1
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Bernasconi R, Kuster GM. Non-coding RNAs and their potential exploitation in cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38802331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy in cancer patients has been extended in recent years, thanks to major breakthroughs in therapeutic developments. However, this also unmasked an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors, which is in part attributable to cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received much appreciation due to their impact on gene expression. NcRNAs, which include microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, are non-protein-coding transcripts that are involved in the regulation of various biological processes, hence shaping cell identity and behaviour. They have also been implicated in disease development, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and, more recently, cancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity. This review outlines key features of cancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity, what is known about the roles of ncRNAs in these processes and how ncRNAs could be exploited as therapeutic targets for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bernasconi
- Myocardial Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Myocardial Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Li NN, Lun DX, Gong N, Meng G, Du XY, Wang H, Bao X, Li XY, Song JW, Hu K, Li L, Li SY, Liu W, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Li J, Yao T, Mou L, Han X, Hao F, Hu Y, Liu L, Zhu H, Wu Y, Liu B. Targeting the chromatin structural changes of antitumor immunity. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100905. [PMID: 38665224 PMCID: PMC11043877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes, promoting the onset and progression of cancer. Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks, tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes, which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy, cancer immunotherapy, and their combinations. Herein, we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification, and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity, and introduce these epigenetic research methods. We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immunotherapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-nian Li
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deng-xing Lun
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Ningning Gong
- Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Xin-ying Du
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - He Wang
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xiangxiang Bao
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xin-yang Li
- Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Ji-wu Song
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Kewei Hu
- Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Lala Li
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Si-ying Li
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Wanping Zhu
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Jikai Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300299, China
| | - Ting Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Teda Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Leming Mou
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Han
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Furong Hao
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yuyun Wu
- Xinqiao Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Teda Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
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3
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Liu T, Feng YL, Wang RY, Yang S, Ge YL, Zhang TY, Li J, Li CY, Ruan Y, Luo B, Liang GY. Long-term MNNG exposure promotes gastric carcinogenesis by activating METTL3/m6A/miR1184 axis-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169752. [PMID: 38163601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the representative item of environmental chemical carcinogen, MNNG was closely associated with the onset of Gastric cancer (GC), while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the potential clinical significance of METTL3 in multiple GC patient cohorts. Additionally, we demonstrated that long-term exposure to MNNG elevated METTL3 and EMT marker expression by in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, the depletion of METTL3 impacted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of MNNG malignant transformation cells and GC cells. By me-RIP sequencing, we identified a panel of vital miRNAs potentially regulated by METTL3 that aberrantly expressed in MNNG-induced GC cells. Mechanistically, we showed that METTL3 meditated miR-1184/TRPM2 axis by regulating the process of miRNA-118. Our results provide novel insights into critical epigenetic molecular events vital to MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic targets of METTL3 for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan-Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui-Ying Wang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi-Ling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ge-Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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4
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Forster S, Radpour R, Ochsenbein AF. Molecular and immunological mechanisms of clonal evolution in multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243997. [PMID: 37744361 PMCID: PMC10516567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). It is known that early genetic mutations in post-germinal center B/plasma cells are the cause of myelomagenesis. The acquisition of additional chromosomal abnormalities and distinct mutations further promote the outgrowth of malignant plasma cell populations that are resistant to conventional treatments, finally resulting in relapsed and therapy-refractory terminal stages of MM. In addition, myeloma cells are supported by autocrine signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of diverse cell types such as stromal cells, immune cells, and components of the extracellular matrix. The TME provides essential signals and stimuli that induce proliferation and/or prevent apoptosis. In particular, the molecular pathways by which MM cells interact with the TME are crucial for the development of MM. To generate successful therapies and prevent MM recurrence, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive MM progression and therapy resistance is essential. In this review, we summarize key mechanisms that promote myelomagenesis and drive the clonal expansion in the course of MM progression such as autocrine signaling cascades, as well as direct and indirect interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells. In addition, we highlight drug-resistance mechanisms and emerging therapies that are currently tested in clinical trials to overcome therapy-refractory MM stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F. Ochsenbein
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Yehia AM, Elsakka EGE, Abulsoud AI, Abdelmaksoud NM, Elshafei A, Elkhawaga SY, Ismail A, Mokhtar MM, El-Mahdy HA, Hegazy M, Elballal MS, Mohammed OA, El-Husseiny HM, Midan HM, El-Dakroury WA, Zewail MB, Abdel Mageed SS, Moustafa YM, Mostafa RM, Elkady MA, Doghish AS. Decoding the role of miRNAs in multiple myeloma pathogenesis: A focus on signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154715. [PMID: 37517169 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells that has been extensively studied in recent years, with researchers increasingly focusing on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating gene expression in MM. Several non-coding RNAs have been demonstrated to regulate MM pathogenesis signaling pathways. These pathways might regulate MM development, apoptosis, progression, and therapeutic outcomes. They are Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, P53 and KRAS. This review highlights the impending role of miRNAs in MM signaling and their relationship with MM therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt; Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Moataz B Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Elkady
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
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6
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Qian K, Xu W, Xia X, Ding J. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications facilitate mir-25-3p maturation to promote gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) progression. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1519-1530. [PMID: 36040683 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, which plays a critical role in micorRNA (miRNAs) processing and maturation, but it is still unclear whether METTL3 regulated miRNAs participates in the regulation of cancer aggressiveness in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate this issue, and uncover the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS the expression of METTL3 in GISTs tissues and cell lines were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by colony formation, CCK-8 and Transwell. The mRNA expression of all proteins was detected by RT-qPCR, and tumor xenograft study was applied to confirm the effect of METTL3 on GISTs development in vivo. RESULTS In our study, we showed that METTL3 was significantly upregulated in GISTs tissues and cell lines. Functional experiments demonstrated that overexpression of METTL3 promoted GISTs cell malignant biological behavior and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, and conversely, silencing of METTL3 had opposite effects and suppressed GISTs progression. Further mechanistical experiments verified that METTL3 promoted the maturation of miR-25-3p in an m6A-dependent manner. Similar to METTL3, miR-25-3p was also validated as an oncogene to promote cancer development in GISTs. Finally, our rescuing experiments hinted that silencing of miR-25-3p abrogated the tumor-initiating effects of METTL3 overexpression on GISTs. CONCLUSION Collectively, those results indicated that METTL3 played an oncogenic role in GISTs through positively modulating the miR-25-3p in an m6A-dependent manner, and we firstly discussed how the METTL3/m6A/miR-25-3p axis affected GISTs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Shangrao People's Hospital, 334000, Shangrao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Colorectal Tumor Minimally Invasive Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyao Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Shangrao People's Hospital, 334000, Shangrao, China
| | - Jinhuo Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shangrao People's Hospital, 334000, Shangrao, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Shangrao People's Hospital, No. 86 Shuyuan Road, 334000, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province Shangrao, China.
