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Zubair H, Saqib M, Khan MN, Shamas S, Irfan S, Shahab M. Variation in Hypothalamic GnIH Expression and Its Association with GnRH and Kiss1 during Pubertal Progression in Male Rhesus Monkeys ( Macaca mulatta). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243533. [PMID: 36552453 PMCID: PMC9774706 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion across postnatal development in higher primates is not fully understood. While gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is reported to suppress reproductive axis activity in birds and rodents, little is known about the developmental trajectory of GnIH expression in rhesus monkeys throughout the pubertal transition. This study was aimed at examining the variation in GnIH immunoreactivity (-ir) and associated changes among GnIH, GnRH, and Kiss1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of infant, juvenile, prepubertal, and adult male rhesus monkeys. The brains from rhesus macaques were collected from infancy until adulthood and were examined using immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. The mean GnIH-ir was found to be significantly higher in prepubertal animals (p < 0.01) compared to infants, and significantly reduced in adults (p < 0.001). Significantly higher (p < 0.001) GnRH and Kiss1 mRNA expression was noted in adults while GnIH mRNA expression was the highest at the prepubertal stage (p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were seen between GnIH-GnRH (p < 0.01) and GnIH-Kiss1 (p < 0.001) expression. Our findings suggest a role for GnIH in the prepubertal suppression of the reproductive axis, with disinhibition of the adult reproductive axis occurring through decreases in GnIH. This pattern of expression suggests that GnIH may be a viable target for the development of novel therapeutics and contraceptives for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zubair
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.S.); Tel.: +92-333-5126713 (H.Z.); +92-331-5579926 (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman Khan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Shamas
- Department of Zoology, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Irfan
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.S.); Tel.: +92-333-5126713 (H.Z.); +92-331-5579926 (M.S.)
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Fanelli D, Beltramo M, Conte G, Cerretini B, Lomet D, Rota A, Aucagne V, Camillo F, Panzani D. The Kisspeptin analogue C6 induces ovulation in jennies. Theriogenology 2022; 189:107-112. [PMID: 35738032 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptins (KPs) are the most potent stimulating neurotransmitters of GnRH release, and consequently KP administration triggers LH and/or FSH release. In small ruminants, KP or its analogs induced an LH surge followed by ovulation in both cyclic and acyclic animals, while in the mare KP only increased LH plasma levels but failed to induce ovulation. This study in jennies compares the endocrinological effects, ovulatory and pregnancy rates of the KP analog C6 and the GnRH analog buserelin acetate. The ovarian activity of nine Amiata jennies was monitored daily by transrectal ultrasound for three complete estrous cycles. Jennies in estrus were assigned, to one of three treatment groups: 50 nmol of the KP analog C6 (injected twice, 24 h apart, C6 group); 0.4 mg buserelin acetate (injected once, Bu group); and 2 mL of saline (injected once, CTRL group). Blood samples were collected at Day-1 (-24 h) Day0 (h0, before treatment), h2, h4, h6, h8, h10, h24 (before second treatment with C6), h26, h28, h30, h32, h34, h48 and every 24 h until ovulation. Jennies were inseminated once at h24 with fresh extended semen from a donkey stallion. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed 14 days after ovulation. On days 5, 10, and 14 after ovulation, for every CL the cross-sectional area (CSA) and the vascularized area (VA) were recorded by color doppler ultrasound and measured. Significantly higher plasma LH levels were found after induction between the Bu and CTRL groups at h6 and h8 (P < 0.05), while tendentially higher differences were found between the Bu/C6 groups and CTRL at h10. Five/9, 4/9, and 2/9 jennies ovulated between 24 and 48 h after induction from the Bu, C6, and CTRL groups respectively, (P > 0.05). Correlations between corpora lutea CSA and VA with serum progesterone concentration were r = 0.31, P = 0.01, r = 0.38, P = 0.01, respectively. Pregnancy rates after artificial insemination did not differ among groups (CTRL: 6/9, 66.7%; C6: 7/9, 77.8%; Bu: 6/9, 66.7%; P > 0.05). Ovulation rates after C6 treatment were comparable to that of Bu, although not different from the CTRL. Pregnancy rates were comparable to the literature in terms of fresh extended donkey semen in every group. This study suggests that stimulation of the Kp system in jennies, in contrast to findings observed in mares, induces ovulation. Further studies using higher doses and/or more animals are needed to better characterize the efficacy of C6 in jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fanelli
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PR China) UMR7247 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cerretini
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Didier Lomet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PR China) UMR7247 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alessandra Rota
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron CS 80054 45071 ORLEANS Cedex 2, Orleans, France
| | - Francesco Camillo
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Duccio Panzani
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy.
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Hu KL, Chen Z, Li X, Cai E, Yang H, Chen Y, Wang C, Ju L, Deng W, Mu L. Advances in clinical applications of kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in female reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:81. [PMID: 35606759 PMCID: PMC9125910 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin is the leading upstream regulator of pulsatile and surge Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone secretion (GnRH) in the hypothalamus, which acts as the key governor of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis. MAIN TEXT Exogenous kisspeptin or its receptor agonist can stimulate GnRH release and subsequent physiological gonadotropin secretion in humans. Based on the role of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus, a broad application of kisspeptin and its receptor agonist has been recently uncovered in humans, including central control of ovulation, oocyte maturation (particularly in women at a high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome), test for GnRH neuronal function, and gatekeepers of puberty onset. In addition, the kisspeptin analogs, such as TAK-448, showed promising agonistic activity in healthy women as well as in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea or polycystic ovary syndrome. CONCLUSION More clinical trials should focus on the therapeutic effect of kisspeptin, its receptor agonist and antagonist in women with reproductive disorders, such as hypothalamic amenorrhoea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Enci Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Yi Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Congying Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Liping Ju
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Wenhai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325006.
| | - Liangshan Mu
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200.
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Singh P, Anjum S, Srivastava RK, Tsutsui K, Krishna A. Central and peripheral neuropeptide RFRP-3: A bridge linking reproduction, nutrition, and stress response. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100979. [PMID: 35122778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is an amalgamation of the current status of RFRP-3 (GnIH) in reproduction and its association with the nutrition and stress-mediated changes in the reproductive activities. GnIH has been demonstrated in the hypothalamus of all the vertebrates studied so far and is a well-known inhibitor of GnRH mediated reproduction. The RFRP-3 neurons interact with the other hypothalamic neurons and the hormonal signals from peripheral organs for coordinating the nutritional, stress, and environmental associated changes to regulate reproduction. RFRP-3 has also been shown to regulate puberty, reproductive cyclicity and senescence depending upon the nutritional status. A favourable nutritional status and the environmental cues which are permissive for the successful breeding and pregnancy outcome keep RFRP-3 level low, whereas unfavourable nutritional status and stressful conditions increase the expression of RFRP-3 which impairs the reproduction. Still our knowledge about RFRP-3 is incomplete regarding its therapeutic application for nutritional or stress-related reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmasana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Shabana Anjum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima University 739-8521, Japan
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
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Clinical Potential of Kisspeptin in Reproductive Health. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:807-823. [PMID: 34210598 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptins are a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides that are essential for the regulation of reproductive physiology. Their importance in reproductive health became apparent in 2003, when loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding the kisspeptin receptor were reported to result in isolated congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). It has since been ascertained that hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion to thus stimulate the remainder of the reproductive endocrine axis. In this review, we discuss genetic variants that affect kisspeptin receptor signaling, summarize data on KISS1R agonists, and posit possible clinical uses of native and synthetic kisspeptin receptor agonists for the investigation and treatment of reproductive disorders.
