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Korten I, Kieninger E, Yammine S, Cangiano G, Nyilas S, Anagnostopoulou P, Singer F, Kuehni CE, Regamey N, Frey U, Casaulta C, Spycher BD, Latzin P. Respiratory rate in infants with cystic fibrosis throughout the first year of life and association with lung clearance index measured shortly after birth. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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McCarron A, Donnelley M, Parsons D. Airway disease phenotypes in animal models of cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:54. [PMID: 29609604 PMCID: PMC5879563 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by chronic infection, inflammation, airway remodelling, and mucus obstruction. A lack of pulmonary manifestations in CF mouse models has hindered investigations of airway disease pathogenesis, as well as the development and testing of potential therapeutics. However, recently generated CF animal models including rat, ferret and pig models demonstrate a range of well characterised lung disease phenotypes with varying degrees of severity. This review discusses the airway phenotypes of currently available CF animal models and presents potential applications of each model in airway-related CF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Houzé P, Berthin T, Raphalen JH, Hutin A, Baud JF. High Dose of Pralidoxime Reverses Paraoxon-Induced Respiratory Toxicity in Mice. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2018; 46:131-138. [PMID: 29744248 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2018.29660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The efficiency of pralidoxime in the treatment of human organophosphates poisoning is still unclear. In a rat model, we showed that pralidoxime induced a complete but concentration-dependent reversal of paraoxon-induced respiratory toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of pralidoxime in a species other than rats. Methods A dose of diethylparaoxon corresponding to 50% of the median lethal dose was administered subcutaneously to male F1B6D2 mice. Ascending single pralidoxime doses of 10, 50-100 and 150 mg kg-1 were administered intramuscularly 30 min after diethylparaoxon administration. Ventilation at rest was assessed using whole-body plethysmography and mice temperature was assessed using infrared telemetry. Results are expressed as mean±SE. Statistical analysis used non-parametric tests. Results From 30 to 150 min post-injection, diethylparaoxon induced clinical symptoms and a decrease in respiratory frequency, which resulted from an increase in expiratory and inspiratory times associated with an increase in the tidal volume. In the 10-, 50- and 100-mg kg-1 pralidoxime groups, there was a trend towards a non-significant improvement of paraoxon-induced respiratory toxicity. The 150 mg kg-1 dose of pralidoxime induced a significant reversal of all respiratory parameters. Conclusion In the present study, a toxic but non-lethal model of diethylparaoxon in awake, unrestrained mice was observed. By administering an equipotent dose of diethylparaoxon to rats, a 150 mg kg-1 dose of pralidoxime administered alone completely reversed diethylparaoxon-induced respiratory toxicity in mice. The dose dependency of reversal suggests that further studies are needed for assessing plasma concentrations of pralidoxime resulting in reversal of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Houzé
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Berthin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Herlé Raphalen
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation- SAMU de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Alice Hutin
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation- SAMU de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - J Frédéric Baud
- UMR-8257. Cognitive Action Group. 45, rue des Saint-Pères. 75006. Paris. Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Reznikov LR. Cystic Fibrosis and the Nervous System. Chest 2017; 151:1147-1155. [PMID: 27876591 PMCID: PMC5472519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is an anion channel that conducts bicarbonate and chloride across cell membranes. Although defective anion transport across epithelial cells is accepted as the basic defect in CF, many of the features observed in people with CF and organs affected by CF are modulated by the nervous system. This is of interest because CFTR expression has been reported in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it is well known that the transport of anions, such as chloride, greatly modulates neuronal excitability. Thus it is predicted that in CF, lack of CFTR in the nervous system affects neuronal function. Consistent with this prediction, several nervous system abnormalities and nervous system disorders have been described in people with CF and in animal models of CF. The goal of this special feature article is to highlight the expression and function of CFTR in the nervous system. Special emphasis is placed on nervous system abnormalities described in people with CF and in animal models of CF. Finally, features of CF that may be modulated by or attributed to faulty nervous system function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
