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Izumi Y, O’Dell KA, Zorumski CF. Glyphosate as a direct or indirect activator of pro-inflammatory signaling and cognitive impairment. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2212-2218. [PMID: 38488555 PMCID: PMC11034589 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used around the world, making it likely that most humans have significant exposure. Because of habitual exposure, there are concerns about toxicity including neurotoxicity that could result in neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment. We recently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-term potentiation, a cellular model of learning and memory, in rat hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after injection, indicating that glyphosate-based herbicides can alter cognitive function. Glyphosate-based herbicides could adversely affect cognitive function either indirectly and/or directly. Indirectly, glyphosate could affect gut microbiota, and if dysbiosis results in endotoxemia (leaky gut), infiltrated bacterial by-products such as lipopolysaccharides could activate pro-inflammatory cascades. Glyphosate can also directly trigger pro-inflammatory cascades. Indeed, we observed that acute glyphosate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Interestingly, direct inhibition of long-term potentiation by glyphosate appears to be similar to that of lipopolysaccharides. There are several possible measures to control dysbiosis and neuroinflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietary intake of polyphenols, such as quercetin, which overcome the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on long-term potentiation, could be one effective strategy. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity following glyphosate exposure as a means to identify potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kazuko A. O’Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F. Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Ruiz-González C, Román P, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Cardona D, Requena M, Alarcón R. Environmental pesticide exposure and Alzheimer's disease in southern Spain: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115932. [PMID: 38696970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The intensive cultivation under plastic in southern Spain has made the agricultural model highly productive. Although strict regulations on pesticide usage exist, exposure to pesticides in the environment has been associated with an increased appearance of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cross-sectional study was performed to examine the prevalence and risk of AD related to pesticide exposure in Andalusia (Spain). We utilized the Odds Ratio statistical test to compare the prevalence rate of AD in the exposed and unexposed areas. 40,044 cases were collected from computerized hospital records between 2000 and 2021. Districts with higher pesticide use showed significantly higher prevalence rates and increased risk of developing AD, compared to those with lower pesticide use. These findings provide further evidence supporting an increased risk of AD following environmental exposure to pesticides at the level of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristofer Ruiz-González
- Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Calle Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre, s/n 04009, Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-1114 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Pablo Román
- Research Group CTS-1114 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
| | - Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Research Group CTS-1114 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Diana Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
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Jenkins HM, Meeker JD, Zimmerman E, Cathey A, Fernandez J, Montañez GH, Park S, Pabón ZR, Vélez Vega CM, Cordero JF, Alshawabkeh A, Watkins DJ. Gestational glyphosate exposure and early childhood neurodevelopment in a Puerto Rico birth cohort. Environ Res 2024; 246:118114. [PMID: 38211716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, or glyphosate, is a non-selective systemic herbicide widely used in agricultural, industrial, and residential settings since 1974. Glyphosate exposure has been inconsistently linked to neurotoxicity in animals, and studies of effects of gestational exposure among humans are scarce. In this study we investigated relationships between prenatal urinary glyphosate analytes and early childhood neurodevelopment. METHODS Mother-child pairs from the PROTECT-CRECE birth cohort in Puerto Rico with measures for both maternal urinary glyphosate analytes and child neurodevelopment were included for analysis (n = 143). Spot urine samples were collected 1-3 times throughout pregnancy and analyzed for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), an environmental degradant of glyphosate. Child neurodevelopment was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd edition Spanish (BDI-2), which provides scores for adaptive, personal-social, communication, motor, and cognitive domains. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between the geometric mean of maternal urinary glyphosate analytes across pregnancy and BDI-2 scores at each follow-up. Results were expressed as percent change in BDI-2 score per interquartile range increase in exposure. RESULTS Prenatal AMPA concentrations were negatively associated with communication domain at 12 months (%change = -5.32; 95%CI: 9.04, -1.61; p = 0.007), and communication subdomain scores at 12 and 24 months. At 24 months, four BDI-2 domains were associated with AMPA: adaptive (%change = -3.15; 95%CI: 6.05, -0.25; p = 0.038), personal-social (%change = -4.37; 95%CI: 7.48, -1.26; p = 0.008), communication (%change = -7.00; 95%CI: 11.75, -2.26; p = 0.005), and cognitive (%change = -4.02; 95%CI: 6.72, -1.32; p = 0.005). Similar trends were observed with GLY concentrations, but most confidence intervals include zero. We found no significant associations at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gestational exposure to glyphosate is associated with adverse early neurodevelopment, with more pronounced delays at 24 months. Given glyphosate's wide usage, further investigation into the impact of gestational glyphosate exposure on neurodevelopment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Jenkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Amber Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jennifer Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Gredia Huerta Montañez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Seonyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Zaira Rosario Pabón
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Carmen M Vélez Vega
- Department of Social Sciences, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, San Juan, PR, 00936, USA.
