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Trugilho L, Alvarenga L, Cardozo LF, Barboza I, Leite M, Fouque D, Mafra D. Vitamin E and conflicting understandings in noncommunicable diseases: Is it worth supplementing? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:343-354. [PMID: 38220396 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble nutrient found mainly in vegetable oils and oilseeds. It is divided into eight homologous compounds; however, only α-tocopherol exhibits vitamin activity. Many advantages are related to these compounds, including cellular protection through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and improving lipid metabolism. Physiopathology of many diseases incepts with reduced antioxidant defense, characterized by an increased reactive oxygen species production and activation of transcription factors involved in inflammation, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), that can be linked to oxidative stress. Moreover, disorders of lipid metabolism can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, intestinal dysbiosis plays a vital role in developing chronic non-communicable diseases. In this regard, vitamin E can be considered to mitigate those disorders, but data still needs to be more conclusive. This narrative review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of action of vitamin E and if supplementation can be beneficial in a disease scenario regarding non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Trugilho
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Fmf Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isis Barboza
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maurilo Leite
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Shrum SA, Nukala U, Shrimali S, Pineda EN, Krager KJ, Thakkar S, Jones DE, Pathak R, Breen PJ, Aykin-Burns N, Compadre CM. Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1987. [PMID: 38001840 PMCID: PMC10668991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind their powerful multi-organ radioprotective properties. In this context, their antioxidant effects are recognized for directly preventing oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules from ionizing radiation. However, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the radioprotective mechanism of action for tocotrienols extends beyond their antioxidant properties. This raises a new pharmacological paradigm that tocotrienols are uniquely efficacious radioprotectors due to a synergistic combination of antioxidant and other signaling effects. In this review, we have covered the wide range of multi-organ radioprotective effects observed for tocotrienols and the mechanisms underlying it. These radioprotective effects for tocotrienols can be characterized as (1) direct cytoprotective effects, characteristic of the classic antioxidant properties, and (2) other effects that modulate a wide array of critical signaling factors involved in radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Shrum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Tocol Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Little Rock, AR 77205, USA
| | - Ujwani Nukala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Shivangi Shrimali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Edith Nathalie Pineda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Krager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Shraddha Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Darin E. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Philip J. Breen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Cesar M. Compadre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Tocol Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Little Rock, AR 77205, USA
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Kumar M, Deshmukh P, Kumar M, Bhatt A, Sinha AH, Chawla P. Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48142. [PMID: 38046702 PMCID: PMC10692867 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article conducts a thorough investigation into the potential role of vitamin E in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the context of shifting mortality patterns from infectious diseases to the continued prominence of CVDs in modern medicine. The primary focus is on vitamin E's antioxidant properties and its specific ability to counter lipid peroxidation, a pivotal process in the early stages of atherosclerosis, a precursor to CVDs. The research spans a wide range of methodologies, including in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and experimental studies, examining how vitamin E affects critical aspects of cardiovascular health, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. It also explores vitamin E's influence on complex processes like smooth muscle cell development, oxidative stress reduction, foam cell formation, and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. In the context of clinical studies, the article presents findings that both support and yield inconclusive results regarding the impact of vitamin E supplementation on CVDs. It acknowledges the intricate interplay of factors such as patient selection, pathophysiological conditions, and genetic variations, all of which can significantly influence the efficacy of vitamin E. The article underscores the need for ongoing research, with a specific focus on understanding the regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their roles in modulating cellular processes relevant to CVDs. It highlights the potential for innovative therapeutic approaches based on a deeper comprehension of vitamin E's multifaceted effects. However, it also candidly addresses the challenges of translating clinical trial findings into practical applications and emphasizes the importance of considering diverse variables to optimize therapeutic outcomes. In summary, this meticulously conducted study provides a comprehensive examination of vitamin E's potential as a preventive agent against CVDs, recognizing the complexity of the subject and the need for continued research to unlock its full potential in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasad Deshmukh
- Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Asmi Bhatt
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arya Harshyt Sinha
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Parth Chawla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Hantikainen E, Lagerros YT. Vitamin E - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10238. [PMID: 38187798 PMCID: PMC10770650 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that dietary vitamin E (as α-tocopherol) intake has a beneficial role in preventing certain chronic diseases. In contrast, there is no clear evidence for the benefit of α-tocopherol supplements in a generally healthy population. Deficiency symptoms are rare and mainly occur due to genetic or other factors affecting α-tocopherol absorption and/or metabolism, rather than a low α-tocopherol intake. No qualified systematic review was identified by the NNR2023 project for updating the dietary reference values (DRV).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Division for Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brecht P, Dring JC, Yanez F, Styczeń A, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Grywalska E. How Do Minerals, Vitamins, and Intestinal Microbiota Affect the Development and Progression of Heart Disease in Adult and Pediatric Patients? Nutrients 2023; 15:3264. [PMID: 37513682 PMCID: PMC10384570 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, far ahead of cancer. Epidemiological data emphasize the participation of many risk factors that increase the incidence of CVDs, including genetic factors, age, and sex, but also lifestyle, mainly nutritional irregularities and, connected with them, overweight and obesity, as well as metabolic diseases. Despite the importance of cardiovascular problems in the whole society, the principles of prevention of CVDs are not widely disseminated, especially among the youngest. As a result, nutritional neglect, growing from childhood and adolescence, translates into the occurrence of numerous disease entities, including CVDs, in adult life. This review aimed to draw attention to the role of selected minerals and vitamins in health and the development and progression of CVDs in adults and children. Particular attention was paid to the effects of deficiency and toxicity of the analyzed compounds in the context of the cardiovascular system and to the role of intestinal microorganisms, which by interacting with nutrients, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders. We hope this article will draw the attention of society and the medical community to emphasize promoting healthy eating and proper eating habits in children and adults, translating into increased awareness and a reduced risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peet Brecht
