1
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Boretti A. Improving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies by using artificial intelligence and internet of things technologies: A narrative review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176618. [PMID: 38679117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a formidable challenge in the field of medical science, prompting the exploration of innovative and efficient treatment strategies. One revolutionary breakthrough in cancer therapy is Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, an avant-garde method involving the customization of a patient's immune cells to combat cancer. Particularly successful in addressing blood cancers, CAR T-cell therapy introduces an unprecedented level of effectiveness, offering the prospect of sustained disease management. As ongoing research advances to overcome current challenges, CAR T-cell therapy stands poised to become an essential tool in the fight against cancer. Ongoing enhancements aim to improve its effectiveness and reduce time and cost, with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The synergy of AI and IoT could enable more precise tailoring of CAR T-cell therapy to individual patients, streamlining the therapeutic process. This holds the potential to elevate treatment efficacy, mitigate adverse effects, and expedite the overall progress of CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Johnsonville, Wellington, New Zealand.
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2
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Chan PY, Corrie PG. Curing Stage IV Melanoma: Where Have We Been and Where Are We? Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e438654. [PMID: 38669609 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_438654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Little more than 10 years ago, metastatic melanoma was considered to have one of the poorest cancer outcomes, associated with a median overall survival of 6-8 months. Cytotoxic chemotherapy offered modest response rates of 20%-30%, but no clear survival benefit. Patients were routinely enrolled in clinical trials as their first-line therapy in the search for effective novel therapeutics. Remarkable developments in molecular biology, cancer genomics, immunology, and drug discovery have dominated the early part of the 21st century, and nowhere have the benefits been better realized than in the transformation of outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma: since 2011, 14 new agents have been approved that significantly increase survival, with long-term remissions and, possibly now, potential for cure. Even so, there is still much work to be done, given that most treated patients still die of their disease. Although most survival gains have so far been realized for cutaneous melanoma, improving treatment options for those 10% of patients with rarer, noncutaneous melanomas is a high priority. Key novel therapeutic approaches aimed at improving outcomes with potential for curing patients with melanoma are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ying Chan
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Butterfield LH, Najjar YG. Immunotherapy combination approaches: mechanisms, biomarkers and clinical observations. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:399-416. [PMID: 38057451 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitors provided a paradigm shift for the treatment of malignancies across a broad range of indications. Whereas initially, single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition was used, increasing numbers of patients are now treated with combination immune checkpoint blockade, where non-redundant mechanisms of action of the individual agents generally lead to higher response rates. Furthermore, immune checkpoint therapy has been combined with various other therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other immunotherapeutics such as vaccines, adoptive cellular therapies, cytokines and others, in an effort to maximize clinical efficacy. Currently, a large number of clinical trials test combination therapies with an immune checkpoint inhibitor as a backbone. However, proceeding without inclusion of broad, if initially exploratory, biomarker investigations may ultimately slow progress, as so far, few combinations have yielded clinical successes based on clinical data alone. Here, we present the rationale for combination therapies and discuss clinical data from clinical trials across the immuno-oncology spectrum. Moreover, we discuss the evolution of biomarker approaches and highlight the potential new directions that comprehensive biomarker studies can yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Butterfield
- University of California San Francisco, Microbiology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Haanen J, Los C, Phan GQ, Betof Warner A. Adoptive Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Current Status in Melanoma and Next-Generation Therapies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e431608. [PMID: 38776509 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_431608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lifileucel or TIL has recently been FDA approved for metastatic melanoma patients as first cell therapy for a solid tumor. We discuss roll-out of TIL as new SOC and other upcoming new cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Division of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christy Los
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giao Q Phan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, UConn Health, Neag Cancer Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Allison Betof Warner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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5
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Levin N, Kim SP, Marquardt CA, Vale NR, Yu Z, Sindiri S, Gartner JJ, Parkhurst M, Krishna S, Lowery FJ, Zacharakis N, Levy L, Prickett TD, Benzine T, Ray S, Masi RV, Gasmi B, Li Y, Islam R, Bera A, Goff SL, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Neoantigen-specific stimulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes enables effective TCR isolation and expansion while preserving stem-like memory phenotypes. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008645. [PMID: 38816232 PMCID: PMC11141192 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) targeting neoantigens can effectively treat a selected set of metastatic solid cancers. However, harnessing TILs for cancer treatments remains challenging because neoantigen-reactive T cells are often rare and exhausted, and ex vivo expansion can further reduce their frequencies. This complicates the identification of neoantigen-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) and the development of TIL products with high reactivity for patient treatment. METHODS We tested whether TILs could be in vitro stimulated against neoantigens to achieve selective expansion of neoantigen-reactive TILs. Given their prevalence, mutant p53 or RAS were studied as models of human neoantigens. An in vitro stimulation method, termed "NeoExpand", was developed to provide neoantigen-specific stimulation to TILs. 25 consecutive patient TILs from tumors harboring p53 or RAS mutations were subjected to NeoExpand. RESULTS We show that neoantigenic stimulation achieved selective expansion of neoantigen-reactive TILs and broadened the neoantigen-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ TIL clonal repertoire. This allowed the effective isolation of novel neoantigen-reactive TCRs. Out of the 25 consecutive TIL samples, neoantigenic stimulation enabled the identification of 16 unique reactivities and 42 TCRs, while conventional TIL expansion identified 9 reactivities and 14 TCRs. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that neoantigenic stimulation increased neoantigen-reactive TILs with stem-like memory phenotypes expressing IL-7R, CD62L, and KLF2. Furthermore, neoantigenic stimulation improved the in vivo antitumor efficacy of TILs relative to the conventional OKT3-induced rapid TIL expansion in p53-mutated or KRAS-mutated xenograft mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, neoantigenic stimulation of TILs selectively expands neoantigen-reactive TILs by frequencies and by their clonal repertoire. NeoExpand led to improved phenotypes and functions of neoantigen-reactive TILs. Our data warrant its clinical evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00068003, NCT01174121, and NCT03412877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Levin
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanghyun P Kim
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles A Marquardt
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nolan R Vale
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Parkhurst
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nikolaos Zacharakis
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lior Levy
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd D Prickett
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany Benzine
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert V Masi
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Billel Gasmi
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafiqul Islam
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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6
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Liu Q, Ma H. Cancer biotherapy: review and prospect. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38801637 PMCID: PMC11130057 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Malignant tumors pose a grave threat to the quality of human life. The prevalence of malignant tumors in China is steadily rising. Presently, clinical interventions encompass surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmaceutical therapy in isolation or combination. Nonetheless, these modalities fail to completely eradicate malignant tumor cells, frequently leading to metastasis and recurrence. Conversely, tumor biotherapy has emerged as an encouraging fourth approach in preventing and managing malignant tumors owing to its safety, efficacy, and minimal adverse effects. Currently, a range of tumor biotherapy techniques are employed, including gene therapy, tumor vaccines, monoclonal antibody therapy, cancer stem cell therapy, cytokine therapy, and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. This study aims to comprehensively review the latest developments in biological treatments for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 56300, Zunyi, China
| | - Hu Ma
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 56300, Zunyi, China.
