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Zhang J, Zhang C, Yang X, Li L, Cao Y, Zhang X, Zhou S, Ma J, Li M, Hou X, Zhang Z, Yao J. Short- and long-term effects of different forage types supplemented in preweaning dairy calves on performance and milk production into first lactation. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00779-3. [PMID: 38754819 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the short- and long-term effects of different forage types supplemented in preweaning dairy calves on growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, bacterial community, and milk production during first lactation. Sixty healthy 1-mo-old female Holstein calves were blocked by birth date and body weight and randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (n = 20): normal milk and pelleted starter feeding (CON), supplemented with chopped oat hay [75.0 g/d/calf (dry matter (DM) basis); OAH], or alfalfa hay [75.0 g/d/calf (DM basis); ALF]. The forage supplementation started when calves were 30 d old (D1 of the experimental period) and ended when they were 73 d old (D44 of the experimental period when calves were weaned. Milk and feed intakes and fecal consistency scores were recorded daily. Growth performance, rumen fluid, and blood samples were collected bi-weekly. After weaning, all the calves were integrated with the same barn and diets. After calving, the milk production was recorded daily. During the experimental period, the OAH group had greater solid feed and total DM intakes and greater rumen pH than the CON group (P ≤ 0.04), but had lower forage intake and crude protein digestibility than the ALF group (P ≤ 0.04). The ALF group had higher rumen pH and blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration (P ≤ 0.04), lower fecal score (P = 0.02), and greater ether extract digestibility (P = 0.02) than the CON group. The ALF and OAH groups had lower concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.01). Still, the ALF group had a greater proportion of acetate and a relative abundance of cellulose degradation-related bacteria (Lachnoclostridium_1 and Oribacterium) and a lower relative abundance of inflammation-related bacteria (Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-009) in the rumen compared with CON. Interestingly, the average milk production from 6 to 200 d in milk (DIM) was greater in the ALF group (P < 0.01) even though no significant effects were found on the rumen fermentation parameters and blood metabolites at 200 DIM. Generally, alfalfa hay supplementation in preweaning dairy calves had positive effects in the short- and long-term in terms of rumen development, health status, and future milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Modern Farming (Group) Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243121, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Ningxia Xingyuanda Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Lingwu 750406, China
| | - Jiajun Ma
- Ningxia Xingyuanda Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Lingwu 750406, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinfeng Hou
- Hebei Leyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Hebei Leyuan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Du T, Li P, Niu Q, Pu G, Wang B, Liu G, Li P, Niu P, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hou L, Hedemann MS, Zhao Q, Huang R. Effects of Varying Levels of Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Fiber Digestibility and Gut Microbiota in Erhualian and Large White Pigs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2474. [PMID: 37894132 PMCID: PMC10609096 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the tolerance of a high-fiber diet in Erhualian pigs (Er-HL), the present investigation systematically investigated the ramifications of varying wheat bran fiber levels, specified as total dietary fiber (TDF) values of 14.07%, 16.32%, 17.99%, and 18.85%, on growth performance, fiber digestibility and gut microbiota in Er-HL, large Large White pigs (L-LW, the same physiological stage as the Er-HL) and small Large White pigs (S-LW, the same body weight as the Er-HL). Our results revealed that fiber levels exerted no discernable impact on growth performance (average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain (ADG)) of Er-HL (p > 0.05). Conversely, L-LW exhibited a decrease in ADFI and ADG with increasing fiber levels (p < 0.05). Notably, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various fiber components, including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, TDF and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), in Er-HL were significantly higher than those in S-LW and L-LW irrespective of diets (p < 0.05). The ATTD of cellulose and hemicellulose in Er-HL significantly decreased with increasing fiber levels (p < 0.05), yet remained statistically indifferent when comparing the 7%-wheat-bran-replaced diet (7% WRB, TDF 16.32%) to the basal diet (TDF 14.07%) (p > 0.05). The cecal microbiota of Er-HL had higher richness estimators (Chao1 and ACE) than those of S-LW and L-LW irrespective of diets (p < 0.01). Breed serves as a pivotal determinant in shaping swine gut microbiota. Thirteen genera were selected as the key bacteria related to high fiber digestibility of Er-HL. Further functional examination of these key genera elucidated an enrichment of pathways pertinent to carbohydrate metabolism in Er-HL samples compared with S-LW and L-LW samples. In summary, Er-HL exhibited high-fiber tolerance both in terms of growth performance and fiber digestibility compared with Large White pigs. Specifically, the ATTD of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, IDF and TDF were significantly higher in Er-HL compared with L-LW and S-LW, irrespective of diets. Fiber level exerted no discernable impact on growth performance (ADFI, ADG) and the ATTD of fiber (NDF, ADF, IDF and TDF) in Er-HL. The optimum fiber level of the Er-HL was identified as 7% WRB (TDF 16.32%). Thirteen genera were ascertained to significantly contribute to high fiber digestibility of Er-HL, correlating with an enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Du
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Pinghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Guang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Binbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Gensheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Pinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Peipei Niu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Zongping Zhang
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Chengwu Wu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
| | | | - Qingbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.D.); (P.L.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223005, China
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Fosses A, Franche N, Parsiegla G, Denis Y, Maté M, de Philip P, Fierobe HP, Perret S. Role of the Solute-Binding Protein CuaD in the Signaling and Regulating Pathway of Cellobiose and Cellulose Utilization in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1732. [PMID: 37512904 PMCID: PMC10384115 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum, cellobiose is imported by the CuaABC ATP-binding cassette transporter containing the solute-binding protein (SBP) CuaA and is further degraded in the cytosol by the cellobiose phosphorylase CbpA. The genes encoding these proteins have been shown to be essential for cellobiose and cellulose utilization. Here, we show that a second SBP (CuaD), whose gene is adjacent to two genes encoding a putative two-component regulation system (CuaSR), forms a three-component system with CuaS and CuaR. Studies of mutant and recombinant strains of R. cellulolyticum have indicated that cuaD is important for the growth of strains on cellobiose and cellulose. Furthermore, the results of our RT-qPCR experiments suggest that both the three (CuaDSR)- and the two (CuaSR)-component systems are able to perceive the cellobiose signal. However, the strain producing the three-component system is more efficient in its cellobiose and cellulose utilization. As CuaD binds to CuaS, we propose an in-silico model of the complex made up of two extracellular domains of CuaS and two of CuaD. CuaD allows microorganisms to detect very low concentrations of cellobiose due to its high affinity and specificity for this disaccharide, and together with CuaSR, it triggers the expression of the cuaABC-cbpA genes involved in cellodextrins uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yann Denis
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Plateforme Transcriptome, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Maté
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR7257 AFMB, Marseille, France
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Wang N, Li P, Cheng Y, Song H, Xu C. Stem-loop structures control mRNA processing of the cellulosomal cip-cel operon in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:106. [PMID: 37386549 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaerobic, mesophilic, and cellulolytic Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum produces an efficient cellulolytic extracellular complex named cellulosome, which consist of a non-catalytic multi-functional integrating subunit, organizing the various catalytic subunits into the complex. Main components of cellulosome were encoded by the cip-cel operon in R. cellulolyticum, and their stoichiometry is controlled by the mechanism of selective RNA processing and stabilization, which allows to confer each processed RNA portion from the cip-cel mRNA on different fates due to their stability and resolve the potential contradiction between the equimolar stoichiometry of transcripts with a within a transcription unit and the non-equimolar stoichiometry of subunits. RESULTS In this work, RNA processing events were found to occur at six intergenic regions (IRs) harboring stem-loop structures in cip-cel operon. These stem-loops not only stabilize processed transcripts at their both ends, but also act as cleavage signals specifically recognized by endoribonucleases. We further demonstrated that cleavage sites were often located downstream or 3' end of their associated stem-loops that could be classified into two types, with distinct GC-rich stems being required for RNA cleavage. However, the cleavage site in IR4 was found to be located upstream of the stem-loop, as determined by the bottom AT-pair region of this stem-loop, together with its upstream structure. Thus, our findings reveal the structural requirements for processing of cip-cel transcripts, which can be potentially used to control the stoichiometry of gene expression in an operon. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that stem-loop structures acting as RNA cleavage signals not only can be recognized by endoribonucleases and determine the location of cleavage sites but also determine the stoichiometry of their flanking processed transcripts by controlling stability in cip-cel operon. These features represent a complexed regulation of cellulosome in the post-transcriptional level, which can be exploited for designing synthetic elements to control gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chenggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Horodincu L, Solcan C. Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2095. [PMID: 37443893 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine-immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune-pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560-480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body's internal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Horodincu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
