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Matoy EJ, Plowman JN, Watson CJ, Belshan MA, Blue EE, Huff CD, Stessman HAF. In vitro data suggest a role for PMS2 Kozak sequence mutations in Lynch syndrome risk. HGG Adv 2024; 5:100298. [PMID: 38654521 PMCID: PMC11087717 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary cancer syndrome. Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in PMS2 are linked to LS. While these variants are not directly cancer causing, reduced PMS2 function results in the accumulation of somatic variants and increased cancer risk over time due to DNA mismatch repair dysfunction. It is reasonable that other types of genetic variation that impact the expression of PMS2 may also contribute to cancer risk. The Kozak sequence is a highly conserved translation initiation motif among higher eukaryotes and is defined as the nine base pairs upstream of the translation start codon through the first four bases of the translated sequence (5'-[GTT]GCATCCATGG-3'; human PMS2: NM_000535.7). While Kozak sequence variants in PMS2 have been reported in ClinVar in patients with suspected hereditary cancer, all variants upstream of the translation start site are currently classified as variants of undetermined significance (VUSs). We hypothesized that variants significantly disrupting the Kozak sequence of PMS2 would decrease PMS2 protein expression, contributing to increased cancer risk over time. Using a dual-luciferase reporter plasmid and site-directed mutagenesis, we generated the wild-type human PMS2 and the ClinVar VUSs within the PMS2 Kozak sequence. Besides the c.1A>C variant, which is already known to be pathogenic, we implicate six additional variants as American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)/Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) pathogenic supporting (PP) variants and classify ten as benign supporting (BP). In summary, we present a method developed for the classification of human PMS2 Kozak sequence variants that can contribute to the re-classification of VUSs identified in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanjalina J Matoy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Jocelyn N Plowman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Cynthia J Watson
- Creighton University Core Facilities, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Michael A Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Blue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Holly A F Stessman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; Creighton University Core Facilities, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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Wu W, Xu S, Zeng Y, Yu L, Chen T, Shang H, Liu C, Yang B, Ou Q. A genetic variant in the CD40 gene is related to HBV infection in the Chinese Han population. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0331. [PMID: 38051541 PMCID: PMC10697618 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD40 is an important immune costimulatory molecule that has recently been found to be associated with chronic hepatitis B. This study aims to explore the association between CD40 polymorphisms and HBV infection, as well as to investigate the impact of different rs1883832 genotypes on CD40 expression and its effect on the progression of chronic HBV infection. METHODS We genotyped rs1883832 in 3433 individuals using MassARRAY, and quantified the CD40 expression, including CD40 mRNA, sCD40, and mCD40. The CD40 and HBV infection indicators were assessed to investigate the potential function of rs1883832 in suppressing HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 and HepAD38, CD40L in cytotoxic t lymphocytes (CTLs) and interferon-γ, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin were measured to elucidate the mechanism by which CD40 inhibits HBV replication. RESULTS Our study revealed that the frequencies of CC genotype and C allele of rs1883832 were significantly higher in immune recovery compared to chronic hepatitis B. Individuals with CC genotype exhibited significantly elevated CD40 in serum and B cells compared to TT genotypes in chronic hepatitis B. Additionally, CD40 is capable of inhibiting HBV replication and transcription in hepatocytes by means of interaction with CD40L. A significant negative correlation was found between HBV DNA, HBeAg, and mCD40. Conversely, the expressions of ALT and mCD40 showed a positive correlation, which aligns with the trend of CD40L. CONCLUSIONS rs1883832 C allele may have a protective role in HBV immune recovery. This protective effect could potentially be attributed to the regulation of CD40 expression. The activation of the anti-HBV immune response, which occurs through binding CD40L on CTL, can suppress HBV DNA replication and potentially facilitate immune recovery in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luoli Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Gene Diagnosis Research Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Joshi P, Mohr F, Rumig C, Kliemank E, Krenning G, Kopf S, Hecker M, Wagner AH. Impact of the -1T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism of the CD40 gene on the development of endothelial dysfunction in a pro-diabetic microenvironment. Atherosclerosis 2023:117386. [PMID: 38030458 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperglycemia reinforces pro-inflammatory conditions that enhance CD40 expression in endothelial cells (EC). Thymine to cytosine transition (-1T > C) in the promoter of the CD40 gene (rs1883832) further increases the abundance of CD40 protein on the EC surface. This study examines potential associations of the -1T > C SNP of the CD40 gene with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Moreover, it investigates the impact of a pro-inflammatory diabetic microenvironment on gene expression in human cultured umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) derived from CC- vs. TT-genotype donors. METHODS Tetra-ARMS-PCR was used to compare genotype distribution in 252 patients with diabetes. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) plasma levels were monitored using ELISA. RNA-sequencing was performed with sCD40L-stimulated CC- and TT-genotype HUVEC. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, multiplex-sandwich ELISA array, and immunocytochemistry were used to analyse changes in gene expression in these cells. RESULTS Homozygosity for the C-allele was associated with a significant 4.3-fold higher odds of developing T2D as compared to individuals homozygous for the T-allele. Inflammation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) driving genes were upregulated in CC-genotype but downregulated in TT-genotype HUVEC when exposed to sCD40L. Expression of EndMT markers significantly increased while that of endothelial markers decreased in HUVEC following exposure to hyperglycemia, tumour necrosis factor-α and sCD40L. CONCLUSIONS The -1T > C SNP of the CD40 gene is a risk factor for T2D. Depending on the genotype, it differentially affects gene expression in human cultured EC. CC-genotype HUVEC adopt a pro-inflammatory and intermediate EndMT-like phenotype in a pro-diabetic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Joshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Franziska Mohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Cordula Rumig
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Guido Krenning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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Wagner AH, Klersy A, Sultan CS, Hecker M. Potential role of soluble CD40 receptor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115858. [PMID: 37863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD154 are widely expressed in various immune-competent cells. Interaction of CD154 with CD40 is essential for B-cell growth, differentiation, and immunoglobulin class switching. Many other immune-competent cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity communicate through this co-stimulatory ligand-receptor dyad. CD40-CD154 interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While CD40 and CD154 are membrane-bound proteins, their soluble counterparts are generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. This review summarises current knowledge about the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human CD40 gene and compensatory changes in the plasma level of the soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) isoform in related pro-inflammatory diseases. It discusses regulation patterns of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 function leading to ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins, such as pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules or CD40. The role of sCD40 as a potential biomarker for chronic inflammatory diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A Klersy
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C S Sultan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Xie J, Zhuang Z, Gou S, Zhang Q, Wang X, Lan T, Lian M, Li N, Liang Y, Ouyang Z, Ye Y, Wu H, Lai L, Wang K. Precise genome editing of the Kozak sequence enables bidirectional and quantitative modulation of protein translation to anticipated levels without affecting transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10075-10093. [PMID: 37650635 PMCID: PMC10570039 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
None of the existing approaches for regulating gene expression can bidirectionally and quantitatively fine-tune gene expression to desired levels. Here, on the basis of precise manipulations of the Kozak sequence, which has a remarkable influence on translation initiation, we proposed and validated a novel strategy to directly modify the upstream nucleotides of the translation initiation codon of a given gene to flexibly alter the gene translation level by using base editors and prime editors. When the three nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon (named KZ3, part of the Kozak sequence), which exhibits the most significant base preference of the Kozak sequence, were selected as the editing region to alter the translation levels of proteins, we confirmed that each of the 64 KZ3 variants had a different translation efficiency, but all had similar transcription levels. Using the ranked KZ3 variants with different translation efficiencies as predictors, base editor- and prime editor-mediated mutations of KZ3 in the local genome could bidirectionally and quantitatively fine-tune gene translation to the anticipated levels without affecting transcription in vitro and in vivo. Notably, this strategy can be extended to the whole Kozak sequence and applied to all protein-coding genes in all eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Xie
