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Wei X, Wang F, Tan P, Huang H, Wang Z, Xie J, Wang L, Liu D, Hu Z. The interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota in cancers: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107148. [PMID: 38522760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, known as the "forgotten organ" and "human second genome," comprises a complex microecosystem. It significantly influences the development of various tumors, including colorectal, liver, stomach, breast, and lung cancers, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. These mechanisms include the "gut-liver" axis, the "lung-intestine" axis, and interactions with the immune system. The intestinal flora exhibits dual roles in cancer, both promoting and suppressing its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can alter cancer progression by regulating the intestinal flora. It modifies the intestinal flora's composition and structure, along with the levels of endogenous metabolites, thus affecting the intestinal barrier, immune system, and overall body metabolism. These actions contribute to TCM's significant antitumor effects. Moreover, the gut microbiota metabolizes TCM components, enhancing their antitumor properties. Therefore, exploring the interaction between TCM and the intestinal flora offers a novel perspective in understanding TCM's antitumor mechanisms. This paper succinctly reviews the association between gut flora and the development of tumors, including colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, and lung cancers. It further examines current research on the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora, with a focus on its antitumor efficacy. It identifies limitations in existing studies and suggests recommendations, providing insights into antitumor drug research and exploring TCM's antitumor effectiveness. Additionally, this paper aims to guide future research on TCM and the gut microbiota in antitumor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Sanchez L, Campos-Chillon F, Sargolzaei M, Peterson DG, Sprayberry KA, McArthur G, Anderson P, Golden B, Pokharel S, Abo-Ismail MK. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Development of the Metritis Complex in Dairy Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:439. [PMID: 38674374 PMCID: PMC11049392 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metritis complex (MC), a group of post-partum uterine diseases, is associated with increased treatment costs and reduced milk yield and fertility. The goal of this study was to identify genetic variants, genes, or genomic regions that modulate MC disease. A genome-wide association study was performed using a single-locus mixed linear model of 1967 genotypes (624,460 SNPs) and metritis complex records. Then, in-silico functional analyses were performed to detect biological mechanisms and pathways associated with the development of MC. The ATP8A2, COX16, AMN, and TRAF3 genes, located on chromosomes 12, 10, and 21, were associated with MC at p ≤ 0.0001. These genes are involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the stromal tissue of the uterus, which can be directly associated with the mode of transmission for pathogens causing the metritis complex. The modulation of cholesterol abundance alters the efficiency of virulence factors and may affect the susceptibility of the host to infection. The SIPA1L1, DEPDC5, and RNF122 genes were also significantly associated with MC at p ≤ 0.0001 and are involved in the PI3k-Akt pathway, responsible for activating the autophagic processes. Thus, the dysregulation of these genes allows for unhindered bacterial invasion, replication, and survival within the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna Sanchez
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Fernando Campos-Chillon
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Select Sires Inc., 11740 US-42, Plain City, OH 43064, USA;
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel G. Peterson
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Kim A. Sprayberry
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Garry McArthur
- Swinging Udders Veterinary Services, 8418 Liberty Rd, Galt, CA 95632, USA;
| | - Paul Anderson
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | | | - Siroj Pokharel
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Mohammed K. Abo-Ismail
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
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3
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Modica R, La Salvia A, Liccardi A, Cozzolino A, Di Sarno A, Russo F, Colao A, Faggiano A. Dyslipidemia, lipid-lowering agents and neuroendocrine neoplasms: new horizons. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03767-7. [PMID: 38509261 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies originating from cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. The complex relationship between lipid metabolism and cancer is gaining interest and a potential anti-cancer effect of lipid lowering agents is being considered. This review aims to discuss the current understanding and treatment of dyslipidaemia in NENs, focusing on the role of lipid lowering agents, including new therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives as possible tool in cancer prevention and tumor-growth control. METHODS We performed an electronic-based search using PubMed updated until December 2023, summarizing the available evidence both in basic and clinical research about lipid lowering agents in NENs. RESULTS Dyslipidemia is an important aspect to be considered in NENs management, although randomized studies specifically addressing this topic are lacking, unlike other cancer types. Available data mainly regard statins, and in vitro studies have demonstrated direct antitumor effects, including antiproliferative effects in some cancers, supporting possible pleiotropic effects also in NENs, but data remain conflicting. Ezetimibe, omega 3-fatty acids, fibrates and inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) may enhance the regulation of lipid homeostasis, as demonstrated in other cancers. CONCLUSIONS Targeting dyslipidemia in NENs should be part of the multidisciplinary management and an integrated approach may be the best option for both metabolic and tumor control. Whether lipid lowering agents may directly contribute to tumor control remains to be confirmed with specific studies, focusing on association with other metabolic risk, disease stage and primary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Modica
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna La Salvia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sarno
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Flaminia Russo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair, Education for Health and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
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Wang X, Yuan Z, Li Z, He X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Su J, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Yi T, Xiao Z. Key oncogenic signaling pathways affecting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: basic principles and recent advances. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354313. [PMID: 38426090 PMCID: PMC10902128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks first among primary liver cancers, and its mortality rate exhibits a consistent annual increase. The treatment of HCC has witnessed a significant surge in recent years, with the emergence of targeted immune therapy as an adjunct to early surgical resection. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promising results in other types of solid tumors. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate interactions between different types of TILs and their impact on HCC, elucidate strategies for targeting neoantigens through TILs, and address the challenges encountered in TIL therapies along with potential solutions. Furthermore, this article specifically examines the impact of oncogenic signaling pathways activation within the HCC tumor microenvironment on the infiltration dynamics of TILs. Additionally, a concise overview is provided regarding TIL preparation techniques and an update on clinical trials investigating TIL-based immunotherapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zijun Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhengbo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Longmatan District People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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5
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Guo J, Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Hu L, Yao K, Yu Y, Chen X. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological regulation and diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e476. [PMID: 38405060 PMCID: PMC10893558 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is crucial for cellular and systemic function. The disorder of cholesterol metabolism not only accelerates the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also the fundamental cause of other ailments. The regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the human is an extremely complex process. Due to the dynamic balance between cholesterol synthesis, intake, efflux and storage, cholesterol metabolism generally remains secure. Disruption of any of these links is likely to have adverse effects on the body. At present, increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cholesterol metabolism is closely related to various systemic diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which cholesterol metabolism contributes to disease pathogenesis remains unclear, and there are still unknown factors. In this review, we outline the metabolic process of cholesterol in the human body, especially reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Then, we discuss separately the impact of abnormal cholesterol metabolism on common diseases and potential therapeutic targets for each disease, including CVD, tumors, neurological diseases, and immune system diseases. At the end of this review, we focus on the effect of cholesterol metabolism on eye diseases. In short, we hope to provide more new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases from the perspective of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Guo
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Silong Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Luyang Jiang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Lidan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthThe Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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6
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Li S, Peng M, Tan S, Oyang L, Lin J, Xia L, Wang J, Wu N, Jiang X, Peng Q, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The roles and molecular mechanisms of non-coding RNA in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38238756 PMCID: PMC10795359 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the key features of cancer is energy metabolic reprogramming which is tightly related to cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. NcRNAs are a class of RNAs having no protein-coding potential and mainly include microRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. Accumulated evidence has suggested that ncRNAs play an essential role in regulating cancer metabolic reprogramming, and the altered metabolic networks mediated by ncRNAs primarily drive carcinogenesis by regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes and transporter proteins. Importantly, accumulated research has revealed that dysregulated ncRNAs mediate metabolic reprogramming contributing to the generation of therapeutic tolerance. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs in cancer metabolic reprogramming can provide promising metabolism-related therapeutic targets for treatment as well as overcome therapeutic tolerance. In conclusion, this review updates the latest molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs related to cancer metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiewen Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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7
