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Nanda D, Venkatraman AC, Kalaivanan K. A cross talk study on sitagliptin mediated reclamation on TGF β signalling, DPP 4, miR-29a and miR-24 expression in PCOS rats fed with high fat-high fructose diet. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102375. [PMID: 38604038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disturbance which is very commonly observed in females of reproductive age group. The disease is still incurable however the use of synthetic drugs in combination with lifestyle is recommended. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effects of sitagliptin on PCOS induced rats on control diet (CD)/high fat- high fructose diet (HFFD). PCOS was induced by giving testosterone propionate (TP) for 28 days to both the CD/HFFD rats and treated with STG i.p. for last 15 days. At the end of the experiment lipid profile, inflammatory markers, expression of NF-κB-p65, miR-24 and miR-29a, fibrotic and apoptotic proteins from ovary tissue were examined. Moreover, lipid accumulation and fibrosis of ovary tissue was further confirmed using Sudan III and Masson's trichrome stain. STG treated rats exerted a significant decrease in levels of cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased HDL-C level, miR-24 and miR-29a expression. STG treated groups expressed significantly decreased expression of NF-κB-p65, TGF-β1, p-Smad 2 and p-Smad 3 followed by no significant changes in the expression of BAX, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in all the PCOS induced groups. Among all the CD/ HFFD fed groups, rats on HFFD showed more devastating effect which suggests that diet plays a major role in genesis of PCOS. In conclusion, current results reflect the potential impact of STG against dyslipidaemia, inflammation and fibrosis in PCOS rats via regulating dyslipidaemia and fibrosis via DPP 4 mediated miR-29a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India.
| | | | - Kalpana Kalaivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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2
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Nady ME, El-Raouf OMA, El-Sayed ESM. Linagliptin ameliorates tacrolimus-induced renal injury: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and HIF-1α/CTGF/PAI-1. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:608. [PMID: 38704766 PMCID: PMC11070395 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (TAC) is a frequently used immunosuppressive medication in organ transplantation. However, its nephrotoxic impact limits its long-term usage. This study aims to investigate the effect of linagliptin (Lina) on TAC-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were treated with TAC (1.5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) and/or Lina (5 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks. Histological examination was conducted, and serum and urinary biomarkers were measured to assess kidney function and integrity. Furthermore, ELISA, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical assay were employed to determine signaling molecules of oxidative stress, profibrogenic, hypoxic, and apoptotic proteins. Tacrolimus caused renal dysfunction and histological deterioration evidenced by increased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary cystatin C, and decreased serum albumin as well as elevated tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis scores. Additionally, TAC significantly increased the expression of collagen type-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) renal content. Moreover, TAC decreased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2). In addition, TAC increased protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor1-alpha (HIF-1α), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as well as nitric oxide (NO), 4-hydroxynonenal, caspase-3 and Bax renal contents. Furthermore, TAC decreased Bcl-2 renal contents. The Lina administration markedly attenuated these alterations. CONCLUSION Lina ameliorated TAC-induced kidney injury through modulation of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and apoptosis related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Nady
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Pharmacology Department, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly known as National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6 Abou Hazem St., Pyramids Ave, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Jussila A, Zhang B, Kirti S, Atit R. Tissue fibrosis associated depletion of lipid-filled cells. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15054. [PMID: 38519432 PMCID: PMC10977660 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is primarily described as the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, but in many tissues it also involves a loss of lipid or lipid-filled cells. Lipid-filled cells are critical to tissue function and integrity in many tissues including the skin and lungs. Thus, loss or depletion of lipid-filled cells during fibrogenesis, has implications for tissue function. In some contexts, lipid-filled cells can impact ECM composition and stability, highlighting their importance in fibrotic transformation. Recent papers in fibrosis address this newly recognized fibrotic lipodystrophy phenomenon. Even in disparate tissues, common mechanisms are emerging to explain fibrotic lipodystrophy. These findings have implications for fibrosis in tissues composed of fibroblast and lipid-filled cell populations such as skin, lung, and liver. In this review, we will discuss the roles of lipid-containing cells, their reduction/loss during fibrotic transformation, and the mechanisms of that loss in the skin and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jussila
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Nazeer B, Khawar MB, Khalid MU, Hamid SE, Rafiq M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N, Ali A, Fatima H, Ahmad S. Emerging role of lipophagy in liver disorders. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1-11. [PMID: 36943663 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipophagy is a selective degradation of lipids by a lysosomal-mediated pathway, and dysregulation of lipophagy is linked with the pathological hallmark of many liver diseases. Downregulation of lipophagy in liver cells results in abnormal accumulation of LDs (Lipid droplets) in hepatocytes which is a characteristic feature of several liver pathologies such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Contrarily, upregulation of lipophagy in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is associated with hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in violent cancer cells contributes to the progression of liver cancer. In this review, we have summarized the recent studies focusing on various components of the lipophagic machinery that can be modulated for their potential role as therapeutic agents against a wide range of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismillah Nazeer
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Usman Khalid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Rafiq
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hooriya Fatima
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nicotinamide riboside kinase 1 protects against diet and age-induced pancreatic β-cell failure. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101605. [PMID: 36165811 PMCID: PMC9557729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disturbances in NAD+ metabolism have been described as a hallmark for multiple metabolic and age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes. While alterations in pancreatic β-cell function are critical determinants of whole-body glucose homeostasis, the role of NAD+ metabolism in the endocrine pancreas remains poorly explored. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of nicotinamide riboside (NR) metabolism in maintaining NAD+ levels and pancreatic β-cell function in pathophysiological conditions. METHODS Whole body and pancreatic β-cell-specific NRK1 knockout (KO) mice were metabolically phenotyped in situations of high-fat feeding and aging. We also analyzed pancreatic β-cell function, β-cell mass and gene expression. RESULTS We first demonstrate that NRK1, the essential enzyme for the utilization of NR, is abundantly expressed in pancreatic β-cells. While NR treatment did not alter glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets from young healthy mice, NRK1 knockout mice displayed glucose intolerance and compromised β-cells response to a glucose challenge upon high-fat feeding or aging. Interestingly, β cell dysfunction stemmed from the functional failure of other organs, such as liver and kidney, and the associated changes in circulating peptides and hormones, as mice lacking NRK1 exclusively in β-cells did not show altered glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS This work unveils a new physiological role for NR metabolism in the maintenance of glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cell function in high-fat feeding or aging conditions.