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhuang
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shixue Gou
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Quanjun Zhang
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Ting Lan
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Lian
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Nan Li
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yinghua Ye
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Han Wu
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Kepin Wang
- China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou 510530, China
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Moser L, Laskari K, Ospelt C, Houtman M. Allele-specific protein binding within the CD40 locus in human synovial fibroblasts and immune cells. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003168. [PMID: 37880178 PMCID: PMC10603347 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Moser
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katerina Laskari
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ospelt
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miranda Houtman
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) show clinically relevant phenotypic variability, despite sharing the same primary biochemical defect (dystrophin deficiency). Factors contributing to this clinical variability include allelic heterogeneity (specific DMD mutations), genetic modifiers (trans-acting genetic polymorphisms) and variations in clinical care. Recently, a series of genetic modifiers have been identified, mostly involving genes and/or proteins that regulate inflammation and fibrosis - processes increasingly recognized as being causally linked with physical disability. This article reviews genetic modifier studies in DMD to date and discusses the effect of genetic modifiers on predicting disease trajectories (prognosis), clinical trial design and interpretation (inclusion of genotype-stratified subgroup analyses) and therapeutic approaches. The genetic modifiers identified to date underscore the importance of progressive fibrosis, downstream of dystrophin deficiency, in driving the disease process. As such, genetic modifiers have shown the importance of therapies aimed at slowing this fibrotic process and might point to key drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are prevalent autoimmune disorders, representing opposite ends of the clinical spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between environment and genes. Specific susceptibility genes have been discovered that predispose to AITD, including thyroid-specific and immune-regulatory genes. Growing evidence has revealed that genetic and epigenetic variants can alter autoantigen presentation during the development of immune tolerance, can enhance self-peptide binding to MHC (major histocompatibility complex), and can amplify stimulation of T- and B-cells. These gene-driven mechanistic discoveries lay the groundwork for novel treatment targets. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of key AITD susceptibility genes (Tg1, TSHR, HLA-DR3, and CD40) and their translational therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Lee
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mihaela Stefan-Lifshitz
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Cheuk Wun Li
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Speletas M, Bakaros E, Peristeri AM, Voulgaridi I, Sarrou S, Paliatsa V, Nasika A, Tseroni M, Anagnostopoulos L, Theodoridou K, Kalala F, Theodoridou A, Mouchtouri BA, Tsiodras S, Eibel H, Hadjichristodoulou C. The rs1883832 Polymorphism (CD40-1C>T) Affects the Intensity of IgA Responses after BNT162b2 Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination strategies is affected by several factors, including the genetic background of the host. In our study, we evaluated the contribution of the functional polymorphism rs1883832 affecting the Kozak sequence of the TNFSF5 gene (c.-1C>T), encoding CD40, to humoral immune responses after vaccination with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The rs1883832 polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 476 individuals (male/female: 216/260, median age: 55.0 years, range: 20−105) of whom 342 received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and 134 received the adenovirus-based vector vaccines (67 on ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine, 67 on Ad.26.COV2.S vaccine). The IgG and IgA responses were evaluated with chemiluminescent microparticle and ELISA assays on days 21, 42, and 90 after the first dose. The T allele of the rs1883832 polymorphism (allele frequency: 32.8%) was significantly associated with lower IgA levels and represented, as revealed by multivariable analysis, an independent risk factor for reduced anti-spike protein IgA levels on days 42 and 90 following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Similar to serum anti-spike IgA levels, a trend of lower anti-spike IgA concentrations in saliva was found in individuals with the T allele of rs1883832. Finally, the intensity of IgA and IgG responses on day 42 significantly affected the prevalence of COVID-19 after vaccination. The rs1883832 polymorphism may be used as a molecular predictor of the intensity of anti-spike IgA responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination.
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Lezhnyova V, Davidyuk Y, Mullakhmetova A, Markelova M, Zakharov A, Khaiboullina S, Martynova E. Analysis of herpesvirus infection and genome single nucleotide polymorphism risk factors in multiple sclerosis, Volga federal district, Russia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010605. [PMID: 36451826 PMCID: PMC9703080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease where herpesvirus infection and genetic predisposition are identified as the most consistent risk factors. Serum and blood samples were collected from 151 MS and 70 controls and used to analyze circulating antibodies for, and DNA of, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV6), and varicella zoster virus (VZV). The frequency of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MS and controls were studied. Herpesvirus DNA in blood samples were analyzed using qPCR. Anti-herpesvirus antibodies were detected by ELISA. SNPs were analyzed by the allele-specific PCR. For statistical analysis, Fisher exact test, odds ratio and Kruskall-Wallis test were used; p<0.05 values were considered as significant. We have found an association between circulating anti-HHV6 antibodies and MS diagnosis. We also confirmed higher frequency of A and C alleles in rs2300747 and rs12044852 of CD58 gene and G allele in rs929230 of CD6 gene in MS as compared to controls. Fatigue symptom was linked to AC and AA genotype in rs12044852 of CD58 gene. An interesting observation was finding higher frequency of GG genotype in rs12722489 of IL2RA and T allele in rs1535045 of CD40 genes in patient having anti-HHV6 antibodies. A link was found between having anti-VZV antibodies in MS and CC genotype in rs1883832 of CD40 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lezhnyova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy Davidyuk
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Asia Mullakhmetova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Markelova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander Zakharov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Ambrosini C, Destefanis E, Kheir E, Broso F, Alessandrini F, Longhi S, Battisti N, Pesce I, Dassi E, Petris G, Cereseto A, Quattrone A. Translational enhancement by base editing of the Kozak sequence rescues haploinsufficiency. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10756-10771. [PMID: 36165847 PMCID: PMC9561285 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of single-gene human diseases are caused by haploinsufficiency, a genetic condition by which mutational inactivation of one allele leads to reduced protein levels and functional impairment. Translational enhancement of the spare allele could exert a therapeutic effect. Here we developed BOOST, a novel gene-editing approach to rescue haploinsufficiency loci by the change of specific single nucleotides in the Kozak sequence, which controls translation by regulating start codon recognition. We evaluated for translational strength 230 Kozak sequences of annotated human haploinsufficient genes and 4621 derived variants, which can be installed by base editing, by a high-throughput reporter assay. Of these variants, 149 increased the translation of 47 Kozak sequences, demonstrating that a substantial proportion of haploinsufficient genes are controlled by suboptimal Kozak sequences. Validation of 18 variants for 8 genes produced an average enhancement in an expression window compatible with the rescue of the genetic imbalance. Base editing of the NCF1 gene, whose monoallelic loss causes chronic granulomatous disease, resulted in the desired increase of NCF1 (p47phox) protein levels in a relevant cell model. We propose BOOST as a fine-tuned approach to modulate translation, applicable to the correction of dozens of haploinsufficient monogenic disorders independently of the causing mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ambrosini
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Eliana Destefanis
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Eyemen Kheir
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Francesca Broso
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Federica Alessandrini
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Sara Longhi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Nicolò Battisti
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Isabella Pesce