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Quillet R, Schneider S, Utard V, Drieu la Rochelle A, Elhabazi K, Henningsen JB, Gizzi P, Schmitt M, Kugler V, Simonneaux V, Ilien B, Simonin F, Bihel F. Identification of an N-acylated- DArg-Leu-NH 2 Dipeptide as a Highly Selective Neuropeptide FF1 Receptor Antagonist That Potently Prevents Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7555-7564. [PMID: 34008968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) and neuropeptide FF (NPFF) target two different receptor subtypes called neuropeptide FF1 (NPFF1R) and neuropeptide FF2 (NPFF2R) that modulate several functions. However, the study of their respective role is severely limited by the absence of selective blockers. We describe here the design of a highly selective NPFF1R antagonist called RF3286, which potently blocks RFRP-3-induced hyperalgesia in mice and luteinizing hormone release in hamsters. We then showed that the pharmacological blockade of NPFF1R in mice prevents the development of fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia while preserving its analgesic effect. Altogether, our data indicate that RF3286 represents a useful pharmacological tool to study the involvement of the NPFF1R/RFRP-3 system in different functions and different species. Thanks to this compound, we showed that this system is critically involved in the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia, suggesting that NPFF1R antagonists might represent promising therapeutic tools to improve the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Quillet
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Schneider
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Utard
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Armand Drieu la Rochelle
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Khadija Elhabazi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jo Beldring Henningsen
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212 CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Gizzi
- TechMedIll, UMS 3286 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Kugler
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212 CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Ilien
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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Ullah R, Naz R, Batool A, Wazir M, Rahman TU, Nabi G, Wahab F, Fu J, Shahab M. RF9 Rescues Cortisol-Induced Repression of Testosterone Levels in Adult Male Macaques. Front Physiol 2021; 12:630796. [PMID: 33716777 PMCID: PMC7946976 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.630796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol inhibits hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis whereas RF9, a potent agonist of kisspeptin receptor (GPR54) activates HPG-axis during fasting-induced stress and under normal physiological conditions. However, the effect of RF9 on the cortisol-induced repressed HPG-axis is not studied yet. This study investigated whether exogenous cortisol-induced repression of the HPG-axis can be rescued by RF9. Six intact adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) habituated to chair-restraint were administered hydrocortisone sodium succinate at a rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight (BW) per day for 12 days. Single blood sample was taken by venipuncture from each animal on alternate days for hormones analyses. On experimental day 12, hydrocortisone treated monkeys received a single intravenous bolus of RF9 (n = 3) and vehicle (n = 3). The animals were bled for a period of 4 h at 60 min intervals from an indwelling cannula in the saphenous vein. RF9 was administered intravenously at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW immediately after taking 0 min sample. Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were measured by using specific enzyme immunoassays. Hydrocortisone treatment increased plasma cortisol levels (P ≤ 0.0001) and decreased plasma testosterone (P ≤ 0.0127) levels. Interestingly, compared to vehicle, RF9 treatment significantly increased plasma testosterone levels at 120 min (P ≤ 0.0037), 180 min (P ≤ 0.0016), and 240 min (P ≤ 0.0001) intervals in the hydrocortisone treated monkeys. From these results, we concluded that RF9 administration relieves the suppressed HPG-axis in term of plasma testosterone levels in the cortisol treated monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rabia Naz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aalia Batool
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Wazir
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanzil Ur Rahman
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Nguyen T, Marusich J, Li JX, Zhang Y. Neuropeptide FF and Its Receptors: Therapeutic Applications and Ligand Development. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12387-12402. [PMID: 32673481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and its two cognate G protein-coupled receptors, Neuropeptide FF Receptors 1 and 2 (NPFFR1 and NPFFR2), represent a relatively new target system for many therapeutic applications including pain regulation, modulation of opioid side effects, drug reward, anxiety, cardiovascular conditions, and other peripheral effects. Since the cloning of NPFFR1 and NPFFR2 in 2000, significant progress has been made to understand their pharmacological roles and interactions with other receptor systems, notably the opioid receptors. A variety of NPFFR ligands with different mechanisms of action (agonists or antagonists) have been discovered although with limited subtype selectivities. Differential pharmacological effects have been observed for many of these NPFFR ligands, depending on assays/models employed and routes of administration. In this Perspective, we highlight the therapeutic potentials, current knowledge gaps, and latest updates of the development of peptidic and small molecule NPFFR ligands as tool compounds and therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Julie Marusich
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Ieda N, Minabe S, Ikegami K, Watanabe Y, Sugimoto Y, Sugimoto A, Kawai N, Ishii H, Inoue N, Uenoyama Y, Tsukamura H. GnRH(1-5), a metabolite of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, enhances luteinizing hormone release via activation of kisspeptin neurons in female rats. Endocr J 2020; 67:409-418. [PMID: 31941848 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which coexpress neurokinin B and dynorphin, are involved in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse generation, while the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) kisspeptin neurons are responsible for GnRH/LH surge generation. The present study aims to examine whether GnRH(1-5), a GnRH metabolite, regulates LH release via kisspeptin neurons. GnRH(1-5) was intracerebroventricularly injected to ovariectomized and estrogen-treated Wistar-Imamichi female rats. Immediately after the central GnRH(1-5) administration at 2 nmol, plasma LH concentration increased, resulting in significantly higher levels of the area under the curve and baseline of plasma LH concentrations compared to vehicle-injected controls. On the other hand, in Kiss1 knockout rats, GnRH(1-5) administration failed to affect LH secretion, suggesting that the facilitatory effect of GnRH(1-5) on LH release is mediated by kisspeptin neurons. Double in situ hybridization (ISH) for Kiss1 and Gpr101, a GnRH(1-5) receptor gene, revealed that few Kiss1-expressing cells coexpress Gpr101 in both ARC and AVPV. On the other hand, double ISH for Gpr101 and Slc17a6, a glutamatergic marker gene, revealed that 29.2% of ARC Gpr101-expressing cells coexpress Slc17a6. Further, most of the AVPV and ARC Kiss1-expressing cells coexpress Grin1, a gene encoding a subunit of NMDA receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that the GnRH(1-5)-GPR101 signaling facilitates LH release via indirect activation of kisspeptin neurons and that glutamatergic neurons may mediate the signaling. This provides a new aspect of kisspeptin- and GnRH-neuronal communication with the presence of stimulation from GnRH to kisspeptin neurons in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Ieda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shiori Minabe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Ikegami
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Youki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Arisa Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Narumi Kawai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishii
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Gulcu Bulmus F, Canpolat S, Sahin Z, Bulmus O, Serhatlioglu I, Kelestimur H. Kisspeptin and RF9 prevent paroxetine-induced changes in some parameters of seminal vesicle fluid in the male rats. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13538. [PMID: 32052480 DOI: 10.1111/and.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine possible impacts of paroxetine and agomelatine on the levels of some components that constitute the seminal vesicle fluid. As a second purpose, it was also aimed to examine how possible negative effects induced by paroxetine on seminal vesicle fluid components were affected by kisspeptin and RF9 (an RFamide-related peptide antagonist, RFRP). Forty-two male rats, aged 21 days, divided into six groups; control, sham, paroxetine, agomelatine, paroxetine + kisspeptin and paroxetine + RF9. Paroxetine (3.6 mg/kg) and agomelatine (10 mg/kg) were administrated by oral gavage. Kisspeptin (1 nmol) and RF9 (20 nmol) were administered intracerebroventricular (i.c.v). The experiments were ended on post-natal 120 days; fructose, vitamin E, sodium, potassium and magnesium levels were measured in seminal vesicle fluid. Fructose, vitamin E, magnesium and potassium levels were significantly decreased in seminal vesicle fluid from the rats treated with paroxetine but did not show significant differences following agomelatine administration. The co-administration of kisspeptin or RF9 with paroxetine prevented the paroxetine-induced negative effects on seminal vesicle fluid components. These results suggest that reduction in sperm fertilising ability caused by changes in seminal vesicle fluid can be seen in long-term antidepressant use. RF-9 and kisspeptin might have positive effects on long-term antidepressant use-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Serhatlioglu
