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Zhang W, Blank A, Kremenetskaia I, Nitzsche A, Acker G, Vajkoczy P, Brandenburg S. CD13 expression affects glioma patient survival and influences key functions of human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:369. [PMID: 38519889 PMCID: PMC10960415 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD13 (APN) is an Alanyl-Aminopeptidase with diverse functions. The role of CD13 for gliomas is still unknown. In this study, data of glioma patients obtained by TCGA and CGGA databases were used to evaluate the survival rate and prognostic value of CD13 expression level. Protein expression of CD13 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of fresh patient tissues. Eight human glioblastoma cell lines were studied by RT-PCR, Western Blot, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry to define CD13 expression. Cell lines with different CD13 expression status were treated with a CD13 inhibitor, bestatin, and examined by MTT, scratch and colony formation assaysas well as by apoptosis assay and Western Blots. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that patients with high expression of CD13 had poor survival and prognosis. Additionally, CD13 protein expression was positively associated with clinical malignant characteristics. Investigated glioblastoma cell lines showed distinct expression levels and subcellular localization of CD13 with intracellular enrichment. Bestatin treatment reduced proliferation, migration and colony formation of glioma cells in a CD13-dependent manner while apoptosis was increased. In summary, CD13 has an impact on glioma patient survival and is important for the main function of specific glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Blank
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Kremenetskaia
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Nitzsche
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Güliz Acker
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susan Brandenburg
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Nguyen JN, Mohan EC, Pandya G, Ali U, Tan C, Kofler JK, Shapiro L, Marrelli SP, Chauhan A. CD13 facilitates immune cell migration and aggravates acute injury but promotes chronic post-stroke recovery. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:232. [PMID: 37817190 PMCID: PMC10566099 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute stroke leads to the activation of myeloid cells. These cells express adhesion molecules and transmigrate to the brain, thereby aggravating injury. Chronically after stroke, repair processes, including angiogenesis, are activated and enhance post-stroke recovery. Activated myeloid cells express CD13, which facilitates their migration into the site of injury. However, angiogenic blood vessels which play a role in recovery also express CD13. Overall, the specific contribution of CD13 to acute and chronic stroke outcomes is unknown. METHODS CD13 expression was estimated in both mice and humans after the ischemic stroke. Young (8-12 weeks) male wild-type and global CD13 knockout (KO) mice were used for this study. Mice underwent 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. For acute studies, the mice were euthanized at either 24- or 72 h post-stroke. For chronic studies, the Y-maze, Barnes maze, and the open field were performed on day 7 and day 28 post-stroke. Mice were euthanized at day 30 post-stroke and the brains were collected for assessment of inflammation, white matter injury, tissue loss, and angiogenesis. Flow cytometry was performed on days 3 and 7 post-stroke to quantify infiltrated monocytes and neutrophils and CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. RESULTS Brain CD13 expression and infiltrated CD13+ monocytes and neutrophils increased acutely after the stroke. The brain CD13+lectin+ blood vessels increased on day 15 after the stroke. Similarly, an increase in the percentage area CD13 was observed in human stroke patients at the subacute time after stroke. Deletion of CD13 resulted in reduced infarct volume and improved neurological recovery after acute stroke. However, CD13KO mice had significantly worse memory deficits, amplified gliosis, and white matter damage compared to wild-type animals at chronic time points. CD13-deficient mice had an increased percentage of CXCL12+cells but a reduced percentage of CXCR4+cells and decreased angiogenesis at day 30 post-stroke. CONCLUSIONS CD13 is involved in the trans-migration of monocytes and neutrophils after stroke, and acutely, led to decreased infarct size and improved behavioral outcomes. However, loss of CD13 led to reductions in post-stroke angiogenesis by reducing CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Nguyen
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric C Mohan
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gargee Pandya
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uzma Ali
- Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia K Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linda Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abbasi Sourki P, Pourfathollah AA, Kaviani S, Soufi Zomorrod M, Ajami M, Wollenberg B, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A. The profile of circulating extracellular vesicles depending on the age of the donor potentially drives the rejuvenation or senescence fate of hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112142. [PMID: 36921675 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood donor age has become a major concern due to the age-associated variations in the content and concentration of circulating extracellular nano-sized vesicles (EVs), including exosomes. These EVs mirror the state of their parental cells and transfer it to the recipient cells via biological messengers such as microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). Since the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is potentially affected by the miRs of plasma-derived EVs, a better understanding of the content of EVs is important for the safety and efficacy perspectives in blood transfusion medicine. Herein, we investigated whether the plasma-derived EVs of young (18-25 years) and elderly human donors (45-60 years) can deliver "youth" or "aging" signals into human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived HSCs in vitro. The results showed that EVs altered the growth functionality and differentiation of HSCs depending on the age of the donor from which they are derived. EVs of young donors could ameliorate the proliferation and self-renewal potential of HSCs whereas those of aged donors induced senescence-associated differentiation in the target cells, particularly toward the myeloid lineage. These findings were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and microarray profiling of genes related to stemness (e.g., SOX-1, Nanog) and differentiation (e.g., PU-1). The results displayed an up-regulation of miR-29 and miR-96 and a down-regulation of miR-146 in EVs derived from elderly donors. The higher expression of miR-29 and miR-96 contributed to the diminished expression of CDK-6 and CDKN1A (p21), promoting senescence fate via cell growth suppression, while the lower expression of miR-146 positively regulates TRAF-6 expression to accelerate biological aging. Our findings reveal that plasma-derived EVs from young donors can reverse the aging-associated changes in HSCs, while vice versa, the EVs from elderly donors rather promote the senescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Abbasi Sourki
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ajami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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4
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Tsou PS, Lu C, Gurrea-Rubio M, Muraoka S, Campbell PL, Wu Q, Model EN, Lind ME, Vichaikul S, Mattichak MN, Brodie WD, Hervoso JL, Ory S, Amarista CI, Pervez R, Junginger L, Ali M, Hodish G, O’Mara MM, Ruth JH, Robida AM, Alt AJ, Zhang C, Urquhart AG, Lawton JN, Chung KC, Maerz T, Saunders TL, Groppi VE, Fox DA, Amin MA. Soluble CD13 induces inflammatory arthritis by activating the bradykinin receptor B1. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:151827. [PMID: 35439173 PMCID: PMC9151693 DOI: 10.1172/jci151827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD13, an ectoenzyme on myeloid and stromal cells, also circulates as a shed, soluble protein (sCD13) with powerful chemoattractant, angiogenic, and arthritogenic properties, which require engagement of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Here we identify the GPCR that mediates sCD13 arthritogenic actions as the bradykinin receptor B1 (B1R). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting verified high expression of B1R in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), and demonstrated binding of sCD13 to B1R. Chemotaxis, and phosphorylation of Erk1/2, induced by sCD13, were inhibited by B1R antagonists. In ex vivo RA synovial tissue organ cultures, a B1R antagonist reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Several mouse arthritis models, including serum transfer, antigen-induced, and local innate immune stimulation arthritis models, were attenuated in Cd13-/- and B1R-/- mice and were alleviated by B1R antagonism. These results establish a CD13/B1R axis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and identify B1R as a compelling therapeutic target in RA and potentially other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mikel Gurrea-Rubio