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Darrah RJ, Mitchell AL, Campanaro CK, Barbato ES, Litman P, Sattar A, Hodges CA, Drumm ML, Jacono FJ. Early pulmonary disease manifestations in cystic fibrosis mice. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:736-744. [PMID: 27231029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered pulmonary function is present early in the course of cystic fibrosis (CF), independent of documented infections or onset of pulmonary symptoms. New initiatives in clinical care are focusing on detection and characterization of preclinical disease. Thus, animal models are needed which recapitulate the pulmonary phenotype characteristic of early stage CF. METHODS We investigated young CF mice to determine if they exhibit pulmonary pathophysiology consistent with the early CF lung phenotype. Lung histology and pulmonary mechanics were examined in 12- to 16-week-old congenic C57bl/6 F508del and R117H CF mice using a forced oscillation technique (flexiVent). RESULTS There were no significant differences in the resistance of the large airways. However, in both CF mouse models, prominent differences in the mechanical properties of the peripheral lung compartment were identified including decreased static lung compliance, increased elastance and increased tissue damping. CF mice also had distal airspace enlargement with significantly increased mean linear intercept distances. CONCLUSIONS An impaired ability to stretch and expand the peripheral lung compartment, as well as increased distances between gas exchange surfaces, were present in young CF mice carrying two independent Cftr mutations. This altered pulmonary histopathophysiology in the peripheral lung compartment, which develops in the absence of infection, is similar to the early lung phenotype of CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Darrah
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
| | - Anna L Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Cara K Campanaro
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Eric S Barbato
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Paul Litman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Abdus Sattar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Mitchell L Drumm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Frank J Jacono
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) are widely distributed throughout the airway mucosa of mammalian lung as solitary cells and as distinctive innervated clusters, neuroepithelial bodies (NEB). These cells differentiate early during lung development and are more prominent in fetal/neonatal lungs compared to adults. PNEC/NEB cells produce biogenic amine (serotonin) and a variety of peptides (i.e., bombesin) involved in regulation of lung function. During the perinatal period, NEB are thought to function as airway O(2)/CO(2) sensors. Increased numbers of PNEC/NEBs have been observed in a variety of perinatal and postnatal lung disorders. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of these cells, as they relate to perinatal and postnatal lung disorders associated with PNEC/NEB cell hyperplasia are reviewed and their possible role in pulmonary pathobiology discussed (WC 125).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Cutz
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G1x8; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Chevillard L, Declèves X, Baud FJ, Risède P, Mégarbane B. Respiratory effects of diazepam/methadone combination in rats: a study based on concentration/effect relationships. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 131:298-307. [PMID: 23332448 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methadone may cause respiratory depression and fatalities. Concomitant use of benzodiazepines in methadone-treated patients for chronic pain or as maintenance therapy for opiate abuse is common. However, the exact contribution of benzodiazepines to methadone-induced respiratory toxicity remains debatable. METHODS We investigated the respiratory effects of the combination diazepam (20mg/kg)/methadone (5mg/kg) in the rat, focusing on methadone concentration/effect relationships. Respiratory effects were studied using arterial blood gases and whole-body plethysmography. Plasma concentrations of both R- and S-methadone enantiomers were measured using high-performance liquid chiral chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. To clarify mechanisms of diazepam/methadone interaction, methadone metabolism was investigated in vitro using rat liver microsomes. RESULTS Diazepam/methadone co-administration significantly increased methadone-related effects on inspiratory time (p<0.001) but did not significantly alter the other respiratory parameters when compared with methadone alone, despite significant increase in the area under the curve of plasma R-methadone concentrations measured during 240 min (p<0.05). Diazepam/methadone co-incubation with microsomes in vitro resulted in a significant inhibition of methadone metabolism (p<0.01), with 50%-inhibitory diazepam concentrations of 25.02 ± 0.18 μmol/L and 25.18 ± 0.23 μmol/L for R- and S-methadone, respectively. CONCLUSION We concluded that co-administration of high-doses of diazepam and methadone in rats is not responsible for additional respiratory depression in comparison to methadone alone, despite significant metabolic interaction between the drugs. In humans, although our experimental data may suggest the relative safety of benzodiazepine/methadone co-prescription, physicians should remain cautious as other underlying conditions may enhance this drug-drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Chevillard
- INSERM U705, CNRS UMR8206, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Neuropsychopharmacologie des addictions, Paris, France.