- Cell Analysis and Separation Core Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Erik Dassi
- Laboratory of RNA Regulatory Networks, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Gianluca Petris
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC LMB), Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Anna Cereseto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
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Arango D, Sturgill D, Yang R, Kanai T, Bauer P, Roy J, Wang Z, Hosogane M, Schiffers S, Oberdoerffer S. Direct epitranscriptomic regulation of mammalian translation initiation through N4-acetylcytidine. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2797-2814.e11. [PMID: 35679869 PMCID: PMC9361928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
mRNA function is influenced by modifications that modulate canonical nucleobase behavior. We show that a single modification mediates distinct impacts on mRNA translation in a position-dependent manner. Although cytidine acetylation (ac4C) within protein-coding sequences stimulates translation, ac4C within 5' UTRs impacts protein synthesis at the level of initiation. 5' UTR acetylation promotes initiation at upstream sequences, competitively inhibiting annotated start codons. Acetylation further directly impedes initiation at optimal AUG contexts: ac4C within AUG-flanking Kozak sequences reduced initiation in base-resolved transcriptome-wide HeLa results and in vitro utilizing substrates with site-specific ac4C incorporation. Cryo-EM of mammalian 80S initiation complexes revealed that ac4C in the -1 position adjacent to an AUG start codon disrupts an interaction between C and hypermodified t6A at nucleotide 37 of the initiator tRNA. These findings demonstrate the impact of RNA modifications on nucleobase function at a molecular level and introduce mRNA acetylation as a factor regulating translation in a location-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arango
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David Sturgill
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Renbin Yang
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Tapan Kanai
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Paulina Bauer
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jyoti Roy
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ziqiu Wang
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Masaki Hosogane
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Schiffers
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shalini Oberdoerffer
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Yang CC, Dai CY, Luo KH, Lee KW, Wu CH, Hung CH, Chuang HY, Kuo CH. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of TWIST2 May Be a Modifier for the Association between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Blood Lead (Pb) Level. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:1352. [PMID: 35162374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The association between lead (Pb) exposure and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was reported; however, the mechanism was unclear. Our purpose was to investigate the association of Pb, lipid profile, and to study the associated SNPs using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 511 participants were recruited to check blood Pb levels, lipid profile, and genotypes with Taiwan Biobank version 2.0 (TWB2). Our main result shows that HDL-C was significantly negatively associated with blood Pb levels, adjusted for gender, body mass index (BMI), and potential confounders. In addition, via the TWB2 GWAS, only two SNPs were found, including rs150813626 (single-nucleotide variation in the TWIST2 gene on chromosome 2), and rs1983079 (unclear SNP on chromosome 3). Compared to the rs150813626 GG carriers, the AA and AG carriers were significantly and negatively associated with HDL-C. We analyzed the interaction of rs150813626 SNP and blood Pb, and the HDL-C was consistently and negatively associated with blood Pb, male, BMI, and the rs150813626 AA and AG carriers. Moreover, the rs150813626 AA and blood Pb interaction was significantly and positively associated with HDL-C. In conclusion, the SNPs rs150813626 and rs1983079 were significantly associated with HDL-C in Pb-exposed workers. Furthermore, the interaction of rs150813626 AA and blood Pb had a positive influence on HDL-C. TWIST may inhibit osteoblast maturation, which might relate to bone Pb deposition and calcium metabolism. The mechanism needs more investigation in the future.
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Kneiber D, Kowalski EH, Amber KT. The Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases. The Immunogenetics of Dermatologic Diseases 2022; 1367:173-212. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common human autoimmune disease. The two major clinical manifestations of AITD are Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). AITD is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland, leading either to follicular cell damage, thyroid gland destruction, and development of hypothyroidism (in HT) or thyroid hyperplasia, induced by thyroid antibodies which activate thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) on thyrocytes, leading to hyperthyroidism. The aim of this review is to present up-to-date picture of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathology of AITD. Based on studies involving patients, animal AITD models, and thyroid cell lines, we discuss the key events leading to the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid autoantigens as well as the signaling cascades leading to the destruction of thyroid gland. Special focus is given on the interplay between the environmental and genetic factors, as well as ncRNAs and microbiome contributing to AITD development. In particular, we describe mechanistic models by which SNPs in genes involved in immune regulation and thyroid function, such as CD40, TSHR, FLT3, and PTPN22, underlie AITD predisposition. The clinical significance of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers based on ncRNAs and microbiome composition is also underscored. Finally, we discuss the possible significance of probiotic supplementation on thyroid function in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bogusławska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Piekiełko-Witkowska:
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Aleksić J. The influence of vitamin D and iron on thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. Med gl Spec bol štit Zlatibor 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/mgiszm2287064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dimitrakopoulos FID, Antonacopoulou AG, Kottorou AE, Kalofonou M, Panagopoulos N, Dougenis D, Makatsoris T, Tzelepi V, Koutras A, Kalofonos HP. Genetic Variations of CD40 and LTβR Genes Are Associated With Increased Susceptibility and Clinical Outcome of Non-Small-Cell Carcinoma Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721577. [PMID: 34604057 PMCID: PMC8484958 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune system-related receptors CD40 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5), BAFFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C), and LTβR (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3) play a pivotal role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To further evaluate their role in NSCLC, CD40 rs1883832 (T>C), BAFFR rs7290134 (A>G), and LTβR rs10849448 (A>G) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated regarding their impact in risk and clinical outcome of NSCLC patients. Methods The three selected SNPs were evaluated in 229 NSCLC patients and 299 healthy controls, while CD40, BAFFR, and LTβR protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 96 tumor specimens from NSCLC patients. Results In total, CD40 rs1883832 was associated with NSCLC risk, with the T allele, after adjusting for cofactors, being related to increased risk (p = 0.007; OR 1.701). Moreover, the CT genotype was associated with increased risk (p = 0.024; OR 1.606) and poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) after adjusting for cofactors (p = 0.001, HR 1.829), while CC was associated with higher CD40 expression in tumorous cells (p = 0.040) and in stromal cells (p = 0.036). In addition, AA homozygotes for the LTβR rs10849448 had increased risk for NSCLC in multivariate analysis (p = 0.008; OR, 2.106) and higher LTβR membranous expression (p = 0.035). Although BAFFR rs7290134 was associated with BAFFR membranous expression (p = 0.039), BAFFR rs7290134 was not associated with neither the disease risk nor the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Conclusions In conclusion, CD40 rs1883832 and LTβR rs10849448 seem to be associated with increased risk for NSCLC, while CD40 rs1883832 is also associated with OS of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anna G Antonacopoulou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dimitrios Dougenis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Abstract
Translational control plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Modulating translational efficiency allows the cell to fine-tune the expression of genes, spatially control protein localization, and trigger fast responses to environmental stresses. Translational regulation involves mechanisms acting on multiple steps of the protein synthesis pathway: initiation, elongation, and termination. Many cis-acting elements present in the 5' UTR of transcripts can influence translation at the initiation step. Among them, the Kozak sequence impacts translational efficiency by regulating the recognition of the start codon; upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are associated with inhibition of translation of the downstream protein; internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) can promote cap-independent translation. CRISPR-Cas technology is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that has also been applied to the regulation of gene expression. In this chapter, we focus on the genome editing approaches developed to modulate the translational efficiency with the aim to find novel therapeutic approaches, in particular acting on the cis-elements, that regulate the initiation of protein synthesis.