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Phillip L. Campbell
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ellen N. Model
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew E. Lind
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sirapa Vichaikul
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Megan N. Mattichak
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William D. Brodie
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonatan L. Hervoso
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Ory
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Camila I. Amarista
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rida Pervez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lucas Junginger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mustafa Ali
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gal Hodish
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Morgan M. O’Mara
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Ruth
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew G. Urquhart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Lawton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin C. Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas L. Saunders
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Transgenic Animal Model Core, and
| | - Vincent E. Groppi
- Center for Discovery of New Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David A. Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M. Asif Amin
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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5
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CD13 orients the apical-basal polarity axis necessary for lumen formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4697. [PMID: 34349123 PMCID: PMC8338993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarized epithelial cells can organize into complex structures with a characteristic central lumen. Lumen formation requires that cells coordinately orient their polarity axis so that the basolateral domain is on the outside and apical domain inside epithelial structures. Here we show that the transmembrane aminopeptidase, CD13, is a key determinant of epithelial polarity orientation. CD13 localizes to the apical membrane and associates with an apical complex with Par6. CD13-deficient cells display inverted polarity in which apical proteins are retained on the outer cell periphery and fail to accumulate at an intercellular apical initiation site. Here we show that CD13 is required to couple apical protein cargo to Rab11-endosomes and for capture of endosomes at the apical initiation site. This role in polarity utilizes the short intracellular domain but is independent of CD13 peptidase activity.
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CD13 is a critical regulator of cell-cell fusion in osteoclastogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10736. [PMID: 34031489 PMCID: PMC8144195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane aminopeptidase CD13 is highly expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage, regulates dynamin-dependent receptor endocytosis and recycling and is a necessary component of actin cytoskeletal organization. Here, we show that CD13-deficient mice present a low bone density phenotype with increased numbers of osteoclasts per bone surface, but display a normal distribution of osteoclast progenitor populations in the bone marrow and periphery. In addition, the bone formation and mineral apposition rates are similar between genotypes, indicating a defect in osteoclast-specific function in vivo. Lack of CD13 led to exaggerated in vitro osteoclastogenesis as indicated by significantly enhanced fusion of bone marrow-derived multinucleated osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL, resulting in abnormally large cells containing remarkably high numbers of nuclei. Mechanistically, while expression levels of the fusion-regulatory proteins dynamin and DC-STAMP1 must be downregulated for fusion to proceed, these are aberrantly sustained at high levels even in CD13-deficient mature multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Further, the stability of fusion-promoting proteins is maintained in the absence of CD13, implicating CD13 in protein turnover mechanisms. Together, we conclude that CD13 may regulate cell–cell fusion by controlling the expression and localization of key fusion regulatory proteins that are critical for osteoclast fusion.
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Devarakonda CKV, Meredith E, Ghosh M, Shapiro LH. Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:923-929. [PMID: 33380494 PMCID: PMC7889699 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Coronaviridae family includes the seven known human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause mild to moderate respiratory infections (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1) as well as severe illness and death (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2). Severe infections induce hyperinflammatory responses that are often intensified by host adaptive immune pathways to profoundly advance disease severity. Proinflammatory responses are triggered by CoV entry mediated by host cell surface receptors. Interestingly, five of the seven strains use three cell surface metallopeptidases (CD13, CD26, and ACE2) as receptors, whereas the others employ O-acetylated-sialic acid (a key feature of metallopeptidases) for entry. Why CoV evolved to use peptidases as their receptors is unknown, but the peptidase activities of the receptors are dispensable, suggesting the virus uses/benefits from other functions of these molecules. Indeed, these receptors participate in the immune modulatory pathways that contribute to the pathological hyperinflammatory response. This review will focus on the role of CoV receptors in modulating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Meredith
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
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Lu C, Amin MA, Fox DA. CD13/Aminopeptidase N Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3-11. [PMID: 31848300 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD13/aminopeptidase N is a widely expressed ectoenzyme with multiple functions. As an enzyme, CD13 regulates activities of numerous cytokines by cleaving their N-terminals and is involved in Ag processing by trimming the peptides bound to MHC class II. Independent of its enzymatic activity, cell membrane CD13 functions by cross-linking-induced signal transduction, regulation of receptor recycling, enhancement of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, and acting as a receptor for cytokines. Moreover, soluble CD13 has multiple proinflammatory roles mediated by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors. CD13 not only modulates development and activities of immune-related cells, but also regulates functions of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, CD13 is important in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. Inhibitors of CD13 have shown impressive anti-inflammatory effects, but none of them has yet been used for clinical therapy of human inflammatory diseases. We reevaluate CD13's regulatory role in inflammation and suggest that CD13 could be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammad A Amin
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
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9
