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Dardis A, Michelakakis H, Rozenfeld P, Fumic K, Wagner J, Pavan E, Fuller M, Revel-Vilk S, Hughes D, Cox T, Aerts J. Patient centered guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of Gaucher disease type 1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:442. [PMID: 36544230 PMCID: PMC9768924 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder due to the deficient activity of the acid beta-glucosidase (GCase) enzyme, resulting in the progressive lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and its deacylated derivate, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph). GCase is encoded by the GBA1 gene, located on chromosome 1q21 16 kb upstream from a highly homologous pseudogene. To date, more than 400 GBA1 pathogenic variants have been reported, many of them derived from recombination events between the gene and the pseudogene. In the last years, the increased access to new technologies has led to an exponential growth in the number of diagnostic laboratories offering GD testing. However, both biochemical and genetic diagnosis of GD are challenging and to date no specific evidence-based guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of GD have been published. The objective of the guidelines presented here is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the technical implementation and interpretation of biochemical and genetic testing for the diagnosis of GD to ensure a timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide. The guidelines have been developed by members of the Diagnostic Working group of the International Working Group of Gaucher Disease (IWGGD), a non-profit network established to promote clinical and basic research into GD for the ultimate purpose of improving the lives of patients with this disease. One of the goals of the IWGGD is to support equitable access to diagnosis of GD and to standardize procedures to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, a guideline development group consisting of biochemists and geneticists working in the field of GD diagnosis was established and a list of topics to be discussed was selected. In these guidelines, twenty recommendations are provided based on information gathered through a systematic review of the literature and two different diagnostic algorithms are presented, considering the geographical differences in the access to diagnostic services. Besides, several gaps in the current diagnostic workflow were identified and actions to fulfill them were taken within the IWGGD. We believe that the implementation of recommendations provided in these guidelines will promote an equitable, timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dardis
- grid.411492.bRegional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - H. Michelakakis
- grid.414709.f0000 0004 0383 4326Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - P. Rozenfeld
- grid.9499.d0000 0001 2097 3940Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos Y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - K. Fumic
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Wagner
- grid.412680.90000 0001 1015 399XDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia ,International Gaucher Alliance, Dursley, UK
| | - E. Pavan
- grid.411492.bRegional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M. Fuller
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - S. Revel-Vilk
- grid.415593.f0000 0004 0470 7791Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel ,grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D. Hughes
- grid.437485.90000 0001 0439 3380Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK
| | - T. Cox
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Aerts
- grid.5132.50000 0001 2312 1970Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lienden MJC, Aten J, Boot RG, Eijk M, Aerts JMFG, Kuo C. HEPES‐buffering of bicarbonate‐containing culture medium perturbs lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:893-905. [PMID: 35312102 PMCID: PMC9314694 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by the GBA gene, degrades the ubiquitous glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide. Inherited GCase deficiency causes Gaucher disease (GD). In addition, carriers of an abnormal GBA allele are at increased risk for Parkinson's disease. GCase undergoes extensive modification of its four N‐glycans en route to and inside the lysosome that is reflected in changes in molecular weight as detected with sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fluorescent activity‐based probes (ABPs) that covalently label GCase in reaction‐based manner in vivo and in vitro allow sensitive visualization of GCase molecules. Using these ABPs, we studied the life cycle of GCase in cultured fibroblasts and macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells. Specific attention was paid to the impact of 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) supplementation to bicarbonate‐buffered medium. Here, we report how HEPES‐buffered medium markedly influences processing of GCase, its lysosomal degradation, and the total cellular enzyme level. HEPES‐containing medium was also found to reduce maturation of other lysosomal enzymes (α‐glucosidase and β‐glucuronidase) in cells. The presence of HEPES in bicarbonate containing medium increases GCase activity in GD‐patient derived fibroblasts, illustrating how the supplementation of HEPES complicates the use of cultured cells for diagnosing GD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G. Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marco Eijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Chi‐Lin Kuo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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A diagnosis of progressive myoclonic ataxia guided by blood biomarkers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 94:124-126. [PMID: 34275752 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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van der Lienden MJC, Aten J, Marques ARA, Waas ISE, Larsen PWB, Claessen N, van der Wel NN, Ottenhoff R, van Eijk M, Aerts JMFG. GCase and LIMP2 Abnormalities in the Liver of Niemann Pick Type C Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2532. [PMID: 33802460 PMCID: PMC7959463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal storage disease Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is caused by impaired cholesterol efflux from lysosomes, which is accompanied by secondary lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Similar to Gaucher disease (GD), patients deficient in glucocerebrosidase (GCase) degrading GlcCer, NPC patients show an elevated glucosylsphingosine and glucosylated cholesterol. In livers of mice lacking the lysosomal cholesterol efflux transporter NPC1, we investigated the expression of established biomarkers of lipid-laden macrophages of GD patients, their GCase status, and content on the cytosol facing glucosylceramidase GBA2 and lysosomal integral membrane protein type B (LIMP2), a transporter of newly formed GCase to lysosomes. Livers of 80-week-old Npc1-/- mice showed a partially reduced GCase protein and enzymatic activity. In contrast, GBA2 levels tended to be reciprocally increased with the GCase deficiency. In Npc1-/- liver, increased expression of lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin D, acid ceramidase) was observed as well as increased markers of lipid-stressed macrophages (GPNMB and galectin-3). Immunohistochemistry showed that the latter markers are expressed by lipid laden Kupffer cells. Earlier reported increase of LIMP2 in Npc1-/- liver was confirmed. Unexpectedly, immunohistochemistry showed that LIMP2 is particularly overexpressed in the hepatocytes of the Npc1-/- liver. LIMP2 in these hepatocytes seems not to only localize to (endo)lysosomes. The recent recognition that LIMP2 harbors a cholesterol channel prompts the speculation that LIMP2 in Npc1-/- hepatocytes might mediate export of cholesterol into the bile and thus protects the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - André R. A. Marques
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ingeborg S. E. Waas
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Per W. B. Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.v.d.L.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.v.d.L.); (M.v.E.)
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Value of Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) as a Biomarker in Gaucher Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197159. [PMID: 32998334 PMCID: PMC7584006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism, can negatively impact clinical outcomes. This systematic literature review evaluated the value of glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), as the most reliable biomarker currently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease/treatment monitoring of patients with GD. Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, ScienceOpen, Science.gov, Biological Abstracts, and Sci-Hub to identify original research articles relevant to lyso-Gb1 and GD published before March 2019. Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 56 related to pathology and 21 related to clinical biomarkers. Evidence for lyso-Gb1 as a pathogenic mediator of GD was unequivocal, although its precise role requires further elucidation. Lyso-Gb1 was deemed a statistically reliable diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker in GD. Evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a disease-monitoring biomarker for GD, and some evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a prognostic biomarker, but further study is required. Lyso-Gb1 meets the criteria for a biomarker as it is easily accessible and reliably quantifiable in plasma and dried blood spots, enables the elucidation of GD molecular pathogenesis, is diagnostically valuable, and reflects therapeutic responses. Evidentiary standards appropriate for verifying inter-laboratory lyso-Gb1 concentrations in plasma and in other anatomical sites are needed.
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Glucocerebrosidase: Functions in and Beyond the Lysosome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030736. [PMID: 32182893 PMCID: PMC7141376 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is a retaining β-glucosidase with acid pH optimum metabolizing the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to ceramide and glucose. Inherited deficiency of GCase causes the lysosomal storage disorder named Gaucher disease (GD). In GCase-deficient GD patients the accumulation of GlcCer in lysosomes of tissue macrophages is prominent. Based on the above, the key function of GCase as lysosomal hydrolase is well recognized, however it has become apparent that GCase fulfills in the human body at least one other key function beyond lysosomes. Crucially, GCase generates ceramides from GlcCer molecules in the outer part of the skin, a process essential for optimal skin barrier property and survival. This review covers the functions of GCase in and beyond lysosomes and also pays attention to the increasing insight in hitherto unexpected catalytic versatility of the enzyme.