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Sharma A, Virmani T, Sharma A, Chhabra V, Kumar G, Pathak K, Alhalmi A. Potential Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors Towards Hepatic Diseases and Associated Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1845-1864. [PMID: 35733643 PMCID: PMC9208633 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s369712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme having various properties and physiological roles in lipid accumulation, resistance to anticancer agents, and immune stimulation. DPP-4 includes membrane-bound peptidases and is a kind of enzyme that cleaves alanine or proline-containing peptides such as incretins, chemokines, and appetite-suppressing hormones (neuropeptide) at their N-terminal dipeptides. DPP-4 plays a role in the final breakdown of peptides produced by other endo and exo-peptidases from nutritious proteins and their absorption in these tissues. DPP-4 enzyme activity has different modes of action on glucose metabolism, hunger regulation, gastrointestinal motility, immune system function, inflammation, and pain regulation. According to the literature survey, as DPP-4 levels increase in individuals with liver conditions, up-regulation of hepatic DPP-4 expression is likely to be the cause of glucose intolerance or insulin resistance. This review majorly focuses on the cleavage of alanine or proline-containing peptides such as incretins by the DPP-4 and its resulting conditions like glucose intolerance and cause of DPP-4 level elevation due to some liver conditions. Thus, we have discussed the various effects of DPP-4 on the liver diseases like hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver, hepatic regeneration and stem cell, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the impact of elevated DPP-4 levels in association with liver diseases as a cause of glucose intolerance and their treatment drug of choices. In addition, the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on obesity and their negative aspects are also discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Freelancer, Pharmacovigilance Expert, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Chhabra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, 206130, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
- Correspondence: Abdulsalam Alhalmi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen, Email
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Jussila AR, Zhang B, Caves E, Kirti S, Steele M, Hamburg-Shields E, Lydon J, Ying Y, Lafyatis R, Rajagopalan S, Horsley V, Atit RP. Skin Fibrosis and Recovery Is Dependent on Wnt Activation via DPP4. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1597-1606.e9. [PMID: 34808238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the life-threatening, excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix and is sometimes associated with a loss of lipid-filled cells in the skin and other organs. Understanding the mechanisms of fibrosis and associated lipodystrophy and their reversal may reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. In vivo genetic models are needed to identify key targets that induce recovery from established fibrosis. Wnt signaling is activated in animal and human fibrotic diseases across organs. Here, we developed a genetically inducible and reversible Wnt activation model and showed that it is sufficient to cause fibrotic dermal remodeling, including extracellular matrix expansion and shrinking of dermal adipocytes. Upon withdrawal from Wnt activation, Wnt-induced fibrotic remodeling was reversed in mouse skin-fully restoring skin architecture. Next, we demonstrated CD26/ DPP4 is a Wnt/β-catenin-responsive gene and a functional mediator of fibrotic transformation. We provide genetic evidence that the Wnt/DPP4 axis is required to drive fibrotic dermal remodeling and is associated with human skin fibrosis severity. Remarkably, DPP4 inhibitors can be repurposed to accelerate recovery from established Wnt-induced fibrosis. Collectively, this study identifies Wnt/DPP4 axis as a key driver of extracellular matrix homeostasis and dermal fat loss, providing therapeutic avenues to manipulate the onset and reversal of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Jussila
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth Caves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Miarasa Steele
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Hamburg-Shields
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute (HHVI), Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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8
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Liu X, Huuskonen S, Laitinen T, Redchuk T, Bogacheva M, Salokas K, Pöhner I, Öhman T, Tonduru AK, Hassinen A, Gawriyski L, Keskitalo S, Vartiainen MK, Pietiäinen V, Poso A, Varjosalo M. SARS-CoV-2-host proteome interactions for antiviral drug discovery. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10396. [PMID: 34709727 PMCID: PMC8552907 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, remain limited. Understanding viral pathogenesis at the molecular level is critical to develop effective therapy. Some recent studies have explored SARS-CoV-2-host interactomes and provided great resources for understanding viral replication. However, host proteins that functionally associate with SARS-CoV-2 are localized in the corresponding subnetwork within the comprehensive human interactome. Therefore, constructing a downstream network including all potential viral receptors, host cell proteases, and cofactors is necessary and should be used as an additional criterion for the validation of critical host machineries used for viral processing. This study applied both affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) and the complementary proximity-based labeling MS method (BioID-MS) on 29 viral ORFs and 18 host proteins with potential roles in viral replication to map the interactions relevant to viral processing. The analysis yields a list of 693 hub proteins sharing interactions with both viral baits and host baits and revealed their biological significance for SARS-CoV-2. Those hub proteins then served as a rational resource for drug repurposing via a virtual screening approach. The overall process resulted in the suggested repurposing of 59 compounds for 15 protein targets. Furthermore, antiviral effects of some candidate drugs were observed in vitro validation using image-based drug screen with infectious SARS-CoV-2. In addition, our results suggest that the antiviral activity of methotrexate could be associated with its inhibitory effect on specific protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sini Huuskonen
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Taras Redchuk
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mariia Bogacheva
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of VirologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ina Pöhner
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Antti Hassinen
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lisa Gawriyski
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Internal Medicine VIIIUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Vorstandlechner V, Laggner M, Copic D, Klas K, Direder M, Chen Y, Golabi B, Haslik W, Radtke C, Tschachler E, Hötzenecker K, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. The serine proteases dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and urokinase are key molecules in human and mouse scar formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6242. [PMID: 34716325 PMCID: PMC8556235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding skin scarring, mechanisms triggering hypertrophic scar formation are still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate mature human hypertrophic scars and developing scars in mice at single cell resolution. Compared to normal skin, we find significant differences in gene expression in most cell types present in scar tissue. Fibroblasts show the most prominent alterations in gene expression, displaying a distinct fibrotic signature. By comparing genes upregulated in murine fibroblasts during scar development with genes highly expressed in mature human hypertrophic scars, we identify a group of serine proteases, tentatively involved in scar formation. Two of them, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) and urokinase (PLAU), are further analyzed in functional assays, revealing a role in TGFβ1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and over-production of components of the extracellular matrix in vitro. Topical treatment with inhibitors of DPP4 and PLAU during scar formation in vivo shows anti-fibrotic activity and improvement of scar quality, most prominently after application of the PLAU inhibitor BC-11. In this study, we delineate the genetic landscape of hypertrophic scars and present insights into mechanisms involved in hypertrophic scar formation. Our data suggest the use of serine protease inhibitors for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vorstandlechner
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Laggner
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yiyan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Haslik
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hötzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Aposcience AG (FN 308089y), Dresdner Straße 87/A21, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Renoprotective Effects of Incretin-Based Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8163153. [PMID: 34471642 PMCID: PMC8405289 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8163153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are recently discovered antidiabetic drugs with potent hypoglycemic effects. Among different mechanisms of activity, these compounds were shown to reduce blood glucose by suppression of glucagon secretion and stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion. These antidiabetic agents have a minor risk of hypoglycemia and have been suggested as a second-line therapy to be added to metformin treatment to further optimize glycemic control in diabetes. More recently, scientific evidence suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists may particularly afford protection from diabetic nephropathy through modulation of the molecular pathways involved in renal impairment and so improve renal function. This additional benefit adds further weight for these compounds to become promising drugs not only for glycemic control but also to prevent diabetic complications. In this review, we have updated evidence on the beneficial effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on diabetic nephropathy and detailed the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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11
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Xing X, Guo S, Liu Y, Kuang J, Huang Z, Wang X, Lu Q. Saxagliptin protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting caspase 3/PARP-1-dependent nephrocyte apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:990. [PMID: 34345272 PMCID: PMC8311252 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saxagliptin (SAX) can protect against tissue damage caused by diabetic nephropathy. However, whether this compound can restore kidney function, and its specific mechanism of action remain unclear. The present study explored the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SAX. Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into the following groups: A control group (n=10); a group with streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with saline (n=20); and a group with streptozocin-induced DM treated with SAX (n=20). Following 20 weeks of treatment, renal function and the extent of renal damage were assessed based on histological staining using hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. The experimental results indicated that Streptozocin induction of DM led to thicker basement membranes in mesangial cells and a more abundant extracellular matrix. These changes were ameliorated following treatment with SAX. The data demonstrated that renal tissue and renal cell apoptosis were ameliorated significantly following treatment with SAX. Furthermore, the expression levels of the apoptotic genes poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and caspase 3 were significantly decreased following treatment with SAX. Therefore, SAX may reduce the extent of renal apoptosis and pathological outcomes in diabetic nephropathy by downregulating the expression of caspase 3 and PARP-1 in the death receptor pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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12
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Kerry RG, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK, Patra S, Mahari S, Das G, Patra JK, Sahoo S. Molecular prospect of type-2 diabetes: Nanotechnology based diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:421-451. [PMID: 33052523 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About ninety percent of all diabetic conditions account for T2D caused due to abnormal insulin secretion/ action or increased hepatic glucose production. Factors that contribute towards the aetiology of T2D could be well explained through biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects. In this review, we attempt to explain the recent evolving molecular and cellular advancement associated with T2D pathophysiology. Current progress fabricated in T2D research concerning intracellular signaling cascade, inflammasome, autophagy, genetic and epigenetics changes is discretely explained in simple terms. Present available anti-diabetic therapeutic strategies commercialized and their limitations which are needed to be acknowledged are addressed in the current review. In particular, the pre-eminence of nanotechnology-based approaches to nullify the inadequacy of conventional anti-diabetic therapeutics and heterogeneous nanoparticulated systems exploited in diabetic researches are also discretely mentioned and are also listed in a tabular format in the review. Additionally, as a future prospect of nanotechnology, the review presents several strategic hypotheses to ameliorate the austerity of T2D by an engineered smart targeted nano-delivery system. In detail, an effort has been made to hypothesize novel nanotechnological based therapeutic strategies, which exploits previously described inflammasome, autophagic target points. Utilizing graphical description it is explained how a smart targeted nano-delivery system could promote β-cell growth and development by inducing the Wnt signaling pathway (inhibiting Gsk3β), inhibiting inflammasome (inhibiting NLRP3), and activating autophagic target points (protecting Atg3/Atg7 complex from oxidative stress) thereby might ameliorate the severity of T2D. Additionally, several targeting molecules associated with autophagic and epigenetic factors are also highlighted, which can be exploited in future diabetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | | | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Subhasis Mahari
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India.