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Felsenstein M, Blank A, Bungert AD, Mueller A, Ghori A, Kremenetskaia I, Rung O, Broggini T, Turkowski K, Scherschinski L, Raggatz J, Vajkoczy P, Brandenburg S. CCR2 of Tumor Microenvironmental Cells Is a Relevant Modulator of Glioma Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071882. [PMID: 32668709 PMCID: PMC7408933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) shows a high influx of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The CCR2/CCL2 pathway is considered a relevant signal for the recruitment of TAMs and has been suggested as a therapeutic target in malignant gliomas. We found that TAMs of human GBM specimens and of a syngeneic glioma model express CCR2 to varying extents. Using a Ccr2-deficient strain for glioma inoculation revealed a 30% reduction of TAMs intratumorally. This diminished immune cell infiltration occurred with augmented tumor volumes likely based on increased cell proliferation. Remaining TAMs in Ccr2-/- mice showed comparable surface marker expression patterns in comparison to wildtype mice, but expression levels of inflammatory transcription factors (Stat3, Irf7, Cox2) and cytokines (Ifnβ, Il1β, Il12α) were considerably affected. Furthermore, we demonstrated an impact on blood vessel integrity, while vascularization of tumors appeared similar between mouse strains. The higher stability and attenuated leakiness of the tumor vasculature imply improved sustenance of glioma tissue in Ccr2-/- mice. Additionally, despite TAMs residing in the perivascular niche in Ccr2-/- mice, their pro-angiogenic activity was reduced by the downregulation of Vegf. In conclusion, lacking CCR2 solely on tumor microenvironmental cells leads to enhanced tumor progression, whereby high numbers of TAMs infiltrate gliomas independently of the CCR2/CCL2 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Felsenstein
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Anne Blank
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Bungert
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Annett Mueller
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Adnan Ghori
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Irina Kremenetskaia
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Olga Rung
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Kati Turkowski
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Jonas Raggatz
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-560-002
| | - Susan Brandenburg
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.B.); (A.D.B.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (I.K.); (O.R.); (T.B.); (K.T.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (S.B.)
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10
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Devarakonda CV, Pereira FE, Smith JD, Shapiro LH, Ghosh M. CD13 deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress and larger atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:70-80. [PMID: 31229835 PMCID: PMC6746312 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory cardiovascular disorder characterized by accumulation of lipid-loaded macrophages in the intima. Prolonged accumulation leads to apoptosis of macrophages and eventually to progression of lesion development. Prevention of macrophage accumulation within the intima has been shown to reduce lesion formation. Since CD13 mediates trafficking of macrophages to sites of injury and repair, we tested the role of CD13 in atherosclerosis. METHODS CD13+/+Ldlr-/- and CD13-/-Ldlr-/- (low density lipoprotein receptor) mice were fed basal or high fat diet (HFD) for 9, 12 and 15 weeks. Mice were euthanized and aortic roots along with innominate arteries were analyzed for atherosclerotic lesions. Cellular mechanisms were determined in vitro using CD13+/+ and CD13-/- bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) incubated with highly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). RESULTS At the 9 and 12 week time points, no differences were observed in the average lesion size, but at the 15 week time point, CD13-/-Ldlr-/- mice had larger lesions with exaggerated necrotic areas. CD13+/+ and CD13-/- macrophages endocytosed similar amounts of oxLDL, but CD13-/- macrophages generated higher amounts of oxidative stressors in comparison to CD13+/+ macrophages. This increased oxidative stress was due to increased nitric oxide production in oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. Accumulated oxidative stress subsequently led to accelerated apoptosis and enhanced necrosis of oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our prediction, CD13 deficiency led to larger atherosclerotic lesions with increased areas of necrosis. Mechanistically, CD13 deficiency led to increased nitric oxide production and consequently, greater oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan V Devarakonda
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Flavia E Pereira
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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11
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Du Y, Lu C, Morgan RL, Stinson WA, Campbell PL, Cealey E, Fu W, Lepore NJ, Hervoso JL, Cui H, Urquhart AG, Lawton JN, Chung KC, Fox DA, Amin MA. Angiogenic and Arthritogenic Properties of the Soluble Form of CD13. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:360-369. [PMID: 31189572 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N/CD13 is expressed by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and monocytes (MNs) in inflamed human synovial tissue (ST). This study examined the role of soluble CD13 (sCD13) in angiogenesis, MN migration, phosphorylation of signaling molecules, and induction of arthritis. The contribution of sCD13 was examined in angiogenesis and MN migration using sCD13 and CD13-depleted rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluids (SFs). An enzymatically inactive mutant CD13 and intact wild-type (WT) CD13 were used to determine whether its enzymatic activity contributes to the arthritis-related functions. CD13-induced phosphorylation of signaling molecules was determined by Western blotting. The effect of sCD13 on cytokine secretion from RA ST and RA FLS was evaluated. sCD13 was injected into C57BL/6 mouse knees to assess its arthritogenicity. sCD13 induced angiogenesis and was a potent chemoattractant for MNs and U937 cells. Inhibitors of Erk1/2, Src, NF-κB, Jnk, and pertussis toxin, a G protein-coupled receptor inhibitor, decreased sCD13-stimulated chemotaxis. CD13-depleted RA SF induced significantly less MN migration than sham-depleted SF, and addition of mutant or WT CD13 to CD13-depleted RA SF equally restored MN migration. sCD13 and recombinant WT or mutant CD13 had similar effects on signaling molecule phosphorylation, indicating that the enzymatic activity of CD13 had no role in these functions. CD13 increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by RA FLS, and a CD13 neutralizing Ab inhibited cytokine secretion from RA ST organ culture. Mouse knee joints injected with CD13 exhibited increased circumference and proinflammatory mediator expression. These data support the concept that sCD13 plays a pivotal role in RA and acute inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Du
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,National Center for Clinical Laboratories/Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Rachel L Morgan
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William A Stinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Phillip L Campbell
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ellen Cealey
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wenyi Fu
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, China; and
| | - Nicholas J Lepore
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jonatan L Hervoso
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Huadong Cui
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, China; and
| | - Andrew G Urquhart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jeffrey N Lawton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kevin C Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Mohammad A Amin
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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12
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Whitworth KM, Rowland RRR, Petrovan V, Sheahan M, Cino-Ozuna AG, Fang Y, Hesse R, Mileham A, Samuel MS, Wells KD, Prather RS. Resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase N-deficient pigs. Transgenic Res 2018; 28:21-32. [PMID: 30315482 PMCID: PMC6353812 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are sources of high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs, a consequence of dehydration caused by the infection and necrosis of enterocytes. The biological relevance of amino peptidase N (ANPEP) as a putative receptor for TGEV and PEDV in pigs was evaluated by using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit exon 2 of ANPEP resulting in a premature stop codon. Knockout pigs possessing the null ANPEP phenotype and age matched wild type pigs were challenged with either PEDV or TGEV. Fecal swabs were collected daily from each animal beginning 1 day prior to challenge with PEDV until the termination of the study. The presence of virus nucleic acid was determined by PCR. ANPEP null pigs did not support infection with TGEV, but retained susceptibility to infection with PEDV. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of PEDV reactivity and absence of TGEV reactivity in the enterocytes lining the ileum in ANPEP null pigs. The different receptor requirements for TGEV and PEDV have important implications in the development of new genetic tools for the control of enteric disease in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Whitworth
