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Puah BP, Jalil J, Attiq A, Kamisah Y. New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133888. [PMID: 34202203 PMCID: PMC8270321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways. To further explore the real potential of lycopene in cancer prevention, this review discusses the new insights and perspectives on the anti-cancer activities of lycopene which could help to drive new direction for research. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is being highlighted, whereby lycopene suppresses cancer via resolution of inflammation are also discussed herein. The immune system was found to be a part of the anti-cancer system of lycopene as it modulates immune cells to suppress tumor growth and progression. Lycopene, which is under the family of carotenoids, was found to play special role in suppressing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon-Peng Puah
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7533
| | - Ali Attiq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Abstract
Lycopene, a natural antioxidant found predominantly in to mato products, is attracting attention as a cancer prevention agent. Serum and dietary lycopene levels have been found to be inversely related to the incidence of several types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Although the antioxidant properties of lycopene are thought to be primarily responsible for its apparent beneficial effects, other mechanisms may also be involved. We outline the possible mechanisms of action of lycopene and review the current findings of in vitroand in vivostudies in cancer prevention and to some extent treatment. We examine the epidemiologic evidence regarding consumption of tomato and tomato products with the risk of cancer at various sites. Data suggest lycopene may account for or contribute to chemoprevention, but this hypothesis requires further study. Numerous other potentially beneficial compounds are present in tomatoes and complex interactions among multiple components may contribute to the anticancer properties of tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Hwang
- Department of Human Nutrition (M/C 517), 1919 W. Taylor Street, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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El-Abd EA, Sultan AS, Shalaby EA, Matalkah F. Animal Models of Breast Cancer. Omics Approaches in Breast Cancer 2014:297-314. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-0843-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments that provide bright coloration to plants and animals. Dietary intake of carotenoids is inversely associated with the risk of a variety of cancers in different tissues. Preclinical studies have shown that some carotenoids have potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential preventive and/or therapeutic roles for the compounds. Since chemoprevention is one of the most important strategies in the control of cancer development, molecular mechanism-based cancer chemoprevention using carotenoids seems to be an attractive approach. Various carotenoids, such as β-carotene, a-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, fucoxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, have been proven to have anti-carcinogenic activity in several tissues, although high doses of β-carotene failed to exhibit chemopreventive activity in clinical trials. In this review, cancer prevention using carotenoids are reviewed and the possible mechanisms of action are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Tohkai Cytopathology Institute, Cancer Research and Prevention-TCI-CaRP, 5-1-2 Minami-Uzura, Gifu 500-8285, Japan.
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Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Akdemir F, Ozercan I, Bayraktar S, Kucuk O. Inhibitory effects of combination of lycopene and genistein on 7,12- dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in rats. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1279-86. [PMID: 21958026 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.606955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Carotenoids and soy isoflavones have been postulated to have breast cancer preventive effects. We investigated the potential preventive effects of lycopene and genistein, alone and in combination, on breast cancer development in female Wistar rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a carcinogen known to induce breast tumors. Mammary carcinogenesis was initiated by a single, oral gavage of DMBA (80 mg/kg body weight) at 55 days of animal age. Fifty female Wistar rats were divided into 5 experimental groups having 10 animals per group: Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (DMBA control), Group 3 (DMBA + lycopene), Group 4 (DMBA + genistein), and Group 5 (DMBA + lycopene and genistein). Rats were fed either lycopene (20 mg /kg bw) or genistein (2 mg /kg bw) by oral gavage (3 times per week) starting 2 wk prior to DMBA injection. Treatment was continued for 20 wk. Rats treated with DMBA developed mammary tumors with 100% tumor incidence during the 20-wk study. Inhibition of mammary cancer incidence by lycopene (70%), genistein (60%) and their combination (40%) was observed. Tumor weight decreased by 48%, 61%, and 67%, and mean tumor volume decreased by 18%, 35%, and 65% with lycopene, genistein, and lycopene + genistein, respectively (P < 0.01 for the combination). The proportions of adenocarcinoma masses decreased with lycopene and genistein combination (P < 0.05). Administration of lycopene and genistein combination suppressed breast cancer development and was associated with a decrease in MDA, 8-isoprostane, and 8-OhdG levels and with an increase in serum lycopene and genistein levels. Animals administered DMBA developed breast cancer, which was associated with increased expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9 in mammary tissues. Administration of genistein and lycopene in combination was more effective in inhibiting DMBA-induced breast tumors and modulating the expression of apoptosis associated proteins than the administration of each agent alone. Our results suggest that lycopene and genistein are potent antioxidants and, when given in combination, offer maximum protection against DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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Hu F, Wang Yi B, Zhang W, Liang J, Lin C, Li D, Wang F, Pang D, Zhao Y. Carotenoids and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:239-53. [PMID: 21901390 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to comprehensively summarize the associations between carotenoids and breast cancer and quantitatively estimate their dose-response relationships. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (from January 1982 to 1 May 2011) and the references of the relevant articles in English with sufficient information to estimate relative risk or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals, and comparable categories of carotenoids. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form; with any discrepancy adjudicated by the third reviewer. 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. Comparing the highest with the lowest intake: dietary α-carotene intake significantly reduced the breast cancer risk by 9.0% (pooled RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; P = 0.01), dietary β-carotene intake reduced the risk by 6.0% (pooled RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88-1.00; P = 0.05); total β-carotene intake reduced the risk by 5.0% (pooled RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90-1.01; P = 0.08) when data from cohort studies were pooled. Significant dose-response relationships were observed in both the higher intake of dietary and total β-carotene with reduced breast cancer risk when data from cohort studies (P (trend) < 0.01, P (trend) = 0.03) and case-control studies (P (trend) < 0.01, P (trend) < 0.01) were pooled, respectively. Dietary α-carotene intake could reduce the breast cancer risk. The relationships between dietary and total β-carotene intake and breast cancer need to be confirmed. No significant association between dietary intake of β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/+zeaxanthin, and lycopene and breast cancer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Tan HL, Thomas-Ahner JM, Grainger EM, Wan L, Francis DM, Schwartz SJ, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Tomato-based food products for prostate cancer prevention: what have we learned? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:553-68. [PMID: 20803054 PMCID: PMC3806204 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence derived from a vast array of laboratory studies and epidemiological investigations have implicated diets rich in fruits and vegetables with a reduced risk of certain cancers. However, these approaches cannot demonstrate causal relationships and there is a paucity of randomized, controlled trials due to the difficulties involved with executing studies of food and behavioral change. Rather than pursuing the definitive intervention trials that are necessary, the thrust of research in recent decades has been driven by a reductionist approach focusing upon the identification of bioactive components in fruits and vegetables with the subsequent development of single agents using a pharmacologic approach. At this point in time, there are no chemopreventive strategies that are standard of care in medical practice that have resulted from this approach. This review describes an alternative approach focusing upon development of tomato-based food products for human clinical trials targeting cancer prevention and as an adjunct to therapy. Tomatoes are a source of bioactive phytochemicals and are widely consumed. The phytochemical pattern of tomato products can be manipulated to optimize anticancer activity through genetics, horticultural techniques, and food processing. The opportunity to develop a highly consistent tomato-based food product rich in anticancer phytochemicals for clinical trials targeting specific cancers, particularly the prostate, necessitates the interactive transdisciplinary research efforts of horticulturalists, food technologists, cancer biologists, and clinical translational investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Li Tan
- The Ohio State University Nutrition (OSUN) Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | - Lei Wan
- The Ohio State University Nutrition (OSUN) Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David M. Francis
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and the Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, A456 Starling Loving Hall, 320 West 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
It is estimated that nearly one-third of all cancer deaths in the United States could be prevented through appropriate dietary modification. Various dietary antioxidants have shown considerable promise as effective agents for cancer prevention by reducing oxidative stress which has been implicated in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, for reducing the incidence of cancer, modifications in dietary habits, especially by increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, are increasingly advocated. Accumulating research evidence suggests that many dietary factors may be used alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapeutic agents to prevent the occurrence of cancer, their metastatic spread, or even to treat cancer. The reduced cancer risk and lack of toxicity associated with high intake of fruits and vegetables suggest that specific concentrations of antioxidant agents from these dietary sources may produce cancer chemopreventive effects without causing significant levels of toxicity. This review presents an extensive analysis of the key findings from studies on the effects of dietary antioxidants such as tea polyphenols, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, pomegranate, and lupeol against cancers of the skin, prostate, breast, lung, and liver. This research is also leading to the identification of novel cancer drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghma Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Müller K, Zucoloto S, Albuquerque R, Vannucchi H. Lack of inhibitory effect of lycopene on dysplastic lesions induced by 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene in hamster buccal pouch. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is now recognized as an important etiological factor in the causation of several chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and diabetes. Antioxidants play an important role in mitigating the damaging effects of oxidative stress on cells. Lycopene, a carotenoid antioxidant, has received considerable scientific interest in recent years. Epidemiological, tissue culture, and animal studies provide convincing evidence supporting the role of lycopene in the prevention of chronic diseases. Human intervention studies are now being conducted to validate epidemiological observations and to understand the mechanisms of action of lycopene in disease prevention. To obtain a better understanding of the role of lycopene in human health, this chapter reviews the most recent information pertaining to its chemistry, bioavailability, metabolism, role in the prevention of prostate cancer and cancer of other target organs, its role in cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, hypertension, and male infertility. A discussion of the most relevant molecular markers of cancer is also included as a guide to future researchers in this area. The chapter concludes by reviewing global intake levels of lycopene, suggested levels of intake, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Rao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To perform an integrative research analysis of the literature regarding lycopene, its antioxidant capacity, and its nutritive and physiologic effects on breast cancer. DATA SOURCES Articles published from 1990-2004 using PubMed as the primary retrieval base. DATA SYNTHESIS Forty articles were retrieved and a dimensional analysis was performed based on Fawcett's integrative review process that focused on the following categories: antioxidant, bioavailability, breast cancer risk, and dietary factors. CONCLUSIONS Noted gaps in the literature included lack of a theoretical model and multiple nutritional variables studied that affected statistical interpretation and application. Findings suggest that additional research is needed to effectively study the specific phytochemical attributes of lycopene with regard to breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The emerging area of health-derived benefits from food sources such as lycopene requires additional inquiry into the examination of physiological and nutritional parameters. Nurses should include antioxidant therapy in their base of knowledge when caring for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryle Wane
- Department of Health Occupations at Pasco Hernando Community College in New Port Richey, FL, USA.
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Elmore E, Siddiqui S, Navidi M, Steele VE, Redpath JL. Correlation of in vitro chemopreventive efficacy data from the human epidermal cell assay with animal efficacy data and clinical trial plasma levels. J Cell Biochem 2005; 95:571-88. [PMID: 15786488 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal cell (HEC) assay, which uses carcinogen exposed normal skin keratinocytes to screen for cancer prevention efficacy, was used to screen possible preventive agents. The endpoints measured were inhibition of carcinogen-induced growth and induction of involucrin, an early marker of differentiation. Sixteen of twenty agents (apigenin, apomine, budesonide, N-(2-carboxyphenyl)retinamide, ellagic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin, melatonin, (-)-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid, polyphenon E, resveratrol, beta-sitosterol, sulfasalazine, vitamin E acetate, and zileuton) were positive in at least one of the two assay endpoints. Four agents (4-methoxyphenol, naringenin, palmitoylcarnitine chloride, and silymarin) were negative in the assay. Nine of the sixteen agents were positive for both endpoints. Agents that showed the greatest response included: ellagic acid > budesonide, ibuprofen > apigenin, and quinicrine dihydrochloride. Fifty-eight of sixty-five agents that have been evaluated in the HEC assay have also been evaluated in one or more rodent bioassays for cancer prevention and several are in clinical trials for cancer prevention. The assay has an overall predictive accuracy of approximately 91.4% for efficacy in rodent cancer prevention irrespective of the species used, the tissue model, or the carcinogen used. Comparison of the efficacious concentrations in vitro to plasma levels in clinical trials show that concentrations that produced efficacy in the HEC assay were achieved in clinical studies for 31 of 33 agents for which plasma levels and/or C(max) levels were available. For two agents, 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the plasma levels greatly exceeded the highest concentration (HC) found to have efficacy in vitro. Thus, the HEC assay has an excellent predictive potential for animal efficacy and is responsive at clinically achievable concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Elmore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Hill M, Bausero M, Mazal D, Ménoret S, Khalife J, Anegón I, Osinaga E. Immunobiological Characterization of N-Nitrosomethylurea-Induced Rat Breast Carcinomas: Tumoral IL-10 Expression as a Possible Immune Escape Mechanism. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 84:107-16. [PMID: 14999141 DOI: 10.1023/b:brea.0000018407.47909.