- Department of Biophysics, Medicine Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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King TI, Roewekamp AC, Sharma A, Harrison S, Mesangeau C, Mottinelli M, Kamble SH, McCurdy CR, Avery BA. Bioanalytical method development and validation of MES207, a neuropeptide FF receptor antagonist, and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1134-1135:121875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Impact of Morphine on Reproductive Activity in Male Rats Is Regulated by Rf-Amid-Related Peptide-3 and Substance P Adjusting Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:456-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sahin Z, Kelestimur H. RF9: May it be a new therapeutic option for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism? Med Hypotheses 2019; 128:54-57. [PMID: 31203909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (secondary hypogonadism), congenital or acquired, is a form of hypogonadism that is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting gonadotropin levels. Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by hypothalamus is a primer step to initiate the release of pituitary gonadotropins. Kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) are accepted as two major players in the activation and inhibition of GnRH regarding the neuroendocrine functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis. Kisspeptin is known as the most potent activator of GnRH. Regarding the inhibition of GnRH, RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is accepted as the mammalian orthologue of GnIH in avian species. RF9 (1-adamantane carbonyl-Arg-Phe-NH2) is an antagonist of RFRP-3/GnIH receptor (neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (NPFFR1; also termed as GPR147). In recent years, several studies have indicated that RF9 activates GnRH neurons and gonadotropins in a kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r, formerly known as GPR54) dependent manner. These results suggest that RF9 may have a bimodal function as both an RFRP-3 antagonist and a kisspeptin agonist or it may be a kiss1r agonist rather than an RFRP-3/GnIH receptor antagonist. These interactions are possible because Kisspeptin and GnIH are members of the RF-amide family, and both possibilities are not far from explaining the potent gonadotropin stimulating effects of RF9. Therefore, we hypothesize that RF9 may be a new therapeutic option for the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to its potent GnRH stimulating effects. A constant or repeated administration of RF9 provides a sustained increase in plasma gonadotrophin levels. However, applications in the same way with GnRH analogues and kisspeptin may result in desensitization of the gonadotropic axis. The reasons reported above contribute to our hypothesis that RF9 may be a good option in the GnRH stimulating as a kisspeptin agonist. We suggest that further studies are needed to elucidate the potential effects of RF9 in the treatment of the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Hu KL, Chang HM, Li R, Yu Y, Qiao J. Regulation of LH secretion by RFRP-3 - From the hypothalamus to the pituitary. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:12-21. [PMID: 29608929 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs) have long been identified as inhibitors of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in mammals. However, less progress has been made in the detailed roles of RFRPs in the control of LH secretion. Recent studies have suggested that RFRP-3 neurons in the hypothalamus can regulate the secretion of LH at different levels, including kisspeptin neurons, GnRH neurons, and the pituitary. Additionally, conflicting results regarding the effects of RFRP-3 on these levels exist. In this review, we collect the latest evidence related to the effects of RFRP-3 neurons in regulating LH secretion by acting on kisspeptin neurons, GnRH neurons, and the pituitary and discuss the potential role of the timely reduction of RFRP-3 signaling in the modulation of the preovulatory LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Ubuka T, Tsutsui K. Comparative and Evolutionary Aspects of Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone and FMRFamide-Like Peptide Systems. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:747. [PMID: 30405335 PMCID: PMC6200920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that was found in the brain of Japanese quail when investigating the existence of RFamide peptides in birds. GnIH was named because it decreased gonadotropin release from cultured anterior pituitary, which was located in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. GnIH and GnIH precursor gene related peptides have a characteristic C-terminal LPXRFamide (X = L or Q) motif that is conserved in jawed vertebrates. Orthologous peptides to GnIH are also named RFamide related peptide or LPXRFamide peptide from their structure. A G-protein coupled receptor GPR147 is the primary receptor for GnIH. Similarity-based clustering of neuropeptide precursors in metazoan species indicates that GnIH precursor of vertebrates is evolutionarily related to FMRFamide precursor of mollusk and nematode. FMRFamide peptide is the first RFamide peptide that was identified from the ganglia of the venus clam. In order to infer the evolutionary history of the GnIH-GnIH receptor system we investigate the structural similarities between GnIH and its receptor and well-studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) and their receptors. We also compare the functions of FLPs of nematode with GnIH of chordates. A multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of GnIH, neuropeptide FF (NPFF), a paralogous peptide of GnIH, and FLP precursors have shown that GnIH and NPFF precursors belong to different clades and some FLP precursors have structural similarities to either precursor. The peptide coding regions of FLP precursors in the same clade align well with those of GnIH or NPFF precursors. Alignment of GnIH (LPXRFa) peptides of chordates and FLPs of C. elegans grouped the peptides into five groups according to the last C-terminal amino acid sequences, which were MRFa, LRFa, VRFa, IRFa, and PQRFa. Phylogenetic analysis of receptors suggested that GPR147 has evolutionary relationships with FLP receptors, which regulate reproduction, aggression, locomotion, and feeding. GnIH and some FLPs mediate the effect of stress on reproduction and behavior, which may also be a conserved property of these peptide systems. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of how neuropeptide precursor genes are mutated to evolve new neuropeptides and their inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ubuka
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
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16
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Leon S, Velasco I, Vázquez MJ, Barroso A, Beiroa D, Heras V, Ruiz-Pino F, Manfredi-Lozano M, Romero-Ruiz A, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Dieguez C, Pinilla L, Roa J, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M. Sex-Biased Physiological Roles of NPFF1R, the Canonical Receptor of RFRP-3, in Food Intake and Metabolic Homeostasis Revealed by its Congenital Ablation in mice. Metabolism 2018; 87:87-97. [PMID: 30075164 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone, operates as inhibitory signal for the reproductive axis. Recently, RFRP-3 has been also suggested to stimulate feeding, and therefore might contribute to the control of body weight and its alterations. Yet, characterization of the metabolic actions of RFRP-3 has been so far superficial and mostly pharmacological. Here, we aim to investigate the physiological roles of RFRP-3 signaling in the control of feeding and metabolic homeostasis using a novel mouse model of genetic ablation of its canonical receptor, NPFF1R. METHODS Food intake, body weight gain and composition, and key metabolic parameters, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, were monitored in mice with constitutive inactivation of NPFF1R. RESULTS Congenital elimination of NPFF1R in male mice resulted in changes in feeding patterns, with a decrease in spontaneous food intake and altered responses to leptin and ghrelin: leptin-induced feeding suppression was exaggerated in NPFF1R null mice, whereas orexigenic responses to ghrelin were partially blunted. Concordant with this pro-anorectic phenotype, hypothalamic expression of Pomc was increased in NPFF1R null mice. In contrast, spontaneous feeding and neuropeptide expression remained unaltered in NPFF1R KO female mice. Despite propensity for reduced feeding, ablation of NPFF1R signaling in male mice did not cause overt alterations in body weight (BW) gain or composition, neither it affected BW responses to high fat diet (HFD), total energy expenditure or RQ ratios. Yet, NPFF1R KO males showed a decrease in locomotor activity. Conversely, NPFF1R null female mice tended to be heavier and displayed exaggerated BW increases in response to obesogenic insults, such as HFD or ovariectomy. These were associated to increased fat mass, decreased total energy expenditure in HFD, and unaltered RQ ratios or spontaneous locomotor activity. Finally, lack of NPFF1R signaling worsened the metabolic impact of HFD on glycemic homeostasis in males, as revealed by impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, while female mice remained unaffected. CONCLUSION Our data support a discernible orexigenic role of NPFF1R signaling selectively in males, which might modulate the effects of leptin and ghrelin on food intake. In addition, our study is the first to disclose the sex-biased, deleterious impact of the lack of NPFF1R signaling on body weight and fat composition, energy expenditure, locomotor activity and glucose balance, which exaggerates some of the metabolic consequences of concurrent obesogenic insults, such as HFD, in a sexually dimorphic manner. SUMMARY OF TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Our data are the first to document the nature and magnitude of the regulatory actions of RFRP-3/NPFF1R signaling in the control of feeding and metabolic homeostasis in a physiological setting. Our results not only suggest an orexigenic action of endogenous RFRP-3, specifically in males, but reveal also the detrimental impact of ablation of NPFF1R signaling on body composition, energy expenditure, locomotor activity or glucose balance, especially when concurrent with other obesogenic insults, as HFD, thereby providing the first evidence for additional metabolic effects of RFRP-3, other that the mere control of feeding. Interestingly, alterations of such key metabolic parameters occurred in a sex-biased manner, with males being more sensitive to deregulation of locomotor activity and glycemic control, while females displayed clearer obesogenic responses and deregulated energy expenditure. While our study cannot discard the possibility of RFRP-3 actions via alternative pathways, such as NPFF2R, our data pave the way for future analyses addressing the eventual contribution of altered RFRP-3/NPFF1R signaling in the development of metabolic alterations (including obesity and its comorbidities), especially in conditions associated to reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Leon
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Velasco
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Manfredi-Lozano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sanchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Zhang W, Wang L, Yu X, Jia A, Ming J, Ji Q. RFamide-related peptide-3 promotes alpha TC1 clone 6 cell survival likely via GPR147. Peptides 2018; 107:39-44. [PMID: 30081043 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to islet alpha cell mass and viability. Several types of RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs) are involved in regulating proliferation and function of islet cells. However, current understanding of the role of RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) in pancreatic alpha cells is limited. Therefore, we investigated the expression of the RFRP-3 receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 147 (GPR147), in mouse islets and alpha TC1 clone 6 cells, and evaluated the function of RFRP-3 on alpha cells. We show that GPR147 is expressed in mouse islets and alpha cell lines. In addition, RFRP-3 promotes survival of alpha cells under conditions of hyperglycemia and serum starvation. Mechanistic evidence demonstrates that RFRP-3 activated PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling cascades and treatment with an antagonist of GPR147, 1-adamantanecarbonyl-Arg-Phe-NH₂ (RF9) blocked this function. These findings indicate a novel effect of RFRP-3 in promoting alpha cell survival, likely via GPR147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 169 Changle Road West, 710032, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 169 Changle Road West, 710032, China
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 169 Changle Road West, 710032, China
| | - Aihua Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 169 Changle Road West, 710032, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 169 Changle Road West, 710032, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 169 Changle Road West, 710032, China.
