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Causby B, Jakimowicz S, Levett-Jones T. Upskill training and preparedness of non-critical-care registered nurses deployed to intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Aust Crit Care 2024:S1036-7314(24)00032-8. [PMID: 38582624 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in intensive care unit (ICU) capacity compelled by the COVID-19 pandemic required the rapid deployment of non-critical-care registered nurses to the ICU setting. The upskill training needed to prepare these registered nurses for deployment was rapidly assembled due to the limited timeframe associated with the escalating pandemic. Scoping the literature to identify the content, structure, and effectiveness of the upskill education provided is necessary to identify lessons learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic response so that they may guide workforce preparation for future surge planning. AIM The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature to identify the available information regarding upskill training and preparedness of non-critical-care registered nurses deployed to the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This scoping review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology. A protocol outlined the review questions and used the participants, concept, and context framework to define the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A search of healthcare databases MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane, and Scopus was supplemented with a grey literature search via Google. RESULTS Screening and review found 32 manuscripts that met the inclusion criterion for examination. Analysis revealed variation in duration of programs, theoretical versus practical content, face-to-face or online mode of delivery, and duration of preparation time at the bedside in the ICU setting. Data on contributors to preparedness for deployment were sparse but included training, support, peer education, buddy time, and clarity around responsibilities and communication. DISCUSSION Evaluation of upskill education was mostly limited to post-training surveys. Few studies explored the preparedness of deployed registered nurses as an outcome of their upskill training or described measures of effectiveness of ICU deployment. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence describing preparedness of non-critical-care registered nurses on deployment to the ICU. Further research is needed to identify what elements of upskill education led to preparedness and effective deployment to the ICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Causby
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Intensive Care Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Samantha Jakimowicz
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia.
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Lv C, Guo W, Yin X, Liu L, Huang X, Li S, Zhang L. Innovative applications of artificial intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100095. [PMID: 38586543 PMCID: PMC10998276 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies hold tremendous potential for tackling key aspects of pandemic management and response. In the present review, we discuss the tremendous possibilities of AI technology in addressing the global challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. First, we outline the multiple impacts of the current pandemic on public health, the economy, and society. Next, we focus on the innovative applications of advanced AI technologies in key areas such as COVID-19 prediction, detection, control, and drug discovery for treatment. Specifically, AI-based predictive analytics models can use clinical, epidemiological, and omics data to forecast disease spread and patient outcomes. Additionally, deep neural networks enable rapid diagnosis through medical imaging. Intelligent systems can support risk assessment, decision-making, and social sensing, thereby improving epidemic control and public health policies. Furthermore, high-throughput virtual screening enables AI to accelerate the identification of therapeutic drug candidates and opportunities for drug repurposing. Finally, we discuss future research directions for AI technology in combating COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. Though promising, barriers related to model generalization, data quality, infrastructure readiness, and ethical risks must be addressed to fully translate these innovations into real-world impacts. Multidisciplinary collaboration engaging diverse expertise and stakeholders is imperative for developing robust, responsible, and human-centered AI solutions against COVID-19 and future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Lv
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenqiang Guo
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Yin
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Brustia R, Amaddeo G, Rhaiem R, Levesque E, Monsel A, Baaroun V, Dimmock M, Rousseau MA, Wagner-Ballon O, Botterel F, Andujar P, Sommacale D. Educational interventions to integrate surgical staff within medical units during the COVID-19 pandemic: EDUCOVID survey. Acta Chir Belg 2024; 124:12-19. [PMID: 36346005 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2022.2145720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic required a rapid surge of healthcare capacity to face a growing number of critically ill patients. For this reason, a support reserve of physicians, including surgeons, were required to be reassigned to offer support. OBJECTIVE To realize a survey on the educational programs deployed (face-to-face or e-learning focusing on infective area, basic gestures, COVID clinical management and intensive care medicine), and their impact on behavior change (Kirkpatrick 3) of the target population of surgeons, measured on a five modalities Likert scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional online e-survey (NCT04732858) within surgeons from the Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris network, metropolitan area of Paris, France. RESULTS Cross-sectional e-Survey: among 382 surgeons invited, 37 (9.7%) participated. The effectiveness of the educational interventions on behavior changes was rated within the highest region of the Likert scale by 15% (n = 3) and 22% (n = 6) for 'e-learning' and 'face-to-face' delivery modes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the low response rate, this survey suggests an overall low impact on behaviour change among responders affiliated to a surgical discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Brustia
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-pancreatic-biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France, Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Rami Rhaiem
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Digestive Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital, Reims, France
- University Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Eric Levesque
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care-Liver ICU, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, EA Dynamyc Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Medicine Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Baaroun
- Oral Surgery Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Mylène Dimmock
- Hôpital Henri-Mondor - Service de médecine bucco-dentaire - Groupe Henri Mondor AP-HP, Île de France Créteil, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Rousseau
- Orthopedics Department, Bichat Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Wagner-Ballon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- Département d'hématologie et d'immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
| | - Francoise Botterel
- EA 7380 Dynamyc, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC Anses, Créteil, France
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de revention, diagnostic et traitement des infections, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Pascal Andujar
- INSERM Unité U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Service de Pathologie Professionnelle et de l'Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Daniele Sommacale
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-pancreatic-biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
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Najafi H, Kavosi Z, Rakhshan M, Karimi J, Marzale MA, Bijani M, Peyravi M. Exploring senior managers' experiences preparedness to respond to COVID-19: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:776. [PMID: 37474970 PMCID: PMC10360321 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemics caused by emerging respiratory viruses are challenging for the health system of most societies, and preparedness of the health system in responding to such epidemics is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was identifying different fields and key issues of the senior managers' experiences preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic from the Iranian senior managers' point of view. METHODS This is a qualitative descriptive study. Eighteen in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted for data collection. For this purpose, 18 senior managers with work experience in managing the COVID-19 crisis were enrolled in the study using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman's approach. RESULTS Analysis of the data resulted in the emergence of five themes and twelve sub-themes. The main themes and sub-themes included: (1) capacity improvement consisting of performance improvement and logistic improvement; (2) resource and infrastructure management including supply and support of human resources, infrastructure improvement, and supply of equipment; (3) an increase in epidemiology capacity including epidemiology improvement and emerging disease surveillance; (4) application of the principles of disaster and emergency management including intra- and extra-organizational interaction management, disaster risk management, and data management; and (5) society resilience increase including improving adaptation skill and maintaining health and social participation. CONCLUSION The results of this study present the key issues for the management of future emergency situations. Health system managers and policymakers in Iran and other countries should be aware of these key issues and apply them in practice to prepare the health systems to respond to next outbreaks. Indeed, the study results can help policymakers and health system managers to plan to achieve acceptable preparedness for the management of such outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojatolah Najafi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Kavosi
- Health Human Resources Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rakhshan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jalal Karimi
- Department of Infection Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Milad Ahmadi Marzale
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Peyravi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Hadinejad F, Morad H, Jahanshahi M, Zarrabi A, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Mostafavi E. A Novel Vision of Reinforcing Nanofibrous Masks with Metal Nanoparticles: Antiviral Mechanisms Investigation. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1-45. [PMID: 37361103 PMCID: PMC10088653 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-023-00275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of spreading viral respiratory disease, especially in case of a pandemic such as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), has been proved impossible without considering obligatory face mask-wearing protocols for both healthy and contaminated populations. The widespread application of face masks for long hours and almost everywhere increases the risks of bacterial growth in the warm and humid environment inside the mask. On the other hand, in the absence of antiviral agents on the surface of the mask, the virus may have a chance to stay alive and be carried to different places or even put the wearers at risk of contamination when touching or disposing the masks. In this article, the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of some of the potent metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in the role of promising virucidal agents have been reviewed, and incorporation of them in an electrospun nanofibrous structure has been considered an applicable method for the fabrication of innovative respiratory protecting materials with upgraded safety levels. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Hadinejad
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, 4714873113 Iran
| | - Hamed Morad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1475886973 Iran
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, 4691710001 Iran
| | - Mohsen Jahanshahi
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, 4714873113 Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396 Turkey
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535 Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535 Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Hillary VE, Ceasar SA. An update on COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 variants, antiviral drugs, and vaccines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13952. [PMID: 36855648 PMCID: PMC9946785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that first appeared in late December 2019. This SARS-CoV-2 causes an infection of an acute respiratory disease called "coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a great pandemic on March 11, 2020. As of January 31, 2023, SARS-CoV-2 recorded more than 67 million cases and over 6 million deaths. Recently, novel mutated variants of SARS-CoV are also creating a serious health concern worldwide, and the future novel variant is still mysterious. As infection cases of SARS-CoV-2 are increasing daily, scientists are trying to combat the disease using numerous antiviral drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review that summarized the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, SARS-CoV-2 variants (a variant of concern and variant of interest), antiviral drugs and vaccines utilized against SARS-CoV-2 at a glance. Hopefully, this review will enable the researcher to gain knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccines, which will also pave the way to identify efficient novel vaccines against forthcoming SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- Antiviral drugs
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus infectious disease-2019
- EUA, Emergency Use Authorization
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- NIH, National Institutes of Health
- RBD, Receptor-binding domain
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2 variants
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- VOC, Variants of Concern
- VOI, Variants of Interests