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - James Curtis Dring
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Felipe Yanez
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Styczeń
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Pang KL, Mai CW, Chin KY. Molecular Mechanism of Tocotrienol-Mediated Anticancer Properties: A Systematic Review of the Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081854. [PMID: 37111076 PMCID: PMC10145773 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocotrienol, a type of vitamin E, is well known for its anti-cancer and other biological activities. This systematic review aims to summarize the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) as the underlying molecular mechanisms for the anticancer properties of tocotrienol. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was performed in March 2023 using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. In vitro, in vivo, and human studies were considered. RESULT A total of 840 articles were retrieved during the initial search, and 11 articles that fit the selection criteria were included for qualitative analysis. The current mechanistic findings are based solely on in vitro studies. Tocotrienol induces cancer cell growth arrest, autophagy, and cell death primarily through apoptosis but also through paraptosis-like cell death. Tocotrienol-rich fractions, including α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols, induce ERS, as evidenced by upregulation of UPR markers and/or ERS-related apoptosis markers. Early endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion release, increased ceramide level, proteasomal inhibition, and upregulation of microRNA-190b were suggested to be essential in modulating tocotrienol-mediated ERS/UPR transduction. Nevertheless, the upstream molecular mechanism of tocotrienol-induced ERS is largely unknown. CONCLUSION ERS and UPR are essential in modulating tocotrienol-mediated anti-cancer effects. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the upstream molecular mechanism of tocotrienol-mediated ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri 79200, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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Al-Hashem F, Abd Ellatif M, ShamsEldeen AM, Kamar SS, Al-Ani B, Haidara MA. Vitamin E protects against the modulation of TNF-α-AMPK axis and inhibits pancreas injury in a rat model of L-arginine-induced acute necrotising pancreatitis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:148-156. [PMID: 32783662 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1806330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) associated with the modulation of TNF-α-AMPK axis in the presence and absence of vitamin E has not been investigated before. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were either injected with L-arginine (2.5 gm/kg) before being sacrificed after 48 h or were pre-treated with vitamin E (60 mg/kg) and continued receiving vitamin E until the end of the experiment. RESULTS AP was developed as demonstrated by infiltration of inflammatory cells and profound pancreas tissue damage, which were substantially protected by vitamin E. In addition, L-arginine injections significantly (p < .0001) increased the expression of TNF-α mRNA and protein, and decreased phospho-AMPK and IL-10 mRNA and protein that was significantly (p < .0001) protected by vitamin E. Furthermore, vitamin E inhibited L-arginine-induced blood levels of LDH, amylase, and myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSIONS L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis modulates TNF-α-AMPK axis, IL-10 and other AP biomarkers, which is protected by vitamin E; thus, may offer therapeutic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahaid Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abd Ellatif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M ShamsEldeen
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Department of Medical Histology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rujimongkon K, Ampawong S, Isarangkul D, Reamtong O, Aramwit P. Sericin-mediated improvement of dysmorphic cardiac mitochondria from hypercholesterolaemia is associated with maintaining mitochondrial dynamics, energy production, and mitochondrial structure. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:708-721. [PMID: 35348427 PMCID: PMC8967205 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2055088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sericin is a component protein in the silkworm cocoon [Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Bombycidae)] that improves dysmorphic cardiac mitochondria under hypercholesterolemic conditions. This is the first study to explore cardiac mitochondrial proteins associated with sericin treatment. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of action of sericin in cardiac mitochondria under hypercholesterolaemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypercholesterolaemia was induced in Wistar rats by feeding them 6% cholesterol-containing chow for 6 weeks. The hypercholesterolemic rats were separated into 2 groups (n = 6 for each): the sericin-treated (1,000 mg/kg daily) and nontreated groups. The treatment conditions were maintained for 4 weeks prior to cardiac mitochondria isolation. The mitochondrial structure was evaluated by immunolabeling electron microscopy, and differential mitochondrial protein expression was determined and quantitated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS A 32.22 ± 2.9% increase in the percent striated area of cardiac muscle was observed in sericin-treated hypercholesterolemic rats compared to the nontreatment group (4.18 ± 1.11%). Alterations in mitochondrial proteins, including upregulation of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and reduction of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (NDUFS1) expression, are correlated with a reduction in mitochondrial apoptosis under sericin treatment. Differential proteomic observation also revealed that sericin may improve mitochondrial energy production by upregulating acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplex subunit 10 (NDUFA10) expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Sericin treatment could improve the dysmorphic mitochondrial structure, metabolism, and energy production of cardiac mitochondria under hypercholesterolaemia. These results suggest that sericin may be an alternative treatment molecule that is related to cardiac mitochondrial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitiya Rujimongkon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangnate Isarangkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetic, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, and
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nair AB, Gorain B, Pandey M, Jacob S, Shinu P, Aldhubiab B, Almuqbil RM, Elsewedy HS, Morsy MA. Tocotrienol in the Treatment of Topical Wounds: Recent Updates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112479. [PMID: 36432670 PMCID: PMC9699634 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing wounds is an important attempt to keep the internal higher organs safe. Complications in topical wound healing may lead to the formation of scars, which can affect the patient's quality of life. Although several approaches are ongoing in parallel in the exploration of natural compounds via advanced delivery, in this article, an attempt has been made to highlight tocotrienol. Tocotrienol is a natural form of vitamin E and has shown its potential in certain pharmacological activities better than tocopherol. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cell signal-mediating effects, angiogenic properties, management of scar, and promotion of wound environment with essential factors have shown potential in the management of topical wound healing. Therefore, this review has aimed to focus on recent advances in topical wound healing through the application of tocotrienols. Challenges in delivering tocotrienols to the topical wound due to its large molecular weight and higher logP have also been explored using nanotechnological-based carriers, which has made tocotrienol a potential tool to facilitate the closure of wounds. Exploration of tocotrienol has also been made in human volunteers for biopsy wounds; however, the results are yet to be reported. Overall, based on the current findings in the literature, it could be inferred that tocotrienol would be a viable alternative to the existing wound dressing components for the management of topical wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (B.G.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9088585676 (B.G.)