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Li J, Zhao Y, Yang H, Yang X, Wang J, Zhou J, Shi H. Identification of Bacteria Associated with Tobacco Mildew and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines During Tobacco Fermentation. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:218. [PMID: 37204530 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mildew and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) affect the quality of tobacco products during fermentation. Microbes are thought to play key roles in the development of specific properties of fermented tobacco; however, little is known about the bacteria involved in the fermentation process. This study aims to identify key microbes related to mildew and TSNA formation. Tobacco was fermented at 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C for 2, 4, and 6 weeks, with unfermented samples used as controls. Our preliminary exploration found that TSNAs content elevated with the increase of temperature and period, and mildew was easy to occur at low temperature with short period. Hence, samples were divided into three groups: the temperature gradient group (25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C for 6 weeks); the low-temperature group (control, 25 °C for 2, 4, and 6 weeks); and the high-temperature group (control, 45 °C for 2, 4, and 6 weeks). After collecting fermented tobacco leaves, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to explore the structure and dynamic changes of bacterial community during fermentation. Methylobacterium and Deinococcus were shared between the temperature gradient and high-temperature groups and showed a linear downward trend; these might play a role in the production of TSNAs. Massilia, Ruminiclostridium, and Cellulosilyticum species increased with prolonged fermentation time in the low-temperature group; this might be associated with tobacco mildew. In summary, the microbial diversity of fermented tobacco was explored under different conditions. These findings might provide data and material support to improve the quality of fermented tobacco products; however, further omics based studies are warranted to analysis the gene and protein expression patter in the identified bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- College of Tobacco Science/Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science/Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- College of Tobacco Science/Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xingyou Yang
- College of Tobacco Science/Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Deyang Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Tobacco Group, No. 717 Changyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- College of Tobacco Science/Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Hashemi S, Solli L, Lien KM, Lamb JJ, Horn SJ. Culture adaptation for enhanced biogas production from birch wood applying stable carbon isotope analysis to monitor changes in the microbial community. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 37149601 PMCID: PMC10163780 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Birch wood is a potential feedstock for biogas production in Northern Europe; however, the lignocellulosic matrix is recalcitrant preventing efficient conversion to methane. To improve digestibility, birch wood was thermally pre-treated using steam explosion at 220 °C for 10 min. The steam-exploded birch wood (SEBW) was co-digested with cow manure for a period of 120 days in continuously fed CSTRs where the microbial community adapted to the SEBW feedstock. Changes in the microbial community were tracked by stable carbon isotopes- and 16S r RNA analyses. The results showed that the adapted microbial culture could increase methane production up to 365 mL/g VS day, which is higher than previously reported methane production from pre-treated SEBW. This study also revealed that the microbial adaptation significantly increased the tolerance of the microbial community against the inhibitors furfural and HMF which were formed during pre-treatment of birch. The results of the microbial analysis indicated that the relative amount of cellulosic hydrolytic microorganisms (e.g. Actinobacteriota and Fibrobacterota) increased and replaced syntrophic acetate bacteria (e.g. Cloacimonadota, Dethiobacteraceae, and Syntrophomonadaceae) as a function of time. Moreover, the stable carbon isotope analysis indicated that the acetoclastic pathway became the main route for methane production after long-term adaptation. The shift in methane production pathway and change in microbial community shows that for anaerobic digestion of SEBW, the hydrolysis step is important. Although acetoclastic methanogens became dominant after 120 days, a potential route for methane production could also be a direct electron transfer among Sedimentibacter and methanogen archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedbehnam Hashemi
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Linn Solli
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Kristian M Lien
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jacob J Lamb
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1433, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
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Xu S, Zhan J, Li L, Zhu Y, Liu J, Guo X. Total petroleum hydrocarbons and influencing factors in co-composting of rural sewage sludge and organic solid wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120911. [PMID: 36549453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Co-composting is an efficient strategy for collaborative disposal of multiple organic wastes in rural areas. In this study, we explored the co-composting of rural sewage sludge and other organic solid wastes (corn stalks and kitchen waste), with a focus on the variation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) during this process. 12% corn-derived biochar was applied in the composting (BC), with no additives applied as the control treatment (CK). The TPH contents of piles after composting ranged from 0.70 to 0.74 mg/g, with overall removal efficiencies of 35.6% and 61.1% for CK and BC, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of 12% biochar increased the rate of TPH degradation and accelerated the degradation process. 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing was applied to investigate the biodiversity and bacterial community succession during the composting process. Diverse bacterial communities with TPH degradation functions were observed in the composting process, including Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus spp. These functional bacteria synergistically degraded TPH, with cooperative behavior dominating during composting. Biochar amendment enhanced the microbial activity and effectively promoted the biodegradation of TPH. The physicochemical properties of the compost piles, including environmental factors (pH and temperature), nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and humic substances produced in composting (humic acids and fulvic acids), directly and indirectly affected the variation in TPH contents. In conclusion, this work illustrates the variation in TPH content and associated influencing factors during co-composting of rural organic solid wastes, providing valuable guidance toward the further optimization of rural organic waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Jun Zhan
- POWERCHINA Group Environmental Engineering Co.,LTD, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310005, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Yingming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Xuesong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y. Effects of Different Monochromatic Light Combinations on Cecal Microbiota Composition and Cecal Tonsil T Lymphocyte Proliferation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849780. [PMID: 35903105 PMCID: PMC9314779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays an important role in protecting the integrity of the epithelial barrier, forming a mucosal immune system, and maintaining intestinal homeostasis through its metabolites. However, the intestinal microbiota community can be affected by environmental factors, such as litter, photoperiod, or temperature. Thus, we investigated the effect of different monochromatic light combinations on cecal microbiota composition as well as explored the molecular mechanism by how the external light color information mediate cecal tonsil T lymphocyte proliferation. In this study, a total of 160 chicks were exposed to monochromatic light [red (R), green (G), blue (B), or white (W) light] or green and blue monochromatic light combination (G→B) from P0 to P42. The 16S rRNA microbial sequencing results showed that the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota and the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus were significantly increased in the G→B. With consistency in the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme ability and downregulation of pro-inflammation levels in the cecum, we observed an increase in the number of goblet cells, secretory IgA+ cells, tight junction protein (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1) and MUC-2 expression in the cecum of the G→B. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the relative abundance of metabolites related to butyrate was significantly increased in G→B. In an in vitro experiment, we found that butyrate could effectively induce T lymphocyte proliferation and cyclin D1 protein expression. However, these butyrate responses were abrogated by HDAC3 agonists, STAT3 antagonists, or mTOR antagonists but were mimicked by GPR43 agonists or HDAC3 antagonists. Thus, we suggested that G→B can indirectly affect the composition of cecal microbiota as well as increase the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus and butyrate production by reducing the level of oxidative stress in the cecum. Exogenous butyrate could promote the T lymphocyte proliferation of cecal tonsil by activating the GPR43/HDAC3/p-STAT3/mTOR pathways.
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Katayama S, Okahata C, Onozato M, Minami T, Maeshima M, Ogihara K, Yamazaki S, Takahashi Y, Nakamura S. Buckwheat Flour and Its Starch Prevent Age-Related Cognitive Decline by Increasing Hippocampal BDNF Production in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132708. [PMID: 35807886 PMCID: PMC9269199 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat is an important pseudo-cereal crop worldwide. This study investigated whether long-term administration of buckwheat can suppress age-related cognitive decline in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. For 26 weeks, 18-week-old male SAMP8 mice were fed a standard diet containing 5% (w/w) buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat, wheat, or rice flour. In the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests, mice fed buckwheat whole flour (BWF) showed improved cognitive performance compared to those fed a control diet, while no improvement was noticed in case of the other diets. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that BWF and buckwheat outer flour administration increased the abundance of Lactococcus and Ruminiclostridium, respectively, at the genus level. The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), postsynaptic Arc and PSD95, and the mature neuronal marker NeuN in the hippocampus were increased after BWF administration, which was induced by the activation of the ERK/CREB signaling pathway and histone H3 acetylation. A similar increase in cognitive performance-related hippocampal BDNF expression in SAMP8 mice was observed after the oral administration of starch prepared from BWF. Therefore, the long-term administration of BWF suppresses cognitive decline by increasing hippocampal BDNF production in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Katayama
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (C.O.); (S.N.)
