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Shah A, Ali B, Wahab F, Ullah I, Amesho KTT, Shafiq M. Entropy-based grid approach for handling outliers: a case study to environmental monitoring data. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:125138-125157. [PMID: 37306879 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grid-based approaches render an efficient framework for data clustering in the presence of incomplete, inexplicit, and uncertain data. This paper proposes an entropy-based grid approach (EGO) for outlier detection in clustered data. The given hard clusters obtained from a hard clustering algorithm, EGO uses entropy on the dataset as a whole or on an individual cluster to detect outliers. EGO works in two steps: explicit outlier detection and implicit outlier detection. Explicit outlier detection is concerned with those data points that are isolated in the grid cells. They are either far from the dense region or maybe a nearby isolated data point and therefore declared as an explicit outlier. Implicit outlier detection is associated with the detection of outliers that are perplexedly deviated from the normal pattern. The determination of such outliers is achieved using entropy change of the dataset or a specific cluster for each deviation. The elbow based on the trade-off between entropy and object geometries optimizes the outlier detection process. Experimental results on CHAMELEON datasets and other similar datasets suggested that the proposed approach(es) detect the outliers more precisely and extend the capability of outliers detection to an additional 4.5% to 8.6%. Moreover, the resultant clusters became more precise and compact when the entropy-based gridding approach is applied on top of hard clustering algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithms is compared with well-known outlier detection algorithms, including DBSCAN, HDBSCAN, RE3WC, LOF, LoOP, ABOD, CBLOF and HBOS. Finally, a case study for detecting outliers in environmental data has been carried out using the proposed approach and results are generated on our synthetically prepared datasets. The performance shows that the proposed approach may be an industrial-oriented solution to outlier detection in environmental monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Shah
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bahar Ali
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Wahab
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Northeastern University Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Inam Ullah
- BK21 Chungbuk Information Technology Education and Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kassian T T Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Tshwane School for Business and Society, Faculty of Management of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre for Environmental Studies, The International University of Management, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia
- Regent Business School, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 7387, Swakopmund, Namibia
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
- Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China.
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Bibi A, Khan H, Hussain S, Arshad M, Wahab F, Usama M, Khan K, Akbal F. Sustainable wastewater purification with crab shell-derived biochar: Advanced machine learning modeling & experimental analysis. Bioresour Technol 2023; 390:129900. [PMID: 37866771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Detoxifying ecologically persistent dyes is vital for environmental and human well-being. Herein, crabshell waste is transformed into porous carbon (CB900) through pyrolysis, achieving a remarkable removal rate of 90.5% (CR-RR) and adsorption capacity (∼256.36 mg g-1, qCR). Employing XGBoost modeling, with a robust R2 ∼0.996, proved its superiority over others in predicting CR adsorption. PSO-XGB optimization led to an optimal configuration: 0.051 g adsorbent, 460.56 mg L-1 CR concentration, pH 3.16, and a 94.01 min contact time, resulting in 68.39% CR-RR and 822.15 mg g-1 qCR, simultaneously; sensitivity analysis unveiled the pivotal role of pH and adsorbent dose. CB900 exhibited physical, spontaneous, endothermic following both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Remarkably, CB900 effectively eliminated various contaminants, including chromium and sulfasalazine antibiotic. Pilot-scale CB900 production cost via pyrolysis was $8.5/kg, a fraction of commercial powdered activated carbon, underscoring its economic viability and potential as a sustainable solution for the elimination of toxic contaminants from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bibi
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Khan
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Khan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Feryal Akbal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, Turkey