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7
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Knight AD, Luke JJ. Beyond Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Emerging Targets in Melanoma Therapy. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01551-4. [PMID: 38789670 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in melanoma treatment by highlighting promising therapeutics with an aim to increase awareness of novel interventions currently in development. RECENT FINDINGS Over the last decade there has been considerable expansion of the previously available treatment options for patients with melanoma. In particular, novel immunotherapeutics have been developed to expand on the clinical advancements brought by BRAF targeting and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the success of checkpoint inhibitors there remains an unmet need for patients that do not respond to treatment. This review delves into the latest advancements in novel checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, oncolytic viruses, vaccines, bispecific antibodies, and adoptive cell therapy. Preclinical experiments and early-stage clinical trials studies have demonstrated promising results for these therapies, many of which have moved into pivotal, phase 3 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Knight
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Ave. Room W-927, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the University of Pittsburgh, 5150 Centre Ave. Room 1.27C, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
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8
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Song L, Yang Y, Tian X. Current knowledge about immunotherapy resistance for melanoma and potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:17. [PMID: 38835341 PMCID: PMC11149101 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma still reaches thousands of new diagnoses per year, and its aggressiveness makes recovery challenging, especially for those with stage III/IV unresectable melanoma. Immunotherapy, emerging as a beacon of hope, stands at the forefront of treatments for advanced melanoma. This review delves into the various immunotherapeutic strategies, prominently featuring cytokine immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccinations. Among these, immune checkpoint inhibitors, notably anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, emerge as the leading strategy. However, a significant subset of melanoma patients remains unresponsive to these inhibitors, underscoring the need for potent biomarkers. Efficient biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the therapeutic landscape by facilitating the design of personalized treatments for patients with melanoma. This comprehensive review highlights the latest advancements in melanoma immunotherapy and potential biomarkers at the epicenter of recent research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanni Song
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Bio-pharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Bio-pharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Bio-pharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Isaak AJ, Clements GR, Buenaventura RGM, Merlino G, Yu Y. Development of Personalized Strategies for Precisely Battling Malignant Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5023. [PMID: 38732242 PMCID: PMC11084485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most severe and fatal form of skin cancer, resulting from multiple gene mutations with high intra-tumor and inter-tumor molecular heterogeneity. Treatment options for patients whose disease has progressed beyond the ability for surgical resection rely on currently accepted standard therapies, notably immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Acquired resistance to these therapies and treatment-associated toxicity necessitate exploring novel strategies, especially those that can be personalized for specific patients and/or populations. Here, we review the current landscape and progress of standard therapies and explore what personalized oncology techniques may entail in the scope of melanoma. Our purpose is to provide an up-to-date summary of the tools at our disposal that work to circumvent the common barriers faced when battling melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Parums DV. Editorial: First Regulatory Approval for Adoptive Cell Therapy with Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) - Lifileucel (Amtagvi). Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944927. [PMID: 38689550 PMCID: PMC11071689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.944927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
On February 16, 2024, the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) granted accelerated approval to lifileucel (Amtagvi), an adoptive immune cell therapy with autologous ex vivo-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for adult patients with advanced or unresectable melanoma progressing after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and, if BRAF V600 mutation-positive, BRAF/MEK inhibitors. The clinical studies supporting this regulatory approval have highlighted the complexity of the treatment manufacturing process and the requirements for patient selection, a pretreatment lymphodepletion regimen, followed by a single infusion of lifileucel (Amtagvi), and up to six treatments with high-dose IL-2, with the potential for adverse events at each stage of treatment. In early 2024, expert consensus guidelines were published on best practices and patient management for adoptive cell therapy with autologous, ex vivo-expanded TILs, and an international TIL Working Group was formed in anticipation of further regulatory approvals bringing these treatments to the clinic. This editorial aims to provide an update on the importance of a first approval for adoptive cell therapy with autologous, ex vivo-expanded TILs and the challenges of implementing a complex, time-consuming, and potentially costly immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah V Parums
- Science Editor, Medical Science Monitor, International Scientific Information, Inc., Melville, NY, USA
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11
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Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Behr FM, van Alphen FPJ, Kragten NAM, Hoogendijk AJ, van den Biggelaar M, van Gisbergen KPJM. Intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells maintain distinct identity from circulating memory T cells after in vitro restimulation. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350873. [PMID: 38501878 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Resident memory T (TRM) cells have been recently established as an important subset of memory T cells that provide early and essential protection against reinfection in the absence of circulating memory T cells. Recent findings showing that TRM expand in vivo after repeated antigenic stimulation indicate that these memory T cells are not terminally differentiated. This suggests an opportunity for in vitro TRM expansion to apply in an immunotherapy setting. However, it has also been shown that TRM may not maintain their identity and form circulating memory T cells after in vivo restimulation. Therefore, we set out to determine how TRM respond to antigenic activation in culture. Using Listeria monocytogenes and LCMV infection models, we found that TRM from the intraepithelial compartment of the small intestine expand in vitro after antigenic stimulation and subsequent resting in homeostatic cytokines. A large fraction of the expanded TRM retained their phenotype, including the expression of key TRM markers CD69 and CD103 (ITGAE). The optimal culture of TRM required low O2 pressure to maintain the expression of these and other TRM-associated molecules. Expanded TRM retained their effector capacity to produce cytokines after restimulation, but did not acquire a highly glycolytic profile indicative of effector T cells. The proteomic analysis confirmed TRM profile retention, including expression of TRM-related transcription factors, tissue retention factors, adhesion molecules, and enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Collectively, our data indicate that limiting oxygen conditions supports in vitro expansion of TRM cells that maintain their TRM phenotype, at least in part, suggesting an opportunity for therapeutic strategies that require in vitro expansion of TRM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Memory T Cells/immunology
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Mice
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytokines/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarina Beumer-Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floris P J van Alphen
- Department of Research Facilities, Sanquin Research and Laboratory Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arie J Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Haugh A, Daud AI. Therapeutic Strategies in BRAF V600 Wild-Type Cutaneous Melanoma. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024; 25:407-419. [PMID: 38329690 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
There have been many recent advances in melanoma therapy. While 50% of melanomas have a BRAF mutation and are a target for BRAF inhibitors, the remaining 50% are BRAF wild-type. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and lymphocyte activated gene-3 (Lag-3) are all approved for the treatment of patients with advanced BRAF wild-type melanoma; however, treatment of this patient population following initial immune checkpoint blockade is a current therapeutic challenge given the lack of other efficacious options. Here, we briefly review available US FDA-approved therapies for BRAF wild-type melanoma and focus on developing treatment avenues for this heterogeneous group of patients. We review the basics of genomic features of both BRAF mutant and BRAF wild-type melanoma as well as efforts underway to develop new targeted therapies involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway for patients with BRAF wild-type tumors. We then focus on novel immunotherapies, including developing checkpoint inhibitors and agonists, cytokine therapies, oncolytic viruses and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, all of which represent potential therapeutic avenues for patients with BRAF wild-type melanoma who progress on currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Haugh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 6809, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adil I Daud
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 6809, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Khattak MA, Luke JJ. Top advances of the year: Melanoma. Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38682653 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The field of melanoma therapeutics is moving quickly with the first approval of adoptive cell transfer in solid tumors. Moreover, individualized neoantigen therapies, PRAME‐targeting strategies, oncolytic viruses, and more are rapidly emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Khattak
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jason J Luke
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Choi S, Hossain M, Lee H, Baek J, Park HS, Lim CL, Han D, Park T, Kim JH, Gong G, Kweon MN, Lee HJ. Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to assess the potential of adoptive cell therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:101. [PMID: 38630265 PMCID: PMC11024072 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been effective in regressing several types of malignant tumors. This study assessed the yield and factors influencing the successful expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), along with their immune phenotypes. METHODS TILs were expanded from 47 surgically resected HNSCC specimens and their metastasized lymph nodes. The cancer tissues were cut into small pieces (1-2 mm) and underwent initial expansion for 2 weeks. Tumor location, smoking history, stromal TIL percentage, human papillomavirus infection, and programmed death-ligand 1 score were examined for their impact on successful expansion of TILs. Expanded TILs were evaluated by flow cytometry using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. A second round of TIL expansion following the rapid expansion protocol was performed on a subset of samples with successful TIL expansion. RESULTS TILs were successfully expanded from 36.2% samples. Failure was due to contamination (27.6%) or insufficient expansion (36.2%). Only the stromal TIL percentage was significantly associated with successful TIL expansion (p = 0.032). The stromal TIL percentage also displayed a correlation with the expanded TILs per fragment (r = 0.341, p = 0.048). On flow cytometry analysis using 13 samples with successful TIL expansion, CD4 + T cell dominancy was seen in 69.2% of cases. Effector memory T cells were the major phenotype of expanded CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in all cases. CONCLUSION We could expand TILs from approximately one-third of HNSCC samples. TIL expansion could be applicable in HNSCC samples with diverse clinicopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjoon Choi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mofazzal Hossain
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Baek
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - DoYeon Han
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Park
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- NeogenTC Corp, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Volety P, Shirley CA, Chhabra G, Ahmad N. The fusion of light and immunity: Advancements in photoimmunotherapy for melanoma. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38623955 DOI: 10.1111/php.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with high mortality and recurrence rates. Despite the clinical success of recent immunotherapy approaches, prevailing resistance rates necessitate the continued development of novel therapeutic options. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is emerging as a promising immunotherapy strategy that uses photodynamic therapy (PDT) to unleash systemic immune responses against tumor sites while maintaining the superior tumor-specificity and minimally invasive nature of traditional PDT. In this review, we discuss recent advances in PIT and strategies for the management of melanoma using PIT. PIT can strongly induce immunogenic cell death, inviting the concomitant application of immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive cell therapies. PIT can also be leveraged to selectively remove the suppressive immune populations associated with immunotherapy resistance. The modular nature of PIT therapy design combined with the potential for patient-specific antigen selection or drug co-delivery makes PIT an alluring option for future personalized melanoma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Volety
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carl A Shirley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Tinca AC, Szoke AR, Lazar BA, Szász EA, Tomuț AN, Sabău AH, Cocuz IG, Cotoi TC, Niculescu R, Chiorean DM, Ungureanu IA, Turdean SG, Cotoi OS. H-VISTA Immunohistochemistry Score Is Associated with Advanced Stages in Cutaneous and Ocular Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4335. [PMID: 38673920 PMCID: PMC11049914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma represents a public health issue. One of the biggest goals of current research is to develop new therapeutic options for patients affected by this aggressive tumor. We conducted a retrospective study including 105 patients diagnosed with cutaneous and ocular melanoma, with stages varying from pT1a to pT4b and pT4e, respectively, and we performed immunohistochemistry reactions with the new potential prognostic marker, VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation). We quantified the expression by applying the H-score adapted for VISTA and divided the patients, based on the median value, into groups that presented high, low, and negative expression. Therefore, we obtained 65 cases with positive expression for cutaneous melanoma and 8 cases with positive expression for ocular melanoma. Forty-one cases presented high expression in cutaneous melanoma and three cases presented high expression in ocular melanoma. In cutaneous melanoma, analytic statistics showed that VISTA expression was associated with a high Breslow index, high mitotic count, high Ki67 expression, and advanced clinicopathological stage. The majority of ocular melanoma cases demonstrating a positive reaction were classified as stage pT3, whereas earlier stages showed a negative reaction. Our findings underscore a significant correlation between VISTA expression and key prognostic factors in melanoma. Looking ahead, the prospect of future randomized studies holds promise in corroborating the clinical relevance of our findings. By further elucidating the intricate relationship between VISTA expression and melanoma progression, new treatment strategies could be found, improving patient outcomes in this challenging neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Cătălina Tinca
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.C.T.); (A.H.S.); (R.N.); (D.M.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Andreea Raluca Szoke
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.C.T.); (A.H.S.); (R.N.); (D.M.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bianca Andreea Lazar
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Emőke Andrea Szász
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.N.T.); (I.A.U.)