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-265-77-1603
| | - Chizuru Okahata
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (C.O.); (S.N.)
| | - Masashi Onozato
- Nikkoku Seifun Co., Ltd., 1-16-2 Minamichitose, Nagano 380-0823, Japan; (M.O.); (T.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Takaaki Minami
- Nikkoku Seifun Co., Ltd., 1-16-2 Minamichitose, Nagano 380-0823, Japan; (M.O.); (T.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Masanaga Maeshima
- Nikkoku Seifun Co., Ltd., 1-16-2 Minamichitose, Nagano 380-0823, Japan; (M.O.); (T.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Kazuaki Ogihara
- Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center, 205-1 Kurita, Nagano 380-0921, Japan; (K.O.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shinya Yamazaki
- Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center, 205-1 Kurita, Nagano 380-0921, Japan; (K.O.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center, 205-1 Kurita, Nagano 380-0921, Japan; (K.O.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (C.O.); (S.N.)
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11
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Li A, Wang Y, Hao J, Wang L, Quan L, Duan K, Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar M, Ullah K, Zhang J, Wu Y, Li K. Long-term hexavalent chromium exposure disturbs the gut microbial homeostasis of chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113532. [PMID: 35472558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial production, ore smelting and sewage disposal plant can discharge large amounts of heavy metals every year, which may contaminate soil, water and air, posing a great threat to ecological environment and animal production. Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], a recognized metallic contaminant, has been shown to impair kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract of many species, but little is known about the gut microbial characteristics of chickens exposed to Cr (VI). Herein, this study characterized the gut microbial alternations of chickens exposed to Cr (VI). Results indicated that the gut microbial alpha-diversity in chickens exposed to Cr (VI) decreased significantly, accompanied by a distinct shifts in taxonomic composition. Microbial taxonomic analysis demonstrated that the preponderant phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota) were the same in both groups, but different in types and relative abundances of dominant genera. Moreover, some bacterial taxa including 2 phyla and 47 genera significantly decreased, whereas 3 phyla and 17 genera significantly increased during Cr (VI) exposure. Among decreased taxa, 9 genera (Coprobacter, Ruminococcus_1, Faecalicoccus, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Parasutterella, Slackia, Barnesiella, Family_XIII_UCG-001 and Collinsella) even cannot be detected. In conclusion, this study revealed that Cr (VI) exposure dramatically decrased the gut microbial diversity and altered microbial composition of chickens. Additionally, this study also provided a theoretical basis for relieving Cr (VI) poisoning from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiayuan Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Animal husbandry station of Bijie City, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Lingtong Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kun Duan
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | | | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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12
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Reductive Soil Disinfestation Enhances Microbial Network Complexity and Function in Intensively Cropped Greenhouse Soil. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective practice to eliminate plant pathogens and improve the soil microbial community. However, little is known about how RSD treatment affects microbial interactions and functions. Previous study has shown that RSD-regulated microbiomes may degenerate after re-planting with former crops, while the effect of planting with different crops is still unclear. Here, the effects of both RSD treatment and succession planting with different crops on microbial community composition, interactions, and functions were investigated. Results showed that RSD treatment improves the soil microbial community, decreases the relative abundance of plant pathogens, and effectively enhances microbial interactions and functions. The microbial network associated with RSD treatment was more complex and connected. The functions of hydrocarbon (C, H), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycling were significantly increased in RSD-treated soil, while the functions of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens were decreased. Furthermore, the bacterial and fungal communities present in the RSD-treated soil, and soil succession planted with different crops, were found to be significantly different compared to untreated soil. In summary, we report that RSD treatment can improve soil quality by regulating the interactions of microbial communities and multifunctionality.
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13
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Chen L, Meng X, Zhou G, Zhou Z, Zheng T, Bai Y, Yuan H, Huhe T. Effects of organic loading rates on the anaerobic co-digestion of fresh vinegar residue and pig manure: Focus on the performance and microbial communities. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Cerqueira FM, Photenhauer AL, Doden HL, Brown AN, Abdel-Hamid AM, Moraïs S, Bayer EA, Wawrzak Z, Cann I, Ridlon JM, Hopkins JB, Koropatkin NM. Sas20 is a highly flexible starch-binding protein in the Ruminococcus bromii cell-surface amylosome. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101896. [PMID: 35378131 PMCID: PMC9112005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species in the human gut that has the rare ability to degrade dietary resistant starch (RS). This bacterium secretes a suite of starch-active proteins that work together within larger complexes called amylosomes that allow R. bromii to bind and degrade RS. Starch adherence system protein 20 (Sas20) is one of the more abundant proteins assembled within amylosomes, but little could be predicted about its molecular features based on amino acid sequence. Here, we performed a structure-function analysis of Sas20 and determined that it features two discrete starch-binding domains separated by a flexible linker. We show that Sas20 domain 1 contains an N-terminal β-sandwich followed by a cluster of α-helices, and the nonreducing end of maltooligosaccharides can be captured between these structural features. Furthermore, the crystal structure of a close homolog of Sas20 domain 2 revealed a unique bilobed starch-binding groove that targets the helical α1,4-linked glycan chains found in amorphous regions of amylopectin and crystalline regions of amylose. Affinity PAGE and isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that both domains bind maltoheptaose and soluble starch with relatively high affinity (Kd ≤ 20 μM) but exhibit limited or no binding to cyclodextrins. Finally, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the individual and combined domains support that these structures are highly flexible, which may allow the protein to adopt conformations that enhance its starch-targeting efficiency. Taken together, we conclude that Sas20 binds distinct features within the starch granule, facilitating the ability of R. bromii to hydrolyze dietary RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M Cerqueira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda L Photenhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Heidi L Doden
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Aric N Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Edward A Bayer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- Northwestern University, Synchrotron Research Center, Life Science Collaborative Access Team, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Isaac Cann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Illinois Institute of Technology, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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15
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Tao X, Liu J, Kempher ML, Xu T, Zhou J. In vivo Functional Characterization of Hydrophilic X2 Modules in the Cellulosomal Scaffolding Protein. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:861549. [PMID: 35464986 PMCID: PMC9022034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of free cellulases or scaffolding proteins in cellulosomes, the hydrophilic non-catalytic X2 module is widely distributed in cellulolytic Clostridia or other Firmicutes bacteria. Previous biochemical studies suggest that X2 modules might increase the solubility and substrate binding affinity of X2-bearing proteins. However, their in vivo biological functions remain elusive. Here we employed CRISPR-Cas9 editing to genetically modify X2 modules by deleting the conserved motif (NGNT) from the CipC scaffoldin. Both single and double X2 mutants (X2-N: near the N terminus of CipC; X2-C: near the C terminus of CipC) presented similar stoichiometric compositions in isolated cellulosomes as the wildtype strain (WT). These X2 mutants had an elongated adaptation stage during growth on cellulose compared to cellobiose. Compared to WT, the double mutant ΔX2-NC reduced cellulose degradation by 15% and the amount of released soluble sugars by 63%. Since single X2 mutants did not present such obvious physiological changes as ΔX2-NC, there seems to be a functional redundancy between X2 modules in CipC. The in vivo adhesion assay revealed that ΔX2-NC decreased cell attachment to cellulose by 70% but a weaker effect was also overserved in single X2 mutants. These results highlight the in vivo biological role of X2 in increasing cellulose degradation efficiency by enhancing the binding affinity between cells and cellulose, which provides new perspectives for microbial engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Jiantao Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Megan L. Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Tao Xu,
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Jizhong Zhou,
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16
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Synergy of Cellulase Systems between Acetivibrio thermocellus and Thermoclostridium stercorarium in Consolidated-Bioprocessing for Cellulosic Ethanol. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030502. [PMID: 35336078 PMCID: PMC8951355 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobes harbor some of the most efficient biological machinery for cellulose degradation, especially thermophilic bacteria, such as Acetivibrio thermocellus and Thermoclostridium stercorarium, which play a fundamental role in transferring lignocellulose into ethanol through consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). In this study, we compared activities of two cellulase systems under varying kinds of hemicellulose and cellulose. A. thermocellus was identified to contribute specifically to cellulose hydrolysis, whereas T. stercorarium contributes to hemicellulose hydrolysis. The two systems were assayed in various combinations to assess their synergistic effects using cellulose and corn stover as the substrates. Their maximum synergy degrees on cellulose and corn stover were, respectively, 1.26 and 1.87 at the ratio of 3:2. Furthermore, co-culture of these anaerobes on the mixture of cellulose and xylan increased ethanol concentration from 21.0 to 40.4 mM with a high cellulose/xylan-to-ethanol conversion rate of up to 20.7%, while the conversion rates of T. stercorarium and A. thermocellus monocultures were 19.3% and 15.2%. The reason is that A. thermocellus had the ability to rapidly degrade cellulose while T. stercorarium co-utilized both pentose and hexose, the metabolites of cellulose degradation, to produce ethanol. The synergistic effect of cellulase systems and metabolic pathways in A. thermocellus and T. stercorarium provides a novel strategy for the design, selection, and optimization of ethanol production from cellulosic biomass through CBP.