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (B.G.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9088585676 (B.G.)
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, SSH 17, Jant, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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Saud Gany SL, Tan JK, Chin KY, Hakimi NH, Ab Rani N, Ihsan N, Makpol S. Untargeted muscle tissue metabolites profiling in young, adult, and old rats supplemented with tocotrienol-rich fraction. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1008908. [PMID: 36310588 PMCID: PMC9616602 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1008908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest significant influence on human life span and health is inevitable ageing. One of the distinguishing characteristics of ageing is the gradual decrease of muscle mass and physical function. There has been growing evidence that tocotrienol can guard against age-associated chronic diseases and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on muscle metabolomes and metabolic pathways in ageing Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Three months, 9 months, and 21 months old male SD rats were divided into control and treated groups with 10 rats per group. Rats in control and treated groups were given 60 mg/kg body weight/day of palm olein and 60 mg/kg body weight/day of TRF, respectively, via oral gavage for 3 months. Muscle performance was assessed at 0 and 3 months of treatment by measuring muscle strength and function. Our results showed that TRF treatment caused a significant increase in the swimming time of the young rats. Comparison in the control groups showed that metabolites involved in lipid metabolisms such as L-palmitoyl carnitine and decanoyl carnitine were increased in ageing. In contrast, several metabolites, such as 3-phosphoglyceric acid, aspartic acid and aspartyl phenylalanine were decreased. These findings indicated that muscle metabolomes involved in lipid metabolism were upregulated in aged rats. In contrast, the metabolites involved in energy and amino acid metabolism were significantly downregulated. Comparison in the TRF-supplemented groups showed an upregulation of metabolites involved in energy and amino acid metabolism. Metabolites such as N6-methyl adenosine, spermine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, histidine, and N-acetyl neuraminic acid were up-regulated, indicating promotion of amino acid synthesis and muscle regeneration. Energy metabolism was also improved in adult and old rats with TRF supplementation as indicated by the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glycerol 3-phosphate compared to the control group. In conclusion, the mechanism underlying the changes in skeletal muscle mass and functions in ageing was related to carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Tocotrienol supplementation showed beneficial effects in alleviating energy and amino acid synthesis that may promote the regeneration and renewal of skeletal muscle in ageing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Liyana Saud Gany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Haleeda Hakimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Ab Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Suzana Makpol,
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12
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Zhu Y, Frank J, Riphagen IJ, Minović I, Vos MJ, Eggersdorfer ML, Navis GJ, Bakker SJL. Associations of 24 h urinary excretions of α- and γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman with plasma α- and γ-tocopherol and dietary vitamin E intake in older adults: the Lifelines-MINUTHE Study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3755-3765. [PMID: 35718823 PMCID: PMC9464128 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary metabolites of vitamin E, i.e., α- and γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman (α- and γ-CEHC), have gained increasing attention and have been proposed as novel biomarkers of vitamin E intake and status. However, there are insufficient data on the relationship of plasma α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol and dietary vitamin E intake with 24 h urinary excretions of α- and γ-CEHC. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) investigate the associations of urinary α- and γ-CEHC/creatinine ratios and 24 h urinary excretions of α- and γ-CEHC with plasma α- and γ-tocopherol, respectively; (2) investigate the associations of urinary α- and γ-CEHC/creatinine ratios and 24 h urinary excretions of α- and γ-CEHC with dietary vitamin E intake, and we hypothesize that 24 h urinary excretions of α- and γ-CEHC will better correlate with vitamin E intake than urinary α- and γ-CEHC/creatinine ratios. DESIGN 24 h Urine and plasma samples were collected from 1519 participants (60-75 years, male: 50%) included in the Lifelines-MINUTHE Study for the assessments of urinary α- and γ-CEHC/creatinine ratios and 24 h urinary excretions of α- and γ-CEHC, and plasma α- and γ-tocopherol. Among those participants, dietary vitamin E intake data from 387 participants were available from an externally validated Flower-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The associations of plasma α- and γ-tocopherol, dietary vitamin E intake, with urinary α- and γ-CEHC were assessed using multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS 24 h Urinary excretion of α-CEHC (median (IQR): 0.9 (0.3-2.4) µmol) was less than that of γ-CEHC (median (IQR): 1.5 (0.5-3.5) µmol). After adjustment for covariates, we found that 24 h urinary α-CEHC excretion and urinary α-CEHC/creatinine ratio were both positively associated with plasma α-tocopherol (std.beta: 0.06, p = 0.02; std.beta: 0.06, p = 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the sum of 24 h urinary α- and γ-CEHC excretions was positively associated with dietary vitamin E intake (std.beta: 0.08; p = 0.03), whereas there was no relation between urinary α- and γ-CEHC/creatinine ratios and vitamin E intake. No association was observed neither between plasma α- and γ-tocopherol and dietary vitamin E intake, nor between urinary γ-CEHC and plasma γ-tocopherol. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed our hypothesis that 24 h urinary α- and γ-CEHC excretions would be a better marker for dietary vitamin E intake than urinary α- and γ-CEHC/creatinine ratios. Considering that both 24 h urinary α- and γ-CEHC excretions and α- and γ-CEHC/creatinine ratios were also associated with plasma α-tocopherol status, we suggest that 24 h urinary α- and γ-CEHC excretions could be used to assess overall vitamin E status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140B), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ineke J Riphagen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Isidor Minović
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J Vos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerjan J Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Vahedi P, Rajabzadeh A, Soleimani A. An evaluation of the effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of coronary and aorta arteries in lead-intoxicated rabbits. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221105330. [PMID: 35769490 PMCID: PMC9235302 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lead exposure has destructive effects on some organs. It may
produce a variety of toxic effects on endothelial cells of the
vascular system. Any changes or damages to endothelial cells may
lead to cardiovascular diseases, particularly the formation of
atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to determine
the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid on the endothelium of
coronary and aorta arteries in lead-exposed rabbits. Methods: In this study, 30 white male rabbits of New Zealand race (weighing
about 1.6–2 kg and 5 months old) were used and divided randomly
into three groups: Group 1 (N = 10) that served
as the control and received water and normal diet, Group 2
(N = 10) was exposed to lead acetate
547 ppm (5 mg/L) daily for 40 days, and Group 3
(N = 10) received vitamin C (500 mg/kg)
and underwent the same duration of lead exposure (5 mg/L) daily
for 40 days. The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride,
low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were
measured using spectrophotometry, and the level of blood lead
was calculated using a lead analyzer (Magellan Diagnostics,
USA). The animals were anesthetized by pentobarbital (50 mg/kg).