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Ng CX, Affendi MM, Chong PP, Lee SH. The Potential of Plant-Derived Extracts and Compounds to Augment Anticancer Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3058-3076. [PMID: 35675271 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2069274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts comprise a complex mixture of natural compounds with diverse biological activities including anticancer activities. This has made the use of plant extracts a trending strategy in cancer treatment. In addition, plants' active constituents such as polyphenols could confer protective effects on normal cells against damage by free radicals as well as lessen the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Recently, many emerging studies revealed the combinatory uses of plant extracts and individual therapeutic compounds that could be a promising panacea in hampering multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Besides enhancing the therapeutic efficacy, this has also been proven to reduce the dosage of chemotherapeutic drugs used, and hence overcome multiple drug resistance and minimize treatment side effects. Notably, combined use of plant extracts with chemotherapeutics drugs was shown to enhance anticancer effects through modulating various signaling pathways, such as P13K/AKT, NF-κB, JNK, ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and many more. Hence, this review aims to comprehensively summarize both In Vitro and In Vivo mechanisms of actions of well-studied plant extracts, such as Ganoderma Lucidum, Korean red ginseng, Garcinia sp., curcumin, and luteolin extracts in augmenting anticancer properties of the conventional chemotherapeutic drugs from an extensive literature search of recent publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muzaira Mazrul Affendi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Xu A, Zhang J, Zuo L, Yan H, Chen L, Zhao F, Fan F, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yin X, Cheng Q, Gao S, Deng J, Mei H, Huang Z, Sun C, Hu Y. FTO promotes multiple myeloma progression by posttranscriptional activation of HSF1 in an m 6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1104-1118. [PMID: 34915192 PMCID: PMC8899603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most pervasive internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA, plays a crucial role in various cancers, but its role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis has not yet been investigated. In this study, we revealed significantly decreased m6A methylation in plasma cells (PCs) from MM patients and showed that the abnormal m6A level resulted mainly from upregulation of the demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that FTO plays a tumor-promoting and pro-metastatic role in MM. Combined m6A and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and subsequent validation and functional studies identified heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) as a functional target of FTO-mediated m6A modification. FTO significantly promotes MM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HSF1/HSPs in a YTHDF2-dependent manner. FTO inhibition, especially when combined with bortezomib (BTZ) treatment, synergistically inhibited myeloma bone tumor formation and extramedullary spread in NOD-Prkdcem26Cd52il2rgem26Cd22/Nju (NCG) mice. We demonstrated the functional importance of m6A demethylase FTO in MM progression, especially in promoting extramedullary myeloma (EMM) formation, and proposed the FTO-HSF1/HSP axis as a potential novel therapeutic target in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoshuang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiasi Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liping Zuo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuejiao Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qianwen Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Su Gao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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9
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Ma H, Shen L, Yang H, Gong H, Du X. Circular RNA circPSAP functions as an efficient miR-331-3p sponge to regulate proliferation, apoptosis and bortezomib sensitivity of human multiple myeloma cells by upregulating HDAC4. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 149:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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10
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Das S, Juliana N, Yazit NAA, Azmani S, Abu IF. Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031649. [PMID: 35163567 PMCID: PMC8836148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease. The disease is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM accounts for 1.3% of all malignancies and has been increasing in incidence all over the world. Various genetic abnormalities, mutations, and translocation, including epigenetic modifications, are known to contribute to the disease’s pathophysiology. The prognosis is good if detected early, or else the outcome is very bad if distant metastasis has already occurred. Conventional treatment with drugs poses a challenge when there is drug resistance. In the present review, we discuss multiple myeloma and its treatment, drug resistance, the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation, the role of natural products in epigenetic regulators, diet, physical activity, addiction, and environmental pollutants, which may be beneficial for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; (N.A.A.Y.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Noor Anisah Abu Yazit
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; (N.A.A.Y.); (S.A.)
| | - Sahar Azmani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; (N.A.A.Y.); (S.A.)
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Selangor, Malaysia;
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11
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Li J, Guo S, Sun Z, Fu Y. Noncoding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808591. [PMID: 35174150 PMCID: PMC8841737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tracts and a model for the targeted therapy of solid tumors because of the oncogenic driver mutations in KIT and PDGDRA genes, which could be effectively inhibited by the very first targeted agent, imatinib mesylate. Most of the GIST patients could benefit a lot from the targeted treatment of this receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, more than 50% of the patients developed resistance within 2 years after imatinib administration, limiting the long-term effect of imatinib. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the non-protein coding transcripts of human, were demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the resistance of various chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of how ncRNAs functioning on the drug resistance in GIST. During the drug resistance of GIST, there were five regulating mechanisms where the functions of ncRNAs concentrated: oxidative phosphorylation, autophagy, apoptosis, drug target changes, and some signaling pathways. Also, these effects of ncRNAs in drug resistance were divided into two aspects. How ncRNAs regulate drug resistance in GIST was further summarized according to ncRNA types, different drugs and categories of resistance. Moreover, clinical applications of these ncRNAs in GIST chemotherapies concentrated on the prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuning Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Fu, ; Zhenqiang Sun,
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12
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Singh S, Jain K, Sharma R, Singh J, Paul D. Epigenetic Modifications in Myeloma: Focused Review of Current Data and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiple myeloma is a common hematologic malignancy with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 population and is characterized by a nearly 100% risk of relapse, necessitating treatment with newer therapeutic agents at each instance of progression. However, use of newer agents is often precluded by cost and accessibility in a resource-constrained setting. Description of newer pathways of disease pathogenesis potentially provides opportunities for identification of therapeutic targets and a better understanding of disease biology. Identification of epigenetic changes in myeloma is an emerging premise, with several pathways contributing to pathogenesis and progression of disease. Greater understanding of epigenetic alterations provides opportunities to detect several targetable enzymes or pathways that can be of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvir Singh
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kunal Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rintu Sharma
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Paul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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13
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Huang Q, Li B, Lin C, Chen X, Wang T, Liu J, Liu Y, Lu R, Liao S, Ding X. MicroRNA sequence analysis of plasma exosomes in early Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110184. [PMID: 34740784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) has not been fully elucidated, and studies on epigenetic changes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of LCPD are rare. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic modifications that play a critical role in gene regulation. This study aimed to determine the expression profiles of circulating exosomal miRNAs and examine the role of exosomal miRNAs in LCPD. Exosomes were extracted from the plasma of three patients with LCPD and three matched healthy volunteers. Total exosomal miRNAs were isolated, and next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic approaches were performed. The top 10 most differentially upregulated miRNAs were identified, and qRT-PCR validation was performed using additional 10 matches. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, plasma exosomes were used in verifying osteoclastogenesis and the endothelial dysfunction phenotypes involved. The elevated miRNAs in LCPD plasma exosomes were tested for osteoclastogenesis and endothelial dysfunction in vitro. Sequencing results revealed the expression profiles of plasma exosomal miRNAs with differential expression from the DESeq-identified miRNA profiles in LCPD versus controls in a pairwise comparison. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the predicted target genes of different miRNAs were mainly enriched in the endothelial and osteoclast cells related to signaling pathways. Functional phenotype experiments showed that the plasma exosomes in the LCPD group promoted osteoclastogenesis and endothelial cell dysfunction. qRT-PCR experiments showed that nine miRNAs in circulating exosomes in LCPD patients were higher than those in the healthy controls. miR-3133, miR-4644, miR-4693-3p, and miR-4693-5p promoted endothelial dysfunction, and miR-3133, miR-4693-3p, miR-4693-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-30a promoted osteoclastogenesis in vitro. This study demonstrated that plasma exosomes from LCPD promote endothelial cell dysfunction and osteoclastogenesis likely through their miRNAs, which might contribute to the development of LCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Boxiang Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengsen Lin
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianxiang Chen
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongbin Lu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaofei Ding
