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Goryaynov S, Gurova O. Effect of Platform Type on Clinical Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Prime Vaccination Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:130. [PMID: 38400114 PMCID: PMC10892687 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review investigated the association between platform type and the clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines using the meta-regression of randomized controlled trials to compare the rates of the first appearance of symptomatic COVID-19 on the platforms. The trial search was conducted using PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the EU Clinical Trials Register. The main selection criteria included: non-active control, immunocompetent individuals without previous vaccination, and a low risk of bias. The platform effect was summarized with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) and a 95% confidence interval for every platform category against the reference. IRR was obtained by random-effect meta-regression with adjustment for confounding by effect modifiers. The analysis was conducted in per-protocol (PP) and modified intention-to-treat (mITT) sets. Six vaccine types with 35 trials were included. Vector vaccines were a reference category. In the PP set, rates of symptomatic COVID-19 on mRNA and protein subunit vaccines were significantly lower than on the vector: IRR = 0.30 [0.19; 0.46], p = 0.001 and 0.63 [0.46; 0.86], p = 0.012, respectively. There was no difference for inactivated and virus-like particle vaccines compared to the vector: IRR = 0.98 [0.71; 1.36], p = 0.913 and 0.70 [0.41; 1.20], p = 0.197, respectively. The rate of cases on DNA vaccines was significantly higher than that on the vector: IRR = 2.58 [1.17; 5.68], p = 0.034. Results for the mITT set were consistent. Platform type is an effect modifier of the clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olesya Gurova
- Department of Endocrinology No. 1, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
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Jiang F, Wang F, Zhang T, Dong H, Bai H, Chen L. Current Trends and Future Directions of Malignancy After kidney Transplantation: A 1970-2022 Bibliometric Analysis. Ann Transplant 2024; 29:e942074. [PMID: 38163947 PMCID: PMC10771012 DOI: 10.12659/aot.942074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancy after kidney transplantation (MKT) remains a leading cause of death in transplant recipients and over the past few decades there have been many reports on this topic. However, the task of extracting crucial information from intricate events poses a significant challenge in guiding clinical work. Hence, bibliometrics was employed to summarize and predict the future in this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reviews and articles on MKT were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and were analyzed by the software VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and R package Bibliometrix for bibliometric analysis. RESULTS The analysis considered 5700 publications from 28 647 authors and 4924 institutions across 100 countries, spanning the years 1970-2022. Reference co-citation analysis showed that "renal cell carcinoma", "skin cancer", "post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder" and "COVID-19 vaccine" were research hotspots. Keywords that co-occurred early were "immunosuppressant", "cancer", "Epstein-Barr virus", "squamous cell carcinoma", and "infection", etc., while "impact","risk factor", "outcomes", "mortality", "management" frequently co-occurred later. From 2020 to 2022, newly emerging keywords such as "SARS-CoV-2" and "COVID-19", together with citation bursts for "immune checkpoint inhibitors" and "ipilimumab," were observed. CONCLUSIONS The focus of MKT-related studies has evolved from exploring the spectrum, risk factors, and outcomes of MKT, to examining the pathogenesis, individualized screening, prevention, and treatment, including appropriate use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Reports of renal transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 have also gained attention since 2019. These suggest that individualized management remains a frontier for research and a future direction in MKT topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Section of Health, No. 94804 Unit of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, PR China
- Resident Standardization Training Cadet Corps, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongwei Bai
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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3
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Faizan U, Nair LG, Bou Zerdan M, Jaberi-Douraki M, Anwer F, Raza S. COVID-19 vaccine immune response in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia: a systematic review. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2023; 11:25151355231190497. [PMID: 37645011 PMCID: PMC10461737 DOI: 10.1177/25151355231190497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with plasma cell dyscrasia are at a higher risk of developing a severe Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Here we present a systematic review of clinical studies focusing on the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia and to utilize the results to improve day-to-day practice. Design Systematic Review. Methods Online databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid, and Cochrane) were searched following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Only articles published in the English language were included. Out of 59 studies, nine articles (seven prospective and two retrospective studies) were included in this systematic review. Abstracts, case reports, and case series were excluded. Results In all nine studies (N = 1429), seroconversion post-vaccination was the primary endpoint. Patients with plasma cell disorders had a lower seroconversion