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of immunotherapy-based protocols in cancer requires a better understanding of tumor microenvironment and tumor-host interaction. Stromal and immune cells and molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and metalloproteases mediate tumor-host interaction determining, at least in part, tumor development. In the present study, we used an immunohistochemical approach to explore leukocyte sub-populations, cytokine profiles and costimulatory molecule expression in rat N -Nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced breast tumors. Our results show a strong leukocyte infiltration mainly composed of macrophages and TCR alphabeta positive T cells. We observed a weak expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86) and an absence of inflammatory cytokines (IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IP-10) and lymphocyte activation markers (CD25). Interestingly, this immunosuppressed status could be a consequence of IL-10 expression by malignant cells, as demonstrated by immunohistology and western blot analysis, which seems to be an early event during mammary carcinogenesis. Analysis of a cell line derived from an NMU-induced rat breast tumor showed that this cell line also expresses IL-10. This study shows that the NMU model of rat breast cancer could be used to evaluate different immune based therapies as well as to study the role of IL-10 in breast cancer. Furthermore, this rat breast cancer model shows an immunohistological profile similar to that found in human cancer and the fact that it develops like spontaneously arising malignancies make it interesting as a cancer model in immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Hill
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Oncologia Basica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents the latest experimental and clinical research focussing on the relationship between the intake of tomato products and lycopene supplementation and carcinogenesis, with the aim of drawing conclusions for concepts of clinical nutritional support. RECENT FINDINGS Apart from the preventative role of tomato products/lycopene intake there is evidence that oral supplementation of these compounds in cancer patients may also improve the biomarkers of carcinogenesis and reduce tumour growth. New experimental studies in animal models provide insights concerning the potential mechanism(s). SUMMARY Although the first clinical trials are promising, it is too early to make final recommendations for nutritional therapy in cancer patients. Whether the bioactive compound in tomatoes is lycopene or whether other substrates contribute to the beneficial physiological effects is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Müller
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
There are relatively few reports on the cancer chemopreventive effects of lycopene or tomato carotenoids in animal models. The majority, but not all, of these studies indicate a protective effect. Inhibitory effects were reported in two studies using aberrant crypt foci, an intermediate lesion leading to colon cancer, as an end point and in two mammary tumor studies, one using the dimethylbenz(a)anthracene model, and the other the spontaneous mouse model. Inhibitory effects were also reported in mouse lung and rat hepatocarcinoma and bladder cancer models. However, a report from the author's laboratory found no effect in the N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumor model when crystalline lycopene or a lycopene-rich tomato carotenoid oleoresin was administered in the diet. Unfortunately, because of differences in routes of administration (gavage, intraperitoneal injection, intra-rectal instillation, drinking water, and diet supplementation), species and strain differences, form of lycopene (pure crystalline, beadlet, mixed carotenoid suspension), varying diets (grain-based, casein based) and dose ranges (0.5-500 ppm), no two studies are comparable. It is clear that the majority of ingested lycopene is excreted in the feces and that 1000-fold more lycopene is absorbed and stored in the liver than accumulates in other target organs. Nonetheless, physiologically significant (nanogram) levels of lycopene are assimilated by key organs such as breast, prostate, lung, and colon, and there is a rough dose-response relationship between lycopene intake and blood levels. Pure lycopene was absorbed less efficiently than the lycopene-rich tomato carotenoid oleoresin and blood levels of lycopene in rats fed a grain-based diet were consistently lower than those in rats fed lycopene in a casein-based diet. The latter suggests that the matrix in which lycopene is incorporated is an important determinant of lycopene uptake. A number of issues remain to be resolved before any definitive conclusions can be drawn concerning the anticancer effects of lycopene. These include the following: the optimal dose and form of lycopene, interactions among lycopene and other carotenoids and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and D, the role of dietary fat in regulating lycopene uptake and disposition, organ and tissue specificity, and the problem of extrapolation from rodent models to human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A Cohen
- American Health Foundation, 1 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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Guttenplan JB, Chen M, Kosinska W, Thompson S, Zhao Z, Cohen LA. Effects of a lycopene-rich diet on spontaneous and benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenesis in prostate, colon and lungs of the lacZ mouse. Cancer Lett 2001; 164:1-6. [PMID: 11166909 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of lycopene has been associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer. We have investigated the effects of lycopene, fed as a lycopene-rich tomato oleoresin (LTO) at two doses, on in vivo mutagenesis in prostate, colon, and lungs of lacZ mice. Both short-term benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)- induced and long-term spontaneous mutagenesis were monitored. Non-significant inhibition of spontaneous mutagenesis in prostate and colon was observed at the higher dose of LTO, and the observation of inhibition in colon was facilitated by an unusually high spontaneous mutagenesis rate. BaP-induced mutagenesis was slightly inhibited by LTO in prostate. However, enhancement of BaP-induced-mutagenesis was observed in colon and lung. These results indicate that any antimutagenic effects of LTO may be organospecific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Guttenplan
- Division of Basic Sciences/Biochemistry, New York University, Dental Center, 345 E. 24th St., New York, NY 10100, USA.
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