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Cresto N, Courret M, Génin A, Martin CMP, Bourret J, Sakkaki S, de Bock F, Janvier A, Polizzi A, Payrastre L, Ellero-Simatos S, Audinat E, Perroy J, Marchi N. Continuous low-level dietary exposure to glyphosate elicits dose and sex-dependent synaptic and microglial adaptations in the rodent brain. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123477. [PMID: 38307239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to low levels of dietary contaminants is a context in modern life that could alter organ physiology gradually. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of continuous exposure to acceptable daily intake (ADI) and non-observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of glyphosate from gestation to adulthood using C57BL/6J mice and incorporating these levels into their food pellets. From adulthood, we analyzed neurophysiological and neuro-glia cellular adaptations in male and female animals. Using ex-vivo hippocampal slice electrophysiology, we found a reduced efficacy of Schaffer collateral-to-CA1 excitatory synapses in glyphosate-exposed dietary conditions, with ADI and NOAEL dose-dependent effects. Short-term facilitation of excitatory synaptic transmission was specifically increased in NOAEL conditions, with a predominant influence in males, suggesting a reduced probability of neurotransmitter release. Long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) was decreased in NOAEL-exposed mice. Next, we explore whether these neurophysiological modifications are associated with neuro-glia changes in the somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. High-resolution confocal microscopy analyses unveil a dose-dependent increased density of excitatory Vglut1+ Homer1+ synapses. Microglial Iba1+ cells displayed a shortening of their ramifications, a sign of cellular reactivity that was more pronounced in males at NOAEL levels. The morphology of GFAP+ astrocytes was generally not modified. Finally, we asked whether mouse-specific cross-correlations exist among all data sets generated. This examination included the novel object recognition (NOR) test performed before ex vivo functional and immunohistochemical examinations. We report a negative linear regression between the number of synapses and NOR or LTP maintenance when plotting ADI and NOAEL datasets. These results outline synaptic and microglial cell adaptations resulting from prenatal and continuous dietary low levels of glyphosate, discernible in, but not limited to, adult males exposed to the NOAEL. We discuss the potential significance of these findings to real-world consumer situations and long-term brain resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Cresto
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Margot Courret
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Athénaïs Génin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Marie Pauline Martin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Bourret
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Sakkaki
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic de Bock
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alicia Janvier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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Chávez-Reyes J, López-Lariz CH, Marichal-Cancino BA. Both acute glyphosate and the aminomethylphosphonic acid intoxication decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in rat hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and gastrocnemius muscle. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38465510 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2326634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
It has been reported that glyphosate, one of the most common herbicides used in agriculture, impairs locomotion and cognition. Glyphosate has a variable half-life in soil up to biotic and/or abiotic factors transform the molecule in metabolites such as the aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) that has a longer half-life. In this study, female Sprague Dawley rats were acutely exposed to different doses of glyphosate or AMPA (i.e. 10, 56 or 100 mg/kg) and, subsequently, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the gastrocnemius muscle. Both glyphosate and AMPA produced a similar decrease in the AChE activity in all the tissues tested. These results suggest that interference with normal cholinergic neurotransmission may be one of the mechanisms involved in glyphosate-induced motor alterations in rats. Moreover, our results highlight the biological importance of AMPA as a molecule with anticholinesterase action in brain and skeletal muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing in vivo that AMPA, the major metabolite of glyphosate, behaves as an organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carlos H López-Lariz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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Jauregui-Zunzunegui S, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Tellez-Plaza M, García-Esquinas E. Glyphosate exposure, muscular health and functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults. Environ Res 2024; 251:118547. [PMID: 38452917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, both in domestic and industrial settings. Experimental research in animal models has demonstrated changes in muscle physiology and reduced contractile strength associated with glyphosate exposure, while epidemiological studies have shown associations between glyphosate exposure and adverse health outcomes in critical biological systems affecting muscle function. METHODS This study used data from a nationally representative survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. general population (NHANES, n = 2132). Urine glyphosate concentrations were determined by ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a Takei Dynamometer, and relative strength estimated as the ratio between HGS in the dominant hand and the appendicular lean mass (ALM) to body mass index (ALMBMI) ratio. Low HGS and low relative HGS were defined as 1 sex-, age- and race-specific SD below the mean. Physical function limitations were identified as significant difficulty or incapacity in various activities. RESULTS In fully-adjusted models, the Mean Differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] per doubling increase in glyphosate concentrations were -0.55 [-1.09, -0.01] kg for HGS in the dominant hand, and -0.90 [-1.58. -0.21] kg for HGS/ALMBMI. The Odds Ratios (OR) [95% CI] for low HGS, low relative HGS and functional limitations by glyphosate concentrations were 1.27 [1.03, 1.57] for low HGS; 1.43 [1.05; 1.94] for low relative HGS; 1.33 [1.08, 1.63] for stooping, crouching or kneeling difficulty; 1.17 [0.91, 1.50] for lifting or carrying items weighting up to 10 pounds difficulty; 1.21 [1.01, 1.40] for standing up from armless chair difficulty; and 1.47 [1.05, 2.29] for ascending ten steps without pause difficulty. CONCLUSIONS Glyphosate exposure may be a risk factor for decreased grip strength and increased physical functional limitations. More studies investigating the influence of this and other environmental pollutants on functional aging are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jauregui-Zunzunegui
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Chávez-Reyes J, Gutiérrez-Reyes CD, Hernández-Cuellar E, Marichal-Cancino BA. Neurotoxicity of glyphosate: Focus on molecular mechanisms probably associated with alterations in cognition and behavior. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 106:104381. [PMID: 38311300 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) have been extensively used in agriculture all over the world. Initially, they were considered safe, but rising evidence suggests that these molecules reach the central nervous system producing metabolic, functional, and permanent alterations that impact cognition and behavior. This theoretical and non-systematic review involved searching, integrating, and analyzing preclinical evidence regarding the effects of acute, sub-chronic, and chronic exposure to glyphosate and GBH on cognition, behavior, neural activity, and development in adult and juvenile rodents following perinatal exposition. In addition, this review gathers the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of glyphosate mediating cognitive and behavioral alterations. Furthermore, clinical evidence of the effects of exposition to GBH on human health and its possible link with several neurological disorders was revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | | | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