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13
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Trindade F, Barros AS, Silva J, Vlahou A, Falcão-Pires I, Guedes S, Vitorino C, Ferreira R, Leite-Moreira A, Amado F, Vitorino R. Mining the Biomarker Potential of the Urine Peptidome: From Amino Acids Properties to Proteases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5940. [PMID: 34073067 PMCID: PMC8197949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Native biofluid peptides offer important information about diseases, holding promise as biomarkers. Particularly, the non-invasive nature of urine sampling, and its high peptide concentration, make urine peptidomics a useful strategy to study the pathogenesis of renal conditions. Moreover, the high number of detectable peptides as well as their specificity set the ground for the expansion of urine peptidomics to the identification of surrogate biomarkers for extra-renal diseases. Peptidomics further allows the prediction of proteases (degradomics), frequently dysregulated in disease, providing a complimentary source of information on disease pathogenesis and biomarkers. Then, what does urine peptidomics tell us so far? In this paper, we appraise the value of urine peptidomics in biomarker research through a comprehensive analysis of all datasets available to date. We have mined > 50 papers, addressing > 30 different conditions, comprising > 4700 unique peptides. Bioinformatic tools were used to reanalyze peptide profiles aiming at identifying disease fingerprints, to uncover hidden disease-specific peptides physicochemical properties and to predict the most active proteases associated with their generation. The molecular patterns found in this study may be further validated in the future as disease biomarker not only for kidney diseases but also for extra-renal conditions, as a step forward towards the implementation of a paradigm of predictive, preventive and personalized (3P) medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Trindade
- UnIC—Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - António S. Barros
- UnIC—Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Jéssica Silva
- iBiMED—Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC—Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Sofia Guedes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.F.); (F.A.)
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.F.); (F.A.)
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- UnIC—Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.F.); (F.A.)
| | - Rui Vitorino
- UnIC—Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (I.F.-P.); (A.L.-M.)
- iBiMED—Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.G.); (R.F.); (F.A.)
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Kim K, Lee EY. Excessively Enlarged Mitochondria in the Kidneys of Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050741. [PMID: 34067150 PMCID: PMC8151708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious complication of diabetes and a leading cause of kidney failure and mortality in patients with diabetes. However, the exact pathogenic mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to increased imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics are known to be involved in the development and progression of DN. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant mitochondrial fission is involved in the progression of DN. Conversely, studies linking excessively enlarged mitochondria to DN pathogenesis are emerging. In this review, we summarize the current concepts of imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics and their molecular aspects in various experimental models of DN. We discuss the recent evidence of enlarged mitochondria in the kidneys of DN and examine the possibility of a therapeutic application targeting mitochondrial dynamics in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5024 (K.K.); +82-41-570-3684 (E.-Y.L.); Fax: +82-41-413-5006 (K.K. & E.-Y.L.)
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5024 (K.K.); +82-41-570-3684 (E.-Y.L.); Fax: +82-41-413-5006 (K.K. & E.-Y.L.)
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15
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Mayer AL, Scheitacker I, Ebert N, Klein T, Amann K, Daniel C. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin ameliorates renal injury and accelerated resolution in a rat model of crescentic nephritis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:878-895. [PMID: 33171531 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of oral glucose-lowering drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In a pilot study using human kidney biopsies, we observed high DPP-4 expression in early crescent formation. This glomerular lesion occurs in different kidney diseases and is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the potential involvement of DPP-4 in the pathogenesis of nephritis induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Linagliptin and vehicle were used to treat anti-GBM nephritis in a 2- and 8-week regimen, that is either preventive or therapeutic (treatment started 7 days or 4 weeks after disease induction). Kidney function, morphologic changes, inflammation and fibrosis were monitored. KEY RESULTS In the long-term experiment, linagliptin preventive treatment in anti-GBM nephritic rats significantly reduced the number of crescents, glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and renal fibrosis, compared with those in untreated nephritic rats. Both linagliptin regimes significantly lowered the number of Pax8+ cells on the glomerular tuft in anti-GBM nephritis, indicating accelerated resolution of the cellular crescents. The linagliptin treatment did not change the podocyte stress in both therapeutic groups. Therapeutic intervention with linagliptin resulted in weaker amelioration of renal disease on Week 8 than did preventive intervention. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin ameliorates renal injury in a rat model of anti-GBM, indicating that linagliptin not only is a secure therapy in diabetes but also can improve resolution of glomerular injury and healing in non-diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mayer
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Scheitacker
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadja Ebert
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Cardio-metabolic Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Li M, Ni W, Zhang M, Liu S, Chen M, Hong X, Ma Y, Yu X, Wang W, Yang M, Hua F. MicroRNA-30/Cx43 axis contributes to podocyte injury by regulating ER stress in diabetic nephropathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1674. [PMID: 33490186 PMCID: PMC7812202 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The microRNA-30 family plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury. Cx43 plays an essential role in intercellular communication, which is essential for coordinated kidney function. This study was conducted to explore the function of microRNA-30s/Cx43 in podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN), both in vivo and in vitro. Methods SD rats were given streptozotocin (STZ) injections to induce DN. Podocytes were incubated in the medium in the presence or absence of high glucose (HG). The effects of the microRNA-30/Cx43 axis on DN and its underlying mechanisms were investigated by TUNEL assay, PAS, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, RT-qPCR, RNA interference, and luciferase reporter assay. Podocytes were transfected with microRNA-30 family mimics, microRNA-30 family inhibitors, Cx43 siRNA, and negative controls to detect the effect of the microRNA-30/Cx43 axis. MicroRNA-30 family mimic AAVs, and microRNA-30 family inhibitor AAVs applied to regulate microRNA-30 family expression in the kidneys of the STZ-induced DN model rats to reveal the underlying mechanisms of the microRNA-30/Cx43 axis in DN. Results MicroRNA-30 family member expression was downregulated in HG-treated podocytes and the glomeruli of STZ-induced DN rats. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed Cx43 is a directed target of microRNA-30s. The overexpression of microRNA-30 family members attenuated the HG-induced podocyte injury and protected against podocyte apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) both in vivo and in vitro. Also, silencing Cx43 expression eased podocyte apoptosis, injury, and ERS induced by a HG+microRNA-30 family inhibitor. Double-immunofluorescence staining assays proved the co-localization of caspase12 and Cx43. Conclusions The overexpression of microRNA-30 family members prevents HG-induced podocyte injury and attenuates ERS by modulating Cx43 expression. The microRNA-30/Cx43/ERS axis might be a potential therapeutic target to treat DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Weijie Ni
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shusu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwei Hong
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilang Wang
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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17
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Lee SY, Wu ST, Liang YJ, Su MJ, Huang CW, Jao YH, Ku HC. Soluble Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Induces Fibroblast Activation Through Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:552818. [PMID: 33117158 PMCID: PMC7561399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.552818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the chief secretory cells of the extracellular matrix (ECM) responsible for basal deposition and degradation of the ECM under normal conditions. During stress, fibroblasts undergo continuous activation, which is defined as the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, a cell type with an elevated capacity for secreting ECM proteins. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane glycoprotein and exerts effects that are both dependent and independent of its enzymatic activity. DPP4 has been demonstrated to define fibroblast populations in human skin biopsies of systemic sclerosis. Shedding of DPP4 from different tissues into the circulation appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases. The mechanism underlying soluble DPP4–induced dermal fibrosis has not been clearly determined. The effects of DPP4 on murine 3T3 fibroblasts and human dermal fibroblasts were evaluated by measuring the expression of fibrotic proteins, such as α-SMA and collagen. Soluble DPP4 stimulated the activation of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner by activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling. Blocking proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) abrogated the DPP4-induced activation of NF-κB and SMAD and expression of fibrosis-associated proteins in fibroblasts. Linagliptin, a clinically available DPP4 inhibitor, was observed to abrogate the soluble DPP4–induced expression of fibrotic proteins. This study demonstrated the mechanism underlying soluble DPP4, which activated NF-κB and SMAD signaling through PAR2, leading to fibroblast activation. Our data extend the current view of soluble DPP4. Elevated levels of circulating soluble DPP4 may contribute to one of the mediators that induce dermal fibrosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Tung Wu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jen Liang
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jai Su