rate compared to healthy vaccinated individuals and the overall percentage of seroconversion ranged between 23% and 95.5%. Among patients on active therapy, lower seroconversion rates were seen on an anti-CD38 agent, ranging from 6.5 up to 100%. In addition, a significantly lower percentage was recorded in older patients, especially in those aged equal to or greater than 65 years and those who have been treated with multiple therapies previously. Only one study reported a statistically significant better humoral response rate with the mRNA vaccine compared to ADZ1222/Ad26.Cov.S. Conclusion Variable seropositive rates are seen in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Lower rates are reported in patients on active therapy, anti-CD38 therapy, and elderly patients. Hence, we propose patients with plasma cell dyscrasias should receive periodic boosters to maintain clinically significant levels of antibodies against COVID-19. Registration PROSPERO ID: CRD42023404989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unaiza Faizan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, 65 Onondaga Road, Apt B, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
| | - Lakshmi G. Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suny Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Faiz Anwer
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shahzad Raza
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Safary A, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Barar J, Omidi Y. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-triggered autoimmunity: Molecular mimicry and/or bystander activation of the immune system. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:269-273. [PMID: 37645029 PMCID: PMC10460773 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Induced autoimmunity or autoinflammatory-like conditions as a rare vaccine-related adverse event have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Such inadvertent adverse reactions have raised somewhat concerns about the long-term safety of the developed vaccines. Such multifactorial phenomena may be related to the cross-reactivity between the viral-specific antigens with the host self-proteins through molecular mimicry mechanism and/or nonspecific bystander activation of the non-target antigen-independent immunity by the entities of the vaccine products. However, due to the low incidence of the reported/identified individuals and insufficient evidence, autoimmunity following the COVID-19 vaccination has not been approved. Thereby, it seems that further designated studies might warrant post-monitoring of the inevitable adverse immunologic reactions in the vaccinated individuals, especially among hypersensitive cases, to address possible immunological mechanisms induced by the viral vaccines, incorporated adjuvants, and even vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Safary
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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LI Z, WAN Y, XU L, ZHANG W, ZHANG Y, LIAO P. Clinical and laboratory features in health care volunteers with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1185-1193. [PMID: 38813035 PMCID: PMC10763784 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To better optimize the inactivated vaccine-induced immune response and improve vaccine protection efficiency, a preliminary study was conducted on the influencing factors of producing neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Materials and methods A total of 91 health care volunteers were enrolled from the Immunology Division of the Laboratory Department of Chongqing General Hospital from February to March 2021. The study had a cross-sectional design. All of the volunteers were scheduled to receive a complete dose regimen of the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine and the vaccination interval between 2 doses was 14 days. Clinical and laboratory features were collected for further analysis. Results The NAb titers gradually increased after COVID-19 vaccination, and 72.53% (n = 66) of the volunteers had NAbs after the second dose. Eight variables, including CD16+CD56+ NK cell level before the first dose (HR = 0.94, p = 0.02), CD16+CD56+ NK cell level after the second dose (HR = 0.94, p = 0.03), interleukin (IL)-2 level before the first dose (HR = 2.09, p = 0.05), mean corpuscular volume (HR = 0.86, p = 0.02), serum urea level (HR = 0.69, p = 0.05), increment of CD19+ B cells (HR = 0.86, p = 0.03), increment of CD4+/CD8+ T cells (HR = 0.21, p = 0.03), and increment of the IL-6 level (HR = 0.75, p = 0.04) demonstrated a correlation with the NAb titers after COVID-19 vaccination. In the multivariate logistical regression analysis, the serum urea level (HR = 2.32, P = 0.03) and increment of CD19+ B cells (HR = 1.96, p = 0.03) were positively correlated with the NAb titers. The principal component analysis effectively distinguished the response after COVID-19 vaccination. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the CD19+ B cell level (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and IL-2 (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and IL-6 levels (r = 0.22, p < 0.001) were weakly positively correlated with the concentration of NAbs. Conclusion The NAbs titers of the inactivated vaccines were positively correlated with the ratio of CD19+ B cell, IL-6, and IL-2 levels in the serum, which provide clinical guidance for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie LI
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Yafang WAN
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Lanlan XU
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Wenjia ZHANG
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Yu ZHANG
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Pu LIAO
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
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6