- Vaccines
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese Edwin Hillary
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, 683 104, Kerala, India
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Han YJ, Lee KM, Wu GH, Gong YN, Dutta A, Shih SR. Targeting influenza A virus by splicing inhibitor herboxidiene reveals the importance of subtype-specific signatures around splice sites. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:10. [PMID: 36737756 PMCID: PMC9895974 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between M segment splicing and pathogenicity remains ambiguous in human influenza A viruses. In this study, we aimed to investigate M splicing in various human influenza A viruses and characterize its physiological roles by applying the splicing inhibitor, herboxidiene. METHODS We examined the M splicing of human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses by comparing three H1N1 and H3N2 strains, respectively, through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. We randomly selected M sequences of human H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 viruses isolated from 1933 to 2020 and examined their phylogenetic relationships. Next, we determined the effects of single nucleotide variations on M splicing by generating mutant viruses harboring the 55C/T variant through reverse genetics. To confirm the importance of M2 splicing in the replication of H1N1 and H3N2, we treated infected cells with splicing inhibitor herboxidiene and analyzed the viral growth using plaque assay. To explore the physiological role of the various levels of M2 protein in pathogenicity, we challenged C57BL/6 mice with the H1N1 WSN wild-type strain, mutant H1N1 (55T), and chimeric viruses including H1N1 + H3wt and H1N1 + H3mut. One-tailed paired t-test was used for virus titer calculation and multiple comparisons between groups were performed using two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS M sequence splice site analysis revealed an evolutionarily conserved single nucleotide variant C55T in H3N2, which impaired M2 expression and was accompanied by collinear M1 and mRNA3 production. Aberrant M2 splicing resulted from splice-site selection rather than a general defect in the splicing process. The C55T substitution significantly reduced both M2 mRNA and protein levels regardless of the virus subtype. Consequently, herboxidiene treatment dramatically decreased both the H1N1 and H3N2 virus titers. However, a lower M2 expression only attenuated H1N1 virus replication and in vivo pathogenicity. This attenuated phenotype was restored by M replacement of H3N2 M in a chimeric H1N1 virus, despite low M2 levels. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy in M2-dependence emphasizes the importance of M2 in human influenza A virus pathogenicity, which leads to subtype-specific evolution. Our findings provide insights into virus adaptation processes in humans and highlights splicing regulation as a potential antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Han
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Research Center of Emerging Virus Infection, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ming Lee
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Research Center of Emerging Virus Infection, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.454211.70000 0004 1756 999XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hong Wu
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Research Center of Emerging Virus Infection, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Research Center of Emerging Virus Infection, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.454211.70000 0004 1756 999XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.454211.70000 0004 1756 999XDepartment of Laboratory Science, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Avijit Dutta
- grid.454211.70000 0004 1756 999XDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center of Emerging Virus Infection, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Laboratory Science, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lv C, Li Y, Wang T, Zhang Q, Qi J, Sima M, Li E, Qin T, Shi Z, Li F, Wang X, Sun W, Feng N, Yang S, Xia X, Jin N, Zhou Y, Gao Y. Taurolidine improved protection against highly pathogenetic avian influenza H5N1 virus lethal-infection in mouse model by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Virol Sin 2023; 38:119-127. [PMID: 36450323 PMCID: PMC10006309 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurolidine (TRD), a derivative of taurine, has anti-bacterial and anti-tumor effects by chemically reacting with cell-walls, endotoxins and exotoxins to inhibit the adhesion of microorganisms. However, its application in antiviral therapy is seldom reported. Here, we reported that TRD significantly inhibited the replication of influenza virus H5N1 in MDCK cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (EC50) of 34.45 μg/mL. Furthermore, the drug inhibited the amplification of the cytokine storm effect and improved the survival rate of mice lethal challenged with H5N1 (protection rate was 86%). Moreover, TRD attenuated virus-induced lung damage and reduced virus titers in mice lungs. Administration of TRD reduced the number of neutrophils and increased the number of lymphocytes in the blood of H5N1 virus-infected mice. Importantly, the drug regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the separation of NF-κB and IκBa, thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our findings suggested that TRD could act as a potential anti-influenza drug candidate in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiang Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China; College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Mingwei Sima
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China; College of Basic Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Entao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Tian Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Fangxu Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China; College of Basic Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun, 130122, China; College of Basic Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130033, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Callum J, Bégin P, Jamula E, Liu Y, Kron AT, Auclair MC, Cushing M, Arnold DM. Lessons learned from the CONCOR-1 trial. Transfus Med 2023; 33:21-25. [PMID: 35633145 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Faced with an evolving pandemic and a lack of clarity of the role of convalescent plasma for patients with COVID-19, the CONCOR-1 trial was launched. In 14 months the trial was designed, launched, completed, and submitted for publication. In total, 72 sites in three countries served by four blood suppliers randomised 940 patients. Many enablers facilitated the trial including: three study principal investigators to distribute the trial workload, diverse steering committee members, an international data safety monitoring committee, multiple statisticians and methodologists, virtual meeting platforms, REDCap data platform, pausing of non-COVID-19 trials, rapid approval pathways for institutional review boards and regulators, centralised institutional review boards in many locations, restriction of use of convalescent plasma to trial participants and the incredible dedication by research personnel. In future pandemics, we need to be prepared for rapid launch of trials. The protocols, consent forms, data collection tools, and procedures need to be in draft form ready for use at all times. We were well-prepared for blood shortages but should have anticipated the need to conduct trials with convalescent plasma. In this short article, we detail our lessons learned to inform researchers faced with the next pandemic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Callum
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre and Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Philippe Bégin
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Erin Jamula
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amie T Kron
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Melissa Cushing
- Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, NewYork-Presbyterian, New York City, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, USA
| | - Donald M Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Canada.,McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Canada
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10
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Ge P, Ross TM. Evaluation of Pre-Pandemic Trivalent COBRA HA Vaccine in Mice Pre-Immune to Historical H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:203. [PMID: 36680243 PMCID: PMC9861495 DOI: 10.3390/v15010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial exposure to influenza virus(es) during early childhood produces protective antibodies that may be recalled following future exposure to subsequent viral infections or vaccinations. Most influenza vaccine research studies use immunologically naïve animal models to assess vaccine effectiveness. However, most people have an extensive influenza immune history, with memory cells produced by viruses or vaccines representing multiple influenza viruses. In this study, we explored the effect influenza seasonal virus-induced immunity has on pre-pandemic influenza virus vaccination. The mice that were pre-immune to historical H1N1 and H3N2 seasonal influenza viruses were vaccinated with adjuvanted pre-pandemic (H2, H5, and H7) HA-based computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) vaccines, and were fully protected from lethal challenge, whereas the mock-vaccinated mice, with or without pre-immunity, were not protected from morbidity or mortality. Detectable antibody titers were present in the pre-immune mice vaccinated with a single dose of vaccine, but not in the immunologically naïve mice. The mice vaccinated twice with the trivalent COBRA HA vaccine had similar antibody titers regardless of their pre-immune status. Overall, seasonal pre-immunity did not interfere with the immune responses elicited by pre-pandemic COBRA HA vaccines or the protection against pre-pandemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ge
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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11
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Managing COVID-19 in an Australian designated isolation facility: Implications for current and future healthcare crises based on in-depth interviews. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278479. [PMID: 36454875 PMCID: PMC9714878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care workers' (HCWs) lived experiences and perceptions of the pandemic can prove to be a valuable resource in the face of a seemingly persistent Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-to inform ongoing efforts, as well as identify components essential to a crisis preparedness plan and the issues pertinent to supporting relevant, immediate change. We employed a phenomenological approach and, using purposive sampling, conducted 39 semi-structured interviews with senior healthcare professionals who were employed at a designated COVID-19 facility in New South Wales (NSW), Australia during the height of the pandemic in 2020. Participants comprised administrators, heads of department and senior clinicians. We obtained these HCWs' (i) perspectives of their lived experience on what was done well and what could have been done differently and (ii) recommendations on actions for current and future crisis response. Four themes emerged: minimise the spread of disease at all times; maintain a sense of collegiality and informed decision-making; plan for future crises; and promote corporate and clinical agility. These themes encapsulated respondents' insights that should inform our capacity to meet current needs, direct meaningful and in situ change, and prepare us for future crises. Respondents' observations and recommendations are informative for decision-makers tasked with mobilising an efficacious approach to the next health crisis and, in the interim, would aid the governance of a more robust workforce to effect high quality patient care in a safe environment.
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12
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Decker BK, Forrester LA, Henderson DK. Management of Unique Pneumonias Seen in the Intensive Care Unit. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022; 36:825-837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Preparing for the Worst-Case Scenario in a Pandemic: Intensivists Simulate Prioritization and Triage of Scarce ICU Resources. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:1714-1724. [PMID: 36222541 PMCID: PMC9668365 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Simulation and evaluation of a prioritization protocol at a German university hospital using a convergent parallel mixed methods design. DESIGN Prospective single-center cohort study with a quantitative analysis of ICU patients and qualitative content analysis of two focus groups with intensivists. SETTING Five ICUs of internal medicine and anesthesiology at a German university hospital. PATIENTS Adult critically ill ICU patients ( n = 53). INTERVENTIONS After training the attending senior ICU physicians ( n = 13) in rationing, an impending ICU congestion was simulated. All ICU patients were rated according to their likelihood to survive their acute illness (good-moderate-unfavorable). From each ICU, the two patients with the most unfavorable prognosis ( n = 10) were evaluated by five prioritization teams for triage. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients nominated for prioritization visit ( n = 10) had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores and already a longer stay at the hospital and on the ICU compared with the other patients. The order within this worst prognosis group was not congruent between the five teams. However, an in-hospital mortality of 80% confirmed the reasonable match with the lowest predicted probability of survival. Qualitative data highlighted the tremendous burden of triage and the need for a team-based consensus-oriented decision-making approach to ensure best possible care and to support professionals. Transparent communication within the teams, the hospital, and to the public was seen as essential for prioritization implementation. CONCLUSIONS To mitigate potential bias and to reduce the emotional burden of triage, a consensus-oriented, interdisciplinary, and collaborative approach should be implemented. Prognostic comparative assessment by intensivists is feasible. The combination of long-term ICU stay and consistently high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores resulted in a greater risk for triage in patients. It remains challenging to reliably differentiate between patients with very low chances to survive and requires further conceptual and empirical research.