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17
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Impact of Granular Activated Carbon on Anaerobic Process and Microbial Community Structure during Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the impact of granular activated carbon (GAC) on the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and the structure of microbial communities was investigated. These results demonstrated that GAC supplementation effectively enhanced the consumption of produced organic acids in the mesophilic and thermophilic batch tests, accompanied by faster biomethane production in the presence of GAC than from reactors without GAC. However, since the free ammonia level was 3–6 times higher in the thermophilic reactors, this led to the instability of the anaerobic digestion process of the nitrogen-rich substrate at thermophilic temperatures. Bacteroidia and Clostridia were the two main bacterial classes in the mesophilic reactors, whereas the class Clostridia had a competitive advantage over other groups in the thermophilic systems. The archaeal communities in the mesophilic reactors were mainly represented by representatives of the genera Methanosarcina, Methanobacterium, and Methanotrix, whereas the archaeal communities in the thermophilic reactors were mainly represented by members of the genera Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus, and Methanothermobacter. New data obtained in this research will help control and manage biogas reactors in the presence of GAC at different temperatures.
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Kang YR, Su Y, Wang J, Chu YX, Tian G, He R. Effects of different pretreatment methods on biogas production and microbial community in anaerobic digestion of wheat straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51772-51785. [PMID: 33990921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment of wheat straw has been recognized to be an essential step prior to anaerobic digestion, owing to the high abundance of lignocellulosic materials. In order to choose economical and effective techniques for the disposal of wheat straw, effects of five pretreatment methods including acid, alkali, co-pretreatment of acid and alkali, CaO2, and liquid digestate of municipal sewage sludge on anaerobic digestion of wheat straw were investigated by analyzing biogas production and organic matter degradation in the study. The results showed that among these pretreatment methods, the methane yield was highest in the liquid digestate pretreated-wheat straw with 112.6 mL gTS-1, followed by the acid, alkali, and CaO2 pretreatments, and the lowest was observed in the co-pretreatment of acid and alkali. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the microbial communities in the anaerobic digesters revealed that the genera Ruminiclostridium including Ruminiclostridium and Ruminiclostridium 1, Hydrogenispora, and Capriciproducens were the main hydrolytic bacteria, acidogenic bacteria, and acetogenic bacteria, respectively, in the anaerobic digesters. Capriciproducens and Hydrogenispora dominated in the first and the later stages, respectively, in the anaerobic digesters, which could work as indicators of the anaerobic co-digestion stage of sludge and wheat straw. The total solid and SO42--S contents of the solid digestate and the NH4+-N concentration of the liquid digestate had a significant influence on the microbial community in the digesters. These findings indicated that liquid digestate pretreatment was a potential option to improve the anaerobic digestion of wheat straw, due to the low cost without additional chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yao Su
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruo He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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19
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Yan L, Tang L, Zhou Z, Lu W, Wang B, Sun Z, Jiang X, Hu D, Li J, Zhang D. Metagenomics reveals contrasting energy utilization efficiencies of captive and wild camels (Camelus ferus). Integr Zool 2021; 17:333-345. [PMID: 34520120 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of animals. In this study, we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) between wild and captive populations, as well as their different host energy utilization performances through metagenomics. The results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids, fewer methanogens, and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis, leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living camels. These findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field environment. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Tang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Gansu Endangered Animals Protection Center, Wuwei, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Gansu Endangered Animals Protection Center, Wuwei, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Administrative Bureau of Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve, Dunhuang, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Administrative Bureau of Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve, Dunhuang, China
| | - Defu Hu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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20
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Cazaudehore G, Monlau F, Gassie C, Lallement A, Guyoneaud R. Methane production and active microbial communities during anaerobic digestion of three commercial biodegradable coffee capsules under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:146972. [PMID: 33892320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics market is increasing these last decades, including for coffee capsules. Anaerobic digestion, as a potential end-of-life scenario for plastic waste, has to be investigated. For this purpose, mesophilic (38 °C) and thermophilic (58 °C) anaerobic digestion tests on three coffee capsules made up with biodegradable plastic (Beanarella®, Launay® or Tintoretto®) and spent coffee (control) were compared by their methane production and the microbial communities active during the process. Mesophilic biodegradation of the capsules was slow and did not reach completion after 100 days, methane production ranged between 67 and 127 NL (CH4) kg-1 (VS). Thermophilic anaerobic digestion resulted in a better biodegradation and reached completion around 100 days, methane productions were between 257 and 294 NL (CH4) kg-1 (VS). The microbial populations from the reactors fed with plastics versus spent coffee grounds were significantly different, under both the mesophilic and the thermophilic conditions. However, the different biodegradable plastics only had a small impact on the main microbial community composition at a similar operational temperature and sampling time. Interestingly, the genus Tepidimicrobium was identified as a potential key microorganisms involved in the thermophilic conversion of biodegradable plastic in methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cazaudehore
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, Cap Ecologia, 64230 Lescar, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA/CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000 Pau, France
| | - F Monlau
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, Cap Ecologia, 64230 Lescar, France
| | - C Gassie
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA/CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000 Pau, France
| | - A Lallement
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, Cap Ecologia, 64230 Lescar, France
| | - R Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA/CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000 Pau, France.
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21
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Abstract
Cellulosomes are elaborate multienzyme complexes capable of efficiently deconstructing lignocellulosic substrates, produced by cellulolytic anaerobic microorganisms, colonizing a large variety of ecological niches. These macromolecular structures have a modular architecture and are composed of two main elements: the cohesin-bearing scaffoldins, which are non-catalytic structural proteins, and the various dockerin-bearing enzymes that tenaciously bind to the scaffoldins. Cellulosome assembly is mediated by strong and highly specific interactions between the cohesin modules, present in the scaffoldins, and the dockerin modules, present in the catalytic units. Cellulosomal architecture and composition varies between species and can even change within the same organism. These differences seem to be largely influenced by external factors, including the nature of the available carbon-source. Even though cellulosome producing organisms are relatively few, the development of new genomic and proteomic technologies has allowed the identification of cellulosomal components in many archea, bacteria and even some primitive eukaryotes. This reflects the importance of this cellulolytic strategy and suggests that cohesin-dockerin interactions could be involved in other non-cellulolytic processes. Due to their building-block nature and highly cellulolytic capabilities, cellulosomes hold many potential biotechnological applications, such as the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels or the development of affinity based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Alves
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
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22
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Yan P, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Chen S, Zhu W, Yuan X, Cui Z. A comparison and evaluation of the effects of biochar on the anaerobic digestion of excess and anaerobic sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139159. [PMID: 32485390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms and enhancing effects of different biochar loadings on the digesters receiving low and high excess (or anaerobic) sludge loadings were thoroughly examined in the present study. This was done to explore an efficient method for converting excess sludge to anaerobic sludge. Biochar had an obvious effect on the anaerobic digestion of excess sludge but not on the anaerobic sludge. When the amount of biochar added was equivalent to 100% of the sludge TS, the cumulative methane yields of anaerobic digestion inoculated with small and large amounts of excess sludge were respectively 30.2 and 1.7 times that of those without biochar. The number of methanogens in the digesters that received small and large inoculations of excess sludge with 100% biochar, were respectively 105.4% and 20.6% higher than those without biochar. The biochar enhanced the systems performance because it selectively enriched the Trichococcus and Methanomicrobiales tightly attach to it. This enhanced the synergy and overall activity of the system by promoting biofilm development. Ultimately, the integration of 100% biochar and excess sludge can be used as a substitute for anaerobic sludge as an inoculum by giving similar overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxiang Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yubin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shanshuai Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufeng Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Wang H, Li J, Zhao Y, Xu C, Zhang K, Li J, Yan L, Gu JD, Wei D, Wang W. Establishing practical strategies to run high loading corn stover anaerobic digestion: Methane production performance and microbial responses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123364. [PMID: 32334357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is significant to understand corn stover (CS) in anaerobic digestion (AD) under high organic loadings. A semi-continuous mesophilic (37 ± 1 °C) CS AD was conducted in this study with increasing loadings. The initial total solids (TS) gradually increased with 1% gradient at every 10 days from 8% to 15% until the system was acidified. Adding different ratios of cattle manure (CM) (20%, 30% and 40% (v/v)) to rescue this system back to a stable operation was adopted. The diversity of bacteria and archaea was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The results showed that when loading TS content was increased to 15%, AD system was acidized with pH value of 5.13. 30% of CM was the optimal ratio to recover biogas production. High abundance (31.07%) of Bathyarchaeota was first found in AD system. Acidification of high loading CS AD can be highly correlating with bacterial community, specially Clostridium and Caproiciproducens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yiquan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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Zhang W, Yin F, Dong H, Cao Q, Wang S, Xu J, Zhu Z. Bioconversion of swine manure into high-value products of medium chain fatty acids. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:478-487. [PMID: 32615515 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research proposes and demonstrates, for the first time, the utilization of swine manure as a complex feedstock to produce high-value medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) carboxylates platform was adopted for the conversion of swine manure to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and then SCFAs to MCFA (n-caproate, n-heptanoate, and n-caprylate) with ethanol supplementation. We defined the appropriate initial pH of 10.0 for SCFAs production with a carbon conversion rate of 71.2%, and acetate, propionate were the main products, which accounted for around 72.9% of the total SCFAs in the primary stage (I). Through the addition of ethanol, 61.3% of the converted carbon in the complex SCFAs solution was converted into MCFA (C6-C8) in the chain elongation stage (II), while only 6.7% was attributed to methane formation. The concentrations of n-caproate, n-heptanoate, and n-caprylate reached 8.6 g COD/L (3.9 g/L), 6.4 g COD/L (2.7 g/L), and 2.6 g COD/L (1.07 g/L), respectively. This study achieved a relatively higher concentration of n-heptanoate compared with past studies of MCFA from other feedstock. These findings demonstrated a new route for resource recovery and the operating parameters for producing MCFA from swine manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqin Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fubin Yin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qitao Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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25