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van Meel E, Bos E, van der Lienden MJC, Overkleeft HS, van Kasteren SI, Koster AJ, Aerts JMFG. Localization of active endogenous and exogenous β-glucocerebrosidase by correlative light-electron microscopy in human fibroblasts. Traffic 2019; 20:346-356. [PMID: 30895685 PMCID: PMC6519279 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) is the enzyme that degrades glucosylceramide in lysosomes. Defects in GBA that result in overall loss of enzymatic activity give rise to the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of glucosylceramide in tissue macrophages. Gaucher disease is currently treated by infusion of mannose receptor-targeted recombinant GBA. The recombinant GBA is thought to reach the lysosomes of macrophages, based on the impressive clinical response that is observed in Gaucher patients (type 1) receiving this enzyme replacement therapy. In this study, we used cyclophellitol-derived activity-based probes (ABPs) with a fluorescent reporter that irreversibly bind to the catalytic pocket of GBA, to visualize the active enzymes in a correlative microscopy approach. The uptake of pre-labeled recombinant enzyme was monitored by fluorescence and electron microscopy in human fibroblasts that stably expressed the mannose receptor. The endogenous active enzyme was simultaneously visualized by in situ labeling with the ABP containing an orthogonal fluorophore. This method revealed the efficient delivery of recombinant GBA to lysosomal target compartments that contained endogenous active enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline van Meel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
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van der Lienden MJC, Gaspar P, Boot R, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E66. [PMID: 30586924 PMCID: PMC6337583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrophages and secreted into the circulation were identified, among which glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB). This review focusses on the emerging potential of GPNMB as a biomarker of stressed macrophages in LSDs as well as in acquired pathologies accompanied by an excessive lysosomal substrate load in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Kuo CL, van Meel E, Kytidou K, Kallemeijn WW, Witte M, Overkleeft HS, Artola ME, Aerts JM. Activity-Based Probes for Glycosidases: Profiling and Other Applications. Methods Enzymol 2017; 598:217-235. [PMID: 29306436 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidases mediate the fragmentation of glycoconjugates in the body, including the vital recycling of endogenous molecules. Several inherited diseases in man concern deficiencies in lysosomal glycosidases degrading glycosphingolipids. Prominent is Gaucher disease caused by an impaired lysosomal β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase, GBA) and resulting in pathological lysosomal storage of glucosylceramide (glucocerebroside) in tissue macrophages. GBA is a retaining glucosidase with a characteristic glycosyl-enzyme intermediate formed during catalysis. Using the natural suicide inhibitor cyclophellitol as a lead, we developed mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors of GBA equipped with a fluorescent reporter. These reagents covalently link to the catalytic nucleophile residue of GBA and permit specific and sensitive visualization of active enzyme molecules. The amphiphilic activity-based probes (ABPs) allow in situ detection of active GBA in cells and organisms. Furthermore, they may be used to biochemically confirm the diagnosis of Gaucher disease and they might assist in screening for small compounds interacting with the catalytic pocket. While the focus of this chapter is ABPs for β-glucosidases and Gaucher disease, the described concept has meanwhile been extended to other retaining glycosidases and related disease conditions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lin Kuo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van Meel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kassiani Kytidou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Witte
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marta Elena Artola
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Guedes LC, Chan RB, Gomes MA, Conceição VA, Machado RB, Soares T, Xu Y, Gaspar P, Carriço JA, Alcalay RN, Ferreira JJ, Outeiro TF, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G. Serum lipid alterations in GBA-associated Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 44:58-65. [PMID: 28890071 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in the GBA gene, encoding for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, are associated with Gaucher disease. Alterations in plasma sphingolipids have been reported in Gaucher, and similarly in brain extracts in Lewy body disease. As GBA mutations are prevalent risk factors for Parkinson's disease and overlap of molecular pathways are presumable, here we assessed the lipid profiles in Parkinson's patients with and without GBA mutations. METHODS We sequenced all GBA exons in 415 Parkinson's patients, previously genotyped for LRRK2. 64 patients (29 GBA positive vs. 35 non-GBA-carriers including 18 LRRK2 positive and 17 non-mutated) were analyzed for chitotriosidase activity and for the concentration of 40 lipid classes using HPLC-MS. RESULTS 29/415 patients (6.9%) carried 8 different GBA mutations associated with Gaucher or Parkinson's, including one novel mutation. Chitotriosidase activity was similar across the genetic groups, while the levels of key lipids were altered in GBA mutation carriers: Monohexosylceramide, Ceramide and Sphingomyelin were elevated; while Phosphatidic acid (PA), Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine (PEp) and Acyl Phosphatidylglycerol (AcylPG) were decreased. CONCLUSION The results suggest an important role for these lipids in GBA mediated Parkinson's disease and assist in the identification of common pathways between Gaucher and Parkinson's. Ultimately, our findings may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers for individuals at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Correia Guedes