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Ubuka T, Parhar I, Kriegsfeld LJ, Tsutsui K. Editorial: The Roles of GnIH in Reproductive Function and Behavior. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:19. [PMID: 29445358 PMCID: PMC5797730 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ubuka
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Takayoshi Ubuka,
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology, Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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He Y, Sun W, Yu J. Is precocious puberty linked to hypothalamic expression of arginine-phenylalanine-amide-related peptide? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:1074-1078. [PMID: 29147481 PMCID: PMC5673690 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.9397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The up-regulation and down-regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in central precocious puberty is not yet known. However, recent advances in neuroendocrinology have shown the controlling role of arginine-phenylalanine RF-amide-related peptides (RFRPs) on GnRH secretion in different phenomenon of reproduction such as estrus cycle and pregnancy, but the exact role of RFRPs in puberty and its related pathologic condition, precocious puberty, is not clear yet. This paper hypothesizes that RFRP is a regulatory peptide of puberty and might prevent the precocious puberty. On the basis of previous studies on hormonal fluctuations at the time of puberty, RFRP might have a role on controlling of premature secretion of GnRH and avoiding central precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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20
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Macchi C, Steffani L, Oleari R, Lettieri A, Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Romero-Ruiz A, Tena-Sempere M, Cariboni A, Magni P, Ruscica M. Iron overload induces hypogonadism in male mice via extrahypothalamic mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. [PMID: 28648620 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron overload leads to multiple organ damage including endocrine organ dysfunctions. Hypogonadism is the most common non-diabetic endocrinopathy in primary and secondary iron overload syndromes. AIM To explore the molecular determinants of iron overload-induced hypogonadism with specific focus on hypothalamic derangements. A dysmetabolic male murine model fed iron-enriched diet (IED) and cell-based models of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons were used. RESULTS Mice fed IED showed severe hypogonadism with a significant reduction of serum levels of testosterone (-83%) and of luteinizing hormone (-86%), as well as reduced body weight gain, body fat and plasma leptin. IED mice had a significant increment in iron concentration in testes and in the pituitary. Even if iron challenge of in vitro neuronal models (GN-11 and GT1-7 GnRH cells) resulted in 10- and 5-fold iron content increments, respectively, no iron content changes were found in vivo in hypothalamus of IED mice. Conversely, mice placed on IED showed a significant increment in hypothalamic GnRH gene expression (+34%) and in the intensity of GnRH-neuron innervation of the median eminence (+1.5-fold); similar changes were found in the murine model HFE-/-, resembling human hemochromatosis. CONCLUSIONS IED-fed adult male mice show severe impairment of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis without a relevant contribution of the hypothalamic compartment, which thus appears sufficiently protected from systemic iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Steffani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi Milano, UO Medicina Interna 1B, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi Milano, UO Medicina Interna 1B, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Korthanke CM, Thorson JF, Prezotto LD, Welsh TH, Cardoso RC, Williams GL. Secretion of Gonadotropins in Response to a Novel Kiss-1 Receptor Agonist, RF9 in the Mare: Modulation by Estradiol-17β and Half-Life of RF9 in the Peripheral Circulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Elhabazi K, Humbert JP, Bertin I, Quillet R, Utard V, Schneider S, Schmitt M, Bourguignon JJ, Laboureyras E, Ben Boujema M, Simonnet G, Ancel C, Simonneaux V, Beltramo M, Bucher B, Sorg T, Meziane H, Schneider E, Petit-Demoulière B, Ilien B, Bihel F, Simonin F. RF313, an orally bioavailable neuropeptide FF receptor antagonist, opposes effects of RF-amide-related peptide-3 and opioid-induced hyperalgesia in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Thorson JF, Heidorn NL, Ryu V, Czaja K, Nonneman DJ, Barb CR, Hausman GJ, Rohrer GA, Prezotto LD, McCosh RB, Wright EC, White BR, Freking BA, Oliver WT, Hileman SM, Lents CA. Relationship of neuropeptide FF receptors with pubertal maturation of gilts †. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:617-634. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Wang ZL, Pan JX, Song JJ, Tang HH, Yu HP, Li XH, Li N, Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang MN, Xu B, Fang Q, Wang R. Structure-Based Optimization of Multifunctional Agonists for Opioid and Neuropeptide FF Receptors with Potent Nontolerance Forming Analgesic Activities. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10198-10208. [PMID: 27798836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hong-Hai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hong-Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Run Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Meng-Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Biao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical
Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang
West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Ullah R, Shen Y, Zhou YD, Huang K, Fu JF, Wahab F, Shahab M. Expression and actions of GnIH and its orthologs in vertebrates: Current status and advanced knowledge. Neuropeptides 2016; 59:9-20. [PMID: 27255391 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of reproduction is very complex and is regulated by multiple factors, including a number of hypothalamic neuropeptides. In last few decades, various neuropeptides have been discovered to be involved in stimulation or inhibition of reproduction. In 2000, Tsutsui and colleagues uncovered gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), a neuropeptide generating inhibitory drive to the reproductive axis, in the brain of Coturnix quail. Afterward, GnIH orthologs were discovered in other vertebrates from fish to mammals including human. In these vertebrates, all the discovered GnIH and its ortholgs have LPXRFamide (X=L or Q) sequence at C-terminus. GnIH orthologs of mammals and primates are also termed as RFamide-related peptide (RFRP)-1 and -3 that too have an LPXRFamide (X=L or Q) motif at their C-terminus. GnIH and its orthologs form a member of the RFamide peptide family. GnIH signals via its canonical G protein coupled receptor 147 (GPR147). Both GnIH and GPR147 are expressed in hypothalamus and other brain regions. Besides actions through the hypothalamic GnRH and kisspeptinergic neurons, GnIH-GPR147 signaling exerts inhibitory effect on the reproductive axis via pituitary gonadotropes and directly at gonadal level. Various factors including availability and quality of food, photoperiod, temperature, social interaction, various stresses and some diseases modulate GnIH-GPR147 signaling. In this review, we have discussed expression and actions of GnIH and its orthologs in vertebrates. Special emphasis is given on the role of GnIH-GPR147 signaling pathway in the regulation of reproduction. We have also reviewed and discussed currently available literature on the participation of GnIH-GPR147 signaling pathway in the stress modulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Fen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Kim JS. What's in a Name? Roles of RFamide-Related Peptides Beyond Gonadotrophin Inhibition. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27369805 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs) have been heavily implicated in the control of reproductive function subsequent to their discovery more than 16 years ago. However, recent studies using genetic and pharmacological tools have challenged their importance in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It is generally accepted that RFRPs act as part of a wider RFamide system, which involves two receptors, called the neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFR1 and R2), and includes the closely-related neuropeptide NPFF. NPFF has been studied ever since the 1980s and many of the functions of NPFF are also shared by RFRPs. The current review questions whether these functions of NPFF are indeed specific to just NPFF alone and presents evidence from both neuroendocrine and pharmacological perspectives. Furthermore, recently emerging new functions of RFRPs are discussed with the overall goal of clarifying the functions of RFRPs beyond the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kim
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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27
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Liu X, Herbison AE. Kisspeptin Regulation of Neuronal Activity throughout the Central Nervous System. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:193-205. [PMID: 27246282 PMCID: PMC4923402 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin signaling at the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron is now relatively well characterized and established as being critical for the neural control of fertility. However, kisspeptin fibers and the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) are detected throughout the brain suggesting that kisspeptin is involved in regulating the activity of multiple neuronal circuits. We provide here a review of kisspeptin actions on neuronal populations throughout the brain including the magnocellular oxytocin and vasopressin neurons, and cells within the arcuate nucleus, hippocampus, and amygdala. The actions of kisspeptin in these brain regions are compared to its effects upon GnRH neurons. Two major themes arise from this analysis. First, it is apparent that kisspeptin signaling through KISS1R at the GnRH neuron is a unique, extremely potent form or neurotransmission whereas kisspeptin actions through KISS1R in other brain regions exhibit neuromodulatory actions typical of other neuropeptides. Second, it is becoming increasingly likely that kisspeptin acts as a neuromodulator not only through KISS1R but also through other RFamide receptors such as the neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFRs). We suggest likely locations of kisspeptin signaling through NPFFRs but note that only limited tools are presently available for examining kisspeptin cross-signaling within the RFamide family of neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuai Liu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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28
