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Sa-Ngamuang C, Lawpoolsri S, Su Yin M, Barkowsky T, Cui L, Prachumsri J, Haddawy P. Assessment of malaria risk in Southeast Asia: a systematic review. Malar J 2023; 22:339. [PMID: 37940923 PMCID: PMC10631000 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several countries in Southeast Asia are nearing malaria elimination, yet eradication remains elusive. This is largely due to the challenge of focusing elimination efforts, an area where risk prediction can play an essential supporting role. Despite its importance, there is no standard numerical method to quantify the risk of malaria infection. Thus, there is a need for a consolidated view of existing definitions of risk and factors considered in assessing risk to analyse the merits of risk prediction models. This systematic review examines studies of the risk of malaria in Southeast Asia with regard to their suitability in addressing the challenges of malaria elimination in low transmission areas. METHODS A search of four electronic databases over 2010-2020 retrieved 1297 articles, of which 25 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In each study, examined factors included the definition of the risk and indicators of malaria transmission used, the environmental and climatic factors associated with the risk, the statistical models used, the spatial and temporal granularity, and how the relationship between environment, climate, and risk is quantified. RESULTS This review found variation in the definition of risk used, as well as the environmental and climatic factors in the reviewed articles. GLM was widely adopted as the analysis technique relating environmental and climatic factors to malaria risk. Most of the studies were carried out in either a cross-sectional design or case-control studies, and most utilized the odds ratio to report the relationship between exposure to risk and malaria prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Adopting a standardized definition of malaria risk would help in comparing and sharing results, as would a clear description of the definition and method of collection of the environmental and climatic variables used. Further issues that need to be more fully addressed include detection of asymptomatic cases and considerations of human mobility. Many of the findings of this study are applicable to other low-transmission settings and could serve as a guideline for further studies of malaria in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitawat Sa-Ngamuang
- Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Myat Su Yin
- Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thomas Barkowsky
- Bremen Spatial Cognition Center (BSCC), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Liwang Cui
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Jetsumon Prachumsri
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter Haddawy
- Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
- Bremen Spatial Cognition Center (BSCC), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Hasyim H, Dewi WC, Lestari RAF, Flora R, Novrikasari N, Liberty IA, Marini H, Elagali A, Herlinda S, Maharani FE. Risk factors of malaria transmission in mining workers in Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14755. [PMID: 37679466 PMCID: PMC10484942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Eliminating malaria by 2030 is stated as goal three in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, malaria still remains a significant public health problem. This study aims to identify the factors determining malaria transmission in artisanal or small-scale miner (ASM) communities in three villages: Tanjung Agung, Tanjung Lalang, and Penyandingan, located in the Tanjung Enim District, Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study involving 92 participants from the study area. They used a logistic regression model to investigate the risk factors related to malaria occurrence. The multivariable analysis revealed that age (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) = 7.989 with 95% CI 1.724-37.002) and mosquito breeding (APR = 7.685 with 95% CI 1.502-39.309) were risk factors for malaria. On the other hand, higher education (APR = 0.104 with 95% CI 0.027-0.403), the use of mosquito repellent (APR = 0.138 with 95% CI 0.035-0.549), and the condition of house walls (APR = 0.145 with 95% CI 0.0414-0.511) were identified as protective factors. The current study highlights age and mosquito breeding sites as risk factors for malaria. Additionally, higher education, insect repellent use, and the condition of house walls are protective factors against malaria. Therefore, reducing risk factors and increasing protective measures through effective communication, information, and education are highly recommended to eliminate malaria in mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Hasyim
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - Wita Citra Dewi
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | | | - Rostika Flora
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | | | - Iche Andriyani Liberty
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Heni Marini
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Ahmed Elagali
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Minderoo Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - Siti Herlinda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