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Kolić D, Pehar V, Kovarik Z. Environmental exposure to glyphosate does not inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:76-80. [PMID: 38548375 PMCID: PMC10978157 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate has remained the leading herbicide on the global market to date, despite the continuous debate between consumers, scientific community, and regulatory agencies over its carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, environmental persistence, and the role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Chemically, glyphosate belongs to a large family of organophosphorus pesticides, which exert a neurotoxic effect by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), enzymes of the cholinergic system essential for maintaining neurotransmission. Although research shows that glyphosate is a weak cholinesterase inhibitor in fish and mammals compared to other OP compounds, no conclusive data exist concerning the inhibition of human AChE and BChE. In our study we analysed its inhibitory potency on human AChE and BChE, by establishing its IC50 and reversible inhibition in terms of dissociation inhibition constants. Glyphosate concentration of 40 mmol/L caused near total inhibition of enzyme activity (approx. 10 % activity remaining). Inhibition dissociation constants (K i) of glyphosate-AChE and -BChE complexes were 28.4±2.7 mmol/L and 19.3±1.8 mmol/L, respectively. In conclusion, glyphosate shows a slight binding preference for BChE but exhibits inhibition only in a high concentration range. Our results are in line with studies reporting that its neurotoxic effect is not primarily linked to the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Kolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Pehar
- Dr Franjo Tuđman Croatian Defence Academy, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Fang YW, Wang C, Lin CY. Association between urinary glyphosate levels and hand grip strength in a representative sample of US adults: NHANES 2013-2014. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352570. [PMID: 38450138 PMCID: PMC10915012 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glyphosate, a widely utilized herbicide globally, has been linked to various health issues, including cancer, birth abnormalities, and reproductive issues. Additionally, there is growing experimental support indicating potential harm to skeletal muscles. Despite this, the impact of glyphosate on human muscle health remains unclear. Methods We examined information gathered from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 1466 adults aged 18 or older. Our primary aim was to investigate the relationship between glyphosate exposure and hand grip strength, as well as its influence on lean muscle mass. Results and discussion Our investigation uncovered a detrimental correlation between glyphosate exposure and all measures of grip strength, except for the second test of the first hand. Specifically, we observed a statistically significant adverse association between glyphosate exposure and combined grip strength, which is calculated as the sum of the highest readings from both hands (ß coefficient of -2.000, S.E. = 0.891, p = 0.040). We did not observe a significant correlation between glyphosate levels, lean muscle mass, and the likelihood of reaching maximum grip strength meeting sarcopenia criteria. Additionally, we observed an interaction between age and glyphosate, as well as between body mass index (BMI) and glyphosate, concerning the association with combined grip strength. In this comprehensive analysis of NHANES data, our study reveals a potential association between glyphosate exposure and hand grip strength in the adult population. Our findings suggest the need for deeper exploration into the health effects of glyphosate exposure and its impact on muscle strength, shedding light on possible public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - ChiKang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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10
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Winstone JK, Pathak KV, Winslow W, Piras IS, White J, Sharma R, Huentelman MJ, Pirrotte P, Velazquez R. Correction: Glyphosate infiltrates the brain and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:20. [PMID: 38233859 PMCID: PMC10792902 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Winstone
- Arizona State University‑Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Khyatiben V Pathak
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University‑Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer White
- Arizona State University‑Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University‑Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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11
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Zhao F, Guo D, Tang X, Lan J, Chen J. Ratiometrically electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection of glyphosate based on 2D Cu-TCPP(Fe) NSs. Talanta 2024; 267:125207. [PMID: 37717538 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a dual-signal output sensor was developed for the ratiometrically electrochemical and colorimetric detection of glyphosate (GLYP) based on the duplex nature of 2D Cu-TCPP(Fe) nanosheets (2D Cu-TCPP(Fe) NSs). Cu active center sites in 2D Cu-TCPP(Fe) NSs could transform into CuCl for signal amplification in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-), which dropped dramatically upon GLPY addition due to the strong interaction between GLYP and cuprous ion triggering the competitive reaction with the conversion of CuCl into Cu-GLYP complex. Meanwhile, the constant current signals of Fe2+/3+ in the iron-porphyrin structure of Cu-TCPP(Fe) served as an inner reference, resulting in a ratiometrically electrochemical GLYP sensor. Moreover, 2D Cu-TCPP(Fe) NSs with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity was employed for the colorimetric determination of GLYP based on the specific inhibitory effect of GLYP on the peroxidase activity of 2D Cu-TCPP(Fe) nanozyme. GLYP concentrations can be quantified in the range from 1.0 × 10-10 M to 1.0 × 10-6 M and 1.0 × 10-9 M to 1.0 × 10-7 M, with detection limits of 3.9 × 10-12 M and 1.89 × 10-11 M for ratiometrically electrochemical method and colorimetric assay, respectively. Such a dual-mode sensor with remarkable selectivity, reproducibility, and stability was finally applied for GLYP detection in real samples and reliable outcomes were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Dongqing Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jingyue Lan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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12
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Daramola O, Gutierrez Reyes CD, Chávez-Reyes J, Marichal-Cancino BA, Nwaiwu J, Onigbinde S, Adeniyi M, Solomon J, Bhuiyan MMAA, Mechref Y. Metabolomic Changes in Rat Serum after Chronic Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide. Metabolites 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38248853 PMCID: PMC10819816 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have gained extensive popularity in recent decades. For many years, glyphosate has been regarded as harmless or minimally toxic to mammals due to the absence of its primary target, the shikimic acid pathway in humans. Nonetheless, mounting evidence suggests that glyphosate may cause adverse health effects in humans via other mechanisms. In this study, we described the metabolomic changes in the serum of experimental rats exposed to chronic GBH using the highly sensitive LC-MS/MS technique. We investigated the possible relationship between chronic exposure to GBH and neurological disorders. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to GBH can alter spatial learning memory and the expression of some important metabolites that are linked to neurophysiological disorders in young rats, with the female rats showing higher susceptibility compared to the males. This indicates that female rats are more likely to show early symptoms of the disorder on exposure to chronic GBH compared to male rats. We observed that four important metabolites (paraxanthine, epinephrine, L-(+)-arginine, and D-arginine) showed significant changes and involvement in neurological changes as suggested by ingenuity pathway analysis. In conclusion, our results indicate that chronic exposure to GBH can increase the risk of developing neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Daramola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Cristian D. Gutierrez Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, CP 20131, Mexico; (J.C.-R.); (B.A.M.-C.)