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Sultan CS, Weitnauer M, Turinsky M, Kessler T, Brune M, Gleissner CA, Leuschner F, Wagner AH, Hecker M. Functional association of a CD40 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism with the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1214-1225. [PMID: 31373353 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CD40-CD40 ligand interactions confer a pro-inflammatory phenotype to endothelial cells (ECs). Recently, a thymine to cytosine transition (-1T>C) in the Kozak sequence of the CD40 gene (rs1883832) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in an Asian population. As there are no reports yet regarding its role in other ethnic groups, this study determines if the -1T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) could be a risk factor for CHD in Caucasians by performing an association study and elucidates its functional consequence in cultured ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular and biochemical techniques, cell adhesion assays were used for genotype-stratified human EC characterization. SNP distribution in Caucasians was examined in a hospital-based case-control CHD study and serum levels of soluble CD40 (sCD40) were quantified by ELISA. The SNP in the CD40 gene affected baseline CD40 protein abundance on ECs. There was a genotype-dependent difference in CD40-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Monocyte adhesion was highest on the surface of cells homozygous for the C allele. Homozygosity for the C allele was associated with significant 2.32-fold higher odds of developing CHD as compared to TT genotype carriers. sCD40 plasma levels were genotype-dependently elevated in CHD patients, indicating a possible prognostic value. CONCLUSION The C allele of the CD40 SNP provokes a pro-inflammatory EC phenotype, compensated by an enhanced CD40 shedding to neutralize excess CD40 ligand. Homozygosity for the C allele is the cause for a genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Sultan
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Turinsky
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian A Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Marken J, Muralidharan S, Giltiay NV. Anti-CD40 antibody KPL-404 inhibits T cell-mediated activation of B cells from healthy donors and autoimmune patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:5. [PMID: 33407802 PMCID: PMC7789801 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD40-CD40L is a key co-stimulatory pathway for B cell activation. As such, its blockade can inhibit pathogenic B cell responses in autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of KPL-404, a humanized anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (Ab), on primary human B cells derived from either healthy donors (HD) or autoimmune patients and compared them to the effects of G28-5, a partially antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody. METHODS PBMCs from HD or SjS and SLE patients were cultured in high-density cell cultures in the presence of IgG4 isotype control or anti-CD40 Abs KPL-404 or G28-5. Cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 cross-linking reagent ImmunoCult (IC) to induce CD40L-CD40-mediated B cell responses. B cell proliferation and activation, measured by dilution of proliferation tracker dye and the upregulation of CD69 and CD86, respectively, were assessed by flow cytometry. Anti-CD40 Ab cell-internalization was examined by imaging flow cytometry. Cytokine release in the PBMC cultures was quantified by bead-based multiplex assay. RESULTS KPL-404 binds to CD40 expressed on different subsets of B cells without inducing cell depletion, or B cell proliferation and activation in in vitro culture. Under the same conditions, G28-5 promoted proliferation of and increased CD69 expression on otherwise unstimulated B cells. KPL-404 efficiently blocked the CD40L-CD40-mediated activation of B cells from HD at concentrations between 1 and 10 μg/ml. Treatment with KPL-404 alone did not promote cytokine production and blocked the production of IFNβ in healthy PBMC cultures. KPL-404 efficiently blocked CD40L-CD40-mediated activation of B cells from patients with SjS and SLE, without affecting their anti-IgM responses or affecting their cytokine production. Consistent with the differences of their effects on B cell responses, KPL-404 was not internalized by cells, whereas G28-5 showed partial internalization upon CD40 binding. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD40 mAb KPL-404 showed purely antagonistic effects on B cells and total PBMCs. KPL-404 inhibited CD40L-CD40-mediated B cell activation in PBMC cultures from both healthy controls and autoimmune patients. These data support the therapeutic potential of CD40 targeting by KPL-404 Ab for inhibiting B cell responses in SjS and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marken
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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Faustino LC, Kahaly GJ, Frommer L, Concepcion E, Stefan-Lifshitz M, Tomer Y. Precision Medicine in Graves' Disease: CD40 Gene Variants Predict Clinical Response to an Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:691781. [PMID: 34149627 PMCID: PMC8212124 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.691781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD40, a key co-stimulatory molecule expressed on antigen-presenting cells, is genetically associated with a number of autoimmune diseases including Graves' disease (GD). Therefore, recent therapies targeting CD40 have been developed, including the anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody Iscalimab. In a recent pilot study, Iscalimab was shown to induce clinical remission in ~ 50% of GD patients, but the reason why only 50% of GD patients responded is not known. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that specific CD40 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and haplotypes are associated with clinical response of GD patients to Iscalimab. METHODS We extracted genomic DNA from the whole blood of 13 GD patients treated with Iscalimab, and genotyped seven CD40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with autoimmunity. Additionally, we analyzed CD40 mRNA expression levels in whole blood. The patients' CD40 SNP genotypes and mRNA levels were tested for association with clinical response to Iscalimab. RESULTS Three common haplotypes, designated haplotypes A, B, and C, were identified. Haplotypes B and C were associated with higher CD40 mRNA levels and clinical response to Iscalimab (i.e., patients achieving euthyroidism without need for additional medications), while haplotype A was associated with decreased CD40 mRNA levels and no response to Iscalimab. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the CD40 gene drive its expression levels and response to Iscalimab. Polymorphisms associated with higher CD40 levels are also associated with clinical response to CD40-targeted therapies. These results set the stage to implementing precision medicine in the therapeutic approach to GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C. Faustino
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - George J. Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lara Frommer
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Erlinda Concepcion
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yaron Tomer,
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22
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Jiang H, Yuan FF, Wang HN, Liu W, Ye XP, Yang SY, Xie HJ, Yu SS, Ma YR, Zhang LL, Zhao SX, Song HD. Compelling Evidence Linking CD40 Gene With Graves' Disease in the Chinese Han Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:759597. [PMID: 34867801 PMCID: PMC8639283 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.759597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CD40 have been widely reported to be risk factors for Graves' disease (GD). The gene, along with its cognate ligand CD40L, may regulate pro-inflammatory and immune responses. Rs1883832, located at the -1 position of the Kozak sequence, is the most well-studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CD40, and has been confirmed to predispose those with the alteration to GD, regardless of ethnicity. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) indicated that several SNPs, including rs1883832 located within the vicinity of CD40 were associated with GD in the Han Chinese population. Aiming at identifying the most consequential SNP and its underlying pathogenic mechanism, we performed a two-stage refined study on 8,171 patients with GD and 7,906 controls, and found rs1883832 was the most significantly GD-associated SNP in the CD40 gene region (PCombined = 9.17×10-11, OR = 1.18). Through searching the cis-expression quantitative trait locus database and using quantitative RT-PCR, we further discovered that the rs1883832 genotype can influence CD40 gene transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrated that rs1883832 is a susceptibility locus for pTRAb+ GD patients. In conclusion, the current study provides robust evidence that rs1883832 can regulate CD40 gene expression and affect serum TRAb levels, which ultimately contributes to the development of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jiang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Fei Yuan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Ning Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ye
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ru Ma
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang-Xia Zhao, ; Huai-Dong Song,
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, The Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang-Xia Zhao, ; Huai-Dong Song,
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Abstract
Graves' hyperthyroidism is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), resulting in uncontrolled secretion of excessive thyroid hormone. Conventional treatments, including antithyroid medication, radioiodine, or surgery have remained largely unchanged for the past 70 years and either lack efficacy for many patients, or result in lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy, in the case of the latter 2 options. The demand for new therapeutic options, combined with greater insight into basic immunobiology, has led to the emergence of novel approaches to treat Graves' hyperthyroidism. The current therapies under investigation include biologics, small molecules, and peptide immunomodulation. There is a growing focus on TSHR-specific treatment modalities, which carry the advantage of eliciting a specific, targeted approach, with the aim of avoiding disruption of the functioning immune system. These therapies present a new opportunity to supersede the inadequate treatments currently available for some Graves' patients, offering hope of successful restoration of euthyroidism without the need for ongoing therapy. Several of these therapeutic options have the potential to translate into clinical practice in the near future. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances and various stages of development of the novel therapeutic approaches to treat Graves' hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Lane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Endocrine unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Tim D Cheetham
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Petros Perros
- Endocrine unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Simon H S Pearce
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Endocrine unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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24
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Sánchez Luquez KY, Zerpa O, Paz-Villarraga CA, Fernández-Mestre M. Genetic variability of molecules involved in the disease pathogenesis in Leishmania infection. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108007. [PMID: 32979344 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are the primary host cell for Leishmania parasites, by Toll like receptors (TLR-MyD88) that are central components of the innate and adaptive immunity against leishmania infection. The CD40/CD40L interaction has also been shown to be important in resistance to various protozoa. In this context, one of the most important properties of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins, especially SOCS1 and SOCS3, is the regulation of macrophages cell for Leishmania parasites. In the present study we evaluated variants of molecules involved in activation and modulation of leishmanicidal signaling cascades and the possible associations between polymorphisms present in the TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, CD40, SOCS1, SOCS3 genes with susceptibility/resistent to Leishmania. The results suggest the absence of any association between TLR2 and TLR4 variants and susceptibility to Leishmaniasis. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence encoding the TIR recognition domain of the MyD88 molecule showed that it is highly conserved when compared to the reference sequences. In contrast, heterozygous rs 12953258, which reflects a decrease in the expression of SOCS3, suggesting that it may be involved in the leishmaniasis susceptibility. This study is a first advance in the analysis of polymorphisms of genes involved in the signaling pathway of the macrophage and their relationship with leishmaniases infection and disease progression.
