1
|
Zhuang D, Wang S, Deng H, Shi Y, Liu C, Leng X, Zhang Q, Bai F, Zheng B, Guo J, Wu X. Phenformin activates ER stress to promote autophagic cell death via NIBAN1 and DDIT4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma independent of AMPK. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:35. [PMID: 38719825 PMCID: PMC11079060 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficient clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still a challenge that demands the development of effective new drugs. Phenformin has been shown to produce more potent anti-tumor activities than metformin on different tumors, however, not much is known about the influence of phenformin on OSCC cells. We found that phenformin suppresses OSCC cell proliferation, and promotes OSCC cell autophagy and apoptosis to significantly inhibit OSCC cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. RNA-seq analysis revealed that autophagy pathways were the main targets of phenformin and identified two new targets DDIT4 (DNA damage inducible transcript 4) and NIBAN1 (niban apoptosis regulator 1). We found that phenformin significantly induces the expression of both DDIT4 and NIBAN1 to promote OSCC autophagy. Further, the enhanced expression of DDIT4 and NIBAN1 elicited by phenformin was not blocked by the knockdown of AMPK but was suppressed by the knockdown of transcription factor ATF4 (activation transcription factor 4), which was induced by phenformin treatment in OSCC cells. Mechanistically, these results revealed that phenformin triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to activate PERK (protein kinase R-like ER kinase), which phosphorylates the transitional initial factor eIF2, and the increased phosphorylation of eIF2 leads to the increased translation of ATF4. In summary, we discovered that phenformin induces its new targets DDIT4 and especially NIBAN1 to promote autophagic and apoptotic cell death to suppress OSCC cell growth. Our study supports the potential clinical utility of phenformin for OSCC treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexuan Zhuang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Huiting Deng
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Leng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xunwei Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alsoghier A, Alnutaifi A, Alotaibi O, Alotaibi A, Alharbi A, Almubarak N, Albassam S. Barriers and facilitators for oral health screening among tobacco users: a mixed-methods study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:306. [PMID: 38443882 PMCID: PMC10913556 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tobacco consumption adversely affects general and oral health and is considered one of the significant public health burdens globally. The present study aims to assess the barriers and facilitators for attending oral and dental health screening among tobacco users who seek cessation advice. METHODOLOGY The present mixed-methods study used group concept mapping (GCM) to identify the facilitators/barriers to attending oral health screening among young adults attending face-to-face and virtual Tobacco Cessation Clinic at King Saud University (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between September 2022 and April 2023. Study investigators included healthcare social workers, dental interns, and oral and maxillofacial medicinists. Information about demographics, general health, oral/dental health and tobacco use were collected using self-completed questionnaires. The barriers and facilitators were assessed following GCM by brainstorming, sorting, rating, and interpretation activities. Descriptive, multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to describe the study participants and produce concept maps of the generated statements. RESULTS The study included 148 participants who generated 67 statements summarised into 28 statements as facilitators or barriers. Based on a 5-point importance scale, the participants indicated the importance of facilitators under health-related cluster [e.g. when I feel pain] as the highest, followed by personal [e.g. to maintain my mouth hygiene], social [e.g. the quality of treatment] and financial clusters [e.g. the reasonable cost]. Concerning barriers, financial factors [e.g. high cost] acted as the highest-rated barrier, followed by personal [e.g. lack of dental appointments] and health-related [e.g. worry that dental problems will worsen]. The social factors were the least considerable barrier [e.g. lack of time]. Clustering these facilitators/barriers on the concept map indicated their conceptual similarity by an average stress value of 0.23. CONCLUSION Pain was the most important facilitator to attending oral health screening by young adults seeking tobacco cessation advice. Notable barriers included the high cost of dental treatment and the lack of scheduled appointments. Thus, oral health care providers need to consider scheduling periodic and timely dental check-ups to prevent and reduce the burden of tobacco-associated and pain-causing oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsoghier
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman Alnutaifi
- Dental Internship Training Programme, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Alotaibi
- Dental Internship Training Programme, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alotaibi
- Dental Internship Training Programme, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alharbi
- Smoking Cessation Clinic, Counselling and Guidance Center, Deanship of Student Affairs, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Almubarak
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Social Studies Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Albassam