| | - Bruno A. Marichal-Cancino
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, CP 20131, Mexico; (J.C.-R.); (B.A.M.-C.)
| | - Judith Nwaiwu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Sherifdeen Onigbinde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Moyinoluwa Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Joy Solomon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Md Mostofa Al Amin Bhuiyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
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13
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Kandasamy G, Manisekaran R, Arthikala MK. Chitosan nanoplatforms in agriculture for multi-potential applications - Adsorption/removal, sustained release, sensing of pollutants & delivering their alternatives - A comprehensive review. Environ Res 2024; 240:117447. [PMID: 37863167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the global population has led to an increment in the food consumption, which has demanded high food production. To meet the production demands, different techniques and technologies are adopted in agriculture the past 70 years, where utilization of the industry-manufactured/synthetic pesticides (SPTCs - e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, acaricides, avicides, and so on) is one of them. However, it has been later revealed that the usage of SPTCs has negatively impacted the environment - especially water and soil, and also agricultural products - mainly foods. Though preventive measures are taken by government agencies, still the utilization rate of SPTCs is high, and consequently, their maximum residual limit (MRL) levels in food are above tolerance, which further results in serious health concerns in humans. So, there is an immediate need for decreasing the utilization of the SPTCs by delivering them effectively at reduced levels in agriculture but with the required efficacy. Apart from that, it is mandatory to detect/sense and also to remove them to lessen the environmental pollution, while developing effective alternative techniques/technologies. Among many suitable materials that are developed/idenified, chitosan, a bio-polymer has gained great attention and is comprehensively implemented in all the above-mentioned applications - sensing, delivery and removal, due to their excellent and required properties. Though many works are available, in this work, a special attention is given to chitosan and its derivatives (i.e., chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs))based removal, controlled release and sensing of the SPTCs - specifically herbicides and insecticides. Moreover, the chitosan/CNPs-based protective effects on the in vivo models during/after their exposure to the SPTCs, and the current technologies like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) as alternatives for SPTCs are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshlenin Kandasamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ravichandran Manisekaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures & Biomaterials, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato C.P. 37689, Mexico
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato C.P. 37689, Mexico
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14
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Buchenauer L, Haange SB, Bauer M, Rolle-Kampczyk UE, Wagner M, Stucke J, Elter E, Fink B, Vass M, von Bergen M, Schulz A, Zenclussen AC, Junge KM, Stangl GI, Polte T. Maternal exposure of mice to glyphosate induces depression- and anxiety-like behavior in the offspring via alterations of the gut-brain axis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167034. [PMID: 37709081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has been characterized by increased awareness and de-stigmatization of mental health issues, in particular the most common neuropsychiatric disorders depression and anxiety. Further, with growing understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, the number of diagnosed patients has increased. The pathogenesis of these behavioral disorders is multifactorial and early-life exposure to environmental chemicals has been proposed to be a relevant risk factor that might mediate these effects by disturbances on the gut-brain-axis. However, for glyphosate, the most widely used pesticide worldwide, there are only limited and inconsistent findings that link chronic low-dose exposure in particular during early life to neurobehavioral disorders. Here, we explored the impact of maternal oral glyphosate exposure (0.5 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day) during pregnancy and the lactational period on offspring's behavior, brain gene expression and gut microbiota using a cross-generational mouse model. Behavioral analyses revealed a depression- and anxiety-like behavior as well as social deficits most notably in adult female offspring of glyphosate-exposed dams. Furthermore, the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2, an enzyme discussed to be linked to behavioral problems, was reduced in the hippocampus of female offspring and correlated to a glyphosate-induced DNA hypermethylation of the gene. Moreover, maternal glyphosate exposure significantly altered the gut microbiota in the female offspring including a decreased abundance of Akkermansia and increased abundance of Alistipes and Blautia, bacteria involved in tryptophan metabolism and associated with depression- and anxiety-like disorders. Our results suggest that glyphosate might influence the gut-brain axis crosstalk following in-utero and lactational exposure. This study underlines the importance of understanding the impact of exposure to pesticides on the gut-brain axis and further emphasizes the need for microbiome analyses to be compulsorily included in health risk assessments of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Buchenauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike E Rolle-Kampczyk
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marita Wagner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Stucke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Elter
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Fink
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maren Vass
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin M Junge
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; AKAD University Stuttgart, School of Health and Social Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Microbiota-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Depressive Disorders Are Targets for Nutritional and Probiotic Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2217. [PMID: 38137038 PMCID: PMC10742434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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16
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Lewis J. A Thorny Problem: Glyphosate and 2,4-D Associated with Neurobehavioral Effects for Ecuadorian Adolescents. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:124001. [PMID: 38147367 PMCID: PMC10750889 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Among adolescents in an area known for its rose and other flower crops, exposures to 2,4-D and glyphosate (but not DEET) were associated with lower scores on neurobehavioral assessments. Notably, these kids did not work in floriculture.