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Tshivhase AM, Matsha T, Raghubeer S. Resveratrol attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation and improves glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1106. [PMID: 38212345 PMCID: PMC10784549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by impaired glucose and insulin metabolism, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation is linked to the onset and progression of diabetes. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol phytoalexin, is studied in diabetes therapeutics research. This study evaluates the effect of RES on inflammation and glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose. Inflammation and glucose metabolism-related genes were investigated using qPCR. Further, inflammatory genes were analyzed by applying ELISA and Bioplex assays. High glucose significantly increases IKK-α, IKB-α, and NF-kB expression compared to controls. Increased NF-kB expression was followed by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, and COX2. RES treatment significantly reduced the expression of NF-kB, IKK-α, and IKB-α, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. High glucose levels reduced the expression of TGFβ1, while treatment with RES increased the expression of TGFβ1. As glucose levels increased, PEPCK expression was reduced, and GCK expression was increased in HepG2 cells treated with RES. Further, HepG2 cells cultured with high glucose showed significant increases in KLF7 and HIF1A but decreased SIRT1. Moreover, RES significantly increased SIRT1 expression and reduced KLF7 and HIF1A expression levels. Our results indicated that RES could attenuate high glucose-induced inflammation and enhance glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abegail Mukhethwa Tshivhase
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Shanel Raghubeer
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
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8
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Luo L, Li P, Xie Q, Wu Y, Qin F, Liao D, Zeng K, Wang K. n6-methyladenosine-modified circular RNA family with sequence similarity 126, member A affects cholesterol synthesis and malignant progression of prostate cancer cells by targeting microRNA-505-3p to mediate calnexin. J Cancer 2024; 15:966-980. [PMID: 38230215 PMCID: PMC10788727 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. In tumor biology, n6-methyladenosine (m6A) can mediate the production of circular RNAs (circRNAs). This study focused on the mechanism of m6A-modified circRNA family with sequence similarity 126, member A (FAM126A) in PCa. Cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, transwell assay, and xenograft mouse models were applied to study the role of circFAM126A in PCa cell growth and tumor metastasis, and cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured to assess cholesterol synthesis. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter gene assay, and western blot were adopted to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Data showed that circFAM126A was upregulated in PCa and promoted PCa progression in vitro. m6A modification of circFAM126A enhanced transcriptional stability. CircFAM126A targeted microRNA (miR)-505-3p to mediate calnexin (CANX). Up-regulating miR-505-3p or inhibiting CANX suppressed cholesterol synthesis and malignant progression in PCa cells. Overexpressing CANX suppressed the inhibitory effect of circFAM126A silencing or miR-505-3p upregulation on PCa cells. Our current findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - QingZhi Xie
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - YunChou Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - FuQiang Qin
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - DunMing Liao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - KangNing Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, 422000, China
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410083, China
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Liu T, Guo Y, Liao Y, Liu J. Mechanism-guided fine-tuned microbiome potentiates anti-tumor immunity in HCC. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1333864. [PMID: 38169837 PMCID: PMC10758498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1333864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, plays a crucial role in shaping distal and proximal anti-tumor immunity. Mounting evidence showed that commensal microbiome critically modulates immunophenotyping of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related death. However, their role in anti-tumor surveillance of HCC is still poorly understood. Herein, we spotlighted growing interests in how the microbiome influences the progression and immunotherapeutic responses of HCC via changing local tumor microenvironment (TME) upon translocating to the sites of HCC through different "cell-type niches". Moreover, we summarized not only the associations but also the deep insight into the mechanisms of how the extrinsic microbiomes interplay with hosts to shape immune surveillance and regulate TME and immunotherapeutic responses. Collectively, we provided a rationale for a mechanism-guided fine-tuned microbiome to be neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Chen W, Zhong Y, Yuan Y, Zhu M, Hu W, Liu N, Xing D. New insights into the suppression of inflammation and lipid accumulation by JAZF1. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2457-2469. [PMID: 37554201 PMCID: PMC10404878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of disease and death worldwide. The identification of new therapeutic targets and agents is critical. JAZF1 is expressed in many tissues and is found at particularly high levels in adipose tissue (AT). JAZF1 suppresses inflammation (including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, IFN-γ, IAR-20, COL3A1, laminin, and MCP-1) by reducing NF-κB pathway activation and AT immune cell infiltration. JAZF1 reduces lipid accumulation by regulating the liver X receptor response element (LXRE) of the SREBP-1c promoter, the cAMP-response element (CRE) of HMGCR, and the TR4 axis. LXRE and CRE sites are present in many cytokine and lipid metabolism gene promoters, which suggests that JAZF1 regulates these genes through these sites. NF-κB is the center of the JAZF1-mediated inhibition of the inflammatory response. JAZF1 suppresses NF-κB expression by suppressing TAK1 expression. Interestingly, TAK1 inhibition also decreases lipid accumulation. A dual-targeting strategy of NF-κB and TAK1 could inhibit both inflammation and lipid accumulation. Dual-target compounds (including prodrugs) 1-5 exhibit nanomolar inhibition by targeting NF-κB and TAK1, EGFR, or COX-2. However, the NF-κB suppressing activity of these compounds is relatively low (IC50 > 300 nM). Compounds 6-14 suppress NF-κB expression with IC50 values ranging from 1.8 nM to 38.6 nM. HS-276 is a highly selective, orally bioavailable TAK1 inhibitor. Combined structural modifications of compounds using a prodrug strategy may enhance NF-κB inhibition. This review focused on the role and mechanism of JAZF1 in inflammation and lipid accumulation for the identification of new anti-atherosclerotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yingjie Zhong
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Ma L, Huang W, Liang X, Bai G, Wang X, Jiang H, Xin Y, Hu L, Chen X, Liu C. Inhibition of squalene epoxidase linking with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway suppresses endometrial cancer. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3595-3607. [PMID: 37438885 PMCID: PMC10475781 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor that lacks any therapeutic target and, in many cases, recurrence is the leading ca use of morbidity and mortality in women. Widely known EC has a strongly positive correlation with abnormal lipid metabolism. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), a crucial enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway regulating lipid metabolic processes has been found to be associated with various cancers in recent years. Here, we focused on studying the role of SQLE in EC. Our study revealed that SQLE expression level was upregulated significantly in EC tissues. In vitro experiments showed that SQLE overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, and inhibited cell apoptosis of EC cells, whereas SQLE knockdown or use of terbinafine showed the opposite results. Furthermore, we found out that the promotional effect of SQLE on the proliferation of EC cells might be achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, studies confirmed that the knockdown of SQLE or terbinafine can observably inhibit tumor growth in nude mice. These results indicate that SQLE may promote the progression of EC by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, SQLE is a potential target for EC treatment and its inhibitor, terbinafine, has the potential to become a targeted drug for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wunan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaolei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Guannan Bai
- The Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Xin
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children's Regional Medical CenterHangzhouChina
| | - Lidan Hu
- The Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology Gansu ProvinceThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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12
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Abu-Farha M, Joseph S, Mohammad A, Channanath A, Taher I, Al-Mulla F, Mujammami M, Thanaraj TA, Abubaker J, Abdel Rahman AM. Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Individuals Carrying the ANGPTL8 R59W Variant. Metabolites 2023; 13:972. [PMID: 37755252 PMCID: PMC10536441 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ANGPTL8 is recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism through its role in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase activity. ANGPTL8 gene variants, particularly rs2278426 leading to the R59W variant in the protein, have been associated with lipid traits in various ethnicities. We aimed to use metabolomics to understand the impact of the ANGPTL8 R59W variant on metabolites in humans. We used the Biocrates-p400 kit to quantify 408 plasma metabolites in 60 adult male Arab individuals from Kuwait and identify differences in metabolite levels between individuals carrying reference genotypes and those with carrier genotypes at ANGPTL8 rs2278426. Individuals with carrier genotypes (CT+TT) compared to those carrying the reference genotype (CC) showed statistically significant differences in the following metabolites: acylcarnitine (perturbs metabolic pathways), phosphatidylcholine (supports liver function and cholesterol levels), cholesteryl ester (brings chronic inflammatory response to lipoprotein depositions in arteries), α-aminoadipic acid (modulates glucose homeostasis), histamine (regulates glucose/lipid metabolism), sarcosine (links amino acid and lipid metabolism), diacylglycerol 42:1 (regulates homeostasis of cellular lipid stores), and lysophosphatidylcholine (regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory response). Functional aspects attributed to these metabolites indicate that the ANGPTL8 R59W variant influences the concentrations of lipid- and inflammation-related metabolites. This observation further highlights the role of ANGPTL8 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Shibu Joseph