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Espressivo A, Pan ZS, Usher-Smith JA, Harrison H. Risk Prediction Models for Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:617. [PMID: 38339366 PMCID: PMC10854942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last 30 years, there has been an increasing incidence of oral cancer worldwide. Earlier detection of oral cancer has been shown to improve survival rates. However, given the relatively low prevalence of this disease, population-wide screening is likely to be inefficient. Risk prediction models could be used to target screening to those at highest risk or to select individuals for preventative interventions. This review (a) systematically identified published models that predict the development of oral cancer and are suitable for use in the general population and (b) described and compared the identified models, focusing on their development, including risk factors, performance and applicability to risk-stratified screening. A search was carried out in November 2022 in the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify primary research papers that report the development or validation of models predicting the risk of developing oral cancer (cancers of the oral cavity or oropharynx). The PROBAST tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the identified studies and the applicability of the models they describe. The search identified 11,222 articles, of which 14 studies (describing 23 models), satisfied the eligibility criteria of this review. The most commonly included risk factors were age (n = 20), alcohol consumption (n = 18) and smoking (n = 17). Six of the included models incorporated genetic information and three used biomarkers as predictors. Including information on human papillomavirus status was shown to improve model performance; however, this was only included in a small number of models. Most of the identified models (n = 13) showed good or excellent discrimination (AUROC > 0.7). Only fourteen models had been validated and only two of these validations were carried out in populations distinct from the model development population (external validation). Conclusions: Several risk prediction models have been identified that could be used to identify individuals at the highest risk of oral cancer within the context of screening programmes. However, external validation of these models in the target population is required, and, subsequently, an assessment of the feasibility of implementation with a risk-stratified screening programme for oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aufia Espressivo
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK; (Z.S.P.); (J.A.U.-S.); (H.H.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sykes EA, Weisbrod N, Rival E, Haque A, Fu R, Eskander A. Methods, Detection Rates, and Survival Outcomes of Screening for Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 149:1047-1056. [PMID: 37796524 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are often diagnosed at advanced clinical stages during their symptomatic phase, leading to a reduced treatment window and poor survival. Screening programs have been suggested as a mitigation strategy. Objective To examine the effectiveness of current HNC screening programs in improving diagnosis and survival in adults. Evidence Review This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses-guided systematic review involved use of peer-reviewed, English-language journal articles identified from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between January 1, 2001, and July 15, 2022. Snowballing was applied to retrieve more studies. Eligible articles were original clinical trials and observational studies presenting a universal or risk-targeted screening program of primary HNC in the adult population. Reporting quality was assessed using the JBI's critical appraisal tools. Findings Database searches yielded 3646 unique citations with an additional 8 studies found via snowballing. Five reviewers assessed the full text of 106 studies. Sixteen articles were ultimately included in the review, involving 4.7 million adults (34.1%-100% male; median age, 30-59 years). Fifteen studies were based in Asia and 1 in Europe (Portugal). Five reported data from randomized clinical trials. An oral inspection conducted once or once every 2 to 3 years was described in 11 studies for screening oral cancer, while multistep screening involving Epstein-Barr virus serologic testing for nasopharyngeal carcinoma delivered every 1 to 4 years was presented in 5. In 4 trials and 6 observational studies, screening significantly increased the detection of localized (stage I/II) tumor or was associated with an increased proportion of diagnoses, respectively, regardless of the population and cancer subsites. Universal screening of asymptomatic adults improved 3- to 5-year overall survival but did not increase cancer-specific survival in 4 trials. Targeted screening improved overall and cancer-specific survival or was associated with improved survival outcomes in 2 trials and 2 observational studies, respectively. Studies had low to medium risks of bias. Conclusions and Relevance Evidence from the existing literature suggests that a risk-targeted screening program for oral and nasopharyngeal cancers could improve diagnosis and patient survival. Screening adherence, societal cost-effectiveness, and optimal risk stratification of such a program warrant future research, especially in low-incidence settings outside Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Sykes
- Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Weisbrod
- Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ella Rival
- Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aminul Haque
- Department of Dental & Faciomaxillary Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuan W, Yang J, Yin B, Fan X, Yang J, Sun H, Liu Y, Su M, Li S, Huang X. Noninvasive diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by multi-level deep residual learning on optical coherence tomography images. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3223-3231. [PMID: 35842738 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most severe cancers in the world, and its early detection is crucial for saving patients. There is an inevitable necessity to develop the automatic noninvasive OSCC diagnosis approach to identify the malignant tissues on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images. METHODS This study presents a novel Multi-Level Deep Residual Learning (MDRL) network to identify malignant and benign(normal) tissues from OCT images and trains the network in 460 OCT images captured from 37 patients. The diagnostic performances are compared with different methods in the image-level and the resected patch-level. RESULTS The MDRL system achieves the excellent diagnostic performance, with 91.2% sensitivity, 83.6% specificity, 87.5% accuracy, 85.3% PPV, and 90.2% NPV in image-level, with 0.92 AUC value. Besides, it also implements 100% sensitivity, 86.7% specificity, 93.1% accuracy, 87.5% PPV, and 100% NPV in the resected patch-level. CONCLUSION The developed deep learning system expresses superior performance in noninvasive oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis, compared