- College of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Jao
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Ku
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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18
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Hong OK, Lee SS, Yoo SJ, Lee MK, Kim MK, Baek KH, Song KH, Kwon HS. Gemigliptin Inhibits Interleukin-1β-Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Canonical-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:384-395. [PMID: 32615723 PMCID: PMC7386109 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.35.2.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to inflammatory conditions inducing conversion of endothelial cells (ECs) into activated fibroblasts, promoting fibrotic diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokine is the most potent inducer of EndMT. We investigated inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced EndMT by gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor. METHODS We exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 10 ng/mL IL-1β/20 μM gemigliptin and analyzed the expression of endothelial, smooth muscle, mesenchymal, and osteoblastic markers, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Smad, and non-Smad signaling pathway proteins. RESULTS Morphological changes showed gemigliptin blocked IL-1β-induced EndMT, upregulated EC markers, and downregulated smooth muscle and mesenchymal markers. IL-1β activation of HUVECs is initiated by the BMP/Smad and non-smad BMP signaling pathways. Gemigliptin inhibited IL-1β induction of BMP2 and 7, activin receptor type IA, BMP receptor type IA, and BMP receptor type II. Reversal of IL-1β-mediated inhibition of BMP-induced Smad1/5/8, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation by gemigliptin suggests involvement of the Smad pathway in gemigliptin action. In the non-Smad BMP pathway, gemigliptin treatment significantly increased the deactivation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38, and JNK by IL-1β. Gemigliptin treatment suppressed BMP-2-induced expression of key osteoblastic markers including osterix, runt-related transcription factor 2, and hepcidin during IL-1β-induced EndMT. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a novel protective mechanism of gemigliptin against fibrosis by suppressing IL-1β-induced EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seong-Su Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon,
Korea
| | - Soon Jib Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon,
Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University Medical Center, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Mee-Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
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19
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Gu N, Park SI, Chung H, Jin X, Lee S, Kim TE. Possibility of pharmacokinetic drug interaction between a DPP-4 inhibitor and a SGLT2 inhibitor. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2020; 28:17-33. [PMID: 32274378 PMCID: PMC7136081 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2020.28.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial condition characterized by high level of sugar in the blood. To control hyperglycemia, combination therapy is recommended if monotherapy fails to achieve glycemic control. The combination of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a promising option of the combination therapies in terms of safety as well as efficacy. Despite of the value of combination therapy of these two agents, the pharmacokinetic drug interactions between these two classes of agents have been evaluated in a few drugs. Thus, we reviewed the potential pharmacokinetic drug interaction based on the in vitro metabolism- and transporter-mediated drug interaction information as well as drug interaction studies in human, between a DPP-4 inhibitor and a SGLT2 inhibitor which are marketed in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine and Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xuanyou Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Teragawa H, Morimoto T, Fujii Y, Ueda T, Sakuma M, Shimabukuro M, Arasaki O, Node K, Nomiyama T, Ueda S. Effect of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin on Inflammatory Markers: Sub-Analysis from the REASON Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4993-5001. [PMID: 33364803 PMCID: PMC7751594 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s282968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental evidence has suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have an anti-inflammatory effect as well as a glucose-lowering effect, but this has yet to be confirmed in diabetic patients. Therefore, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of two kinds of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients who participated in the randomized evaluation of anagliptin (ANA) vs sitagliptin (SITA) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) Trial, which compared low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering effects between (ANA) and SITA in patients with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic vascular lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS The studied patients consisted of 177 patients who received ANA 200 mg per day and 176 patients who received SITA 50 mg per day for 52 weeks. We measured high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), white blood cells (WBC), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after treatment for 52 weeks, and the changes in inflammatory markers were measured as the differences between baseline and 52 weeks. Furthermore, we checked the relationship between the change in hs-CRP and several clinical factors such as the baseline hs-CRP level, use of a moderate-intensity statin, presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and taking a previous DDP-4 inhibitor. RESULTS The levels of the inflammatory markers hs-CRP, WBC, and IL-6 were determined to have not significantly changed from baseline to the final follow-up in each arm; furthermore, the changes in these markers were not significantly different between the two groups. The change in hs-CRP level was not affected by the baseline hs-CRP level, use of a moderate-intensity statin, presence of coronary artery disease, and absence of prior DPP-4 inhibitor use. CONCLUSION In this sub-analysis from the REASON Trial, taking a DPP-4 inhibitor, either ANA or SITA, for 52 weeks did not affect the levels of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Teragawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence: Hiroki Teragawa Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, 3-1-36 Futabanosato, Higashi-ku, Hiroshima732-0052, JapanTel +81-82-262-1171Fax +81-82-262-1499 Email
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fujii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mio Sakuma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Arasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomigusuku, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Seo JB, Choi YK, Woo HI, Jung YA, Lee S, Lee S, Park M, Lee IK, Jung GS, Park KG. Gemigliptin Attenuates Renal Fibrosis Through Down-Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:830-839. [PMID: 30877711 PMCID: PMC6943262 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypoglycemic drugs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have proven protective effects on diabetic kidney disease, including renal fibrosis. Although NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is known to play an important role in the progression of renal fibrosis, the impact of DPP-4 inhibition on NLRP3-mediated inflammation while ameliorating renal fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that the renoprotective effect of gemigliptin is associated with a reduction in NLRP3-mediated inflammation in a murine model of renal fibrosis. METHODS We examined the effects of gemigliptin on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced in mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Using immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis, we quantitated components of the NLRP3 inflammasome in kidneys with and without gemigliptin treatment, and in vitro in human kidney tubular epithelial human renal proximal tubule cells (HK-2) cells, we further analyzed the effect of gemigliptin on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-stimulated production of profibrotic proteins. RESULTS Immunohistological examination revealed that gemigliptin ameliorated UUO-induced tubular atrophy and renal fibrosis. Gemigliptin-treated kidneys showed a reduction in levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin-1β, which had all been markedly increased by UUO. In line with the in vivo results, TGF-β markedly increased NLRP3 inflammasome markers, which were attenuated by gemigliptin treatment. Furthermore, gemigliptin treatment attenuated phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB levels, which had been increased in the UUO kidney as well as in TGF-β-treated cultured renal cells. CONCLUSION The present study shows that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to UUO-induced renal fibrosis and the renoprotective effect of gemigliptin is associated with attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Beom Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye In Woo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun A Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seunghyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mihyang Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gwon Soo Jung
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Keun Gyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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Comparing the Effect of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors and Sulfonylureas on Albuminuria in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Open-Label Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101715. [PMID: 31627406 PMCID: PMC6832118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) leads to substantial morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence suggests that antidiabetic drug dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may be able to attenuate albuminuria, whereas the influence of sulfonylureas on albuminuria remains unclear. This prospective open-label study investigated the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas on urinary albumin excretion, which is a marker of renal microvascular abnormality. A total of 101 participants with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled. In addition to metformin therapy, 45 patients were assigned to receive DPP-4 inhibitors and 56 to receive sulfonylureas. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly reduced in recipients of DPP-4 inhibitors after 24 weeks (29.2 µg/mg creatinine vs. 14.9 µg/mg creatinine, P < 0.001), whereas urinary ACR was not significantly changed by sulfonylureas (39.9 µg/mg creatinine vs. 43.2 µg/mg creatinine, P = 0.641). The effect on albuminuria occurred even though both treatment groups had a similar change in serum glycated hemoglobin A1c (-1.87 % vs.-2.40 %, P = 0.250). Therefore, in diabetic patients the addition of DPP-4 inhibitors lowered urinary albumin excretion compared to sulfonylureas, and attenuation of albuminuria may be a consideration when choosing between antidiabetic medications.