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Khan H, Hussain S, Ud Din MA, Arshad M, Wahab F, Hassan U, Khan A. Multiple design and modelling approaches for the optimisation of carbon felt electro-Fenton treatment of dye laden wastewater. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139510. [PMID: 37454991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes artificial intelligence and statistical modelling to optimize the operating parameters of a carbon-based electro-Fenton process for purifying model dye (RB19)-contaminated wastewater. Multilevel experimental Box-Behnken and uniform deisgns (BBD, UD) with four variables were analysed using polynomial regression analysis (PRA) and artificial neural networks (ANN), while the process optimisation was done using desirability function. For the given testing range but different design matrices and runs, both designs predicted a maximum RB19 removal (RB19-RR) of 90 ± 2.1% at lowest energy consumption (EC) of 0.44 ± 2.5 Wh, when voltage, Na2SO4, FeSO4, and time were maintained as follows: 4-5.3 V, 7-11 mM, 0.4-0.6 mM, and 35-40 min, respectively. All the design-model combinations portrayed the similar senitivity analyses, revealing that RB19 degradation and EC are primarily influenced by electrolysis time and voltage. The performance assessment demonstrated that all the design-model combinations also excellently predicted for unseen conditions as the maximum root mean squared error (RMSE) value for RB19-RR was 4.07, while it was 0.072 for EC, however, BBD-ANN performance proved to be slightly better than others. Having ∼57% less experimentation, UD based models managed to accurately predict the results for unseen conditions as the statistical errors were quite insignificant, even in some cases, RMSE found to be less for UD compared to BBD, elucidating the potential of uniform design as an alternative of conventional factorial designs. Nevertheless, the prediction accuracy is also dependent on modelling approach, as in some cases ANN failed to predict the response precisely specially when dealing with small data. Furthermore, techno-economic evaluation results spell out the efficacy of carbon felt based enhanced electro-Fenton process as promising environmental remediation technology and highlight its practical implication from view of operational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Khan
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amad Ud Din
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Hassan
- Integrated Business Planning Department, My Clinic International Medical Company, Prince Sultan Road, PO Box 260, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abad Khan
- EHS Department, Unilever, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Wahab F, Salahuddin AZ, Ibrahim M, Sultana MZ, Sharmin S, Ahmed A, Jabbar N, Keya MT. SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination: A Comparative Profile between Dose 1 and Dose 2. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:96-102. [PMID: 36594308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial shipment of vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 infection, it was a major concern all over the world regarding appropriate gapping between the first and second dose and also the necessity of booster dose after being vaccinated with the second dose. This cross-sectional type of comparative study was conducted at Kuwait Bangladesh Friendship Government Hospital, from the period of March 01 2021 to August 31 2021, on 148 hospitalized patients who were vaccinated with Astra Zeneca. They were divided into two groups on the background of 1st dose and 2nd dose. Collected data were entered into SPSS-26 version and after data cleaning, descriptive analysis was done with frequency distribution. To find out the significant difference between the two groups considering clinico-demographic information, disease severity, and duration of the last dose of vaccine; the Pearson Chi-square test was done with a significance level ≤0.05. The patients from both groups were mostly male and above 60 years. There were no significant age or sex variations between the two groups. SARS-CoV-2 infection was common after 38 days of dose 1 and after 63 days of dose 2. Fever, cough, running nose, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, lower oxygen saturation, radiological involvement were comparatively more in patients who got only a single dose. Mild pneumonia (70.7%) was the commonest presentation in both doses of vaccinated patients and single dose vaccinated patients mostly (45.5%) presented with severe pneumonia. Elderly clinically risks group patients were mostly hospitalized with infection after 1 month of the 1st dose and on the other hand after 2 months of completing the 2nd dose. Symptomatic infection and disease severity were more in 1st dose vaccine recipients in comparison to 2nd dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Dr Farhana Wahab, Junior Consultant (Dermatology), Kuwait Bangladesh Friendship Government Hospital (KBFGH), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Wahab F, Ullah I, Shah A, Khan RA, Choi A, Anwar MS. Design and implementation of real-time object detection system based on single-shoot detector and OpenCV. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1039645. [PMID: 36405169 PMCID: PMC9666404 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1039645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer vision (CV) and human-computer interaction (HCI) are essential in many technological fields. Researchers in CV are particularly interested in real-time object detection techniques, which have a wide range of applications, including inspection systems. In this study, we design and implement real-time object detection and recognition systems using the single-shoot detector (SSD) algorithm and deep learning techniques with pre-trained models. The system can detect static and moving objects in real-time and recognize the object's class. The primary goals of this research were to investigate and develop a real-time object detection system that employs deep learning and neural systems for real-time object detection and recognition. In addition, we evaluated the free available, pre-trained models with the SSD algorithm on various types of datasets to determine which models have high accuracy and speed when detecting an object. Moreover, the system is required to be operational on reasonable equipment. We tried and evaluated several deep learning structures and techniques during the coding procedure and developed and proposed a highly accurate and efficient object detection system. This system utilizes freely available datasets such as MS Common Objects in Context (COCO), PASCAL VOC, and Kitti. We evaluated our system's accuracy using various metrics such as precision and recall. The proposed system achieved a high accuracy of 97% while detecting and recognizing real-time objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Inam Ullah