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25
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Wachs AS, Bohne J. Two sides of the same medal: Noncoding mutations reveal new pathological mechanisms and insights into the regulation of gene expression. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2020; 12:e1616. [PMID: 32633083 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding sequences constitute the major part of the human genome and also of pre-mRNAs. Single nucleotide variants in these regions are often overlooked, but may be responsible for much of the variation of phenotypes observed. Mutations in the noncoding part of pre-mRNAs often reveal new and meaningful insights into the regulation of cellular gene expression. Thus, the mechanistic analysis of the pathological mechanism of such mutations will both foster a deeper understanding of the disease and the underlying cellular pathways. Even synonymous mutations can cause diseases, since the primary mRNA sequence not only encodes amino acids, but also encrypts information on RNA-binding proteins and secondary structure. In fact, the RNA sequence directs assembly of a specific mRNP complex, which in turn dictates the fate of the mRNA or regulates its biogenesis. The accumulation of genomic sequence information is increasing at a rapid pace. However, much of the diversity uncovered may not explain the phenotype of a certain syndrome or disease. For this reason, we also emphasize the value of mechanistic studies on pathological mechanisms being complementary to genome-wide studies and bioinformatic approaches. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie S Wachs
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jens Bohne
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous skin diseases that result in
significant morbidity. As for other multifactorial autoimmune disorders,
environmental factors may trigger the disease in genetically susceptible
individuals. The goals of this review are to summarize the state of knowledge
about the genetic variation that may affect the susceptibility and pathogenesis
of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus – both the endemic and the
sporadic forms –, to compare and discuss the possible meaning of the
associations reported, and to propose recommendations for new research
initiatives. Understanding how genetic variants translate into pathogenic
mechanisms and phenotypes remains a mystery for most of the polymorphisms that
contribute to disease susceptibility. However, genetic studies provide a strong
foundation for further developments in this field by generating testable
hypotheses. Currently, results still have limited influence on disease
prevention and prognosis, drug development, and clinical practice, although the
perspectives for future applications for the benefit of patients are
encouraging. Recommendations for the continued advancement of our understanding
as to the impact of genetic variation on pemphigus include these partially
overlapping goals: (1) Querying the functional effect of genetic variants on the
regulation of gene expression through their impact on the nucleotide sequence of
cis regulatory DNA elements such as promoters and enhancers, the splicing of
RNA, the structure of regulatory RNAs and proteins, binding of these regulatory
molecules to regulatory DNA elements, and alteration of epigenetic marks; (2)
identifying key cell types and cell states that are implicated in pemphigus
pathogenesis and explore their functional genomes; (3) integrating structural
and functional genomics data; (4) performing disease-progression longitudinal
studies to disclose the causal relationships between genetic and epigenetic
variation and intermediate disease phenotypes; (5) understanding the influence
of genetic and epigenetic variation in the response to treatment and the
severity of the disease; (6) exploring gene-gene and genotype-environment
interactions; (7) developing improved pemphigus-prone and non-prone animal
models that are appropriate for research about the mechanisms that link
genotypes to pemphigus. Achieving these goals will demand larger samples of
patients and controls and multisite collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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27
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Zhang QY, Liu W, Li L, Du WH, Zuo CL, Ye XP, Zhou Z, Yuan FF, Ma YR, Sun F, Yu SS, Xie HJ, Zhang CR, Ying YX, Yuan GY, Gao GQ, Liang J, Zhao SX, Song HD. Genetic Study in a Large Cohort Supported Different Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease and Hashimoto's Hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5815708. [PMID: 32246145 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are the 2 main autoimmune thyroid diseases that have both similarities and differences. Determining the genetic basis that distinguishes HT from GD is key for a better understanding of the differences between these closely related diseases. OBJECTS To identify the susceptibility genes for HT in the Chinese cohort and compare susceptibility genes between GD and HT. DESIGN In the current study, 18 SNPs from 18 established GD risk loci were selected and then genotyped in 2682 patients with HT, 4980 patients with GD, and 3892 controls. The association analysis between HT and controls and heterogeneity analysis between HT and GD were performed on SPSS, with the logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS We identified 11 susceptibility loci for HT in the Chinese Han population, with 4 loci, including the rs1265883 in SLAMF6 locus, rs1024161 in CTLA4, rs1521 in HLA-B, and rs5912838 in GPR174/ ITM2A at X chromosome, reaching genome-wide significance of 5 × 10-8. Five loci were reported to be associated with HT for the first time. We also identified 6 susceptibility loci with heterogeneity between GD and HT. Out of them, 4 loci were associated with GD but not with HT, including HLA-DPB1, CD40, TSHR, and TG; the association of HLA-B with GD was stronger than that with HT, but the association of SLAMF6 was reversed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the pathogenesis of HT and GD was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hua Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ye
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Fei Yuan
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ru Ma
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Xie
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Run Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xia Ying
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guan-Qi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dierschke SK, Toro AL, Miller WP, Sunilkumar S, Dennis MD. Diabetes enhances translation of Cd40 mRNA in murine retinal Müller glia via a 4E-BP1/2-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10831-10841. [PMID: 32475820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune costimulatory molecule cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) in Müller glia has been implicated in the initiation of diabetes-induced retinal inflammation. Results from previous studies support that CD40 protein expression is elevated in Müller glia of diabetic mice; however, the mechanisms responsible for this increase have not been explored. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that diabetes augments translation of the Cd40 mRNA. Mice receiving thiamet G (TMG), an inhibitor of the O-GlcNAc hydrolase O-GlcNAcase, exhibited enhanced retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation and increased Cd40 mRNA translation. TMG administration also promoted Cd40 mRNA association with Müller cell-specific ribosomes isolated from the retina of RiboTag mice. Similar effects on O-GlcNAcylation and Cd40 mRNA translation were also observed in the retina of a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. In cultured cells, TMG promoted sequestration of the cap-binding protein eIF4E (eukaryotic translation in initiation factor 4E) by 4E-BP1 (eIF4E-binding protein 1) and enhanced cap-independent Cd40 mRNA translation as assessed by a bicistronic reporter that contained the 5'-UTR of the Cd40 mRNA. Ablation of 4E-BP1/2 prevented the increase in Cd40 mRNA translation in TMG-exposed cells, and expression of a 4E-BP1 variant that constitutively sequesters eIF4E promoted reporter activity. Extending on the cell culture results, we found that in contrast to WT mice, diabetic 4E-BP1/2-deficient mice did not exhibit enhanced retinal Cd40 mRNA translation and failed to up-regulate expression of the inflammatory marker nitric-oxide synthase 2. These findings support a model wherein diabetes-induced O-GlcNAcylation of 4E-BP1 promotes Cd40 mRNA translation in Müller glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie K Dierschke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allyson L Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William P Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA .,Department of Ophthalmology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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30
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AbdelGhafar MT, El-Kholy RA, Elbedewy TA, Allam AA, Eissa RAE, Samy SM, El-Khalik SRA, Rabah H. Impact of CD40 gene polymorphisms on the risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Gene 2020; 736:144419. [PMID: 32018016 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD40 gene (rs1883832 C/T and rs4810485 G/T) and the risk of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in the Egyptian population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted retrospectively on 101 cases with ITP and 97 healthy subjects. Two SNPs of CD40 gene (rs1883832 C/T and rs4810485 G/T) were genotyped via Taqman allele discrimination real-time PCR. The frequencies of different genetic models of both SNPs were calculated and compared between ITP cases and controls. Linkage analysis was performed between the studied SNPs. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed using multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine the association of CD40 gene SNPs genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes with the risk of ITP. The odds ratio was further adjusted to the confounders for risk stratification. RESULTS CD40 (rs1883832) TT genotype carriers have a significantly higher risk of ITP when compared to CC genotype carriers (adjusted OR: 3.792, 95%CI: 1.252-11.49, P = 0.018). T allele also represents 1.711-fold increased risk of ITP which is more evident in males (P = 0.016). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of CD40 (rs4810485 G/T) genetic models between cases and controls. Linkage disequilibrium was found between the two SNPs and revealed four main haplotypes (C-G; C-T; T-G; T-T) with a significantly higher frequency of T-G haplotype in ITP cases than in healthy controls which confers an increased risk of ITP development (OR: 2.349, 95%CI: 1.271-4.339, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS CD40 gene SNP rs1883832 is associated with an increased risk of ITP development in the Egyptian population, while the SNP rs4810485 has no association. Moreover, T-G haplotype is a risk genetic model for ITP.