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Gender and strain contributions to the variability of buprenorphine-related respiratory toxicity in mice. Toxicology 2013; 305:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Comparison of tolerance to morphine-induced respiratory and analgesic effects in mice. Toxicol Lett 2013; 217:251-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Respiratory toxicity of buprenorphine results from the blockage of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of norbuprenorphine at the blood-brain barrier in mice. Crit Care Med 2013; 40:3215-23. [PMID: 22975888 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318265680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deaths due to asphyxia as well as following acute poisoning with severe respiratory depression have been attributed to buprenorphine in opioid abusers. However, in human and animal studies, buprenorphine exhibited ceiling respiratory effects, whereas its metabolite, norbuprenorphine, was assessed as being a potent respiratory depressor in rodents. Recently, norbuprenorphine, in contrast to buprenorphine, was shown in vitro to be a substrate of human P-glycoprotein, a drug-transporter involved in all steps of pharmacokinetics including transport at the blood-brain barrier. Our objectives were to assess P-glycoprotein involvement in norbuprenorphine transport in vivo and study its role in the modulation of buprenorphine-related respiratory effects in mice. SETTING University-affiliated research laboratory, INSERM U705, Paris, France. SUBJECTS Wild-type and P-glycoprotein knockout female Friend virus B-type mice. INTERVENTIONS Respiratory effects were studied using plethysmography and the P-glycoprotein role at the blood-brain barrier using in situ brain perfusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Norbuprenorphine(≥ 1 mg/kg) and to a lesser extent buprenorphine (≥ 10 mg/kg) were responsible for dose-dependent respiratory depression combining increased inspiratory (TI) and expiratory times (TE). PSC833, a powerful P-glycoprotein inhibitor, significantly enhanced buprenorphine-related effects on TI (p < .01) and TE (p < .05) and norbuprenorphine-related effects on minute volume (VE, p < .05), TI, and TE (p < .001). In P-glycoprotein-knockout mice, buprenorphine-related effects on VE (p < .01), TE (p < .001), and TI (p < .05) and norbuprenorphine-related effects on VE (p < .05) and TI (p < .001) were significantly enhanced. Plasma norbuprenorphine concentrations were significantly increased in PSC833-treated mice (p < .001), supporting a P-glycoprotein role in norbuprenorphine pharmacokinetics. Brain norbuprenorphine efflux was significantly reduced in PSC833-treated and P-glycoprotein-knockout mice (p < .001), supporting P-glycoprotein-mediated norbuprenorphine transport at the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSIONS P-glycoprotein plays a key-protective role in buprenorphine-related respiratory effects, by allowing norbuprenorphine efflux at the blood-brain barrier. Our findings suggest a major role for drug-drug interactions that lead to P-glycoprotein inhibition in buprenorphine-associated fatalities and respiratory depression.
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Darrah RJ, Bederman IR, Mitchell AL, Hodges CA, Campanaro CK, Drumm ML, Jacono FJ. Ventilatory pattern and energy expenditure are altered in cystic fibrosis mice. J Cyst Fibros 2013; 12:345-51. [PMID: 23290341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered ventilatory pattern and increased energy expenditure are facets of the complex cystic fibrosis (CF) phenotype. It is not known whether these are inherent attributes of CF, secondary consequences of lung infection or other disease complications. METHODS Studies were performed in congenic C57BL/6J, F508del (Cftr((tm1kth))) and CF gut-corrected (F508del) mice. Ventilatory patterns were measured using whole-body plethysmography. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and resting energy expenditure. RESULTS CF mice (F508del and F508del gut-corrected) have a significantly faster respiratory rate and increased ventilatory pattern variability as compared to non-CF mice. F508del but not CF gut-corrected mice had significantly increased energy expenditure per gram body weight. CONCLUSIONS CF mice exhibit a faster, more variable ventilatory pattern. These changes were present in the absence of detectable infection or illness due to gastrointestinal obstruction. Increased resting energy expenditure does not completely account for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Darrah
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
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Beaune S, Callebert J, Baud FJ, Risède P, Juvin P, Mégarbane B. Mechanisms of high-dose citalopram-induced death in a rat model. Toxicology 2012; 302:248-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Epaud R, Aubey F, Xu J, Chaker Z, Clemessy M, Dautin A, Ahamed K, Bonora M, Hoyeau N, Fléjou JF, Mailleux A, Clement A, Henrion-Caude A, Holzenberger M. Knockout of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor impairs distal lung morphogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48071. [PMID: 23139760 PMCID: PMC3491012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II) are pleiotropic regulators of somatic growth and development in vertebrate species. Endocrine and paracrine effects of both hormones are mediated by a common IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Lethal respiratory failure in neonatal IGF-1R knockout mice suggested a particular role for this receptor in pulmonary development, and we therefore investigated the consequences of IGF-1R inactivation in lung tissue. Methods and Findings We first generated compound heterozygous mutant mice harboring a hypomorphic (Igf1rneo) and a null (Igf1r−) allele. These IGF-1Rneo/− mice express only 22% of normal IGF-1R levels and are viable. In adult IGF-1Rneo/− mice, we assessed lung morphology and respiratory physiology and found normal histomorphometric characteristics and normal breathing response to hypercapnia. We then generated homozygous IGF-1R knockout mutants (IGF-1R−/−) and analyzed their lung development during late gestation using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical methods. IGF-1R−/− embryos displayed severe lung hypoplasia and markedly underdeveloped diaphragms, leading to lethal neonatal respiratory distress. Importantly, IGF-1R−/− lungs from late gestation embryos were four times smaller than control lungs and showed markedly thickened intersaccular mesenchyme, indicating strongly delayed lung maturation. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were significantly increased in IGF-1R−/− lung tissue as compared with IGF-1R+/+ controls. Immunohistochemistry using pro-SP-C, NKX2-1, CD31 and vWF as markers revealed a delay in cell differentiation and arrest in the canalicular stage of prenatal respiratory organ development in IGF-1R−/− mutant mice. Conclusions/Significance We found that low levels of IGF-1R were sufficient to ensure normal lung development in mice. In contrast, complete absence of IGF-1R significantly delayed end-gestational lung maturation. Results indicate that IGF-1R plays essential roles in cell proliferation and timing of cell differentiation during fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Epaud