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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14
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Chen J, Gu J, Tang M, Liao Z, Tang R, Zhou L, Su M, Jiang J, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q, Xiong W, Zhou J, Tang Y, Nie S. Regulation of cancer progression by circRNA and functional proteins. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:373-388. [PMID: 34676546 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closed back-splicing products of precursor mRNA in eukaryotes. Compared with linear mRNAs, circRNAs have a special structure and stable expression. A large number of studies have provided different regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in tumors. Challenges exist in understanding the control of circRNAs because of their sequence overlap with linear mRNA. Here, we survey the most recent progress regarding the regulation of circRNA biogenesis by RNA-binding proteins, one of the vital functional proteins. Furthermore, substantial circRNAs exert compelling biological roles by acting as protein sponges, by being translated themselves or regulating posttranslational modifications of proteins. This review will help further explore more types of functional proteins that interact with circRNA in cancer and reveal other unknown mechanisms of circRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mengtian Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianqing Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbin Hu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongyi Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jumei Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaolin Nie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Kazemi A, Abroun S, Soleimani M. AntagomiR-19a Induced Better Responsiveness to Bortezomib in Myeloma Cell Lines. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:503-509. [PMID: 34837676 PMCID: PMC8588822 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma (MM) is the clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells in the bone marrow. Although bortezomib (BTZ) is a crucial drug for the treatment of MM, drug resistance is a major problem. OncomiR-19a plays an oncogenic role in many cancers, including MM; however, the function of miR-19a in the pathogenesis of MM and drug resistance has not been completely identified. The present research aims to investigate the inhibition of miR-19a by an antagomir to determine BTZ responsiveness, and determine if miR-19a can be a prognostic biomarker for MM. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, viability and apoptosis of myeloma cells were analysed by the colorimetric 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was implemented to evaluate the expression levels of miR-19a, its targets SOCS3, STAT3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), PTEN and CDKN1A (antiapoptotic and cell cycle related genes) at the mRNA level. RESULTS miR-19a was downregulated and exacerbated in transfected cells treated with BTZ. The rate of apoptosis in the myeloma cells after BTZ treatment considerably increased, which indicated an increase in the mRNA of SOCS3, PTEN, BCL-2, and CDKN1. A decrease in STAT3 was also observed. CONCLUSION OncomiR-19a, as a biomarker, may induce better responsiveness to BTZ in myeloma cell lines through its targets SOCS3, STAT3 and PTEN. In the future, this biomarker may provide new therapeutic targets for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Abroun
- P.O.Box: 14115-111Department of Haematology and Blood BankingFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat
Modares UniversityTehranIran
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16
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Corrao G, Zaffaroni M, Bergamaschi L, Augugliaro M, Volpe S, Pepa M, Bonizzi G, Pece S, Amodio N, Mistretta FA, Luzzago S, Musi G, Alessi S, La Fauci FM, Tordonato C, Tosoni D, Cattani F, Gandini S, Petralia G, Pravettoni G, De Cobelli O, Viale G, Orecchia R, Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Exploring miRNA Signature and Other Potential Biomarkers for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer Characterization: The Biological Challenge behind Clinical Practice. A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133278. [PMID: 34208918 PMCID: PMC8267686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The oligometastatic prostate cancer state is defined as the presence of a number of lesions ≤ 5 and has been significantly correlated with better survival if compared to a number of metastases > 5. In particular, patients in an oligometastatic setting could benefit from a metastates directed therapy, which could control the disease delaying the start of systemic therapies. For this reason, the selection of true-oligometastatic patients who could benefit from such approach is particularly important in this setting. The aim of the present narrative review is to report the current state of the art on the liquid biopsy-derived analytes and their reliability as biomarkers in the clinics for the identification of true-oligometastatic patients. This kind of molecular profiling could refine current developments in the era of precision oncology allowing patients’ stratification and leading to more refined therapeutic strategies. Abstract In recent years, a growing interest has been directed towards oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC), as patients with three to five metastatic lesions have shown a significantly better survival as compared with those harboring a higher number of lesions. The efficacy of local ablative treatments directed on metastatic lesions (metastases-directed treatments) was extensively investigated, with the aim of preventing further disease progression and delaying the start of systemic androgen deprivation therapies. Definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer is traditionally based on histopathological analysis. Nevertheless, a bioptic sample—static in nature—inevitably fails to reflect the dynamics of the tumor and its biological response due to the dynamic selective pressure of cancer therapies, which can profoundly influence spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Furthermore, even with new imaging technologies allowing an increasingly early detection, the diagnosis of oligometastasis is currently based exclusively on radiological investigations. Given these premises, the development of minimally-invasive liquid biopsies was recently promoted and implemented as predictive biomarkers both for clinical decision-making at pre-treatment (baseline assessment) and for monitoring treatment response during the clinical course of the disease. Through liquid biopsy, different biomarkers, commonly extracted from blood, urine or saliva, can be characterized and implemented in clinical routine to select targeted therapies and assess treatment response. Moreover, this approach has the potential to act as a tissue substitute and to accelerate the identification of novel and consistent predictive analytes cost-efficiently. However, the utility of tumor profiling is currently limited in OMPC due to the lack of clinically validated predictive biomarkers. In this scenario, different ongoing trials, such as the RADIOSA trial, might provide additional insights into the biology of the oligometastatic state and on the identification of novel biomarkers for the outlining of true oligometastatic patients, paving the way towards a wider ideal approach of personalized medicine. The aim of the present narrative review is to report the current state of the art on the solidity of liquid biopsy-related analytes such as CTCs, cfDNA, miRNA and epi-miRNA, and to provide a benchmark for their further clinical implementation. Arguably, this kind of molecular profiling could refine current developments in the era of precision oncology and lead to more refined therapeutic strategies in this subset of oligometastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Mattia Zaffaroni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Matteo Augugliaro
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Matteo Pepa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
| | - Giuseppina Bonizzi
- Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Novel Diagnostics Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah Alessi
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maria La Fauci
- Unit of Medical Physics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.M.L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Tordonato
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- Novel Diagnostics Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Cattani
- Unit of Medical Physics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.M.L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Direction, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
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17
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Fan Z, Wu Z, Yang B. The Effect of miR-361-3p Targeting TRAF6 on Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:197-206. [PMID: 33323675 PMCID: PMC9705904 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2010.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-361-3p (miR-361-3p) is involved in the carcinogenesis of oral cancer and pancreatic catheter adenocarcinoma, and has anti-carcinogenic effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its effect on multiple myeloma (MM) is less reported. Here, we found that upregulating the expression of miR-361-3p inhibited MM cell viability and promoted MM apoptosis. We measured expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and miR-361-3p in MM cells and detected the viability, colony formation rate, and apoptosis of MM cells. In addition, we measured expressions of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bax, and Cleaved caspase-3 (C caspase-3). The binding site between miR-361-3p and TRAF6 was predicted by TargetScan. Our results showed that miR-361-3p was low expressed in the plasma of MM patients and cell lines, while its overexpression inhibited viability and colony formation of MM cells and increased the cell apoptosis. Furthermore, TRAF6, which was predicted to be a target gene of miR-361-3p, was highexpressed in the plasma of patients and cell lines with MM. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the effect of TRAF6 on MM cells was opposite to that of miR-361-3p. Upregulation of miR-361-3p induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of MM cells through targeting TRAF6, suggesting that miR-361-3p might be a potential target for MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Jingmen, No. 67 Xiangshan Avenue, Jingmen, Hubei Province 448000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Jingmen, No. 67 Xiangshan Avenue, Jingmen, Hubei Province 448000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Jingmen, No. 67 Xiangshan Avenue, Jingmen, Hubei Province 448000, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-724-2305120 E-mail:
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Zhong L, Jin X, Xu Z, Zeng M, Chen D, He Y, Zhang J, Jiang T, Chen J. Circulating miR-451a levels as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:263. [PMID: 32989397 PMCID: PMC7517596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural course of multiple myeloma (MM) varies greatly between patients. The Revised MM International Staging System (R-ISS) identifies high-risk patients, but it is unsuitable for assessing minimal residual disease (MRD). Furthermore, the focal location of myeloma cells and clonal evolution often produce false negative results in flow cytometry. Extracellular microRNA (miRNA/miR) expression levels are stable in bodily fluids, and are retrievable and measurable from fresh or archived serum or plasma samples. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of circulating miRNA levels in patients with MM, particularly miR-451a, which is commonly downregulated in MM, and whether it could predict the prognosis and relapse of patients with MM. In total, 66 patients with MM, stratified using the R-ISS criteria, were recruited, while 10 healthy subjects (transplantation donors) were enrolled as controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to evaluate miR-451a expression in bone marrow (BM) and in the circulation. IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA, while western blotting was conducted to analyze the protein expression levels of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). During follow-up, MRD was assessed via multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). miR-451a was identified to target IL-6R using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Circulating miR-451a levels were low in patients with MM, and was found to be 0.39 times that of the control group (U=4.00; P<0.001). Among the 66 patients with MM, the median level of miR-451a was 0.73 and 0.41 times that of the control group in R-ISS stage I MM (15 patients) and R-ISS stage II stage (17 patients), respectively; patients with R-ISS stage III MM (34 patients) had the lowest level, at 0.24 times the value of the control group. Circulating miR-451a levels had a strong positive correlation with miR-451a levels in BM, but negatively correlated with IL-6 and IL-6R levels. After two courses of consolidation chemotherapy, 19 patients achieved complete remission, 10 of whom presented steady circulating miR-451a levels during follow-up; the other nine patients had an abrupt decrease in circulating miR-451a levels. The turning points in the trend appeared 4–8 weeks before positive results were obtained via MFC, and 4–16 weeks before clinical relapse. Moreover, miR-451a overexpression notably downregulated the expression of the IL-6R mRNA and protein. Collectively, circulating miR-451a levels potentially represent a novel biomarker to monitor MRD and predict relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China.,Department of Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Zhuyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Qionglai Municipal Medical Center Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611530, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southwest Medical University Clinical Medical School, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Peng W, Sha H, Sun X, Zou R, Zhu Y, Zhou G, Feng J. Role and mechanism of miR-187 in human cancer. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4873-4884. [PMID: 33042395 PMCID: PMC7540151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, and involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs play fundamental roles in many biological processes such as the development and progression of tumors. In this review, we briefly describe the expression of miR-187 in various types of cancer and discuss the role of miR-187 in cancer development and drug resistance. It is also possible to take miR-187 as an important indicator of diagnosis and prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Sha
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xun Sun
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renrui Zou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Robak P, Dróżdż I, Jarych D, Mikulski D, Węgłowska E, Siemieniuk-Ryś M, Misiewicz M, Stawiski K, Fendler W, Szemraj J, Smolewski P, Robak T. The Value of Serum MicroRNA Expression Signature in Predicting Refractoriness to Bortezomib-Based Therapy in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092569. [PMID: 32916955 PMCID: PMC7565855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib is the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, commonly used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). The mechanisms underlying acquired bortezomib resistance in MM are poorly understood. Several cell-free miRNAs have been found to be aberrantly regulated in MM patients. The aim of this pilot study was to identify a blood-based miRNA signature that predicts bortezomib-based therapy efficacy in MM patients. Thirty MM patients treated with bortezomib-based regimens were studied, including 19 with refractory disease and 11 who were bortezomib sensitive. Serum miRNA expression patterns were identified with miRCURY LNA miRNA miRNome PCR Panels I+II (Exiqon/Qiagen). Univariate analysis found a total of 21 miRNAs to be differentially expressed in patients with MM according to bortezomib sensitivity. Multivariate logistic regression was created and allowed us to discriminate refractory from sensitive patients with a very high AUC of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.84-1.00); sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were estimated as 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93. The model used expression of 3 miRNAs: miR-215-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-376c-3p. This study is the first to demonstrate that serum expression of several miRNAs differs between patients who are bortezomib refractory and those who are sensitive which may prove useful in studies aimed at overcoming drug resistance in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Robak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland; (P.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Izabela Dróżdż
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Jarych
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Bionanopark, Lodz, 93-465 Lodz, Poland; (D.J.); (E.W.)
| | - Damian Mikulski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Edyta Węgłowska
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Bionanopark, Lodz, 93-465 Lodz, Poland; (D.J.); (E.W.)
| | - Monika Siemieniuk-Ryś
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.-R.); (M.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Misiewicz
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.-R.); (M.M.)
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (D.M.); (K.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Smolewski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland; (P.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.-R.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-689-51-91; Fax: +48 42-689-51-92
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Sun YM, Chen YQ. Principles and innovative technologies for decrypting noncoding RNAs: from discovery and functional prediction to clinical application. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:109. [PMID: 32778133 PMCID: PMC7416809 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large segment of the transcriptome that do not have apparent protein-coding roles, but they have been verified to play important roles in diverse biological processes, including disease pathogenesis. With the development of innovative technologies, an increasing number of novel ncRNAs have been uncovered; information about their prominent tissue-specific expression patterns, various interaction networks, and subcellular locations will undoubtedly enhance our understanding of their potential functions. Here, we summarized the principles and innovative methods for identifications of novel ncRNAs that have potential functional roles in cancer biology. Moreover, this review also provides alternative ncRNA databases based on high-throughput sequencing or experimental validation, and it briefly describes the current strategy for the clinical translation of cancer-associated ncRNAs to be used in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
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22
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Yan X, Gao M, Zhang P, Ouyang G, Mu Q, Xu K. MiR-181a functions as an oncogene by regulating CCND1 in multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:758-764. [PMID: 32566002 PMCID: PMC7286114 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-181a (miR-181a) has been demonstrated to be upregulated in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In several studies, miR-181a has been demonstrated to be significantly overexpressed in MM; however, its potential role in development and progression of MM remains unknown. In the present study, the functions of miR-181a and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of MM were examined. Increased expression of miR-181a was observed in bone marrow samples from patients with MM and the MM RPMI8226 cell line. The role of miR-181a was examined and it was demonstrated that it participated in the proliferation and migration processes of the MM cell line. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the downregulation of miR-181a inhibited the expression of CCND1, a cell cycle regulatory gene, and caused cell cycle arrest in MM cells. The results of the present study suggested that miR-181a functions as an onco-miRNA in MM, which serves regulatory roles by upregulating expression of CCND1 and may therefore serve as a potential target in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Qitian Mu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang L, Rastgoo N, Wu J, Zhang M, Pourabdollah M, Zacksenhaus E, Chen Y, Chang H. MARCKS inhibition cooperates with autophagy antagonists to potentiate the effect of standard therapy against drug-resistant multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2020; 480:29-38. [PMID: 32220540 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) is implicated in drug resistance and progression of multiple myeloma (MM). The basis for MARCKS induction and impact on MM are not known. Here we show that microRNA-34a (miR-34a), regulates MARCKS translation and is under-expressed in drug-resistant MM cells, leading to increased MARCKS protein level. Over-expression of miR-34a reduces MARCKS expression and sensitizes resistant cells to anti-myeloma drugs. A MARCKS peptide inhibitor (MPS) exerts a dose dependent cytotoxic effect on drug-resistant MM cells with minimal cytotoxicity to normal hematopoietic cells. MPS synergizes with the proteasomal-inhibitor bortezomib to effectively kill drug-resistant MM cells both in vitro and in a xenograft model of MM. While MARCKS inhibition killed MM cells, it also enhanced a pro-survival autophagic pathway that sustained growth following MARCKS inhibition. In accordance, combined treatment with MARCKS antagonists, bortezomib and the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, significantly diminished tumor growth in drug-resistant MM cell lines as well as primary MM cells. This study uncovers a mechanism of drug resistance involving miR-34a-MARCKS autoregulatory loop and provides a framework for a potentially new therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Pourabdollah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Hematology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Senzhen, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Cui C, Yang J, Li X, Liu D, Fu L, Wang X. Functions and mechanisms of circular RNAs in cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:58. [PMID: 32171304 PMCID: PMC7071709 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), one type of non-coding RNA, were initially misinterpreted as nonfunctional products of pre-mRNA mis-splicing. Currently, circRNAs have been proven to manipulate the functions of diverse molecules, including non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, DNAs and proteins, to regulate cell activities in physiology and pathology. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play critical roles in tumor genesis, development, and sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are two primary types of intervention for most cancers, but their therapeutic efficacies are usually retarded by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Thus, it is urgent to develop new strategies to improve therapeutic responses. To achieve this, clarification of the underlying mechanisms affecting therapeutic responses in cancer is needed. This review summarizes recent progress and mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, and it discusses the limitations of available knowledge and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochu Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Jin D, Guo J, Wu Y, Du J, Yang L, Wang X, Di W, Hu B, An J, Kong L, Pan L, Su G. m 6A mRNA methylation initiated by METTL3 directly promotes YAP translation and increases YAP activity by regulating the MALAT1-miR-1914-3p-YAP axis to induce NSCLC drug resistance and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:135. [PMID: 31818312 PMCID: PMC6902496 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND METTL3 is an RNA methyltransferase that mediates m6A modification and is implicated in mRNA biogenesis, decay, and translation. However, the biomechanism through which METTL3 regulates MALAT1-miR-1914-3p-YAP axis activity to induce NSCLC drug resistance and metastasis is not very clear. METHODS The expression of mRNA was analyzed by qPCR assays. Protein levels were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Cellular proliferation was detected by CCK8 assays. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Promoter activities and gene transcription were analyzed by luciferase reporter assays. Finally, m6A modification was analyzed by MeRIP. RESULTS METTL3 increased the m6A modification of YAP. METTL3, YTHDF3, YTHDF1, and eIF3b directly promoted YAP translation through an interaction with the translation initiation machinery. Moreover, the RNA level of MALAT1 was increased due to a higher level of m6A modification mediated by METTL3. Meanwhile, the stability of MALAT1 was increased by METTL3/YTHDF3 complex. Additionally, MALAT1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA that sponges miR-1914-3p to promote the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC via YAP. Furthermore, the reduction of YAP m6A modification by METTL3 knockdown inhibits tumor growth and enhances sensitivity to DDP in vivo. CONCLUSION Results indicated that the m6A mRNA methylation initiated by METTL3 promotes YAP mRNA translation via recruiting YTHDF1/3 and eIF3b to the translation initiation complex and increases YAP mRNA stability through regulating the MALAT1-miR-1914-3p-YAP axis. The increased YAP expression and activity induce NSCLC drug resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jin
- grid.452240.5Clinical Medical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Guo
- Cancer research institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Wu
- grid.452240.5Cancer research institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Du
- grid.452240.5Cancer research institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- grid.452240.5Cancer research institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- grid.452240.5Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Di
- grid.452240.5Department of Pain, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoguang Hu
- grid.452240.5Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia An
- grid.452240.5Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingqun Kong
- grid.452240.5Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- grid.452240.5Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoming Su
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou Polytechnic University, Binzhou, 256603 People’s Republic of China
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Wu L, Zhang C, Chu M, Fan Y, Wei L, Li Z, Yao Y, Zhuang W. miR-125a suppresses malignancy of multiple myeloma by reducing the deubiquitinase USP5. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:642-650. [PMID: 31452281 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
miR-125a is a microRNA that is frequently diminished in various human malignancies. However, the mechanism by which impaired miR-125a promotes cancer growth remains undefined. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-125a in the proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM). To do this, we used MM tissue samples (from 40 anonymous patients), normal matched control samples, and five MM-derived cell lines. We also established a mouse model of MM xenograft to explore the effect of overexpression of miR-125a on the MM growth in vivo. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that the miR-125a expression was broadly reduced in MM tissues and cell lines. The impairment of miR-125a in MM tissues was functionally relevant because the overexpression of miR-125a remarkably decreased the cell viability and colony-forming activity, at least in part, by promoting apoptosis in two miR-125a-deficient MM cell lines: NCI-H929 and U266. Interestingly, we also discovered that the human gene encoding the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5), which is known to promote cellular deubiquitination and ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis, was a direct transcriptional target for miR-125a to repress. More importantly, the heterologous expression of USP5 significantly reversed the growth-inhibitory effects of miR-125a on MM cells in vitro. In the mouse xenograft model, overexpressed miR-125a prominently inhibited the growth of MM tumors and concomitantly reduced the expression of USP5 in tumor tissues. These results suggest that miR-125a inhibits the expression of USP5, thereby mitigating the proliferation and survival of malignant MM cells. We propose that USP5 acts as an oncoprotein in miR-125a-missing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Min Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Yingchao Fan
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Lu Wei
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Zhumeng Li
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Yonghua Yao
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
| | - Wenfang Zhuang
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, Yangpu, China
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27
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Xiao Y, Su M, Ou W, Wang H, Tian B, Ma J, Tang J, Wu J, Wu Z, Wang W, Zhou Y. Involvement of noncoding RNAs in epigenetic modifications of esophageal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109192. [PMID: 31387188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a serious digestive malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Apart from genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with chromatin remodeling have been identified in the regulation of gene expression in EC. Recently, noncoding RNAs, and mainly lncRNAs and miRNAs, have been revealed to be involved in the epigenetic regulation of EC. In this review, we focus on describing new insights on epigenetic processes associated with noncoding RNAs, which have been characterized to be responsible for the development and progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Min Su
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yue Yang, Yue Yang, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Junliang Ma
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jinming Tang
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhining Wu
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of the 2nd Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
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28
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Wang WT, Han C, Sun YM, Chen TQ, Chen YQ. Noncoding RNAs in cancer therapy resistance and targeted drug development. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:55. [PMID: 31174564 PMCID: PMC6556047 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a large segment of the human transcriptome and have been shown to play important roles in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence on the functional roles of ncRNAs in cancer progression emphasizes the potential of ncRNAs for cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the roles of ncRNAs in disease relapse and resistance to current standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the current research progress on ncRNAs for clinical and/or potential translational applications, including the identification of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets; therapeutic approaches for ncRNA targeting; and ncRNA delivery strategies in potential clinical translation. Several ongoing clinical trials of novel RNA-based therapeutics were also emphasized. Finally, we discussed the perspectives and obstacles to different target combinations, delivery strategies, and system designs for ncRNA application. The next approved nucleic acid drug to treat cancer patients may realistically be on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cai Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Cui YS, Song YP, Fang BJ. The role of long non-coding RNAs in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2019; 103:3-9. [PMID: 30985973 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease, and its pathogenesis involves cytogenetics and epigenetics. In recent years, the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MM have been deeply studied by scholars. LncRNAs are defined as a class of non-protein-coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, which are involved in a large spectrum of biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and chromatin remodeling. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms of these lncRNAs. They can act as oncogenic and/or tumor-suppressive factors in the development and progression of MM. But that how do they work remains unclear. In this review, the recent progress in the study of functional lncRNAs associated with MM was summarized and the present knowledge about their expression and roles was discussed, to provide guidance for the in-depth functional study of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ping Song
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bai-Jun Fang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Long S, Long S, He H, Chen G. MicroRNA-765 is pregulated in multiple myeloma and serves an oncogenic role by directly targeting SOX6. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4741-4747. [PMID: 31105792 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis and progression. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the biological functions of miRNAs in MM may be helpful for the identification of promising therapeutic techniques for patients with MM. miRNA-765 (miR-765) has been reported to be dysregulated in many types of human cancer. However, the expression pattern, specific roles and underlying mechanisms of miR-765 in MM remain largely unknown. In the present study, plasma miR-765 significantly increased in patients with MM and cell lines. The downregulation of miR-765 in MM cells attenuated proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that SRY-Box 6 (SOX6) was a putative target of miR-765. This was experimentally verified using a luciferase reporter assay, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, plasma SOX6 was downregulated in patients with MM and the downregulation of SOX6 was inversely correlated with that of miR-765 expression. Furthermore, SOX6 knockdown markedly abrogated the effects of miR-765 underexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis in MM. The current study demonstrated that miR-765 serves an oncogenic role in MM progression by directly targeting SOX6, suggesting that miR-765 may be a potential therapeutic target for MM prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Long