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Ren X, Zhu R, Liu G, Xue F, Wang Y, Xu J, Zhang W, Yu W, Li R. Effect of sitagliptin on tubulointerstitial Wnt/β-catenin signalling in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:1189-1197. [PMID: 31412145 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of sitagliptin on Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the tubulointerstitium of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into normal control (NC), diabetic model (DM), low and high-dose sitagliptin intervention groups (ST1 and ST2, respectively). Changes in the biochemical parameters and tubulointerstitial fibrosis index were observed. The levels of protein and gene expression of different indicators were detected via immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. NRK-52E cells were divided into the normal control group, mannitol control group, high glucose group (HG), high glucose plus sitagliptin intervention group (HG + ST) and high glucose plus Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor group (HG + XAV939). The relevant indicators were examined by Western blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared with the NC group, the blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, 24 h urinary albumin, creatinine clearance and tubulointerstitial fibrosis index were significantly increased in the DM group. These parameters were decreased in the ST1 and ST2 groups compared to the DM group. Compared with the NC group, the levels of Wnt4, β-catenin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and α-smooth muscle actin were higher and E-cadherin was lower in the DM group. Sitagliptin treatment reversed these changes. In the high glucose-stimulated NRK-52E cells, sitagliptin and XAV939 inhibited the elevated expression of Wnt4, β-catenin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β and fibronectin and restored E-cadherin activity. CONCLUSION Sitagliptin may inhibit the tubulointerstitial Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy and provide renal protection by alleviatinge renal tubulointerstitial transdifferentiation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Postdoctoral Workstation of Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital (Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences), Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruifang Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaohong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fuping Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People Armed Police Forces, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital (Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences), Taiyuan, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital (Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences), Taiyuan, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital (Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences), Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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More than just an enzyme: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and its association with diabetic kidney remodelling. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104391. [PMID: 31401210 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review article discusses recent advances in the mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) actions in renal diseases, especially diabetic kidney fibrosis, and summarizes anti-fibrotic functions of various DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy (DN). RECENT FINDINGS DN is a common complication of diabetes and is a leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DPP-4 is a member of serine proteases, and more than 30 substrates have been identified that act via several biochemical messengers in a variety of tissues including kidney. Intriguingly, DPP-4 actions on the diabetic kidney is a complex mechanism, and a variety of pathways are involved including increasing GLP-1/SDF-1, disrupting AGE-RAGE pathways, and integrin-β- and TGF-β-Smad-mediated signalling pathways that finally lead to endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, an array of DPP-4 inhibitors is well recognized as oral drugs to treat type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, which promote better glycemic control. Furthermore, recent experimental and preclinical data reveal that DPP-4 inhibitors may also exhibit protective effects in renal disease progression including anti-fibrotic effects in the diabetic kidney by attenuating above signalling cascade(s), either singly or as a combinatorial effect. In this review, we discussed the anti-fibrotic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors based on recent reports along with the possible mechanism of actions and future perspectives to underscore the beneficial effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in DN. SUMMARY With recent experimental, preclinical, and clinical evidence, we summarized DPP-4 activities and its mechanism of actions in diabetic kidney diseases. A knowledge gap of DPP-4 inhibition in controlling renal fibrosis in DN has also been postulated in this review for future research perspectives.
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25
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Takagaki Y, Shi S, Katoh M, Kitada M, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 plays a pathogenic role in BSA-induced kidney injury in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7519. [PMID: 31101909 PMCID: PMC6525172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is appeared to be higher risk of declining kidney function compared to non-diabetic kidney disease with same magnitude of albuminuria. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) could be important for the production of the extracellular matrix in the kidney. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and integrin β1 have shown to be involved in EMT program. Here, we found diabetic kidney is prone for albuminuria-induced TECs damage and DPP-4 plays a vital role in such parenchymal damages in diabetic mice. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) injection induced severe TECs damage and altered expression levels of DPP-4, integrin β1, CAV1, and EMT programs including relevant microRNAs in type 1 diabetic CD-1 mice when compared to non-diabetic mice; teneligliptin (TENE) ameliorated these alterations. TENE suppressed the close proximity among DPP-4, integrin β1 and CAV1 in a culture of HK-2 cells. These findings suggest that DPP-4 inhibition can be relevant for combating proteinuric DKD by targeting the EMT program induced by the crosstalk among DPP-4, integrin β1 and CAV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Sen Shi
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Makoto Katoh
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. .,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. .,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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A therapeutic approach towards microRNA29 family in vascular diabetic complications: A boon or curse? J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:243-254. [PMID: 31275895 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the major metabolic disorders and its severity leads to death. Enhancement in hyperglycaemic conditions of DM gives rise to endothelial impairment in small and large blood vessels contributing towards microvascular and macrovascular complications respectively. The pathogenesis of diabetic complications is associated with interruption of various signal transduction pathways due to epigenetic modifications such as aberrant histone modifications, DNA methylation and expression of miRNAs along with the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Amongst these epigenetic alterations, modulated expressions of miRNAs confer to apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction of organs that gives rise to vascular complications. In this review, we principally focussed on physiological role of miR29 family in DM and have discussed crosstalk between miR29 family and numerous genes involved in signal transduction pathways of Diabetic vascular complications. Incidences of diabetic retinopathy exploiting the role of miR29 in regulation of EMT process, differential expression patterns of miR29 and promising therapeutic role of miR29 have been discussed. We have summarised the therapeutic role of miR29 in podocyte impairment and how miR29 regulates the expressions of profibrotic, inflammatory and ECM encoding genes in renal fibrosis under diabetic conditions. We have also highlighted impact of miR29 expression patterns in cardiac angiopathy, cardiomyocyte's apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, we have also presented the contradictory actions of miR29 family in amelioration as well as in enhancement of diabetic complications.
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miR-29b Mediates the Chronic Inflammatory Response in Radiotherapy-Induced Vascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:72-82. [PMID: 30847421 PMCID: PMC6390501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a powerful treatment strategy in patients with oncological diseases. Radiation-induced vasculopathy can dose dependently increase the risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke). The microRNA miR-29b is repressed in radiation-induced vasculopathy (human irradiated vs. nonirradiated tissue specimen, as well as in murine and cell culture models of irradiation). Pentraxin-3 and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 are the main downstream effectors of miR-29b in radiation-induced vasculopathy. miR-29b mimics were able to limit pentraxin-3 and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 levels in the irradiated vasculature (murine model) and to constrain the burden of vascular inflammation.
As a consequence of the success of present-day cancer treatment, radiotherapy-induced vascular disease is emerging. This disease is caused by chronic inflammatory activation and is likely orchestrated in part by microRNAs. In irradiated versus nonirradiated conduit arteries from patients receiving microvascular free tissue transfer reconstructions, irradiation resulted in down-regulation of miR-29b and up-regulation of miR-146b. miR-29b affected inflammation and adverse wound healing through its targets pentraxin-3 and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4. In vitro and in vivo, we showed that miR-29b overexpression therapy, through inhibition of pentraxin-3 and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4, could dampen the vascular inflammatory response.