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM U955, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Flore Aubey
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Jie Xu
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Zayna Chaker
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Maud Clemessy
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dautin
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Karmène Ahamed
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Monique Bonora
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Hoyeau
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Fléjou
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Annick Clement
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Henrion-Caude
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Martin Holzenberger
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Does modulation of organic cation transporters improve pralidoxime activity in an animal model of organophosphate poisoning? Crit Care Med 2011; 39:803-11. [PMID: 21242797 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318206d52f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pralidoxime is an organic cation used as an antidote in addition to atropine to treat organophosphate poisoning. Pralidoxime is rapidly eliminated by the renal route and thus has limited action. The objectives of this work were as follows. 1) Study the role of organic cation transporters in the renal secretion of pralidoxime using organic cation transporter substrates (tetraethylammonium) and knockout mice (Oct1/2⁻/⁻; Oct3⁻/⁻). 2) Assess whether sustained high plasma concentrations increase pralidoxime antidotal activity toward paraoxon-induced respiratory toxicity. SETTING INSERM U705, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France. SUBJECTS Rodents: Knockout mice (Oct1/2⁻/⁻; Oct3⁻/⁻) and Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In rats, the renal clearance of pralidoxime was 3.6-fold higher than the creatinine clearance. Pretreatment with tetraethylammonium (75 mg/kg) in rats or deficiencies in organic cation transporters 1 and 2 in mice (Oct1/2⁻/⁻) resulted in a significant increase in plasma pralidoxime concentrations. Lack of Oct3 did not alter plasma pralidoxime concentrations. The antidotal activity of pralidoxime (50 mg/kg intramuscularly) was longer and with greater effect, resulting in a return to normal values when administered to rats pretreated with tetraethylammonium. CONCLUSIONS Pralidoxime is secreted in rats and mice by renal Oct1 and/or Oct2 but not by Oct3. Modulation of organic cation transporter activity increased the plasma pralidoxime concentrations and the antidotal effect of pralidoxime with sustained return within the normal range of respiratory variables in paraoxon-poisoned rats. These results suggest a promising approach in an animal model toward the increase in efficiency of pralidoxime. However, further studies are needed before these results are extended to human poisoning.
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Visualization of respiratory flows from 3D reconstructed alveolar airspaces using X-ray tomographic microscopy. J Vis (Tokyo) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-010-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chevillard L, Mégarbane B, Baud FJ, Risède P, Declèves X, Mager D, Milan N, Ricordel I. Mechanisms of respiratory insufficiency induced by methadone overdose in rats. Addict Biol 2010; 15:62-80. [PMID: 20002023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methadone may cause respiratory depression. We aimed to understand methadone-related effects on ventilation as well as each opioid-receptor (OR) role. We studied the respiratory effects of intraperitoneal methadone at 1.5, 5, and 15 mg/kg (corresponding to 80% of the lethal dose-50%) in rats using arterial blood gases and plethysmography. OR antagonists, including intravenous 10 mg/kg-naloxonazine at 5 minutes (mu-OR antagonist), subcutaneous 30 mg/kg-naloxonazine at 24 hours (micro1-OR antagonist), 3 mg/kg-naltrindole at 45 minutes (delta-OR antagonist) and 5 mg/kg-Nor-binaltorphimine at 6 hours (kappa-OR antagonist) were pre-administered. Plasma concentrations of methadone enantiomers were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry. Methadone dose-dependent inspiratory time (T(I)) increase tended to be linear. Respiratory depression was observed only at 15 mg/kg and characterized by an increase in expiratory time (T(E)) resulting in hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. Intravenous naloxonazine completely reversed all methadone-related effects on ventilation, while subcutaneous naloxonazine reduced its effects on pH (P < 0.05), PaCO(2) (P < 0.01) and T(E) (P < 0.001) but only partially on T(I) (P < 0.001). Naltrindole reduced methadone-related effects on T(E) (P < 0.001). Nor-binaltorphimine increased methadone-related effects on pH and PaO(2) (P < 0.05) Respiratory effects as a function of plasma R-methadone concentrations showed a decrease in PaO(2) (EC(50): 1.14 microg/ml) at lower concentrations than those necessary for PaCO(2) increase (EC(50): 3.35 microg/ml). Similarly, increased T(I) (EC(50): 0.501 microg/ml) was obtained at lower concentrations than those for T(E) (EC(50): 4.83 microg/ml). Methadone-induced hypoxemia is caused by mu-ORs and modulated by kappa-ORs. Additionally, methadone-induced increase in T(E) is caused by mu1- and delta-opioid receptors while increase in T(I) is caused by mu-ORs.