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Arshad Channanath
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.C.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Ibrahim Taher
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.C.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Muhammad Mujammami
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.C.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Anas M. Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Centre for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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13
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Fan W, Wang Y, Jiang S, Li Y, Yao X, Wang M, Zhao J, Sun X, Jiang X, Zhong L, Han Y, Song H, Xu Y. Identification of key proteins of cytopathic biotype bovine viral diarrhoea virus involved in activating NF-κB pathway in BVDV-induced inflammatory response. Virulence 2022; 13:1884-1899. [PMID: 36316807 PMCID: PMC9629132 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2135724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the etiologic agent of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease, one of the most important viral diseases in cattle, with inflammatory diarrhea, enteritis, and mucosa necrosis as the major clinical manifestations. NF-κB is an important transcription complex that regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation and immune responses. NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the development of inflammatory diseases. However, whether the activation of NF-κB is crucial for BVDV infection-induced inflammatory responses remains unclear. The results of our present study showed that BVDV infection significantly activated the NF-κB pathway and promoted the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase 1) as well inflammatory cytokine pro-IL-1β in BVDV-infected bovine cells, resulting in the cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β into active form caspase 1 and IL-1β. However, the levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome components and inflammatory cytokines were obviously inhibited, as well the cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β in the pre-treated bovine cells with NF-κB-specific inhibitors after BVDV infection. Further, cytopathic biotype BVDV (cpBVDV) Erns and NS5A proteins with their key functional domains contributed to BVDV-induced inflammatory responses via activating the NF-κB pathway were confirmed experimentally. Especially, the NS5A can promote cholesterol synthesis and accelerate its augmentation, further activating the NF-κB signalling pathway. Conclusively, our data elucidate that the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cpBVDV infection-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China,College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China,CONTACT Houhui Song
| | - Yigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China,Yigang Xu
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14
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Halimi H, Farjadian S. Cholesterol: An important actor on the cancer immune scene. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057546. [PMID: 36479100 PMCID: PMC9719946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the structural and signaling roles of cholesterol, which are necessary for immune cell activity, high concentrations of cholesterol and its metabolites not only trigger malignant cell activities but also impede immune responses against cancer cells. To proliferate and evade immune responses, tumor cells overcome environmental restrictions by changing their metabolic and signaling pathways. Overexpression of mevalonate pathway enzymes and low-density lipoprotein receptor cause elevated cholesterol synthesis and uptake, respectively. Accordingly, cholesterol can be considered as both a cause and an effect of cancer. Variations in the effects of blood cholesterol levels on the outcome of different types of cancer may depend on the stage of cancer. However, positive effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs have been reported in the treatment of patients with some malignancies.
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15
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The altered lipidome of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:445-456. [PMID: 35131480 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in metabolic pathways are a hallmark of cancer. A deeper understanding of the contribution of different metabolites to carcinogenesis is thus vitally important to elucidate mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression to inform therapeutic strategies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and its altered metabolic landscape is beginning to unfold with the advancement of technologies. In particular, characterization of the lipidome of human HCCs has accelerated, and together with biochemical analyses, are revealing recurrent patterns of alterations in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. These widespread alterations encompass a myriad of lipid species with numerous roles affecting multiple hallmarks of cancer, including aberrant growth signaling, metastasis, evasion of cell death and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize the current trends and findings of the altered lipidomic landscape of HCC and discuss their potential biological significance for hepatocarcinogenesis.
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16
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Gonzalez A, Hammock EAD. Oxytocin and microglia in the development of social behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210059. [PMID: 35858111 PMCID: PMC9272152 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a well-established regulator of social behaviour. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, regulate brain development and maintenance in health and disease. Oxytocin and microglia interact: microglia appear to regulate the oxytocin system and are, in turn, regulated by oxytocin, which appears to have anti-inflammatory effects. Both microglia and oxytocin are regulated in sex-specific ways. Oxytocin and microglia may work together to promote experience-dependent circuit refinement through multiple developmental-sensitive periods contributing to individual differences in social behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue 'Interplays between oxytocin and other neuromodulators in shaping complex social behaviours'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. D. Hammock
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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17
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Lei Z, Rong H, Yang Y, Yu S, Zhang T, Chen L, Nie Y, Song Q, Hu Q, Guo J. Loperamide Induces Excessive Accumulation of Bile Acids in the Liver of Mice with Different Diets. Toxicology 2022; 477:153278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Gu J, Zhu N, Li HF, Zhao TJ, Zhang CJ, Liao DF, Qin L. Cholesterol homeostasis and cancer: a new perspective on the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:709-728. [PMID: 35864437 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis is considered as one of the manifestations of cancer. Cholesterol plays an essential role in the pleiotropic functions of cancer cells, including mediating membrane trafficking, intracellular signal transduction, and production of hormones and steroids. As a single transmembrane receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) can participate in intracellular cholesterol uptake and regulate cholesterol homeostasis. It has recently been found that LDLR is aberrantly expressed in a broad range of cancers, including colon cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and liver cancer. LDLR has also been found to be involved in various signaling pathways, such as the MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which affect cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Moreover, LDLR may serve as an independent prognostic factor for lung cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, and is closely related to the survival of cancer patients. However, the role of LDLR in some cancers, such as prostate cancer, remains controversial. This may be due to the lack of normal feedback regulation of LDLR expression in cancer cells and the severe imbalance between LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake and de novo biosynthesis of cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis caused by abnormal LDLR expression provides new therapeutic opportunities for cancer. LDLR interferes with the occurrence and development of cancer by modulating cholesterol homeostasis and may become a novel target for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Herein, we systematically review the contribution of LDLR to cancer progression, especially its dysregulation and underlying mechanism in various malignancies. Besides, potential targeting and immunotherapeutic options are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Tan-Jun Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation With Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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19
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Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Palmitic Acid Increases Cholesterol Accumulation via Enhancing Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070813. [PMID: 35890112 PMCID: PMC9322353 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, multiple studies have shown that chronic inflammation disturbs cholesterol homeostasis and promotes its accumulation in the liver. The underlying molecular mechanism remains to be revealed. The relationship between the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling pathway and cholesterol accumulation was investigated in HepG2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or palmitic acid (PA) for different lengths of time. In addition, the effects of pretreatment with 20μmol/L ST2825 (MyD88 inhibitor) were also studied in LPS- or PA-treated HepG2 cells and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-overexpressing HEK293T cells. The intracellular total and free cholesterol levels were measured using a commercial kit and filipin staining, respectively. The expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and components in the TLR4 signaling pathway were determined using Western blotting. The treatments with LPS for 12 h and with PA for 24 h significantly increased the contents of intracellular total and free cholesterol, as well as the expression levels of SREBP-2 and components in the TLR4 signaling pathway. The inhibition of MyD88 by ST2825 significantly decreased the cholesterol content and the expression levels of SREBP-2 and components of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in HepG2 cells, as well as MyD88-overexpressing HEK293T cells. These results indicated that LPS and PA treatments increase SREBP-2-mediated cholesterol accumulation via the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.