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Hao L, Hsiang TY, Dalmat RR, Ireton R, Morton JF, Stokes C, Netland J, Hale M, Thouvenel C, Wald A, Franko NM, Huden K, Chu HY, Sigal A, Greninger AL, Tilles S, Barrett LK, Van Voorhis WC, Munt J, Scobey T, Baric RS, Rawlings DJ, Pepper M, Drain PK, Gale M. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron. Viruses 2023; 15:530. [PMID: 36851745 PMCID: PMC9965505 DOI: 10.3390/v15020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
New variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge and evade immunity. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally across the pandemic starting with the first emergence of the virus in the western hemisphere and evaluated the immune escape among variants. A clinic-to-lab viral isolation and characterization pipeline was established to rapidly isolate, sequence, and characterize SARS-CoV-2 variants. A virus neutralization assay was applied to quantitate humoral immunity from infection and/or vaccination. A panel of novel monoclonal antibodies was evaluated for antiviral efficacy. We directly compared all variants, showing that convalescence greater than 5 months post-symptom onset from ancestral virus provides little protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccination enhances immunity against viral variants, except for Omicron BA.1, while a three-dose vaccine regimen provides over 50-fold enhanced protection against Omicron BA.1 compared to a two-dose. A novel Mab neutralizes Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants better than the clinically approved Mabs, although neither can neutralize Omicron BA.4 or BA.5. Thus, the need remains for continued vaccination-booster efforts, with innovation for vaccine and Mab improvement for broadly neutralizing activity. The usefulness of specific Mab applications links with the window of clinical opportunity when a cognate viral variant is present in the infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Hao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tien-Ying Hsiang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ronit R. Dalmat
- International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Renee Ireton
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Morton
- International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Caleb Stokes
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason Netland
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Malika Hale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chris Thouvenel
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anna Wald
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division, Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, & Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kristen Huden
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mayville 4058, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, Congella 4013, South Africa
| | - Alex L. Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sasha Tilles
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lynn K. Barrett
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USA
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul K. Drain
- International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Della Corte L, Cafasso V, Boccia D, Morra I, De Angelis C, De Placido S, Giampaolino P, Di Carlo C, Bifulco G. How SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impacts the Management of Patients with Vulvar Cancer: Experience in a Third-Level Hospital of Southern Italy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020240. [PMID: 36836474 PMCID: PMC9967907 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since February 2020, the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy has induced the government to call for lockdown of any activity apart from primary needs, and changing the lives of each of us. All that has dramatically impacted the management of patients affected by cancer. Patients with vulvar cancer (VC) represent a particularly frail population because they are elderly and affected by multiple comorbidities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on VC patients in terms of delay or impossibility of carrying out the scheduled treatment. Methods: The medical records of patients affected by vulvar tumors, referred to "DAI Materno-Infantile" of AOU Federico II of Naples between February 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The presence of a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasopharyngeal swab defined the positivity to SARS-CoV-2. Results: Twenty-four patients with VC were analyzed and scheduled for treatment. The median age was 70.7 years (range: 59-80). Seven (29.2%) patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection: In three (42.8%) patients, the treatment was delayed with no apparent consequences, in four (57.2%), the treatment was delayed or changed due to cancer progression and, of these four, one died due to respiratory complications of COVID-19, and one died due to oncologic disease progression. Conclusion: COVID-19 caused, in most cases, significant delays in oncologic treatments and high mortality in our series of patients affected by VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Cafasso
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dominga Boccia
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Morra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giampaolino
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Costantino Di Carlo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
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8