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria- CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcos António Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vasco A Conceição
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Bouça Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Soares
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Lysosome and Peroxisome Biology Unit (UniLiPe), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Joao André Carriço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Microbiologia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltenyi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Laboratorio de Genetica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Portuguese Reference Center of Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Hospital Senhora de Oliveira Guimaraes / University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Elstein D, Mellgard B, Dinh Q, Lan L, Qiu Y, Cozma C, Eichler S, Böttcher T, Zimran A. Reductions in glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) in treatment-naïve and previously treated patients receiving velaglucerase alfa for type 1 Gaucher disease: Data from phase 3 clinical trials. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:113-120. [PMID: 28851512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder, arises from mutations in the GBA1 (β-glucocerebrosidase) gene, resulting in glucosylceramide accumulation in tissue macrophages. Lyso-Gb1 (glucosylsphingosine, lyso-GL1), a downstream metabolic product of glucosylceramide, has been identified as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with GD. This retrospective, exploratory analysis of data from phase 3 clinical trials of velaglucerase alfa in patients with type 1 GD evaluated the potential of lyso-Gb1 as a specific and sensitive biomarker for GD. A total of 22 treatment-naïve patients and 21 patients previously treated with imiglucerase (switch patients) were included in the analysis. Overall, demographics between the two groups were similar. Mean lyso-Gb1 concentrations were reduced by 302.2ng/mL from baseline to week 209 in treatment-naïve patients and by 57.3ng/mL from baseline to week 161 in switch patients, corresponding to relative reductions of 82.7% and 52.0%, respectively. In both the treatment-naïve and switch groups, baseline mean lyso-Gb1 was higher for patients with at least one N370S mutation (363.9ng/mL and 90.7ng/mL, respectively) than for patients with non-N370S mutations (184.6ng/mL and 28.3ng/mL, respectively). Moderate correlations between decreasing lyso-Gb1 levels and increasing platelet counts, and with decreasing spleen volumes, were observed at some time points in the treatment-naïve group but not in the switch group. These findings support the utility of lyso-Gb1 as a sensitive and reliable biomarker for GD, and suggest that quantitation of this biomarker could serve as an indicator of disease burden and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quinn Dinh
- Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, USA.
| | - Lan Lan
- Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, USA.
| | | | - Claudia Cozma
- Centogene AG, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Jian J, Tian QY, Hettinghouse A, Zhao S, Liu H, Wei J, Grunig G, Zhang W, Setchell KDR, Sun Y, Overkleeft HS, Chan GL, Liu CJ. Progranulin Recruits HSP70 to β-Glucocerebrosidase and Is Therapeutic Against Gaucher Disease. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:212-224. [PMID: 27789271 PMCID: PMC5264254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disease, is caused by mutations in GBA1 encoding of β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Recently it was reported that progranulin (PGRN) insufficiency and deficiency associated with GD in human and mice, respectively. However the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report that PGRN binds directly to GCase and its deficiency results in aggregation of GCase and its receptor LIMP2. Mass spectrometry approaches identified HSP70 as a GCase/LIMP2 complex-associated protein upon stress, with PGRN as an indispensable adaptor. Additionally, 98 amino acids of C-terminal PGRN, referred to as Pcgin, are required and sufficient for the binding to GCase and HSP70. Pcgin effectively ameliorates the disease phenotype in GD patient fibroblasts and animal models. These findings not only demonstrate that PGRN is a co-chaperone of HSP70 and plays an important role in GCase lysosomal localization, but may also provide new therapeutic interventions for lysosomal storage diseases, in particular GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Jian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Qing-Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Helen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Jianlu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald L Chan
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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13