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17
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Romualdo GR, Valente LC, de Souza JLH, Rodrigues J, Barbisan LF. Modifying effects of 2,4-D and Glyphosate exposures on gut-liver-adipose tissue axis of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 268:115688. [PMID: 37992649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is linked to western diet (WD) intake, affects 30% of the world's population and involves the crosstalk of liver steatosis, hypertrophy/inflammation of adipose tissue and deregulation of gut microbiome. Glyphosate and 2,4-D are some of the most applied herbicides worldwide, and their roles in NAFLD have not been investigated. Thus, the present study evaluated whether glyphosate and 2,4-D, in single or mixed exposure, alter WD-induced NAFLD in a mouse model. Male C57Bl/6 mice (n = 10/group) received a fat (30% lard, 0.02% cholesterol), and sucrose-rich diet (20%) and high sugar solution (23.1 and 18.9 g/L of fructose and glucose) for 6 months. Simultaneously, animals received glyphosate (0.05 or 5 mg/kg/day), 2,4-D (0.02 or 2 mg/kg/day), or their combination (0.05 +0.02 or 5 +2 mg/kg/day) by intragastrical administration (5 ×/week). Doses were based on the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADIs) or No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) levels. Herbicide exposures featured differential responses. WD-induced obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia remained unaltered. Compared to the group receiving only WD, only the concomitant exposure to WD and 2,4-D (2 mg) enhanced the percentage of mice with moderate/severe hepatic inflammation, CD68 macrophage infiltration, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver. In line, this herbicide modulated immune response- (including Cd4, C8b, Cd28, Cxcr3, Cxcr6) and oxidative stress-related (such as Gsta1, Gsta2, Gsta4, Gstm1, Gstm2, Gstm3, Gstm4, Nqo1, Gpx2) genes in the hepatic transcriptome analysis. This exposure also enriched pro-inflammatory Deferribacteres phylum in fecal microbiome. In general, the herbicide mixtures did not feature the same effects attributed to 2,4-D isolated exposure. Our findings indicate that 2,4-D, at a dose within the toxicological limits, was able to induce disturbances in mainly at the liver and gut axes involved in NAFLD development in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Cardoso Valente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculty of Health Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Luri Hisano de Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Josias Rodrigues
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Hsiao CC, Yang AM, Wang C, Lin CY. Association between glyphosate exposure and cognitive function, depression, and neurological diseases in a representative sample of US adults: NHANES 2013-2014 analysis. Environ Res 2023; 237:116860. [PMID: 37562738 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide globally, has been linked to neurological impairments in some occupational studies. However, the potential neurotoxic effects of glyphosate exposure in the general population are still not fully understood. We conducted analyses on existing data collected from 1532 adults of the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the possible relationship between glyphosate exposure and cognitive function, depressive symptoms, disability, and neurological medical conditions. Our results showed a significant negative association between urinary glyphosate levels and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word List Memory Test (CERAD-WLT) trial 3 recall and delayed recall scores in both models, with ß coefficients of -0.288 (S.E. = 0.111, P = 0.021) and -0.426 (S.E. = 0.148, P = 0.011), respectively. Furthermore, the odds ratio did not show a significant increase with the severity of depressive symptoms with a one-unit increase in ln-glyphosate levels. However, the odds ratio for severe depressive symptoms was significantly higher than for no symptoms (odds ratio = 4.148 (95% CI = 1.009-17.133), P = 0.049). Notably, the odds ratio showed a significant increase for individuals with serious hearing difficulty (odds ratio = 1.354 (95% CI = 1.018-1.800), P = 0.039) with a one-unit increase in ln-glyphosate levels, but not for other neurological medical conditions. In conclusion, our findings provide the first evidence that glyphosate exposure may be associated with neurological health outcomes in the US adult population. Additional investigation is necessary to understand the potential mechanisms and clinical significance of these correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chung Hsiao
- Department of Nephrology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - An-Ming Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - ChiKang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan.