with traditional CNNs and a specialist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsuo Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lai TY, Ko YC, Chen YL, Lin SF. The Way to Malignant Transformation: Can Epigenetic Alterations Be Used to Diagnose Early-Stage Head and Neck Cancer? Biomedicines 2023; 11:1717. [PMID: 37371812 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying and treating tumors early is the key to secondary prevention in cancer control. At present, prevention of oral cancer is still challenging because the molecular drivers responsible for malignant transformation of the 11 clinically defined oral potentially malignant disorders are still unknown. In this review, we focused on studies that elucidate the epigenetic alterations demarcating malignant and nonmalignant epigenomes and prioritized findings from clinical samples. Head and neck included, the genomes of many cancer types are largely hypomethylated and accompanied by focal hypermethylation on certain specific regions. We revisited prior studies that demonstrated that sufficient uptake of folate, the primary dietary methyl donor, is associated with oral cancer reduction. As epigenetically driven phenotypic plasticity, a newly recognized hallmark of cancer, has been linked to tumor initiation, cell fate determination, and drug resistance, we discussed prior findings that might be associated with this hallmark, including gene clusters (11q13.3, 19q13.43, 20q11.2, 22q11-13) with great potential for oral cancer biomarkers, and successful examples in screening early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although one-size-fits-all approaches have been shown to be ineffective in most cancer therapies, the rapid development of epigenome sequencing methods raises the possibility that this nonmutagenic approach may be an exception. Only time will tell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Ko
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lian Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Su-Fang Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mavedatnia D, Cuddy K, Klieb H, Blanas N, Goodman J, Gilbert M, Eskander A. Oral cancer screening knowledge and practices among dental professionals at the University of Toronto. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:343. [PMID: 37254183 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opportunistic oral cancer screening during visits to the dentist is a non-invasive and accessible option for detection of pre-malignant lesions and early-stage malignancies. The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards oral cancer screening among dentists. METHODS A 42-item survey was sent to 650 dental professionals affiliated with the University of Toronto. Data regarding training/practice characteristics, knowledge of oral cavity cancer, current screening practices, attitudes towards screening, and remuneration were collected. RESULTS Ninety-one dentists responded. Most obtained their dental degree from Canada (71.4%) and were practicing in large urban centers (87.9%). Most dentists correctly identified the oral tongue (87.8%) and floor of mouth (80%) as the two of most common sites of oral cavity cancer but only 56% correctly identified the most common presentation. 91% performed intra/extra oral examinations at every patient visit. Only 9.9% of dentists discussed the risk factors of oral cancer and 33% were not familiar with resources for smoking cessation and alcohol abuse. International medical graduates were more likely to discuss risk factor management than Canadian medical graduates (p < 0.01). Over 80% of dentists referred to a specialist when a suspected lesion was found. The greatest barrier for oral cancer screening was lack of time. Almost all dentists (98.8%) reported that their screening practices do not differ depending on the patient's insurance status and 63.8% reported compensation would not influence their decision to perform oral examinations. CONCLUSION Most dentists have a good knowledge of the presentation and risk factors associated with oral cavity cancer. Most dentists perform screening with every patient, with no influence from compensation and insurance status. Dentists are therefore an excellent first contact for oral cavity cancer screening for the general public and for high-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Cuddy
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai, Princess Margaret and Humber River Hospitals, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hagen Klieb
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Blanas
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jade Goodman
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Gilbert
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baumann E, Koller M, Wenz HJ, Wiltfang J, Hertrampf K. Oral cancer awareness campaign in Northern Germany: successful steps to raise awareness for early detection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04820-0. [PMID: 37131061 PMCID: PMC10374765 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral cancer is an underestimated health problem, and its existence and the relevant prevention measures are not sufficiently known by the general population. The project thus aimed to develop, implement and evaluate an oral cancer campaign in Northern Germany, and to increase problem awareness on various levels: draw public attention to the tumour by media coverage increase awareness of early detection opportunities for the target group, and raise awareness of carrying out early detection measures by the professional groups involved. METHODS For each level, a campaign concept was developed and documented in terms of content and timing. The identified target group was elderly educationally disadvantaged male citizens ≥ 50 years. The evaluation concept for each level included pre-, post- and process evaluations. RESULTS The campaign was carried out from April 2012 to December 2014. The issue of awareness within the target group was significantly increased. Media coverage showed that regional media adopted the topic of oral cancer and placed it on their published agenda. Furthermore, the continuous involvement of the professional groups over the course of the campaign led to an increased awareness of oral cancer. CONCLUSION The development of the campaign concept with a comprehensive evaluation showed that the target group was successfully reached. The campaign was adapted to the required target group and specific conditions, and was also designed to be context sensitive. It is, therefore, recommended that the development and implementation of an oral cancer campaign on a national level be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baumann