Subsequently, they were sacrificed, and their thoracic aortas
and coronary arteries were removed. Then fixation, tissue
processing, histological sectioning, and H & E staining were
carried out. Finally, the sections were studied using light
microscopy. The results were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney
test. Results: The results indicated that ascorbic acid could reduce the
destructive effects of lead on vascular endothelial cells and
prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary and
aorta arteries. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of
ascorbic acid against the destructive effects of lead on
vascular endothelial cells. Hence, it could be proposed as a
potential prophylactic treatment for the amelioration of lead
toxicity, prevention of atherosclerosis, and improvement of
endothelial cells dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Asghar Rajabzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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14
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Ranasinghe R, Mathai M, Zulli A. Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol. Biofactors 2022; 48:813-856. [PMID: 35719120 PMCID: PMC9544065 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the tocotrienol group stems from its nutraceutical properties as a dietary supplement. It is largely considered to be safe when consumed at low doses for attenuating pathophysiology as shown by animal models, in vitro assays, and ongoing human trials. Medical researchers and the allied sciences have experimented with tocotrienols for many decades, but its therapeutic potential was limited to adjuvant or concurrent treatment regimens. Recent studies have focused on targeted drug delivery by enhancing the bioavailability through carriers, self-sustained emulsions, nanoparticles, and ethosomes. Epigenetic modulation and computer remodeling are other means that will help increase chemosensitivity. This review will focus on the systemic intracellular anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that are stimulated and/or regulated by tocotrienols while highlighting its potent therapeutic properties in a diverse group of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmali Ranasinghe
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael Mathai
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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15
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Zainal Z, Khaza'ai H, Kutty Radhakrishnan A, Chang SK. Therapeutic potential of palm oil vitamin E-derived tocotrienols in inflammation and chronic diseases: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114175. [PMID: 35151223 PMCID: PMC8813210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species, associated to a diminished capacity of the endogenous systems of the organism to counteract them. Activation of pro-oxidative pathways and boosting of inflammatory cytokines are always encountered in viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. So, the importance of counteracting cytokine storm in COVID-19 pathology is highly important, to hamper the immunogenic damage of the endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants prevent oxidative processes, by impeding radical species generation. It has been proved that vitamin intake lowers oxidative stress markers, alleviates cytokine storm and has a potential role in reducing disease severity, by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines, hampering hyperinflammation and organ failure. For the approached compounds, direct antiviral roles are also discussed in this review, as these activities encompass secretion of antiviral peptides, modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor expression and interaction with spike protein, inactivation of furin protease, or inhibition of pathogen replication by nucleic acid impairment induction. Vitamin administration results in beneficial effects. Nevertheless, timing, dosage and mutual influences of these micronutrients should be carefullly regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Blvd, Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Md Amin NA, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Arshad AH, Abdul Aziz N, Abdul Nasir NA, Ab Latip N. Are Vitamin E Supplementation Beneficial for Female Gynaecology Health and Diseases? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061896. [PMID: 35335260 PMCID: PMC8955126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is known as an essential vitamin, and many studies had demonstrated the importance of vitamin E throughout the reproductive process, such as miscarriage, premature birth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction, which could be caused by a lack of vitamin E during pregnancy. Its potent antioxidant properties can counteract the oxidative stress induced by oxygen free radicals and imbalance of oxidative-antioxidant levels, hence it may play a role in maintaining the normal function of the female reproductive system. Despite the fact that vitamin E is acknowledged as the substance needed for reproduction, its beneficial effects on female fertility, gynaecological health, and diseases are still poorly understood and lacking. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to provide a summary of the known roles of vitamin E supplementation in women for gynaecological health and reproductive-related diseases, as well as its future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amira Md Amin
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Akmal Hisyam Arshad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Norhaslinda Abdul Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Normala Ab Latip
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia;
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18
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Magalingam KB, Somanath SD, Md S, Haleagrahara N, Fu JY, Selvaduray KR, Radhakrishnan AK. Tocotrienols protect differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating dopamine biosynthesis and dopamine receptor D2 gene expression. Nutr Res 2022; 98:27-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Shen CL, Mo H, Dunn DM, Watkins BA. Tocotrienol Supplementation Led to Higher Serum Levels of Lysophospholipids but Lower Acylcarnitines in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 8:766711. [PMID: 35004805 PMCID: PMC8740329 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in postmenopausal women. Herein we evaluated the effects of 12-week tocotrienols (TT) supplementation on serum metabolites in postmenopausal, osteopenic women. Eighty-nine participants (59.7 ± 6.8 yr, BMI 28.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2) were assigned to 3 treatments: placebo (860 mg olive oil/day), 300mg TT (300 mg TT/day), and 600mg TT (600 mg TT/day) for 12 weeks. TT consisted of 90% δ-TT and 10% γ-TT. In this metabolomic study, we evaluated the placebo and 600mgTT at baseline and 12 weeks. As expected, TT and its metabolite levels were higher in the supplemented group after 12 weeks. At baseline, there were no differences in demographic parameters or comprehensive metabolic panels (CMP). Metabolomics analysis of serum samples revealed that 48 biochemicals were higher and 65 were lower in the 600mg TT group at 12 weeks, compared to baseline. The results confirmed higher serum levels of tocotrienols and lysophospholipids, but lower acylcarnitines and catabolites of tryptophan and steroids in subjects given 600mg TT. In summary, 12-week TT supplementation altered many serum metabolite levels in postmenopausal women. The present study supports our previous findings that TT supplementation helps reduce bone loss in postmenopausal osteopenic women by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the body incorporates TT which restructures biomembranes and modifies phospholipid metabolism, a response potentially linked to reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Huanbiao Mo
- Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dale M Dunn
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Bruce A Watkins
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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20
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Ageing, Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk and the Beneficial Role of Natural Components Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010183. [PMID: 35008609 PMCID: PMC8745076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA mutations and increased levels of related damage. Detrimental changes that accumulate in body cells and tissues with time raise the vulnerability to environmental challenges and enhance the risk of major chronic diseases and mortality. There are several theses concerning the mechanisms of ageing: genetic, free radical telomerase, mitochondrial decline, metabolic damage, cellular senescence, neuroendocrine theory, Hay-flick limit and membrane theories, cellular death as well as the accumulation of toxic and non-toxic garbage. Moreover, ageing is associated with structural changes within the myocardium, cardiac conduction system, the endocardium as well as the vasculature. With time, the cardiac structures lose elasticity, and fibrotic changes occur in the heart valves. Ageing is also associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. The results of studies suggest that some natural compounds may slow down this process and protect against age-related diseases. Animal studies imply that some of them may prolong the lifespan; however, this trend is not so obvious in humans.
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21
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Naomi R, Shafie NH, Kaniappan P, Bahari H. An Interactive Review on the Role of Tocotrienols in the Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Nutr 2021; 8:754086. [PMID: 34765631 PMCID: PMC8576197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.754086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, are claimed to be of major concern causing a significant disease burden worldwide. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and nerve damage are the main reasons for the emergence of these diseases. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the common chemical molecule that is formed from all these three interdependent mechanisms which is highly reactive toward the neuronal cells. For these reasons, the administration of tocotrienols (T3s), which is a potent antioxidant, is proven to cater to this problem, through in vitro and in vivo investigations. Interestingly, their therapeutic potentials are not only limited to antioxidant property but also to being able to reverse the neuronal damage and act as a shield for mitochondria dysfunction. Thereby, T3s prevents the damage to the neurons. In regards to this statement, in this review, we focused on summarizing and discussing the potential therapeutic role of T3s on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and their protective mechanisms based on evidence from the in vitro and in vivo studies. However, there is no clinical trial conducted to prove the efficacy of T3s for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's subjects. As such, the therapeutic role of T3s for these neurodegenerative disorders is still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Shafie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Priyatharisni Kaniappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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22
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Szewczyk K, Chojnacka A, Górnicka M. Tocopherols and Tocotrienols-Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6222. [PMID: 34207571 PMCID: PMC8227182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers' interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Szewczyk
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chojnacka
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górnicka
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Potential Effects of Melatonin and Micronutrients on Mitochondrial Dysfunction during a Cytokine Storm Typical of Oxidative/Inflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020030. [PMID: 33919780 PMCID: PMC8167770 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated oxidative stress and hyper-inflammation are essential features of oxidative/inflammatory diseases. Simultaneously, both processes may be the cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, thus establishing a vicious cycle among these three factors. However, several natural substances, including melatonin and micronutrients, may prevent or attenuate mitochondrial damage and may preserve an optimal state of health by managing the general oxidative and inflammatory status. This review aims to describe the crucial role of mitochondria in the development and progression of multiple diseases as well as the close relationship among mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Likewise, it attempts to summarize the main findings related to the powerful effects of melatonin and some micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), which may be useful (alone or in combination) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several examples of oxidative/inflammatory pathologies, including sepsis, as well as cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.
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24
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Dietary Annatto-Extracted Tocotrienol Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and Improves Macronutrient Metabolism in Obese Mice: A Metabolic Profiling Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041267. [PMID: 33924335 PMCID: PMC8069008 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related complications are a world-wide health problem. Dietary tocotrienols (TT) have been shown to improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders, such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and gut dysbiosis. This study examined the hypothesis that the antioxidant capacity of TT alters metabolites of oxidative stress and improves systemic metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD control) or HFD supplemented with 800 mg annatto-extracted TT/kg (HFD+TT800) for 14 weeks. Sera from obese mice were examined by non-targeted metabolite analysis using UHPLC/MS. Compared to the HFD group, the HFD+TT800 group had higher levels of serum metabolites, essential amino acids (lysine and methionine), sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and vitamins (pantothenate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, and retinol). TT-treated mice had lowered levels of serum metabolites, dicarboxylic fatty acids, and inflammatory/oxidative stress markers (trimethylamine N-oxide, kynurenate, 12,13-DiHOME, and 13-HODE + 9-HODE) compared to the control. The results suggest that TT supplementation lowered inflammation and oxidative stress (oxidized glutathione and GSH/GSSH) and improved macronutrient metabolism (carbohydrates) in obese mice. Thus, TT actions on metabolites were beneficial in reducing obesity-associated hypercholesterolemia/hyperglycemia. The effects of a non-toxic dose of TT in mice support the potential for clinical applications in obesity and metabolic disease.