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19
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Izumi Y, O'Dell KA, Zorumski CF. The herbicide glyphosate inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning through activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18005. [PMID: 37865669 PMCID: PMC10590375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, a herbicide marketed as Roundup, is widely used but there are concerns this exposure could impair cognitive function. In the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, we investigated whether glyphosate alters synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate alters neuronal function and impairs LTP induction via activation of pro-inflammatory processes. Roundup depressed excitatory synaptic potentials(EPSPs) in a dose-dependent manner with complete suppression at 2000 mg/L. At concentrations ≤ 20 mg/L Roundup did not affect basal transmission, but 4 mg/L Roundup administered for 30 min inhibited LTP induction. Acute administration of 10-100 μM glyphosate also inhibited LTP induction. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, and TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), both overcame the inhibitory effects of 100 µM glyphosate. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), a different TLR4 antagonist, overcame the inhibitory effects. In addition, ISRIB (integrated stress response inhibitor) and quercetin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, overcame the inhibitory effects. We also observed that in vivo glyphosate injection (16.9 mg/kg i.p.) impaired one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning. This learning deficit was overcome by TAK-242. These observations indicate that glyphosate can impair cognitive function through pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kazuko A O'Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Sakkaki S, Cresto N, Chancel R, Jaulmes M, Zub E, Blaquière M, Sicard P, Maurice T, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Marchi N, Perroy J. Dual-Hit: Glyphosate exposure at NOAEL level negatively impacts birth and glia-behavioural measures in heterozygous shank3 mutants. Environ Int 2023; 180:108201. [PMID: 37769447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of environmental contaminants represents a health danger with ramifications for adverse neurological trajectories. Here, we tested the dual-hit hypothesis that continuous exposure to non-observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) glyphosate from pre-natal to adulthood represents a risk factor for neurological-associated adaptations when in the presence of the heterozygote or homozygote mutation of the Shank3 synaptic gene. Ultrasound analysis of pregnant dams revealed patterns of pre-natal mortality with effects dependent on wild-type, Shank3ΔC/+, or Shank3ΔC/ΔC genotypes exposed to NOAEL glyphosate (GLY) compared to unexposed conditions. The postnatal survival rate was negatively impacted, specifically in Shank3ΔC/+ exposed to GLY. Next, the resulting six groups of pups were tracked into adulthood and analyzed for signs of neuroinflammation and neurological adaptions. Sholl's analysis revealed cortical microgliosis across groups exposed to GLY, with Shank3ΔC/+ mice presenting the most significant modifications. Brain tissues were devoid of astrocytosis, except for the perivascular compartment in the cortex in response to GLY. Distinct behavioral adaptations accompanied these cellular modifications, as locomotion and social preference were decreased in Shank3ΔC/+ mice exposed to GLY. Notably, GLY exposure from weaning did not elicit glial or neurological adaptations across groups, indicating the importance of pre-natal contaminant exposure. These results unveil the intersection between continuous pre-natal to adulthood environmental input and a pre-existing synaptic mutation. In an animal model, NOAEL GLY predominantly impacted Shank3ΔC/+ mice, compounding an otherwise mild phenotype compared to Shank3ΔC/ΔC. The possible relevance of these findings to neurodevelopmental risk is critically discussed, along with avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sakkaki
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Noemie Cresto
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Chancel
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Maé Jaulmes
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Zub
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Blaquière
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nicola Marchi
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Julie Perroy
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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21
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Zhang D, Ding W, Liu W, Li L, Zhu G, Ma J. Single and Combined Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Glyphosate on the Brain of Common Carp: Based on Biochemical and Molecular Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12934. [PMID: 37629125 PMCID: PMC10455211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and glyphosate (GLY) are the most widely used organophosphate insecticide and herbicide worldwide, respectively; co-occurrence of CPF and GLY in aquatic environments occurs where they inevitably have potential hazards to fish. However, the potential mechanisms of CPF and GLY to induce toxicity have not been fully explored. To identify the adverse impacts of CPF and GLY on fish, either alone or in combination (MIX), CPF (25 μg/L) and GLY (3.5 mg/L) were set up according to an environmentally relevant concentration to expose to common carp for 21 days. After exposure, CPF and GLY decreased the activities of acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase, altered monoamine oxidase levels, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutamic reductase), and induced the accumulation of malondialdehyde in the carp brain. The parameters in the MIX groups had a greater impact compared to that in the CPF or GLY group, suggesting that both single and combined exposure could affect neurological signaling systems and cause oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation damage in carp brains, and that MIX exposure increases the impact of each pollutant. RNA-seq results showed that single or combined exposure to CPF and GLY induced global transcriptomic changes in fish brains, and the number of differentially expressed genes in MIX-treated carp brains were globally increased compared to either the CPF or GLY groups, suggesting that the effects of co-exposure were greater than single exposure. Further analysis results revealed that the global transcriptomic changes participated in oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and apoptosis of fish brains, and identified that the P13k-Akt signaling pathway participates in both single and combined exposure of CPF- and GLY-induced toxicity. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the interaction of CPF and GLY might be synergic and provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of fish brains coping with CPF and GLY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Weikai Ding
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Gongming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Junguo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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22
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Matsuzaki R, Gunnigle E, Geissen V, Clarke G, Nagpal J, Cryan JF. Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. ISME J 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01450-9. [PMID: 37328570 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota exist within a dynamic ecosystem shaped by various factors that includes exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides. It is widely regarded that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining host health, including a major influence on the brain and behaviour. Given the widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture practices, it is important to assess the long-term collateral effects these xenobiotic exposures have on gut microbiota composition and function. Indeed, exposure studies using animal models have shown that pesticides can induce negative impacts on the host gut microbiota, physiology and health. In tandem, there is a growing body of literature showing that the effects of pesticide exposure can be extended to the manifestation of behavioural impairments in the host. With the increasing appreciation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, in this review we assess whether pesticide-induced changes in gut microbiota composition profiles and functions could be driving these behavioural alterations. Currently, the diversity of pesticide type, exposure dose and variation in experimental designs hinders direct comparisons of studies presented. Although many insights presented, the mechanistic connection between the gut microbiota and behavioural changes remains insufficiently explored. Future experiments should therefore focus on causal mechanisms to examine the gut microbiota as the mediator of the behavioural impairments observed in the host following pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Matsuzaki
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Violette Geissen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland.