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Ma T, Wu W, Tu Y, Zhang N, Diao Q. Resveratrol affects in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production and prokaryotic community composition in a time- and diet-specific manner. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1118-1131. [PMID: 32297431 PMCID: PMC7264885 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on methane production, rumen fermentation and microbial composition under high-concentrate (HC) and high-forage (HF) diets using the in vitro fermentation system. A total of 25 mg of resveratrol was supplemented into 300 mg of either HC or HF diet. Methane production, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, molar proportion of VFA, metabolites of resveratrol and prokaryotic community composition were measured after 12 and 24 h of in vitro fermentation. Resveratrol reduced methane production (ml per mg of dry matter degraded) by 41% and 60% under both HC and HF diets (P < 0.001), respectively, and this result could be associated with the lower abundance of Methanobrevibacter (P < 0.001) in response to resveratrol. The molar proportion of propionate was significantly higher in the resveratrol group only under the HC diet (P = 0.045). The relative abundance of 10 bacterial genera was affected by the three-way interaction of treatment, diet and time (P < 0.05). Resveratrol was partly converted to dihydroresveratrol after 24 h of fermentation, and its degradation could be associated with microbes belonging to the order Coriobacteriales. Our results suggest that multiple factors (e.g. diet and time) should be considered in animal experiments to test the effect of polyphenol or other plant extracts on rumen fermentation, methane emission and microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow NutritionFeed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - W. Wu
- Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow NutritionFeed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, GansuChina
| | - Y. Tu
- Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow NutritionFeed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - N. Zhang
- Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow NutritionFeed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Q. Diao
- Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow NutritionFeed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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The effect of a diet based on rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes versus a fresh corn Stover-based diet on the rumen bacterial community and metabolites of beef cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10721. [PMID: 32612135 PMCID: PMC7329892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of the food value of rice straw is urgently required in rice crop growing areas to mitigate pollution caused by rice straw burning and enhance the supply of high-quality forages for ruminants. The aims of the present study were to compare the effects of fresh corn Stover and rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes on rumen fermentation and establish the feasibility of increasing the rice straw content in ruminant diets and, by extension, reducing air pollution caused by burning rice straw. Twenty Simmental hybrid beef cattle were randomly allotted to two groups with ten cattle per group. They were fed diets based either on rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes or fresh corn Stover for 90 days. Rumen fluid was sampled with an esophageal tube vacuum pump device from each animal on the mornings of days 30, 60, and 90. Bacterial diversity was evaluated by sequencing the V4–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Metabolomes were analyzed by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF/MS). Compared to cattle fed fresh corn Stover, those fed rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes had higher (P < 0.05) levels of acetic acid and propionate in rumen liquid at d 60 and d 90 respectively, higher (P < 0.05) abundances of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres and the genera Ruminococcus, Saccharofermentans, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Treponema, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminobacter, and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of metabolites involved in metabolisms of amino acid, carbohydrate, and cofactors and vitamins. Relative to fresh corn Stover, rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes resulted in higher VFA concentrations, numbers of complex carbohydrate-decomposing and H2-utilizing bacteria, and feed energy conversion efficiency in the rumen.
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Islam ST, Vergara Alvarez I, Saïdi F, Guiseppi A, Vinogradov E, Sharma G, Espinosa L, Morrone C, Brasseur G, Guillemot JF, Benarouche A, Bridot JL, Ravicoularamin G, Cagna A, Gauthier C, Singer M, Fierobe HP, Mignot T, Mauriello EMF. Modulation of bacterial multicellularity via spatio-specific polysaccharide secretion. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000728. [PMID: 32516311 PMCID: PMC7310880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellularity is a key evolutionary transition allowing for differentiation of physiological functions across a cell population that confers survival benefits; among unicellular bacteria, this can lead to complex developmental behaviors and the formation of higher-order community structures. Herein, we demonstrate that in the social δ-proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus, the secretion of a novel biosurfactant polysaccharide (BPS) is spatially modulated within communities, mediating swarm migration as well as the formation of multicellular swarm biofilms and fruiting bodies. BPS is a type IV pilus (T4P)-inhibited acidic polymer built of randomly acetylated β-linked tetrasaccharide repeats. Both BPS and exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by dedicated Wzx/Wzy-dependent polysaccharide-assembly pathways distinct from that responsible for spore-coat assembly. While EPS is preferentially produced at the lower-density swarm periphery, BPS production is favored in the higher-density swarm interior; this is consistent with the former being known to stimulate T4P retraction needed for community expansion and a function for the latter in promoting initial cell dispersal. Together, these data reveal the central role of secreted polysaccharides in the intricate behaviors coordinating bacterial multicellularity. A study of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus reveals that the bacteria preferentially secrete specific polysaccharides within distinct zones of a swarm to facilitate spreading across a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim T. Islam
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (STI); (EMFM)
| | - Israel Vergara Alvarez
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Fares Saïdi
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Annick Guiseppi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Leon Espinosa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Castrese Morrone
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Gael Brasseur
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Gokulakrishnan Ravicoularamin
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Cagna
- Teclis Scientific, Civrieux d’Azergue, France
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mitchell Singer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Henri-Pierre Fierobe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Tâm Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Emilia M. F. Mauriello
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (STI); (EMFM)
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Vita N, Borne R, Fierobe HP. Cell-surface exposure of a hybrid 3-cohesin scaffoldin allowing the functionalization of Escherichia coli envelope. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:626-636. [PMID: 31814100 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellulosomes are large plant cell wall degrading complexes secreted by some anaerobic bacteria. They are typically composed of a major scaffolding protein containing multiple receptors called cohesins, which tightly anchor a small complementary module termed dockerin harbored by the cellulosomal enzymes. In the present study, we have successfully cell surface exposed in Escherichia coli a hybrid scaffoldin, Scaf6, fused to the curli protein CsgA, the latter is known to polymerize at the surface of E. coli to form extracellular fibers under stressful environmental conditions. The C-terminal part of the chimera encompasses the hybrid scaffoldin composed of three cohesins from different bacterial origins and a carbohydrate-binding module targeting insoluble cellulose. Using three cellulases hosting the complementary dockerin modules and labeled with different fluorophores, we have shown that the hybrid scaffoldin merged to CsgA is massively exposed at the cell surface of E. coli and that each cohesin module is fully operational. Altogether these data open a new route for a series of biotechnological applications exploiting the cell-surface exposure of CsgA-Scaf6 in various industrial sectors such as vaccines, biocatalysts or bioremediation, simply by grafting the small dockerin module to the desired proteins before incubation with the engineered E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vita
- Aix-Marseille université, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Borne
- Aix-Marseille université, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
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Melatonin Orchestrates Lipid Homeostasis through the Hepatointestinal Circadian Clock and Microbiota during Constant Light Exposure. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020489. [PMID: 32093272 PMCID: PMC7072737 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Misalignment between natural light rhythm and modern life activities induces disruption of the circadian rhythm. It is mainly evident that light at night (LAN) interferes with the human endocrine system and contributes to the increasing rates of obesity and lipid metabolic disease. Maintaining hepatointestinal circadian homeostasis is vital for improving lipid homeostasis. Melatonin is a chronobiotic substance that plays a main role in stabilizing bodily rhythm and has shown beneficial effects in protecting against obesity. Based on the dual effect of circadian rhythm regulation and antiobesity, we tested the effect of melatonin in mice under constant light exposure. Exposure to 24-h constant light (LL) increased weight and insulin resistance compared with those of the control group (12-h light–12-h dark cycle, LD), and simultaneous supplementation in the melatonin group (LLM) ameliorated this phenotype. Constant light exposure disturbed the expression pattern of a series of transcripts, including lipid metabolism, circadian regulation and nuclear receptors in the liver. Melatonin also showed beneficial effects in improving lipid metabolism and circadian rhythm homeostasis. Furthermore, the LL group had increased absorption and digestion of lipids in the intestine as evidenced by the elevated influx of lipids in the duodenum and decrease in the efflux of lipids in the jejunum. More interestingly, melatonin ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis and improved lipid efflux from the intestine. Thus, these findings offer a novel clue regarding the obesity-promoting effect attributed to LAN and suggest a possibility for obesity therapy by melatonin in which melatonin could ameliorate rhythm disorder and intestinal dysbiosis.