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25
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Bio-Guided Fractionation of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Fruit and Interactions of Compounds with First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products with antimycobacterial adjuvant potential may be utilized to address the rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The antioxidant-rich oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit (OPF) was investigated for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Ra using bio-guided fractionation techniques, followed by determination of fractional inhibition index (FIC) with first-line anti-TB drugs. In vitro screening using microplate Alamar blue assay showed n-hexane and chloroform partitions of OPF mesocarp had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400–800 µg/mL. The n-hexane fraction contained nonanoic acid (C9H18O2), decanoic acid (C10H20O2), and dodecanoic acid (C12H24O2), identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which all had an MIC of 50 µg/mL. Nonanoic and decanoic acids had additive effects when combined with streptomycin (FIC index: 0.625) and rifampicin (FIC index: 0.75), respectively. Isoniazid had a 16-fold increase in activity when combined with nonanoic acid and decanoic acid. The combination of nonanoic acid with streptomycin was bactericidal to 99.9% of MTB H37Ra by Day 7 of the time-kill assay, with structural damage of the cell wall observed using electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity assessment using Vero cells confirmed nonanoic acid had low toxicity with LC50 of > 200 µg/mL. The bio-guided fractionation of OPF shows the presence of fatty acids with anti-TB adjuvant potential.
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26
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Abstract
Tocols are present in various foods, mostly in fruits and in plant seeds. Edible oils are the most important natural dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered beneficial for their antioxidant effect which impacts on prevention of different health conditions. This perspective is addressed to give an updated picture of the tocol occurrence in foods. Moreover, the current state of the art of tocols in updated databases is explored and commented outlining their importance and future trends.
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27
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Al-Baiaty FDR, Ismail A, Abdul Latiff Z, Muhammad Nawawi KN, Raja Ali RA, Mokhtar NM. Possible Hepatoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Vitamin E in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:667247. [PMID: 34307250 PMCID: PMC8295474 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.667247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide health concern among the pediatric population. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing rapidly, alongside the high prevalence of obesity. NAFLD refers to a multifactorial disorder that includes simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or devoid of fibrosis. NAFLD is regarded as a systemic disorder that influences glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism with hepatic manifestations. A sedentary lifestyle and poor choice of food remain the major contributors to the disease. Prompt and timely diagnosis of NAFLD among overweight children is crucial to prevent the progression of the condition. Yet, there has been no approved pharmacological treatment for NAFLD in adults or children. As indicated by clinical evidence, lifestyle modification plays a vital role as a primary form of therapy for managing and treating NAFLD. Emphasis is on the significance of caloric restriction, particularly macronutrients (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) in altering the disease consequences. A growing number of studies are now focusing on establishing a link between vitamins and NAFLD. Different types of vitamin supplements have been shown to be effective in treating NAFLD. In this review, we elaborate on the potential role of vitamin E with a high content of tocotrienol as a therapeutic alternative in treating NAFLD in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah D R Al-Baiaty
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aziana Ismail
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Abdul Latiff
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Najmi Muhammad Nawawi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Di Lena G, Sanchez del Pulgar J, Lombardi Boccia G, Casini I, Ferrari Nicoli S. Corn Bioethanol Side Streams: A Potential Sustainable Source of Fat-Soluble Bioactive Molecules for High-Value Applications. Foods 2020; 9:E1788. [PMID: 33276511 PMCID: PMC7760800 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports data from a characterization study conducted on the unsaponifiable lipid fraction of dry-grind corn bioethanol side streams. Phytosterols, squalene, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and carotenoids were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) and Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in different lots of post-fermentation corn oil and thin stillage collected from a bioethanol plant over a time-span of one year. Fat-soluble bioactives were present at high levels in corn oil, with a prevalence of plant sterols over tocols and squalene. Beta-sitosterol and sitostanol accounted altogether for more than 60% of total sterols. The carotenoid profile was that typical of corn, with lutein and zeaxanthin as the prevalent molecules. The unsaponifiable lipid fraction profile of thin stillage was qualitatively similar to that of post-fermentation corn oil but, in quantitative terms, the amounts of valuable biomolecules were much lower because of the very high dilution of this side stream. Results indicate that post-fermentation corn oil is a promising and sustainable source of health-promoting bioactive molecules. The concomitant presence of a variegate complex of bioactive molecules with high antioxidant potentialities and their potential multifaceted market applications as functional ingredients for food, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical formulations, make the perspective of their recovery a promising strategy to create new bio-based value chains and maximize the sustainability of corn dry-grind bioethanol biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Di Lena
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (J.S.d.P.); (G.L.B.); (I.C.); (S.F.N.)
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29
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Regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress by tocotrienol in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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30
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Ghodsi R, Nosrati R. Effects of Minor Compounds of Edible Oils on Human Health. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316666200203121034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Oils and fats are the densest sources of food energy among food groups.
Vegetable oils are constituted predominantly of triglycerides. Due to the importance of edible oils in
nutrition, food industry and human health, great attention has been paid to them in recent years.
Some minor bioactive constituents in oils include phospholipids, tocols, sterols, carotenoid, chlorophyll,
phenols, phylokynon and terpenes.
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to examine beneficial effects of minor compounds in edible oils on human health.
Results: Minor compounds of edible oils that we use daily can produce remarkable results in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, cancer, allergy and central nervous system disorders due to their antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-mutagenic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties, among others.
Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that the presence of beneficial minor compounds in oils could have significant impact on the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, the type of consumed oil can play an important role in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ghodsi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahmat Nosrati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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31
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Wong SK, Kamisah Y, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Masbah N, Mohd Fahami NA, Mohamed IN, Shuid AN, Mohd Saad Q, Abdullah A, Mohamad NV, Ibrahim NI, Pang KL, Chow YY, Thong BKS, Subramaniam S, Chan CY, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2020; 12:E259. [PMID: 31963885 PMCID: PMC7019837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.K.W.); (Y.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.A.M.F.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.S.); (Q.M.S.); (A.A.); (N.-V.M.); (N.I.I.); (K.-L.P.); (Y.Y.C.); (B.K.S.T.); (S.S.); (C.Y.C.); (S.I.-N.)