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31
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Tapia-Llanos R, Muñoz-Valle JF, Román-Fernández IV, Marín-Rosales M, Salazar-Camarena DC, Cruz A, Orozco-Barocio G, Guareña-Casillas JA, Oregon-Romero E, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Association of soluble CD40 levels with -1 C > T CD40 polymorphism and chronic kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e1014. [PMID: 31642196 PMCID: PMC6900383 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD40 is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the antigen‐presenting cells surface. CD40 plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin class switching and antibodies production. Genetic polymorphisms in the CD40 gene have been associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in several populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CD40 polymorphisms (−1 C > T, rs1883832 and 6,048 G > T, rs4810485) with SLE susceptibility, as well as with mRNA expression and soluble CD40 (sCD40) levels. Methods The study included 293 patients with SLE and 294 control subjects (CS). Genotyping was performed by PCR‐RFLP method. CD40 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, and ELISA quantified sCD40 levels. Results The CD40 polymorphisms −1 C > T and 6,048 G > T were associated with SLE susceptibility. There was no difference between CD40 mRNA expression and CD40 polymorphisms. The sCD40 levels were lower in SLE patients with TT haplotype, whereas higher sCD40 levels were associated with damage and impaired renal function according to SLICC and KDIGO. The sCD40 levels were negatively correlated with eGFR. Conclusion The CD40 gene polymorphisms increase the risk of SLE in the western Mexican population. The sCD40 levels are associated with −1 C > T polymorphism and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziel Tapia-Llanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Doctorado en Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ilce V Román-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diana C Salazar-Camarena
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Orozco-Barocio
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Guareña-Casillas
- Especialidad de Hemodinamia y Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia A Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Chang C, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. Bystander activation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 103:102301. [PMID: 31326230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction over time of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors (i.e., autoimmune ecology) increases or decreases the liability an individual would have to develop an autoimmune disease (AD) depending on the misbalance between risk and protective effects. Pathogens have been the most common antecedent events studied, but multiple other environmental factors including xenobiotic chemicals, drugs, vaccines, and nutritional factors have been implicated into the development of ADs. Three main mechanisms have been offered to explain the development of autoimmunity: molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and bystander activation. The latter is characterized by auto-reactive B and T cells that undergo activation in an antigen-independent manner, influencing the development and course of autoimmunity. Activation occurs due to a combination of an inflammatory milieu, co-signaling ligands, and interactions with neighboring cells. In this review, we will discuss the studies performed seeking to define the role of bystander activation in systemic and organ-specific ADs. In all cases, we are cognizant of individual differences between hosts and the variable latency time for clinical expression of disease, all of which have made our understanding of the etiology of loss of immune tolerance difficult and enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovana Pacheco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA; Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Clínica del Occidente, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Chen X, Ouyang H, Chen B, Li G, Wang Z, Nie Q. Genetic effects of the EIF5A2 gene on chicken growth and skeletal muscle development. Livest Sci 2019; 225:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Smets I, Fiddes B, Garcia-Perez JE, He D, Mallants K, Liao W, Dooley J, Wang G, Humblet-Baron S, Dubois B, Compston A, Jones J, Coles A, Liston A, Ban M, Goris A, Sawcer S. Multiple sclerosis risk variants alter expression of co-stimulatory genes in B cells. Brain 2019; 141:786-796. [PMID: 29361022 PMCID: PMC5837558 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing evidence supporting a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis prompted us to investigate the influence of known susceptibility variants on the surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules in these cells. Using flow cytometry we measured surface expression of CD40 and CD86 in B cells from 68 patients and 162 healthy controls that were genotyped for the multiple sclerosis associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4810485, which maps within the CD40 gene, and rs9282641, which maps within the CD86 gene. We found that carrying the risk allele rs4810485*T lowered the cell-surface expression of CD40 in all tested B cell subtypes (in total B cells P ≤ 5.10 × 10−5 in patients and ≤4.09 × 10−6 in controls), while carrying the risk allele rs9282641*G increased the expression of CD86, with this effect primarily seen in the naïve B cell subset (P = 0.048 in patients and 5.38 × 10−5 in controls). In concordance with these results, analysis of RNA expression demonstrated that the risk allele rs4810485*T resulted in lower total CD40 expression (P = 0.057) but with an increased proportion of alternative splice-forms leading to decoy receptors (P = 4.00 × 10−7). Finally, we also observed that the risk allele rs4810485*T was associated with decreased levels of interleukin-10 (P = 0.020), which is considered to have an immunoregulatory function downstream of CD40. Given the importance of these co-stimulatory molecules in determining the immune reaction that appears in response to antigen our data suggest that B cells might have an important antigen presentation and immunoregulatory role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ide Smets
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barnaby Fiddes
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Di He
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Klara Mallants
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wenjia Liao
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James Dooley
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Wang
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Dubois
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alastair Compston
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joanne Jones
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alasdair Coles
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Adrian Liston
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Ban
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - An Goris
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Sawcer
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Box 165, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Martínez-Fernández DE, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Casillas-Muñoz F, Valdés-Alvarado E, Parra-Reyna B, Aceves-Ramírez M, Muñoz-Valle JF, Zalapa Flores U, Chávez Herrera JC, Valle Y. Analysis of Genetic Variation in CD40 and CD40L: Relationship with mRNA Relative Expression and Soluble Proteins in Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8063983. [PMID: 31183392 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8063983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be triggered by the presence of inflammatory factors which promote the activation of immune cells by costimulatory molecules such as CD40 and its ligand CD40L. Environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of the ACS. The aim of this study was to explore the gene and protein expression associated with CD40 and CD40L genetic variants in ACS patients from the western Mexican population. A total of 620 individuals from western Mexico were recruited: 320 ACS patients and 300 individuals without a history of ischemic cardiopathy were evaluated. The genotype was determined using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. CD40 and CD40L expressions at the mRNA level were quantified using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays. Soluble protein isoforms were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We did not find evidence of association between CD40 (rs1883832, rs4810485, and rs11086998) and CD40L (rs3092952 and rs3092920) genetic variants and susceptibility to ACS, although rs1883832 and rs4810485 were significantly associated with high sCD40 plasma levels. Plasma levels of sCD40L can be affected by gender and the clinical spectrum of acute coronary syndrome. Our results do not suggest a functional role of CD40 and CD40L genetic variants in ACS. However, they could reflect the inflammatory process and platelet activation in ACS patients, even when they are under pharmacological therapy. Due to the important roles of the CD40-CD40L system in the pathogenesis of ACS, longitudinal studies are required to determine if soluble levels of CD40 and CD40L could be clinically useful markers of a recurrent cardiovascular event after an ACS.