- Research Center for Sub-Optimal Lands (PUR-PLSO), Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Fadhilah Eka Maharani
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Biology Department, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
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Hoffman-Hall A, Puett R, Silva JA, Chen D, Bredder A, Shevade V, Han ZY, Han KT, Aung PP, Plowe CV, Nyunt MM, Loboda TV. Comparison of deforestation and forest land use factors for malaria elimination in Myanmar. IJID REGIONS 2023; 8:75-83. [PMID: 37533552 PMCID: PMC10393544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Within the remote region of Ann Township in Myanmar's Rakhine State, malaria prevalence has remained steady at ∼10% of the population from 2016-2019. Previous studies have linked areas of higher malaria prevalence in the region to heavily forested areas, however, little is known about how people live, work, and move through these areas. This work aims to disentangle landscape from land use in regard to malaria exposure. Methods We investigated the roles of forest cover, forest loss, and land use activities with malaria prevalence through the combined use of land use surveys, malaria surveillance, and satellite earth observations. Results Our results confirm previous research that linked areas of high forest cover with high malaria prevalence. However, areas experiencing high levels of deforestation were not associated with malaria prevalence. The land use factors that contribute most significantly to increased malaria risk remained those which put people in direct contact with forests, including conducting forest chores, having an outdoor job, and having a primary occupation in the logging and/or plantation industry. Conclusion Malaria prevention methods in Myanmar should focus on anyone who lives near forests or engages in land use activities that bring them within proximity of forested landscapes, whether through occupation or chores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Puett
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, USA
| | - Julie A. Silva
- University at Buffalo, Department of Geography, Buffalo, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, USA
| | - Allison Bredder
- University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, USA
| | - Varada Shevade
- University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, USA
| | - Zay Yar Han
- Duke University, Global Health Institute, Durham, USA
| | - Kay Thwe Han
- Department of Medical Research, Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Poe Poe Aung
- Malaria Consortium, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Tatiana V. Loboda
- University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, USA
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Knudson-Ospina A, Barreto-Zorza YM, Olaya-Másmela LA, Castillo CF, Mosquera LY, Apráez-Ippolito G, Piamba AH, Sánchez R. [Obstacles to malaria elimination in Guapi-Cauca, Colombia]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:626-633. [PMID: 36753081 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n6.86215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVE To explain the obstacles for malaria elimination in Guapi (Cauca, Colombia), considering the community perception. METHOD A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was carried out in Guapi, from October to November 2016, through the content analysis of eight female volunteer's focus groups. Inductive and interpretive analyses were also performed. RESULTS Based on the volunteers' responses, three categories were built, from which five subcategories related to obstacles (issue) for malaria elimination emerged; these included municipality social determinants such as environmental, cultural and health care barriers. All of them require of comprehensive interventions by different state agencies and inclusion of the specific characteristics of the local community. CONCLUSION We found that lack of planning and municipal poor infrastructure limits the elimination of malaria and other communicable diseases alike. Economic activities such as mining, self-medication practices, community poor adherence to prevention measures, lack of professional and microscopists hiring and the difficulties for accessing to health services are the main obstacles for malaria elimination in this municipality of the Colombian Pacific Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Knudson-Ospina
- AK: MD. M. Sc. Infecciones y Salud en el trópico. Ph. D. Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Yenny M Barreto-Zorza
- YB: Enfermera. M. Sc. Salud Pública. Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad del Rosario. Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Luz A Olaya-Másmela
- LO: Bióloga. M. Sc. Ciencias Biológicas. Programa de Medicina. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Libre de Cali. Cali, Colombia.
| | - Carlos F Castillo
- CC: Tecnólogo en producción animal. Secretaría de Salud del Cauca. Popayán, Colombia
| | | | - Giovanni Apráez-Ippolito
- GA: MD. M. Sc. Salud Pública. Ph. D. Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. Secretaría Departamental de Salud del Cauca. Popayán, Colombia.
| | - Anderson Hair Piamba
- AP: Ing. Ambiental. M. Sc. Salud Pública. Secretaría de Salud del Cauca. Popayán, Colombia.
| | - Ricardo Sánchez
- RS: MD. Esp. Psiquiatría. M. Sc. Epidemiología clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatría. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.