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32
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Eid RA, Al-Shraim M, Zaki MS, Kamar SS, Abdel Latif NS, Negm S, Al-Ani B, Haidara MA. Vitamin E protects against monosodium glutamate-induced acute liver injury and hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 43:199-208. [PMID: 31599191 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1673860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sa. Zaki
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samaa S. Kamar
- Departments of Medical HistologyKasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha S. Abdel Latif
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally Negm
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Mahail Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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33
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Lifetime cardiovascular risk is associated with a multimarker score of systemic oxidative status in young adults independently of traditional risk factors. Transl Res 2019; 212:54-66. [PMID: 31295436 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk (CVR) tends to be estimated in the short-term, which underestimates lifetime (LT)-CVR of young subjects. We determined whether LT-CVR is associated with a multimarker score of oxidative status in young adults and whether this association is independent of traditional CVR factors. Seventy-two young adults were stratified into: (1) low or (2) high LT-CVR, and (3) stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). CVR was estimated with QRisk and atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) risk estimators, or second manifestations of arterial disease (SMART). Risk score. oxidative damage was determined by measuring carbonyls, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and xanthine oxidase activity. Antioxidant defence was determined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Multimarker scores of systemic oxidative damage (OxyScore) and antioxidant defence (AntioxyScore) were computed as standardized variables. Subjects with high LT-CVR had significantly higher levels of oxLDL, 8-OHdG, TAC, and CAT activity than subjects with low LT-CVR or with SCAD. QRisk and ASCVD estimators correlated positively with oxLDL, TAC, and CAT activity, while SMART Risk Score correlated with carbonyls and SOD activity. OxyScore and AntioxyScore were significantly higher in subjects with high LT-CVR than with low LT-CVR or with SCAD. OxyScore, but not AntioxyScore, was associated with LT-CVR independently of each traditional CVR factor. This study for the first time demonstrates a positive association between oxidative stress and the risk of first and recurrent CV events in young adults.
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34
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Xiang N, Li C, Li G, Yu Y, Hu J, Guo X. Comparative Evaluation on Vitamin E and Carotenoid Accumulation in Sweet Corn ( Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Temperature Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9772-9781. [PMID: 31398019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the response profiles of vitamin E and carotenoids on transcription and metabolic levels of sweet corn seedlings under temperature stress. The treated temperatures were set as 10 °C (low temperature, LT), 25 °C (control, CK), and 40 °C (high temperature, HT) for sweet corn seedlings. The gene expression profiles of vitamin E and carotenoids biosynthesis pathways were analyzed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the composition profiles were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that vitamin E gradually accumulated in response to LT stress but was limited by HT stress. The increase of carotenoids was suppressed by LT stress whereas HT stress promoted it. The existing results elaborated the interactive and competitive relationships of vitamin E and carotenoids in sweet corn seedlings to respond to extreme temperature stress at transcriptional and metabolic levels. The present study would improve sweet corn temperature resilience with integrative knowledge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Gaoke Li
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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35
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Pandya JK, DeBonee M, Corradini MG, Camire ME, McClements DJ, Kinchla AJ. Development of vitamin E‐enriched functional foods: stability of tocotrienols in food systems. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janam K. Pandya
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts 100 Holdsworth Way Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Maryssa DeBonee
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts 100 Holdsworth Way Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Maria G. Corradini
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts 100 Holdsworth Way Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Mary Ellen Camire
- School of Food and Agriculture University of Maine 5735 Hitchner Hall Orono ME 04469‐5735 USA
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts 100 Holdsworth Way Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Amanda J. Kinchla
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts 100 Holdsworth Way Amherst MA 01003 USA
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36
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Hassan WN, Bin-Jaliah I, Haidara MA, Eid RA, Heidar EHA, Dallak M, Al-Ani B. Vitamin E ameliorates alterations to the articular cartilage of knee joints induced by monoiodoacetate and diabetes mellitus in rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 43:126-134. [PMID: 31177887 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1627446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported an animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by a combination of the chondrocyte glycolysis inhibitor, monoiodoacetate (MIA) and the agent that induces diabetes mellitus, streptozotocin (STZ). Here we investigated the potential protective effect of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, vitamin E against MIA+STZ-induced OA. Therefore, rats were either injected once with MIA (2 mg/50 μL) + 65 mg/kg STZ before being sacrificed after 8 weeks (model group) or were treated immediately after MIA+STZ injections with vitamin E (600 mg/kg; thrice a week) before being sacrificed after 8 weeks (treatment group). Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy examinations, we observed in the model group a substantial damage to the articular cartilage of the knee joint as demonstrated by the destruction of the chondrocytes, territorial matrix, disrupted lacunae, collagen fibers, and profound chondrocyte ultrastructural alterations such as degenerated chondrocyte, irregular cytoplasmic membrane, damaged mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuolated cytoplasm, presence of lipid droplets and different sizes of lysosomes, which were substantially but not completely protected by vitamin E. H&E stained sections of knee joint articular cartilage showed that MIA+STZ induced damage to the chondrocyte and territorial matrix. Vitamin E also significantly (p < .05) inhibited MIA+STZ-induced blood levels of the inflammatory biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) that are known to be modulated in OA and diabetes. We conclude that vitamin E protects against MIA+STZ-induced knee joints injuries in rats, which is associated with the inhibition of biomarkers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed N Hassan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - El Hassan A Heidar
- Department of Anatomy, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Dallak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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37
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Hamilton DE, Jensen GS. Pain reduction and improved vascular health associated with daily consumption of an anti-inflammatory dietary supplement blend. J Pain Res 2019; 12:1497-1508. [PMID: 31190960 PMCID: PMC6526776 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s189064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The objective for this clinical pilot study was to evaluate changes to chronic pain, vascular health, and inflammatory markers when consuming a dietary supplement blend (DSB, CytoQuel®), containing curcumin, resveratrol, tocotrienols, N-Acetylcysteine, and epigallocatechin gallate. Materials and methods: An open-label study design was used where 21 study participants were evaluated at baseline and at 2 and 8 weeks after consuming DSB. Participants were randomized to consume 3 capsules once daily versus 2 capsules twice daily. Pain and activities of daily living questionnaires were used to gather subjective data on pain levels and interference with daily living. Blood pressure was measured in both arms and ankles, and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) calculated. Blood samples were used to evaluate markers associated with inflammation and cardiovascular health. Results: Highly significant reduction of chronic pain was seen after 8 weeks (p<0.01), both at rest and when physically active. Faster improvement was seen when consuming 3 capsules once daily, compared to 2 capsules twice daily. The pain reduction resulted in improved sleep quality (p<0.1), and improved social functioning (p<0.01), and less need for support from others (p<0.05), Normalization of mildly elevated ABI at study start was seen after 2 weeks. Plasma fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) showed reduction after 2 weeks (not significant), whereas a reduction in serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-a (IL-1ra) was statistically significant after 2 weeks (p<0.05). Correlation between pain reduction and changes to MMP-9 after 8 weeks was highly significant (P<0.01), whereas correlation between pain reduction and changes to IL-1ra reached significance at 2 weeks for the group consuming 3 caps once daily (p<0.04). Conclusion: Consuming DSB helped manage pain, increased comfort during daily activities, and improved vascular function. This was associated with selective effects on specific blood biomarkers associated with inflammation and vascular health.