| | - Alexandru Nicușor Tomuț
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.N.T.); (I.A.U.)
| | - Adrian Horațiu Sabău
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.C.T.); (A.H.S.); (R.N.); (D.M.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Iuliu-Gabriel Cocuz
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Titiana-Cornelia Cotoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Raluca Niculescu
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.C.T.); (A.H.S.); (R.N.); (D.M.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Maria Chiorean
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.C.T.); (A.H.S.); (R.N.); (D.M.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Ioana Ancuța Ungureanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.N.T.); (I.A.U.)
| | - Sabin Gligore Turdean
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.N.T.); (I.A.U.)
| | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania; (B.A.L.); (E.A.S.); (I.-G.C.); (S.G.T.); (O.S.C.)
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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17
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Kahn AM, Perry CJ, Etts K, Kluger H, Sznol M. Clinical Predictors of Survival in Patients With BRAFV600-Mutated Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibitors After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Oncologist 2024; 29:e507-e513. [PMID: 37971411 PMCID: PMC10994263 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective and between trial comparisons indicate that first-line treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors improves survival outcomes compared to first-line therapy with combined BRAF and MEK inhibitors in metastatic melanoma containing BRAFV600E/K mutations. Long-term outcomes for BRAF/MEK inhibition after progression on immunotherapy have not been reported. Moreover, clinical variables associated with outcome from treatment with combined BRAF/MEK inhibition were previously identified in the first-line setting but have not been investigated when targeted therapies are administered after progression on immune therapy. We performed a retrospective single institution analysis of 40 metastatic melanoma patients receiving combined BRAF/MEK inhibitors after progression on an anti-PD-1 or ipilimumab plus nivolumab to assess response rate by RECIST 1.1, progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS). Pretreatment clinical variables were analyzed for association with OS. Ipilimumab/nivolumab was the first-line immunotherapy regimen in 39 patients (97.5%), and BRAFV600E/K mutations were present in 33 (83%) and 7 (17%) patients, respectively. The median OS from start of BRAF/MEK inhibitors was 20.3 months (1.73-106.4+, 95% CI of median 13.3-30.7). Clinical characteristics associated with worse survival prior to starting BRAF/MEK inhibitors included age > 60 years (median OS 14 vs. 28 months; HR 2.5; 95% CI 0.91-6.87, P = .023), ECOG-PS > 2 (median OS 7 vs. 33 months; HR 2.89; 95% CI 0.78-10.76, P = .018), and presence of bone metastases (median OS 9 vs. 52 months; HR 3.17; 95% CI 1.33-7.54, P = .002). These associations with shorter survival maintained their significance on multivariate analysis. If confirmed in larger cohorts, the identified prognostic variables can be used for stratification of patients in future randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Kahn
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Curtis J Perry
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katrina Etts
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Sznol
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Kochenderfer JN. FDA approval of the first cellular therapy for a solid (non-hematologic) cancer. Mol Ther 2024; 32:857-858. [PMID: 38503296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James N Kochenderfer
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Vargas GM, Shafique N, Xu X, Karakousis G. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic and predictive factor for Melanoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:299-310. [PMID: 38314660 PMCID: PMC11134288 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2312102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been investigated as prognostic factors in melanoma. Recent advancements in assessing the tumor microenvironment in the setting of more widespread use of immune checkpoint blockade have reignited interest in identifying predictive biomarkers. This review examines the function and significance of TILs in cutaneous melanoma, evaluating their potential as prognostic and predictive markers. AREAS COVERED A literature search was conducted on papers covering tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in cutaneous melanoma available online in PubMed and Web of Science from inception to 1 December 2023, supplemented by citation searching. This article encompasses the assessment of TILs, the role of TILs in the immune microenvironment, TILs as a prognostic factor, TILs as a predictive factor for immunotherapy response, and clinical applications of TILs in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. EXPERT OPINION Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes play a heterogeneous role in cutaneous melanoma. While they have historically been associated with improved survival, their status as independent prognostic or predictive factors remains uncertain. Novel methods of TIL assessment, such as determination of TIL subtypes and molecular signaling, demonstrate potential for predicting therapeutic response. Further, while their clinical utility in risk-stratification in melanoma treatment shows promise, a lack of consensus data hinders standardized application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Shafique
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Levi S, Bank H, Mullinax J, Boland G. Precision Oncology in Melanoma and Skin Cancer Surgery. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:369-385. [PMID: 38401915 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
There has been perhaps no greater advance in the prognosis of solid tumors in the last decade than for patients with metastatic melanoma. This is due to significant improvements in treatment based on two key components of melanoma tumor biology (1) the identification of driver mutations with therapeutic potential and (2) the mechanistic understanding of a tumor-specific immune response. With breakthrough findings in such a relatively short period of time, the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma has become intensely personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Mullinax
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Department of Surgery, MGH, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Knox A, Wang T, Shackleton M, Ameratunga M. Symptomatic brain metastases in melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15075. [PMID: 38610093 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Although clinical outcomes in metastatic melanoma have improved in recent years, the morbidity and mortality of symptomatic brain metastases remain challenging. Response rates and survival outcomes of patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are significantly inferior to patients with asymptomatic disease. This review focusses upon the specific challenges associated with the management of symptomatic MBM, discussing current treatment paradigms, obstacles to improving clinical outcomes and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Knox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Shackleton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malaka Ameratunga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Mei J, Liu X, Tian H, Chen Y, Cao Y, Zeng J, Liu Y, Chen Y, Gao Y, Yin J, Wang P. Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient-derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1656. [PMID: 38664597 PMCID: PMC11045561 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoid technology is an emerging and rapidly growing field that shows promise in studying organ development and screening therapeutic regimens. Although organoids have been proposed for a decade, concerns exist, including batch-to-batch variations, lack of the native microenvironment and clinical applicability. MAIN BODY The concept of organoids has derived patient-derived tumour organoids (PDTOs) for personalized drug screening and new drug discovery, mitigating the risks of medication misuse. The greater the similarity between the PDTOs and the primary tumours, the more influential the model will be. Recently, 'tumour assembloids' inspired by cell-coculture technology have attracted attention to complement the current PDTO technology. High-quality PDTOs must reassemble critical components, including multiple cell types, tumour matrix, paracrine factors, angiogenesis and microorganisms. This review begins with a brief overview of the history of organoids and PDTOs, followed by the current approaches for generating PDTOs and tumour assembloids. Personalized drug screening has been practised; however, it remains unclear whether PDTOs can predict immunotherapies, including immune drugs (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immune cells (e.g. tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte, T cell receptor-engineered T cell and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell). PDTOs, as cancer avatars of the patients, can be expanded and stored to form a biobank. CONCLUSION Fundamental research and clinical trials are ongoing, and the intention is to use these models to replace animals. Pre-clinical immunotherapy screening using PDTOs will be beneficial to cancer patients. KEY POINTS The current PDTO models have not yet constructed key cellular and non-cellular components. PDTOs should be expandable and editable. PDTOs are promising preclinical models for immunotherapy unless mature PDTOs can be established. PDTO biobanks with consensual standards are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of PharmacogenomicsMinistry of EducationChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui‐Xiang Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yung‐Chiang Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ji‐Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of PharmacogenomicsMinistry of EducationChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Peng‐Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Ullas S, Sinclair C. Applications of Flow Cytometry in Drug Discovery and Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3851. [PMID: 38612661 PMCID: PMC11011675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a mainstay technique in cell biology research, where it is used for phenotypic analysis of mixed cell populations. Quantitative approaches have unlocked a deeper value of flow cytometry in drug discovery research. As the number of drug modalities and druggable mechanisms increases, there is an increasing drive to identify meaningful biomarkers, evaluate the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), and translate these insights into the evaluation of patients enrolled in early clinical trials. In this review, we discuss emerging roles for flow cytometry in the translational setting that supports the transition and evaluation of novel compounds in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Sinclair