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Awasthi KR, Jancey J, Clements ACA, Sah RK, Koirala MP, Chalise B, Leavy JE. Traditional Beliefs, Practices, and Migration: A Risk to Malaria Transmission in Rural Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16872. [PMID: 36554752 PMCID: PMC9779137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore sociocultural factors influencing the risk of malaria and practices and beliefs towards malaria prevention, transmission and treatment in a remote village in Khatyad Rural Municipality (KRM) of Nepal. A sequential exploratory mixed methods approach was used. Qualitative data were collected through 25 one-on-one, in-depth interviews followed by a face-to-face household survey (n = 218) among people from a village in KRM believed to have a high risk of malaria. Traditional practices such as Chhaupadi requiring the seclusion of women during menstruation and post-partum, transhumance, and reliance on traditional healers for the management of malaria were common practices in the village. The household survey found 98.1% of women faced menstrual exile either inside the house or in a separate hut, with 64.2% not having access to Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). Hardships and economic constraints compelled villagers to migrate seasonally for work to malaria-endemic areas in India, thereby exposing themselves to the risk of malaria. Persistent traditional beliefs and seasonal migration could threaten the elimination goals set by the national malaria program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raj Awasthi
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Archie C. A. Clements
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Rohit Kumar Sah
- National Malaria Program, Karnali Province Field Office, Nepalgunj 21900, Nepal
| | | | - Binaya Chalise
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higasi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Justine E. Leavy
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Tairou F, Diallo A, Sy O, Kone A, Manga IA, Sylla K, Lelo S, Fall CB, Sow D, Ndiaye M, Faye B, Tine RCK. Malaria-associated risk factors among adolescents living in areas with persistent transmission in Senegal: a case-control study. Malar J 2022; 21:193. [PMID: 35725475 PMCID: PMC9208171 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Senegal, malaria morbidity has sharply decreased over these past years. However, malaria epidemiology remains heterogeneous with persistent transmission in the southeastern part of the country and many cases among older children and adolescents. Little is known about factors associated with clinical malaria among this group. A better understanding of malaria transmission among this newly emerging vulnerable group will guide future interventions targeting this population group. This study aimed to identify factors associated with clinical malaria among adolescents in Senegal. METHODS A case-control study was conducted from November to December 2020 in four health posts located in the Saraya district. Cases were defined as adolescents (10-19 years) with an uncomplicated malaria episode with fever (temperature > 37.5°) or a history of fever and positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Controls were from the same age group, living in the neighbourhood of the case, presenting a negative RDT. A standardized, pre-tested questionnaire was administered to each study participant followed by a home visit to assess the participant's living conditions. Factors associated with clinical malaria were assessed using stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In total, 492 individuals were recruited (246 cases and 246 controls). In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with clinical malaria included non-use of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.58-4.45), non-use of other preventive measures (aOR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.53-4.11) and indoor sleeping (aOR = 3.22; 95% CI 1.66-6.23). Protective factors included 15-19 years of age (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.23-0.62), absence of stagnant water around the house (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.16-0.44), having a female as head of household (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.25-0.90), occupation such as apprentice (OR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.11-0.52). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that environmental factors and non-use of malaria preventive measures are the main determinants of malaria transmission among adolescents living in areas with persistent malaria transmission in Senegal. Strategies aimed at improving disease awareness and access to healthcare interventions, such as LLINs, are needed to improve malaria control and prevention among these vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fassiatou Tairou
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Ousmane Sy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aminatou Kone
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Isaac Akhenaton Manga
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khadim Sylla
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Souleye Lelo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Binetou Fall
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Doudou Sow
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Magatte Ndiaye
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Faye
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Roger C K Tine