- BK21 Chungbuk Information Technology Education and Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Anwar Shah
- School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Ali Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Wahab F, Zhao Y, Javeed D, Al-Adhaileh MH, Almaaytah SA, Khan W, Saeed MS, Kumar Shah R. An AI-Driven Hybrid Framework for Intrusion Detection in IoT-Enabled E-Health. Comput Intell Neurosci 2022; 2022:6096289. [PMID: 36045979 PMCID: PMC9420579 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6096289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
E-health has grown into a billion-dollar industry in the last decade. Its device's high throughput makes it an obvious target for cyberattacks, and these environments desperately need protection. In this scientific study, we presented an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven software-defined networking (SDN)-enabled intrusion detection system (IDS) to address increasing cyber threats in the E-health and internet of medical things (IoMT) environments. AI's success in various fields, including big data and intrusion detection systems, has prompted us to develop a flexible and cost-effective approach to protect such critical environments from cyberattacks. We present a hybrid model consisting of long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The proposed model was thoroughly evaluated using the publicly available CICDDoS2019 dataset and conventional evaluation measures. Furthermore, for proper validation, the proposed framework is compared with relevant classifiers, such as cu-GRU+ DNN and cu-BLSTM. We have further compared the proposed model with existing literature to prove its efficacy. Lastly, 10-fold cross-validation is also used to verify that our results are unbiased. The proposed approach has bypassed the current literature with extraordinary performance ramifications such as 99.01% accuracy, 99.04% precision, 98.80 percent recall, and 99.12% F1-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Danish Javeed
- Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Mosleh Hmoud Al-Adhaileh
- Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wasiat Khan
- Department of Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan
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Li L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wahab F, Wang Z. The most active community search in large temporal graphs. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2022.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan H, Wahab F, Hussain S, Khan S, Rashid M. Multi-object optimization of Navy-blue anodic oxidation via response surface models assisted with statistical and machine learning techniques. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132818. [PMID: 34780736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to model, analyze, and compare the electrochemical removal of Navy-blue dye (NB, %) and subsequent energy consumption (EC, Wh) using the integrated response surface modelling and optimization approaches. The Box-Behnken experimental design was exercised using current density, electrolyte concentration, pH and oxidation time as inputs, while NB removal and EC were recorded as responses for the implementation and analysis of multiple linear regression, support vector regression and artificial neural network models. The dual-response optimization using genetic algorithm generated multi-Pareto solutions for maximized NB removal at minimum energy cost, which were further ranked by employing the desirability function approach. The optimal parametric solution having total desirability of 0.804 is found when pH, current density, Na2SO4 concentration and electrolysis time were 6.4, 11.89 mA cm-2, 0.055 M and 21.5 min, respectively. At these conditions, NB degradation and EC were 83.23% and 3.64 Wh, respectively. Sensitivity analyses revealed the influential patterns of variables on simultaneous optimization of NB removal and EC to be current density followed by treatment time and finally supporting electrolyte concentration. Statistical metrics of modeling and validation confirmed the accuracy of artificial neural network model followed by support vector regression and multiple linear regression anlaysis. The results revealed that statistical and computational modeling is an effective approach for the optimization of process variables of an electrochemical degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Khan