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Jian J, Zhao S, Tian QY, Liu H, Zhao Y, Chen WC, Grunig G, Torres PA, Wang BC, Zeng B, Pastores G, Tang W, Sun Y, Grabowski GA, Kong MX, Wang G, Chen Y, Liang F, Overkleeft HS, Saunders-Pullman R, Chan GL, Liu CJ. Association Between Progranulin and Gaucher Disease. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:127-137. [PMID: 27515686 PMCID: PMC5049935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene which result in reduced enzymatic activity of β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). This study identified the progranulin (PGRN) gene (GRN) as another gene associated with GD. METHODS Serum levels of PGRN were measured from 115 GD patients and 99 healthy controls, whole GRN gene from 40 GD patients was sequenced, and the genotyping of 4 SNPs identified in GD patients was performed in 161 GD and 142 healthy control samples. Development of GD in PGRN-deficient mice was characterized, and the therapeutic effect of rPGRN on GD analyzed. FINDINGS Serum PGRN levels were significantly lower in GD patients (96.65±53.45ng/ml) than those in healthy controls of the general population (164.99±43.16ng/ml, p<0.0001) and of Ashkenazi Jews (150.64±33.99ng/ml, p<0.0001). Four GRN gene SNPs, including rs4792937, rs78403836, rs850713, and rs5848, and three point mutations, were identified in a full-length GRN gene sequencing in 40 GD patients. Large scale SNP genotyping in 161 GD and 142 healthy controls was conducted and the four SNP sites have significantly higher frequency in GD patients. In addition, "aged" and challenged adult PGRN null mice develop GD-like phenotypes, including typical Gaucher-like cells in lung, spleen, and bone marrow. Moreover, lysosomes in PGRN KO mice exhibit a tubular-like appearance. PGRN is required for the lysosomal appearance of GCase and its deficiency leads to GCase accumulation in the cytoplasm. More importantly, recombinant PGRN is therapeutic in various animal models of GD and human fibroblasts from GD patients. INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrates an unknown association between PGRN and GD and identifies PGRN as an essential factor for GCase's lysosomal localization. These findings not only provide new insight into the pathogenesis of GD, but may also have implications for diagnosis and alternative targeted therapies for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Jian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Qing-Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Helen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
| | - Paola A Torres
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Betty C Wang
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Bai Zeng
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Gregory Pastores
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A Grabowski
- The Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Max Xiangtian Kong
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale university, 830 West Campus Drive, Orange, CT 06477, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Depression Evaluation Service, New York, State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Microscope Core Facility, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald L Chan
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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14
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Horowitz M, Elstein D, Zimran A, Goker-Alpan O. New Directions in Gaucher Disease. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1121-1136. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Horowitz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Israel
| | - Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
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15
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Vanier MT, Gissen P, Bauer P, Coll MJ, Burlina A, Hendriksz CJ, Latour P, Goizet C, Welford RWD, Marquardt T, Kolb SA. Diagnostic tests for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C): A critical review. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 118:244-54. [PMID: 27339554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a neurovisceral lysosomal cholesterol trafficking and lipid storage disorder caused by mutations in one of the two genes, NPC1 or NPC2. Diagnosis has often been a difficult task, due to the wide range in age of onset of NP-C and clinical presentation of the disease, combined with the complexity of the cell biology (filipin) laboratory testing, even in combination with genetic testing. This has led to substantial delays in diagnosis, largely depending on the access to specialist centres and the level of knowledge about NP-C of the physician in the area. In recent years, advances in mass spectrometry has allowed identification of several sensitive plasma biomarkers elevated in NP-C (e.g. cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, lysosphingomyelin isoforms and bile acid metabolites), which, together with the concomitant progress in molecular genetic technology, have greatly impacted the strategy of laboratory testing. Specificity of the biomarkers is currently under investigation and other pathologies are being found to also result in elevations. Molecular genetic testing also has its limitations, notably with unidentified mutations and the classification of new variants. This review is intended to increase awareness on the currently available approaches to laboratory diagnosis of NP-C, to provide an up to date, comprehensive and critical evaluation of the various techniques (cell biology, biochemical biomarkers and molecular genetics), and to briefly discuss ongoing/future developments. The use of current tests in proper combination enables a rapid and correct diagnosis in a large majority of cases. However, even with recent progress, definitive diagnosis remains challenging in some patients, for whom combined genetic/biochemical/cytochemical markers do not provide a clear answer. Expertise and reference laboratories thus remain essential, and further work is still required to fulfill unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Vanier
- INSERM Unit 820, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratoire Gillet-Mérieux, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France.