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MESH Headings
- Acidosis, Respiratory/chemically induced
- Acidosis, Respiratory/physiopathology
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Overdose/physiopathology
- Exhalation/drug effects
- Exhalation/physiology
- Hypoxia/chemically induced
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Methadone/pharmacokinetics
- Methadone/toxicity
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Narcotics/pharmacokinetics
- Narcotics/toxicity
- Oxygen/blood
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Chevillard
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Neuropsychopharmacologie des addictions, CNRS, UMR 7157, Paris, France
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Chevillard L, Mégarbane B, Risède P, Baud FJ. Characteristics and comparative severity of respiratory response to toxic doses of fentanyl, methadone, morphine, and buprenorphine in rats. Toxicol Lett 2009; 191:327-40. [PMID: 19819313 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are known to induce respiratory depression. We aimed to characterize in rats the effects of four opioids on arterial blood gases and plethysmography after intraperitoneal administration at 80% of their LD(50) in order to identify opioid molecule-specific patterns and classify response severity. Opioid-receptor (OR) antagonists, including intravenous 10 mg kg(-1)-naloxonazine at 5 min [mu-OR antagonist], subcutaneous 30 mg kg(-1)-naloxonazine at 24 h [mu1-OR antagonist], subcutaneous 3 mg kg(-1)-naltrindole at 45 min [delta-OR antagonist], and subcutaneous 5 mg kg(-1)-Nor-binaltorphimine at 6 h [kappa-OR antagonist] were pre-administered to test the role of each OR. Methadone, morphine, and fentanyl significantly decreased PaO(2) (P<0.001) and increased PaCO(2) (P<0.05), while buprenorphine only decreased PaO(2) (P<0.05). While all opioids significantly increased inspiratory time (T(I), P<0.001), methadone and fentanyl also increased expiratory time (T(E), P<0.05). Intravenous 10 mg kg(-1)-naloxonazine at 5 min completely reversed opioid-related effects on PaO(2) (P<0.05), PaCO(2) (P<0.001), T(I) (P<0.05), and T(E) (P<0.01) except in buprenorphine. Subcutaneous 30 mg kg(-1)-naloxonazine at 24 h completely reversed effects on PaCO(2) (P<0.01) and T(E) (P<0.001), partially reversed effects on T(I) (P<0.001), and did not reverse effects on PaO(2). Naltrindole reversed methadone-induced T(E) increases (P<0.01) but worsened fentanyl's effect on PaCO(2) (P<0.05) and T(I) (P<0.05). Nor-binaltorphimine reversed morphine- and buprenorphine-induced T(I) increases (P<0.001) but worsened methadone's effect on PaO(2) (P<0.05) and morphine (P<0.001) and buprenorphine's (P<0.01) effects on pH. In conclusion, opioid-related respiratory patterns are not uniform. Opioid-induced hypoxemia as well as increases in T(I) and T(E) are caused by mu-OR, while delta and kappa-OR roles appear limited, depending on the specific opioid. Regarding severity of opioid-induced respiratory effects at 80% of their LD(50), all drugs increased T(I). Methadone and fentanyl induced hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and T(E) increases, morphine caused both hypoxemia and hypercapnia while buprenorphine caused only hypoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Chevillard
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Neuropsychopharmacologie des addictions, CNRS, UMR7157, 75010 Paris, France
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18
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Bonvin E, Le Rouzic P, Bernaudin JF, Cottart CH, Vandebrouck C, Crié A, Leal T, Clement A, Bonora M. Congenital tracheal malformation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-deficient mice. J Physiol 2008; 586:3231-43. [PMID: 18450781 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.150763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the major alteration in pulmonary function is due to peripheral airway obstruction. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that alterations in the extrathoracic airways, particularly in the trachea that expresses high levels of CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator), may contribute to respiratory dysfunction. We performed morphological analyses of the trachea and airway functional studies in adult Cftr knockout (Cftr(-/-)) and F508del-CFTR mice and their controls. Macroscopic and histological examination of the trachea showed the presence of one to seven disrupted or incomplete cartilage rings in Cftr(-/-) mice (23/25) while only a few Cftr(+/+) mice (6/25) had one abnormal ring. Tracheal defects were mainly localized in the proximal trachea. In 14 Cftr(-/-) mice, frontal disruption of the first three to six rings below the cricoid cartilage were associated with upper tracheal constriction. Similar tracheal abnormalities were detected in adult F508del-CFTR and in newborn Cftr(-/-) and F508del-CFTR mice. Tracheal and ventilatory function analyses showed in Cftr(-/-) mice a decreased contractile response of the proximal trachea and a reduced breathing rate due to an increase in the inspiratory and expiratory times. In F508del-CFTR mice, the expiratory time was longer than in controls. Therefore, these structural and functional abnormalities detected in adult and newborn CF mouse models may represent congenital malformations related to CFTR dysfunction. These results raise important questions concerning the mechanisms governing tracheal development within the context of CFTR protein dysfunction and the implication of such abnormalities in the pathogenesis of airway disease in CF.