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Wang H, Lim TT, Duong C, Zhang W, Xu C, Yan L, Mei Z, Wang W. Long-Term Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Swine Manure with Corn Stover and Microbial Community Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020188. [PMID: 32013160 PMCID: PMC7074675 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure (SM) and corn stover (CS) was conducted using semi-continuously loaded digesters under mesophilic conditions. A preliminary test was first conducted to test the effects of loading rates, and results indicated the 3 g-VS L−1 d−1 was the optimal loading rate. Based on the preliminary results, a verification replicated test was conducted with 3 g-VS L−1 d−1 loading rate and different SM/CS ratios (1:1, 2:1 and 1:2). Results showed that a SM/CS ratio of 2/1 was optimal, based on maximum observed methane-VSdes generation and carbon conversion efficiency (72.56 ± 3.40 mL g−1 and 40.59%, respectively). Amplicon sequencing analysis suggested that microbial diversity was increased with CS loading. Amino-acid-degrading bacteria were abundant in the treatment groups. Archaea Methanoculleus could enhance biogas and methane productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Teng Teeh Lim
- Agriculture Systems Management, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5200, USA; (T.T.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Cuong Duong
- Agriculture Systems Management, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5200, USA; (T.T.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Zili Mei
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13836729365
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Leng J, Huang F, Hai Y, Tian H, Liu W, Fang Y, Hu Y, Peng J. Amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Qushi Huayu decoction is associated with inhibition of the intestinal mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 66:153135. [PMID: 31790895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as the key participant in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by translocation of its products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), via the dysfunctional intestinal barrier. Qushi Huayu decoction (QHD), a traditional Chinese medicine, is developed specially for NAFLD and used in clinic in China for more than a decade and previously found to ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice accompanied with inhibited metabolic endotoxemia and hepatic LPS signalling. PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of LPS gut-leakage inhibition by QHD in NASH. METHODS Effects of QHD on gut microbioa and intestinal barrier were evaluated in NASH induced by HFD in mice. 16S rRNA sequencing is employed to analyse the gut microbiota composition. To identify the potential signalling pathway responsible for tight junction regulation, the colonic phosphoprotein profile is screened via the Phospho Explorer Antibody Array and verified in NASH, intestinal barrier dysfunctional mouse and Caco-2 cells. RESULTS QHD ameliorates NASH accompanied with regulating the gut microbiota composition, protecting intestinal tight junctions and inhibiting LPS gut-leakage without decreasing the abundance of identified Gram-negative bacteria. The validated data of phosphorylated proteins suggested that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is predominantly responsible for the colonic tight junction regulation by QHD. CONCLUSION QHD inhibits LPS gut-leakage in NASH, which is associated with downregulation of intestinal MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Leng
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Huang
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Hai
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajie Tian
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghua Peng
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China.
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López-Mondéjar R, Algora C, Baldrian P. Lignocellulolytic systems of soil bacteria: A vast and diverse toolbox for biotechnological conversion processes. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Guo B, Li D, Zhou B, Jiang Y, Bai H, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhao W, Chen G. Comparative characterization of bacterial communities in geese consuming of different proportions of ryegrass. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223445. [PMID: 31652267 PMCID: PMC6814310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Geese are extremely well-adapted to utilizing plant-derived roughage in their diet, so the grass must be added to commercial diets under intensive rearing systems. However, it is unclear whether the gut microbiota will change significantly when adding different proportions of ryegrass. In this study, 240 healthy male Yangzhou geese (28 days old) with similar body weights were randomly divided into four groups and fed different proportions grass (CK, whole commercial diets; EG1, ryegrass: commercial diets = 1.5:1; EG2, ryegrass: commercial diets = 2:1; EG3, ryegrass: commercial diets = 3:1) respectively. When the geese grew to 70 days old, their intestines were collected and high-throughput sequencing technology was performed to investigate the microbial diversity in the caecum of geese with different dietary supplements. There was no obvious change in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota of geese with ryegrass intake (P > 0.05) and the composition of dominant bacterium (including Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) was also similar. However, the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was remarkably reduced with ryegrass intake (P < 0.05), and the relative abundance of 30 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) significantly differed. Additionally, the content of cellulose-degrading microbiota such as Ruminiclostridium and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 were significantly increased in geese fed with increasing amounts of grass. Finally, the functional profiles of the goose gut microbiota were explored using the PICRUSt tool. Carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were dominant metabolic pathways. Lipid metabolism was significantly increased in EG3 compared that in the CK group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Turicibacter and Parasutterella may have affected abdominal fat deposition as grass intake increased. Taken together, although the diversity of bacterial communities was similar in geese fed with different proportions of ryegrass, cellulose-degrading microbiota (Ruminiclostridium and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010) were abundant and the lipid metabolic pathway was enriched, which may reduce abdominal fat accumulation in high-ryegrass fed geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodi Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Dianhui Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Rearing and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Leng L, Islam MK, Liu F, Lin CSK, Leu SY. Substrate-Related Factors Affecting Cellulosome-Induced Hydrolysis for Lignocellulose Valorization. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133354. [PMID: 31288425 PMCID: PMC6651384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulosomes are an extracellular supramolecular multienzyme complex that can efficiently degrade cellulose and hemicelluloses in plant cell walls. The structural and unique subunit arrangement of cellulosomes can promote its adhesion to the insoluble substrates, thus providing individual microbial cells with a direct competence in the utilization of cellulosic biomass. Significant progress has been achieved in revealing the structures and functions of cellulosomes, but a knowledge gap still exists in understanding the interaction between cellulosome and lignocellulosic substrate for those derived from biorefinery pretreatment of agricultural crops. The cellulosomic saccharification of lignocellulose is affected by various substrate-related physical and chemical factors, including native (untreated) wood lignin content, the extent of lignin and xylan removal by pretreatment, lignin structure, substrate size, and of course substrate pore surface area or substrate accessibility to cellulose. Herein, we summarize the cellulosome structure, substrate-related factors, and regulatory mechanisms in the host cells. We discuss the latest advances in specific strategies of cellulosome-induced hydrolysis, which can function in the reaction kinetics and the overall progress of biorefineries based on lignocellulosic feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Md Khairul Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Vita N, Borne R, Perret S, de Philip P, Fierobe HP. Turning a potent family-9 free cellulase into an operational cellulosomal component and vice versa. FEBS J 2019; 286:3359-3373. [PMID: 31004451 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum and Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans are cellulolytic clostridia either producing extracellular multienzymatic complexes termed cellulosomes or secreting free cellulases respectively. In the free state, the cellulase Cel9A secreted by L. phytofermentans is much more active on crystalline cellulose than any cellulosomal family-9 enzyme produced by R. cellulolyticum. Nevertheless, the incorporation of Cel9A in vitro in hybrid cellulosomes was formerly shown to generate artificial complexes with altered activity, whereas its incorporation in vivo in native R. cellulolyticum cellulosomes resulted in a strain displaying a weakened cellulolytic phenotype. In this study, we investigated why Cel9A is so potent in the free state but functions poorly as a cellulosomal component, in contrast to the most similar enzyme synthesized by R. cellulolyticum, Cel9G, weakly active in the free state but whose activity on crystalline cellulose is drastically increased in cellulosomes. We show that the removal of the C-terminal moiety of Cel9A encompassing the two X2 modules and the family-3b carbohydrate binding module (CBM3b), reduces its activity on crystalline cellulose. Grafting a dockerin module further diminishes the activity, but this truncated cellulosomal form of Cel9A displays important synergies in hybrid cellulosomes with the pivotal family-48 cellulosomal enzyme of R. cellulolyticum. The exact inverse approach was applied to the cellulosomal Cel9G. Grafting the two X2 modules and the CBM3b of Cel9A to Cel9G strongly increases its activity on crystalline cellulose, to reach Cel9A activity levels. Altogether these data emphasize the specific features required to generate an efficient free or cellulosomal family-9 cellulase.