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Randall Prather, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Raymond R R Rowland
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Vlad Petrovan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Maureen Sheahan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ada G Cino-Ozuna
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Richard Hesse
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | | | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Randall Prather, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Randall Prather, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Randall Prather, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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13
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Ramos-Tomillero I, Perez-Chacon G, Somovilla-Crespo B, Sanchez-Madrid F, Domínguez JM, Cuevas C, Zapata JM, Rodríguez H, Albericio F. Bioconjugation through Mesitylene Thiol Alkylation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1199-1208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ramos-Tomillero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Perez-Chacon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Cuevas
- Research Department, PharmaMar S.A., Colmenar Viejo, 28770-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa
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14
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Schneider E, Staffas A, Röhner L, Malmberg ED, Ashouri A, Krowiorz K, Pochert N, Miller C, Wei SY, Arabanian L, Buske C, Döhner H, Bullinger L, Fogelstrand L, Heuser M, Döhner K, Xiang P, Ruschmann J, Petriv OI, Heravi-Moussavi A, Hansen CL, Hirst M, Humphries RK, Rouhi A, Palmqvist L, Kuchenbauer F. Micro-ribonucleic acid-155 is a direct target of Meis1, but not a driver in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 103:246-255. [PMID: 29217774 PMCID: PMC5792269 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.177485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acid-155 (miR-155) is one of the first described oncogenic miRNAs. Although multiple direct targets of miR-155 have been identified, it is not clear how it contributes to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. We found miR-155 to be a direct target of Meis1 in murine Hoxa9/Meis1 induced acute myeloid leukemia. The additional overexpression of miR-155 accelerated the formation of acute myeloid leukemia in Hoxa9 as well as in Hoxa9/Meis1 cells in vivo. However, in the absence or following the removal of miR-155, leukemia onset and progression were unaffected. Although miR-155 accelerated growth and homing in addition to impairing differentiation, our data underscore the pathophysiological relevance of miR-155 as an accelerator rather than a driver of leukemogenesis. This further highlights the complexity of the oncogenic program of Meis1 to compensate for the loss of a potent oncogene such as miR-155. These findings are highly relevant to current and developing approaches for targeting miR-155 in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Staffas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Röhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Erik D Malmberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kathrin Krowiorz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicole Pochert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Christina Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Stella Yuan Wei
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laleh Arabanian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Fogelstrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Homeostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Ping Xiang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jens Ruschmann
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Oleh I Petriv
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alireza Heravi-Moussavi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carl L Hansen
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arefeh Rouhi
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Palmqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian Kuchenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany .,Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Ulm, Germany
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15
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Strauss O, Phillips A, Ruggiero K, Bartlett A, Dunbar PR. Immunofluorescence identifies distinct subsets of endothelial cells in the human liver. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44356. [PMID: 28287163 PMCID: PMC5347010 DOI: 10.1038/srep44356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As well as systemic vascular endothelial cells, the liver has specialised sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC). LSEC dysfunction has been documented in many diseased states yet their phenotype in normal human liver has not been comprehensively assessed. Our aim was to improve characterisation of subsets of endothelial cells and associated pericytes in the human liver. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed on normal human liver tissue samples to assess endothelial and structural proteins in a minimum of three donors. LSEC are distributed in an acinar pattern and universally express CD36, but two distinctive subsets of LSEC can be identified in different acinar zones. Type 1 LSEC are CD36hiCD32−CD14−LYVE-1− and are located in acinar zone 1 of the lobule, while Type 2 LSEC are LYVE-1+CD32hiCD14+CD54+CD36mid-lo and are located in acinar zones 2 and 3 of the lobule. Portal tracts and central veins can be identified using markers for systemic vascular endothelia and pericytes, none of which are expressed by LSEC. In areas of low hydrostatic pressure LSEC are lined by stellate cells that express the pericyte marker CD146. Our findings identify distinctive populations of LSEC and distinguish these cells from adjacent stellate cells, systemic vasculature and pericytes in different zones of the liver acinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Strauss
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katya Ruggiero
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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The Aminopeptidase CD13 Induces Homotypic Aggregation in Neutrophils and Impairs Collagen Invasion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160108. [PMID: 27467268 PMCID: PMC4965216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is a widely expressed cell surface metallopeptidase involved in the migration of cancer and endothelial cells. Apart from our demonstration that CD13 modulates the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis in neutrophils, no other function for CD13 has been ascribed in this cell. We hypothesized that CD13 may be involved in neutrophil migration and/or homotypic aggregation. Using purified human blood neutrophils we confirmed the expression of CD13 on neutrophils and its up-regulation by pro-inflammatory agonists. However, using the anti-CD13 monoclonal antibody WM-15 and the aminopeptidase enzymatic inhibitor bestatin we were unable to demonstrate any direct involvement of CD13 in neutrophil polarisation or chemotaxis. In contrast, IL-8-mediated neutrophil migration in type I collagen gels was significantly impaired by the anti-CD13 monoclonal antibodies WM-15 and MY7. Notably, these antibodies also induced significant homotypic aggregation of neutrophils, which was dependent on CD13 cross-linking and was attenuated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 inhibition. Live imaging demonstrated that in WM-15-treated neutrophils, where homotypic aggregation was evident, the number of cells entering IL-8 impregnated collagen I gels was significantly reduced. These data reveal a novel role for CD13 in inducing homotypic aggregation in neutrophils, which results in a transmigration deficiency; this mechanism may be relevant to neutrophil micro-aggregation in vivo.