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Bello L, Pegoraro E. The "Usual Suspects": Genes for Inflammation, Fibrosis, Regeneration, and Muscle Strength Modify Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E649. [PMID: 31083420 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most severe form of dystrophinopathy, is quite homogeneous with regards to its causative biochemical defect, i.e., complete dystrophin deficiency, but not so much with regards to its phenotype. For instance, muscle weakness progresses to the loss of independent ambulation at a variable age, starting from before 10 years, to even after 16 years (with glucocorticoid treatment). Identifying the bases of such variability is relevant for patient counseling, prognosis, stratification in trials, and identification of therapeutic targets. To date, variants in five loci have been associated with variability in human DMD sub-phenotypes: SPP1, LTBP4, CD40, ACTN3, and THBS1. Four of these genes (SPP1, LTBP4, CD40, and THBS1) are implicated in several interconnected molecular pathways regulating inflammatory response to muscle damage, regeneration, and fibrosis; while ACTN3 is known as “the gene for speed”, as it contains a common truncating polymorphism (18% of the general population), which reduces muscle power and sprint performance. Studies leading to the identification of these modifiers were mostly based on a “candidate gene” approach, hence the identification of modifiers in “usual suspect” pathways, which are already known to modify muscle in disease or health. Unbiased approaches that are based on genome mapping have so far been applied only initially, but they will probably represent the focus of future developments in this field, and will hopefully identify novel, “unsuspected” therapeutic targets. In this article, we summarize the state of the art of modifier loci of human dystrophin deficiency, and attempt to assess their relevance and implications on both clinical management and translational research.
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Cosenza G, Mauriello R, Garro G, Auzino B, Iannaccone M, Costanzo A, Chianese L, Pauciullo A. Casein composition and differential translational efficiency of casein transcripts in donkey's milk. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:201-7. [PMID: 31038088 DOI: 10.1017/S0022029919000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amount of the four caseins (αs1, αs2, β and κ-CN) in donkey milk was evaluated by Urea-PAGE analysis at pH 8.6, followed by immuno-detection with polyclonal antibodies, coupled to densitometric analysis. The results showed the percentage of each casein in decreasing order: β (54.28) > αs1 (35.59) > αs2 (7.19) > κ-CN (2.79). The mRNA quantification of donkey casein transcripts, carried out by RT-qPCR, showed that the average percentage of corresponding gene transcripts (CSN2, CSN1S1, CSN1S2 I and CSN3) was 70.85, 6.28, 14.23 and 8.65, respectively. The observed translation efficiency, assessed as percentage of single milk casein fraction out of single percentage of transcript, was 0.76, 5.66, 0.50 and 0.32, respectively. The analysis of the sequences flanking the start codon, the codon usage frequencies and the coding sequence length might explain, at least in part, the differential transcriptional and translational rate observed among the casein transcripts.
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Putlyaeva LV, Demin DE, Korneev KV, Kasyanov AS, Tatosyan KA, Kulakovskiy IV, Kuprash DV, Schwartz AM. Potential Markers of Autoimmune Diseases, Alleles rs115662534(T) and rs548231435(C), Disrupt the Binding of Transcription Factors STAT1 and EBF1 to the Regulatory Elements of Human CD40 Gene. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2019; 83:1534-1542. [PMID: 30878028 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CD40 receptor is expressed on B lymphocytes and other professional antigen-presenting cells. The binding of CD40 to its ligand CD154 on the surface of T helper cells plays an important role in the activation of B lymphocytes required for production of antibodies, in particular, against autoantigens. Association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the non-coding areas of human CD40 locus with the elevated risk of autoimmune diseases has been demonstrated. The most studied of these SNPs is rs4810485 located in the first intron of the CD40 gene. Expression of the CD40 gene in B lymphocytes of donors homozygous for the common allelic variant of this polymorphism (G) is higher than in B cells from donors carrying the minor (T) variant. We investigated the enhancer activity of this fragment of the CD40 locus in human B cell lines and showed that it is independent on the rs4810485 alleles. However, the minor allelic variants of the rs4810485-linked SNPs rs548231435 and rs115662534 were associated with a significant decrease in the activity of the CD40 promoter due to the impairments in the binding of EBF1 and STAT1 transcription factors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Putlyaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - D E Demin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Biological Physics, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - K V Korneev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A S Kasyanov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - K A Tatosyan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I V Kulakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - D V Kuprash
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Biological Physics, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A M Schwartz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Biological Physics, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
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Saha S, Singh S, Naithani M. Impact of CD40 gene polymorphism on coronary artery disease in an Indian population: A pilot study. Acta Med Int 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ami.ami_54_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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40
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Vejrazkova D, Vcelak J, Vaclavikova E, Vankova M, Zajickova K, Duskova M, Vrbikova J, Bendlova B. Genetic predictors of the development and recurrence of Graves' disease. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S431-S439. [PMID: 30484670 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease affects approximately 3 % of women and 0.5 % of men. The first-choice therapy is based on the administration of thyrostatic drugs. However, approximately half of patients relapse within two years of discontinuation. These patients must then decide whether to re-initiate thyrostatics, which may have serious side effects, or to undergo surgery or radioiodine treatment. Familial forms of Graves' disease indicate a significant genetic component, with twin studies demonstrating a contribution of genetic factors up to 70-80 %. The autoimmune nature of the disease involves the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, which has a decisive impact on each individual's immune response. Within HLA, some variants of the DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 genes appear to be possible predictors of the development and recurrence of Graves' disease. Outside the HLA region, many variants of immunocompetent genes have also been identified as potential Graves' disease predictors. Apart from the immune system, some thyroid-specific genes have been described in relation to the disease. Here, we present current knowledge regarding the genetic components involved in the development and recurrence of Graves' disease. Further, we present original pilot results from a cohort of Czech Graves' disease patients regarding the HLA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vejrazkova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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42
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Mousa TG, Omar HH, Emad R, Salama MI, Omar W, Fawzy M, Hassoba HM. The association of CD40 polymorphism (rs1883832C/T) and soluble CD40 with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus among Egyptian patients. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 38:777-784. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tatulashvili S, Baudry C, Sadoul JL, Bihan H. Nouvelles perspectives pour le diagnostic et pronostic de la maladie de Basedow. Annales d'Endocrinologie 2018; 79:S31-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(18)31239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Akcay IM, Katrinli S, Ozdil K, Doganay GD, Doganay L. Host genetic factors affecting hepatitis B infection outcomes: Insights from genome-wide association studies. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3347-3360. [PMID: 30122875 PMCID: PMC6092584 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection depends on the success or failure of the immune responses to HBV, and varies widely among individuals, ranging from asymptomatic self-limited infection, inactive carrier state, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, to liver failure. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified key genetic factors influencing the pathogenesis of HBV-related traits. In this review, we discuss GWAS for persistence of HBV infection, antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine, and HBV-related advanced liver diseases. HBV persistence is associated with multiple genes with diverse roles in immune mechanisms. The strongest associations are found within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, highlighting the central role of antigen presentation in the immune response to HBV. Associated variants affect both epitope binding specificities and expression levels of HLA molecules. Several other susceptibility genes regulate the magnitude of adaptive immune responses, determining immunity vs tolerance. HBV persistence and nonresponse to vaccine share the same risk variants, implying overlapping genetic bases. On the other hand, the risk variants for HBV-related advanced liver diseases are largely different, suggesting different host-virus dynamics in acute vs chronic HBV infections. The findings of these GWAS are likely to pave the way for developing more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions by personalizing the management of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzet Mehmet Akcay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Seyma Katrinli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Kamil Ozdil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34764, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Levent Doganay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34764, Turkey