- Flagship Pioneering, 140 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA;
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24
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Albarrán V, San Román M, Pozas J, Chamorro J, Rosero DI, Guerrero P, Calvo JC, González C, García de Quevedo C, Pérez de Aguado P, Moreno J, Cortés A, Soria A. Adoptive T cell therapy for solid tumors: current landscape and future challenges. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352805. [PMID: 38550594 PMCID: PMC10972864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) comprises different strategies to enhance the activity of T lymphocytes and other effector cells that orchestrate the antitumor immune response, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene-modified T cells, and therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The outstanding results of CAR-T cells in some hematologic malignancies have launched the investigation of ACT in patients with refractory solid malignancies. However, certain characteristics of solid tumors, such as their antigenic heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment, hamper the efficacy of antigen-targeted treatments. Other ACT modalities, such as TIL therapy, have emerged as promising new strategies. TIL therapy has shown safety and promising activity in certain immunogenic cancers, mainly advanced melanoma, with an exciting rationale for its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the implementation of TIL therapy in clinical practice is hindered by several biological, logistic, and economic challenges. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge, available clinical results, and potential areas of future research regarding the use of T cell therapy in patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María San Román
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pozas
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Chamorro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Isabel Rosero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Guerrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Calvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Moreno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cortés
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Soria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Albarrán Fernández V, Ballestín Martínez P, Stoltenborg Granhøj J, Borch TH, Donia M, Marie Svane I. Biomarkers for response to TIL therapy: a comprehensive review. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008640. [PMID: 38485186 PMCID: PMC10941183 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated durable clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, substantiated by recent positive results of the first phase III trial on TIL therapy. Being a demanding and logistically complex treatment, extensive preclinical and clinical effort is required to optimize patient selection by identifying predictive biomarkers of response. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current evidence regarding the potential impact of tumor-related factors (such as mutational burden, neoantigen load, immune infiltration, status of oncogenic driver genes, and epigenetic modifications), patient characteristics (including disease burden and location, baseline cytokines and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, human leucocyte antigen haplotype, or prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other anticancer therapies), phenotypic features of the transferred T cells (mainly the total cell count, CD8:CD4 ratio, ex vivo culture time, expression of exhaustion markers, costimulatory signals, antitumor reactivity, and scope of target tumor-associated antigens), and other treatment-related factors (such as lymphodepleting chemotherapy and postinfusion administration of interleukin-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán Fernández
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballestín Martínez
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Kim HJ, Kim YH. Molecular Frontiers in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2984. [PMID: 38474231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic and epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development. This review provides an overview of these developments, focusing on molecular mechanisms in melanoma genesis. It highlights how mutations, particularly in the BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT, and GNAQ/GNA11 genes, affect critical signaling pathways. The evolution of diagnostic techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, liquid biopsies, and molecular biomarkers for early detection and prognosis, is also discussed. The therapeutic landscape has transformed with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, improving patient outcomes. This paper examines the efficacy, challenges, and prospects of these treatments, including recent clinical trials and emerging strategies. The potential of novel treatment strategies, including neoantigen vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, microbiome interactions, and nanoparticle-based combination therapy, is explored. These advances emphasize the challenges of therapy resistance and the importance of personalized medicine. This review underlines the necessity for evidence-based therapy selection in managing the increasing global incidence of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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27
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Fletcher KA, Johnson DB. Investigational Approaches for Treatment of Melanoma Patients Progressing After Standard of Care. Cancer J 2024; 30:126-131. [PMID: 38527267 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The advent of effective immunotherapy, specifically cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and programmed cell death 1 inhibitors, as well as targeted therapy including BRAF/MEK inhibitors, has dramatically changed the prognosis for metastatic melanoma patients. Up to 50% of patients may experience long-term survival currently. Despite these advances in melanoma treatment, many patients still progress and die of their disease. As such, there are many studies aimed at providing new treatment options for this population. Therapies currently under investigation include, but are not limited to, novel immunotherapies, targeted therapies, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and other cellular therapies, oncolytic viral therapy and other injectables, and fecal microbiota transplant. In this review, we discuss the emerging treatment options for metastatic melanoma patients who have progressed on standard of care treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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28
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Los C, Klobuch S, Haanen JBAG. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte and Other Cell Therapies for Metastatic Melanoma. Cancer J 2024; 30:113-119. [PMID: 38527265 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Major progress in prolonging survival of patients with advanced melanoma has been made in the past decade because of the development and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitor and targeted therapies. However, for nonresponding or relapsing patients, their prognosis is still dismal. Based on clinical trial data, treatment with adoptive cell therapies holds great promise. In patients with metastatic melanoma progressing on or nonresponsive to single-agent anti-programmed cell death 1, infusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can produce responses in up to half of patients, with durable complete responses in up to 20%. Genetic modification of peripheral blood T cells with T-cell receptors derived from tumor-specific T cells, or with chimeric antigen receptors, has the potential to further improve treatment outcomes in this refractory population. In this review, we will discuss the historical development, current status, and future perspectives of adoptive T-cell therapies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Los
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | - Sebastian Klobuch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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29
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Klobuch S, Seijkens TTP, Schumacher TN, Haanen JBAG. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for patients with advanced-stage melanoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:173-184. [PMID: 38191921 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of melanoma over the past decade. Despite these breakthroughs, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced-stage melanoma is at most 50%, emphasizing the need for additional therapeutic strategies. Adoptive cell therapy with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a therapeutic modality that has, in the past few years, demonstrated long-term clinical benefit in phase II/III trials involving patients with advanced-stage melanoma, including those with disease progression on ICIs and/or BRAF/MEK inhibitors. In this Review, we summarize the current status of TIL therapies for patients with advanced-stage melanoma, including potential upcoming marketing authorization, the characteristics of TIL therapy products, as well as future strategies that are expected to increase the efficacy of this promising cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klobuch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - John B A G Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Melanoma Clinic, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Betof Warner A, Hamid O, Komanduri K, Amaria R, Butler MO, Haanen J, Nikiforow S, Puzanov I, Sarnaik A, Bishop MR, Schoenfeld AJ. Expert consensus guidelines on management and best practices for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008735. [PMID: 38423748 PMCID: PMC11005706 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with autologous, ex vivo-expanded, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is being investigated for treatment of solid tumors and has shown robust responses in clinical trials. Based on the encouraging efficacy, tolerable safety profile, and advancements in a central manufacturing process, lifileucel is now the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved TIL cell therapy product. To this end, treatment management and delivery practice guidance is needed to ensure successful integration of this modality into clinical care. This review includes clinical and toxicity management guidelines pertaining to the TIL cell therapy regimen prepared by the TIL Working Group, composed of internationally recognized hematologists and oncologists with expertize in TIL cell therapy, and relates to patient care and operational aspects. Expert consensus recommendations for patient management, including patient eligibility, screening tests, and clinical and toxicity management with TIL cell therapy, including tumor tissue procurement surgery, non-myeloablative lymphodepletion, TIL infusion, and IL-2 administration, are discussed in the context of potential standard of care TIL use. These recommendations provide practical guidelines for optimal clinical management during administration of the TIL cell therapy regimen, and recognition of subsequent management of toxicities. These guidelines are focused on multidisciplinary teams of physicians, nurses, and stakeholders involved in the care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Hamid