- Department of Medical Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Internal Migration as a Social Determinant of Occupational Health and WASH Access in Myanmar. Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:108. [PMID: 34824989 PMCID: PMC8588907 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Migration is at an all-time high worldwide, and despite increased focus on international migrants, there is little evidence about internal migrants’ exposures to socioeconomic, occupational, and environmental risk factors in low-and middle-income countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine differences in occupational health and access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) between internal migrants and non-migrants. Methods: A face-to-face survey (n = 937) was conducted in Mandalay, Myanmar. Bivariate and multivariate analysis included traditional social determinants such as education, income, occupation, gender, age, and location in addition to internal migration status. Findings: The majority of internal migrants (23% of the total sample) were labor migrants (67.3%), and while common social determinants (e.g., household income, education, and gender) were not statistically different between migrants and non-migrants, these groups reported different occupational profiles (p < 0.001). Migrants had higher odds of being street vendors (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.33–3.85; p = 0.003) and were less likely to work labor jobs such as in factories or construction (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.19–1.00; p = 0.051) when controlling for age, gender, education, and location. Internal migrants had significantly greater probabilities of experiencing some injuries and illness symptoms, such as cuts, vomiting, coughing, heatstroke, and diarrhea at work (p < 0.001). Compared to non-migrants, migrants’ households were approximately three times more likely (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI 2.17–5.62; p < 0.001) to have an unimproved source of drinking water and twice as likely (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.10–3.58; p < 0.05) to have unimproved sanitation facilities in their homes. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of considering internal migration as an aspect of social determinants analyses, and the need for targeting appropriate WASH interventions to address inequities.
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Nyunt MH, Aye KM, Naing ST, Mon AS, Htwe MM, Win SM, Thwe WM, Zaw NN, Kyaw MP, Thi A. Residual malaria among migrant workers in Myanmar: why still persistent and how to eliminate it? BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1146. [PMID: 34758727 PMCID: PMC8579646 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual malaria is probably an important source for the re-emergence of malaria infection in the elimination era. Assessment to identify the factors influencing residual malaria in high-risk groups is needed to develop evidence-based decisions by stakeholders and policymakers. METHODS This study was conducted to explore the factors influencing the residual malaria infection among migrant workers in two sentinel sites (endemic vs. pre-elimination areas) in Myanmar using the mixed-model method. RESULTS A total of 102 migrant respondents (65 in Bamauk and 37 in Shwegyin) were included for the quantitative assessment using pretested questionnaires during household visits. Although 87.3% of them had insecticidal bed nets (ITNs/LLINs), only 68.3% of the migrants in Bamauk and 57.9% in Shwegyin used it regularly. The use of any bed net was high (79.9% in Bamauk vs. 91.0% in Shwegyin). The mean LLINs in their families were 1.64 (95%CI: 1.48-1.81) in Bamauk and 2.89 (95%CI: 2.67-3.11) in Shwegyin. Most of them received no health information for malaria prevention within the last year and their knowledge about malaria was low. Their working nature was a challenge for control measures against malaria in migrants. CONCLUSION The strategy for distributing LLINs and health promotion activities for mobile/migrant populations should be reviewed, and an appropriate action plan should be developed for the specific migrant group. Moreover, health promotion activities for behavior change communication should be strengthened in the migrant population in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Htut Nyunt
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
| | - Khin Myo Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Shine Thura Naing
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Aye Su Mon
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Mi Mi Htwe
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Win
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Wai Myat Thwe
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Ni Ni Zaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Myat Phone Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Aung Thi
- Department of Public Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
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Ueno TMRL, Lima LNGC, Sardinha DM, Rodrigues YC, de Souza HUS, Teixeira PR, Guimarães RJDPSE, Lima KVB, Ventura AMRDS. Socio-Epidemiological Features and Spatial Distribution of Malaria in an Area under Mining Activity in the Brazilian Amazon Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910384. [PMID: 34639684 PMCID: PMC8507758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an acute febrile infectious disease that represents an important public health problem in the Brazilian amazon region. The present study described the socio-epidemiological and spatial characteristics of malaria in a population from the Tapajós mining areas, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional study, including individuals from Itaituba city, an area under mining activity influence, was conducted. The geographic coordinates were obtained in the field using the Global Positioning System (GPS) Garmin 78csx; for spatial analysis, we used the Kernel Density Estimator with the application of scanning statistics with the SaTScan software. Of the 908 individuals, 311 were positive for malaria. Most of the malaria cases were associated with male individuals, gold miners and with a monthly income of 4-6 salaries. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that gold miners were nearly five times more likely to acquire malaria. In addition, a context of risk for sexually transmitted infections, substance abuse and poor support conditions was observed, worsening the healthcare scenario in this endemic area for malaria. The spatial distribution of malaria cases is irregular in the municipality with hotspot areas located in the Amana Flona that coincide with areas of illegal mining and high human mobility. Finally, the presented socio-epidemiological and spatial distribution data may aid in the development of more effective control measures for malaria in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes Ueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia (PPGBPA), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-662, Brazil; (L.N.G.C.L.); (Y.C.R.); (K.V.B.L.); (A.M.R.d.S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-98252-7226
| | - Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia (PPGBPA), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-662, Brazil; (L.N.G.C.L.); (Y.C.R.); (K.V.B.L.); (A.M.R.d.S.V.)