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20
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Zha S, Yu X, Wang X, Gu Y, Tan Y, Lu Y, Yao Z. Topical Simvastatin Improves Lesions of Diffuse Normolipemic Plane Xanthoma by Inhibiting Foam Cell Pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865704. [PMID: 35619689 PMCID: PMC9128406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthoma pathogenesis is speculated to be associated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) deposition, although this remains unclear. Most patients with diffuse plane xanthomas present elevated blood lipid levels, and they benefit from treatment with oral lipid-lowering agents. However, there is no available treatment for diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma (DNPX). In this study, for the first time, we used a topical simvastatin ointment to treat DNPX in three pediatric patients and observed favorable results. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the pyroptotic pathway was significantly attenuated after topical simvastatin application on the skin lesions of the patients. As ox-LDL deposition was observed in the lesions, we used ox-LDL to build a foam cell model in vitro. In the ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation, simvastatin consistently inhibited pyroptotic activation and inflammation in the macrophages. Additionally, the overexpression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) or 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), the known target of statins, reversed the effects of simvastatin. Moreover, gasdermin D (GSDMD) or HMGCR knockdown inhibited ox-LDL-induced pyroptosis. Furthermore, the immunoprecipitation results confirmed the interaction between NLRP3 and HMGCR, and this interaction was inhibited by simvastatin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin ointment might be a promising treatment for DNPX skin lesions and that this therapeutic effect may be related to pyroptosis inhibition via HMGCR inhibition in foam cells. Moreover, xanthoma pathogenesis might be associated with ox-LDL deposition and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zha
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidong Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Cholesterol Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1515416. [PMID: 35528239 PMCID: PMC9076305 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1515416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases each year, with an unhealthy diet representing one of the major pathogenic risk factors for CRC. Cholesterol is a vital dietary ingredient required to maintain the normal function of the body; however, disturbances in cholesterol levels have been discovered to exert a significant role in tumorigenesis. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of cholesterol in the occurrence of CRC. Briefly, CRC model mice were established through an intraperitoneal injection of azoxyemethane (AOM) and were subsequently either fed a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), or high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHC). Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed following the treatment of SW480 and HCT116 cells with cholesterol, and the cell viability and colony formation rate of CRC cells were analyzed. The findings identified that cholesterol levels were increased in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. In contrast, the serum levels of cholesterol were decreased in patients with CRC compared with the healthy controls; however, no significant differences were observed in the cholesterol levels between stage I + II and stage III + IV patients with CRC. Notably, CRC model mice fed with an HFD or HFHC recorded a larger body weight compared with those mice fed a ND; however, no significant differences were reported in the number of tumors formed in each group. Furthermore, the tumor size in the HFHC group was discovered to be increased compared with the ND and HFD groups, and HGD and the pathological morphology were the most pronounced in the HFHC group. Moreover, mice in the HFHC group presented the highest ratio of Ki-67-positive staining and the lowest ratio of TUNEL-positive staining compared with those in the two other groups. Cholesterol treatment also increased the cell viability and clonality of SW480 and HCT116 cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated-AKT were upregulated in cholesterol-induced CRC cells and tissues, whereas the treatment with BAY80-6946 attenuated the cholesterol-induced increases in the cell viability, colony formation ability, and tumor size. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that cholesterol may stimulate the progression of CRC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, cholesterol may not affect the number of tumors formed in CRC. In addition, cholesterol was discovered to mainly affect the advanced stages of CRC rather than the early stages.
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22
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Laka K, Makgoo L, Mbita Z. Cholesterol-Lowering Phytochemicals: Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway for Anticancer Interventions. Front Genet 2022; 13:841639. [PMID: 35391801 PMCID: PMC8981032 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.841639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a plethora of cancer causes and the road to fully understanding the carcinogenesis process remains a dream that keeps changing. However, a list of role players that are implicated in the carcinogens process is getting lengthier. Cholesterol is known as bad sterol that is heavily linked with cardiovascular diseases; however, it is also comprehensively associated with carcinogenesis. There is an extensive list of strategies that have been used to lower cholesterol; nevertheless, the need to find better and effective strategies remains vastly important. The role played by cholesterol in the induction of the carcinogenesis process has attracted huge interest in recent years. Phytochemicals can be dubbed as magic tramp cards that humans could exploit for lowering cancer-causing cholesterol. Additionally, the mechanisms that are regulated by phytochemicals can be targeted for anticancer drug development. One of the key role players in cancer development and suppression, Tumour Protein 53 (TP53), is crucial in regulating the biogenesis of cholesterol and is targeted by several phytochemicals. This minireview covers the role of p53 in the mevalonate pathway and how bioactive phytochemicals target the mevalonate pathway and promote p53-dependent anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
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23
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Deng CF, Zhu N, Zhao TJ, Li HF, Gu J, Liao DF, Qin L. Involvement of LDL and ox-LDL in Cancer Development and Its Therapeutical Potential. Front Oncol 2022; 12:803473. [PMID: 35251975 PMCID: PMC8889620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.803473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is related to an increased risk of tumorigenesis and is involved in the rapid growth of cancer cells as well as the formation of metastatic lesions. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) are closely associated with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other malignancies, suggesting that LDL and ox-LDL play important roles during the occurrence and development of cancers. LDL can deliver cholesterol into cancer cells after binding to LDL receptor (LDLR). Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway induces transcription of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which subsequently promotes cholesterol uptake and synthesis to meet the demand of cancer cells. Ox-LDL binds to the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) to induce mutations, resulting in inflammation, cell proliferation, and metastasis of cancer. Classic lipid-lowering drugs, statins, have been shown to reduce LDL levels in certain types of cancer. As LDL and ox-LDL play complicated roles in cancers, the potential therapeutic effect of targeting lipid metabolism in cancer therapy warrants more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Deng
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tan-Jun Zhao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qin,
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24
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Zhou S, He Q, Sheng N, Gong J, Ren J, Wang Z. Blood cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio as a novel prognostic marker to predict postoperative overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35033097 PMCID: PMC8760814 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid disequilibrium and systemic inflammation are reported to correlate with tumorigenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We construct the novel biomarker cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) to reflect the synergistic effect of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation on CRC outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of CLR and establish a prognostic model for CRC. Methods Our study retrospectively enrolled 223 CRC patients who underwent curative surgical resection. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to estimate the overall survival (OS) rates, and the association between serological biomarkers and survival was assessed with a log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied in the univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent prognostic factors, which were then used to develop a predictive nomogram model for OS in CRC. The nomogram was evaluated by the C-index, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and calibration plot. All cases were grouped into three stratifications according to the total risk points calculated from the nomogram, and the difference in OS between them was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results At the end of the study, death occurred in 47 (21%) cases. Patients with low CLR (< 3.23) had significantly prolonged survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that N stage (P < 0.001), harvested lymph nodes (P = 0.021), and CLR (P = 0.005) were independent prognostic factors for OS and a prognostic nomogram was established based on these variables. The nomogram showed good calibration and predictive performance with a superior C-index than TNM stage (0.755 (0.719–0.791) vs. 0.663 (0.629–0.697), P = 0.001). Patients of different risk stratifications based on the total score of nomogram showed distinct survival (P < 0.001). Conclusions The nomogram based on CLR and other clinical features can be used as a potentially convenient and reliable tool in predicting survival in patients with CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02471-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qian He
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nengquan Sheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiazi Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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25
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Chen ZY, Li J, Zhu SD, Li ZD, Yu JL, Wu J, Zhang C, Zeng LH. Harmine reinforces the effects of regorafenib on suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:209. [PMID: 35126712 PMCID: PMC8796640 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Di Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Di Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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26