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KP, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KP, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Khan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara. 55 Prof. Francisco Degni St, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rauf N, Nawaz A, Ullah H, Ullah R, Nabi G, Ullah A, Wahab F, Jahan S, Fu J. Therapeutic effects of chitosan-embedded vitamin C, E nanoparticles against cisplatin-induced gametogenic and androgenic toxicity in adult male rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:56319-56332. [PMID: 34050519 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, an anticancer drug used in treating various types of cancers, can cause reproductive toxicities during chemotherapy. Keeping this in view, the present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of normal vitamin C and E and vitamin C and E nanoparticles (embedded in chitosan) against cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicities. Vitamins C, E, and their nanoparticles in this regard proved to be an effective therapy. The work aimed to treat cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicities through vitamin C and E and their nanoparticles. Cisplatin exposure caused significant reduction in the weight, testosterone level, and changed lipid profile. Similarly, cisplatin induced significant widespread testicular atrophy and testicular lesions as evidenced by the gaps in the epithelium and loss of differentiating germ cells. Vitamin C and E and their nanoparticles rescued the weight, testosterone level, and testicular disturbances, which is associated with improved histological view of testicular tissues. The current study highlights evidence that designing a medication of vitamin C and E nanoparticles is useful in mitigating cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in cancerous male patients underlying chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Rauf
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Nawaz
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hizb Ullah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Asad Ullah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Cell and Molecular Genetic Lab, University of Science and Technology China, Hefei, China
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Junfen Fu
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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Ullah R, Naz R, Batool A, Wazir M, Rahman TU, Nabi G, Wahab F, Fu J, Shahab M. RF9 Rescues Cortisol-Induced Repression of Testosterone Levels in Adult Male Macaques. Front Physiol 2021; 12:630796. [PMID: 33716777 PMCID: PMC7946976 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.630796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol inhibits hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis whereas RF9, a potent agonist of kisspeptin receptor (GPR54) activates HPG-axis during fasting-induced stress and under normal physiological conditions. However, the effect of RF9 on the cortisol-induced repressed HPG-axis is not studied yet. This study investigated whether exogenous cortisol-induced repression of the HPG-axis can be rescued by RF9. Six intact adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) habituated to chair-restraint were administered hydrocortisone sodium succinate at a rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight (BW) per day for 12 days. Single blood sample was taken by venipuncture from each animal on alternate days for hormones analyses. On experimental day 12, hydrocortisone treated monkeys received a single intravenous bolus of RF9 (n = 3) and vehicle (n = 3). The animals were bled for a period of 4 h at 60 min intervals from an indwelling cannula in the saphenous vein. RF9 was administered intravenously at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW immediately after taking 0 min sample. Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were measured by using specific enzyme immunoassays. Hydrocortisone treatment increased plasma cortisol levels (P ≤ 0.0001) and decreased plasma testosterone (P ≤ 0.0127) levels. Interestingly, compared to vehicle, RF9 treatment significantly increased plasma testosterone levels at 120 min (P ≤ 0.0037), 180 min (P ≤ 0.0016), and 240 min (P ≤ 0.0001) intervals in the hydrocortisone treated monkeys. From these results, we concluded that RF9 administration relieves the suppressed HPG-axis in term of plasma testosterone levels in the cortisol treated monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rabia Naz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aalia Batool
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Wazir
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanzil Ur Rahman
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Drummer C, Mätz-Rensing K, Fuchs E, Behr R. Irisin is expressed by undifferentiated spermatogonia and modulates gene expression in organotypic primate testis cultures. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110670. [PMID: 31801682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating undifferentiated spermatogonial cell proliferation and differentiation are still not fully understood. Irisin is an exercise-induced hormone, which is a cleaved and secreted fragment of the fibronectin type III repeat containing 5 (FNDC5) transmembrane protein. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of irisin in cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues. However, testicular irisin expression and its potential action have not been analyzed. Here, we demonstrate expression of irisin in undifferentiated spermatogonia of primates and in the tree shrew, a bridging species between primates and insectivores. Rhesus monkeys are seasonal breeders with annual phases of high and low testicular activity and germ cell proliferation. Interestingly, expression of both FNDC5 mRNA and irisin is altered between breeding (high spermatogenesis) and nonbreeding seasons (low spermatogenesis). Organotypic testis culture in the presence of irisin increased the expression levels of the Sertoli cell (GDNF) and spermatogonial transcripts Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), Inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4), Cluster of differentiation 117 (cKIT), and SALL4, compared to untreated controls, while irisin suppressed its own FNDC5 mRNA. Our data suggest that irisin is a novel endocrine factor involved in the regulation of spermatogonial activities in the testes of primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center- Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Fuchs