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia (SABMI), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde (PPGEVS), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
| | - Daniele Melo Sardinha
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia (SABMI), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde (PPGEVS), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
| | - Yan Corrêa Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia (PPGBPA), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-662, Brazil; (L.N.G.C.L.); (Y.C.R.); (K.V.B.L.); (A.M.R.d.S.V.)
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia (SABMI), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
| | - Herberto Ueno Seelig de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais (PPGCF), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém 66077-830, Brazil;
| | - Paula Ribeiro Teixeira
- Discente do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do, Pará (IFPA), Itaituba 68183-300, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde (PPGEVS), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Geoprocessamento (LABGEO), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia (PPGBPA), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-662, Brazil; (L.N.G.C.L.); (Y.C.R.); (K.V.B.L.); (A.M.R.d.S.V.)
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia (SABMI), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
| | - Ana Maria Revorêdo da Silva Ventura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia (PPGBPA), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém 66087-662, Brazil; (L.N.G.C.L.); (Y.C.R.); (K.V.B.L.); (A.M.R.d.S.V.)
- Seção de Parasitologia (SAPAR), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
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Naing C, Whittaker MA, Tanner M. Multisectoral Approach to Support Use of Insecticide-Treated Net for Malaria Prevention Among Mobile and Migrant Populations in Myanmar: A Systematic Review. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:S717-S725. [PMID: 33119095 PMCID: PMC7594345 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myanmar is a premalaria elimination country with artemisinin-resistant malaria. A strategy for transmission control is focused on vulnerable groups such as mobile and migrant populations (MMPs), and includes improving access to insecticide-treated bed nets in the Myanmar artemisinin resistance containment (MARC) zones using multisectoral approaches (MSA). METHODS This narrative systematic review addressed MSAs targeted to MMPs in Myanmar for malaria prevention. We searched relevant studies in electronic databases and present the narrative findings in 4 domains: stakeholder groups, net coverage and utilization, social determinates, and facilitators/barriers. RESULTS Nine studies were included. The review identified stakeholders involved in intersectoral collaboration. Net ownership was higher than utilization rates in the MARC zones and rates remained below the WHO recommended target of 100%. There was inadequate description of roles and responsibilities for implementation and on channels of communication within the partnerships and with the Government. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that interventions to distribute treated bed nets were supported by the multiple stakeholders. Due to the design of the primary studies, analysis of the added value of intersectoral collaboration was limited. More attention must be paid to designing studies to document and evaluate the contributions and outcomes of intersectoral collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maxine A Whittaker
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Hoffman‐Hall A, Puett R, Silva JA, Chen D, Baer A, Han KT, Han ZY, Thi A, Htay T, Thein ZW, Aung PP, Plowe CV, Nyunt MM, Loboda TV. Malaria Exposure in Ann Township, Myanmar, as a Function of Land Cover and Land Use: Combining Satellite Earth Observations and Field Surveys. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2020GH000299. [PMID: 33364532 PMCID: PMC7752622 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress toward malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion, challenges remain owing to the emergence of drug resistance and the persistence of focal transmission reservoirs. Malaria transmission foci in Myanmar are heterogeneous and complex, and many remaining infections are clinically silent, rendering them invisible to routine monitoring. The goal of this research is to define criteria for easy-to-implement methodologies, not reliant on routine monitoring, that can increase the efficiency of targeted malaria elimination strategies. Studies have shown relationships between malaria risk and land cover and land use (LCLU), which can be mapped using remote sensing methodologies. Here we aim to explain malaria risk as a function of LCLU for five rural villages in Myanmar's Rakhine State. Malaria prevalence and incidence data were analyzed through logistic regression with a land use survey of ~1,000 participants and a 30-m land cover map. Malaria prevalence per village ranged from 5% to 20% with the overwhelming majority of cases being subclinical. Villages with high forest cover were associated with increased risk of malaria, even for villagers who did not report visits to forests. Villagers living near croplands experienced decreased malaria risk unless they were directly engaged in farm work. Finally, land cover change (specifically, natural forest loss) appeared to be a substantial contributor to malaria risk in the region, although this was not confirmed through sensitivity analyses. Overall, this study demonstrates that remotely sensed data contextualized with field survey data can be used to inform critical targeting strategies in support of malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Puett