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Lan J, Li K, Gresham A, Miao J. Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate attenuates inflammation by upregulating circ-Sirt1 and inhibiting the entry of NF-κB into the nucleus. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174693. [PMID: 34896110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that exists in a large number of diseases. NF-κB has been proven to play a pivotal role in the development of inflammation. New drugs aimed at inhibiting the expression of NF-κB have gained attention from researchers. Sirt1 has an anti-inflammatory function, and the circRNA encoded by the Sirt1 gene may also play roles in the anti-inflammatory reaction of Sirt1. In the present study, LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells were used as an inflammatory cell model, and tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate (TSS) was used as a therapeutic drug. We found that TSS downregulated LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β expression nearly threefold. LPS reduced Circ-sirt1 mRNA expression by one-third, while TSS started this phenomenon. In addition, overexpression/knockdown of Circ-sirt1 neutralized the function of TSS by regulating the translocation of NF-κB. Thus, we proved that TSS has an anti-inflammatory function by upregulating circ-Sirt1 and subsequently inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB. An in vivo experiment was also performed to confirm the protective function of TSS on inflammation. These results indicated that TSS is a potential treatment for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Lan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Li
- Henan General Hospital,Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jifei Miao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen, Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
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27
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Wang Q, Huang J, Li S, Zhang Y, Sun R, Ren J, Shi S, Cui L. Fermentation supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus drives catabolism in chondrocytes via NF-κB signaling mediated increase of cholesterol metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112952. [PMID: 34848206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes irreversible cartilage degradation and subsequent permanent joint dysfunction. Recently, cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis is recognized to be associated with metabolic disorders. However, whether cholesterol metabolism is linked to septic arthritis pathology remains largely unknown. Here, we found that exposure to fermentation supernatant (FS) of S. aureus in chondrocytes resulted in a significant increase in expression of key modulators involved in cholesterol metabolism, including lectin-type oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX1), cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), 25- hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) as well as retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα), a binding receptor for cholesterol metabolites. We further demonstrated that enhancement of CH25H/CYP7B1/RORα axis resulted from FS exposure was mediated by activation of NF-κB signaling, along with upregulation in catabolic factors including matrix metallopeptidases (MMP3 and MMP13), aggrecanase-2 (ADAMTS5), and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) in chondrocytes. Exogenous cholesterol acts synergistically with FS in activating NF-κB pathway and increases cholesterol metabolism. While, the addition of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) which promotes cholesterol efflux, resulted in remarkable reduction of intracellular cholesterol level and restoration of balance between anabolism and catabolism in FS treated chondrocytes. Collectively, our data indicated that, in response to FS of S. aureus, NF-κB signaling activation coupled with increased cholesterol metabolism to stimulate catabolic factors in chondrocytes, highlighting cholesterol metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for treating septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China & Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaijun Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhu Sun
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Ren
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China & Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Huang X, Wei X, Qiao S, Zhang X, Li R, Hu S, Mao H, Liu P. Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme a Reductase (HMGCR) Expression are Associated with Platinum-Resistance and Prognosis in Ovarian Carcinoma Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:9015-9024. [PMID: 34908877 PMCID: PMC8664653 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s337873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The efficacy of post-surgery platinum-based chemotherapy, the primary choice for the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC), is greatly reduced by the development of drug-resistance. In this study, we investigated the association of expression low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), two cholesterol metabolism-related proteins, in OC tissues and chemoresistance and patient prognosis. Methods Survival analysis using LDLR and HMGCR expression in the ovarian cancer patients using the dataset of Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was carried out online. A retrospective study was performed on 65 patients who had undergone surgery for ovarian cancer. In addition, patients were divided into 2 groups: platinum resistance group and platinum sensitivity group. Serum lipid metabolism data were collected and analyzed. Protein expressions of LDLR and HMGCR in ovarian cancer tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Online survival analysis showed that patients with higher LDLR expression had poorer prognosis than those with lower LDLR expression in ovarian cancer cells, while a higher HMGCR expression was associated with better OC prognosis. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were lower in patients with higher LDLR levels (OS: P=0.046, DFS: P=0.009). Platinum-resistant patients had higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol in serum as compared with platinum-sensitive patients (P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed that LDLR expression was high and HMGCR was low in platinum-resistant patients. Conclusion The expression of LDLR and HMGCR proteins, involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and the plasma LDL and cholesterol levels were significantly different in platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients. We postulate that cholesterol metabolic reprogramming might play a role in platinum resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunxue Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongluan Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
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29
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Abdulla N, Vincent CT, Kaur M. Mechanistic Insights Delineating the Role of Cholesterol in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728325. [PMID: 34869315 PMCID: PMC8640133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advancements made in targeted anti-cancer therapy, drug resistance constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon leading to therapy failure and ultimately mortality. Emerging experimental evidence highlight a role of cholesterol metabolism in facilitating drug resistance in cancer. This review aims to describe the role of cholesterol in facilitating multi-drug resistance in cancer. We focus on specific signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance and the link between these pathways and cholesterol. Additionally, we briefly discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the documented link between EMT, metastasis and drug resistance. We illustrate this by specifically focusing on hypoxia and the role it plays in influencing cellular cholesterol content following EMT induction. Finally, we provide a proposed model delineating the crucial role of cholesterol in EMT and discuss whether targeting cholesterol could serve as a novel means of combatting drug resistance in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaziyah Abdulla
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Theresa Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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30
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Hussein MA, Ismail NEM, Mohamed AH, Borik RM, Ali AA, Mosaad YO. Plasma Phospholipids: A Promising Simple Biochemical Parameter to Evaluate COVID-19 Infection Severity. Bioinform Biol Insights 2021; 15:11779322211055891. [PMID: 34840499 PMCID: PMC8619733 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211055891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health problem that has been known in China since December 25, 2019. Phospholipids are structural components of the mammalian cytoskeleton and cell membranes. They suppress viral attachment to the plasma membrane and subsequent replication in lung cells. In the virus-infected lung, phospholipids are highly prone to oxidation by reactive oxygen species, leading to the production of oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs). Objective: This study was carried out to explain the correlation between the level of plasma phospholipids in patients with COVID-19 infection and the levels of cytokine storms to assess the severity of the disease. Methods: Plasma samples from 34 enrolled patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 infection were collected. Complete blood count (CBC), plasma levels of D-dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), phospholipids, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)α2, and cytokine storms were estimated, and lung computed tomography (CT) imaging was detected. Results: The CBC picture showed the presence of leukopenia, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia in patients with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, a significant increase was found in plasma levels of D-dimer, CRP, ferritin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-13 as well as sPLA2α2 activity compared to normal persons. However, plasma levels of phospholipids decreased in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection, as well as significantly decreased in levels of triacylglycerols and HDL-C in plasma from patients with severe infection only, compared to normal persons. Furthermore, a lung CT scan showed the presence of inflammation in a patient with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: This study shows that there is a correlation between plasma phospholipid depletion and elevated cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 infection. Depletion of plasma phospholipid levels in patients with COVID-19 infection is due to oxidative stress, induction of cytokine storm, and systemic inflammatory response after endothelial cell damage promote coagulation. According to current knowledge, patients with COVID-19 infection may need to administer surfactant replacement therapy and sPLA2 inhibitors to treat respiratory distress syndrome, which helps them to maintain the interconnected surfactant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed H Mohamed