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Gao X, Fang D, Liang Y, Deng X, Chen N, Zeng M, Luo M. Circular RNAs as emerging regulators in COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980231. [PMID: 36439162 PMCID: PMC9681929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious acute respiratory disease caused by a newly emerging RNA virus, is a still-growing pandemic that has caused more than 6 million deaths globally and has seriously threatened the lives and health of people across the world. Currently, several drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19, such as small molecules, neutralizing antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies. In addition, several vaccines have been used to prevent the spread of the pandemic, such as adenovirus vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. However, the efficacy of vaccines and the onset of adverse reactions vary among individuals. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators of viral infections and antiviral immune responses and are heavily involved in COVID-19 pathologies. During novel coronavirus infection, circRNAs not only directly affect the transcription process and interfere with viral replication but also indirectly regulate biological processes, including virus-host receptor binding and the immune response. Consequently, understanding the expression and function of circRNAs during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will provide novel insights into the development of circRNA-based methods. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs that regulate the inflammatory response, viral replication, immune evasion, and cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thus highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the treatment of COVID-19 and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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9
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Hao L, Hsiang TY, Dalmat RR, Ireton R, Morton J, Stokes C, Netland J, Hale M, Thouvenel C, Wald A, Franko NM, Huden K, Chu H, Greninger A, Tilles S, Barrett LK, Van Voorhis WC, Munt J, Scobey T, Baric RS, Rawlings D, Pepper M, Drain PK, Gale M. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC neutralization and novel mAb reveal protection against Omicron. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.08.12.22278720. [PMID: 36032965 PMCID: PMC9413723 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.12.22278720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate SARS-CoV-2 variants we isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally during the pandemic starting with first appearance of virus in the Western hemisphere near Seattle, WA, USA, and isolated each known major variant class, revealing the dynamics of emergence and complete take-over of all new cases by current Omicron variants. We assessed virus neutralization in a first-ever full comparison across variants and evaluated a novel monoclonal antibody (Mab). We found that convalescence greater than 5-months provides little-to-no protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination enhances immunity against variants with the exception of Omicron BA.1, and paired testing of vaccine sera against ancestral virus compared to Omicron BA.1 shows that 3-dose vaccine regimen provides over 50-fold enhanced protection against Omicron BA.1 compared to a 2-dose regimen. We also reveal a novel Mab that effectively neutralizes Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants over clinically-approved Mabs. Our observations underscore the need for continued vaccination efforts, with innovation for vaccine and Mab improvement, for protection against variants of SARS-CoV-2. Summary We isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally starting with emergence of virus in the Western hemisphere. Neutralization analyses across all variant lineages show that vaccine-boost regimen provides protection against Omicron BA.1. We reveal a Mab that protects against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants.
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10
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Nurpeisova A, Khairullin B, Abitaev R, Shorayeva K, Jekebekov K, Kalimolda E, Kerimbayev A, Akylbayeva K, Abay Z, Myrzakhmetova B, Nakhanov A, Absatova Z, Nurabayev S, Orynbayev M, Assanzhanova N, Abeuov K, Kutumbetov L, Kassenov M, Abduraimov Y, Zakarya K. Safety and immunogenicity of the first Kazakh inactivated vaccine for COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2087412. [PMID: 35960911 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2087412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the results of a preclinical safety and immunogenicity study of QazCovid-in®, the first COVID-19 vaccine developed in Kazakhstan, on BALB/c mice, rats, ferrets, Syrian hamsters and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The study's safety data suggests that this immunobiological preparation can be technically considered a Class 5 nontoxic vaccine. The series of injections that were made did not produce any adverse effect or any change in the general condition of the model animals' health, while macroscopy and histology studies identified no changes in the internal organs of the BALB/c mice and rats. This study has demonstrated that a double immunization enhances the growth of antibody titers as assessed by the microneutralization assay (MNA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a pre-clinical immunogenicity test on animal models. The best GMT results were assessed in MNA and ELISA 7 days after re-vaccination; however, we noted that GMT antibody results in ELISA were lower than in MNA. A comparative GMT assessment after the first immunization and the re-immunization identified significant differences between model animal groups and a growth of GMT antibodies in all of them; also, differences between the gender groups were statistically significant. Moreover, the most marked MNA immune response to the QazCovid-in® vaccine was seen in the Syrian hamsters, while their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody activity as assessed with ELISA was the lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Nurpeisova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Berik Khairullin