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Ali S, Tahir M, Mehboob N, Wahab F, J. Langford S, Mohd Said S, R. Sarker M, Julai S, Hamid Md Ali S. Amino Anthraquinone: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Application as an Active Material in Environmental Sensors. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13040960. [PMID: 32098037 PMCID: PMC7079597 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports synthesis, thin film characterizations, and study of an organic semiconductor 2-aminoanthraquinone (AAq) for humidity and temperature sensing applications. The morphological and phase studies of AAq thin films are carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. To study the sensing properties of AAq, a surface type Au/AAq/Au sensor is fabricated by thermally depositing a 60 nm layer of AAq at a pressure of ~10−5 mbar on a pre-patterned gold (Au) electrodes with inter-electrode gap of 45 µm. To measure sensing capability of the Au/AAq/Au device, the variations in its capacitance and resistance are studied as a function of humidity and temperature. The Au/AAq/Au device measures and exhibits a linear change in capacitance and resistance when relative humidity (%RH) and temperature are varied. The AAq is a hydrophobic material which makes it one of the best candidates to be used as an active material in humidity sensors; on the other hand, its high melting point (575 K) is another appealing property that enables it for its potential applications in temperature sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ali
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria 3122, Australia;
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical and Numerical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +92-937-843377
| | - Nasir Mehboob
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45210, Pakistan;
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Department of Physics, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan;
| | - Steven J. Langford
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria 3122, Australia;
| | - Suhana Mohd Said
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Mahidur R. Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.R.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Sabariah Julai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.R.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Sawal Hamid Md Ali
- Department of Electric, Electronics and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
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Hussain HMJ, Murtaza G, Jiang X, Khan R, Khan M, Kakakhel MBS, Khan T, Wahab F, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Khan MB, Ahmed P, Ma H, Xu Z. Whole Exome Sequencing Revealed a Novel Nonsense Variant in the GNRHR Gene Causing Normosmic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in a Pakistani Family. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 91:9-16. [PMID: 30947225 DOI: 10.1159/000497114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by delayed or loss of puberty and infertility due to functional deficiency in the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CHH can be classified into 2 subtypes on the basis of olfaction: Kallmann syndrome and normosmic CHH (nCHH). The spectrum of genetic variants causing CHH is continually expanding. Here, we recruited a consanguineous Pakistani family having 2 male and 2 female infertile patients diagnosed with idiopathic nCHH. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic cause of nCHH in the family. METHODS Clinical and physical analyses were performed for the patients. Genetic analysis was carried out using whole exome and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Clinical and physical investigations confirmed low levels of gonadotropins and failure of secondary sexual development in the patients. Genetic analysis identified a novel nonsense mutation (chr4: g.68619942G>A, c.112C>T, p.Arg38*) in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene (GNRHR) recessively co-segregating with nCHH in this family. All the patients are homozygous and their parents are heterozygous carriers, while normal siblings are heterozygous carriers or wild-type for this mutation, indicating that the identified mutation is pathogenic for nCHH in the family. CONCLUSION We report the first homozygous nonsense mutation in the GNRHR gene (chr4: g. 68619942G>A, c.112C>T, p. Arg38*) that is associated with familial nCHH. Hence, our study displayed a good correlation of the genotype and phenotype of nCHH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ranjha Khan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Manan Khan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mian Basit Shah Kakakhel