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute - West Los Angeles Office, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Krishna Komanduri
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rodabe Amaria
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Haanen
- Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Nederlands Kanker Instituut, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute
| | | | - Michael R Bishop
- The David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam J Schoenfeld
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Memon D, Schoenfeld AJ, Ye D, Fromm G, Rizvi H, Zhang X, Keddar MR, Mathew D, Yoo KJ, Qiu J, Lihm J, Miriyala J, Sauter JL, Luo J, Chow A, Bhanot UK, McCarthy C, Vanderbilt CM, Liu C, Abu-Akeel M, Plodkowski AJ, McGranahan N, Łuksza M, Greenbaum BD, Merghoub T, Achour I, Barrett JC, Stewart R, Beltrao P, Schreiber TH, Minn AJ, Miller ML, Hellmann MD. Clinical and molecular features of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:209-224.e9. [PMID: 38215748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy with PD-(L)1 blockade is routine for lung cancer, little is known about acquired resistance. Among 1,201 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with PD-(L)1 blockade, acquired resistance is common, occurring in >60% of initial responders. Acquired resistance shows differential expression of inflammation and interferon (IFN) signaling. Relapsed tumors can be separated by upregulated or stable expression of IFNγ response genes. Upregulation of IFNγ response genes is associated with putative routes of resistance characterized by signatures of persistent IFN signaling, immune dysfunction, and mutations in antigen presentation genes which can be recapitulated in multiple murine models of acquired resistance to PD-(L)1 blockade after in vitro IFNγ treatment. Acquired resistance to PD-(L)1 blockade in NSCLC is associated with an ongoing, but altered IFN response. The persistently inflamed, rather than excluded or deserted, tumor microenvironment of acquired resistance may inform therapeutic strategies to effectively reprogram and reverse acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Memon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK; M:M Bio Limited, 99 Park Drive, Milton, Abingdon, UK
| | - Adam J Schoenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darwin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Mark Foundation Center for Immunotherapy, Immune Signaling, and Radiation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hira Rizvi
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Early Clinical Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Divij Mathew
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jingya Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Mark Foundation Center for Immunotherapy, Immune Signaling, and Radiation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jayon Lihm
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Sauter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Umesh K Bhanot
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline McCarthy
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chad M Vanderbilt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cailian Liu
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohsen Abu-Akeel
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Plodkowski
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Marta Łuksza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin D Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, NY, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, MSK, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSK, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ikbel Achour
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Carl Barrett
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ross Stewart
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andy J Minn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Mark Foundation Center for Immunotherapy, Immune Signaling, and Radiation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Martin L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK; Oncology Data Science, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Early Clinical Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, New York, NY, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, MSK, New York, NY, USA.
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Natarelli N, Aleman SJ, Mark IM, Tran JT, Kwak S, Botto E, Aflatooni S, Diaz MJ, Lipner SR. A Review of Current and Pipeline Drugs for Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:214. [PMID: 38399429 PMCID: PMC10892880 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Combining these modalities often yields better responses. Surgery is suitable for localized cases, sometimes involving lymph node dissection and biopsy, to assess the spread of the disease. Radiation therapy may be sometimes used as a standalone treatment or following surgical excision. Systemic chemotherapy, while having low response rates, is utilized as part of combination treatments or when other methods fail. The development of resistance to systemic chemotherapies and associated side effects have prompted further research and clinical trials for novel approaches. In the case of advanced-stage melanoma, a comprehensive approach may be necessary, incorporating targeted therapies and immunotherapies that demonstrate significant antitumor activity. Targeted therapies, including inhibitors targeting BRAF, MEK, c-KIT, and NRAS, are designed to block the specific molecules responsible for tumor growth. These therapies show promise, particularly in patients with corresponding mutations. Combination therapy, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors, has been evidenced to improve progression-free survival; however, concerns about resistance and cutaneous toxicities highlight the need for close monitoring. Immunotherapies, leveraging tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CAR T cells, enhance immune responses. Lifileucel, an FDA-approved tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, has demonstrated improved response rates in advanced-stage melanoma. Ongoing trials continue to explore the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy for advanced melanoma. Checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have enhanced outcomes. Emerging IL-2 therapies boost dendritic cells, enhancing anticancer immunity. Oncolytic virus therapy, approved for advanced melanoma, augments treatment efficacy in combination approaches. While immunotherapy has significantly advanced melanoma treatment, its success varies, prompting research into new drugs and factors influencing outcomes. This review provides insights into current melanoma treatments and recent therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Natarelli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Sarah J. Aleman
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Isabella M. Mark
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jasmine T. Tran
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sean Kwak
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth Botto
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Shaliz Aflatooni
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Michael J. Diaz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shari R. Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10021, USA
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33
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Barras D, Ghisoni E, Chiffelle J, Orcurto A, Dagher J, Fahr N, Benedetti F, Crespo I, Grimm AJ, Morotti M, Zimmermann S, Duran R, Imbimbo M, de Olza MO, Navarro B, Homicsko K, Bobisse S, Labes D, Tsourti Z, Andriakopoulou C, Herrera F, Pétremand R, Dummer R, Berthod G, Kraemer AI, Huber F, Thevenet J, Bassani-Sternberg M, Schaefer N, Prior JO, Matter M, Aedo V, Dromain C, Corria-Osorio J, Tissot S, Kandalaft LE, Gottardo R, Pittet M, Sempoux C, Michielin O, Dafni U, Trueb L, Harari A, Laniti DD, Coukos G. Response to tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte adoptive therapy is associated with preexisting CD8 + T-myeloid cell networks in melanoma. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadg7995. [PMID: 38306416 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can eliminate or shrink metastatic melanoma, but its long-term efficacy remains limited to a fraction of patients. Using longitudinal samples from 13 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with TIL-ACT in a phase 1 clinical study, we interrogated cellular states within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their interactions. We performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and spatial proteomic analyses in pre- and post-ACT tumor tissues, finding that ACT responders exhibited higher basal tumor cell-intrinsic immunogenicity and mutational burden. Compared with nonresponders, CD8+ TILs exhibited increased cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and costimulation, whereas myeloid cells had increased type I interferon signaling in responders. Cell-cell interaction prediction analyses corroborated by spatial neighborhood analyses revealed that responders had rich baseline intratumoral and stromal tumor-reactive T cell networks with activated myeloid populations. Successful TIL-ACT therapy further reprogrammed the myeloid compartment and increased TIL-myeloid networks. Our systematic target discovery study identifies potential T-myeloid cell network-based biomarkers that could improve patient selection and guide the design of ACT clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Orcurto
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Dagher
- Unit of Translational Oncopathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Fahr
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée J Grimm
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Morotti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ochoa de Olza
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danny Labes
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Department of Formation and Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Zoe Tsourti
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fernanda Herrera