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23
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Lehman P, Cady N, Ghimire S, Shahi SK, Shrode RL, Lehmler HJ, Mangalam AK. Low-dose glyphosate exposure alters gut microbiota composition and modulates gut homeostasis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 100:104149. [PMID: 37196884 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, has resulted in significant human exposure, and recent studies have challenged the notion that glyphosate is safe for humans. Although the link between disease states and glyphosate exposure is increasingly appreciated, the mechanistic links between glyphosate and its toxic effects on human health are poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that glyphosate may cause toxicity through modulation of the gut microbiome, but evidence for glyphosate-induced gut dysbiosis and its effect on host physiology at doses approximating the U.S. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI = 1.75mg/kg body weight) is limited. Here, utilizing shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from C57BL/6J mice, we show that glyphosate exposure at doses approximating the U.S. ADI significantly impacts gut microbiota composition. These gut microbial alterations were associated with effects on gut homeostasis characterized by increased proinflammatory CD4+IL17A+ T cells and Lipocalin-2, a known marker of intestinal inflammation. DATA AVAILABILITY: The shotgun metagenomic sequences are deposited in NCBI under BioProject PRJNA880821. All other data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the manuscript are present in the manuscript and/or the Supplementary Materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lehman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; Graduate Program in Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Nicole Cady
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Rachel L Shrode
- Informatics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; Graduate Program in Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA; Immunology Graduate Program. University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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24
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Izumi Y, O'Dell KA, Zorumski CF. The herbicide glyphosate inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning through activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2883114. [PMID: 37214918 PMCID: PMC10197752 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2883114/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Glyphosate, a herbicide marketed under the trade name Roundup, is now widely used, in part because genetically modified organism plants that are resistant to this agent have been developed. Environmental or dietary exposure to glyphosate is omnipresent and there are concerns this exposure could impair cognitive function in addition to carcinogenicity. Methods Using hippocampal slices from juvenile male rats, we investigated whether glyphosate alters synaptic transmission and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate alters neuronal function and impairs LTP induction via activation of pro-inflammatory processes, because increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation have been reported following glyphosate exposure. LTP was induced by delivery of 100 Hz x 1 sec high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the Schaffer collateral pathway and excitatory synaptic potentials (EPSPs) were monitored 60 min after HFS. Resulsts We first tested effects of Roundup on basal synaptic function and LTP induction. Roundup depressed EPSPs in a dose-dependent manner. Basal synaptic transmission was completely suppressed by 2000 ppm. At concentrations ≤ 20 ppm Roundup did not affect basal transmission, but 4 ppm Roundup administered 30 min before HFS inhibited LTP induction. We also observed that acute administration of 10-100 μM glyphosate inhibits LTP induction. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, and TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), both overcame the inhibitory effects of 100M glyphosate. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS) overcame the inhibitory effects. In addition, ISRIB (integrated stress response inhibitor) and quercetin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, allowed LTP induction in the presence of glyphosate. We also observed that in vivo glyphosate injection (16.9 mg/kg i.p.) impaired one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning. This learning deficit was overcome by TAK-242. Conclusion While Roundup inhibits LTP induction, these observations indicate that glyphosate alone, the major ingredient of Roundup, can impair cognitive function through pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia. Manipulation of pro-inflammatory signaling could be a useful strategy to prevent cognitive impairment after exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH).