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17
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Volz AC, Huber B, Kluger PJ. Adipose-derived stem cell differentiation as a basic tool for vascularized adipose tissue engineering. Differentiation 2016; 92:52-64. [PMID: 26976717 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of in vitro adipose tissue constructs is highly desired to cope with the increased demand for substitutes to replace damaged soft tissue after high graded burns, deformities or tumor removal. To achieve clinically relevant dimensions, vascularization of soft tissue constructs becomes inevitable but still poses a challenge. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising cell source for the setup of vascularized fatty tissue constructs as they can be differentiated into adipocytes and endothelial cells in vitro and are thereby available in sufficiently high cell numbers. This review summarizes the currently known characteristics of ASCs and achievements in adipogenic and endothelial differentiation in vitro. Further, the interdependency of adipogenesis and angiogenesis based on the crosstalk of endothelial cells, stem cells and adipocytes is addressed at the molecular level. Finally, achievements and limitations of current co-culture conditions for the construction of vascularized adipose tissue are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Volz
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Huber
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra J Kluger
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Zotz JS, Wölbing F, Lassnig C, Kauffmann M, Schulte U, Kolb A, Whitelaw B, Müller M, Biedermann T, Huber M. CD13/aminopeptidase N is a negative regulator of mast cell activation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2225-35. [PMID: 26936360 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-induced mast cell (MC) activation via cross-linking of IgE-bound high-affinity receptors for IgE (FcεRI) underlies type I allergy and anaphylactic shock. Comprehensive knowledge of FcεRI regulation is thus required. We have identified a functional interaction between FcεRI and CD13 in murine MCs. Antigen-triggered activation of IgE-loaded FcεRI results in cocapping and cointernalization of CD13 and equivalent internalization rates of up to 40%. Cointernalization is not unspecific, because ligand-driven KIT internalization is not accompanied by CD13 internalization. Moreover, antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD13 causes IL-6 production in an FcεRI-dependent manner. These data are indicative of a functional interaction between FcεRI and CD13 on MCs. To determine the role of this interaction, CD13-deficient bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) were analyzed. Intriguingly, antigen stimulation of CD13-deficient BMMCs results in significantly increased degranulation and proinflammatory cytokine production compared to wild-type cells. Furthermore, in a low-dose model of passive systemic anaphylaxis, antigen-dependent decrease in body temperature, reflecting the anaphylactic reaction, is substantially enhanced by the CD13 inhibitor bestatin (-5.9 ± 0.6°C) and by CD13 deficiency (-8.8 ± 0.6°C) in contrast to controls (-1.2 ± 1.97°C). Importantly, bestatin does not aggravate anaphylaxis in CD13-deficient mice. Thus, we have identified CD13 as a novel negative regulator of MC activation in vitro and in vivo-Zotz, J. S., Wölbing, F., Lassnig, C., Kauffmann, M., Schulte, U., Kolb, A., Whitelaw, B., Müller, M., Biedermann, T., Huber, M. CD13/aminopeptidase N is a negative regulator of mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Zotz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Wölbing
- Department of Dermatology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Kauffmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (Bioss), Freiburg, Germany; Logopharm GmbH, March-Buchheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolb
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;
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Bouchet S, Dauzonne D, Bauvois B, Piedfer M, Susin S. In vitro activity of some flavonoid derivatives on human leukemic myeloid cells: evidence for aminopeptidase-N (CD13) inhibition, antiproliferative and cell death properties. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Licona-Limón I, Garay-Canales CA, Muñoz-Paleta O, Ortega E. CD13 mediates phagocytosis in human monocytic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:85-98. [PMID: 25934926 PMCID: PMC7167067 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0914-458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelomonocytic marker aminopeptidase N/CD13 is a novel phagocytic receptor in monocytes and macrophages. CD13 is a membrane‐bound ectopeptidase, highly expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CD13 is involved in diverse functions, including degradation of peptide mediators, cellular adhesion, migration, viral endocytosis, signaling, and positive modulation of phagocytosis mediated by FcγRs and other phagocytic receptors. In this work, we explored whether besides acting as an accessory receptor, CD13 by itself is a primary phagocytic receptor. We found that hCD13 mediates efficient phagocytosis of large particles (erythrocytes) modified so as to interact with the cell only through CD13 in human macrophages and THP‐1 monocytic cells. The extent of this phagocytosis is comparable with the phagocytosis mediated through the canonical phagocytic receptor FcγRI. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hCD13 expression in the nonphagocytic cell line HEK293 is sufficient to enable these cells to internalize particles bound through hCD13. CD13‐mediated phagocytosis is independent of other phagocytic receptors, as it occurs in the absence of FcγRs, CR3, and most phagocytic receptors. Phagocytosis through CD13 is independent of its enzymatic activity but is dependent on actin rearrangement and activation of PI3K and is partially dependent on Syk activation. Moreover, the cross‐linking of CD13 with antibodies rapidly induced pSyk in human macrophages. Finally, we observed that antibody‐mediated cross‐linking of hCD13, expressed in the murine macrophage‐like J774 cell line, induces production of ROS. These results demonstrate that CD13 is a fully competent phagocytic receptor capable of mediating internalization of large particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
| | - Claudia A Garay-Canales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
| | - Ofelia Muñoz-Paleta
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
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21