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Wu C, Yang Z, Song C, Liang C, Li H, Chen W, Lin W, Xie Q. Effects of dietary yeast nucleotides supplementation on intestinal barrier function, intestinal microbiota, and humoral immunity in specific pathogen-free chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3837-3846. [PMID: 29945221 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast nucleotides are a fine functional additive in human and animals. The effects of dietary yeast nucleotides supplementation on intestinal development, expression of intestinal barrier-related genes, intestinal microbiota, and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antibody titer of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were investigated. A total of 60 1-d-old chickens were divided into 4 groups, each of which included 3 replicates of 5 chickens. Group 1 served as a control that was fed a basal diet. Groups 2 to 4 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% yeast nucleotides, respectively. All chickens were inoculated intranasally with inactivated IBV vaccine at day 1 and day 10. At day 17, the intestinal development, expression of intestinal barrier-related genes and microbiota were evaluated. There was a significant increased ileal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in group 2 (P < 0.05). Moreover, group 4 exhibited higher expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin gene in ileum (P < 0.05), whereas groups 2 and 3 exhibited higher expression of Mucin 2 (MUC2) and trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) gene (P < 0.05), group 2 showed lower expression of IFN-α gene (P < 0.05). Dietary yeast nucleotides increased intestinal bacterial diversity (P < 0.05), and the abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). At day 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 45, the serum IBV antibody titers were tested. Group 2 exhibited higher IBV antibody titer at day 17 (P < 0.05), furthermore, groups 2 to 4 reached the effective levels 1 wk earlier than control group. In conclusion, dietary yeast nucleotides supplementation can help birds to mount a faster and stronger antibody response to IBV vaccine. In addition, dietary yeast nucleotides supplementation can also promote the intestinal development and barrier-related genes expression, and diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Cailiang Song
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- Guangdong Hinabiotech, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hongxin Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Wirth R, Kádár G, Kakuk B, Maróti G, Bagi Z, Szilágyi Á, Rákhely G, Horváth J, Kovács KL. The Planktonic Core Microbiome and Core Functions in the Cattle Rumen by Next Generation Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2285. [PMID: 30319585 PMCID: PMC6165872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cow rumen harbors a great variety of diverse microbes, which form a complex, organized community. Understanding the behavior of this multifarious network is crucial in improving ruminant nutrient use efficiency. The aim of this study was to expand our knowledge by examining 10 Holstein dairy cow rumen fluid fraction whole metagenome and transcriptome datasets. DNA and mRNA sequence data, generated by Ion Torrent, was subjected to quality control and filtering before analysis for core elements. The taxonomic core microbiome consisted of 48 genera belonging to Bacteria (47) and Archaea (1). The genus Prevotella predominated the planktonic core community. Core functional groups were identified using co-occurrence analysis and resulted in 587 genes, from which 62 could be assigned to metabolic functions. Although this was a minimal functional core, it revealed key enzymes participating in various metabolic processes. A diverse and rich collection of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and other functions were identified. Transcripts coding for enzymes active in methanogenesis made up 1% of the core functions. The genera associated with the core enzyme functions were also identified. Linking genera to functions showed that the main metabolic pathways are primarily provided by Bacteria and several genera may serve as a “back-up” team for the central functions. The key actors in most essential metabolic routes belong to the genus Prevotella. Confirming earlier studies, the genus Methanobrevibacter carries out the overwhelming majority of rumen methanogenesis and therefore methane emission mitigation seems conceivable via targeting the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szilágyi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Horváth
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Hódmezövásárhely, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Kong X, Du J, Ye X, Xi Y, Jin H, Zhang M, Guo D. Enhanced methane production from wheat straw with the assistance of lignocellulolytic microbial consortium TC-5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:33-39. [PMID: 29729539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The major obstacle of methane production from lignocellulose lies in the inefficient deconstruction of biomass. In this study, an anaerobic microbial consortium TC-5 was enriched with high lignocellulose-degradation capacity to enhance methane production from wheat straw. High degradation ratio of 45.7% of un-pretreated wheat straw was achieved due to a multi-species lignocellulolytic enzyme presented in the crude culture supernatant. The specific activity of xylanase, xylan esterase and β-xylosidase reached the highest level of 4.23, 0.15 and 0.48 U/mg, while cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase showed the highest specific activity of 0.36, 0.22 and 0.41 U/mg during 9 days' degradation. Inoculation of TC-5 in digestion sludge during anaerobic digestion of wheat straw resulted in remarkable enhancement of 22.2% and 36.6% in methane yield under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential of TC-5 for enhancing the production of biogas and other chemicals through biomass based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Kong
- East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Du
- East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ye
- East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonglan Xi
- East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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Colocalization and Disposition of Cellulosomes in Clostridium clariflavum as Revealed by Correlative Superresolution Imaging. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00012-18. [PMID: 29437917 PMCID: PMC5801460 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00012-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulosomes are multienzyme complexes produced by anaerobic, cellulolytic bacteria for highly efficient breakdown of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Clostridium clariflavum is an anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium that produces the largest assembled cellulosome complex in nature to date, comprising three types of scaffoldins: a primary scaffoldin, ScaA; an adaptor scaffoldin, ScaB; and a cell surface anchoring scaffoldin, ScaC. This complex can contain 160 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. In previous studies, we proposed potential types of cellulosome assemblies in C. clariflavum and demonstrated that these complexes are released into the extracellular medium. In the present study, we explored the disposition of the highly structured, four-tiered cell-anchored cellulosome complex of this bacterium. Four separate, integral cellulosome components were subjected to immunolabeling: ScaA, ScaB, ScaC, and the cellulosome’s most prominent enzyme, GH48. Imaging of the cells by correlating scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) superresolution fluorescence microscopy revealed that some of the protuberance-like structures on the cell surface represent cellulosomes and that the components are highly colocalized and organized by a defined hierarchy on the cell surface. The display of the cellulosome on the cell surface was found to differ between cells grown on soluble or insoluble substrates. Cell growth on microcrystalline cellulose and wheat straw exhibited dramatic enhancement in the amount of cellulosomes displayed on the bacterial cell surface. Conversion of plant biomass into soluble sugars is of high interest for production of fermentable industrial materials, such as biofuels. Biofuels are a very attractive alternative to fossil fuels, both for recycling of agricultural wastes and as a source of sustainable energy. Cellulosomes are among the most efficient enzymatic degraders of biomass known to date, due to the incorporation of a multiplicity of enzymes into a potent, multifunctional nanomachine. The intimate association with the bacterial cell surface is inherent in its efficient action on lignocellulosic substrates, although this property has not been properly addressed experimentally. The dramatic increase in cellulosome performance on recalcitrant feedstocks is critical for the design of cost-effective processes for efficient biomass degradation.