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Shengping Long
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Honglei He
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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31
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HDAC2 Inhibitor Valproic Acid Increases Radiation Sensitivity of Drug-Resistant Melanoma Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7030051. [PMID: 30909413 PMCID: PMC6473314 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cancers. Melanoma cell lines B16F10C and A375C (parental) and B16F10R and A375R (drug-resistant sublines) were used to test radiation sensitization potential of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of Histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) and LDN193189 (BMP inhibitor). Inhibitors of other signaling pathways were tested for cross-resistance with the resistant cell lines. Cells were pretreated with low concentrations of VPA/ LDN193189 and exposed to 2 Gy radiation for radiation sensitization experiments. Assays-3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), live/dead, clonogenic, and melanin estimation were performed to test the effects of radiation sensitization. Interactions of VPA and HDAC2 were studied in silico. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed with all tested drugs. Radiation sensitization of melanoma cells with low dose of VPA induced synergistic cell death, decreased clonogenicity, and decreased melanin content. In silico docking showed two stable interactions between Arg39 of HDAC2 and VPA. In conclusion, pretreatment with low doses of VPA has a potential for sensitizing melanoma cells to low doses of radiation. The binding of VPA to HDAC2 reverses the drug resistance in melanoma and induces the cell death. Sensitization effects of VPA can be used for targeting drug-resistant cancers.
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32
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Harding T, Baughn L, Kumar S, Van Ness B. The future of myeloma precision medicine: integrating the compendium of known drug resistance mechanisms with emerging tumor profiling technologies. Leukemia 2019; 33:863-883. [PMID: 30683909 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that is considered mostly incurable in large part due to the inability of standard of care therapies to overcome refractory disease and inevitable drug-resistant relapse. The post-genomic era has been a productive period of discovery where modern sequencing methods have been applied to large MM patient cohorts to modernize our current perception of myeloma pathobiology and establish an appreciation for the vast heterogeneity that exists between and within MM patients. Numerous pre-clinical studies conducted in the last two decades have unveiled a compendium of mechanisms by which malignant plasma cells can escape standard therapies, many of which have potentially quantifiable biomarkers. Exhaustive pre-clinical efforts have evaluated countless putative anti-MM therapeutic agents and many of these have begun to enter clinical trial evaluation. While the palette of available anti-MM therapies is continuing to expand it is also clear that malignant plasma cells still have mechanistic avenues by which they can evade even the most promising new therapies. It is therefore becoming increasingly clear that there is an outstanding need to develop and employ precision medicine strategies in MM management that harness emerging tumor profiling technologies to identify biomarkers that predict efficacy or resistance within an individual's sub-clonally heterogeneous tumor. In this review we present an updated overview of broad classes of therapeutic resistance mechanisms and describe selected examples of putative biomarkers. We also outline several emerging tumor profiling technologies that have the potential to accurately quantify biomarkers for therapeutic sensitivity and resistance at genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Finally, we comment on the future of implementation for precision medicine strategies in MM and the clear need for a paradigm shift in clinical trial design and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Harding
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda Baughn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Brian Van Ness
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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33
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Tremblay-LeMay R, Rastgoo N, Pourabdollah M, Chang H. EZH2 as a therapeutic target for multiple myeloma and other haematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2018; 6:34. [PMID: 30555699 PMCID: PMC6286605 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that is of great interest in human cancer. It has been shown to have a dual nature, as it can act as a gene repressor or activator. Studies have highlighted the various roles of EZH2 in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). It was also shown to have a role in the development of drug resistance in MM. There are several ongoing clinical trials of EZH2 inhibitors in haematological malignancies. Pre-clinical studies have provided a rationale for the therapeutic relevance of EZH2 inhibitors in MM. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the role of EZH2 in MM pathophysiology and drug resistance, with an emphasis on interactions between EZH2 and microRNAs, as well as the prognostic significance of EZH2 expression in MM. Furthermore, results from the pre-clinical studies of EZH2 inhibition in MM and currently available interim results from clinical trials of EZH2 inhibitors in haematological malignancies are presented. Preliminary data exploring anticipated mechanisms of resistance to EZH2 inhibitors are also reviewed. There is therefore strong evidence to support the relevance of targeting EZH2 for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Tremblay-LeMay
- 1Laboratory medicine program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- 2Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Pourabdollah
- 1Laboratory medicine program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Hong Chang
- 1Laboratory medicine program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada.,2Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,3Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
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34
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Tian F, Zhan Y, Zhu W, Li J, Tang M, Chen X, Jiang J. MicroRNA-497 inhibits multiple myeloma growth and increases susceptibility to bortezomib by targeting Bcl-2. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:1058-1066. [PMID: 30535471 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common severe hematopoietic malignancy occuring in aged population. MicroRNA (miR)‑497 was previously reported to contribute to the apoptosis of other cell types, presumably through targeting B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2). In the present study, miRNA and protein expression levels were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. The cell proliferation and viability was measured using 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2, 5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide and plate clonality assays, and the cell growth cycle was measured with a flow cytometer. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‑mediated dUTP nick‑end‑labeling, Annexin V and caspase‑3 activity assays were performed to examine the cell apoptotic rates. The results showed that miR‑497 was markedly decreased, whereas Bcl‑2 was enhanced in MM tissues and cell lines. miR‑497 targeted Bcl‑2 and affected its downstream apoptosis‑related genes. The overexpression of miR‑497 promoted MM cell apoptosis through cell cycle arrest, and decreased colony genesis ability and viability. In addition, miR‑497 increased the sensitivity of MM cells to bortezomib. Taken together, miR‑497 suppressed MM cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by directly targeting Bcl‑2 and altering the expression of downstream apoptosis‑related proteins. The combination of miR‑497 and bortezomib may enhance drug sensitivity, serving as a potentially available therapeutic method for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqing Tian
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China, P.R. China
| | - Juheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Meiqin Tang
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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35
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Yen CH, Hsiao HH. NRF2 Is One of the Players Involved in Bone Marrow Mediated Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3503. [PMID: 30405034 PMCID: PMC6274683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma with clonal plasma expansion in bone marrow is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world. Though the improvement of outcomes from the achievement of novel agents in recent decades, the disease progresses and leads to death eventually due to the elusive nature of myeloma cells and resistance mechanisms to therapeutic agents. In addition to the molecular and genetic basis of resistance pathomechanisms, the bone marrow microenvironment also contributes to disease progression and confers drug resistance in myeloma cells. In this review, we focus on the current state of the literature in terms of critical bone marrow microenvironment components, including soluble factors, cell adhesion mechanisms, and other cellular components. Transcriptional factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2 (NRF2), a central regulator for anti-oxidative stresses and detoxification, is implicated in chemoresistance in several cancers. The functional roles of NRF2 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and multiple myeloma cells, and the potential of targeting NRF2 for overcoming microenvironment-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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36
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Drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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Role of microRNAs in inner ear development and hearing loss. Gene 2018; 686:49-55. [PMID: 30389561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of hearing loss tends to be multi-factorial and affects a significant proportion of the global population. Despite the differences in etiology, a common physical pathological change that leads to hearing loss is damage to the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a role in inner ear development and thus, may play a role in the development or prevention of hearing loss. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of miRNAs in the auditory system. We present an overview about the role of miRNAs in inner ear development, summarize the current research on the role of miRNAs in gene regulation, and discuss the effects of both miRNA mutations as well as overexpression. We discuss the crucial role of miRNAs in ensuring normal physiological development of the inner ear. Any deviation from the proper function of miRNA in the cochlea seems to contribute to deleterious damage to the structure of the auditory system and subsequently results in hearing loss. As interest for miRNA research increases, this paper serves as a platform to review current understandings and postulate future avenues for research. A better knowledge about the role of miRNA in the auditory system will help in developing novel treatment modalities for restoring hearing function based on regeneration of damaged inner ear hair cells.