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Fernandois D, Na E, Cuevas F, Cruz G, Lara HE, Paredes AH. Kisspeptin is involved in ovarian follicular development during aging in rats. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:161-70. [PMID: 26698566 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that kisspeptin (KP) may be under the control of the sympathetic innervation of the ovary. Considering that the sympathetic activity of the ovary increases with aging, it is possible that ovarian KP also increases during this period and participates in follicular development. To evaluate this possibility, we determined ovarian KP expression and its action on follicular development during reproductive aging in rats. We measured ovarian KP mRNA and protein levels in 6-, 8-, 10- and 12-month-old rats. To evaluate follicular developmental changes, intraovarian administration of KP or its antagonist, peptide 234 (P234), was performed using a mini-osmotic pump, and to evaluate FSH receptor (FSHR) changes in the senescent ovary, we stimulated cultured ovaries with KP, P234 and isoproterenol (ISO). Our results shows that KP expression in the ovary was increased in 10- and 12-month-old rats compared with 6-month-old rats, and this increase in KP was strongly correlated with the increase in ovarian norepinephrine observed with aging. The administration of KP produced an increase in corpora lutea and type III follicles in 6- and 10-month-old rats, which was reversed by P234 administration at 10 months. In addition, KP decreased the number and size of antral follicles in 6- and 10-month-old rats, while P234 administration produced an increase in these structures at the same ages. In ovarian cultures KP prevented the induction of FSHR by ISO. These results suggest that intraovarian KP negatively participates in the acquisition of FSHR, indicating a local role in the regulation of follicular development and ovulation during reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fernandois
- Laboratory of NeurobiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileLaboratorio de alteraciones Reproductivas y MetabólicasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - E Na
- Laboratory of NeurobiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileLaboratorio de alteraciones Reproductivas y MetabólicasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - F Cuevas
- Laboratory of NeurobiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileLaboratorio de alteraciones Reproductivas y MetabólicasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - G Cruz
- Laboratory of NeurobiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileLaboratorio de alteraciones Reproductivas y MetabólicasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - H E Lara
- Laboratory of NeurobiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileLaboratorio de alteraciones Reproductivas y MetabólicasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - A H Paredes
- Laboratory of NeurobiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileLaboratorio de alteraciones Reproductivas y MetabólicasFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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Quillet R, Ayachi S, Bihel F, Elhabazi K, Ilien B, Simonin F. RF-amide neuropeptides and their receptors in Mammals: Pharmacological properties, drug development and main physiological functions. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 160:84-132. [PMID: 26896564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RF-amide neuropeptides, with their typical Arg-Phe-NH2 signature at their carboxyl C-termini, belong to a lineage of peptides that spans almost the entire life tree. Throughout evolution, RF-amide peptides and their receptors preserved fundamental roles in reproduction and feeding, both in Vertebrates and Invertebrates. The scope of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the RF-amide systems in Mammals from historical aspects to therapeutic opportunities. Taking advantage of the most recent findings in the field, special focus will be given on molecular and pharmacological properties of RF-amide peptides and their receptors as well as on their implication in the control of different physiological functions including feeding, reproduction and pain. Recent progress on the development of drugs that target RF-amide receptors will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Quillet
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Safia Ayachi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Khadija Elhabazi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Ilien
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Ubuka T, Son YL, Tsutsui K. Molecular, cellular, morphological, physiological and behavioral aspects of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 227:27-50. [PMID: 26409890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that was isolated from the brains of Japanese quail in 2000, which inhibited luteinizing hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland. Here, we summarize the following fifteen years of researches that investigated on the mechanism of GnIH actions at molecular, cellular, morphological, physiological, and behavioral levels. The unique molecular structure of GnIH peptide is in its LPXRFamide (X=L or Q) motif at its C-terminal. The primary receptor for GnIH is GPR147. The cell signaling pathway triggered by GnIH is initiated by inhibiting adenylate cyclase and decreasing cAMP production in the target cell. GnIH neurons regulate not only gonadotropin synthesis and release in the pituitary, but also regulate various neurons in the brain, such as GnRH1, GnRH2, dopamine, POMC, NPY, orexin, MCH, CRH, oxytocin, and kisspeptin neurons. GnIH and GPR147 are also expressed in gonads and they may regulate steroidogenesis and germ cell maturation in an autocrine/paracrine manner. GnIH regulates reproductive development and activity. In female mammals, GnIH may regulate estrous or menstrual cycle. GnIH is also involved in the regulation of seasonal reproduction, but GnIH may finely tune reproductive activities in the breeding seasons. It is involved in stress responses not only in the brain but also in gonads. GnIH may inhibit male socio-sexual behavior by stimulating the activity of cytochrome P450 aromatase in the brain and stimulates feeding behavior by modulating the activities of hypothalamic and central amygdala neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ubuka
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS) of the Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 46150, Malaysia.
| | - You Lee Son
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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31
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Direct Actions of Kisspeptins on GnRH Neurons Permit Attainment of Fertility but are Insufficient to Fully Preserve Gonadotropic Axis Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19206. [PMID: 26755241 PMCID: PMC4709743 DOI: 10.1038/srep19206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins, ligands of the receptor, Gpr54, are potent stimulators of puberty and fertility. Yet, whether direct kisspeptin actions on GnRH neurons are sufficient for the whole repertoire of their reproductive effects remains debatable. To dissect out direct vs. indirect effects of kisspeptins on GnRH neurons in vivo, we report herein the detailed reproductive/gonadotropic characterization of a Gpr54 null mouse line with selective re-introduction of Gpr54 expression only in GnRH cells (Gpr54−/−Tg; rescued). Despite preserved fertility, adult rescued mice displayed abnormalities in gonadal microstructure, with signs of precocious ageing in females and elevated LH levels with normal-to-low testosterone secretion in males. Gpr54−/−Tg rescued mice showed also altered gonadotropin responses to negative feedback withdrawal, while luteinizing hormone responses to various gonadotropic regulators were variably affected, with partially blunted relative (but not absolute) responses to kisspeptin-10, NMDA and the agonist of tachykinin receptors, NK2R. Our data confirm that direct effects of kisspeptins on GnRH cells are sufficient to attain fertility. Yet, such direct actions appear to be insufficient to completely preserve proper functionality of gonadotropic axis, suggesting a role of kisspeptin signaling outside GnRH cells.
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Dan X, Liu X, Han Y, Liu Q, Yang L. Effect of the novel DNA vaccine fusing inhibin α (1-32) and the RF-amide related peptide-3 genes on immune response, hormone levels and fertility in Tan sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 164:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Salehi MS, Tamadon A, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Namavar MR, Zamiri MJ. The Role of Arginine-Phenylalanine-Amide-Related Peptides in Mammalian Reproduction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:268-76. [PMID: 26644848 PMCID: PMC4671388 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Until 2000 it was believed that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was the
sole regulator of hypophyseal gonadotropes. In 2000, the discovery of a gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) initiated a revolution in the field of reproductive
physiology. Identification of GnIH homologues in mammals, the arginine-phenylalanine-amide (RFamide)-related peptides (RFRPs), indicated a similar function.