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19
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Jacquot J, Tabary O, Le Rouzic P, Clement A. Airway epithelial cell inflammatory signalling in cystic fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1703-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Cottart CH, Bonvin E, Rey C, Wendum D, Bernaudin JF, Dumont S, Lasnier E, Debray D, Clément A, Housset C, Bonora M. Impact of nutrition on phenotype in CFTR-deficient mice. Pediatr Res 2007; 62:528-32. [PMID: 17805210 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e318155a61d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the impact of nutrition in cystic fibrosis (CF), we compared the phenotypic traits of Cftr -/- mice fed either a lipid-enriched liquid diet (Peptamen) or a standard chow combined with polyethylenglycol osmotic laxative (PEG), two strategies commonly used to prevent intestinal obstruction in CF mice. Survival, growth, liver, and ventilatory status were determined in Cftr -/- and Cftr +/+ mice, followed-up until 120 d. Ventilation was recorded in conscious animals using whole-body plethysmography. We found that the survival rate was similar in Peptamen and PEG Cftr -/- mice. Cftr -/- mice had lower minute ventilation than Cftr +/+ mice, whatever the diet. Both Cftr -/- and Cftr +/+ mice fed Peptamen displayed preadult growth delay compared with PEG-treated animals. Despite subsequent growth catch-up, Cftr -/- mice remained smaller than Cftr +/+ mice, whatever the diet. All Peptamen fed Cftr -/- mice showed hepatomegaly and liver steatosis, which also occurred but to a lesser extent in Peptamen fed Cftr +/+ animals. Therefore, while both treatment strategies are similarly efficient to avoid high mortality at weaning, Peptamen induces preadult growth delay and liver steatosis. These effects of diet are important to consider in future animal studies and also prompt to evaluate high-energy diets in CF patients.
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21
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Cutz E, Yeger H, Pan J. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell system in pediatric lung disease-recent advances. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007; 10:419-35. [PMID: 18001162 DOI: 10.2350/07-04-0267.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium of human and animal lungs contains highly specialized pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC), distributed as solitary cells and as innervated clusters, neuroepithelial bodies (NEB). The designation "PNEC system" stems from the expression of both neural and endocrine cell phenotypes, including the synthesis and release of amine (serotonin, 5-HT) and a variety of neuropeptides (that is, bombesin). The role and function of PNEC in the lung have remained a subject of speculation for many years. During the last decade, studies using modern techniques of cellular and molecular biology revealed a complex functional role for PNEC, beginning during the early stages of lung development as modulators of fetal lung growth and differentiation and at the time of birth as airway O2 sensors involved in neonatal adaptation. Postnatally and beyond, PNEC/NEB are providers of a lung stem cell niche that is important in airway epithelial regeneration and lung carcinogenesis. The focus of this review is to present and discuss recent findings pertaining to the responses of PNEC to intrauterine environmental stimuli, ontogeny and molecular regulation of PNEC differentiation, innervation of NEB, and their role as airway chemoreceptors, including mechanisms of O2 sensing and chemotransmission of hypoxia stimulus. Abnormalities of PNEC/NEB have been reported in a variety of pediatric pulmonary disorders but the clinical significance or the mechanisms involved are unknown. The discussion on the possible role of PNEC/NEB in the pathogenesis and pathobiology of pediatric lung diseases includes congenital lung disorders, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, disorders of respiratory control, neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy, cystic fibrosis, bronchial asthma, and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Cutz
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto,ON, Canada.