- Department of Journalism and Communication Research, Hannover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Germany, Expo Plaza 12, 30539, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Koller
- Centre for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wenz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propedeutics and Dental Materials, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Building B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Building B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Hertrampf
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Building B, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shruti T, Khanna D, Khan A, Dandpat A, Tiwari M, Singh AG, Mishra A, Shetty A, Birur P, Chaturvedi P. Status and Determinants of Early Detection of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions in India. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231159556. [PMID: 36809192 PMCID: PMC9947682 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231159556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been over four decades since the launch of the National Cancer Control Programme in India, yet the cancer screening rates for oral cancer remain unremarkable. Moreover, India is bracing a large burden of oral cancer with poor survival rates. An effective public health programme implementation relies on a multitude of factors related to cost-effective evidence-based interventions, the healthcare delivery system, public health human resource management, community behaviour, partnership with stakeholders, identifying opportunities and political commitment. In this context, we discuss the various challenges in the early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions and potential solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Shruti
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Divya Khanna
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India,Divya Khanna, MD, Department of Preventive
Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi
Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Banaras Hindu University,
Campus, Sundar Bagiya Colony, Sundarpur, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Aqusa Khan
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Dandpat
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Head and Neck
Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi
Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Arjun G. Singh
- Department of Head and Neck
Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Aseem Mishra
- Department of Head and Neck
Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi
Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Praveen Birur
- Department of Oral Medicine and
Radiology, Consultant Biocon Foundation and Integrated Head and Neck Programme,
Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, KLES Institute of Dental
Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Homi Bhabha National
Institute, Anushakti Nagar, India,Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zabala A, Martín-Arregui FJ, Sagazola J, Santaolalla FJ, Santaolalla F. An evaluation of an innovative screening program based on risk criteria for early diagnosis of head and neck cancers. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1004039. [PMID: 36699893 PMCID: PMC9868380 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Head and neck cancer represents 3% of all cancers and is the cause of 5% of the deaths caused by cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of a screening program to diagnose the early phase of the head and neck oncological processes. Methods We have studied 324 asymptomatic patients who had at least one major risk factor (habitual consumption of tobacco or alcohol) or two minor risk factors: family history of head and neck cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, occupational exposure, poor oral hygiene and history of Human Papillomavirus or chronic inflammatory processes of the aerodigestive tract. Family and personal head and neck oncological medical history, ENT exploration, performance of CT scans or biopsies and program procedures were analyzed. Results The most usual referral criteria for being sent to a specialist was being a smoker (98.1%). 10.5% reported family histories of head and neck cancer, 9.9% reported occupational exposure, 7.1% were referred due to poor oral hygiene and 5.9% were referred for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Although being asymptomatic was a requirement for inclusion, we verified that, after the anamnesis, 9.6% of the patients had some symptom to which they did not give importance to 119 patients (36.7%) presented a lesion that potentially could become malignant, located in the larynx and hypopharynx (25%) and in the oral cavity and oropharynx (10.8%). Eighteen patients (5.56%) presented more than one lesion. The detection rate of neoplasia was 1.2% and the detection rate of pre-neoplastic lesions was 4.6%. There did exist a statistically significant ratio between the detection of pre-neoplastic lesions and occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents (p = 0.006), poor oral hygiene (p = 0.01) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (p = 0.007). Samples were taken for a pathological anatomy study in 30 patients (9.25%). In order to follow up the patients, 22.8% were controlled at hospital medical consultations, 11.1% were examined at outpatient consultation and 66% were given appointments for follow-up visits. Conclusions The use of this screening program could be a tool for the early diagnosis of malignant head and neck tumors and to foster healthy habits for cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Zabala
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Basurto University Hospital, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, IIS BioBizkaia, Basque Health Service/Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain,Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martín-Arregui
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Basurto University Hospital, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, IIS BioBizkaia, Basque Health Service/Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain,Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Sagazola