Subsequently, further works conducted in various laboratories worldwide have
shown that these neuropeptides inhibit the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis. This review discusses the role of RFRPs in mammalian reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Min L, Leon S, Li H, Pinilla L, Carroll RS, Tena-Sempere M, Kaiser UB. RF9 Acts as a KISS1R Agonist In Vivo and In Vitro. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4639-48. [PMID: 26418326 PMCID: PMC4655216 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RF9, a reported antagonist of the mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor, stimulates gonadotropin secretion in mammals. Recent studies have suggested that the stimulatory effect of RF9 on gonadotropin secretion relies on intact kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Using Chinese Hamster Ovary cells stably transfected with KISS1R, we show that RF9 binds specifically to KISS1R, with a Kd of 1.6 × 10(-5)M, and stimulates an increase in intracellular calcium and inositol phosphate accumulation in a KISS1R-dependent manner, with EC50 values of 3.0 × 10(-6)M and 1.6 × 10(-7)M, respectively. RF9 also stimulated ERK phosphorylation, with a time course similar to that of kisspeptin-10. RFRP-3, the putative endogenous ligand for NPFFR1, did not stimulate inositol phosphate accumulation or pERK, nor did it alter responses to of kisspeptin-10 or RF9. In agreement with these in vitro data, we found that RF9 stimulated a robust LH increase in Npffr1(-/-) mice, similar to that in wild-type littermates, whereas the stimulatory effect of RF9 was markedly reduced in Kiss1r(-/-) and double Kiss1r(-/-)/Npfrr1(-/-) mice. The stimulatory effect of RF9 on LH secretion was restored by the selective rescue of Kiss1r expression in GnRH neurons, in Kiss1r(-/-T) mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that RF9 acts primarily as a KISS1R agonist, but not as an allosteric modulator, to stimulate LH secretion. Our findings raise questions regarding the utility of RF9 for assessing NPFF1R function and de-emphasize a predominant role of this signaling system in central regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Min
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (L.M., H.L., R.S.C., U.B.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (S.L., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology (M.T.-S.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Silvia Leon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (L.M., H.L., R.S.C., U.B.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (S.L., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology (M.T.-S.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (L.M., H.L., R.S.C., U.B.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (S.L., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology (M.T.-S.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (L.M., H.L., R.S.C., U.B.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (S.L., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology (M.T.-S.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Rona S Carroll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (L.M., H.L., R.S.C., U.B.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (S.L., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology (M.T.-S.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (L.M., H.L., R.S.C., U.B.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (S.L., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology (M.T.-S.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension (L.M., H.L., R.S.C., U.B.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (S.L., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; and FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology (M.T.-S.), University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Kim JS, Brownjohn PW, Dyer BS, Beltramo M, Walker CS, Hay DL, Painter GF, Tyndall JDA, Anderson GM. Anxiogenic and Stressor Effects of the Hypothalamic Neuropeptide RFRP-3 Are Overcome by the NPFFR Antagonist GJ14. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4152-62. [PMID: 26259035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is a recently discovered neuropeptide that has been proposed to play a role in the stress response. We aimed to elucidate the role of RFRP-3 and its receptor, neuropeptide FF (NPFF1R), in modulation of stress and anxiety responses. To achieve this, we characterized a new NPFF1R antagonist because our results showed that the only commercially available putative antagonist, RF9, is in fact an agonist at both NPFF1R and the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R). We report here the identification and pharmacological characterization of GJ14, a true NPFFR antagonist. In in vivo tests of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, GJ14 completely blocked RFRP-3-induced corticosterone release and neuronal activation in CRH neurons. Furthermore, chronic infusion of GJ14 led to anxiolytic-like behavior, whereas RFRP-3 infusion had anxiogenic effects. Mice receiving chronic RFRP-3 infusion also had higher basal circulating corticosterone levels. These results indicate a stimulatory action of RFRP-3 on the HPA axis, consistent with the dense expression of NPFF1R in the vicinity of CRH neurons. Importantly, coinfusion of RFRP-3 and GJ14 completely reversed the anxiogenic and HPA axis-stimulatory effects of RFRP-3. Here we have established the role of RFRP-3 as a regulator of stress and anxiety. We also show that GJ14 can reverse the effects of RFRP-3 both in vitro and in vivo. Infusion of GJ14 causes anxiolysis, revealing a novel potential target for treating anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon S Kim
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Phil W Brownjohn
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blake S Dyer
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S Walker
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Thorson JF, Desaulniers AT, Lee C, White BR, Ford JJ, Lents CA. The role of RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP3) in regulation of the neuroendocrine reproductive and growth axes of the boar. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 159:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xiang W, Zhang B, Lv F, Ma Y, Chen H, Chen L, Yang F, Wang P, Chu M. The Inhibitory Effects of RFamide-Related Peptide 3 on Luteinizing Hormone Release Involves an Estradiol-Dependent Manner in Prepubertal but Not in Adult Female Mice. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:30. [PMID: 26063871 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) ortholog, RFamide-related peptide (RFRP), is considered to act on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and the pituitary to inhibit gonadotropin synthesis and release. However, there is little evidence documenting whether RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) plays a primary role in inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis prior to the onset of puberty. The present study aimed to understand the functional significance of the neuropeptide on pubertal development. The developmental changes in reproductive-related gene expression at the mRNA level were investigated in the hypothalamus of female mice. The results indicated that RFRP-3 may be an endogenous inhibitory factor for the activation of the HPG axis prior to the onset of puberty. In addition, centrally administered RFRP-3 significantly suppressed plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in prepubertal female mice. Surprisingly, centrally administered RFRP-3 had no effects on plasma LH levels in ovariectomized (OVX) prepubescent female mice. In contrast, RFRP-3 also inhibited plasma LH levels in OVX prepubescent female mice that were treated with 17beta-estradiol replacement. Our study also examined the effects of RFRP-3 on plasma LH release in adult female mice that were ovariectomized at dioestrus, with or without estradiol (E2). Our results showed that the inhibitory effects of RFRP-3 were independent of E2 status. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that RFRP-3 inhibited GnRH expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus. These data demonstrated that RFRP-3 could effectively suppress pituitary LH release, via the inhibition of GnRH transcription and translation in prepubescent female mice, which is associated with estrogen signaling pathway and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoyun Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fenglin Lv
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxia Ma
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingqing Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wahab F, Shahab M, Behr R. The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:R49-66. [PMID: 25957191 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, kisspeptin (KP) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), two counteracting neuropeptides, have been acknowledged as significant regulators of reproductive function. KP stimulates reproduction while GnIH inhibits it. These two neuropeptides seem to be pivotal for the modulation of reproductive activity in response to internal and external cues. It is well-documented that the current metabolic status of the body is closely linked to its reproductive output. However, how reproductive function is regulated by the body's energy status is less clear. Recent studies have suggested an active participation of hypothalamic KP and GnIH in the modulation of reproductive function according to available metabolic cues. Expression of KISS1, the KP encoding gene, is decreased while expression of RFRP (NPVF), the gene encoding GnIH, is increased in metabolic deficiency conditions. The lower levels of KP, as suggested by a decrease in KISS1 gene mRNA expression, during metabolic deficiency can be corrected by administration of exogenous KP, which leads to an increase in reproductive hormone levels. Likewise, administration of RF9, a GnIH receptor antagonist, can reverse the inhibitory effect of fasting on testosterone in monkeys. Together, it is likely that the integrated function of both these hypothalamic neuropeptides works as a reproductive output regulator in response to a change in metabolic status. In this review, we have summarized literature from nonprimate and primate studies that demonstrate the involvement of KP and GnIH in the metabolic regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Behr