- School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental HealthUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Julie A. Silva
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Allison Baer
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Kay Thwe Han
- Department of Medical ResearchMyanmar Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar
| | - Zay Yar Han
- Department of Medical ResearchMyanmar Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar
| | - Aung Thi
- National Malaria Control ProgrammeMyanmar Ministry of Health and SportsNaypyitawMyanmar
| | - Thura Htay
- Duke Global Health Institute Myanmar ProgramYangonMyanmar
| | - Zaw Win Thein
- Duke Global Health Institute Myanmar ProgramYangonMyanmar
| | - Poe Poe Aung
- Duke Global Health Institute Myanmar ProgramYangonMyanmar
| | | | | | - Tatiana V. Loboda
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
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12
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Myzabella N, Fritschi L, Merdith N, El-Zaemey S, Chih H, Reid A. Occupational Health and Safety in the Palm Oil Industry: A Systematic Review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:159-173. [PMID: 31586381 PMCID: PMC6820316 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The palm oil industry is the largest contributor to global production of oils and fats. Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers of palm oil. More than a million workers are employed in this industry, yet there is a lack of information on their occupational health and safety. OBJECTIVE To identify and summarize occupational hazards among oil palm plantation workers. METHODS A search was carried out in June 2018 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid. Relevant publications were identified by a systematic search of four databases and relevant journals. Publications were included if they examined occupational hazards in oil palm plantation workers. RESULTS 941 publications were identified; of these, 25 studies were found eligible to be included in the final review. Of the 25 studies examined, 19 were conducted in Malaysia, 2 in Costa Rica, and one each in Ghana, Indonesia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, and Cameroon. Oil palm plantation workers were found to be at risk of musculoskeletal conditions, injuries, psychosocial disorders, and infectious diseases such as malaria and leptospirosis. In addition, they have potential exposure to paraquat and other pesticides. CONCLUSION In light of the potential of palm oil for use as a biofuel, this is an industry with strong growth potential. The workers are exposed to various occupational hazards. Further research and interventions are necessary to improve the working conditions of this already vast and growing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nick Merdith
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sonia El-Zaemey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - HuiJun Chih
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Alison Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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13
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Gómez-López N, Knudson-Ospina RA, López-Páez MC. Aproximación a la relación entre la malaria y la economía de la coca en Guaviare, Colombia, 1979-1989. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2019; 21:243-250. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v21n2.80044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Analizar el comportamiento de la malaria en relación con la economía de lacoca en la región del Guaviare, Colombia entre 1978 y 1989.Métodos Revisión documental retrospectiva, a través del análisis de archivos históricos, entrevistas y fuentes secundarias.Resultados Se identificaron dos periodos de crisis de la bonanza coquera o cocalera durante el tiempo de estudio, con fluctuaciones en el número de habitantes. Al analizar la relación entre las variaciones del precio de la cocaína y los casos de malaria, se encontró que hay un incremento de casos en épocas de crisis.Conclusiones El aumento de casos de malaria en la región posiblemente se deba a que las personas que estaban en las zonas rurales se desplazaron a las cabeceras urbanas, motivadas por la baja producción de la pasta de coca. Esto incrementó la concentración de población susceptible y, por tanto, el aumento de casos, o probablemente existió un aumento en el registro de la enfermedad.