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Key Words
- Apoe–/–, apolipoprotein E knockout
- DIG, digoxigenin
- DPP4, Dpp4, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4
- FFT, free flap tissue transfer
- HCtAEC, human carotid artery endothelial cell
- HCtASMC, human carotid artery smooth muscle cell
- NR, nonirradiated
- PTX3, Ptx3, pentraxin-3
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- SMC, smooth muscle cell
- TGF, tumor growth factor
- arteriosclerosis
- inflammation
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- miRNA, microRNA
- microRNA
- radiotherapy
- vRTx, radiation vasculopathy
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Zhang H, Sun D, Wang G, Cui S, Field RA, Li J, Zang Y. Alogliptin alleviates liver fibrosis via suppression of activated hepatic stellate cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:387-393. [PMID: 30797555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. The understanding of the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis has grown considerably, but the effective treatments are still lacking. Alogliptin, a classical Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor with great effects on type 2 diabetes, has shown the potential to protect liver, but its effects on the progression of liver fibrosis have not been clarified. Herein, we explored the anti-fibrosis effects of alogliptin. In vitro, we demonstrated that alogliptin suppressed the activation of LX-2 upon transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) challenge. In vivo, chronic treatment with alogliptin alleviated hepatic steatosis and protected from the liver injury in ob/ob mice, which delayed the progression of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, alogliptin significantly relieved the hepatic fibrosis in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that negatively modulation of alogliptin on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation might contribute to liver fibrosis alleviation. Our research provides the potential possibility of alogliptin on the application for liver fibrosis therapy and suggests that DPP4 may be a novel target for liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guanzhen Wang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shichao Cui
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Chen CY, Wu VC, Lin CJ, Lin CS, Pan CF, Chen HH, Lin YF, Huang TM, Chen L, Wu CJ. Improvement in Mortality and End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Acute Kidney Injury Who Are Prescribed Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:1760-1774. [PMID: 30343892 PMCID: PMC7126857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To focus on the potential beneficial effects of the pleiotropic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) on attenuating progression of diabetic kidney disease in reducing the long-term effect of the acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from the National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1, 1999, to July 31, 2011, were analyzed, and patients with diabetes weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI were identified. Cox proportional hazards models and inverse-weighted estimates of the probability of treatment were used to adjust for treatment selection bias. The outcomes were incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and hospitalized heart failure. RESULTS Of a total of 6165 patients with diabetes weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI identified, 5635 (91.4%) patients were DPP4i nonusers and 530 (8.6%) patients were DPP4i users. Compared with DPP4i nonusers, DPP4i users had a lower risk of ESRD (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.94; P=.04) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.23-0.34; P<.001) after adjustments for CKD, advanced CKD, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use. In contrast, the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and hospitalized heart failure did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor users had a lower risk of ESRD and mortality than did nonusers among patients with diabetes after weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI. Therefore, a prospective study of AKI to CKD transitions after episodes of AKI is needed to optimally target DPP4i interventions.
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Key Words
- aki, acute kidney injury
- aki-d, dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury
- ckd, chronic kidney disease
- dm, diabetes mellitus
- dpp4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4
- dpp4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitior
- esrd, end-stage renal disease
- hhf, hospitalized heart failure
- hr, hazard ratio
- icd-9-cm, international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification
- iptw, inverse probability of treatment weighting
- kim-1, kidney injury molecule-1
- mace, major adverse cardiovascular event
- mi, myocardial infarction
- mpr, medication possession ratio
- nhi, national health insurance
- nhird, national health insurance research database
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Pan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Min Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Likwang Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Dewanjee S, Bhattacharjee N. MicroRNA: A new generation therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:32-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tomovic K, Lazarevic J, Kocic G, Deljanin-Ilic M, Anderluh M, Smelcerovic A. Mechanisms and pathways of anti-inflammatory activity of DPP-4 inhibitors in cardiovascular and renal protection. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:404-422. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Jelena Lazarevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Gordana Kocic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Marina Deljanin-Ilic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; 18205 Niska Banja Serbia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Askerceva 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Andrija Smelcerovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
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Rosenstock J, Perkovic V, Alexander JH, Cooper ME, Marx N, Pencina MJ, Toto RD, Wanner C, Zinman B, Baanstra D, Pfarr E, Mattheus M, Broedl UC, Woerle HJ, George JT, von Eynatten M, McGuire DK. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the CArdiovascular safety and Renal Microvascular outcomE study with LINAgliptin (CARMELINA ®): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardio-renal risk. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018. [PMID: 29540217 PMCID: PMC5870815 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials in type 2 diabetes (T2D) have underrepresented patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to uncertainty regarding their kidney efficacy and safety. The CARMELINA® trial aims to evaluate the effects of linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on both CV and kidney outcomes in a study population enriched for cardio-renal risk. Methods CARMELINA® is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 27 countries in T2D patients at high risk of CV and/or kidney events. Participants with evidence of CKD with or without CV disease and HbA1c 6.5–10.0% (48–86 mmol/mol) were randomized 1:1 to receive linagliptin once daily or matching placebo, added to standard of care adjusted according to local guidelines. The primary outcome is time to first occurrence of CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke. The key secondary outcome is a composite of time to first sustained occurrence of end-stage kidney disease, ≥ 40% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline, or renal death. CV and kidney events are prospectively adjudicated by independent, blinded clinical event committees. CARMELINA® was designed to continue until at least 611 participants had confirmed primary outcome events. Assuming a hazard ratio of 1.0, this provides 90% power to demonstrate non-inferiority of linagliptin versus placebo within the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 1.3 at a one-sided α-level of 2.5%. If non-inferiority of linagliptin for the primary outcome is demonstrated, then its superiority for both the primary outcome and the key secondary outcome will be investigated with a sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Results Between July 2013 and August 2016, 6980 patients were randomized and took ≥ 1 dose of study drug (40.6, 33.1, 16.9, and 9.4% from Europe, South America, North America, and Asia, respectively). At baseline, mean ± SD age was 65.8 ± 9.1 years, HbA1c 7.9 ± 1.0%, BMI 31.3 ± 5.3 kg/m2, and eGFR 55 ± 25 mL/min/1.73 m2. A total of 5148 patients (73.8%) had prevalent kidney disease (defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or macroalbuminuria [albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g]) and 3990 patients (57.2%) had established CV disease with increased albuminuria; these characteristics were not mutually exclusive. Microalbuminuria (n = 2896 [41.5%]) and macroalbuminuria (n = 2691 [38.6%]) were common. Conclusions CARMELINA® will add important information regarding the CV and kidney disease clinical profile of linagliptin by including an understudied, vulnerable cohort of patients with T2D at highest cardio-renal risk. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier—NCT01897532; registered July 9, 2013 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0682-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rosenstock
- Dallas Diabetes Research Center at Medical City, 7777 Forest Lane, Suite C-685, Dallas, TX, 75230, USA.