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14
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An ultrasensitive, rapid and portable method for screening oseltamivir-resistant virus based on CRISPR/Cas12a combined with immunochromatographic strips. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1630-1636. [PMID: 36604145 PMCID: PMC9828330 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a significant public health challenge because of the emergence of antigenically shifted or highly virulent strains. The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is used as an antiviral drug in clinical treatment. However, its therapeutic effects can be greatly compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant mutant viruses. Thus, there is an urgent need to distinguish drug-resistant strains with a simple method. To address this, in the present study, we develop a rapid, sensitive and convenient molecular diagnosis method based on CRISPR/Cas12a technology and lateral flow detection (LFD). By targeting mutant sequences amplified by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) reaction, crRNA is designed to develop the CRISPR/Cas12a assay, and 2000 copies can be directly observed by the naked eye under blue light-emitting diode (LED) light. Combined with LFD, the limit of detection of RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-LFD is about 20 copies of target sequence per reaction. Collectively, RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-LFD method provides a novel alternative for the sensitive, specific and portable detection to diagnose oseltamivir-resistant mutant strains.
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15
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Abstract
Pandemics, increases in disease incidence that affect multiple regions of the world, present huge challenges to health care systems and in particular to policymakers, public health authorities, clinicians, and all health care workers (HCWs). The recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of severely ill patients, many of whom who have required hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The discipline of critical care is a vital and integral component of pandemic preparedness. Safe and effective critical care has the potential to improve outcomes, motivate individuals to seek timely medical attention, and attenuate the devastating sequelae of a severe pandemic. To achieve this, suitable critical care planning and preparation are essential.
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16
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Lombardi J, Strobel S, Pullar V, Senthil P, Upadhye S, Khemani E. Exploring Changes in Patient Safety Incidents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Canadian Regional Hospital System: A Retrospective Time Series Analysis. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:e1014-e1020. [PMID: 35135983 PMCID: PMC9422243 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strain on healthcare systems and may have consequential impacts on patient safety incidents (PSIs). The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PSIs reported in Niagara Health. METHODS Flexible Farrington models were used to retrospectively detect weeks from January to September 2020 where PSI counts were significantly above expected counts. Incident counts were adjusted to weekly inpatient-days. Outcomes included overall incident numbers, incidents by category, and incidents by ward type. RESULTS The overall number of PSIs across Niagara Health did not increase during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant increases in falls were observed, suggesting that other types of incidents decreased. Falls increased by 75% from February to March 2020, coinciding with the onset of the first wave of the pandemic. Further investigation by unit type revealed that the number of falls increased specifically on internal medicine and complex continuing care wards. CONCLUSIONS Despite no observed changes in overall number, significant composition shifts in PSIs occurred during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased falls on internal medicine and complex continuing care wards. Possible explanations include restrictions on patient visitation, reduced patient contact/supervision, and/or personal protective equipment requirements. Providers should maintain a particularly high vigilance for patient falls during pandemic outbreaks, and hospitals should consider targeting resources to higher-risk locations. The results of this study reinforce the need for ongoing pandemic PSI monitoring and rapidly adaptive responses to new patient safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lombardi
- From the Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephenson Strobel
- Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton
| | | | | | - Suneel Upadhye
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekta Khemani
- From the Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Binding mechanism of oseltamivir and influenza neuraminidase suggests perspectives for the design of new anti-influenza drugs. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010343. [PMID: 35901128 PMCID: PMC9401145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oseltamivir is a widely used influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor that prevents the release of new virus particles from host cells. However, oseltamivir-resistant strains have emerged, but effective drugs against them have not yet been developed. Elucidating the binding mechanisms between NA and oseltamivir may provide valuable information for the design of new drugs against NA mutants resistant to oseltamivir. Here, we conducted large-scale (353.4 μs) free-binding molecular dynamics simulations, together with a Markov State Model and an importance-sampling algorithm, to reveal the binding process of oseltamivir and NA. Ten metastable states and five major binding pathways were identified that validated and complemented previously discovered binding pathways, including the hypothesis that oseltamivir can be transferred from the secondary sialic acid binding site to the catalytic site. The discovery of multiple new metastable states, especially the stable bound state containing a water-mediated hydrogen bond between Arg118 and oseltamivir, may provide new insights into the improvement of NA inhibitors. We anticipated the findings presented here will facilitate the development of drugs capable of combating NA mutations. Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA), a viral membrane glycoprotein, plays an important role in the interactions with host cell surface receptors. The emergence and spread of influenza mutants resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), such as oseltamivir, has been of great concern. Despite many improvements to NAIs, no new first-line NAIs are currently in clinical use. Although there have been previous molecular dynamics simulation studies on the binding and dissociation process of oseltamivir-NA, we discovered new binding pathways and states of oseltamivir through larger-scale simulations and more systematic analysis, which may provide new ideas for the improvement of oseltamivir and even a series of NAIs. In our study, we strongly demonstrate that a detailed understanding of the drug−receptor association process is of fundamental importance for drug design and provide methodological references for the improvement of other drugs.
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18
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Madkour AM, ELMaraghy AA, Elsayed MM. Prevalence and outcome of sepsis in respiratory intensive care unit. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9116707 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-022-00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Objective To assess the prevalence and outcome of sepsis in RICU Patients and methods The study was conducted upon 403 patients admitted at RICU of the Abbassia Chest Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 100 of them had sepsis either on admission or acquired in the RICU during the period from May 2019 to November 2019. Severity of illness was assessed by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II score), which was recorded within 24 h from patient admission. Quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score was recorded in emergency room, and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was recorded on ICU admission and on the 3rd and 7th day of ICU stay. Type of infection (community or hospital acquired), infection site, and pathogenic organisms, all were recorded. Assessment was done also regarding mechanical ventilation, length of RICU stay, the presence of comorbidities, survived patients, and dead ones, as regards causes of death and risk factors. Results The study included 100 cases with sepsis out of 403 admitted cases in the same duration with frequency 24%. Among sepsis patients, 72% were males and 28%were females, with mean age 51.62 ± 18.62 years. The main diagnosis was pneumonia (62%), and the main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (23%). There was significant increase in age among non-survivors when compared with survivors. There was significant increase in number of mechanically ventilated patients and a highly significant incidence of complications and need for vasoactive drugs among non-survivors when compared with survivors. There was a highly significant higher APACHE II score on the 1st day of admission among non-survivor patients. The SOFA score was significantly higher on the 1st day of admission and significantly higher on the 3rd and 7th day of admission among non-survivor patients when compared to survived patients. Conclusion The current study showed that sepsis affects nearly one quarter of cases admitted at RICU, and it is usually associated with higher mortality rate in those patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05240157. Registered February 15, 2022. Retrospectively registered.