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Liu X, Herbison A. Kisspeptin regulation of arcuate neuron excitability in kisspeptin receptor knockout mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1815-27. [PMID: 25756309 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) is critical for kisspeptin to activate GnRH neurons to modulate fertility. However, the often mismatching distribution of kisspeptin and GPR54 in the brain suggests that kisspeptin may also act on other receptors. The arcuate nucleus (ARN) is one brain region with a very high density of kisspeptin fibers but only limited evidence for the expression of GPR54. Using acute brain slice electrophysiology in combination with Gpr54 knockout (GPR54KO) mouse models, we examined whether actions of kisspeptin in the ARN were dependent upon GPR54. Cell-attached recordings from unidentified ARN neurons in wild-type mice revealed that approximately one third of neurons were either excited or inhibited by kisspeptin in a dose-dependent manner. The responses of ARN neurons to kisspeptin were exactly the same in GPR54KO mice despite effects of kisspeptin on GnRH neurons being abolished. To evaluate whether kisspeptin may be acting through neuropeptide FF receptors, the effects of an agonist RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) and antagonists RF9 and BIBP-3226 were evaluated. Both the excitatory and inhibitory effects of kisspeptin were mimicked by the agonist RFRP-3. RF9 itself activated ARN neurons and suppressed only the inhibitory actions of kisspeptin. BIBP-3226 suppressed kisspeptin actions in 50% of neurons. Whole-cell recordings in GPR54KO mice demonstrated that both kisspeptin and RFRP-3 acted directly on the same ARN neurons and activated the same ion channels. Together, these studies demonstrate that kisspeptin can act partly through neuropeptide FF receptors to modulate neuronal activity independent of GPR54 in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuai Liu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Sahin Z, Canpolat S, Ozcan M, Ozgocer T, Kelestimur H. Kisspeptin antagonist prevents RF9-induced reproductive changes in female rats. Reproduction 2015; 149:465-73. [PMID: 25713426 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the modulatory effects of peptide 234 (p234) (an antagonist of GPR54 receptors) on kisspeptin and RF9 (an RFamide-related peptide antagonist)-induced changes in reproductive functions and energy balance in female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were weaned on postnatal day (pnd) 21. The animals were intracerebroventricularly cannulated under general anesthesia on pnd 23. Groups of female rats were injected with kisspeptin, RF9, p234, kisspeptin plus p234, or RF9 plus p234, daily. The experiments were ended on the day of first diestrus following pnd 60. Kisspeptin or RF9 alone advanced vaginal opening (VO), which was delayed by administration of kisspeptin antagonist alone. In the rats given kisspeptin plus p234 or RF9 plus p234, VO was not different from control rats. Kisspeptin and RF9 elicited significant elevations in circulating LH levels. Coadministrations of kisspeptin or RF9 with p234 decreased LH levels significantly. The use of p234 alone did not cause any significant change in LH secretion. Kisspeptin decreased both food intake and body weight while RF9 decreased only food intake without affecting body weight. The effects of kisspeptin on energy balance were also reversed by central administration of p234. In conclusion, kisspeptin antagonist, p234, modulates the effects of kisspeptin on reproductive functions and energy balance, whereas RF9 seems to exert only its effects on reproductive functions by means of GPR54 signaling in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineDepartment of BiophysicsMedical School, Firat University, Elazig 23119, TurkeyDepartment of PhysiologyMedical School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineDepartment of BiophysicsMedical School, Firat University, Elazig 23119, TurkeyDepartment of PhysiologyMedical School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineDepartment of BiophysicsMedical School, Firat University, Elazig 23119, TurkeyDepartment of PhysiologyMedical School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tuba Ozgocer
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineDepartment of BiophysicsMedical School, Firat University, Elazig 23119, TurkeyDepartment of PhysiologyMedical School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineDepartment of BiophysicsMedical School, Firat University, Elazig 23119, TurkeyDepartment of PhysiologyMedical School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Sun Y, Chen X, Chen Z, Ma X, Li D, Shang P, Qian A. Neuropeptide FF attenuates RANKL-induced differentiation of macrophage-like cells into osteoclast-like cells. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:282-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Geraghty AC, Muroy SE, Zhao S, Bentley GE, Kriegsfeld LJ, Kaufer D. Knockdown of hypothalamic RFRP3 prevents chronic stress-induced infertility and embryo resorption. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25581095 PMCID: PMC4289855 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas it is well established that chronic stress induces female reproductive dysfunction, whether stress negatively impacts fertility and fecundity when applied prior to mating and pregnancy has not been explored. In this study, we show that stress that concludes 4 days prior to mating results in persistent and marked reproductive dysfunction, with fewer successful copulation events, fewer pregnancies in those that successfully mated, and increased embryo resorption. Chronic stress exposure led to elevated expression of the hypothalamic inhibitory peptide, RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP3), in regularly cycling females. Remarkably, genetic silencing of RFRP3 during stress using an inducible-targeted shRNA completely alleviates stress-induced infertility in female rats, resulting in mating and pregnancy success rates indistinguishable from non-stress controls. We show that chronic stress has long-term effects on pregnancy success, even post-stressor, that are mediated by RFRP3. This points to RFRP3 as a potential clinically relevant single target for stress-induced infertility. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04316.001 Infertility has become alarmingly common in otherwise healthy women and around 15% of healthy couples younger than 30 years old are unable to conceive within the first year of trying. High-stress levels are known to decrease short-term fertility in humans and other animals, which may serve to prevent pregnancy during times when food or other resources are in short supply. However, it is not clear if exposure to stress has lasting effects on fertility. Previous studies have found that when male rats experience stress, they release a protein called RFRP3. This protein inhibits brain activity, leading to a reduction in the release of reproductive hormones. Geraghty et al. took a closer look at how stress may cause lasting fertility problems in female rats. The researchers exposed female rats to stress by restricting their movements for 3 hr each day over the course of 18 days, which increased the levels of stress hormones in the animals. They allowed the rats to recover for one full reproductive cycle—equivalent to a month in humans—and found that while their stress hormone levels returned to normal, RFRP3 levels in the brain remained high. Even after the recovery period, the females were less likely to mate. Also, the females that did mate were less likely to become pregnant, and the ones that did were more likely to lose some of the embryos. Overall, the level of reproductive success in these rats was only 21%, down from 76% in the control group (who were not exposed to the stress). Next, Geraghty et al. injected a genetically engineered virus into the brain of the stressed rats to switch off the gene that makes RFRP3 during the stress period. This reduced the levels of the RFRP3 protein and restored the mating, pregnancy, and embryo survival rates to the normal levels seen in unstressed rats. These results suggest that increased levels of RFRP3 during stress can have lasting negative effects on fertility. In the future, developing therapies that lower RFRP3 levels may help individuals who experience fertility problems. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04316.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Geraghty
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Sandra E Muroy
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - George E Bentley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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Leon S, Tena-Sempere M. Dissecting the Roles of Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone in Mammals: Studies Using Pharmacological Tools and Genetically Modified Mouse Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:189. [PMID: 26779117 PMCID: PMC4700143 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is essential for perpetuation of the species and, hence, is controlled by a sophisticated network of regulatory factors of central and peripheral origin that integrate at the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Among the central regulators of reproduction, kisspeptins, as major stimulatory drivers of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurosecretion, have drawn considerable interest in the last decade. However, the dynamic, if not cyclic (in the female), nature of reproductive function and the potency of kisspeptins and other stimulatory signals of the HPG axis make tenable the existence of counterbalance inhibitory mechanisms, which may keep stimulation at check and would allow adaptation of reproductive maturation and function to different endogenous and environmental conditions. In this context, discovery of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in birds, and its mammalian homolog, RFRP, opened up the exciting possibility that this inhibitory signal might operate centrally to suppress, directly or indirectly, GnRH/gonadotropin secretion, thus reciprocally cooperating with other stimulatory inputs in the dynamic regulation of the reproductive hypothalamic-pituitary unit. After more than 15 years of active research, the role of GnIH/RFRP in the control of the HPG axis has been documented in different species. Yet, important aspects of the physiology of this system, especially regarding its relative importance and actual roles in the control of key facets of reproductive function, remain controversial. In the present work, we aim to provide a critical review of recent developments in this area, with special attention to studies in rodent models, using pharmacological tools and functional genomics. In doing so, we intend to endow the reader with an updated view of what is known (and what is not known) about the physiological role of GnIH/RFRP signaling in the control of mammalian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Leon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Manuel Tena-Sempere,