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pétremand
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregoire Berthod
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne I Kraemer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Thevenet
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Matter
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausannne, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Aedo
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clarisse Dromain
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Corria-Osorio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Tissot
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biomedical Data Science Center and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikaël Pittet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Unit of Translational Oncopathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urania Dafni
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lionel Trueb
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj Laniti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell Therapy, CHUV-Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Amaria R, Knisely A, Vining D, Kopetz S, Overman MJ, Javle M, Antonoff MB, Tzeng CWD, Wolff RA, Pant S, Lito K, Rangel K, Fellman B, Yuan Y, Lu KH, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Haymaker CL, Forget MA, Hwu P, Bernatchez C, Jazaeri AA. Efficacy and safety of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e006822. [PMID: 38309721 PMCID: PMC10840042 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown efficacy in metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and other solid tumors. Our preclinical work demonstrated more robust CD8 predominant TIL production when agonistic anti-4-1BB and CD3 antibodies were used in early ex vivo TIL culture. METHODS Patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal (CRC), pancreatic (PDAC) and ovarian (OVCA) cancers were eligible. Lymphodepleting chemotherapy was followed by infusion of ex vivo expanded TIL, manufactured at MD Anderson Cancer Center with IL-2 and agonistic stimulation of CD3 and 4-1BB (urelumab). Patients received up to six doses of high-dose IL-2 after TIL infusion. Primary endpoint was evaluation of objective response rate at 12 weeks using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 with secondary endpoints including disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS 17 patients underwent TIL harvest and 16 were treated on protocol (NCT03610490), including 8 CRC, 5 PDAC, and 3 OVCA patients. Median age was 57.5 (range 33-70) and 50% were females. Median number of lines of prior therapy was 2 (range 1-8). No responses were observed at 12 weeks. Ten subjects achieved at least one stable disease (SD) assessment for a DCR of 62.5% (95% CI 35.4% to 84.8%). Best response included prolonged SD in a patient with PDAC lasting 17 months. Median PFS and OS across cohorts were 2.53 months (95% CI 1.54 to 4.11) and 18.86 months (95% CI 4.86 to NR), respectively. Grade 3 or higher toxicities attributable to therapy were seen in 14 subjects (87.5%; 95% CI 61.7% to 98.4%). Infusion product analysis showed the presence of effector memory cells with high expression of CD39 irrespective of tumor type and low expression of checkpoint markers. CONCLUSIONS TIL manufactured with assistance of 4-1BB and CD3 agonism is feasible and treatment is associated with no new safety signals. While no responses were observed, a significant portion of patients achieved SD suggesting early/partial immunological effect. Further research is required to identify factors associated with resistance and functionally enhance T cells for a more effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodabe Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anne Knisely
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Vining
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ching-Wei D Tzeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Lito
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Rangel
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chantale Bernatchez
- SVP Discovery & Platforms, Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Weiss SA, Sznol M, Shaheen M, Berciano-Guerrero MÁ, Couselo EM, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Boni V, Schuchter LM, Gonzalez-Cao M, Arance A, Wei W, Ganti AK, Hauke RJ, Berrocal A, Iannotti NO, Hsu FJ, Kluger HM. A Phase II Trial of the CD40 Agonistic Antibody Sotigalimab (APX005M) in Combination with Nivolumab in Subjects with Metastatic Melanoma with Confirmed Disease Progression on Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:74-81. [PMID: 37535056 PMCID: PMC10767304 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disease progression during or after anti-PD-1-based treatment is common in advanced melanoma. Sotigalimab is a CD40 agonist antibody with a unique epitope specificity and Fc receptor binding profile optimized for activation of CD40-expressing antigen-presenting cells. Preclinical data indicated that CD40 agonists combined with anti-PD1 could overcome resistance to anti-PD-1. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase II trial to evaluate the combination of sotigalimab 0.3 mg/kg and nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks in patients with advanced melanoma following confirmed disease progression on a PD-1 inhibitor. The primary objective was to determine the objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Thirty-eight subjects were enrolled and evaluable for safety. Thirty-three were evaluable for activity. Five confirmed partial responses (PR) were observed for an ORR of 15%. Two PRs are ongoing at 45.9+ and 26+ months, whereas the other three responders relapsed at 41.1, 18.7, and 18.4 months. The median duration of response was at least 26 months. Two additional patients had stable disease for >6 months. Thirty-four patients (89%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE), and 13% experienced a grade 3 AE related to sotigalimab. The most common AEs were pyrexia, chills, nausea, fatigue, pruritus, elevated liver function, rash, vomiting, headache, arthralgia, asthenia, myalgia, and diarrhea. There were no treatment-related SAEs, deaths, or discontinuation of sotigalimab due to AEs. CONCLUSIONS Sotigalimab plus nivolumab had a favorable safety profile consistent with the toxicity profiles of each agent. The combination resulted in durable and prolonged responses in a subset of patients with anti-PD-1-resistant melanoma, warranting further evaluation in this setting. See related commentary by Wu and Luke, p. 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Weiss
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mario Sznol
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Miguel-Ángel Berciano-Guerrero
- Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Valentina Boni
- START Madrid-CIOCC, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lynn M. Schuchter
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Cao
- Instituto Oncológico, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Arance
- Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Wei
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Wang Y, Bergman DR, Trujillo E, Pearson AT, Sweis RF, Jackson TL. Mathematical model predicts tumor control patterns induced by fast and slow cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing mechanisms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22541. [PMID: 38110479 PMCID: PMC10728095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has dramatically transformed the cancer treatment landscape largely due to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although ICIs have shown promising results for many patients, the low response rates in many cancers highlight the ongoing challenges in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) execute their cell-killing function via two distinct mechanisms: a fast-acting, perforin-mediated process and a slower, Fas ligand (FasL)-driven pathway. Evidence also suggests that the preferred killing mechanism of CTLs depends on the antigenicity of tumor cells. To determine the critical factors affecting responses to ICIs, we construct an ordinary differential equation model describing in vivo tumor-immune dynamics in the presence of active or blocked PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint. Specifically, we identify important aspects of the tumor-immune landscape that affect tumor size and composition in the short and long term. We also generate a virtual cohort of mice with diverse tumor and immune attributes to simulate the outcomes of immune checkpoint blockade in a heterogeneous population. By identifying key tumor and immune characteristics associated with tumor elimination, dormancy, and escape, we predict which fraction of a population potentially responds well to ICIs and ways to enhance therapeutic outcomes with combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Bergman
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Erica Trujillo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alexander T Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Randy F Sweis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Trachette L Jackson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Schlabach MR, Lin S, Collester ZR, Wrocklage C, Shenker S, Calnan C, Xu T, Gannon HS, Williams LJ, Thompson F, Dunbar PR, LaMothe RA, Garrett TE, Colletti N, Hohmann AF, Tubo NJ, Bullock CP, Le Mercier I, Sofjan K, Merkin JJ, Keegan S, Kryukov GV, Dugopolski C, Stegmeier F, Wong K, Sharp FA, Cadzow L, Benson MJ. Rational design of a SOCS1-edited tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 screens. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163096. [PMID: 38099496 PMCID: PMC10721144 DOI: 10.1172/jci163096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy have shown promise in the treatment of patients with refractory solid tumors, with improvement in response rates and durability of responses nevertheless sought. To identify targets capable of enhancing the antitumor activity of T cell therapies, large-scale in vitro and in vivo clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 screens were performed, with the SOCS1 gene identified as a top T cell-enhancing target. In murine CD8+ T cell-therapy models, SOCS1 served as a critical checkpoint in restraining the accumulation of central memory T cells in lymphoid organs as well as intermediate (Texint) and effector (Texeff) exhausted T cell subsets derived from progenitor exhausted T cells (Texprog) in tumors. A comprehensive CRISPR tiling screen of the SOCS1-coding region identified sgRNAs targeting the SH2 domain of SOCS1 as the most potent, with an sgRNA with minimal off-target cut sites used to manufacture KSQ-001, an engineered TIL therapy with SOCS1 inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9. KSQ-001 possessed increased responsiveness to cytokine signals and enhanced in vivo antitumor function in mouse models. These data demonstrate the use of CRISPR/Cas9 screens in the rational design of T cell therapies.