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19
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Laudanski K, Scott M, Huffenberger AM, Wain J, Hanson CW. Deployment of Tele-ICU Respiratory Therapy and the Creation of an eRT Service Line. NEJM CATALYST 2022. [PMCID: PMC9580011 DOI: 10.1056/cat.21.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Penn Medicine launched a 24-7 telemedicine respiratory therapist (eRT) service as part of its tele–critical care medicine (tele-CCM) service serving seven hospitals and more than 320 critical care beds. Service line interventions were focused on protocolized evidence-based practices, safety, documentation compliance, and urgent emergent ad hoc clinical needs. Concomitantly, the eRTs were available to respond to urgent and emergent interventions on the basis of the clinical bedside situation. Their activity was triggered by Penn E-lert staff (serving the tele-ICUs), bedside staff, algorithmic trigger software, or the eRT’s own review of a patient’s clinical condition. A standardized data collection was deployed to gather information about the interventions. The value of the eRT service was defined in terms of estimated lives saved by implementing the standards of care earlier than the bedside staff would or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) algorithmic trigger and by intervening during emergent and urgent clinical request, improving care delivery, and complying with best clinical practices, and by the time freed for onsite staff to perform other duties. Between May 2020 and August 2021, eRTs registered 31,609 activities; 97.8% of interventions were related to the routine established workflows, while 1.9% were urgent and 0.3% emergent. In 51.2% of all eRT accomplished activities, no communication with other staff was needed. When communication did take place, eRTs connected with the bedside respiratory therapist in 36.7% of interactions, followed by house staff (7.2%), advanced practice providers (5.2%), and registered nurses (1.6%). The eRTs communicated via phone (81.4%), asynchronous text platform (16%), or tele-CCM software (1.4%). While prompted by staffing, safety, and logistics challenges during a Covid-19 surge, the resulting eRT service line has been well received and has become a part of the standard of care. Overall efficiency of respiratory care service delivery was increased as Penn retained staff and increased the flexibility of bedside therapists. Furthermore, the eRT service detected unfavorable practice patterns in ARDS treatment and intervened before the ARDS algorithmic trigger was activated or acted upon. Some of the tasks can be accomplished by the eRT in a shorter amount of time than it would take bedside staff. In addition, the remote staffing reduced personal protective equipment utilization. All of these gains translated into postpandemic time savings. Penn’s experience shows that the eRT care model can be transformed into a system-valued proposition and retained with sustained benefit beyond the pandemic surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Senior Fellow, Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Scott
- Division Chief, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Medical Director, Penn E-lert Tele-Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ann Marie Huffenberger
- Director, Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Wain
- Medical Student, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. William Hanson
- Chief Medical Information Officer and Vice President, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Komenda M, Černý V, Šnajdárek P, Karolyi M, Hejný M, Panoška P, Jarkovský J, Gregor J, Bulhart V, Šnajdrová L, Májek O, Vymazal T, Blatný J, Dušek L. Control Centre for Intensive Care as a Tool for Effective Coordination, Real-Time Monitoring, and Strategic Planning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e33149. [PMID: 34995207 PMCID: PMC8852654 DOI: 10.2196/33149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Czech Republic, the strategic data-based and organizational support for individual regions and for providers of acute care at the nationwide level is coordinated by the Ministry of Health. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the country needed to very quickly implement a system for the monitoring, reporting, and overall management of hospital capacities. The aim of this viewpoint is to describe the purpose and basic functions of a web-based application named "Control Centre for Intensive Care," which was developed and made available to meet the needs of systematic online technical support for the management of intensive inpatient care across the Czech Republic during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020. Two tools of key importance are described in the context of national methodology: one module for regular online updates and overall monitoring of currently free capacities of intensive care in real time, and a second module for online entering and overall record-keeping of requirements on medications for COVID-19 patients. A total of 134 intensive care providers and 927 users from hospitals across all 14 regions of the Czech Republic were registered in the central Control Centre for Intensive Care database as of March 31, 2021. This web-based application enabled continuous monitoring and decision-making during the mass surge of critical care from autumn 2020 to spring 2021. The Control Center for Intensive Care has become an indispensable part of a set of online tools that are employed on a regular basis for crisis management at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Komenda
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Simulation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Černý
- Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Intensive Medicine, Masaryk Hospital in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šnajdárek
- General Staff, Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Karolyi
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Hejný
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Panoška
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jarkovský
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Gregor
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Bulhart
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Šnajdrová
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Májek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vymazal
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital in Motol, Second Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Blatný
- Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Biochemistry, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Mortensen CB, Zachodnik J, Caspersen SF, Geisler A. Healthcare professionals' experiences during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 68:103130. [PMID: 34538544 PMCID: PMC8354791 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic called for rapidly considerable changes in the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals from different departments within the hospital settings were enrolled in the emergency preparedness. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the healthcare professionals' experiences attending the ICU-preparedness and caring for patients with COVID-19 during the initial stage of the pandemic. METHODS A descriptive explorative qualitative study was conducted by interviewing healthcare professionals during spring 2020, exploring their experiences as part of the ICU-preparedness team and caring for patients with COVID-19 in the ICU. Healthcare professionals from different departments were recruited by purposive sampling. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. FINDINGS Sixteen nurses and four physicians from a university hospital in Denmark participated. The analysis revealed three main themes and eight sub-themes. The main themes were (1) Professionalism in work-life (adaption, the patient's welfare, insecurity, and security), (2) Community Spirit (responsibility and contribution), and (3) Institutional organisation (the role of management, loss of freedom, and information). INTERPRETATION Despite work specialities and professions, the participants reported a uniformity of similar experiences of uncertainties, but also a sense of community arose during the first phase of COVID-19. RECOMMENDATIONS To ensure resilience and mental health, and well-being for the healthcare professionals, comprehensive support should be provided. Guidelines for interventions and training are necessary to promote preparedness and reduce psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bekker Mortensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600 Koege, Denmark
| | - Josephine Zachodnik
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Fjordbak Caspersen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | - Anja Geisler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
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Clark SE, Chisnall G, Vindrola-Padros C. A systematic review of de-escalation strategies for redeployed staff and repurposed facilities in COVID-19 intensive care units (ICUs) during the pandemic. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 44:101286. [PMID: 35156007 PMCID: PMC8820730 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care units (ICUs) experienced a surge in patient cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Demand was managed by redeploying healthcare workers (HCWs) and restructuring facilities. The rate of ICU admissions has subsided in many regions, with the redeployed workforce and facilities returning to usual functions. Previous literature has focused on the escalation of ICUs, limited research exists on de-escalation. This study aimed to identify the supportive and operational strategies used for the flexible de-escalation of ICUs in the context of COVID-19. METHODS The systematic review was developed by searching eight databases in April and November 2021. Papers discussing the return of redeployed staff and facilities and the training, wellbeing, and operational strategies were included. Excluded papers were non-English and unrelated to ICU de-escalation. Quality was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) and authority, accuracy, coverage, objectivity, date, and significance (AACODS) checklist, findings were developed using narrative synthesis and thematic analysis. FINDINGS Fifteen papers were included from six countries covering wellbeing and training themes encompassing; time off, psychological follow-up, gratitude, identification of training needs, missed training catch-up, and continuation of ICU and disaster management training. Operational themes included management of rotas, retainment of staff, division of ICU facilities, leadership changes, traffic light systems, and preparation for re-expansion. INTERPRETATION The review provided an overview of the landscape of de-escalation strategies that have taken place in six countries. Limited empirical evidence was available that evaluated the effectiveness of such strategies. Empirical and evaluative research from a larger array of countries is needed to be able to make global recommendations on ICU de-escalation practices.
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Pierce M, Gudowski SW, Roberts KJ, Jackominic A, Zumstein KK, Shuttleworth A, Ho J, Susser P, Parikh A, Chandler JM, Huffenberger AM, Scott MJ, Hanson CW, Laudanski K. The Rapid Implementation of Ad Hoc Tele-Critical Care Respiratory Therapy (eRT) Service in the Wake of the COVID-19 Surge. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030718. [PMID: 35160170 PMCID: PMC8837076 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 24/7 telemedicine respiratory therapist (eRT) service was set up as part of the established University of Pennsylvania teleICU (PENN E-LERT®) service during the COVID-19 pandemic, serving five hospitals and 320 critical care beds to deliver effective remote care in lieu of a unit-based RT. The eRT interventions were components of an evidence-based care bundle and included ventilator liberation protocols, low tidal volume protocols, tube patency, and an extubation checklist. In addition, the proactive rounding of patients, including ventilator checks, was included. A standardized data collection sheet was used to facilitate the review of medical records, direct audio–visual inspection, or direct interactions with staff. In May 2020, a total of 1548 interventions took place, 93.86% of which were coded as “routine” based on established workflows, 4.71% as “urgent”, 0.26% “emergent”, and 1.17% were missing descriptors. Based on the number of coded interventions, we tracked the number of COVID-19 patients in the system. The average intervention took 6.1 ± 3.79 min. In 16% of all the interactions, no communication with the bedside team took place. The eRT connected with the in-house respiratory therapist (RT) in 66.6% of all the interventions, followed by house staff (9.8%), advanced practice providers (APP; 2.8%), and RN (2.6%). Most of the interaction took place over the telephone (88%), secure text message (16%), or audio-video telemedicine ICU platform (1.7%). A total of 5115 minutes were spent on tasks that a bedside clinician would have otherwise executed, reducing their exposure to COVID-19. The eRT service was instrumental in several emergent and urgent critical interventions. This study shows that an eRT service can support the bedside RT providers, effectively monitor best practice bundles, and carry out patient–ventilator assessments. It was effective in certain emergent situations and reduced the exposure of RTs to COVID-19. We plan to continue the service as part of an integrated RT service and hope to provide a framework for developing similar services in other facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Pierce
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Steven W. Gudowski
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Karsten J. Roberts
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Anthony Jackominic
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Karen K. Zumstein
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Amanda Shuttleworth
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Joshua Ho
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Phillip Susser
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alomi Parikh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - John M. Chandler
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ann Marie Huffenberger
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
| | - Michael J. Scott
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C. William Hanson
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute for Healthcare Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Colonial Penn Center, 3641 Locust Walk #210, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Bai Y, Wang Q, Liu M, Bian L, Liu J, Gao F, Mao Q, Wang Z, Wu X, Xu M, Liang Z. The next major emergent infectious disease: reflections on vaccine emergency development strategies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:471-481. [PMID: 35080441 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2027240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major emergent infectious diseases (MEID) pose the most serious threat to human health. The research proposes targeted response strategies for the prevention and control of potential MEID. AREAS COVERED Based on the analysis of infectious diseases, this research analyzes pandemics that have a high probability of occurrence and aims to synthesize the past experience and lessons learned of controlling infectious diseases such as coronavirus, influenza, Ebola, etc. In addition, by integrating major infectious disease response guidelines developed by WHO, the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, we intend to bring forward national vaccine R&D development strategies for emergency use. EXPERT OPINION We advise to establish and improve existing laws, regulations, and also prevention and control systems for the emergent R&D and application of vaccines in response to potential infectious diseases. The strategies would not only help increase the various abilities in response to the research, development, evaluation, production, and supervision of emergency vaccines, but also establish surrogate endpoint of immunogenicity protection in early clinical studies to enable a rapid evaluation of the efficacy of emergency vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory. No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
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25
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We Built a Plane in the Air: How One Hospital Supported Non-Critical Care Nurses to Care for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in the Midst of a Global Pandemic. J Nurses Prof Dev 2022; 38:117-122. [PMID: 35025830 DOI: 10.1097/nnd.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Geyer LT, Bennett SG, Atkins WJ, Baird M, Bannan R, Cunningham T, Davis MJ, Zellinger M. Innovation Amid Pandemic: Construction of a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit Surge Care Delivery Model. J Nurses Prof Dev 2022; 38:19-23. [PMID: 34534169 PMCID: PMC8751287 DOI: 10.1097/nnd.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article details a shared leadership structure and decision-making processes used to construct an innovative and evidence-based care delivery model for safety and optimal outcomes in the intensive care unit during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Insights into ways professional development practitioners can facilitate changes in care delivery models, support nurses in their professional roles, and contribute to improved patient care outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic are provided.