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He Q, Li L, Zhao X, Qu L, Wu D, Peng X. Investigation of foaming causes in three mesophilic food waste digesters: reactor performance and microbial analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13701. [PMID: 29057910 PMCID: PMC5651842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foaming negatively affects anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW). To identify the causes of foaming, reactor performance and microbial community dynamics were investigated in three mesophilic digesters treating FW. The digesters were operated under different modes, and foaming was induced with several methods. Proliferation of specific bacteria and accumulation of surface active materials may be the main causes of foaming. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) accumulated in these reactors before foaming, which may have contributed to foam formation by decreasing the surface tension of sludge and increasing foam stability. The relative abundance of acid-producing bacteria (Petrimonas, Fastidiosipila, etc.) and ammonia producers (Proteiniphilum, Gelria, Aminobacterium, etc.) significantly increased after foaming, which explained the rapid accumulation of VFAs and NH4+ after foaming. In addition, the proportions of microbial genera known to contribute to foam formation and stabilization significantly increased in foaming samples, including bacteria containing mycolic acid in cell walls (Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, etc.) and those capable of producing biosurfactants (Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, 060F05-B-SD-P93, etc.). These findings improve the understanding of foaming mechanisms in FW digesters and provide a theoretical basis for further research on effective suppression and early warning of foaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Li Qu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Xuya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
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Gao C, Liu L, Yang F. Development of a novel proton exchange membrane-free integrated MFC system with electric membrane bioreactor and air contact oxidation bed for efficient and energy-saving wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:472-483. [PMID: 28475989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel combined system integrating MFC and electric membrane bioreactor (EMBR) was developed, in which a quartz sand chamber (QSC) was used, replacing expensive proton exchange membrane (PEM). An air contact oxidation bed (ACOB) and embedded trickling filter (TF) with filled volcano rock, was designed to increase dissolved oxygen (DO) in cathodic EMBR to save aeration cost. Membrane fouling in EMBR was successful inhibited/reduced by the generated bioelectricity of the system. The combined system demonstrated superior effluent quality in removing chemical oxygen demand (>97%) and ammonia nitrogen (>93%) during the stable operation, and the phosphorus removal was about 50%. Dominant bacteria (Nitrosomonas sp.; Comamonas sp.; Candidatus Kuenenia) played important roles in the removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. The system has good application prospects in the efficient use of water and the development of sustainable wastewater recycling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Fenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Hu BB, Zhu MJ. Enhanced hydrogen production and biological saccharification from spent mushroom compost by Clostridium thermocellum 27405 supplemented with recombinant β-glucosidases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2017; 42:7866-7874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Artzi L, Bayer EA, Moraïs S. Cellulosomes: bacterial nanomachines for dismantling plant polysaccharides. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017; 15:83-95. [PMID: 27941816 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellulosomes are multienzyme complexes that are produced by anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. They comprise a complex of scaffoldin, which is the structural subunit, and various enzymatic subunits. The intersubunit interactions in these multienzyme complexes are mediated by cohesin and dockerin modules. Cellulosome-producing bacteria have been isolated from a large variety of environments, which reflects their prevalence and the importance of this microbial enzymatic strategy. In a given species, cellulosomes exhibit intrinsic heterogeneity, and between species there is a broad diversity in the composition and configuration of cellulosomes. With the development of modern technologies, such as genomics and proteomics, the full protein content of cellulosomes and their expression levels can now be assessed and the regulatory mechanisms identified. Owing to their highly efficient organization and hydrolytic activity, cellulosomes hold immense potential for application in the degradation of biomass and are the focus of much effort to engineer an ideal microorganism for the conversion of lignocellulose to valuable products, such as biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Artzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edward A Bayer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Fosses A, Maté M, Franche N, Liu N, Denis Y, Borne R, de Philip P, Fierobe HP, Perret S. A seven-gene cluster in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum is essential for signalization, uptake and catabolism of the degradation products of cellulose hydrolysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:250. [PMID: 29093754 PMCID: PMC5663094 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like a number of anaerobic and cellulolytic Gram-positive bacteria, the model microorganism Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum produces extracellular multi-enzymatic complexes called cellulosomes, which efficiently degrade the crystalline cellulose. Action of the complexes on cellulose releases cellobiose and longer cellodextrins but to date, little is known about the transport and utilization of the produced cellodextrins in the bacterium. A better understanding of the uptake systems and fermentation of sugars derived from cellulose could have a major impact in the field of biofuels production. RESULTS We characterized a putative ABC transporter devoted to cellodextrins uptake, and a cellobiose phosphorylase (CbpA) in R. cellulolyticum. The genes encoding the components of the ABC transporter (a binding protein CuaA and two integral membrane proteins) and CbpA are expressed as a polycistronic transcriptional unit induced in the presence of cellobiose. Upstream, another polycistronic transcriptional unit encodes a two-component system (sensor and regulator), and a second binding protein CuaD, and is constitutively expressed. The products might form a three-component system inducing the expression of cuaABC and cbpA since we showed that CuaR is able to recognize the region upstream of cuaA. Biochemical analysis showed that CbpA is a strict cellobiose phosphorylase inactive on longer cellodextrins; CuaA binds to all cellodextrins (G2-G5) tested, whereas CuaD is specific to cellobiose and presents a higher affinity to this sugar. This results are in agreement with their function in transport and signalization, respectively. Characterization of a cuaD mutant, and its derivatives, indicated that the ABC transporter and CbpA are essential for growth on cellobiose and cellulose. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in a Gram-positive strain, we identified a three-component system and a conjugated ABC transporter/cellobiose phosphorylase system which was shown to be essential for the growth of the model cellulolytic bacterium R. cellulolyticum on cellobiose and cellulose. This efficient and energy-saving system of transport and phosphorolysis appears to be the major cellobiose utilization pathway in R. cellulolyticum, and seems well adapted to cellulolytic life-style strain. It represents a new way to enable engineered strains to utilize cellodextrins for the production of biofuels or chemicals of interest from cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Maté
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AFMB, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nian Liu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Plateforme Transcriptome, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Borne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
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Davidi L, Moraïs S, Artzi L, Knop D, Hadar Y, Arfi Y, Bayer EA. Toward combined delignification and saccharification of wheat straw by a laccase-containing designer cellulosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10854-9. [PMID: 27621442 PMCID: PMC5047212 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608012113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient breakdown of lignocellulose polymers into simple molecules is a key technological bottleneck limiting the production of plant-derived biofuels and chemicals. In nature, plant biomass degradation is achieved by the action of a wide range of microbial enzymes. In aerobic microorganisms, these enzymes are secreted as discrete elements in contrast to certain anaerobic bacteria, where they are assembled into large multienzyme complexes termed cellulosomes. These complexes allow for very efficient hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose due to the spatial proximity of synergistically acting enzymes and to the limited diffusion of the enzymes and their products. Recently, designer cellulosomes have been developed to incorporate foreign enzymatic activities in cellulosomes so as to enhance lignocellulose hydrolysis further. In this study, we complemented a cellulosome active on cellulose and hemicellulose by addition of an enzyme active on lignin. To do so, we designed a dockerin-fused variant of a recently characterized laccase from the aerobic bacterium Thermobifida fusca The resultant chimera exhibited activity levels similar to the wild-type enzyme and properly integrated into the designer cellulosome. The resulting complex yielded a twofold increase in the amount of reducing sugars released from wheat straw compared with the same system lacking the laccase. The unorthodox use of aerobic enzymes in designer cellulosome machinery effects simultaneous degradation of the three major components of the plant cell wall (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), paving the way for more efficient lignocellulose conversion into soluble sugars en route to alternative fuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Davidi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lior Artzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Doriv Knop
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yonathan Arfi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Edward A Bayer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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Clostridia: a flexible microbial platform for the production of alcohols. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 35:65-72. [PMID: 27619003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solventogenic clostridia are native producers of ethanol and many higher alcohols employing a broad range of cheap renewable substrates, such as lignocellulosic materials and C1 gases (CO and CO2). These characteristics enable solventogenic clostridia to act as flexible microbial platforms for the production of liquid biofuels. With the rapid development of genetic tools in recent years, the intrinsic intractability of clostridia has been largely overcome, thus, engineering clostridia for production of chemicals and fuels has attracted increasing interests. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in the production of alcohols based on solventogenic clostridia. Saccharolytic, cellulolytic and gas-fermenting clostridia are discussed, with a special focus on strategies for metabolic engineering to enable and to improve clostridia for the production of higher alcohols.
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Franche N, Tardif C, Ravachol J, Harchouni S, Ferdinand PH, Borne R, Fierobe HP, Perret S. Cel5I, a SLH-Containing Glycoside Hydrolase: Characterization and Investigation on Its Role in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160812. [PMID: 27501457 PMCID: PMC4976890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum (Clostridium cellulolyticum) is a mesophilic cellulolytic anaerobic bacterium that produces a multi-enzymatic system composed of cellulosomes and non-cellulosomal enzymes to degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides. We characterized one of the non-cellulosomal enzymes, Cel5I, composed of a Family-5 Glycoside Hydrolase catalytic module (GH5), a tandem of Family-17 and -28 Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBM), and three S-layer homologous (SLH) modules, where the latter are expected to anchor the protein on the cell surface. Cel5I is the only putative endoglucanase targeting the cell surface as well as the only putative protein in R. cellulolyticum containing CBM17 and/or CBM28 modules. We characterized different recombinant structural variants from Cel5I. We showed that Cel5I has an affinity for insoluble cellulosic substrates through its CBMs, that it is the most active endoglucanase on crystalline cellulose of R. cellulolyticum characterized to date and mostly localized in the cell envelope of R. cellulolyticum. Its role in vivo was analyzed using a R. cellulolyticum cel5I mutant strain. Absence of Cel5I in the cell envelope did not lead to a significant variation of the phenotype compared to the wild type strain. Neither in terms of cell binding to cellulose, nor for its growth on crystalline cellulose, thus indicating that the protein has a rather subtle role in tested conditions. Cel5I might be more important in a natural environment, at low concentration of degradable glucose polymers, where its role might be to generate higher concentration of short cellodextrins close to the cell surface, facilitating their uptake or for signalization purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Romain Borne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
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Mougiakos I, Bosma EF, de Vos WM, van Kranenburg R, van der Oost J. Next Generation Prokaryotic Engineering: The CRISPR-Cas Toolkit. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:575-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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