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22
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Villa AF, Houze P, Monier C, Risède P, Sarhan H, Borron SW, Mégarbane B, Garnier R, Baud FJ. Toxic doses of paraoxon alter the respiratory pattern without causing respiratory failure in rats. Toxicology 2007; 232:37-49. [PMID: 17250945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory failure, through a combination of muscarinic, nicotinic, and central effects, is the primary cause of death in acute organophosphate poisoning. However, the mechanisms inducing respiratory failure remain unclear. In rats poisoned subcutaneously with paraoxon at doses near the LD(50), we studied the pattern of respiration using whole body plethysmography and the occurrence of respiratory failure using arterial blood gases. Subsequently, we studied the effects of atropine on paraoxon-induced modification of ventilation and arterial blood gases. Fifty and 75%, but not 10% of the subcutaneous LD(50) of paraoxon induced marked and sustained signs and symptoms. At 30min post-injection and throughout the study, there was a significant decrease in the respiratory frequency (34% (50% versus solvent), and 29% (75% versus solvent)) and a significant increase in the expiratory time (72% (50% versus solvent) and 60% (75% versus solvent)) with no modifications of the inspiratory time. The tidal volume was significantly increased for the 75% but not for the 50% dose. Apnea was never detected. Even at the 75% dose, paraoxon had no effects on PaO(2), PaCO(2) or HCO(3)(-); however, a significant decrease in arterial pH was observed at 30min (7.34+/-0.07 versus 7.51+/-0.01, p=0.03). Atropine completely reversed the paraoxon-induced respiratory alterations. We conclude that paraoxon, at doses equal to 50 and 75% of the LD(50), alters ventilation at rest without inducing respiratory failure during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine F Villa
- INSERM U705, CNRS UMR 7157, Université Paris 5, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 75010 Paris, France
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23
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Hreiche R, Mégarbane B, Pirnay S, Borron SW, Monier C, Risède P, Milan N, Descatoire V, Pessayre D, Baud FJ. Dexamethasone hepatic induction in rats subsequently treated with high dose buprenorphine does not lead to respiratory depression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 217:352-62. [PMID: 17084876 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In humans, asphyxic deaths and severe poisonings have been attributed to high-dosage buprenorphine, a maintenance therapy for heroin addiction. However, in rats, intravenous buprenorphine at doses up to 90 mg kg(-1) was not associated with significant effects on arterial blood gases. In contrast, norbuprenorphine, the buprenorphine major cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A-derived metabolite, is a potent respiratory depressant. Thus, our aim was to study the consequences of CYP3A induction on buprenorphine-associated effects on resting ventilation in rats. We investigated the effects on ventilation of 30 mg kg(-1) buprenorphine alone or following cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A induction with dexamethasone, using whole body plethysmography (N=24) and arterial blood gases (N=12). Randomized animals in 4 groups received sequential intraperitoneal dosing with: (dexamethasone [days 1-3]+buprenorphine [day 4]), (dexamethasone solvent [days 1-3]+buprenorphine [day 4]), (dexamethasone [days 1-3]+buprenorphine solvent [day 4]), or (dexamethasone solvent [days 1-3]+buprenorphine solvent [day 4]). Buprenorphine alone caused a significant rapid and sustained increase in the inspiratory time (P<0.001), without significant effects on the respiratory frequency, the tidal volume, the minute volume, or arterial blood gases. In dexamethasone-pretreated rats, there was no significant alteration in the respiratory parameters, despite CYP3A induction and significant increase of the ratio of plasma norbuprenorphine-to-buprenorphine concentrations. In conclusion, dexamethasone did not modify the effects of 30 mg kg(-1) buprenorphine on rat ventilation. Our results suggest a limited role of drug-mediated CYP3A induction in the occurrence of buprenorphine-attributed respiratory depression in addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Hreiche
- INSERM U705, CNRS UMR 7157, Université Paris 7, Université Paris 5, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 75010 Paris, France
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24
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Pan J, Luk C, Kent G, Cutz E, Yeger H. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, airway innervation, and smooth muscle are altered in Cftr null mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35:320-6. [PMID: 16614351 PMCID: PMC2643285 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0468oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The amine- and peptide-producing pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) are widely distributed within the airway mucosa of mammalian lung as solitary cells and innervated clusters, neuroepithelial bodies (NEB), which function as airway O2 sensors. These cells express Cftr and hence could play a role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We performed confocal microscopy and morphometric analysis on lung sections from Cftr-/- (null), Cftr+/+, and Cftr+/- (control) mice at developmental stages E20, P5, P9, and P30 to determine the distribution, frequency, and innervation of PNEC/NEB, innervation and cell mass of airway smooth muscle, and neuromuscular junctions using synaptic vesicle protein 2, smooth muscle actin, and synaptophysin markers, respectively. The mean number of PNEC/NEB in Cftr-/- mice was significantly reduced compared with control mice at E20, whereas comparable or increased numbers were observed postnatally. NEB cells in Cftr null mice showed a significant reduction in intracorpuscular nerve endings compared with control mice, which is consistent with an intrinsic abnormality of the PNEC system. The airways