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Li G, Martínez-Bonet M, Wu D, Yang Y, Cui J, Nguyen HN, Cunin P, Levescot A, Bai M, Westra HJ, Okada Y, Brenner MB, Raychaudhuri S, Hendrickson EA, Maas RL, Nigrovic PA. High-throughput identification of noncoding functional SNPs via type IIS enzyme restriction. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1180-1188. [PMID: 30013183 PMCID: PMC6072570 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many disease-associated noncoding variants, but cannot distinguish functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (fSNPs) from others that reside incidentally within risk loci. To address this challenge, we developed an unbiased high-throughput screen that employs type IIS enzymatic restriction to identify fSNPs that allelically modulate the binding of regulatory proteins. We coupled this approach, termed SNP-seq, with flanking restriction enhanced pulldown (FREP) to identify regulation of CD40 by three disease-associated fSNPs via four regulatory proteins, RBPJ, RSRC2 and FUBP-1/TRAP150. Applying this approach across 27 loci associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, we identified 148 candidate fSNPs, including two that regulate STAT4 via the regulatory proteins SATB2 and H1.2. Together, these findings establish the utility of tandem SNP-seq/FREP to bridge the gap between GWAS and disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology and The Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Marta Martínez-Bonet
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology and The Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hung N Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Cunin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Bai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Department, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard L Maas
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Liu ZL, Hu J, Xiao XF, Peng Y, Zhao SP, Xiao XZ, Yang MS. The CD40 rs1883832 Polymorphism Affects Sepsis Susceptibility and sCD40L Levels. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:7497314. [PMID: 29780830 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7497314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe and progressive disease characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). CD40 serves as a vital link between immune response and inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the potential association between a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CD40 (rs1883832) and susceptibility to sepsis. We first performed a case-control study to explore the relationship between the CD40 rs1883832 polymorphism and sepsis. CD40 mRNA expression and protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients and healthy controls. The plasma sCD40L levels in the two groups were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the frequencies of the TT genotype and the CD40 rs1883832 T allele were significantly higher in sepsis patients than in healthy controls. Plasma sCD40L levels were also significantly increased in sepsis patients. In addition, TT genotype carriers among sepsis patients displayed the highest CD40 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, accompanied by the highest plasma sCD40L concentrations. In conclusion, the CD40 rs1883832 T allele acts as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to sepsis and may be involved in the process of sepsis through regulation of CD40 expression and plasma sCD40L levels.
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Cheng HL, Liu YF, Su CW, Su SC, Chen MK, Yang SF, Lin CW. Functional genetic variant in the Kozak sequence of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene is associated with oral cancer risk. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69384-69396. [PMID: 27655721 PMCID: PMC5342485 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Taiwan, oral cancer is the fourth leading cancer in males and is associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), a tumor suppressor gene, is associated with the development of various cancers. We hypothesized that genetic variants of WWOX influence the susceptibility to oral cancer. Five polymorphisms of WWOX gene from 761 male patients with oral cancer and 1199 male cancer-free individuals were genotyped. We observed that individuals carrying the polymorphic allele of WWOX rs11545028 are more susceptible to oral cancer. Furthermore, patients with advanced-stage oral cancer were associated with a higher frequency of WWOX rs11545028 polymorphisms with the variant genotype TT than did patients with the wild-type gene. An additional integrated in silico analysis confirmed that rs11545028 affects WWOX expression, which significantly correlates with tumor expression and subsequently with tumor development and aggressiveness. In conclusion, genetic variants of WWOX contribute to the occurrence of oral cancer, and the findings regarding these biomarkers provided a prediction model for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Aarts SABM, Seijkens TTP, van Dorst KJF, Dijkstra CD, Kooij G, Lutgens E. The CD40-CD40L Dyad in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1791. [PMID: 29312317 PMCID: PMC5732943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD40-CD40L dyad is an immune checkpoint regulator that promotes both innate and adaptive immune responses and has therefore an essential role in the development of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, CD40 and CD40L are expressed on immune cells present in blood and lymphoid organs, affected resident central nervous system (CNS) cells, and inflammatory cells that have infiltrated the CNS. CD40-CD40L interactions fuel the inflammatory response underlying MS, and both genetic deficiency and antibody-mediated inhibition of the CD40-CD40L dyad reduce disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both proteins are therefore attractive therapeutic candidates to modulate aberrant inflammatory responses in MS. Here, we discuss the genetic, experimental and clinical studies on the role of CD40 and CD40L interactions in EAE and MS and we explore novel approaches to therapeutically target this dyad to combat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christine D Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Mozzi A, Pontremoli C, Sironi M. Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 66:286-307. [PMID: 28951201 PMCID: PMC7106304 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied to identify genetic factors that affect complex diseases or traits. Presently, the GWAS Catalog includes > 2800 human studies. Of these, only a minority have investigated the susceptibility to infectious diseases or the response to therapies for the treatment or prevention of infections. Despite their limited application in the field, GWASs have provided valuable insights by pinpointing associations to both innate and adaptive immune response loci, as well as novel unexpected risk factors for infection susceptibility. Herein, we discuss some issues and caveats of GWASs for infectious diseases, we review the most recent findings ensuing from these studies, and we provide a brief summary of selected GWASs for infections in non-human mammals. We conclude that, although the general trend in the field of complex traits is to shift from GWAS to next-generation sequencing, important knowledge on infectious disease-related traits can be still gained by GWASs, especially for those conditions that have never been investigated using this approach. We suggest that future studies will benefit from the leveraging of information from the host's and pathogen's genomes, as well as from the exploration of models that incorporate heterogeneity across populations and phenotypes. Interactions within HLA genes or among HLA variants and polymorphisms located outside the major histocompatibility complex may also play an important role in shaping the susceptibility and response to invading pathogens. Relatively few GWASs for infectious diseases were performed. Phenotype heterogeneity and case/control misclassification can affect GWAS power. Adaptive and innate immunity loci were identified in several infectious disease GWASs. Unexpected loci (e.g., lncRNAs) were also associated with infection susceptibility. GWASs should integrate host and pathogen diversity and use complex association models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have led to the discovery of several susceptibility genes related to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). However, controversial results have been reported regarding the role of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CD40 in the disease susceptibility. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship of the polymorphisms of three sites of CD40 with the susceptibility to AITD in the Chinese population. We genotyped three polymorphisms of CD40: C/T -1 SNP, 58038T site of the third exon and C64610G site of the ninth exon in 196 GD cases, 121 HT cases and 122 control subjects. The three putative polymorphism sites were amplified by PCR for sequencing and analysis. The genotype frequencies of CD40 -1 C/C genotype and C allele were significantly higher in the GD group than those in normal control. For the C64610G polymorphism, the C/G genotype was significantly more frequent in HT group than in control group, and the G allele frequencies in the GD and HT group were both higher than those in control group. These results indicated that there exist different susceptibility loci for AITD within CD40, each contributing a different effect in the onset and development of AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguo Wang
- a Department of Clinical Lab Medicine , Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University , Taizhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , School of Medicine, Taizhou University , Taizhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Huanyuan Zhang
- c Department of Pathology , Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University , Taizhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- c Department of Pathology , Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University , Taizhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Linjun Yang
- d Department of Thyroid-Breast Surgery , Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University , Taizhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yonghua Mou
- e Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University , Taizhou , Zhejiang , China
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