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38
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Yang Q, Shen X, Su Z, Ju S. Emerging roles of noncoding RNAs in multiple myeloma: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7957-7969. [PMID: 30370557 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by unrestricted secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin and uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation. Extra-medullary infiltration and drug resistance are two major obstacles in the treatment of MM. To solve these problems, it is necessary to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms and find new therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which were once considered "transcriptional noise," have been recognized as crucial regulators in the process of tumorigenesis including MM. Increasing evidence has shown that ncRNAs participate in MM pathogenesis via a series of complex cellular or extracellular processes. This review article summarizes examples of ncRNAs involved in myelosis and discusses their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of myelosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xianjuan Shen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhangyao Su
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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39
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Szymczyk A, Macheta A, Podhorecka M. Abnormal microRNA expression in the course of hematological malignancies. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4267-4277. [PMID: 30349361 PMCID: PMC6183594 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s174476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the carcinogenesis process is currently focused primarily on understanding its genetic basis and molecular abnormalities that may be predictive factors and therapeutic targets. It was clearly confirmed recently that microRNAs are involved in the mechanisms of leukocyte development, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as in the pathogenesis of proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system. Currently, research strategies allow determination of the deregulation of microRNA profiles in relation to other cytogenetic aberrations, as well as prognostic factors and primary end points. The problem of the possibility of their use as therapeutic targets is also increasingly discussed. In this article, we analyze literature data on abnormalities in microRNA expression in proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system in the context of classic cytogenetic and molecular aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szymczyk
- Independent Clinical Transplantology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland,
| | - Arkadiusz Macheta
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Podhorecka
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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40
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Li T, Zhang C, Hassan S, Liu X, Song F, Chen K, Zhang W, Yang J. Histone deacetylase 6 in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:111. [PMID: 30176876 PMCID: PMC6122547 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are important epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression and transcription. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique member of the HDAC family that not only participates in histone acetylation and deacetylation but also targets several nonhistone substrates, such as α-tubulin, cortactin, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), to regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and mitosis in tumors. Furthermore, HDAC6 also upregulates several critical factors in the immune system, such as program death receptor-1 (PD-1) and program death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) receptor, which are the main targets for cancer immunotherapy. Several selective HDAC6 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment and bring hope for patients with malignant tumors. A fuller understanding of HDAC6 as a critical regulator of many cellular pathways will help further the development of targeted anti-HDAC6 therapies. Here, we review the unique features of HDAC6 and its role in cancer, which make HDAC6 an appealing drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shafat Hassan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
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Memari F, Joneidi Z, Taheri B, Aval SF, Roointan A, Zarghami N. Epigenetics and Epi-miRNAs: Potential markers/therapeutics in leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1668-1677. [PMID: 30170355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic variations can play remarkable roles in different normal and abnormal situations. Such variations have been shown to have a direct role in the pathogenesis of various diseases either through inhibition of tumor suppressor genes or increasing the expression of oncogenes. Enzymes involving in epigenetic machinery are the main actors in tuning the epigenetic-based controls on gene expressions. Aberrant expression of these enzymes can trigger a big chaos in the cellular gene expression networks and finally lead to cancer progression. This situation has been shown in different types of leukemia, where high or low levels of an epigenetic enzyme are partly or highly responsible for involvement or progression of a disease. DNA hypermethylation, different histone modifications, and aberrant miRNA expressions are three main epigenetic variations, which have been shown to play a role in leukemia progression. Epigenetic based treatments now are considered as novel and effective therapies in order to decrease the abnormal epigenetic modifications in patient cells. Different epigenetic-based approaches have been developed and tested to inhibit or reverse the unusual expression of epigenetic agents in leukemia. The reciprocal behavior of miRNAs in the regulation of epigenetic modifiers, while being regulated by them, unlocks a new opportunity in order to design some epigenetic-based miRNAs able to silence or sensitize these effectors in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Memari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Joneidi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Fekri Aval
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Roointan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Radocha J, Maisnar V, Pour L, Špička I, Minařík J, Szeligová L, Pavlíček P, Jungová A, Krejčí M, Pika T, Straub J, Brožová L, Stejskal L, Heindorfer A, Jindra P, Kessler P, Mikula P, Sýkora M, Wróbel M, Jarkovský J, Hájek R. Validation of multiple myeloma risk stratification indices in routine clinical practice: Analysis of data from the Czech Myeloma Group Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4132-4145. [PMID: 29931775 PMCID: PMC6089168 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used data from the Czech Myeloma Group Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies to validate the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) and revised International Staging System (R-ISS) indices for risk stratification in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in clinical practice. Patients were included if they had symptomatic MM, complete data allowing R-ISS and IMWG staging (including cytogenetic information regarding t(4;14), t(14;16), and del(17p)), and key parameters for treatment evaluation. Median overall survival (OS) in included patients (n = 550) was 47.7 (95% CI: 39.5-55.9) and 46.2 (95% CI: 38.9-53.5) months from diagnosis and initiation of first-line therapy, respectively. Patients categorized as higher vs lower risk had reduced survival; median OS from diagnosis was 35.4 (95% CI: 30.5-40.3) vs 58.3 (95% CI: 53.8-62.9) months in high-risk vs other patients (IMWG; P = .001) and 34.1 (95% CI: 30.2-38.0) vs 47.2 (95% CI: 43.4-51.0) months in Stage III vs Stage II patients (R-ISS; P < .001). In conclusion, IMWG and R-ISS risk stratification indices are applicable to patients with MM in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Radocha
- 4th Department of Medicine - Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Maisnar
- 4th Department of Medicine - Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Pour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Špička
- 1st Medical Department - Clinical Department of Haematology of the First Faculty of Medicine, General Teaching Hospital Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Minařík
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Szeligová
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavlíček
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Jungová
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Charles University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Krejčí
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pika
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Straub
- 1st Medical Department - Clinical Department of Haematology of the First Faculty of Medicine, General Teaching Hospital Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Brožová
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Stejskal
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Opava, Opava, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Jindra
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Charles University Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kessler
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Pelhrimov, Pelhrimov, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mikula
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Hospital in Havirov, Havirov, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sýkora
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Wróbel
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Novy Jicin, Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jarkovský
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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EZH2 inhibitors sensitize myeloma cell lines to panobinostat resulting in unique combinatorial transcriptomic changes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21930-21942. [PMID: 29774113 PMCID: PMC5955152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a largely incurable hematologic cancer due to an inability to broadly target inevitable drug-resistant relapse. Epigenetic abnormalities are abundantly present in multiple myeloma and have increasingly demonstrated critical roles for tumor development and relapse to standard therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the histone methyltransferase EZH2 is aberrantly active in MM. We tested the efficacy of EZH2 specific inhibitors in a large panel of human MM cell lines (HMCLs) and found that only a subset of HMCLs demonstrate single agent sensitivity despite ubiquitous global H3K27 demethylation. Pre-treatment with EZH2 inhibitors greatly enhanced the sensitivity of HMCLs to the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat in nearly all cases regardless of single agent EZH2 inhibitor sensitivity. Transcriptomic profiling revealed large-scale transcriptomic alteration by EZH2 inhibition highly enriched for cancer-related pathways. Combination treatment greatly increased the scale of gene expression change with a large portion of differentially expressed genes being unique to the combination. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that combination treatment further perturbed oncogenic pathways and signaling nodes consistent with an antiproliferative/pro-apoptotic state. We conclude that combined inhibition of HDAC and EZH2 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy to broadly target the epigenetic landscape of aggressive MM.