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Rita M Borik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Female Section), Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasser O Mosaad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Future University, New Cairo, Egypt
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Sima LE, Chen S, Cardenas H, Zhao G, Wang Y, Ivan C, Huang H, Zhang B, Matei D. Loss of host tissue transglutaminase boosts antitumor T cell immunity by altering STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation in ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002682. [PMID: 34593619 PMCID: PMC8487211 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), an enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells, promotes metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Its distinct effects in cancer versus the host compartments have not been elucidated. METHODS Here, by using a TG2-/- syngeneic ovarian cancer mouse model, we assessed the effects of TG2 deficiency in the host tissues on antitumor immunity and tumor progression. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to phenotype immune cell populations in the peritoneal environment. Cancer cells recovered from malignant ascites were characterized by RNA sequencing, proliferation, and apoptosis assays. RESULTS We observed that host TG2 loss delayed tumor growth and ascites accumulation and caused increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and decreased numbers of myeloid cells in the peritoneal fluid. Tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell cytotoxic responses were enhanced in ascites from TG2-/- versus TG2+/+ mice and CD8+ T cell depletion caused accelerated ascites accumulation in TG2-/- mice. CD8+ T cells from tumor-bearing TG2-/- mice displayed an effector T cell phenotype, differentiated toward effector memory (Tem). Mechanistically, absence of TG2 augmented signals promoting T cell activation, such as increased cytokine-induced STAT1 and attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation in T cells. Additionally, immune-suppressive myeloid cell populations were reduced in the peritoneal milieu of TG2-/- tumor-bearing mice. In response to the more robust immune response caused by loss of TG2, cancer cells growing intraperitoneally exhibited an interferon-γ(IFN-γ) responsive gene signature and underwent apoptosis. In human specimens, stromal, not tumor, TG2 expression correlated indirectly with numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate decreased tumor burden, increased activation and effector function of T cells, and loss of immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment of TG2-/- mice. We propose that TG2 acts as an attenuator of antitumor T cell immunity and is a new immunomodulatory target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Elena Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Medicine; Hematology/Oncology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Horacio Cardenas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yinu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine; Hematology/Oncology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mahboobnia K, Pirro M, Marini E, Grignani F, Bezsonov EE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. PCSK9 and cancer: Rethinking the link. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111758. [PMID: 34058443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is emerging as a major problem globally, as it accounts for the second cause of death despite medical advances. According to epidemiological and basic studies, cholesterol is involved in cancer progression and there are abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism of cancer cells including prostate, breast, and colorectal carcinomas. However, the importance of cholesterol in carcinogenesis and thereby the role of cholesterol homeostasis as a therapeutic target is still a debated area in cancer therapy. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), a serine protease, modulates cholesterol metabolism by attachment to the LDL receptor (LDLR) and reducing its recycling by targeting the receptor for lysosomal destruction. Published research has shown that PCSK9 is also involved in degradation of other LDLR family members namely very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2). As a result, this protein represents an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Interestingly, clinical trials on PCSK9-specific monoclonal antibodies have reported promising results with high efficacy in lowering LDL-C and in turn reducing cardiovascular complications. It is important to note that PCSK9 mediates several other pathways apart from its role in lipid homeostasis, including antiviral activity, hepatic regeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and modulation of various signaling pathways. Furthermore, recent literature has illustrated that PCSK9 is closely associated with incidence and progression of several cancers. In a number of studies, PCSK9 siRNA was shown to effectively suppress the proliferation and invasion of the several studied tumor cells. Hence, a novel application of PCSK9 inhibitors/silencers in cancer/metastasis could be considered. However, due to poor data on effectiveness and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in cancer, the impact of PCSK9 inhibition in these pathological conditions is still unknown. SEARCH METHODS A vast literature search was conducted to find intended studies from 1956 up to 2020, and inclusion criteria were original peer-reviewed publications. PURPOSE OF REVIEW To date, PCSK9 has been scantly investigated in cancer. The question that needs to be discussed is "How does PCSK9 act in cancer pathophysiology and what are the risks or benefits associated to its inhibition?". We reviewed the available publications highlighting the contribution of this proprotein convertase in pathways related to cancer, with focus on the potential implications of its long-term pharmacological inhibition in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Mahboobnia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ettore Marini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Grignani
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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He M, Hu J, Fang T, Tang W, Lv B, Yang B, Xia J. Protein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by interacting with GSTP1 and suppressing the JNK signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0313. [PMID: 33893729 PMCID: PMC8763006 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been found to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of numerous tumors. However, the precise role of PCSK9 and its relationship to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify these issues. METHODS The expression levels of PCSK9 in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines were determined by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses, and the effects of PCSK9 expression on HCC cell biological traits were investigated by overexpressing and downregulating PCSK9 expression in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the mechanism by which PCSK9 mediated dissociation of glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) dimers and phosphorylation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway components were investigated. RESULTS PCSK9 expression levels were significantly lower in HCC tissues than in adjacent non-tumor samples. In vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that PCSK9 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and metastasis. Further analysis showed that PCSK9 interacted with GSTP1 and promoted GSTP1 dimer dissociation and JNK signaling pathway inactivation in HCC cells. Moreover, the relationships between PCSK9 protein expressions and clinical outcomes were investigated. The PCSK9-lo group displayed a significantly shorter overall survival (OS; median OS: 64.2 months vs. 83.2 months; log-rank statistic: 4.237; P = 0.04) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; median RFS: 26.5 months vs. 46.6 months; log-rank statistic: 10.498; P = 0.001) time than the PCSK9-hi group. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis by interacting with GSTP1 and suppressing JNK signaling, suggesting that PCSK9 might act as a tumor suppressor and be a therapeutic target in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenqing Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bei Lv
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Dong G, Huang X, Wu L, Jiang S, Tan Q, Chen S. SREBF2 triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and Bax dysregulation to promote lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell injury. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:185-201. [PMID: 33677747 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in patients with cirrhosis induced the dysregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), which participated in the modulation of tumor inflammatory microenvironment. However, the role of SREBF2 in the LPS-induced injury of portal vein endothelium was scarcely reported. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SREBF2 on the LPS-induced injury to endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and in vivo and explore the underlying mechanism. In this study, we found that LPS increased SREBF2 expression through activating the TLR4/JNK/c-Jun pathway and suppressed UBE2I-mediated SREBF2 sumoylation to enhance its transcriptional activity. The dysregulation of SREBF2 induced ER stress by increasing the intracellular cholesterol level and facilitated Bax expression to cause additional damage to LPS-induced ECs. As a potential intervention, miR590-3p negatively regulated SREBF2 expression and upregulated UBE2I expression by targeting TLR4, thus alleviating LPS-induced injury. These results suggest that LPS-induced SREBF2 triggered ER stress and promoted Bax expression to injure ECs, which was reversed by miR590-3p. The mechanisms of SREBF2 mediated LPS-induced endothelial injury of portal vein, which might be the therapeutic target for PVT development in cirrhosis patients. 1. LPS promoted SREBF2 expression by activating the TLR4/JNK/c-Jun pathway and suppressed UBE2I-mediated SREBF2 sumoylation to upregulate SREBF2 transcriptional activity 2. SREBF2-mediated ER stress and Bax expression involved in LPS-induced EC injury 3. miR590-3p decreased SREBF2 expression by targeting TLR4 and mitigated LPS-induced EC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoquan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qintian Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiyao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Vats R, Liu S, Zhu J, Mukhi D, Tutuncuoglu E, Cardenes N, Singh S, Brzoska T, Kosar K, Bamne M, Jonassaint J, Michael AA, Watkins SC, Hillery C, Ma X, Nejak-Bowen K, Rojas M, Gladwin MT, Kato GJ, Ramakrishnan S, Sundd P, Monga SP, Pradhan-Sundd T. Impaired Bile Secretion Promotes Hepatobiliary Injury in Sickle Cell Disease. Hepatology 2020; 72:2165-2181. [PMID: 32190913 PMCID: PMC7923682 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic crisis is an emergent complication affecting patients with sickle cell disease (SCD); however, the molecular mechanism of sickle cell hepatobiliary injury remains poorly understood. Using the knock-in humanized mouse model of SCD and SCD patient blood, we sought to mechanistically characterize SCD-associated hepato-pathophysiology applying our recently developed quantitative liver intravital imaging, RNA sequence analysis, and biochemical approaches. APPROACH AND RESULTS SCD mice manifested sinusoidal ischemia, progressive hepatomegaly, liver injury, hyperbilirubinemia, and increased ductular reaction under basal conditions. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in the liver of SCD mice inhibited farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling and its downstream targets, leading to loss of canalicular bile transport and altered bile acid pool. Intravital imaging revealed impaired bile secretion into the bile canaliculi, which was secondary to loss of canalicular bile transport and bile acid metabolism, leading to intrahepatic bile accumulation in SCD mouse liver. Blocking NF-κB activation rescued FXR signaling and partially ameliorated liver injury and sinusoidal ischemia in SCD mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify that NF-κB/FXR-dependent impaired bile secretion promotes intrahepatic bile accumulation, which contributes to hepatobiliary injury of SCD. Improved understanding of these processes could potentially benefit the development of therapies to treat sickle cell hepatic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vats