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Abitaev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamshat Shorayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanish Jekebekov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Elina Kalimolda
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Aslan Kerimbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Karligash Akylbayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhandos Abay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aziz Nakhanov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharkinay Absatova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergazy Nurabayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurika Assanzhanova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Khairulla Abeuov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Lespek Kutumbetov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Markhabat Kassenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Yergaly Abduraimov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Kunsulu Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
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11
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Şendur SN, Özmen F, Oğuz SH, İremli BG, Malkan ÜY, Gürlek A, Erbas T, Ünlütürk U. Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotypes with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine-Induced Subacute Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2022; 32:640-647. [PMID: 35387473 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite mass vaccination, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-induced subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rarely seen as a complication. The reason why some individuals are susceptible to developing vaccine-induced SAT is not known. SAT develops in genetically predisposed individuals who carry specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes. It is unknown whether specific HLA alleles are associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT. Objective: This study compared the HLA profiles of patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT to controls, to assess whether there is an association between specific HLA genotypes and development of SAT. The relationship between HLA genotypes and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT was also evaluated. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a Turkish tertiary care center. Fourteen patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT and 100 healthy controls were included. HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 frequencies were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Results: The frequencies of HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 alleles were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT cohort when compared with controls (HLA-B*35: 13 [93%] vs. 40 [40%], p < 0.001; HLA-C*04: 13 [93%] vs. 43 [43%], p < 0.001, respectively). More severe thyrotoxicosis was seen in patients having HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 homozygous alleles (free thyroxine: 4.47 ng/dL [3.77-5.18] vs. 1.41 ng/dL [1.22-2.63], p = 0.048). Inflammation tended to be more severe in homozygous patients (C-reactive protein: 28.2 mg/dL [13.6-42.9] vs. 4.8 [1.2-10.5], p = 0.07). Conclusions: The frequencies of HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 alleles were higher in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT compared with controls. Homozygosity for HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 was associated with thyrotoxicosis and a greater inflammatory reaction. Our findings should be confirmed in studies of other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Nahit Şendur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Özmen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Hanife Oğuz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Gönül İremli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ümit Yavuz Malkan
- Division of Hematology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alper Gürlek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Ünlütürk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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An Integrative Analysis of the Immune Features of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060878. [PMID: 35746486 PMCID: PMC9231306 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, an inactivated vaccine has been widely used with encouraging results as a prophylactic agent against COVID-19 infection, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. However, in vitro SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific immune features remain elusive, hindering the promotion of a third dose of the vaccine. Here, we present a detailed in vitro immune cellular response and large-scale multi-omics analysis for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from participants vaccinated with CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China) and recovered participants from COVID-19. The mean titers of SARS-CoV-2 serum-neutralizing antibodies were significantly increased after the boosting immunization (Day 45) compared to the unimmunized state. We observed that type-1 helper T cells (Th1) tended to dominate after the first dose of vaccine, while humoral immune responses became dominant after the second dose due to the activation of type-2 helper T cell (Th2), memory B cells, and plasmablasts. T follicular helper cells (Tfh) involved in antibody production were activated after the first dose and were maintained for the observed time points. Single-cell RNA sequencing of PBMCs revealed specific changes in cell compositions and gene expression in immunized participants. Multi-omics analysis also demonstrated that CoronaVac-specific serum proteins, plasma metabolites, and plasma lipid changes were skewed to those changes in convalescent patients. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive understanding of CoronaVac-specific in vitro immune features.