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25
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Xu Y, Yang X, Chen D, Xu Y, Lan L, Zhao S, Liu Q, Snijders AM, Xia Y. Maternal exposure to pesticides and autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in offspring: A meta-analysis. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137459. [PMID: 36470360 PMCID: PMC9839607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between maternal pesticide exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in offspring. METHOD Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, as well as PsycINFO were systematically retrieved for the records related to pesticide exposure during pregnancy and ASD and ADHD in offspring before August 30, 2022. The pesticide category, maternal age and window of exposure as the main subgroups were presented. RESULTS 949 studies were initially identified, and 19 studies were eventually included. Eleven were on ASD, seven were on ADHD, and one was on both disorders. Maternal pesticide exposure was positively related to ASD (pooled OR = 1.19 (95%CI: 1.04 to 1.36)) and ADHD (pooled OR = 1.20 (95%CI: 1.04 to 1.38)) in offspring. In the subgroup analysis, organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) (pooled OR = 1.14 (95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24)), pyrethroid (pooled OR = 1.40 (95%CI: 1.09 to 1.80)), and maternal age ≥30 years old (pooled OR = 1.24 (95%CI: 1.10 to 1.40)) increased the risk of ASD in offspring. Maternal organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure was a risk factor for ADHD in offspring (pooled OR = 1.22 (95%CI: 1.03 to 1.45)). CONCLUSION Maternal pesticide exposure increased the risk of ASD and ADHD in offspring. Moreover, OPs, pyrethroid, and maternal age ≥30 years old were found to be risk factors affecting children's ASD. Maternal exposure to OCPs increased the risk of ADHD in offspring. Our findings contribute to our understanding of health risks related to maternal pesticide exposure and indicate that the in utero developmental period is a vulnerable window-of-susceptibility for ASD and ADHD risk in offspring. These findings should guide policies that limit maternal exposure to pesticides, especially for pregnant women living in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linchen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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26
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Rao RV, Subramaniam KG, Gregory J, Bredesen AL, Coward C, Okada S, Kelly L, Bredesen DE. Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and MCI: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021659. [PMID: 36675177 PMCID: PMC9865291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease typically characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in overall cognitive function. Usually manifesting in individuals over the age of 60, this is the most prevalent type of dementia and remains the fifth leading cause of death among Americans aged 65 and older. While the development of effective treatment and prevention for AD is a major healthcare goal, unfortunately, therapeutic approaches to date have yet to find a treatment plan that produces long-term cognitive improvement. Drugs that may be able to slow down the progression rate of AD are being introduced to the market; however, there has been no previous solution for preventing or reversing the disease-associated cognitive decline. Recent studies have identified several factors that contribute to the progression and severity of the disease: diet, lifestyle, stress, sleep, nutrient deficiencies, mental health, socialization, and toxins. Thus, increasing evidence supports dietary and other lifestyle changes as potentially effective ways to prevent, slow, or reverse AD progression. Studies also have demonstrated that a personalized, multi-therapeutic approach is needed to improve metabolic abnormalities and AD-associated cognitive decline. These studies suggest the effects of abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hypovitaminosis D, hormonal deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia, in the AD process. Therefore a personalized, multi-therapeutic program based on an individual's genetics and biochemistry may be preferable over a single-drug/mono-therapeutic approach. This article reviews these multi-therapeutic strategies that identify and attenuate all the risk factors specific to each affected individual. This article systematically reviews studies that have incorporated multiple strategies that target numerous factors simultaneously to reverse or treat cognitive decline. We included high-quality clinical trials and observational studies that focused on the cognitive effects of programs comprising lifestyle, physical, and mental activity, as well as nutritional aspects. Articles from PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Epidemiological, pathological, toxicological, genetic, and biochemical studies have all concluded that AD represents a complex network insufficiency. The research studies explored in this manuscript confirm the need for a multifactorial approach to target the various risk factors of AD. A single-drug approach may delay the progression of memory loss but, to date, has not prevented or reversed it. Diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, and environment all contribute to the progression of the disease, and, therefore, a multi-factorial optimization of network support and function offers a rational therapeutic strategy. Thus, a multi-therapeutic program that simultaneously targets multiple factors underlying the AD network may be more effective than a mono-therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan V. Rao
- Apollo Health, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA
- Correspondence: (R.V.R.); (D.E.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sho Okada
- Apollo Health, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA
| | | | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Apollo Health, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Correspondence: (R.V.R.); (D.E.B.)
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27
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Anderson G. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of Astrocytes, Gut Microbiome, and Muscle Interactions via the Mitochondrial Melatonergic Pathway, with Disruption by Glyphosate-Based Herbicides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010587. [PMID: 36614029 PMCID: PMC9820185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathoetiology and pathophysiology of motor neuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are still to be determined, with only a small percentage of ALS patients having a known genetic risk factor. The article looks to integrate wider bodies of data on the biological underpinnings of ALS, highlighting the integrative role of alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathways and systemic factors regulating this pathway across a number of crucial hubs in ALS pathophysiology, namely glia, gut, and the muscle/neuromuscular junction. It is proposed that suppression of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway underpins changes in muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and its melatonergic pathway mimic, N-acetylserotonin, leading to a lack of metabolic trophic support at the neuromuscular junction. The attenuation of the melatonergic pathway in astrocytes prevents activation of toll-like receptor agonists-induced pro-inflammatory transcription factors, NF-kB, and yin yang 1, from having a built-in limitation on inflammatory induction that arises from their synchronized induction of melatonin release. Such maintained astrocyte activation, coupled with heightened microglia reactivity, is an important driver of motor neuron susceptibility in ALS. Two important systemic factors, gut dysbiosis/permeability and pineal melatonin mediate many of their beneficial effects via their capacity to upregulate the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway in central and systemic cells. The mitochondrial melatonergic pathway may be seen as a core aspect of cellular function, with its suppression increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to ROS-induced microRNAs, thereby altering the patterning of genes induced. It is proposed that the increased occupational risk of ALS in farmers, gardeners, and sportsmen and women is intimately linked to exposure, whilst being physically active, to the widely used glyphosate-based herbicides. This has numerous research and treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PG, UK
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