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mark E Cooper
- Head of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Robert D Toto
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bernard Zinman
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Egon Pfarr
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Uli C Broedl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Darren K McGuire
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Kanasaki K. The role of renal dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in kidney disease: renal effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with a focus on linagliptin. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:489-507. [PMID: 29491123 PMCID: PMC5828949 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors used to treat type 2 diabetes may have nephroprotective effects beyond the reduced renal risk conferred by glycemic control. DPP-4 is a ubiquitous protein with exopeptidase activity that exists in cell membrane-bound and soluble forms. The kidneys contain the highest levels of DPP-4, which is increased in diabetic nephropathy. DPP-4 inhibitors are a chemically heterogeneous class of drugs with important pharmacological differences. Of the globally marketed DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin is of particular interest for diabetic nephropathy as it is the only compound that is not predominantly excreted in the urine. Linagliptin is also the most potent DPP-4 inhibitor, has the highest affinity for this protein, and has the largest volume of distribution; these properties allow linagliptin to penetrate kidney tissue and tightly bind resident DPP-4. In animal models of kidney disease, linagliptin elicited multiple renoprotective effects, including reducing albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, independent of changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose levels. At the molecular level, linagliptin prevented the pro-fibrotic endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by disrupting the interaction between membrane-bound DPP-4 and integrin β1 that enhances signaling by transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1. Linagliptin also increased stromal cell derived factor-1 levels, ameliorated endothelial dysfunction, and displayed unique antioxidant effects. Although the nephroprotective effects of linagliptin are yet to be translated to the clinical setting, the ongoing Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study with Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (CARMELINA®) study will definitively assess the renal effects of this DPP-4 inhibitor. CARMELINA® is the only clinical trial of a DPP-4 inhibitor powered to evaluate kidney outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Crotty Alexander LE, Drummond CA, Hepokoski M, Mathew D, Moshensky A, Willeford A, Das S, Singh P, Yong Z, Lee JH, Vega K, Du A, Shin J, Javier C, Tian J, Brown JH, Breen EC. Chronic inhalation of e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine disrupts airway barrier function and induces systemic inflammation and multiorgan fibrosis in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R834-R847. [PMID: 29384700 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00270.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic (e)-cigarettes theoretically may be safer than conventional tobacco. However, our prior studies demonstrated direct adverse effects of e-cigarette vapor (EV) on airway cells, including decreased viability and function. We hypothesize that repetitive, chronic inhalation of EV will diminish airway barrier function, leading to inflammatory protein release into circulation, creating a systemic inflammatory state, ultimately leading to distant organ injury and dysfunction. C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice underwent nose only EV exposure daily for 3-6 mo, followed by cardiorenal physiological testing. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells were grown at an air-liquid interface and exposed to EV for 15 min daily for 3-5 days before functional testing. Daily inhalation of EV increased circulating proinflammatory and profibrotic proteins in both C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice: the greatest increases observed were in angiopoietin-1 (31-fold) and EGF (25-fold). Proinflammatory responses were recapitulated by daily EV exposures in vitro of human airway epithelium, with EV epithelium secreting higher IL-8 in response to infection (227 vs. 37 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.05). Chronic EV inhalation in vivo reduced renal filtration by 20% ( P = 0.017). Fibrosis, assessed by Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red staining, was increased in EV kidneys (1.86-fold, C57BL/6; 3.2-fold, CD-1; P < 0.05), heart (2.75-fold, C57BL/6 mice; P < 0.05), and liver (1.77-fold in CD-1; P < 0.0001). Gene expression changes demonstrated profibrotic pathway activation. EV inhalation altered cardiovascular function, with decreased heart rate ( P < 0.01), and elevated blood pressure ( P = 0.016). These data demonstrate that chronic inhalation of EV may lead to increased inflammation, organ damage, and cardiorenal and hepatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | | | - Mark Hepokoski
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Denzil Mathew
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Alex Moshensky
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Andrew Willeford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Prabhleen Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California.,Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Zach Yong
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Jasmine H Lee
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Kevin Vega
- Department of Pathology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Ashley Du
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - John Shin
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Christian Javier
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Jiang Tian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Ellen C Breen
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
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Kabel AM, Atef A, Estfanous RS. Ameliorative potential of sitagliptin and/or resveratrol on experimentally-induced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:667-674. [PMID: 29101811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sitagliptin with or without resveratrol on carcinogen-induced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups as follows: control; clear cell renal cell carcinoma group; clear cell renal cell carcinoma+sitagliptin group; clear cell renal cell carcinoma+resveratrol group; clear cell renal cell carcinoma+carboxymethyl cellulose group and clear cell renal cell carcinoma+sitagliptin+resveratrol group. Blood urea, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urinary N-acetyl beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were determined. Renal tissue antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) were determined. Parts of the kidneys were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination for nuclear factor kappa B (p65). Sitagliptin and/or resveratrol induced significant improvement of the renal functions with significant increase in tissue antioxidant defenses and Nrf2/HO-1 content associated with significant decrease in tissue LDH, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6 and STAT3 and alleviated the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes compared to the untreated clear cell renal cell carcinoma group. These effects were significant in sitagliptin/resveratrol combination group compared to the use of each of these drugs alone. In conclusion, sitagliptin/resveratrol combination might represent a beneficial therapeutic modality for amelioration of experimentally-induced clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aliaa Atef
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Remon S Estfanous
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Al Suleimani YM, Abdelrahman AM, Karaca T, Manoj P, Ashique M, Nemmar A, Ali BH. The effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1102-1108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Renal outcomes with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 44:101-111. [PMID: 29146035 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are increasingly being used in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of DPP-4is on renal outcomes by analyzing the experimental preclinical data, the effects of DPP-4is on urinary albumin-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) from observational studies and clinical trials, and renal events (including kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy) in recent large prospective cardiovascular outcome trials. Renal protection has been demonstrated in various animal models that have implicated different underlying mechanisms independent of glucose control, whereas prevention of new onset microalbuminuria and/or progression of albuminuria has been reported in some clinical studies, but with no significant effects on eGFR in most of them. The long-term clinical effects of DPP-4is on renal outcomes and the development of end-stage renal disease remain largely unknown and, thus, demand further investigations in prospective trials and long-term observational studies. In conclusion, despite promising results in animal models, data on surrogate biological markers of renal function and clinical renal outcomes remain rather scanty in patients with T2D, and mostly demonstrate the safety rather than true efficacy of DPP-4is.
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38
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Yin W, Xu S, Wang Z, Liu H, Peng L, Fang Q, Deng T, Zhang W, Lou J. Recombinant human GLP-1(rhGLP-1) alleviating renal tubulointestitial injury in diabetic STZ-induced rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:793-800. [PMID: 29137984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1-based treatment improves glycemia through stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion. Recently, more and more findings showed that GLP-1 could also protect kidney from diabetic nephropathy. Most of these studies focused on glomeruli, but the effect of GLP-1 on tubulointerstitial and tubule is not clear yet. In this study, we examined the renoprotective effect of recombinant human GLP-1 (rhGLP-1), and investigated the influence of GLP-1 on inflammation and tubulointerstitial injury using diabetic nephropathy rats model of STZ-induced. The results showed that rhGLP-1 reduced urinary albumin without influencing the body weight and food intake. rhGLP-1 could increased the serum C-peptide slightly but not lower fasting blood glucose significantly. In diabetic nephropathy rats, beside glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was very serious. These lesions could be alleviated by rhGLP-1. rhGLP-1 decreased the expression of profibrotic factors collagen I, α-SMA, fibronectin, and inflammation factors MCP-1 and TNFα in tubular tissue and human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells). Furthermore, rhGLP-1 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB, MAPK in both diabetic tubular tissue and HK-2 cells. The inhibition of the expression of TNFα, MCP-1, collagen I and α-SMA in HK-2 cells by GLP-1 could be mimicked by blocking NF-κB or MAPK. These results indicate that rhGLP-1 exhibit renoprotective effect by alleviation of tubulointerstitial injury via inhibiting phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB. Therefore, rhGLP-1 may be a potential drug for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Yin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jinning Lou