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de Oliveira Filho RS, de Oliveira DA, Nisimoto MM, Marti LC. A Review of Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma Therapies and Their Mechanisms, from Immunotherapies to Lysine Histone Methyl Transferase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5751. [PMID: 38136297 PMCID: PMC10741407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced cutaneous melanoma is considered to be the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has variable rates of treatment response. Currently, there are some classes of immunotherapy and target therapies for its treatment. Immunotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and its recurrence by triggering the host's immune system, whereas targeted therapy inhibits specific molecules or signaling pathways. However, melanoma responses to these treatments are highly heterogeneous, and patients can develop resistance. Epigenomics (DNA/histone modifications) contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Epigenetic alterations are divided into four levels of gene expression regulation: DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation. Deregulation of lysine methyltransferase enzymes is associated with tumor initiation, invasion, development of metastases, changes in the immune microenvironment, and drug resistance. The study of lysine histone methyltransferase (KMT) and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitors is important for understanding cancer epigenetic mechanisms and biological processes. In addition to immunotherapy and target therapy, the research and development of KMT and NNMT inhibitors is ongoing. Many studies are exploring the therapeutic implications and possible side effects of these compounds, in addition to their adjuvant potential to the approved current therapies. Importantly, as with any drug development, safety, efficacy, and specificity are crucial considerations when developing methyltransferase inhibitors for clinical applications. Thus, this review article presents the recently available therapies and those in development for advanced cutaneous melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Santos de Oliveira Filho
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina–Universidade Federal de São Paulo–EPM-UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Arcuschin de Oliveira
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP-Skin Cancer and Melanoma Fellow, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Luciana Cavalheiro Marti
- Experimental Research Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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Dallmann J, Freitag J, Jung C, Khinvasara K, Merz L, Peters D, Schork M, Beck J. CIMT 2023: report on the 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 20:100397. [PMID: 37876518 PMCID: PMC10590812 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT) celebrated the 20th anniversary of the CIMT Annual Meeting. CIMT2023 was held 3-5 May 2023 in Mainz, Germany. 1051 academic and clinical professionals from over 30 countries attended the meeting and discussed the latest advances in cancer immunology and immunotherapy research. This report summarizes the highlights of CIMT2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Dallmann
- Immunotherapies & Preclinical Research, BioNTech SE, Mainz
| | - J. Freitag
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Jung
- BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz
| | - K. Khinvasara
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Merz
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Peters
- Immunotherapies & Preclinical Research, BioNTech SE, Mainz
| | - M. Schork
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - J.D. Beck
- Immunotherapies & Preclinical Research, BioNTech SE, Mainz
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Klebanoff CA, Chandran SS, Baker BM, Quezada SA, Ribas A. T cell receptor therapeutics: immunological targeting of the intracellular cancer proteome. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:996-1017. [PMID: 37891435 PMCID: PMC10947610 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) complex is a naturally occurring antigen sensor that detects, amplifies and coordinates cellular immune responses to epitopes derived from cell surface and intracellular proteins. Thus, TCRs enable the targeting of proteins selectively expressed by cancer cells, including neoantigens, cancer germline antigens and viral oncoproteins. As such, TCRs have provided the basis for an emerging class of oncology therapeutics. Herein, we review the current cancer treatment landscape using TCRs and TCR-like molecules. This includes adoptive cell transfer of T cells expressing endogenous or engineered TCRs, TCR bispecific engagers and antibodies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-bound peptides (TCR mimics). We discuss the unique complexities associated with the clinical development of these therapeutics, such as HLA restriction, TCR retrieval, potency assessment and the potential for cross-reactivity. In addition, we highlight emerging clinical data that establish the antitumour potential of TCR-based therapies, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, for the treatment of diverse human malignancies. Finally, we explore the future of TCR therapeutics, including emerging genome editing methods to safely enhance potency and strategies to streamline patient identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Klebanoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Smita S Chandran
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
- The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Achilles Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Piroozkhah M, Gholinezhad Y, Piroozkhah M, Shams E, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. The molecular mechanism of actions and clinical utilities of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal cancers: a comprehensive review and future prospects toward personalized medicine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298891. [PMID: 38077386 PMCID: PMC10704251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remain a significant global health burden, accounting for a substantial number of cases and deaths. Regrettably, the inadequacy of dependable biomarkers hinders the precise forecasting of patient prognosis and the selection of appropriate therapeutic sequencing for individuals with GI cancers, leading to suboptimal outcomes for numerous patients. The intricate interplay between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been shown to be a pivotal determinant of response to anti-cancer therapy and consequential clinical outcomes across a multitude of cancer types. Therefore, the assessment of TILs has garnered global interest as a promising prognostic biomarker in oncology, with the potential to improve clinical decision-making substantially. Moreover, recent discoveries in immunotherapy have progressively changed the landscape of cancer treatment and significantly prolonged the survival of patients with advanced cancers. Nonetheless, the response rate remains constrained within solid tumor sufferers, even when TIL landscapes appear comparable, which calls for the development of our understanding of cellular and molecular cross-talk between TIME and tumor. Hence, this comprehensive review encapsulates the extant literature elucidating the TILs' underlying molecular pathogenesis, prognostic significance, and their relevance in the realm of immunotherapy for patients afflicted by GI tract cancers. Within this review, we demonstrate that the type, density, and spatial distribution of distinct TIL subpopulations carries pivotal implications for the prediction of anti-cancer treatment responses and patient survival. Furthermore, this review underscores the indispensable role of TILs in modulating therapeutic responses within distinct molecular subtypes, such as those characterized by microsatellite stability or programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in GI tract cancers. The review concludes by outlining future directions in TIL-based personalized medicine, including integrating TIL-based approaches into existing treatment regimens and developing novel therapeutic strategies that exploit the unique properties of TILs and their potential as a promising avenue for personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Piroozkhah
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobin Piroozkhah
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Shams
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Choi W, Lee Y, Choi BK, Park BM, Kim YH, Yun T, Lee WJ, Yoo H, Baek JY, Woo SM, Lim MC, Kwon BS. Phase 1 trial of 4-1BB-based adoptive T-cell therapy targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1236-1241. [PMID: 37632518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an attractive target for anti-cancer therapies. We developed an effective method for generating hTERT-specific CD8+ T cells (hTERT-induced natural T cells [TERTiNTs]) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with solid cancers and investigated their feasibility and safety. METHODS This was a single-center phase 1 trial using a 3 + 3 dose escalation design to evaluate six dose levels of TERTiNTs. PBMCs from each patient were screened using an hTERT peptide panel to select those that stimulated CD8+ T cells. The four most stimulatory peptides were used to produce autologous CD8+ T cells from patients refractory or intolerant to standard therapies. Eligible patients received a single intravenous infusion of TERTiNTs at different dose levels (4 × 108 cells/m2, 8 × 108 cells/m2 and 16 × 108 cells/m2). Pre-conditioning chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide alone or in combination with fludarabine, was administered to induce lymphodepletion. RESULTS From January 2014 to October 2019, a total of 24 patients with a median of three prior lines of therapy were enrolled. The most common adverse events were lymphopenia (79.2%), nausea (58.3%) and neutropenia (54.2%), mostly caused by pre-conditioning chemotherapy. The TERTiNT infusion was well tolerated, and dose-limiting toxicities were not observed. None of the patients showed objective responses. Seven patients (30.4%) achieved stable disease with a median progression-free survival of 3.9 months (range, 3.2-11.3). At the highest dose level (16 × 108 cells/m2), four of five patients showed disease stabilization. CONCLUSIONS The generation of TERTiNTs was feasible and safe and provided an interesting disease control rate in heavily pre-treated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Choi
- Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Lee
- Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom K Choi
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Park
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young H Kim
- Eutilex Institute for Biomedical Research, Eutilex Co, Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak Yun
- Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yoo
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Cheol Lim
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Eutilex Institute for Biomedical Research, Eutilex Co, Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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van den Bulk J, Verdegaal EM, van der Ploeg M, Visser M, Nunes JB, de Ru AH, Tjokrodirijo RT, Ijsselsteijn ME, Janssen NI, van der Breggen R, de Bruin L, de Kok P, Janssen GM, Ruano D, Kapiteijn EH, van Veelen PA, de Miranda NF, van der Burg SH. Neoantigen Targetability in Progressive Advanced Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4278-4288. [PMID: 37540567 PMCID: PMC10570682 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The availability of (neo)antigens and the infiltration of tumors by (neo)antigen-specific T cells are crucial factors in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the targetability of (neo)antigens in advanced progessive melanoma and explore the potential for continued T-cell-based immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined a cohort of eight patients with melanoma who had sequential metastases resected at early and later time points. Antigen-presenting capacity was assessed using IHC and flow cytometry. T-cell infiltration was quantified through multiplex immunofluorescence. Whole-exome and RNA sequencing were conducted to identify neoantigens and assess the expression of neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens. Mass spectrometry was used to evaluate antigen presentation. Tumor recognition by autologous T cells was assessed by coculture assays with cell lines derived from the metastatic lesions. RESULTS We observed similar T-cell infiltration in paired early and later metastatic (LM) lesions. Although elements of the antigen-presenting machinery were affected in some LM lesions, both the early and later metastasis-derived cell lines were recognized by autologous T cells. At the genomic level, the (neo)antigen landscape was dynamic, but the (neo)antigen load was stable between paired lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that subsequently isolated tumors from patients with late-stage melanoma retain sufficient antigen-presenting capacity, T-cell infiltration, and a stable (neo)antigen load, allowing recognition of tumor cells by T cells. This indicates a continuous availability of T-cell targets in metastases occurring at different time points and supports further exploration of (neo)antigen-specific T-cell-based therapeutic approaches for advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske van den Bulk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Els M.E. Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manon van der Ploeg