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Basurto University Hospital, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, IIS BioBizkaia, Basque Health Service/Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Santaolalla
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Basurto University Hospital, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, IIS BioBizkaia, Basque Health Service/Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Santaolalla
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Basurto University Hospital, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, IIS BioBizkaia, Basque Health Service/Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain,Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain,*Correspondence: Francisco Santaolalla ✉
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adeoye J, Zheng LW, Thomson P, Choi SW, Su YX. Explainable ensemble learning model improves identification of candidates for oral cancer screening. Oral Oncol 2023; 136:106278. [PMID: 36525782 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artificial intelligence could enhance the use of disparate risk factors (crude method) for better stratification of patients to be screened for oral cancer. This study aims to construct a meta-classifier that considers diverse risk factors to identify patients at risk of oral cancer and other suspicious oral diseases for targeted screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective dataset from a community oral cancer screening program was used to construct and train the novel voting meta-classifier. Comprehensive risk factor information from this dataset was used as input features for eleven supervised learning algorithms which served as base learners and provided predicted probabilities that are weighted and aggregated by the meta-classifier. Training dataset was augmented using SMOTE-ENN. Additionally, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values were generated to implement the explainability of the model and display the important risk factors. RESULTS Our meta-classifier had an internal validation recall, specificity, and AUROC of 0.83, 0.86, and 0.85 for identifying the risk of oral cancer and 0.92, 0.60, and 0.76 for identifying suspicious oral mucosal disease respectively. Upon external validation, the meta-classifier had a significantly higher AUROC than the crude/current method used for identifying the risk of oral cancer (0.78 vs 0.46; p = 0.001) Also, the meta-classifier had better recall than the crude method for predicting the risk of suspicious oral mucosal diseases (0.78 vs 0.47). CONCLUSION Overall, these findings showcase that our approach optimizes the use of risk factors in identifying patients for oral screening which suggests potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Wu Zheng
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Xiong Su
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith CDL, McMahon AD, Ross A, Inman GJ, Conway DI. Risk prediction models for head and neck cancer: A rapid review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1893-1908. [PMID: 36544947 PMCID: PMC9764804 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer risk assessment models are used to support prevention and early detection. However, few models have been developed for head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods A rapid review of Embase and MEDLINE identified n = 3045 articles. Following dual screening, n = 14 studies were included. Quality appraisal using the PROBAST (risk of bias) instrument was conducted, and a narrative synthesis was performed to identify the best performing models in terms of risk factors and designs. Results Six of the 14 models were assessed as "high" quality. Of these, three had high predictive performance achieving area under curve values over 0.8 (0.87-0.89). The common features of these models were their inclusion of predictors carefully tailored to the target population/anatomical subsite and development with external validation. Conclusions Some existing models do possess the potential to identify and stratify those at risk of HNC but there is scope for improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig D. L. Smith
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Alex D. McMahon
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Alastair Ross
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Gareth J. Inman
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - David I. Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parak U, Lopes Carvalho A, Roitberg F, Mandrik O. Effectiveness of screening for oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD): A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:101987. [PMID: 36189128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is a debilitating disease with a high mortality rate when diagnosed in advanced stage. Conversely, early-stage OC has a high survival rate, supporting a need for early detection programmes. A previous systematic review of clinical trials evaluating efficacy of screening for OC was inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to determine the impact of screening for oral lesions on reducing mortality and incidence of OC by looking at a broader spectrum of evidence. The search for randomized controlled trials and observational studies with a control group was conducted in PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, CINAHL and grey literature sources. Risk of bias for included studies was assessed with the tools developed by the Cochrane collaboration. Six out of two identified randomized trials and five observational studies had moderate to high risk of bias. Nevertheless, the predictions on impact of OC screening on incidence and mortality were similar across the majority of the studies. The meta-analysis concluded on a 26% decrease in OC mortality, and an 19% decrease in advanced OC cases as a result of OC screening in high-risk population. Three out of four studies did not identify an impact of screening on OC incidence. No positive impact of OC screening on incidence or mortality among general population was identified in the only available randomized trial. Consistency in the outcomes and the limitations of the few available studies suggest a need for real-life setting research to evaluate the overall effectiveness of screening for OC in high-risk population.