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Krochmal M, Kontostathi G, Magalhães P, Makridakis M, Klein J, Husi H, Leierer J, Mayer G, Bascands JL, Denis C, Zoidakis J, Zürbig P, Delles C, Schanstra JP, Mischak H, Vlahou A. Urinary peptidomics analysis reveals proteases involved in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15160. [PMID: 29123184 PMCID: PMC5680307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of nephropathy in diabetic patients are not fully elucidated. Deregulation of proteolytic systems is a known path leading to disease manifestation, therefore we hypothesized that proteases aberrantly expressed in diabetic nephropathy (DN) may be involved in the generation of DN-associated peptides in urine. We compared urinary peptide profiles of DN patients (macroalbuminuric, n = 121) to diabetic patients with no evidence of DN (normoalbuminuric, n = 118). 302 sequenced, differentially expressed peptides (adjusted p-value < 0.05) were analysed with the Proteasix tool predicting proteases potentially involved in their generation. Activity change was estimated based on the change in abundance of the investigated peptides. Predictions were correlated with transcriptomics (Nephroseq) and relevant protein expression data from the literature. This analysis yielded seventeen proteases, including multiple forms of MMPs, cathepsin D and K, kallikrein 4 and proprotein convertases. The activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, predicted to be decreased in DN, was investigated using zymography in a DN mouse model confirming the predictions. Collectively, this proof-of-concept study links urine peptidomics to molecular changes at the tissue level, building hypotheses for further investigation in DN and providing a workflow with potential applications to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Magalhães
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Julie Klein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Holger Husi
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1188 - Université de La, Réunion, France
| | - Colette Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Jackson EK, Zhang Y, Gillespie DD, Zhu X, Cheng D, Jackson TC. SDF-1α (Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α) Induces Cardiac Fibroblasts, Renal Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells, and Glomerular Mesangial Cells to Proliferate, Cause Hypertrophy, and Produce Collagen. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007253. [PMID: 29114002 PMCID: PMC5721794 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (PGVSMCs), and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) proliferate, cause hypertrophy, and produce collagen; in this way, activated CFs contribute to cardiac fibrosis, and activated PGVSMCs and GMCs promote renal fibrosis. In heart and kidney diseases, SDF-1α (stromal cell-derived factor 1α; endogenous CXCR4 [C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4] receptor agonist) levels are often elevated; therefore, it is important to know whether and how the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis activates CFs, PGVSMCs, or GMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we investigated whether SDF-1α activates CFs, PGVSMCs, and GMCs to proliferate, hypertrophy, or produce collagen. DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inactivates SDF-1α and previous experiments show that growth-promoting peptides have greater effects in cells from genetically-hypertensive animals. Therefore, we performed experiments in the absence and presence of sitagliptin (DPP4 inhibitor) and in cells from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Our studies show (1) that spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rat CFs, PGVSMCs, and GMCs express CXCR4 receptors and DPP4 activity; (2) that chronic treatment with physiologically relevant concentrations of SDF-1α causes concentration-dependent increases in the proliferation (cell number) and hypertrophy (3H-leucine incorporation) of and collagen production (3H-proline incorporation) by CFs, PGVSMCs, and GMCs; (3) that sitagliptin augments these effects of SDF-1α; (4) that interactions between SDF-1α and sitagliptin are greater in spontaneously hypertensive rat cells; (5) that CXCR4 antagonism (AMD3100) blocks all effects of SDF-1α; and (6) that SDF-1α/CXCR4 signal transduction likely involves the RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1)/Gβγ/PLC (phospholipase C)/PKC (protein kinase C) signaling complex. CONCLUSIONS The SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis drives proliferation and hypertrophy of and collagen production by CFs, PGVSMCs, and GMCs, particularly in cells from genetically hypertensive animals and when DPP4 is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Delbert D Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Travis C Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Hong SK, Choo EH, Ihm SH, Chang K, Seung KB. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor attenuates obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-βl and Smad2/3 pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity rat model. Metabolism 2017; 76:42-55. [PMID: 28987239 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis may lead to diastolic dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. Activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-βl and its downstream Smad2/3 pathways may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis, and the antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) might affect these pathways. We investigated whether DPP4i reduces myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways in the myocardium of a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed either a normal fat diet (chow) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then the HFD-fed SHRs were randomized to either the DPP4i (MK-0626) or control (distilled water) groups for 12weeks. At 20weeks old, all the rats underwent hemodynamic and metabolic studies and Doppler echocardiography. Compared with the normal fat diet (chow)-fed SHRs, the HFD-fed SHRs developed a more intense degree of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and showed a constellation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, and exacerbated myocardial fibrosis, as well as activation of the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways. DPP4i significantly improved the metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. The echocardiogram showed that DPP4i improved the LV diastolic dysfunction (early to late ventricular filling velocity [E/A] ratio, 1.49±0.21 vs. 1.77±0.09, p<0.05). Furthermore, DPP4i significantly reduced myocardial fibrosis and collagen production by the myocardium and suppressed TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in the heart. In addition, DPP4i decreased TGF-β1-induced collagen production and TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in rat cardiac fibroblasts. In conclusion, DPP4 inhibition attenuated myocardial fibrosis and improved LV diastolic dysfunction in a DIO rat model by modulating the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Choo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract - the largest endocrine network in human physiology - orchestrates signals from the external environment to maintain neural and hormonal control of homeostasis. Advances in understanding entero-endocrine cell biology in health and disease have important translational relevance. The gut-derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted upon meal ingestion and controls glucose metabolism by modulating pancreatic islet cell function, food intake and gastrointestinal motility, amongst other effects. The observation that the insulinotropic actions of GLP-1 are reduced in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to the development of incretin-based therapies - GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors - for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in these patients. Considerable interest exists in identifying effects of these drugs beyond glucose-lowering, possibly resulting in improved macrovascular and microvascular outcomes, including in diabetic kidney disease. As GLP-1 has been implicated as a mediator in the putative gut-renal axis (a rapid-acting feed-forward loop that regulates postprandial fluid and electrolyte homeostasis), direct actions on the kidney have been proposed. Here, we review the role of GLP-1 and the actions of associated therapies on glucose metabolism, the gut-renal axis, classical renal risk factors, and renal end points in randomized controlled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM.
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Mega C, Teixeira-de-Lemos E, Fernandes R, Reis F. Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5164292. [PMID: 29098166 PMCID: PMC5643039 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5164292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is now the single commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. It is also acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since sitagliptin was approved, many studies have been carried out revealing its ability to not only improve metabolic control but also ameliorate dysfunction in various diabetes-targeted organs, especially the kidney, due to putative underlying cytoprotective properties, namely, its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Despite overall recommendations, many patients spend a long time well outside the recommended glycaemic range and, therefore, have an increased risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications. Currently, it is becoming clearer that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management must envision not only the improvement in glycaemic control but also, and particularly, the prevention of pancreatic deterioration and the evolution of complications, such as DN. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge in the field of renoprotective actions of sitagliptin, namely, improvement in diabetic dysmetabolism, hemodynamic factors, renal function, diabetic kidney lesions, and cytoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mega
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Kalambay J, Ghazanfar H, Martes Pena KA, Munshi RA, Zhang G, Patel JY. Pathogenesis of Drug Induced Non-Allergic Angioedema: A Review of Unusual Etiologies. Cureus 2017; 9:e1598. [PMID: 29067222 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioedema is the swelling of mucosal and sub-mucosal tissue. Typically, it manifests as the swelling of the face, lips, and tongue. Angioedema can be severe and life threatening when it involves the respiratory tract. Drug induced allergic angioedema and drug induced non-allergic angioedema differ in their mediator, their clinical presentations, and their management. In drug induced non-allergic angioedema, symptoms are resistant to antihistamine and corticosteroid treatment. The aim of the analysis was to identify which medications are associated with drug-induced non-allergic angioedema and to understand the mechanism of action via which of these medication cause angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruhul A Munshi
- Internal Medicine, Chittagong Medical College & Hospital
| | - George Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Jay Y Patel
- Internal Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Anand,Gujarat
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Kabel AM, Abd Elmaaboud MA, Atef A, Baali MH. RETRACTED: Ameliorative potential of linagliptin and/or calcipotriol on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis: In vivo and in vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:216-226. [PMID: 28192751 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted due to the authors’ plagiarism of text and images from the work of Eman Said Abd-Elkhalek, Hatem Abdel-Rahman Salem, Ghada Mohamed SuddeK, Marwa Ahmed Zaghloul and Ramy Ahmed Abdel-Salam, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Aliaa Atef
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Baali
- Senior Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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48
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Chen GT, Yang M, Chen BB, Song Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside exerted protective effects on diabetic nephropathy in mice with hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin. Food Funct 2016; 7:4628-4636. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that the inhibition of the RAS with TSG effectively prevented renal injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tong Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226001
- P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226001
- P.R. China
| | - Bing-Bing Chen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200093
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226001
- P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226001
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226001
- P.R. China
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