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Ghosh M, Subramani J, Rahman MM, Shapiro LH. CD13 restricts TLR4 endocytic signal transduction in inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4466-76. [PMID: 25801433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the innate immune response underlies numerous pathological conditions. The TLR4 is the prototypical sensor of infection or injury that orchestrates the innate response via sequential activation of both cell surface and endocytic signaling pathways that trigger distinct downstream consequences. CD14 binds and delivers LPS to TLR4 and has been identified as a positive regulator of TLR4 signal transduction. It is logical that negative regulators of this process also exist to maintain the critical balance required for fighting infection, healing damaged tissue, and resolving inflammation. We showed that CD13 negatively modulates receptor-mediated Ag uptake in dendritic cells to control T cell activation in adaptive immunity. In this study, we report that myeloid CD13 governs internalization of TLR4 and subsequent innate signaling cascades, activating IRF-3 independently of CD14. CD13 is cointernalized with TLR4, CD14, and dynamin into Rab5(+) early endosomes upon LPS treatment. Importantly, in response to TLR4 ligands HMGB1 and LPS, p-IRF-3 activation and transcription of its target genes are enhanced in CD13(KO) dendritic cells, whereas TLR4 surface signaling remains unaffected, resulting in a skewed inflammatory response. This finding is physiologically relevant as ischemic injury in vivo provoked identical TLR4 responses. Finally, CD13(KO) mice showed significantly enhanced IFNβ-mediated signal transduction via JAK-STAT, escalating inducible NO synthase transcription levels and promoting accumulation of oxidative stress mediators and tissue injury. Mechanistically, inflammatory activation of macrophages upregulates CD13 expression and CD13 and TLR4 coimmunoprecipitate. Therefore, CD13 negatively regulates TLR4 signaling, thereby balancing the innate response by maintaining the inflammatory equilibrium critical to innate immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Jaganathan Subramani
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - M Mamunur Rahman
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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22
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Rahman MM, Ghosh M, Subramani J, Fong GH, Carlson ME, Shapiro LH. CD13 regulates anchorage and differentiation of the skeletal muscle satellite stem cell population in ischemic injury. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1564-77. [PMID: 24307555 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD13 is a multifunctional cell surface molecule that regulates inflammatory and angiogenic mechanisms in vitro, but its contribution to these processes in vivo or potential roles in stem cell biology remains unexplored. We investigated the impact of loss of CD13 on a model of ischemic skeletal muscle injury that involves angiogenesis, inflammation, and stem cell mobilization. Consistent with its role as an inflammatory adhesion molecule, lack of CD13 altered myeloid trafficking in the injured muscle, resulting in cytokine profiles skewed toward a prohealing environment. Despite this healing-favorable context, CD13(KO) animals showed significantly impaired limb perfusion with increased necrosis, fibrosis, and lipid accumulation. Capillary density was correspondingly decreased, implicating CD13 in skeletal muscle angiogenesis. The number of CD45-/Sca1-/α7-integrin+/β1-integrin+ satellite cells was markedly diminished in injured CD13(KO) muscles and adhesion of isolated CD13(KO) satellite cells was impaired while their differentiation was accelerated. Bone marrow transplantation studies showed contributions from both host and donor cells to wound healing. Importantly, CD13 was coexpressed with Pax7 on isolated muscle-resident satellite cells. Finally, phosphorylated-focal adhesion kinase and ERK levels were reduced in injured CD13(KO) muscles, consistent with CD13 regulating satellite cell adhesion, potentially contributing to the maintenance and renewal of the satellite stem cell pool and facilitating skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mamunur Rahman
- Center for Vascular Biology and University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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23
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Ghosh M, Gerber C, Rahman MM, Vernier KM, Pereira FE, Subramani J, Caromile LA, Shapiro LH. Molecular mechanisms regulating CD13-mediated adhesion. Immunology 2014; 142:636-47. [PMID: 24627994 PMCID: PMC4107673 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD13/Aminopeptidase N is a transmembrane metalloproteinase that is expressed in many tissues where it regulates various cellular functions. In inflammation, CD13 is expressed on myeloid cells, is up-regulated on endothelial cells at sites of inflammation and mediates monocyte/endothelial adhesion by homotypic interactions. In animal models the lack of CD13 alters the profiles of infiltrating inflammatory cells at sites of ischaemic injury. Here, we found that CD13 expression is enriched specifically on the pro-inflammatory subset of monocytes, suggesting that CD13 may regulate trafficking and function of specific subsets of immune cells. To further dissect the mechanisms regulating CD13-dependent trafficking we used the murine model of thioglycollate-induced sterile peritonitis. Peritoneal monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells were significantly decreased in inflammatory exudates from global CD13KO animals when compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of wild-type and CD13KO primary myeloid cells, or wild-type myeloid cells pre-treated with CD13-blocking antibodies into thioglycollate-challenged wild-type recipients demonstrated fewer CD13KO or treated cells in the lavage, suggesting that CD13 expression confers a competitive advantage in trafficking. Similarly, both wild-type and CD13KO cells were reduced in infiltrates in CD13KO recipients, confirming that both monocytic and endothelial CD13 contribute to trafficking. Finally, murine monocyte cell lines expressing mouse/human chimeric CD13 molecules demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of the protein mediates CD13 adhesion. Therefore, this work verifies that the altered inflammatory trafficking in CD13KO mice is the result of aberrant myeloid cell subset trafficking and further defines the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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24