Collapse
Key Words
- CG, Control group
- CI, Confidence interval
- CINAHL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
- COE, Conventional oral examination
- Effectiveness
- Efficacy
- IG, Intervention group
- ISRTCN, International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number
- MSE, Mucosal self-examination
- OC, Oral cancer
- OPMD, Oral potentially malignant disorders
- OR, Odds ratio
- OSF, Oral submucous fibrosis
- Oral cancer
- PYO, Person years of observation
- Premalignant
- RCT, Randomized clinical trial
- ROB, Risk of bias
- ROBINS-I, Risk of bias in non-randomized interventional studies
- RR, Risk ratio/Relative risk
- Screening
- Systematic review
- TB, Toluidine blue
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheung LC, Albert PS, Das S, Cook RJ. Multistate models for the natural history of cancer progression. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1279-1288. [PMID: 35821296 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multistate models can be effectively used to characterise the natural history of cancer. Inference from such models has previously been useful for setting screening policies. METHODS We introduce the basic elements of multistate models and the challenges of applying these models to cancer data. Through simulation studies, we examine (1) the impact of assuming time-homogeneous Markov transition intensities when the intensities depend on the time since entry to the current state (i.e., the process is time-inhomogenous semi-Markov) and (2) the effect on precancer risk estimation when observation times depend on an unmodelled intermediate disease state. RESULTS In the settings we examined, we found that misspecifying a time-inhomogenous semi-Markov process as a time-homogeneous Markov process resulted in biased estimates of the mean sojourn times. When screen-detection of the intermediate disease leads to more frequent future screening assessments, there was minimal bias induced compared to when screen-detection of the intermediate disease leads to less frequent screening. CONCLUSIONS Multistate models are useful for estimating parameters governing the process dynamics in cancer such as transition rates, sojourn time distributions, and absolute and relative risks. As with most statistical models, to avoid incorrect inference, care should be given to use the appropriate specifications and assumptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li C Cheung
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Paul S Albert
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shrutikona Das
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Cook
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marbaniang I, Joshi S, Sangle S, Khaire S, Thakur R, Chavan A, Gupte N, Kulkarni V, Deshpande P, Nimkar S, Mave V. Smokeless tobacco use and oral potentially malignant disorders among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Pune, India: Implications for oral cancer screening in PLHIV. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270876. [PMID: 35788753 PMCID: PMC9255739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In India, smokeless tobacco (SLT) is a predominant form of tobacco used among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite SLT being a risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), no prior studies have quantified the association of OPMDs with SLT use among PLHIV. This limits the planning of preventive and control strategies for oral cancer among PLHIV, who are at higher risk for the disease. METHODS We enrolled 601 PLHIV and 633 HIV-uninfected individuals in an oral cancer screening study at BJ Government Medical College, Pune, India. Oral cavity images were collected using an m-Health application and reviewed by three clinicians. Participants with two clinician positive diagnoses were deemed to have suspected OPMDs. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to quantify the association between suspected OPMDs and SLT use among PLHIV. PRs for current SLT users, across HIV status and use duration were also estimated. Corrected PRs were obtained by modifying the maximum likelihood estimation. Models were adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol use and CD4 counts. RESULTS Of those enrolled, 61% were men, median age was 36 years (IQR: 28-44), and 33% currently use SLT. Proportion of current SLT users was similar across PLHIV and HIV-uninfected groups but use duration for current SLT use was higher among PLHIV(p<0.05). Among PLHIV, current SLT users had a 5-times (95% CI:3.1-7.0) higher prevalence of suspected OPMDs, compared to non-users. Relative to HIV uninfected individuals with the same SLT use duration, significant associations with suspected OPMDs were seen for PLHIV with<10 use years (PR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.5-8.1) but not for PLHIV with≥10 use years (PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9-1.8). CONCLUSION PLHIV that are current SLT users are at high risk of OPMDs and potentially oral cancer. The development of strategies for screening, early detection, and management of OPMDs must be considered for this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marbaniang
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College – Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
- Department of Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Samir Joshi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Shashikala Sangle
- Department of Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Samir Khaire
- Department of Dentistry, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Rahul Thakur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Amol Chavan
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College – Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College – Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
- Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vandana Kulkarni
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College – Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Prasad Deshpande
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College – Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Smita Nimkar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College – Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Vidya Mave
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College – Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
- Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stankūnas M, Pärna K, Tisler A, Ķīvīte-Urtāne A, Kojalo U, Zodzika J, Baltzer N, Nygard J, Nygard M, Uuskula A. Cervical Cancer in the Baltic States: Can Intelligent and Personalised Cancer Screening Change the Situation? Acta Med Litu 2022; 29:19-26. [PMID: 36061942 PMCID: PMC9428648 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2022.29.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) are among the European Union countries with the highest incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer. In order to tackle this public health challenge, there is an urgent need to implement more advanced and effective methods in cervical cancer prevention in Baltic countries. Nationwide cervical cancer screening programs in the Baltic States commenced in 2004–2009. While the organized screening programs in these countries differ in some relevant details (target age groups, screening interval), the underlying principles and problems, barriers are universal. However, the outcomes of present screening programs are unsatisfactory. In addition, universal screening programs are extremely costly. There is a potential need for more intelligent and personalized cervical cancer screening program. In 2019 the project “Towards elimination of cervical cancer: intelligent and personalized solutions for cancer screening” (2020–2023) was developed with the main objective – to develop improved and personalized cancer screening methods within a sustainable health care system. It is expected, that more sophisticated cervical cancer screening model will be implemented in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and will have a positive impact to epidemiology of cervical cancer and public health in general.