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27
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Wu K, Wu X, Wang W, Hong L. Epidemiology of influenza under the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Nanjing, China. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1959-1966. [PMID: 34964514 PMCID: PMC9015499 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the incidence of influenza has decreased significantly, but there are still few reports in the short period before and after the pandemic period. This study aimed to explore influenza activity and dynamic changes before and during the pandemic. METHODS A total of 1,324,357 influenza-like illness (ILI) cases were reported under ILI surveillance network from Jan 1, 2018 to Sep 5, 2021 in Nanjing, of which 16,158 cases were detected in laboratory. Differences of ILI and influenza was conducted with the chi-square test. RESULTS The number of ILI cases accounted for 8.97% of outpatient and emergency department visits. The influenza-positive ratio (IPR) was 7.84% in ILI cases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ILI% and IPR dropped by 6.03% and 11.83% on average, respectively. Besides, IPR rose slightly in Week 30-35 of 2021. Not only differences in gender, age and employment status, but also the circulating strains had changed from type A to B through the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION The level of influenza activity was severely affected by COVID-19, but it seemed that it is inevitable to be vigilant against the co-circulation in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjun Wu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixiang Wang
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Hong
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Center for Public Health Service, Nanjing, China
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28
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Sanchez MA, Vuagnat A, Grimaud O, Leray E, Philippe JM, Lescure FX, Boutonnet M, Coignard H, Hibon AR, Sanchez S, Pottecher J. Impact of ICU transfers on the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19: insights from comprehensive national database in France. Ann Intensive Care 2021; 11:151. [PMID: 34698966 PMCID: PMC8546754 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic confronted healthcare systems around the world with unprecedented organizational challenges, particularly regarding the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. One strategy implemented in France to alleviate healthcare pressure during the first COVID-19 wave was inter-hospital transfers of selected ICU patients from overwhelmed areas towards less saturated ones. At the time, the impact of this transfer strategy on patient mortality was unknown. We aimed to compare in-hospital mortality rates among ICU patients with COVID-19 who were transferred to another healthcare facility and those who remained in the hospital where they were initially admitted to. Method A prospective observational study was performed from 1 March to 21 June 2020. Data regarding hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were collected from the Ministry of Health-affiliated national SI-VIC registry. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results In total, 93,351 hospital admissions of COVID-19 patients were registered, of which 18,348 (19.6%) were ICU admissions. Transferred patients (n = 2228) had a lower mortality rate than their non-transferred counterparts (n = 15,303), and the risk decreased with increasing transfer distance (odds ratio (OR) 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6–0.9, p = 0.001 for transfers between 10 and 50 km, and OR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2–0.4, p < 0.0001 for transfer distance > 200 km). Mortality decreased overall over the 3-month study period. Conclusions Our study shows that the mortality rates were lower for patients with severe COVID-19 who were transferred between ICUs across regions, or internationally, during the first pandemic wave in France. However, the global mortality rate declined overall during the study. Transferring selected patients with COVID-19 from overwhelmed regions to areas with greater capacity may have improved patient access to ICU care, without compounding the short-term mortality risk of transferred patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13613-021-00933-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sanchez
- Information Systems and Digital Department (DSIN), French Army Health Service, Saint Mandé-Bat 14, 69 avenue de Paris, 94165, Saint-Mandé, France. .,Central Directorate of the Military Health Service (DCSSA), French Army Health Service, Paris, France.
| | - Albert Vuagnat
- Department for Research, Studies, Evaluation and Statistics (DREES), French Health and Social Affairs Ministry, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Grimaud
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, REPERES(Recherche en pharmaco-épidémiologie et recours aux soins)-EA 7449, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leray
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, REPERES(Recherche en pharmaco-épidémiologie et recours aux soins)-EA 7449, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Marc Philippe
- General Directorate for Health (DGS)-French Health and Social Affairs Ministry, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lescure
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Services, Bichat AP HP, Paris, France.,INSERM 1137, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Boutonnet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Hélène Coignard
- Emergency Medical Service, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | | | - Stephane Sanchez
- Department of Public Health and Performance, Troyes Hospital, Champagne Sud Hospital, Troyes, France
| | - Julien Pottecher
- Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Strasbourg University Hospital-EA3072, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
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Supervision, Interprofessional Collaboration, and Patient Safety in Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ATS Sch 2021; 2:397-414. [PMID: 34667989 PMCID: PMC8519340 DOI: 10.34197/ats-scholar.2020-0165oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To meet coronavirus disease (COVID-19) demands in the spring of 2020, many intensive care (IC) units (ICUs) required help of redeployed personnel working outside their regular scope of practice, causing an expansion and change of staffing ratios. Objective: How did this composite alternative ICU workforce experience supervision, interprofessional collaboration, and quality and safety of care under the unprecedented clinical circumstances at the height of the first pandemic wave as lived experiences uniquely captured during the first peak of the pandemic? Methods: An international, cross-sectional survey was conducted among physicians, nurses, and allied personnel deployed or redeployed to ICUs in Utrecht, New York, and Dublin from April to May of 2020. Data were analyzed separately for the three sites. Quantitative data were treated for descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analyzed thematically and combined for general interpretations. Results: On the basis of 234, 83, and 34 responses (response rates of 68%, 48%, and 41% in Utrecht, New York, and Dublin, respectively), we found that the amount of supervision and the quality and safety of care were perceived as being lower than usual but still acceptable. The working atmosphere was overwhelmingly felt to be collaborative and supportive. Where IC-certified nurse-to-patient ratios had decreased most (Utrecht), nurses voiced criticism about supervision and quality of care. Continuity within the work environment, team composition, and informal ("curbside") consultations were critical mediators of success. Conclusion: In the exceptional circumstances encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic, many ICUs were managed by a composite workforce of IC-certified and redeployed personnel. Although supervision is critical for safe care, supervisory roles were not clearly related to the amount of prior ICU experience. Vital for satisfaction with the quality of care was the span of control for those who assumed supervisory roles (i.e., the ratio of certified to noncertified personnel). Stable teams that matched less experienced personnel with more experienced personnel; a strong, interprofessional, collaborative atmosphere; a robust culture of informal consultation; and judicious, more flexible use of rules and regulations proved to be essential.