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14
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Jones RT, Tusting LS, Smith HMP, Segbaya S, Macdonald MB, Bangs MJ, Logan JG. The impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission. Acta Trop 2018; 188:142-151. [PMID: 30165072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Industrial activities have produced profound changes in the natural environment, including the mass removal of trees, fragmentation of habitats, and creation of larval mosquito breeding sites, that have allowed the vectors of disease pathogens to thrive. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission. Our study shows that industrial activities may be coupled with significant changes to human demographics that can potentially increase contact between pathogens, vectors and hosts, and produce a shift of parasites and susceptible populations between low and high disease endemic areas. Indeed, where vector-borne diseases and industrial activities intersect, large numbers of potentially immunologically naïve people may be exposed to infection and lack the knowledge and means to protect themselves from infection. Such areas are typically associated with inadequate access to quality health care, thus allowing industrial development and production sites to become important foci of transmission. The altered local vector ecologies, and the changes in disease dynamics that changes affect, create challenges for under-resourced health care and vector-control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Jones
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucy S Tusting
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh M P Smith
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael J Bangs
- International SOS, Ltd., Papua Province, Indonesia; International SOS, Ltd., Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - James G Logan
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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15
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Naing C, Whittaker MA, Tanner M. Inter-sectoral approaches for the prevention and control of malaria among the mobile and migrant populations: a scoping review. Malar J 2018; 17:430. [PMID: 30445959 PMCID: PMC6240188 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria cases among mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) represent a large and important reservoir for transmission, if undetected or untreated. The objectives of this review were to identify which intersectoral actions have been taken and how they are applied to interventions targeted at the MMPs and also to assess the effect of interventions targeted to these special groups of population. Results A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Numerous stakeholders were identified as involved in the intersectoral actions to defeat malaria amongst MMPs. Almost all studies discussed the involvement of Ministry of Health/Public Health (MOH/MOPH). The most frequently assessed intervention among the studies that were included was the coverage and utilization of insecticide-treated nets as personal protective measures (40.5%), followed by the intervention of early diagnoses and treatment of malaria (33.3%), the surveillance and response activities (13.9%) and the behaviour change communication (8.3%). There is a dearth of information on how these stakeholders shared roles and responsibilities for implementation, and about the channels of communication between-and-within the partners and with the MOH/MOPH. Despite limited details in the studies, the intermediate outcomes showed some evidence that the intersectoral collaborations contributed to improvement in knowledge about malaria, initiation and promotion of bed nets utilization, increased access to diagnosis and treatment in a surveillance context and contributed towards a reduction in malaria transmission. Overall, a high proportion of the targeted MMPs was equipped with correct knowledge about malaria transmission (70%, 95% CI 57–83%). Interventions targeting the use of bed nets utilization were two times more likely to reduce malaria incidence amongst the targeted MMPs (summary OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.43–2.6) than the non-users. The various intersectoral actions were often more vertically organized and not fully integrated in a systemic way within a given country or sub-national administrative setting. Conclusion Findings suggest that interventions supported by the multiple stakeholders had a significant impact on the reduction of malaria transmission amongst the targeted MMPs. Well-designed studies from different countries are recommended to robustly assess the role of intersectoral interventions targeted to MMPs and their impact on the reduction of transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2562-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Maxine A Whittaker
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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