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13
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Batatinha H, Baker FL, Smith KA, Zúñiga TM, Pedlar CR, Burgess SC, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Recent COVID-19 vaccination has minimal effects on the physiological responses to graded exercise in physically active healthy people. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:275-282. [PMID: 34882029 PMCID: PMC8799387 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00629.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes are advised to receive the COVID-19 vaccination to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 infection during major competitions. Despite this, many athletes are reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine due to concerns that symptoms of vaccinosis may impair athletic performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the physiological responses to graded exercise. Healthy physically active participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise at intensities corresponding to 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of the predetermined V̇O2max before and ∼21 days after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (2-dose Pfizer mRNA or 1-dose Johnson & Johnson). Vaccination had no effect on a large number of physiological responses to exercise measured in blood (e.g., lactate, epinephrine, and cortisol) and by respiratory gas exchange (e.g., oxygen uptake, CO2 production, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, predicted V̇O2max, and ventilatory threshold) (P > 0.05). We did, however, find significant elevations in heart rate (∼5 beats/min) and norepinephrine (P = 0.006 and 0.04, respectively) in response to vigorous (i.e., 70%-80% V̇O2max) intensity exercise after vaccination, particularly in those who received the two-shot Pfizer mRNA vaccine regimen. These findings held true when compared with demographically matched controls who completed identical bouts of exercise several weeks apart without receiving a vaccine; delta values for heart rate (P = 0.03) and norepinephrine (P = 0.01) were elevated in the second trial for those who received the Pfizer mRNA vaccine compared with the controls at the 70% and 80% V̇O2max stages, respectively. Recent COVID-19 vaccination has minimal effects on the physiological responses to graded exercise in physically active healthy people. The small elevations in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to exercise after the Pfizer mRNA vaccine regimen could have implications for athletes at the elite level and warrants investigation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent COVID-19 vaccination does not affect a large number of physiological responses to graded exercise, indicating that vaccination is unlikely to impair exercise capacity in normal healthy people. Heart rate and norepinephrine levels were elevated in response to exercise after the two-dose Pfizer mRNA vaccination compared to controls. Small elevations in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to exercise after recent COVID-19 vaccination could have implications for exercise performance in elite athletes and warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Batatinha
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Forrest L Baker
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kyle A Smith
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tiffany M Zúñiga
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St. Mary's University, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shane C Burgess
- Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Richard J Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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14
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Peng XL, Cheng JSY, Gong HL, Yuan MD, Zhao XH, Li Z, Wei DX. Advances in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:67. [PMID: 34911569 PMCID: PMC8674100 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2, which is highly infectious and prone to rapid mutation, encodes both structural and nonstructural proteins. Vaccination is currently the only effective method to prevent COVID-19, and structural proteins are critical targets for vaccine development. Currently, many vaccines are in clinical trials or are already on the market. This review highlights ongoing advances in the design of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against COVID-19, including viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines and bionic nanoparticle vaccines. In addition to traditional inactivated virus vaccines, some novel vaccines based on viral vectors, nanoscience and synthetic biology also play important roles in combating COVID-19. However, many challenges persist in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Ji-Si-Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Hai-Lun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Meng-Di Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634 Singapore
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
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15
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Dogan A, Gurbanov R, Severcan M, Severcan F. CoronaVac (Sinovac) COVID-19 vaccine-induced molecular changes in healthy human serum by infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. Turk J Biol 2021; 45:549-558. [PMID: 34803453 PMCID: PMC8573849 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2105-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From the beginning of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in December of 2019, the disease has infected millions of people worldwide and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Since then, several vaccines have been developed. One of those vaccines is inactivated CoronaVac-Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine. In this proof of concept study, we first aimed to determine CoronaVac-induced biomolecular changes in healthy human serum using infrared spectroscopy. Our second aim was to see whether the vaccinated group can be separated or not from the non-vaccinated group by applying chemometric techniques to spectral data. The results revealed that the vaccine administration induced significant changes in some functional groups belonging to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. In addition, the non-vaccinated and vaccinated groups were successfully separated from each other by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This proof-of-concept study will encourage future studies on CoronaVac as well as other vaccines and will lead to make a comparison between different vaccines to establish a better understanding of the vaccination outcomes on serum biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Dogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbaş University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Rafig Gurbanov
- Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik Turkey
| | - Mete Severcan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Altınbaş University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Feride Severcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Altınbaş University, İstanbul Turkey
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16
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Abstract
The rapid development and deployment of mRNA and adenovirus-vectored vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to astound the global scientific community, but these vaccine platforms and production approaches have still not achieved global COVID-19 vaccine equity. Immunizing the billions of people at risk for COVID-19 in the world's low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still relies on the availability of vaccines produced and scaled through traditional technology approaches. Vaccines based on whole inactivated virus (WIV) and protein-based platforms, as well as protein particle-based vaccines, are the most produced by LMIC vaccine manufacturing strategies. Three major WIV vaccines are beginning to be distributed widely. Several protein-based and protein particle-based vaccines are advancing with promising results. Overall, these vaccines are exhibiting excellent safety profiles and in some instances have shown their potential to induce high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses (and protection) both in nonhuman primates and in early studies in humans. There is an urgent need to continue accelerating these vaccines for LMICs in time to fully vaccinate these populations by the end of 2022 at the latest. Achieving these goals would also serve as an important reminder that we must continue to maintain expertise in producing multiple vaccine technologies, rather than relying on any individual platform. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hotez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , .,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.,Hagler Institute of Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , .,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
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17
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İremli BG, Şendur SN, Ünlütürk U. Three Cases of Subacute Thyroiditis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Postvaccination ASIA Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2600-2605. [PMID: 34043800 PMCID: PMC8194612 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) can be seen as a postvaccination phenomenon that occurs after exposure to adjuvants in vaccines that increase the immune responses. There are very limited data regarding ASIA syndrome following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. OBJECTIVES This work aims to report cases of subacute thyroiditis related to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. METHODS We describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of 3 cases of subacute thyroiditis after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac®). Three female healthcare workers have applied to our clinic with anterior neck pain and fatigue 4 to 7 days after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Two of them were in the breastfeeding period. They were negative for thyroid antibodies, and there was no previous history of thyroid disease, upper respiratory tract infection, or COVID-19. Laboratory test results and imaging findings were consistent with subacute thyroiditis. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can lead to subacute thyroiditis as a phenomenon of ASIA syndrome. Subacute thyroiditis may develop within a few days after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Being in the postpartum period may be a facilitating factor for the development of ASIA syndrome after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of subacute thyroiditis as a phenomenon of ASIA syndrome after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Clinicians should be aware that subacute thyroiditis may develop as a manifestation of ASIA syndrome after the inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Gönül İremli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Nahit Şendur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Ünlütürk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Uğur Ünlütürk, MD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe, 06100, Ankara, Turkey, +903213051707,
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18
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Rattanawong W, Akaratanawat W, Tepmongkol S, Chutinet A, Tantivatana J, Suwanwela NC. Acute prolonged motor aura resembling ischemic stroke after COVID - 19 vaccination (CoronaVac): the first case report. J Headache Pain 2021; 22:93. [PMID: 34384351 PMCID: PMC8358547 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01311-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We report the first case of a patient who suffered transient focal neurological deficit mimicking stroke following CoronaVac vaccination. However, instead of an ischemic stroke, motor aura was suspected. Case presentations A 24 year-old Thai female presented with left hemiparesis fifteen minutes after receiving CoronaVac. She also had numbness of her left arm and legs, flashing lights, and headaches. On physical examination, her BMI was 32.8. Her vital signs were normal. She had moderate left hemiparesis (MRC grade III), numbness on her left face, arms, and legs. Her weakness continued for 5 days. A brain CT scan was done showing no evidence of acute infarction. Acute treatment with aspirin was given. MRI in conjunction with MRA was performed in which no restricted diffusion was seen. A SPECT was performed to evaluate the function of the brain showing significant hypoperfusion of the right hemisphere. The patient gradually improved and was discharged. Discussions In this study, we present the first case of stroke mimic after CoronaVac vaccination. After negative imaging studies had been performed repeatedly, we reach a conclusion that stroke is unlikely to be the cause. Presumably, this phenomenon could possibly have abnormal functional imaging study. Therefore, we believed that it might be due to cortical spreading depression, like migraine aura, which we had conducted a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanakorn Rattanawong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasan Akaratanawat
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supatporn Tepmongkol
- Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Biomedical Imaging Group (CUBIG), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aurauma Chutinet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarturon Tantivatana