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Sozen E, Demirel T, Ozer NK. Vitamin E: Regulatory role in the cardiovascular system. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:507-515. [PMID: 30779288 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, all around the world. Vitamin E is an important nutrient influencing key cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as gene expression regulation centrally involved in the prevention of CVD. Cell culture and animal studies have focused on the identification of vitamin E regulated signaling pathways and involvement on inflammation, lipid homeostasis, and atherosclerotic plaque stability. While some of these vitamin E functions were verified in clinical trials, some of the positive effects were not translated into beneficial outcomes in epidemiological studies. In recent years, the physiological metabolites of vitamin E, including the liver derived (long- and short-chain) metabolites and phosphorylated (α-, γ-tocopheryl phosphate) forms, have also provided novel mechanistic insight into CVD regulation that expands beyond the vitamin E precursor. It is certain that this emerging insight into the molecular and cellular action of vitamin E will help to design further studies, either in animal models or clinical trials, on the reduction of risk for CVDs. This review focuses on vitamin E-mediated preventive cardiovascular effects and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of action of vitamin E metabolites in CVD. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):507-515, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Miyazawa T, Burdeos GC, Itaya M, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. Vitamin E: Regulatory Redox Interactions. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:430-441. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Miyazawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Gregor C. Burdeos
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Metabolic Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Mayuko Itaya
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe); Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
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Kottuparambil S, Thankamony RL, Agusti S. Euglena as a potential natural source of value-added metabolites. A review. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Malavolta M, Pierpaoli E, Giacconi R, Basso A, Cardelli M, Piacenza F, Provinciali M. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tocotrienols in Age-related Pathologies: A SASPected Involvement of Cellular Senescence. Biol Proced Online 2018; 20:22. [PMID: 30479579 PMCID: PMC6247629 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-018-0087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols (T3) have been shown to represent a very important part of the vitamin E family since they have opened new opportunities to prevent or treat a multitude of age-related chronic diseases. The beneficial effects of T3 include the amelioration of lipid profile, the promotion of Nrf2 mediated cytoprotective activity and the suppression of inflammation. All these effects may be the consequence of the ability of T3 to target multiple pathways. We here propose that these effects may be the result of a single target of T3, namely senescent cells. Indeed, T3 may act by a direct suppression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) produced by senescent cells, mediated by inhibition of NF-kB and mTOR, or may potentially remove the origin of the SASP trough senolysis (selective death of senescent cells). Further studies addressed to investigate the impact of T3 on cellular senescence “in vitro” as well as in experimental models of age-related diseases “in vivo” are clearly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Pierpaoli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
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Zhang Y, Li M, Li X, Zhang T, Qin M, Ren L. Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Indole Alkaloids Attenuate Aortic Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:602. [PMID: 29922166 PMCID: PMC5996168 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have attempted to relate the bioactive alkaloid with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases prevention in animal models, providing inconsistent results. Moreover, the direct anti-atherosclerotic effects of alkaloid have hardly been studied in patients. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the reported effects of alkaloids on aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mouse models. Methods: Pubmed and Embase were searched to identify studies which estimated the effect of isolated alkaloids on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Study quality was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. We conducted a meta-analysis across 14 studies using a random-effect model to determine the overall effect of the alkaloids, and performed subgroup analyses to compare the effects of the isoquinolone alkaloids and indole alkaloids. Results: The quality of the included studies was low in the majority of included studies. We clarified that alkaloid administration was significantly associated with reduced aortic atherosclerotic lesion area (SMD −3.19, 95% CI −3.88, −2.51). It is important to remark that the experimental characteristics of studies were quite diverse, and the methodological variability could also contribute to heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses suggested that the isoquinoline alkaloids (SMD −4.19, 95% CI −5.18, −3.20), and the indole alkaloids (SMD −2.73, 95% CI −3.56, −1.90) obviously decreased atherosclerotic burden. Conclusion: Isoquinoline alkaloids and indole alkaloids appear to have a direct anti-atherosclerotic effect in ApoE−/− mice. Besides the limitations of animal modal studies, this systematic review could provide an important reference for future preclinical animal trials of good quality and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Ren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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