of Cftr-/- mice showed reduced density (approximately 20-30%) of smooth muscle innervation, decreased mean airway smooth muscle mass (approximately 35%), and reduced density (approximately 20%) of nerve endings compared with control mice. We conclude that the airways of Cftr-/- mice exhibit heretofore unappreciated structural alterations affecting cellular and neural components of the PNEC system and airway smooth muscle and its innervation resulting in blunted O2 sensing and reduced airway tonus. Cftr could play a role in the development of the PNEC system, lung innervation, and airway smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Bensalem N, Ventura AP, Vallée B, Lipecka J, Tondelier D, Davezac N, Dos Santos A, Perretti M, Fajac A, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Renouil M, Lesure JF, Halgand F, Laprévote O, Edelman A. Down-regulation of the anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 in cystic fibrosis knock-out mice and patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 4:1591-601. [PMID: 16014420 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500019-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a fatal human genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene encoding a cAMP-activated chloride channel. It is characterized by abnormal fluid transport across secretory epithelia and chronic inflammation in lung, pancreas, and intestine. Because cystic fibrosis (CF) pathophysiology cannot be explained solely by dysfunction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), we applied a proteomic approach (bidimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) to search for differentially expressed proteins between mice lacking cftr (cftr(tm1Unc), cftr-/-) and controls using colonic crypts from young animals, i.e. prior to the development of intestinal inflammation. By analyzing total proteins separated in the range of pH 6-11, we detected 24 differentially expressed proteins (>2-fold). In this work, we focused on one of these proteins that was absent in two-dimensional gels from cftr-/- mice. This protein spot (molecular mass, 37 kDa; pI 7) was identified by mass spectrometry as annexin A1, an anti-inflammatory protein. Interestingly, annexin A1 was also undetectable in lungs and pancreas of cftr-/- mice, tissues known to express CFTR. Absence of this inhibitory mediator of the host inflammatory response was associated with colonic up-regulation of the proinflammatory cytosolic phospholipase A2. More importantly, annexin A1 was down-regulated in nasal epithelial cells from CF patients bearing homozygous nonsense mutations in the CFTR gene (Y122X, 489delC) and differentially expressed in F508del patients. These results suggest that annexin A1 may be a key protein involved in CF pathogenesis especially in relation to the not well defined field of inflammation in CF. We suggest that decreased expression of annexin A1 contributes to the worsening of the CF phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Annexin A1/chemistry
- Annexin A1/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Codon, Nonsense/genetics
- Colon/cytology
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Cystic Fibrosis/genetics
- Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/deficiency
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Nasal Mucosa/cytology
- Nasal Mucosa/metabolism
- Nasal Mucosa/pathology
- Pancreas/cytology
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/pathology
- Protein Transport
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Bensalem
- INSERM U467, Faculté de médecine Necker, Université Paris-Descartes, France
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Zaidi T, Mowrey-Mckee M, Pier GB. Hypoxia increases corneal cell expression of CFTR leading to increased Pseudomonas aeruginosa binding, internalization, and initiation of inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:4066-74. [PMID: 15505057 PMCID: PMC1317302 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of hypoxia-induced molecular responses of corneal epithelial cells on the surface of rabbit and human corneas and corneal cells in culture on interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that may underlie increased susceptibility to keratitis. METHODS Organ cultures of rabbit and human corneal tissue, primary rabbit and human corneal cells, and transformed human corneal cells from a patient with cystic fibrosis and the same cell line corrected for expression of wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the cellular receptor for P. aeruginosa, were exposed to hypoxic conditions for 24 to 72 hours. Changes in binding and internalization of P. aeruginosa were measured using cellular association and gentamicin-exclusion assays, and expression of CFTR and activation of NF-kappaB in response to hypoxia were determined by confocal laser microscopy and quantitative measurements of NF-kappaB activation. RESULTS Hypoxia induced in a time- and oxygen-concentration-dependent manner increased association and internalization of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in all cells tested. Hypoxia increased CFTR expression and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in rabbit and human cells with wild-type CFTR. Corneal cells lacking CFTR had reduced NF-kappaB activation in response to hypoxia. Hypoxia did not affect the increase in corneal cell CFTR levels or NF-kappaB activation after P. aeruginosa infection. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic conditions on the cornea exacerbate the binding and internalization of P. aeruginosa due to increased levels of CFTR expression and also induce basal NF-kappaB activation. Both of these responses probably exacerbate the effects of P. aeruginosa infection by allowing lower infectious doses of bacteria to induce disease and promote destructive inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Zaidi
- From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Gerald B. Pier
- From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Corresponding author: Gerald B. Pier, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA;
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