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nijasri Charnnarong Suwanwela
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Stroke Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Chula Neuroscience Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Tanriover MD, Doğanay HL, Akova M, Güner HR, Azap A, Akhan S, Köse Ş, Erdinç FŞ, Akalın EH, Tabak ÖF, Pullukçu H, Batum Ö, Şimşek Yavuz S, Turhan Ö, Yıldırmak MT, Köksal İ, Taşova Y, Korten V, Yılmaz G, Çelen MK, Altın S, Çelik İ, Bayındır Y, Karaoğlan İ, Yılmaz A, Özkul A, Gür H, Unal S. Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. Lancet 2021; 398:213-222. [PMID: 34246358 PMCID: PMC8266301 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CoronaVac, an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, has been shown to be well tolerated with a good safety profile in individuals aged 18 years and older in phase 1/2 trials, and provided a good humoral response against SARS-CoV-2. We present the interim efficacy and safety results of a phase 3 clinical trial of CoronaVac in Turkey. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Volunteers aged 18-59 years with no history of COVID-19 and with negative PCR and antibody test results for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled at 24 centres in Turkey. Exclusion criteria included (but were not limited to) immunosuppressive therapy (including steroids) within the past 6 months, bleeding disorders, asplenia, and receipt of any blood products or immunoglobulins within the past 3 months. The K1 cohort consisted of health-care workers (randomised in a 1:1 ratio), and individuals other than health-care workers were also recruited into the K2 cohort (randomised in a 2:1 ratio) using an interactive web response system. The study vaccine was 3 μg inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virion adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide in a 0·5 mL aqueous suspension. Participants received either vaccine or placebo (consisting of all vaccine components except inactivated virus) intramuscularly on days 0 and 14. The primary efficacy outcome was the prevention of PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 at least 14 days after the second dose in the per protocol population. Safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04582344) and is active but no longer recruiting. FINDINGS Among 11 303 volunteers screened between Sept 14, 2020, and Jan 5, 2021, 10 218 were randomly allocated. After exclusion of four participants from the vaccine group because of protocol deviations, the intention-to-treat group consisted of 10 214 participants (6646 [65·1%] in the vaccine group and 3568 [34·9%] in the placebo group) and the per protocol group consisted of 10 029 participants (6559 [65·4%] and 3470 [34·6%]) who received two doses of vaccine or placebo. During a median follow-up period of 43 days (IQR 36-48), nine cases of PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 were reported in the vaccine group (31·7 cases [14·6-59·3] per 1000 person-years) and 32 cases were reported in the placebo group (192·3 cases [135·7-261·1] per 1000 person-years) 14 days or more after the second dose, yielding a vaccine efficacy of 83·5% (95% CI 65·4-92·1; p<0·0001). The frequencies of any adverse events were 1259 (18·9%) in the vaccine group and 603 (16·9%) in the placebo group (p=0·0108) with no fatalities or grade 4 adverse events. The most common systemic adverse event was fatigue (546 [8·2%] participants in the vaccine group and 248 [7·0%] the placebo group, p=0·0228). Injection-site pain was the most frequent local adverse event (157 [2·4%] in the vaccine group and 40 [1·1%] in the placebo group, p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION CoronaVac has high efficacy against PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 with a good safety and tolerability profile. FUNDING Turkish Health Institutes Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Durusu Tanriover
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Levent Doğanay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İstanbul Provincial Health Directorate, University of Health Sciences İstanbul Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Akova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Rahmet Güner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alpay Azap
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sıla Akhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Şükran Köse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İzmir Provincial Health Directorate, İzmir University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Şebnem Erdinç
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emin Halis Akalın
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bursa Uludağ University Health Application and Research Centre, Bursa Uludağ University Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ömer Fehmi Tabak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüsnü Pullukçu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Batum
- Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İzmir Provincial Health Directorate, University of Health Sciences Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Şimşek Yavuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University, İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Turhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Taner Yıldırmak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İstanbul Provincial Health Directorate, Prof Dr Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İftihar Köksal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Acıbadem University Atakent Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Taşova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Balcalı Hospital Health Application and Research Centre, Adana, Turkey
| | - Volkan Korten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gürdal Yılmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Ankara Keçiören Sanatorium, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Çelen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Sedat Altın
- Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, İstanbul Provincial Health Directorate, University of Health Sciences İstanbul Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Bayındır
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İnönü University Turgut Özal Health Centre, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İlkay Karaoğlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Application Centre, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Aydın Yılmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Chest Diseases, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Ankara Keçiören Sanatorium, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Gür
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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