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Liu X, Herbison AE. RF9 excitation of GnRH neurons is dependent upon Kiss1r in the adult male and female mouse. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4915-24. [PMID: 25322463 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide FF receptor antagonist 1-adamantanecarbonyl-Arg-Phe-NH2 trifluoroacetate salt (RF9) has been found to be a remarkably potent activator of gonadotropin secretion in mammals. However, the mechanism of RF9 action on the reproductive axis is unknown. Using acute brain slice electrophysiology in genetically modified mouse models, we have investigated the possibility that RF9 may activate GnRH neurons. In transgenic GnRH-GFP male and female mice, RF9 was found to exert potent, dose-dependent, stimulatory effects on the firing rate of approximately 70% of GnRH neurons. These effects occurred directly on GnRH neurons and were independent of fast amino acid transmission. To assess RF9's action as an neuropeptide FF receptor antagonist at the GnRH neuron, its ability to antagonize the inhibitory effects of RFamide-related peptide-3 on GnRH neuron firing was examined. RF9 exhibited variable ability to prevent the inhibitory effects of RFamide-related peptide-3 on GnRH neurons. Whole-cell recordings from GnRH neurons showed that RF9 generated an inward current in GnRH neurons reminiscent of that evoked by kisspeptin. We therefore examined RF9 actions in kisspeptin receptor knockout mice. RF9 was found to have no effects at all on GnRH neurons in GnRH-GFP;Kiss1r-null mice, although these cells exhibited normal intrinsic electrical properties and remained responsive to GABA and glutamate. This study reveals that RF9 directly activates GnRH neurons in the mouse and that this is dependent upon Kiss1r expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuai Liu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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León S, García-Galiano D, Ruiz-Pino F, Barroso A, Manfredi-Lozano M, Romero-Ruiz A, Roa J, Vázquez MJ, Gaytan F, Blomenrohr M, van Duin M, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M. Physiological roles of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone signaling in the control of mammalian reproductive axis: studies in the NPFF1 receptor null mouse. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2953-65. [PMID: 24823392 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of the avian gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH), operates via the NPFF1 receptor (NPFF1R) to repress the reproductive axis, therefore acting as counterpart of the excitatory RF-amide peptide, kisspeptin (ligand of Gpr54). In addition, RFRP-3 modulates feeding and might contribute to the integrative control of energy homeostasis and reproduction. Yet, the experimental evidence supporting these putative functions is mostly indirect, and the physiological roles of RFRP-3 remain debatable and obscured by the lack of proper analytical tools and models. To circumvent these limitations, we characterize herein the first mouse line with constitutive inactivation of NPFF1R. Ablation of NPFF1R did not compromise fertility; rather, litters from NPFF1R null mice were larger than those from wild-type animals. Pubertal timing was not altered in NPFF1R deficient mice; yet, pre-pubertal knockout (KO) males displayed elevated LH levels, which normalized after puberty. Adult NPFF1R null male mice showed increased Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, higher serum FSH levels, and enhanced LH responses to GnRH. However, genetic elimination of NPFF1R was unable to reverse the state of hypogonadism caused by the lack of kisspeptin signaling, as revealed by double NPFF1R/Gpr54 KO mice. NPFF1R null mice displayed altered feedback responses to gonadal hormone withdrawal. In addition, metabolic challenges causing gonadotropin suppression, such as short-term fasting and high-fat diet, were less effective in dampening LH secretion in NPFF1R-deficient male mice, suggesting that absence of this inhibitory pathway partially prevented gonadotropin suppression by metabolic stress. Our data are the first to document the impact of elimination of GnIH signaling on reproductive parameters and their modulation by metabolic challenges. Whereas, in keeping with its inhibitory role, the NPFF1R pathway seems dispensable for preserved puberty and fertility, our results surface different alterations due to the lack of GnIH signaling that prominently include changes in the sensitivity to fasting- and obesity-associated hypogonadotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia León
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Intraamygdaloid microinjection of RFamide-related peptide-3 decreases food intake in rats. Brain Res Bull 2014; 107:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Calisi RM. An integrative overview of the role of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in behavior: applying Tinbergen's four questions. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 203:95-105. [PMID: 24704003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The integration of various fields of investigation is of key importance to fully comprehending endocrine function. Here, I enact the theoretical framework of Nikolaas Tinbergen's four questions for understanding behavior to help bridge the wide gap that exists between our relatively reductionist molecular knowledge of a particular neurohormone, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), and its place in animal behavior. Hypothalamic GnIH, upon its discovery in 2000, was so named because of its inhibitory effect on the release of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), from the pituitary. Because gonadotropins are necessary for reproduction, this finding stimulated questions about the functional significance of GnIH in reproduction and sexual behavior. After over a decade of research, invaluable knowledge has been gained regarding the mechanistic attributes of GnIH (mammalian homolog, RFamide-related peptide (RFRP)) in a variety of vertebrate species. However, many questions remain regarding the effect of the environment on GnIH and the subsequent effects of GnIH on behavior. I review the role of GnIH in shaping behavior using the framework of Tinbergen's four questions of mechanism, ontogeny, function and phylogeny. The studies I review were conducted in various species of mammals, birds, and in one species of fish. Because GnIH can play a role in mediating behaviors such as those important for reproduction, sociality, feeding, and the stress response in a variety of species, an integrative approach to the study of GnIH will help provide a multipronged schema for answering questions of GnIH function. By using the framework highlighted by Tinbergen's four questions, we will deepen and enhance our knowledge of the role of hormones in behavior from the point of view of the mechanisms involved.
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Thorson JF, Prezotto LD, Cardoso RC, Sharpton SM, Edwards JF, Welsh TH, Riggs PK, Caraty A, Amstalden M, Williams GL. Hypothalamic Distribution, Adenohypophyseal Receptor Expression, and Ligand Functionality of RFamide-Related Peptide 3 in the Mare During the Breeding and Nonbreeding Seasons1. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:28. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Karigo T, Oka Y. Neurobiological study of fish brains gives insights into the nature of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1-3 neurons. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:177. [PMID: 24312079 PMCID: PMC3832842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that up to three different molecular species of GnRH peptides encoded by different paralogs of gnrh genes are expressed by anatomically distinct groups of GnRH neurons in the brain of one vertebrate species. They are called gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3. Recent evidence from molecular, anatomical, and physiological experiments strongly suggests that each GnRH system functions differently. Here, we review recent advancement in the functional studies of the three different GnRH neuron systems, mainly focusing on the electrophysiological analysis of the GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic animals. The introduction of GFP-transgenic animals for the electrophysiological analysis of GnRH neurons greatly advanced our knowledge on their anatomy and electrophysiology, especially of gnrh1 neurons, which has long defied detailed electrophysiological analysis of single neurons because of their small size and scattered distribution. Based on the results of recent studies, we propose that different electrophysiological properties, especially the spontaneous patterns of electrical activities and their time-dependent changes, and the axonal projections characterize the different functions of GnRH1-3 neurons; GnRH1 neurons act as hypophysiotropic neuroendocrine regulators, and GnRH2 and GnRH3 neurons act as neuromodulators in wide areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Karigo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshitaka Oka, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan e-mail:
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Ubuka T, Son YL, Bentley GE, Millar RP, Tsutsui K. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), GnIH receptor and cell signaling. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 190:10-7. [PMID: 23499786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is an inhibitor of gonadotropin synthesis and release, which was originally identified in the hypothalamus of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The GnIH precursor polypeptide encodes one GnIH and two GnIH related peptides (GnIH-RP-1 and GnIH-RP-2) in birds that share the same C-terminal LPXRFamide (X=L or Q) motif. The receptor for GnIH is thought to be the G protein-coupled receptor 147 (GPR147) which has been shown to couple predominantly through the Gαi protein to inhibit cAMP production. The crude membrane fraction of COS-7 cells transfected with GPR147 cDNA specifically bound GnIH and GnIH-RPs in a concentration-dependent manner. Scatchard plot analysis of the binding showed that GPR147 possessed a single class of high-affinity binding sites. GnIH neurons project to the median eminence to control anterior pituitary function and GPR147 is expressed in the gonadotropes. GnIH neurons also project to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and GnRH-II neurons, and GnRH-I and GnRH-II neurons express GPR147. Thus, GnIH may inhibit gonadotropin synthesis and release by decreasing the activity of GnRH-I neurons as well as directly inhibiting the effects of GnRH on gonadotropes. GnIH may also partially inhibit reproductive behaviors by inhibiting GnRH-II neurons. GnIH and GPR147 are also expressed in the gonads, possibly acting in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The cell signaling process of GPR147 was extensively studied using LβT2 cells, a mouse gonadotrope cell line. In this cell line, mouse GnIH inhibits GnRH-induced gonadotropin subunit, LHβ, FSHβ, and common α, gene transcriptions by inhibiting adenylate cyclase/cAMP/PKA dependent ERK pathway. This review summarizes the functions of GnIH, GnIH receptor and its cell signaling processes in birds and discusses related findings in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ubuka
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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