| | - Paul Gissen
- UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maria J Coll
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Spain.
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, 35129 Padova, Italy.
| | - Christian J Hendriksz
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Salford, Manchester M68HD, UK; University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Philippe Latour
- UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France.
| | - Cyril Goizet
- CHU Bordeaux, Department of Medical Genetics, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INSERM Unit 1211, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Richard W D Welford
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Unit for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Stefan A Kolb
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
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16
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Kramer G, Wegdam W, Donker-Koopman W, Ottenhoff R, Gaspar P, Verhoek M, Nelson J, Gabriel T, Kallemeijn W, Boot RG, Laman JD, Vissers JPC, Cox T, Pavlova E, Moran MT, Aerts JM, van Eijk M. Elevation of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in type 1 Gaucher disease patients and mouse models. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:902-13. [PMID: 27642553 PMCID: PMC5011488 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is caused by inherited deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. Proteome analysis of laser‐dissected splenic Gaucher cells revealed increased amounts of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (gpNMB). Plasma gpNMB was also elevated, correlating with chitotriosidase and CCL18, which are established markers for human Gaucher cells. In Gaucher mice, gpNMB is also produced by Gaucher cells. Correction of glucocerebrosidase deficiency in mice by gene transfer or pharmacological substrate reduction reverses gpNMB abnormalities. In conclusion, gpNMB acts as a marker for glucosylceramide‐laden macrophages in man and mouse and gpNMB should be considered as candidate biomarker for Gaucher disease in treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertjan Kramer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands; European Molecular Biology Laboratory Germany
| | - Wouter Wegdam
- Department of Gynecology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Donker-Koopman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Organelle Biogenesis & Function Group Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Porto Portugal; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC) Universidade do Porto Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) Universidade do Porto Portugal
| | - Marri Verhoek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Nelson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tanit Gabriel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Neuroscience University Medical Center Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Timothy Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UK
| | - Elena Pavlova
- Department of Internal Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UK
| | | | - Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
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17
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Ferraz MJ, Marques ARA, Gaspar P, Mirzaian M, van Roomen C, Ottenhoff R, Alfonso P, Irún P, Giraldo P, Wisse P, Sá Miranda C, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JM. Lyso-glycosphingolipid abnormalities in different murine models of lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:186-93. [PMID: 26750750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In lysosomal glycosphingolipid storage disorders, marked elevations in corresponding glycosphingoid bases (lyso-glycosphingolipids) have been reported, such as galactosylsphingosine in Krabbe disease, glucosylsphingosine in Gaucher disease and globotriaosylsphingosine in Fabry disease. Using LC–MS/MS, we comparatively investigated the occurrence of abnormal lyso-glycosphingolipids in tissues and plasma of mice with deficiencies in lysosomal α-galactosidase A, glucocerebrosidase and galactocerebrosidase. The nature and specificity of lyso-glycosphingolipid abnormalities are reported and compared to that in correspondingly more abundant N-acylated glycosphingolipids. Specific elevations in tissue and plasma globotriaosylsphingosine were detected in α-galactosidase A-deficient mice; glucosylsphingosine in glucocerebrosidase-deficient mice and galactosylsphingosine in galactocerebrosidase-deficient animals. A similar investigation was conducted for two mouse models of Niemann Pick type C (Npc1nih and Npc1nmf164), revealing significant tissue elevation of several neutral glycosphingolipids and concomitant increased plasma glucosylsphingosine. This latter finding was recapitulated by analysis of plasma of NPC patients. The value of plasma glucosylsphingosine in biochemical confirmation of the diagnosis of NPC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André R A Marques
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Organelle Biogenesis & Function Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Lysosome and Peroxisome Biology Unit (UniLiPe), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Alfonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Giraldo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patrick Wisse
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Sá Miranda