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Egemen Tutuncuoglu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nayra Cardenes
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tomasz Brzoska
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karis Kosar
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mikhil Bamne
- Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jude Jonassaint
- Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cheryl Hillery
- Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gregory J Kato
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sadeesh Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Satdarshan Pal Monga
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Wu J, Guo L, Qiu X, Ren Y, Li F, Cui W, Song S. Genkwadaphnin inhibits growth and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1673-1685. [PMID: 32958824 PMCID: PMC7686505 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is the central organ for cholesterol homoeostasis, and its dysfunction might cause liver pathological alterations including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24), a crucial enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, is involved in lipid rafts formation. Genkwadaphnin (GD) is a daphnane diterpene isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zuccarini (Thymelaeaceae). METHODS We evaluated in vitro and in vivo effect of GD using HCC cells and BALB/c nude mice. Microarray assays were used to identify the differential genes by GD. DHCR24 expression and activity, cholesterol level, lipid rafts structure and the role of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens were tested by various molecular biology techniques. RESULTS High expression of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens was correlated with poor clinical outcome. Interfering DHCR24 altered growth and migration of HCC cells. GD inhibited growth and metastasis of HCC cells both in vivo and in vitro. GD suppressed DHCR24 expression and activity, as well as DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation, then further inhibited HCC cell invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DHCR24-mediated cholesterol metabolism might be an effective therapeutic strategy in HCC, and natural product GD might be a promising agent for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Guo
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Qiu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Pathology, Central Theater Command General Hospital PLA, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Feltrin S, Ravera F, Traversone N, Ferrando L, Bedognetti D, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G. Sterol synthesis pathway inhibition as a target for cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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COVID-19-activated SREBP2 disturbs cholesterol biosynthesis and leads to cytokine storm. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:186. [PMID: 32883951 PMCID: PMC7471497 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) is activated by cytokines or pathogen, such as virus or bacteria, but its association with diminished cholesterol levels in COVID-19 patients is unknown. Here, we evaluated SREBP-2 activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 patients and verified the function of SREBP-2 in COVID-19. Intriguingly, we report the first observation of SREBP-2 C-terminal fragment in COVID-19 patients’ blood and propose SREBP-2 C-terminal fragment as an indicator for determining severity. We confirmed that SREBP-2-induced cholesterol biosynthesis was suppressed by Sestrin-1 and PCSK9 expression, while the SREBP-2-induced inflammatory responses was upregulated in COVID-19 ICU patients. Using an infectious disease mouse model, inhibitors of SREBP-2 and NF-κB suppressed cytokine storms caused by viral infection and prevented pulmonary damages. These results collectively suggest that SREBP-2 can serve as an indicator for severity diagnosis and therapeutic target for preventing cytokine storm and lung damage in severe COVID-19 patients.
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The Pivotal Role of the Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061410. [PMID: 32486083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an important role in cellular homeostasis by maintaining the rigidity of cell membranes, providing a medium for signaling transduction, and being converted into other vital macromolecules, such as sterol hormones and bile acids. Epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between cholesterol content and cancer incidence worldwide. Accumulating evidence has shown the emerging roles of the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in cancer development. More specifically, recent reports have shown the distinct role of cholesterol in the suppression of immune cells, regulation of cell survival, and modulation of cancer stem cells in cancer. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiological analysis, functional roles, and mechanistic action of cholesterol homeostasis in regard to its contribution to cancer development. Based on the existing data, cholesterol homeostasis is identified to be a new key player in cancer pathogenesis. Lastly, we also discuss the therapeutic implications of natural compounds and cholesterol-lowering drugs in cancer prevention and treatment. In conclusion, intervention in cholesterol metabolism may offer a new therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.
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Zhang H, Zhuo C, Zhou D, Zhang M, Zhang F, Chen M, Xu S, Chen Z. Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 1 (SNHG1) and Chromosome 2 Open Reading Frame 48 (C2orf48) as Potential Prognostic Signatures for Liver Cancer by Constructing Regulatory Networks. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920482. [PMID: 32036380 PMCID: PMC7029818 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. The present study sought to identify potential signatures that can predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. Material/Methods The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and clinical information of liver cancer patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified between liver cancer and adjacent normal tissues. After predicting lncRNA–miRNA and miRNA–mRNA pairs using online databases, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. Furthermore, the prognostic value of these differentially expressed genes was evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results After constructing the ceRNA network, 2 lncRNAs small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) and chromosome 2 open reading frame 48 (C2orf48) with the most nodes were identified. Correlation analysis revealed that SNHG1 was correlated with miR-195 and C2orf48 was correlated with miR-195 and miR-93. High expression of SNHG1, C2orf48, and miR-93 can contribute to poorer clinical outcomes compared to low expression. Furthermore, low miR-195 expression was correlated with shorter survival time than was high expression. SNHG1 and C2orf48 were closely associated with histology grade. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that SNHG1 and C2orf48 are risk factors for liver cancer. Conclusions Our findings revealed that SNHG1 and C2orf48 possess potential prognostic value and should be considered as possible biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes for patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Changhua Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Mingji Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Minyong Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaoshuo Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
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41
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Huang B, Song BL, Xu C. Cholesterol metabolism in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2020; 2:132-141. [PMID: 32694690 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism produces essential membrane components as well as metabolites with a variety of biological functions. In the tumour microenvironment, cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues reprogram cholesterol metabolism and consequently promote tumourigenesis. Cholesterol-derived metabolites play complex roles in supporting cancer progression and suppressing immune responses. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that manipulating cholesterol metabolism inhibits tumour growth, reshapes the immunological landscape and reinvigorates anti-tumour immunity. Here, we review cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells, its role in cancer progression and the mechanisms through which cholesterol metabolites affect immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with cholesterol metabolism, and how the combination of such approaches with existing anti-cancer therapies can have synergistic effects, thus offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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42
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Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Vehicles for Cancer: Rationale and Reason. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246327. [PMID: 31847457 PMCID: PMC6940806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are a family of naturally occurring macromolecular complexes consisting amphiphilic apoproteins, phospholipids, and neutral lipids. The physiological role of mammalian plasma lipoproteins is to transport their apolar cargo (primarily cholesterol and triglyceride) to their respective destinations through a highly organized ligand-receptor recognition system. Current day synthetic nanoparticle delivery systems attempt to accomplish this task; however, many only manage to achieve limited results. In recent years, many research labs have employed the use of lipoprotein or lipoprotein-like carriers to transport imaging agents or drugs to tumors. The purpose of this review is to highlight the pharmacologic, clinical, and molecular evidence for utilizing lipoprotein-based formulations and discuss their scientific rationale. To accomplish this task, evidence of dynamic drug interactions with circulating plasma lipoproteins are presented. This is followed by epidemiologic and molecular data describing the association between cholesterol and cancer.