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marten Visser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joana B. Nunes
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rayman T.N. Tjokrodirijo
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Natasja I. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud van der Breggen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linda de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pita de Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - George M.C. Janssen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen H.W. Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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44
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Betof Warner A, Luke JJ. CD4+ TIL to the Rescue of Anti-PD-1 Failure by Targeting MHC-II. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3829-3831. [PMID: 37534980 PMCID: PMC10592266 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In this CCR Translations, we discuss the potential for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance through CD4+-mediated and MHC-II-dependent killing. Validating these results from human tumors has potential to improve the clinical application of adoptive cellular transfer in advanced cancers. See related article by Draghi et al., p. 3937.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason J. Luke
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the University of Pittsburgh Dept. of Medicine
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45
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Kanate AS, Majhail N, DeFilipp Z, Dhakal B, Dholaria B, Hamilton B, Herrera AF, Inamoto Y, Jain T, Perales MA, Carpenter PA, Hamadani M. Updated Indications for Immune Effector Cell Therapy: 2023 Guidelines from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:594-597. [PMID: 37422194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) published its guidelines on indications for autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and immune effector cell therapy (IECT) in 2020. Since then, we have witnessed rapid advancements in the field of IECT, resulting in several new chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) products and disease indications being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To keep abreast of these practice changes, the ASTCT Committee on Practice Guidelines commissioned a focused update covering CAR-T therapy indications. Here we present updated ASTCT recommendations on indications for CAR-T therapy. Only FDA-approved indications for CAR-T were recommended and categorized as "standard of care," where the indication is well defined and supported by evidence. The ASTCT will continue to periodically review these guidelines and update them as new evidence becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navneet Majhail
- Sarah Cannon Transplant and Cellular Therapy Network, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zachariah DeFilipp
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binod Dhakal
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Department of Hematology- Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Betty Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alex F Herrera
- Division of Lymphoma, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tania Jain
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- BMT & Cellular Therapy Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Davis L, Miller RE, Wong YNS. The Landscape of Adoptive Cellular Therapies in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4814. [PMID: 37835509 PMCID: PMC10571827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are typically poorly immunogenic and have demonstrated disappointing responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) offers an alternative method of harnessing the immune system that has shown promise, especially with the success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in haematologic malignancies. So far, ACT has led to modest results in the treatment of solid organ malignancies. This review explores the possibility of ACT as an effective alternative or additional treatment to current standards of care in ovarian cancer. We will highlight the potential of ACTs, such as CAR-T, T-cell receptor therapy (TCR-T), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cell-based vaccines, whilst also discussing their challenges. We will present clinical studies for these approaches in the treatment of immunologically 'cold' ovarian cancer and consider the rationale for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Davis
- Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - Rowan E Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 3PG, UK;
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Yien Ning Sophia Wong
- Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK;
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 3PG, UK;
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Laddha K, Sobhia ME. Breaking the 'don't eat me' signal: in silico design of CD47-directed peptides for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10732-5. [PMID: 37759140 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer. Although there are various therapies available to treat cancer, finding a successful one can be like searching for a needle in a haystack. Immunotherapy appears to be one of those needles in the haystack of cancer treatment. Immunotherapeutic agents enhance the immune response of the patient's body to tumor cells. One of the immunotherapeutic targets, Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47), releases the "don't eat me" signal when it binds to its receptor, Signal Regulatory Protein (SIRPα). Tumor cells use this signal to circumvent the immune system, rendering it ineffective. To stop tumor cells from releasing the "don't eat me" signal, the CD47-SIRPα interaction is specifically targeted in this study. To do so, in silico peptides were designed based on the structural analysis of the interaction between two proteins using point mutations on the interacting residues with the other amino acids. The peptide library was designed and docked on SIRPα using computational tools. Later on, after analyzing the docked complex, the best of them was selected for MD simulation studies of 100 ns. Further analysis after MD studies was carried out to determine the possible potential anti-SIRPα peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Laddha
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - M Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Liu L, Wu M, Huang A, Gao C, Yang Y, Liu H, Jiang H, Yu L, Huang Y, Wang H. Establishment of a high-fidelity patient-derived xenograft model for cervical cancer enables the evaluation of patient's response to conventional and novel therapies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:611. [PMID: 37689699 PMCID: PMC10492358 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (r/m CC) often has poor prognosis owing to its limited treatment options. The development of novel therapeutic strategies has been hindered by the lack of preclinical models that accurately reflect the biological and genomic heterogeneity of cervical cancer (CC). Herein, we aimed to establish a large patient-derived xenograft (PDX) biobank for CC, evaluate the consistency of the biologic indicators between PDX and primary tumor tissues of patients, and explore its utility for assessing patient's response to conventional and novel therapies. METHODS Sixty-nine fresh CC tumor tissues were implanted directly into immunodeficient mice to establish PDX models. The concordance of the PDX models with their corresponding primary tumors (PTs) was compared based on the clinical pathological features, protein biomarker levels, and genomic features through hematoxylin & eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and whole exome sequencing, respectively. Moreover, the clinical information of CC patients, RNA transcriptome and immune phenotyping of primary tumors were integrated to identify the potential parameters that could affect the success of xenograft engraftment. Subsequently, PDX model was evaluated for its capacity to mirror patient's response to chemotherapy. Finally, PDX model and PDX-derived organoid (PDXO) were utilized to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of neratinib and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) combination strategy for CC patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutation. RESULTS We established a PDX biobank for CC with a success rate of 63.8% (44/69). The primary features of established PDX tumors, including clinicopathological features, the expression levels of protein biomarkers including Ki67, α-smooth muscle actin, and p16, and genomics, were highly consistent with their PTs. Furthermore, xenograft engraftment was likely influenced by the primary tumor size, the presence of follicular helper T cells and the expression of cell adhesion-related genes in primary tumor tissue. The CC derived PDX models were capable of recapitulating the patient's response to chemotherapy. In a PDX model, a novel therapeutic strategy, the combination of ACT and neratinib, was shown to effectively inhibit the growth of PDX tumors derived from CC patients with HER2-mutation. CONCLUSIONS We established by far the largest PDX biobank with a high engraftment rate for CC that preserves the histopathological and genetic characteristics of patient's biopsy samples, recapitulates patient's response to conventional therapy, and is capable of evaluating the efficacy of novel therapeutic modalities for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anni Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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49
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Monberg TJ, Borch TH, Svane IM, Donia M. TIL Therapy: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3275-3283. [PMID: 37058256 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
After a positive phase III trial, it is evident that treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is a safe, feasible, and effective treatment modality for patients with metastatic melanoma. Further, the treatment is safe and feasible in diverse solid tumors, regardless of the histologic type. Still, TIL treatment has not obtained the regulatory approvals to be implemented on a larger scale. Therefore, its availability is currently restricted to a few centers worldwide. In this review, we present the current knowledge of TIL therapy and discuss the practical, logistic, and economic challenges associated with implementing TIL therapy on a larger scale. Finally, we suggest strategies to facilitate the widespread implementation of TIL therapy and approaches to develop the next generation of TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine J Monberg
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Troels H Borch
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge M Svane
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
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50
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Thompson B, Strange A, Amato CM, Hester-McCullough J, Sarnaik AA, Weber JS, Woods DM. CD4 Phenotypes Are Associated with Reduced Expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma Patients Treated with Adoptive Cell Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:735-742. [PMID: 37466381 PMCID: PMC10528290 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy is effective in treating malignant melanoma, but its success relies on the adequate ex vivo expansion of TIL. To assess correlates of TIL expansion, CD4+ and CD8+ TIL were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of acetylated histone 3. Patients were grouped into "TIL high" and "TIL low" based on division at the median number of TIL infused. Greater numbers of TIL infused correlated with longer overall survival, and increased frequencies of CD4+ cells infused were negatively correlated with the number of TIL infused. RNA-seq analysis of CD4+ TIL showed increases in Th2/Th17/regulatory T cell-related transcripts and pathways in the TIL-low group. Analysis of a public single-cell RNA-seq dataset validated findings that increased frequencies of CD4+ cells were negatively correlated with the number of TIL infused. TIL-low patients had significantly increased frequencies of CD4+ cells expressing ETS2 and OSM and trended toward increased expression of TNFRSF18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thompson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Ann Strange
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Carol M. Amato
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Amod A. Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Jeffrey S. Weber
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - David M. Woods
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
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