Collapse
|
17
|
Adeoye J, Sakeen Alkandari A, Tan JY, Wang W, Zhu WY, Thomson P, Zheng LW, Choi SW, Su YX. Performance of a simplified scoring system for risk stratification in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:464-473. [PMID: 35312123 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impact and efficiency of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening are most realized in "at-risk" individuals. However, tools that can provide essential knowledge on individuals' risks are not applied in risk-based screening. This study aims to optimize a simplified risk scoring system for risk stratification in organized oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening. METHODS Participants were invited to attend a community-based oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening program in Hong Kong. Visual oral examination was performed for all attendees and information on sociodemographic characteristics as well as habitual, lifestyle, familial, and comorbidity risk factors were obtained. Individuals' status of those found to have suspicious lesions following biopsy and histopathology were classified as positive/negative and this outcome was used in a multiple logistic regression analysis with variables collected during screening. Odds ratio weightings were then used to develop a simplified risk scoring system which was validated in an external cohort. RESULTS Of 979 participants, 4.5% had positive status following confirmatory diagnosis. A 12-variable simplified risk scoring system with weightings was generated with an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.82, 0.71, and 0.78 for delineating high-risk cases. Further optimization on the validation cohort of 491 participants yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 and 0.87 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The simplified risk scoring system was able to stratify oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders risk with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity and can be applied in risk-based disease screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Abdulrahman Sakeen Alkandari
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jia Yan Tan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Weilan Wang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wang-Yong Zhu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li-Wu Zheng
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yu-Xiong Su
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hertrampf K, Jürgensen M, Wahl S, Baumann E, Wenz H, Wiltfang J, Waldmann A. Early detection of oral cancer: a key role for dentists? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. [PMID: 35249159 PMCID: PMC9114047 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The majority of suspected malignant changes in the oral mucosa are detected by dentists in private practice. Statements regarding the effectiveness of visual examination of the oral cavity for early detection are not necessarily transferable between different health care systems. Our clinical-epidemiological and methodological aim was thus to conduct a prospective regional study in dental practices under everyday conditions, assess the frequency and type of oral mucosal changes, and evaluate the dental examination methodology. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted, combining a feasibility study of early detection of oral cancer and its documentation with phase I ‘modelling’ to conceptualize complex interventions in health services research. Dentists in private practice continuously recruited patients over 6 months and used two different sheets for the documentation of suspicious lesions. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and tests for differences (Welch test) or association (Chi-squared test). Results Twenty-five dentists (mean age: 50 years, 24% females) participated in this study. Eleven dentists achieved the overall aim of recruiting 200 patients. Around 4200 patients (mean age: 52 years, 57.5% females) participated. The prevalence of suspicious lesions was 8.5%. Conclusion It became apparent that a study in cooperation with dentists in private practice to generate clinical-epidemiological data on the early detection of oral mucosal lesions under everyday conditions can be carried out successfully. Further studies with a corresponding level of evidence should be carried out to be able to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the early detection measure under everyday practice conditions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao Z, Chu W, Zheng Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Xu T, Yang X, Zhang W, Ding X, Li G, Zhang H, Zhou J, Ye J, Wu H, Song X, Wu Y. Cytoplasmic eIF6 promotes OSCC malignant behavior through AKT pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:121. [PMID: 34922580 PMCID: PMC8684100 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6), also known as integrin β4 binding protein, is involved in ribosome formation and mRNA translation, acting as an anti-association factor. It is also essential for the growth and reproduction of cells, including tumor cells. Yet, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Methods The expression characteristics of eIF6 in 233 samples were comprehensively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Effects of eIF6 over-expression and knockdown on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined by CCK-8, wound healing and Transwell assays. Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF) and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were performed for mechanical verification. Results We found that cytoplasmic eIF6 was abnormally highly expressed in OSCC tissues, and its expression was associated with tumor size and the clinical grade. Amplification of eIF6 promoted the growth, migration and invasion capabilities of OSCC cell lines in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Through Western blot analysis, we further discovered that eIF6 significantly promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in OSCC cells, while depletion of eIF6 can reverse this process. Mechanistically, eIF6 promoted tumor progression by activating the AKT signaling pathway. By performing co-immunoprecipitation, we discovered a direct interaction between endogenous eIF6 and AKT protein in the cytoplasm. Conclusion These results demonstrated that eIF6 could be a new therapeutic target in OSCC, thus providing a new basis for the prognosis of OSCC patients in the future. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00800-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Stomatology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchuang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou No.1 Peoples Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Heming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, No.1, Shanghai Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Walsh T, Warnakulasuriya S, Lingen MW, Kerr AR, Ogden GR, Glenny AM, Macey R. Clinical assessment for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 12:CD010173. [PMID: 34891214 PMCID: PMC8664456 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010173.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), followed by appropriate treatment, may improve survival and reduce the risk for malignant transformation respectively. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2013. OBJECTIVES To estimate the diagnostic test accuracy of conventional oral examination, vital rinsing, light-based detection, mouth self-examination, remote screening, and biomarkers, used singly or in combination, for the early detection of OPMD or OSCC in apparently healthy adults. SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 20 October 2020), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 20 October 2020), and Embase Ovid (1980 to 20 October 2020). The US National Institutes of Health Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. We conducted citation searches, and screened reference lists of included studies for additional references. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected studies that reported the test accuracy of any of the aforementioned tests in detecting OPMD or OSCC during a screening procedure. Diagnosis of OPMD or OSCC was provided by specialist clinicians or pathologists, or alternatively through follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts for relevance. Eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out by at least two authors independently and in duplicate. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). We reported the sensitivity and specificity of the included studies. We provided judgement of the certainty of the evidence using a GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS We included 18 studies, recruiting 72,202 participants, published between 1986 and 2019. These studies evaluated the diagnostic test accuracy of conventional oral examination (10 studies, none new to this update), mouth self-examination (four studies, two new to this update), and remote screening (three studies, all new to this update). One randomised controlled trial of test accuracy directly evaluated conventional oral examination plus vital rinsing versus conventional oral examination alone. There were no eligible studies evaluating light-based detection or blood or salivary sample analysis (which tests for the presence of biomarkers for OPMD and OSCC). Only one study of conventional oral examination was judged as at overall low risk of bias and overall low concern regarding applicability. Given the clinical heterogeneity of the included studies in terms of the participants recruited, setting, prevalence of the target condition, the application of the index test and reference standard, and the flow and timing of the process, the data could not be pooled within the broader categories of index test. For conventional oral examination (10 studies, 25,568 participants), prevalence in the test accuracy sample ranged from 1% to 51%. For the seven studies with prevalence of 10% or lower, a prevalence more comparable to the general population, the sensitivity estimates were variable, and ranged from 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07 to 0.93) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.00); the specificity estimates were more consistent and ranged from 0.94 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.00). We judged the overall certainty of the evidence to be low, and downgraded for inconsistency and indirectness. Evidence for mouth self-examination and remote screening was more limited. We judged the overall certainty of the evidence for these index tests to be very low, and downgraded for imprecision, inconsistency, and indirectness. We judged the evidence for vital rinsing (toluidine blue) as an adjunct to conventional oral examination compared to conventional oral examination to be moderate, and downgraded for indirectness as the trial was undertaken in a high-risk population. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of high-certainty evidence to support the use of screening programmes for oral cavity cancer and OPMD in the general population. Frontline screeners such as general dentists, dental hygienists, other allied professionals, and community healthcare workers should remain vigilant for signs of OPMD and OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Mark W Lingen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander R Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Graham R Ogden
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Glenny
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Macey
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cramer JD, Grauer J. Modeling oral cancer screening in the United States population. Oral Oncol 2021; 124:105656. [PMID: 34864525 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of oral cancer screening if applied to the United States (US) population or various high-risk populations in the US. METHODS We modeled the effects of applying an oral cancer screening program to the US population assuming a similar mortality reduction as seen in the randomized Kerala trial. We combined data on the incidence of oral cancer in the Surveillance, End Results, and Epidemiology database, data on the relative risk in various high-risk groups from the Prostate, Lung, Cervical, and Ovarian screening trial, and the National Lung Screening Trial and data on the prevalence of cigarette use from the National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS When extrapolating to the US population we predict the number needed to screen to prevent one oral cancer death (NNS) = 9,845 in all individuals aged 35 + . Screening efficiency would increase if applied to higher-risk populations. If oral cancer screening were applied to male ≥ 60 pack-year current smokers or former smokers who have quit within 15 years aged 50-79 we predict a 4.6% reduction in oral cancer mortality with an NNS = 1,485. CONCLUSIONS Targeted screening of individuals at high risk for oral cancer has the potential to maximize the efficiency of screening and meaningfully impact oral cancer mortality. We suggest a future screening trial in high-risk individuals be considered to clarify the role of oral cancer screening in the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Cramer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Jordan Grauer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|