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43
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Fei W, Xuan Y, Jian X, Yue W, Yuejun Y, Yu J, Huifang X, Yuancai L, Yifu Y, Xiangwei Z. One New Phenolic Compound from Castanea mollissima Shells and its Suppression of HepatomaCell Proliferation and Inflammation by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E466. [PMID: 30678222 PMCID: PMC6386821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shells of Castanea mollissima (CMS), an agricultural remain and often considered waste from chestnut processing industry, have been proven a resource for traditional Chinese medicine. One new phenol, named castanolB(1), andsix known phenolic compounds (2⁻7) were isolated froma water-soluble extract of CMS. Their chemical structures were determined using preparative HPLC and various spectral analyses, and then were compared to literatures, which indicated the first identification of the seven compounds from C. mollissima. The physicochemical property of compound (2) was also reported for the first time. After antiproliferative screening of compounds (1⁻7) on LPS-induced SMMC-7721 and HepG2 hepatoma cells, castanolB (1) showed the best suppression. CastanolB(1) also significantly induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, castanolB (1) decreasedsecretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Mechanistically, TLR4⁻NF-κB pathway was inhibited bycastanolB (1) with downregulation of TLR4, IKKβ, and NF-κB p65. This study presents a new phenol and shows its profiles of anticancer and anti-inflammation via inhibiting the TLR4⁻NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Fei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Yao Xuan
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Xu Jian
- Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, 435100, China.
| | - Wu Yue
- Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, 435100, China.
| | - Yang Yuejun
- Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, 435100, China.
| | - Jin Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Xie Huifang
- Biotechnology Research & Innovation Department, Shanghai Huangdian Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Liu Yuancai
- Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, 435100, China.
| | - Yang Yifu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Zheng Xiangwei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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Davient B, Ng JPZ, Xiao Q, Li L, Yang L. Comparative Transcriptomics Unravels Prodigiosin's Potential Cancer-Specific Activity Between Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells and Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:573. [PMID: 30568916 PMCID: PMC6290060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is extremely lethal upon metastasis and requires safe and effective systemic therapies to improve a patient's prognosis. Prodigiosin (PG) appears to selectively and effectively target cancer but not healthy cells. However, PG's cancer-specific activity has remained elusive until recently. Methods: PG's cancer-specific performance was compared to Docetaxel (DTX), Paclitaxel (PTX), and Doxorubicin (DOX) against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEC). Combination of PG with DTX, PTX, or DOX in a 1:1 ED50 ratio was also evaluated. MTT assay was used to determine the post-treatment cell viability. RNA-sequencing was used for comparative transcriptomics analysis between A549 and HSAEC treated with 1.0 μM PG for 24 h. Results: PG reduced A549 cell viability by four-folds greater than HSAEC. In comparison to DTX, PTX and DOX, PG was ~1.7 times more toxic toward A549, and 2.5 times more protective toward HSAEC. Combination of PG in a 1:1 ED50 ratio with DTX, PTX, or DOX failed to exhibit synergistic toxicity toward A549 or protection toward HSAEC. In A549, genes associated in DNA replication were downregulated, while genes directly or indirectly associated in lipid and cholesterol biogenesis were upregulated. In HSAEC, co-upregulation of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive genes was observed. Conclusion: An overactive lipid and cholesterol biogenesis could have caused A549's autophagy, while a balancing-act between genes of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive nature could have conferred HSAEC heightened survival. Overall, PG appears to be a smart chemotherapeutic agent that may be both safe and effective for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Davient
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica Pei Zhen Ng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Respiratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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45
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Momtazi AA, Banach M, Pirro M, Stein EA, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs: New Therapeutic Targets for Familial Hypercholesterolemia? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:224-233. [PMID: 28534160 PMCID: PMC5874276 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common inherited form of dyslipidemia and a major cause of premature cardiovascular disease. Management of FH mainly relies on the efficiency of treatments that reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been suggested as emerging regulators of plasma LDL-C concentrations. Notably, there is evidence showing that miRs can regulate the post-transcriptional expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of FH, including LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, and LDLRAP1. In addition, many miRs are located in genomic loci associated with abnormal levels of circulating lipids and lipoproteins in human plasma. The strong regulatory effects of miRs on the expression of FH-associated genes support of the notion that manipulation of miRs might serve as a potential novel therapeutic approach. The present review describes miRs-targeting FH-associated genes that could be used as potential therapeutic targets in patients with FH or other severe dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Zeromskiego 113, 90-549, Lodz, Poland. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. .,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Evan A Stein
- Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran. .,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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Stojkovic S, Jurisic M, Kopp CW, Koppensteiner R, Huber K, Wojta J, Gremmel T. Circulating microRNAs identify patients at increased risk of in-stent restenosis after peripheral angioplasty with stent implantation. Atherosclerosis 2018; 269:197-203. [PMID: 29366993 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Target lesion restenosis is the most frequent complication after angioplasty and stenting for peripheral artery disease (PAD). MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate crucial pathophysiological processes leading to in-stent restenosis and thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of 11 miRs for the composite endpoint of target lesion restenosis and atherothrombotic events (primary endpoint), and target vessel revascularization (TVR, secondary endpoint) in 62 consecutive PAD patients after infrainguinal angioplasty with stent implantation. METHODS Circulating miRs were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. RESULTS Within the 2 years of follow-up, the primary endpoint occurred in 26 patients (41.9%), and 21 patients (33.9%) underwent TVR. miR-92a and miR-195 were identified as independent predictors of the primary endpoint after adjustment for age, sex and clinical risk factors with respective HR per 1 increase of standard deviation (1-SD) of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.34-0.88, p = 0.013) and HR per 1-SD of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23-0.68, p = 0.001). MiR-195 independently predicted TVR with HR per 1-SD of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22-0.75, p = 0.005). Adding miR-195 to clinical risk factors improved Harrell's C-index to 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66-0.85, p = 0.03) and was superior to a model with miR-92a (C-index: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.80, p for comparison =0 .012). Assessment of both miR-92a and miR-195 had no incremental value when compared to miR-195 alone (C-index: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88, p = 0.313). CONCLUSIONS Circulating miR-195 predicts adverse ischemic events and TVR after infrainguinal angioplasty with stent implantation. MiR-195 could improve risk stratification after peripheral endovascular revascularizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Jurisic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud Private University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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48
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An D, Hao F, Hu C, Kong W, Xu X, Cui MZ. JNK1 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced CD14 and SR-AI Expression and Macrophage Foam Cell Formation. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1075. [PMID: 29354064 PMCID: PMC5760559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation is the key process in the development of atherosclerosis. The uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) converts macrophages into foam cells. We recently reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced foam cell formation is regulated by CD14 and scavenger receptor AI (SR-AI). In this study, we employed pharmaceutical and gene knockdown approaches to determine the upstream molecular mediators, which control LPS-induced foam cell formation. Our results demonstrated that the specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway inhibitor, SP600125, but neither the specific inhibitor of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase MEK1/2, U0126, nor the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB203580, significantly blocks LPS-induced oxLDL uptake, suggesting that the JNK pathway is the upstream mediator of LPS-induced oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation. To address whether JNK pathway mediates LPS-induced oxLDL uptake is due to JNK pathway-regulated CD14 and SR-AI expression, we assessed whether the pharmaceutical inhibitor of JNK influences LPS-induced expression of CD14 and SR-AI. Our results indicate that JNK pathway mediates LPS-induced CD14 and SR-AI expression. To conclusively address the isoform role of JNK family, we depleted JNK isoforms using the JNK isoform-specific siRNA. Our data showed that the depletion of JNK1, but not JNK2 blocked LPS-induced CD14/SR-AI expression and foam cell formation. Taken together, our results reveal for the first time that JNK1 is the key mediator of LPS-induced CD14 and SR-AI expression in macrophages, leading to LPS-induced oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation. We conclude that the novel JNK1/CD14/SR-AI pathway controls macrophage oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Feng Hao
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Wei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuemin Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Overexpression of microRNA-125b inhibits human acute myeloid leukemia cells invasion, proliferation and promotes cells apoptosis by targeting NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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