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30
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Zhang G, Ng F, Chen M. Short-hairpin RNAs delivered by recombinant adeno-associated virus inhibited the replication of influenza A viruses in vitro. Virology 2021; 564:46-52. [PMID: 34653774 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) delivered by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) were investigated for their potential prophylactic and therapeutic applications related to the influenza A virus (IAV). To express shRNAs efficiently, an H1 promoter was inserted into the commercial rAAV2 system. The modified rAAV2 system could express shRNAs, and the purified rAAV was obtained at levels over 1013 viral genomes/ml and 1010 viral infection units/ml. The shNP-1496-n and shM2-925 delivered by rAAV could inhibit the replication of the H1N1 and H5N1 virus by targeting the conserved regions of the IAV nucleoprotein and matrix 2 genes in MDCK cells. The shNP-1496-n and shM2-925 expressed by rAAV could provide potent and long-term anti-H5N1 virus effects in rAAV-shRNA-enriched MDCK cells. Our findings provide a rational basis for developing RNA interference for the prevention and therapy of IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Fai Ng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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31
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Cinaroglu S. Intensive Care Unit Services Preparedness for the Pandemic: An Efficiency Analysis. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:11786329211037527. [PMID: 34602821 PMCID: PMC8485268 DOI: 10.1177/11786329211037527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive care unit (ICU) services efficiency and the shortage of critical care professionals has been a challenge during pandemic. Thus, preparing ICUs is a prominent part of any pandemic response. The objective of this study is to examine the efficiencies of ICU services in Turkey right before the pandemic. Data were gathered from the Public Hospital Statistical Year Book for the year 2017. Analysis are presented at hospital level by comparing teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Bootstrapped data envelopment analysis procedure was used to gather more precise efficiency scores. Three analysis levels are incorporated into the study such as, all public hospitals (N = 100), teaching (N = 53), non-teaching hospitals (N = 47), and provinces that are providing high density of ICU services through the country (N = 54). Study results reveal that average efficiency scores of ICU services obtained from teaching hospitals (eff = 0.65) is higher than non-teaching (eff = 0.54) hospitals. After applying the bootstrapping techniques, efficiency scores are significantly improved and the difference between before and after bootstrapping results are statistically significant (P < .05). Province based analysis indicates that, ICU services efficiencies are high for provinces located in southeast part of the country and highly populated places, such as İstanbul. Evidence-based operational design that considers the spatial distribution of health resources and effective planning of critical care professionals are critical for efficient management of intensive care. Study results will be helpful for health policy makers to deeply understand dynamics of critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songul Cinaroglu
- Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (FEAS), Hacettepe University, Beytepe Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Holthof N, Luedi MM. Considerations for acute care staffing during a pandemic. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2021; 35:389-404. [PMID: 34511227 PMCID: PMC7726522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increase in interconnectedness of the global population has enabled a highly transmissible virus to spread rapidly around the globe in 2020. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic has led to physical, social, and economic repercussions of previously unseen proportions. Although recommendations for pandemic preparedness have been published in response to previous viral disease outbreaks, these guidelines are primarily based on expert opinion and few of them focus on acute care staffing issues. In this review, we discuss how working in acute care medicine during a pandemic can affect the physical and mental health of medical and nursing staff. We provide ideas for limiting staff shortages and creating surge capacity in acute care settings, and strategies for sustainability that can help hospitals maintain adequate staffing throughout their pandemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Holthof
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Markus M Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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33
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Jakovljevic B, Stojanovic K, Nikolic Turnic T, Jakovljevic VL. Burnout of Physicians, Pharmacists and Nurses in the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serbian Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168728. [PMID: 34444476 PMCID: PMC8392171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study of 128 health workers in the central part of the Republic of Serbia. The study surveyed health workers (physicians, pharmacists and nurses) who worked during peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Serbia in June and November 2020. The Maslach Burnout Survey for Medical Personnel addresses three scales: (a) emotional exhaustion (EE) measures feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one’s work; (b) depersonalization (DP) measures an unfeeling and impersonal response toward recipients of one’s service, care treatment, or instruction; and (c) personal accomplishment (PA) measures feelings of competence and successful achievement in one’s work. Linear regression and the chi-square test were used to test a relationship between the input variables (x) and the single output variable (y). We can conclude that most health workers had a high degree of emotional exhaustion, but also a low degree of depersonalization and a high degree of sense of personal achievement. Nurses and physicians had similar answers on the pandemic during their work, but pharmacists had different answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Jakovljevic
- Academy for Applied Studies, The College of Health Studies, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, 8 Trubetskaya Street 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Bhavaniramya S, Ramar V, Vishnupriya S, Palaniappan R, Sibiya A, Baskaralingam V. Comprehensive analysis of SARS-COV-2 drug targets and pharmacological aspects in treating the COVID-19. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:393-417. [PMID: 34382513 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Corona viruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA (Ribonucleic acid) viruses and they cause pandemic diseases having a devastating effect on both human healthcare and the global economy. To date, six corona viruses have been identified as pathogenic organisms which are significantly responsible for the infection and also cause severe respiratory diseases. Among them, the novel SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) caused a major outbreak of corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviridae family members can affects both humans and animals. In human, corona viruses cause severe acute respiratory syndrome with mild to severe outcomes. Several structural and genomics have been investigated, and the genome encodes about 28 proteins most of them with unknown function though it shares remarkable sequence identity with other proteins. There is no potent and licensed vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and several trials are underway to investigate the possible therapeutic agents against viral infection. However, some of the antiviral drugs that have been investigated against SARS-CoV-2 are under clinical trials. In the current review we comparatively emphasize the emergence and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 and their infection and discuss the various putative drug targets of both viral and host receptors for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to overcome the viral outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaresan Bhavaniramya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Vanajothi Ramar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024. India
| | - Selvaraju Vishnupriya
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600052. India
| | - Ramasamy Palaniappan
- Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education (BIHER), Chennai-600044, Tamilnadu. India
| | - Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu. India
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Jardine J, Morris E. COVID-19 in Women's health: Epidemiology. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 73:81-90. [PMID: 33906791 PMCID: PMC8010330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The disease COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread, causing a pandemic that is ongoing and has resulted in more than two million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which spreads effectively by direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surface, droplet or aerosol transmission. Vertical transmission, if it does occur, is rare. Among women of childbearing age, most will have mild or asymptomatic infection; severe illness is uncommon. Severe illness is more common in the later stages of pregnancy, when it is associated with complications, including intensive care admission, maternal death and an increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. Women who are older, from minority ethnic groups, who are overweight or obese, who have comorbidities or who live with socioeconomic deprivation are more likely to experience severe illness than women without these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jardine
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK; Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Edward Morris
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
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BOCCALINI SARA, PARIANI ELENA, CALABRÒ GIOVANNAELISA, DE WAURE CHIARA, PANATTO DONATELLA, AMICIZIA DANIELA, LAI PIEROLUIGI, RIZZO CATERINA, AMODIO EMANUELE, VITALE FRANCESCO, CASUCCIO ALESSANDRA, DI PIETRO MARIALUISA, GALLI CRISTINA, BUBBA LAURA, PELLEGRINELLI LAURA, VILLANI LEONARDO, D’AMBROSIO FLORIANA, CAMINITI MARTA, LORENZINI ELISA, FIORETTI PAOLA, MICALE ROSANNATINDARA, FRUMENTO DAVIDE, CANTOVA ELISA, PARENTE FLAVIO, TRENTO GIACOMO, SOTTILE SARA, PUGLIESE ANDREA, BIAMONTE MASSIMILIANOALBERTO, GIORGETTI DUCCIO, MENICACCI MARCO, D’ANNA ANTONIO, AMMOSCATO CLAUDIA, LA GATTA EMANUELE, BECHINI ANGELA, BONANNI PAOLO. [Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of the introduction of influenza vaccination for Italian children with Fluenz Tetra ®]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E1-E118. [PMID: 34909481 PMCID: PMC8639053 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SARA BOCCALINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
- Autore corrispondente: Sara Boccalini, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italia - Tel.: 055-2751084 - E-mail:
| | - ELENA PARIANI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
| | - GIOVANNA ELISA CALABRÒ
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- VIHTALI (Value In Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation), spin off dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CHIARA DE WAURE
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - DONATELLA PANATTO
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - DANIELA AMICIZIA
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - PIERO LUIGI LAI
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - CATERINA RIZZO
- Area Funzionale Percorsi Clinici ed Epidemiologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - EMANUELE AMODIO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - FRANCESCO VITALE
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - ALESSANDRA CASUCCIO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - MARIA LUISA DI PIETRO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CRISTINA GALLI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LAURA BUBBA
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LAURA PELLEGRINELLI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LEONARDO VILLANI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - FLORIANA D’AMBROSIO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - MARTA CAMINITI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - ELISA LORENZINI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - PAOLA FIORETTI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | | | - DAVIDE FRUMENTO
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - ELISA CANTOVA
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - FLAVIO PARENTE
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - GIACOMO TRENTO
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - SARA SOTTILE
- Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italia
| | | | | | - DUCCIO GIORGETTI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - MARCO MENICACCI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - ANTONIO D’ANNA
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - CLAUDIA AMMOSCATO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - EMANUELE LA GATTA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - ANGELA BECHINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - PAOLO BONANNI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
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Marsh JK, Ungson ND, Packer DJ. Of Pandemics and Zombies: The Influence of Prior Concepts on COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5207. [PMID: 34068857 PMCID: PMC8153630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We use a concepts and categories research perspective to explore how prior conceptual knowledge influences thinking about a novel disease, namely COVID-19. We collected measures of how similar people thought COVID-19 was to several existing concepts that may have served as other possible comparison points for the pandemic. We also collected participants' self-reported engagement in pandemic-related behaviors. We found that thinking the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to other serious disease outbreaks predicted greater social distancing and mask-wearing, whereas likening COVID-19 to the seasonal flu predicted engaging in significantly fewer of these behaviors. Thinking of COVID-19 as similar to zombie apocalypse scenarios or moments of major societal upheaval predicted stocking-up behaviors, but not disease mitigation behaviors. These early category comparisons influenced behaviors over a six-month span of longitudinal data collection. Our findings suggest that early conceptual comparisons track with emergent disease categories over time and influence the behaviors people engage in related to the disease. Our research illustrates how early concept formation influences behaviors over time, and suggests ways for public health experts to communicate with the public about emergent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessecae K. Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA; (N.D.U.); (D.J.P.)
| | - Nick D. Ungson
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA; (N.D.U.); (D.J.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Albright College, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Dominic J. Packer
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA; (N.D.U.); (D.J.P.)
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Dual R108K and G189D Mutations in the NS1 Protein of A/H1N1 Influenza Virus Counteract Host Innate Immune Responses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050905. [PMID: 34068322 PMCID: PMC8153306 DOI: 10.3390/v13050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) modulate host antiviral responses to promote growth and pathogenicity. Here, we examined the multifunctional IAV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus to better understand factors that contribute to viral replication efficiency or pathogenicity. In 2009, a pandemic H1N1 IAV (A/California/07/2009 pH1N1) emerged in the human population from swine. Seasonal variants of this virus are still circulating in humans. Here, we compared the sequence of a seasonal variant of this H1N1 influenza virus (A/Urumqi/XJ49/2018(H1N1), first isolated in 2018) with the pandemic strain A/California/07/2009. The 2018 virus harbored amino acid mutations (I123V and N205S) in important functional sites; however, 108R and 189G were highly conserved between A/California/07/2009 and the 2018 variant. To better understand interactions between influenza viruses and the human innate immune system, we generated and rescued seasonal 2009 H1N1 IAV mutants expressing an NS1 protein harboring a dual mutation (R108K/G189D) at these conserved residues and then analyzed its biological characteristics. We found that the mutated NS1 protein exhibited systematic and selective inhibition of cytokine responses via a mechanism that may not involve binding to cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30 (CPSF30). These results highlight the complexity underlying host–influenza NS1 protein interactions.