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Jones S, Boisvert A, Duong TB, Francois S, Thrane P, Culty M. Disruption of Rat Testis Development Following Combined In Utero Exposure to the Phytoestrogen Genistein and Antiandrogenic Plasticizer Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:64. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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25
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Rahman MM, Subramani J, Ghosh M, Denninger JK, Takeda K, Fong GH, Carlson ME, Shapiro LH. CD13 promotes mesenchymal stem cell-mediated regeneration of ischemic muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 4:402. [PMID: 24409152 PMCID: PMC3885827 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, tissue-resident cells that can facilitate tissue regeneration and thus, show great promise as potential therapeutic agents. Functional MSCs have been isolated and characterized from a wide array of adult tissues and are universally identified by the shared expression of a core panel of MSCs markers. One of these markers is the multifunctional cell surface peptidase CD13 that has been shown to be expressed on human and murine MSCs from many tissues. To investigate whether this universal expression indicates a functional role for CD13 in MSC biology we isolated, expanded and characterized MSCs from bone marrow of wild type (WT) and CD13KO mice. Characterization of these cells demonstrated that both WT and CD13KO MSCs expressed the full complement of MSC markers (CD29, CD44, CD49e, CD105, Sca1), showed comparable proliferation rates and were capable of differentiating toward the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. However, MSCs lacking CD13 were unable to differentiate into vascular cells, consistent with our previous characterization of CD13 as an angiogenic regulator. Compared to WT MSCs, adhesion and migration on various extracellular matrices of CD13KO MSCs were significantly impaired, which correlated with decreased phospho-FAK levels and cytoskeletal alterations. Crosslinking human MSCs with activating CD13 antibodies increased cell adhesion to endothelial monolayers and induced FAK activation in a time dependent manner. In agreement with these in vitro data, intramuscular injection of CD13KO MSCs in a model of severe ischemic limb injury resulted in significantly poorer perfusion, decreased ambulation, increased necrosis and impaired vascularization compared to those receiving WT MSCs. This study suggests that CD13 regulates FAK activation to promote MSC adhesion and migration, thus, contributing to MSC-mediated tissue repair. CD13 may present a viable target to enhance the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mamunur Rahman
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jaganathan Subramani
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jiyeon K Denninger
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Morgan E Carlson
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA ; Drug Discovery, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
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Subramani J, Ghosh M, Rahman MM, Caromile LA, Gerber C, Rezaul K, Han DK, Shapiro LH. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD13 regulates inflammatory cell-cell adhesion and monocyte trafficking. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3905-12. [PMID: 23997214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD13 is a large cell surface peptidase expressed on the monocytes and activated endothelial cells that is important for homing to and resolving the damaged tissue at sites of injury. We showed previously that cross-linking of human monocytic CD13 with activating Abs induces strong adhesion to endothelial cells in a tyrosine kinase- and microtubule-dependent manner. In the current study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations in vitro and in vivo. We found that cross-linking of CD13 on U937 monocytic cells induced phosphorylation of a number of proteins, including Src, FAK, and ERK, and inhibition of these abrogated CD13-dependent adhesion. We found that CD13 itself was phosphorylated in a Src-dependent manner, which was an unexpected finding because its 7-aa cytoplasmic tail was assumed to be inert. Furthermore, CD13 was constitutively associated with the scaffolding protein IQGAP1, and CD13 cross-linking induced complex formation with the actin-binding protein α-actinin, linking membrane-bound CD13 to the cytoskeleton, further supporting CD13 as an inflammatory adhesion molecule. Mechanistically, mutation of the conserved CD13 cytoplasmic tyrosine to phenylalanine abrogated adhesion; Src, FAK, and ERK phosphorylation; and cytoskeletal alterations upon Ab cross-linking. Finally, CD13 was phosphorylated in isolated murine inflammatory peritoneal exudate cells, and adoptive transfer of monocytic cell lines engineered to express the mutant CD13 were severely impaired in their ability to migrate into the inflamed peritoneum, confirming that CD13 phosphorylation is relevant to inflammatory cell trafficking in vivo. Therefore, this study identifies CD13 as a novel, direct activator of intracellular signaling pathways in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganathan Subramani
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is involved in phagocytic processes in human dendritic cells and macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:562984. [PMID: 24063007 PMCID: PMC3766993 DOI: 10.1155/2013/562984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (APN or CD13) is a membrane ectopeptidase expressed by many cell types, including myelomonocytic lineage cells: monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CD13 is known to regulate the biological activity of various peptides by proteolysis, and it has been proposed that CD13 also participates in several functions such as angiogenesis, cell adhesion, metastasis, and tumor invasion. We had previously reported that, in human monocytes and macrophages, CD13 modulates the phagocytosis mediated by receptors for the Fc portion of IgG antibodies (FcγRs). In this work, we analyzed the possible interaction of CD13 with other phagocytic receptors. We found out that the cross-linking of CD13 positively modulates the phagocytosis mediated by receptors of the innate immune system, since a significant increase in the phagocytosis of zymosan particles or heat-killed E. coli was observed when CD13 was cross-linked using anti-CD13 antibodies, in both macrophages and dendritic cells. Also, we observed that, during the phagocytosis of zymosan, CD13 redistributes and is internalized into the phagosome. These findings suggest that, besides its known functions, CD13 participates in phagocytic processes in dendritic cells and macrophages.