- Organelle Biogenesis & Function Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Lysosome and Peroxisome Biology Unit (UniLiPe), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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18
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Malini E, Zampieri S, Deganuto M, Romanello M, Sechi A, Bembi B, Dardis A. Role of LIMP-2 in the intracellular trafficking of β-glucosidase in different human cellular models. FASEB J 2015; 29:3839-52. [PMID: 26018676 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-271148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acid β-glucosidase (GCase), the enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease (GD), is transported to lysosomes by the lysosomal integral membrane protein (LIMP)-2. In humans, LIMP-2 deficiency leads to action myoclonus-renal failure (AMRF) syndrome. GD and AMRF syndrome share some clinical features. However, they are different from clinical and biochemical points of view, suggesting that the role of LIMP-2 in the targeting of GCase would be different in different tissues. Besides, the role of LIMP-2 in the uptake and trafficking of the human recombinant (hr)GCase used in the treatment of GD is unknown. Thus, we compared GCase activity and intracellular localization in immortalized lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and a neuronal model derived from multipotent adult stem cells, from a patient with AMRF syndrome, patients with GD, and control subjects. In fibroblasts and neuronlike cells, GCase targeting to the lysosomes is completely dependent on LIMP-2, whereas in blood cells, GCase is partially targeted to lysosomes by a LIMP-2-independent mechanism. Although hrGCase cellular uptake is independent of LIMP-2, its trafficking to the lysosomes is mediated by this receptor. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the intracellular trafficking of GCase and in the pathogeneses of GD and AMRF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Malini
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Zampieri
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Deganuto
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Milena Romanello
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sechi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
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19
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Kallemeijn WW, Witte MD, Wennekes T, Aerts JMFG. Mechanism-based inhibitors of glycosidases: design and applications. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 71:297-338. [PMID: 25480507 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800128-8.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article covers recent developments in the design and application of activity-based probes (ABPs) for glycosidases, with emphasis on the different enzymes involved in metabolism of glucosylceramide in humans. Described are the various catalytic reaction mechanisms employed by inverting and retaining glycosidases. An understanding of catalysis at the molecular level has stimulated the design of different types of ABPs for glycosidases. Such compounds range from (1) transition-state mimics tagged with reactive moieties, which associate with the target active site—forming covalent bonds in a relatively nonspecific manner in or near the catalytic pocket—to (2) enzyme substrates that exploit the catalytic mechanism of retaining glycosidase targets to release a highly reactive species within the active site of the enzyme, to (3) probes based on mechanism-based, covalent, and irreversible glycosidase inhibitors. Some applications in biochemical and biological research of the activity-based glycosidase probes are discussed, including specific quantitative visualization of active enzyme molecules in vitro and in vivo, and as strategies for unambiguously identifying catalytic residues in glycosidases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin D Witte
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Zhao Y, Ren J, Padilla-Parra S, Fry EE, Stuart DI. Lysosome sorting of β-glucocerebrosidase by LIMP-2 is targeted by the mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4321. [PMID: 25027712 PMCID: PMC4104448 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The integral membrane protein LIMP-2 has been a paradigm for mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) independent lysosomal targeting, binding to β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GCase) and directing it to the lysosome, before dissociating in the late-endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Here we report structural results illuminating how LIMP-2 binds and releases β-GCase according to changes in pH, via a histidine trigger, and suggesting that LIMP-2 localizes the ceramide portion of the substrate adjacent to the β-GCase catalytic site. Remarkably, we find that LIMP-2 bears P-Man9GlcNAc2 covalently attached to residue N325, and that it binds MPR, via mannose 6-phosphate, with a similar affinity to that observed between LIMP-2 and β-GCase. The binding sites for β-GCase and the MPR are functionally separate, so that a stable ternary complex can be formed. By fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, we also demonstrate that LIMP-2 interacts with MPR in living cells. These results revise the accepted view of LIMP-2-β-GCase lysosomal targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sergi Padilla-Parra
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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