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Ghram A, Bragazzi NL, Briki W, Jenab Y, Khaled M, Haddad M, Chamari K. COVID-19 Pandemic and Physical Exercise: Lessons Learnt for Confined Communities. Front Psychol 2021; 12:618585. [PMID: 34025498 PMCID: PMC8131539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel pandemic called "Coronavirus Disease 2019" (COVID-19), as a global public health emergency and global threat, has affected many countries in unpredictable ways and impacted on physical activity (PA) behaviors to various extents. Specific populations including refugees, asylum seekers, and prisoners, are vulnerable groups with multiple complex health needs and worse health outcomes with respect to the general population worldwide and at high risk of death from the "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus type 2" (SARS-CoV-2). Governments around the world have been implementing preventive healthcare policies, including physical and social distancing, isolation, and confinement, to mitigate against the burden imposed by the COVID-19 outbreak. This pandemic period is characterized by reduced or lack of movement. During this period of lockdown, PA can represent an immunotherapy and a preventative approach to avoid the harmful effects of inactivity due to the pandemic. Moreover, PA could be prescribed to improve the immune system of specific populations (refugees, asylum seekers, and prisoners), which particularly experience the condition of being confined. The present narrative review discusses the potential impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on these specific populations' health status and the importance of performing PA/exercise to reduce the deleterious effects of COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we aim to provide useful recommendations on PA/exercise for these specific populations to maintain their level of independence, physical, and mental health as well as their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ghram
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walid Briki
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yaser Jenab
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- Independent Physician (Internal Medicine), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Sarria-Guzmán Y, Bernal J, De Biase M, Muñoz-Arenas LC, González-Jiménez FE, Mosso C, De León-Lorenzana A, Fusaro C. Using demographic data to understand the distribution of H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics cases among federal entities and municipalities of Mexico. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11144. [PMID: 33828926 PMCID: PMC8000468 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the second global health emergency the world has faced in less than two decades, after the H1N1 Influenza pandemic in 2009–2010. Spread of pandemics is frequently associated with increased population size and population density. The geographical scales (national, regional or local scale) are key elements in determining the correlation between demographic factors and the spread of outbreaks. The aims of this study were: (a) to collect the Mexican data related to the two pandemics; (b) to create thematic maps using federal and municipal geographic scales; (c) to investigate the correlations between the pandemics indicators (numbers of contagious and deaths) and demographic patterns (population size and density). Methods The demographic patterns of all Mexican Federal Entities and all municipalities were taken from the database of “Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía” (INEGI). The data of “Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades” (CENAPRECE) and the geoportal of Mexico Government were also used in our analysis. The results are presented by means of tables, graphs and thematic maps. A Spearman correlation was used to assess the associations between the pandemics indicators and the demographic patterns. Correlations with a p value < 0.05 were considered significant. Results The confirmed cases (ccH1N1) and deaths (dH1N1) registered during the H1N1 Influenza pandemic were 72.4 thousand and 1.2 thousand respectively. Mexico City (CDMX) was the most affected area by the pandemic with 8,502 ccH1N1 and 152 dH1N1. The ccH1N1 and dH1N1 were positively correlated to demographic patterns; p-values higher than the level of marginal significance were found analyzing the % ccH1N1 and the % dH1N1 vs the population density. The COVID-19 pandemic data indicated 75.0 million confirmed cases (ccCOVID-19) and 1.6 million deaths (dCOVID-19) worldwide, as of date. The CDMX, where 264,330 infections were recorded, is the national epicenter of the pandemic. The federal scale did not allow to observe the correlation between demographic data and pandemic indicators; hence the next step was to choose a more detailed geographical scale (municipal basis). The ccCOVID-19 and dCOVID-19 (municipal basis) were highly correlated with demographic patterns; also the % ccCOVID-19 and % dCOVID-19 were moderately correlated with demographic patterns. Conclusion The magnitude of COVID-19 pandemic is much greater than the H1N1 Influenza pandemic. The CDMX was the national epicenter in both pandemics. The federal scale did not allow to evaluate the correlation between exanimated demographic variables and the spread of infections, but the municipal basis allowed the identification of local variations and “red zones” such as the delegation of Iztapalapa and Gustavo A. Madero in CDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanna Sarria-Guzmán
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.,Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Valledupar, Cesar, Colombia
| | - Jaime Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena de Indias, Bolivar, Colombia
| | - Michele De Biase
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Ambientale, Università della Calabria, Rende, Calabria, Italy
| | - Ligia C Muñoz-Arenas
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Clemente Mosso
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Carmine Fusaro
- Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de San Buenaventura-Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Bolivar, Colombia
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Kajal K, Naik BN, Singh A, Soni SL, Hazarika A, Saini K, Jaswal S, Meena SC, Pandey N, Puri GD. Preparing Intensive Care Unit in Resource-Constraint Setting Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Our Experience and Review. Anesth Essays Res 2021; 14:366-369. [PMID: 34092843 PMCID: PMC8159056 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_86_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging, rapidly evolving public health emergency where a nation's health-care system can face a marked surge in demand for intensive care unit (ICU) beds and organ support. In regions with insufficient medical resources, it may further aggravate the existing shortage, limiting an ICU's ability to provide the normal standard of care. It can present ethically or legally demanding questions about how to prioritize the allocation of life-saving medical resources. In developing countries like India, still many hospitals are challenged by competing priorities and remain underprepared. In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, to guide the intensive care disaster planners in regions with low resources and to ensure ICU readiness, this review shares our experience and strategies for preparing ICU with existing and alternative resources, focusing on space, equipment, and health-care workers’ safety and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kajal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Naveen Naik
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Singh
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shiv Lal Soni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjyoti Hazarika
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kulbhushan Saini
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Jaswal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shyam Charan Meena
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Pandey
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - G D Puri
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on ICUs worldwide. This review expounds on lessons learned for ICU preparedness during the pandemic and for future mass casualty events. RECENT FINDINGS In the 21st century, there have already been several outbreaks of infectious diseases that have led to mass casualties creating ICU strain, providing multiple opportunities for hospitals and hospital systems to prepare their ICUs for future events. Unfortunately, the sheer scale and rapidity of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to overwhelming strain on every aspect of ICU disaster preparedness. Yet, by analyzing experiences of hospitals throughout the first 7 months of the current pandemic in the areas of infection control, equipment preparedness, staffing strategies, ICU spatial logistics as well as acute and postacute treatment, various important lessons have already emerged that will prove critical for successful future ICU preparedness. SUMMARY Preemptive planning, beginning with the early identification of staffing resources, supply chains and alternative equipment sources, coupled with strong infection control practices that also provide for the flexibility for evolving evidence is of utmost importance. However, there is no single approach that can be applied to every health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Harris
- Divisions of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amesh Adalja
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Samad N, Sodunke TE, Abubakar AR, Jahan I, Sharma P, Islam S, Dutta S, Haque M. The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:527-550. [PMID: 33679136 PMCID: PMC7930604 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s295377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic from COVID-19 infection has generated significant public health concerns, both health-wise and economically. There is no specific pharmacological antiviral therapeutic option to date available for COVID-19 management. Also, there is an urgent need to discover effective medicines, prevention, and control methods because of the harsh death toll from this novel coronavirus infection. Acute respiratory tract infections, significantly lower respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia are the primary cause of millions of deaths worldwide. The role of micronutrients, including trace elements, boosted the human immune system and was well established. Several vitamins such as vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; microelement including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; omega-3 fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plays essential physiological roles in promoting the immune system. Furthermore, zinc is an indispensable microelement essential for a thorough enzymatic physiological process. It also helps regulate gene-transcription such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, cell division, and cell activation in the human biological system. Subsequently, zinc, together with natural scavenger cells and neutrophils, are also involved in developing cells responsible for regulating nonspecific immunity. The modern food habit often promotes zinc deficiency; as such, quite a few COVID-19 patients presented to hospitals were frequently diagnosed as zinc deficient. Earlier studies documented that zinc deficiency predisposes patients to a viral infection such as herpes simplex, common cold, hepatitis C, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of reducing antiviral immunity. This manuscript aimed to discuss the various roles played by zinc in the management of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandeeta Samad
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, 700233, Nigeria
| | - Iffat Jahan
- Department of Physiology, Eastern Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Paras Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, BVM College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, India
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hemingway MW, Silvestri S. A Curriculum for Perioperative Nurse Deployment During a Pandemic. AORN J 2021; 113:138-145. [PMID: 33534151 PMCID: PMC8014271 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic spread around the world, the US Surgeon General called for the cancellation of elective surgeries. At a large academic medical center in the Northeast, there was a resulting surplus of perioperative nurses who were deployed to inpatient units in need of skilled nursing care for a surge of COVID‐19 patients. To prepare them for deployment to inpatient units, perioperative leaders developed a core curriculum to ensure that the OR nurses possessed the skills and knowledge required to successfully care for patients outside the OR with the same level of care and compassion that they provided to perioperative patients. The leaders employed available resources at the hospital to design and implement the course in a short amount of time. This article describes the development of a curriculum for OR nurses to manage a surging patient volume on inpatient units because of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Hospital Mortality and Resource Implications of Hospitalisation with COVID-19 in London, UK: A Prospective Cohort Study. Crit Care Res Pract 2021; 2021:8832660. [PMID: 33564474 PMCID: PMC7864763 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a significant impact on the National Health Service in the United Kingdom (UK), with over 35 000 cases reported in London by July 30, 2020. Detailed hospital-level information on patient characteristics, outcomes, and capacity strain is currently scarce but would guide clinical decision-making and inform prioritisation and planning. Methods We aimed to determine factors associated with hospital mortality and describe hospital and ICU strain by conducting a prospective cohort study at a tertiary academic centre in London, UK. We included adult patients admitted to the hospital with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and followed them up until hospital discharge or 30 days. Baseline factors that are associated with hospital mortality were identified via semiparametric and parametric survival analyses. Results Our study included 429 patients: 18% of them were admitted to the ICU, 52% met criteria for ICU outreach team activation, and 61% had treatment limitations placed during their admission. Hospital mortality was 26% and ICU mortality was 34%. Hospital mortality was independently associated with increasing age, male sex, history of chronic kidney disease, increasing baseline C-reactive protein level, and dyspnoea at presentation. COVID-19 resulted in substantial ICU and hospital strain, with up to 9 daily ICU admissions and 41 daily hospital admissions, to a peak census of 80 infected patients admitted in the ICU and 250 in the hospital. Management of such a surge required extensive reorganisation of critical care services with expansion of ICU capacity from 69 to 129 beds, redeployment of staff from other hospital areas, and coordinated hospital-level effort. Conclusions COVID-19 is associated with a high burden of mortality for patients treated on the ward and the ICU and required substantial reconfiguration of critical care services. This has significant implications for planning and resource utilisation.