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28
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Pereira FE, Cronin C, Ghosh M, Zhou SY, Agosto M, Subramani J, Wang R, Shen JB, Schacke W, Liang B, Yang TH, McAulliffe B, Liang BT, Shapiro LH. CD13 is essential for inflammatory trafficking and infarct healing following permanent coronary artery occlusion in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:74-83. [PMID: 23761403 PMCID: PMC3778957 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine the role of CD13 as an adhesion molecule in trafficking of inflammatory cells to the site of injury in vivo and its function in wound healing following myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery occlusion. Methods and results Seven days post-permanent ligation, hearts from CD13 knockout (CD13KO) mice showed significant reductions in cardiac function, suggesting impaired healing in the absence of CD13. Mechanistically, CD13KO infarcts showed an increase in small, endothelial-lined luminal structures, but no increase in perfusion, arguing against an angiogenic defect in the absence of CD13. Cardiac myocytes of CD13KO mice showed normal basal contractile function, eliminating myocyte dysfunction as a mechanism of adverse remodelling. Conversely, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analysis of CD13KO infarcts demonstrated a dramatic 65% reduction in infiltrating haematopoietic cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic, and T cells, suggesting a critical role for CD13 adhesion in inflammatory trafficking. Accordingly, CD13KO infarcts also contained fewer myofibroblasts, consistent with attenuation of fibroblast differentiation resulting from the reduced inflammation, leading to adverse remodelling. Conclusion In the ischaemic heart, while compensatory mechanisms apparently relieve potential angiogenic defects, CD13 is essential for proper trafficking of the inflammatory cells necessary to prime and sustain the reparative response, thus promoting optimal post-infarction healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia E Pereira
- Center for Vascular Biology MC3501, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030-3501, USA
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Huang XD, Wang ZF, Dai LM, Li ZQ. Microarray analysis of the hypoxia-induced gene expression profile in malignant C6 glioma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4793-9. [PMID: 23167422 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is commonly featured during glioma growth and plays an important role in the processes underlying tumor progression to increasing malignancy. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of rat C6 malignant glioma cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions by cDNA microarray analysis. Compared to normoxic culture conditions, 180 genes were up-regulated and 67 genes were down-regulated under hypoxia mimicked by CoCl2 treatment. These differentially expressed genes were involved in mutiple biological functions including development and differentiation, immune and stress response, metabolic process, and cellular physiological response. It was found that hypoxia significantly regulated genes involved in regulation of glycolysis and cell differentiation, as well as intracellular signalling pathways related to Notch and focal adhesion, which are closely associated with tumor malignant growth. These results should facilitate investigation of the role of hypoxia in the glioma development and exploration of therapeutic targets for inhibition of glioma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Characteristics of myeloid differentiation and maturation pathway derived from human hematopoietic stem cells exposed to different linear energy transfer radiation types. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59385. [PMID: 23555027 PMCID: PMC3595281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to ionizing radiation causes a marked suppression of mature functional blood cell production in a linear energy transfer (LET)- and/or dose-dependent manner. However, little information about LET effects on the proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs has been reported. With the aim of characterizing the effects of different types of LET radiations on human myeloid hematopoiesis, in vitro hematopoiesis in Human CD34+ cells exposed to carbon-ion beams or X-rays was compared. Highly purified CD34+ cells exposed to each form of radiation were plated onto semi-solid culture for a myeloid progenitor assay. The surviving fractions of total myeloid progenitors, colony-forming cells (CFC), exposed to carbon-ion beams were significantly lower than of those exposed to X-rays, indicating that CFCs are more sensitive to carbon-ion beams (D0 = 0.65) than to X-rays (D0 = 1.07). Similar sensitivities were observed in granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid progenitors, respectively. However, the sensitivities of mixed-type progenitors to both radiation types were similar. In liquid culture for 14 days, no significant difference in total numbers of mononuclear cells was observed between non-irradiated control culture and cells exposed to 0.5 Gy X-rays, whereas 0.5 Gy carbon-ion beams suppressed cell proliferation to 4.9% of the control, a level similar to that for cells exposed to 1.5 Gy X-rays. Cell surface antigens associated with terminal maturation, such as CD13, CD14, and CD15, on harvest from the culture of X-ray-exposed cells were almost the same as those from the non-irradiated control culture. X-rays increased the CD235a+ erythroid-related fraction, whereas carbon-ion beams increased the CD34+CD38− primitive cell fraction and the CD13+CD14+/−CD15− fraction. These results suggest that carbon-ion beams inflict severe damage on the clonal growth of myeloid HSPCs, although the intensity of cell surface antigen expression by mature myeloid cells derived from HSPCs exposed to each type of radiation was similar to that by controls.
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Mammary gland development is delayed in mice deficient for aminopeptidase N. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:425-34. [PMID: 22983824 PMCID: PMC7088532 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of the mammary gland requires the coordinated action of proteolytic enzymes during two phases of remodelling. Firstly, new ducts and side-branches thereof need to be established during pregnancy to generate an extensive ductal tree allowing the secretion and transport of milk. A second wave of remodelling occurs during mammary involution after weaning. We have analysed the role of the cell surface protease aminopeptidase N (Anpep, APN, CD13) during these processes using Anpep deficient and Anpep over-expressing mice. We find that APN deficiency significantly delays mammary gland morphogenesis during gestation. The defect is characterised by a reduction in alveolar buds and duct branching at mid-pregnancy. Conversely over-expression of Anpep leads to accelerated ductal development. This indicates that Anpep plays a critical role in the proteolytic remodelling of mammary tissue during adult mammary development.
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Ghosh M, McAuliffe B, Subramani J, Basu S, Shapiro LH. CD13 regulates dendritic cell cross-presentation and T cell responses by inhibiting receptor-mediated antigen uptake. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5489-99. [PMID: 22544935 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) Ag cross-presentation is generally associated with immune responses to tumors and viral Ags, and enhancement of this process is a focus of tumor vaccine design. In this study, we found that the myeloid cell surface peptidase CD13 is highly and specifically expressed on the subset of DCs responsible for cross-presentation, the CD8(+) murine splenic DCs. In vivo studies indicated that lack of CD13 significantly enhanced T cell responses to soluble OVA Ag, although development, maturation, and Ag processing and presentation of DCs are normal in CD13KO mice. In vitro studies showed that CD13 regulates receptor-mediated, dynamin-dependent endocytosis of Ags such as OVA and transferrin but not fluid-phase or phagocytic Ag uptake. CD13 and Ag are cointernalized in DCs, but CD13 did not coimmunoprecipitate with Ag receptors, suggesting that CD13 does not control internalization of specific receptors but regulates endocytosis at a more universal level. Mechanistically, we found that phosphorylation of the endocytic regulators p38MAPK and Akt was dysregulated in CD13KO DCs, and blocking of these kinases perturbed CD13-dependent endocytic uptake. Therefore, CD13 is a novel endocytic regulator that may be exploited to enhance Ag uptake and T cell activation to improve the efficacy of tumor-targeted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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