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Tremblay-LeMay R, Rastgoo N, Chang H. Modulating PD-L1 expression in multiple myeloma: an alternative strategy to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:46. [PMID: 29580288 PMCID: PMC5870495 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even with recent advances in therapy regimen, multiple myeloma patients commonly develop drug resistance and relapse. The relevance of targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has been demonstrated in pre-clinical models. Monotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors produced disappointing results, but combinations with other drugs used in the treatment of multiple myeloma seemed promising, and clinical trials are ongoing. However, there have recently been concerns about the safety of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors combined with immunomodulators in the treatment of multiple myeloma, and several trials have been suspended. There is therefore a need for alternative combinations of drugs or different approaches to target this pathway. Protein expression of PD-L1 on cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma, has been associated with intrinsic aggressive features independent of immune evasion mechanisms, thereby providing a rationale for the adoption of new strategies directly targeting PD-L1 protein expression. Drugs modulating the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 could represent new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of multiple myeloma, help potentiate the action of other drugs or be combined to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in order to avoid the potentially problematic combination with immunomodulators. This review will focus on the pathophysiology of PD-L1 expression in multiple myeloma and drugs that have been shown to modulate this expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Tremblay-LeMay
- Laboratory Hematology/Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hong Chang
- Laboratory Hematology/Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China. .,Laboratory Hematology, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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45
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Zheng Z, Fan S, Zheng J, Huang W, Gasparetto C, Chao NJ, Hu J, Kang Y. Inhibition of thioredoxin activates mitophagy and overcomes adaptive bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29482577 PMCID: PMC5828316 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although current chemotherapy using bortezomib (Velcade) against multiple myeloma in adults has achieved significant responses and even remission, a majority of patients will develop acquired resistance to bortezomib. Increased thioredoxin level has been reported to be associated with carcinogenesis; however, the role of thioredoxin in bortezomib drug resistance of myeloma remains unclear. Methods We generated several bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell lines by serially passaging with increased concentrations of bortezomib over a period of 1.5 years. Thioredoxin expression was measured by real-time PCR and western blot. Results The role of thioredoxin in the survival of bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells was determined by specific shRNA knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Thioredoxin inhibitor (PX12) was used to determine the effectiveness of thioredoxin inhibition in the treatment of bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells. The effect of thioredoxin inhibition on mitophagy induction was examined. The correlation of thioredoxin expression with patient overall survival was interrogated. Thioredoxin expression was significantly upregulated in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and the change correlated with the increase of bortezomib concentration. Thioredoxin gene knockdown using specific shRNA sensitized bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells to bortezomib efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition with PX12 inhibited the growth of bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and overcame bortezomib resistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of thioredoxin resulted in the activation of mitophagy and blockage of mitophagy prevented the effects of PX12 on bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells, indicating that mitophagy is the important molecular mechanism for the induction of cell death in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells by PX12. Moreover, inhibition of thioredoxin resulted in downregulation of phosphorylated mTOR and ERK1/2. Finally, thioredoxin was overexpressed in primary myeloma cells isolated from bortezomib-resistant myeloma patients and overexpression of thioredoxin correlated with poor overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that increased thioredoxin plays a critical role in bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma through mitophagy inactivation and increased mTOR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thioredoxin provides a potential target for clinical therapeutics against multiple myeloma, particularly for bortezomib-resistant/refractory myeloma patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0575-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shengjun Fan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jianda Hu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, 3961, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Abdi J, Rastgoo N, Li L, Chen W, Chang H. Role of tumor suppressor p53 and micro-RNA interplay in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:169. [PMID: 29073933 PMCID: PMC5659022 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulated wild type (wt) p53 in multiple myeloma (MM) have been subjects of intense investigation for years. Indeed, correlation of rarely occurring TP53 gene mutations or deletions with adverse clinical outcomes in MM patients is strongly established, while in majority of cases wtp53 seems to be non-functional or dysregulated bearing a high clinical impact. Interestingly, findings from recent investigations show that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to suppression of wtp53 in MM, as they are now known to function as key regulatory elements in the p53 network. This area is shedding new light on understanding the biologic effects of dysregulated p53 in MM pathogenesis especially drug resistance. miRNAs such as miR-125b (oncomiR) or miR-34a (tumor suppressor-miR) can be negative or positive regulators of wtp53 function, respectively, with specific effects on MM cell viability. On the other hand, our knowledge of miRNA interaction with mutant (mt) p53 in MM, which is rather related to disease progression and resistance to therapy, is limited which demands in-depth exploration. Here, we will put forward the current knowledge on miRNA-p53 interaction in MM and its role in MM pathogenesis including drug resistance. We will also highlight the pre-clinical approaches for therapeutic application of miRNAs targeting p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Abdi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Abstract
The outcomes for the majority of patients with myeloma have improved over recent decades, driven by treatment advances. However, there is a subset of patients considered to have high-risk disease who have not benefited. Understanding how high-risk disease evolves from more therapeutically tractable stages is crucial if we are to improve outcomes. This can be accomplished by identifying the genetic mechanisms and mutations driving the transition of a normal plasma cell to one with the features of the following disease stages: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smouldering myeloma, myeloma and plasma cell leukaemia. Although myeloma initiating events are clonal, subsequent driver lesions often occur in a subclone of cells, facilitating progression by Darwinian selection processes. Understanding the co-evolution of the clones within their microenvironment will be crucial for therapeutically manipulating the process. The end stage of progression is the generation of a state associated with treatment resistance, increased proliferation, evasion of apoptosis and an ability to grow independently of the bone marrow microenvironment. In this Review, we discuss these end-stage high-risk disease states and how new information is improving our understanding of their evolutionary trajectories, how they may be diagnosed and the biological behaviour that must be addressed if they are to be treated effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pawlyn
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- The Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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