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Fiest KM, Krewulak KD, Plotnikoff KM, Kemp LG, Parhar KKS, Niven DJ, Kortbeek JB, Stelfox HT, Parsons Leigh J. Allocation of intensive care resources during an infectious disease outbreak: a rapid review to inform practice. BMC Med 2020; 18:404. [PMID: 33334347 PMCID: PMC7746486 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has placed sustained demand on health systems globally, and the capacity to provide critical care has been overwhelmed in some jurisdictions. It is unknown which triage criteria for allocation of resources perform best to inform health system decision-making. We sought to summarize and describe existing triage tools and ethical frameworks to aid healthcare decision-making during infectious disease outbreaks. METHODS We conducted a rapid review of triage criteria and ethical frameworks for the allocation of critical care resources during epidemics and pandemics. We searched Medline, EMBASE, and SCOPUS from inception to November 3, 2020. Full-text screening and data abstraction were conducted independently and in duplicate by three reviewers. Articles were included if they were primary research, an adult critical care setting, and the framework described was related to an infectious disease outbreak. We summarized each triage tool and ethical guidelines or framework including their elements and operating characteristics using descriptive statistics. We assessed the quality of each article with applicable checklists tailored to each study design. RESULTS From 11,539 unique citations, 697 full-text articles were reviewed and 83 articles were included. Fifty-nine described critical care triage protocols and 25 described ethical frameworks. Of these, four articles described both a protocol and ethical framework. Sixty articles described 52 unique triage criteria (29 algorithm-based, 23 point-based). Few algorithmic- or point-based triage protocols were good predictors of mortality with AUCs ranging from 0.51 (PMEWS) to 0.85 (admitting SOFA > 11). Most published triage protocols included the substantive values of duty to provide care, equity, stewardship and trust, and the procedural value of reason. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes available triage protocols and ethical guidelines to provide decision-makers with data to help select and tailor triage tools. Given the uncertainty about how the COVID-19 pandemic will progress and any future pandemics, jurisdictions should prepare by selecting and adapting a triage tool that works best for their circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Fiest
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Karla D Krewulak
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Kara M Plotnikoff
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Laryssa G Kemp
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Ken Kuljit S Parhar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Niven
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - John B Kortbeek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesia, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Henry T Stelfox
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Jeanna Parsons Leigh
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H4R2, Canada.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H4R2, Canada.
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Robinson KR. Comparing the Spanish flu and COVID-19 pandemics: Lessons to carry forward. Nurs Forum 2020; 56:350-357. [PMID: 33319388 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Just as people living in the early 1900s experienced the horrors of World War I followed by the Spanish influenza epidemic, those of us surviving the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic will have our lives forever changed. Both pandemics defied the capabilities of prevailing healthcare and public health. Since there was no known cure in either pandemic, much depended on nurses to fight the battle against the viruses. History has shown pandemics are occurring more frequently and are unpredictable in timing and severity. Therefore, we need to place focus on the valuable lessons from the century's two pandemics to prepare for future global disease outbreaks. Lessons that will benefit nursing are the importance of continual preparation and planning, care coordination across communities and healthcare systems, and ensuring nurses have the necessary resources and training to perform their roles in an effective and safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Robinson
- Office of Nursing Practice, Nurse Research Consultant, Sanford Health, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Giannini A. Who gets the last bed? Ethics criteria for scarce resource allocation in the era of COVID-19. Minerva Anestesiol 2020; 87:267-271. [PMID: 33319957 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.15345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giannini
- Unit of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy -
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Bader MK, Braun A, Fox C, Dwinell L, Cord J, Andersen M, Noakes B, Ponticiello D. A California Hospital's Response to COVID-19: From a Ripple to a Tsunami Warning. Crit Care Nurse 2020; 40:e1-e16. [PMID: 32803240 DOI: 10.4037/ccn2020799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rippled across the world from Wuhan, China, to the shores of the United States within a few months. Hospitals and intensive care units were suddenly faced with a "tsunami" warning requiring instantaneous implementation and escalation of disaster plans. EVIDENCE REVIEW An evidence-based question was developed and an extensive review of the literature was completed, resulting in a structured plan for the intensive care units to manage a surge of patients critically ill with COVID-19 in March 2020. Twenty-five sources of evidence focusing on pandemic intensive care unit and COVID-19 management laid the foundation for the team to navigate the crisis. IMPLEMENTATION The Critical Care Services task force adopted recommendations from the CHEST consensus statement on surge capacity principles and other sources, which served as the framework for the organized response. The 4 S's became the focus: space, staff, supplies, and systems. Development of algorithms, workflows, and new processes related to treating patients, staffing shortages, and limited supplies. New intensive care unit staffing solutions were adopted. EVALUATION Using a framework based on the literature reviewed, the Critical Care Services task force controlled the surge of patients with COVID-19 in March through May 2020. Patients received excellent care, and the mortality rate was 0.008%. The intensive care unit team had the needed respiratory and general supplies but had to continually adapt to shortages of personal protective equipment, cleaning products, and some medications. SUSTAINABILITY The intensive care unit pandemic response plan has been established and the team is prepared for the next wave of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Bader
- Mary Kay Bader is a neuro/critical care clinical nurse specialist, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, California. She is the President of the Neurocritical Care Society
| | - Annabelle Braun
- Annabelle Braun is Executive Director of Critical Care and Emergency Services, Mission Hospital
| | - Cherie Fox
- Cherie Fox is Executive Director of Acute Care Services, Mission Hospital. She is Hospital Incident Command Structure incident commander and operations chief for Mission Hospital
| | - Lauren Dwinell
- Lauren Dwinell was the Executive Director, Patient Flow Operations, Mission Hospital at the time this article was written
| | - Jennifer Cord
- Jennifer Cord is Chief Nursing Officer, Mission Hospital
| | - Marne Andersen
- Marne Andersen is Nurse Manager, cardiac intensive care unit, Mission Hospital
| | - Bryan Noakes
- Bryan Noakes is Nurse Manager, surgical intensive care unit, Mission Hospital
| | - Daniel Ponticiello
- Daniel Ponticiello is Medical Director, Critical Care Services, Mission Hospital
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Marckmann G, Neitzke G, Schildmann J, Michalsen A, Dutzmann J, Hartog C, Jöbges S, Knochel K, Michels G, Pin M, Riessen R, Rogge A, Taupitz J, Janssens U. Decisions on the allocation of intensive care resources in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic : Clinical and ethical recommendations of DIVI, DGINA, DGAI, DGIIN, DGNI, DGP, DGP and AEM. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020; 115:115-122. [PMID: 32728768 PMCID: PMC7387419 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-020-00709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of the globally evolving coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, German hospitals rapidly expanded their intensive care capacities. However, it is possible that even with an optimal use of the increased resources, these will not suffice for all patients in need. Therefore, recommendations for the allocation of intensive care resources in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been developed by a multidisciplinary group of authors with the support of eight scientific medical societies. The recommendations for procedures and criteria for prioritisations in case of resource scarcity are based on scientific evidence, ethicolegal considerations and practical experience. Medical decisions must always be based on the need and the treatment preferences of the individual patient. In addition to this patient-centred approach, prioritisations in case of resource scarcity require a supraindividual perspective. In such situations, prioritisations should be based on the criterion of clinical prospect of success in order to minimize the number of preventable deaths due to resource scarcity and to avoid discrimination based on age, disabilities or social factors. The assessment of the clinical prospect of success should take into account the severity of the current illness, severe comorbidities and the patient's general health status prior to the current illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Marckmann
- Institute of Ethics, History, and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Neitzke
- Institute for History, Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Schildmann
- Institute for the History and Ethics of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrej Michalsen
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Analgesic Therapy, Hospital Tettnang, Tettnang, Germany
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Medical University and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christiane Hartog
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charité Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Hospital Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Susanne Jöbges
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Knochel
- Paediatric Clinic and Paediatric Polyclinic Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Michels
- Department for Acute and Emergency Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, Eschweiler, Germany
| | - Martin Pin
- Central Interdisciplinary Emergency Department, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital Kaiserswerther Diakonie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reimer Riessen
- Medical Intensive Care Unit 93, Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Rogge
- Division Ethics of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Taupitz
- Legal Research Department, University Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Janssens
- Medical Clinic and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, Dechant-Deckers-Str. 8, 52249, Eschweiler, Germany.
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