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Teka Khan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fazal Wahab
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Parvez Ahmed
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hui Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Jafar Hussain HM, Khan R, Li C, Aftab A, Muneer I, Wahab F, Wu L, Jiang X, Xu P. In-silico Analyses of Disease Causing Mutations in SLURP1 Gene. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2019; 49:710-721. [PMID: 31882421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The SLURP1 (secreted LY6/urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor related protein-1) belongs to the gene family of urokinase, a type of plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Mutations in the SLURP1 have been reported to cause serious genetic problems of skin, Mal De Meleda, and malignancies. With the advancement of computational tools, it became possible to predict the potential impact of gene variants on the structure and function of protein. Therefore, in present study, we aimed to perform in-silico analyses of the disease causing SLURP1 mutations using online tools. In-total, 21 variants occurring in coding and non-coding regions of SLURP1 were found from public databases. In curated data, we have found 57.14% (12/21) missense, 23.81% (5/21) splice site, 9.52% (2/21) nonsense, 4.76% (1/21) deletion, and 4.76% (1/21) frameshift mutations. Moreover, heterogeneity in genotypes and phenotypes, along with 7 hotspot points in SLURP1 has been noted. In-silico analyses of the subjected variants have depicted a range of pathogenicity by combinatorial predictions of different tools from being lowly to highly pathogenic. Thus, the present study paves a platform to link computational analyses of mutations for important regulatory genes that can be undertaken for their phenotypes and their correlation with the disease status in case control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ranjha Khan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Shenyang Dongfang Jinghua Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ayesha Aftab
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Muneer
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fazal Wahab
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Limin Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Shenyang Dongfang Jinghua Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shenyang Dongfang Jinghua Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Wahab F, Chand N, Khan RU, Ahmad N, Parvez U, Rehman ZU, Naz S. Dietary Supplementation of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) on the Egg Quality Characteristics of Rhode Island Red Spent Layers. PAK J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.5.1793.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wahab F, Khan IU, Polo IR, Zubair H, Drummer C, Shahab M, Behr R. Irisin in the primate hypothalamus and its effect on GnRH in vitro. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:175-187. [PMID: 30913538 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, encoded by the FNDC5 gene, is a recently discovered endocrine factor mainly secreted as a myokine and adipokine. However, irisin/FNDC5 expression has also been reported in different other organs including components of the reproductive axis. Yet, there is the scarcity of data on FNDC5/irisin expression, regulation and its reproductive effects, particularly in primates. Here, we report the expression of FNDC5/irisin, along with PGC1A (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) and ERRA (estrogen-related receptor alpha), in components of the reproductive axis of marmoset monkeys. Hypothalamic FNDC5 and ERRA transcript levels are developmentally regulated in both male and female. We further uncovered sex-specific differences in FNDC5, ERRA and PGC1A expression in muscle and the reproductive axis. Moreover, irisin and ERRα co-localize in the marmoset hypothalamus. Additionally, in the arcuate nucleus of rhesus monkeys, the number of irisin+ cells was significantly increased in short-term fasted monkeys as compared to ad libitum-fed monkeys. More importantly, we observed putative interaction of irisin-immunoreactive fibers and few GnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rhesus monkeys. Functionally, we noted a stimulatory effect of irisin on GnRH synthesis and release in mouse hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells. In summary, our findings show that FNDC5 and irisin are developmentally, metabolic-status dependently and sex-specifically expressed in the primate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and exert a stimulatory effect on GnRH expression and release in mouse hypothalamic cells. Further studies are required to confirm the reproductive effects of irisin in vivo and to illuminate the mechanisms of its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez Polo
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Wahab F, Atika B, Ullah F, Shahab M, Behr R. Metabolic Impact on the Hypothalamic Kisspeptin-Kiss1r Signaling Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:123. [PMID: 29643834 PMCID: PMC5882778 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of data has established the hypothalamic kisspeptin (KP) and its receptor, KISS1R, as major players in the activation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis at the time of puberty and maintenance of reproductive capacity in the adult. Due to its strategic location, this ligand-receptor pair acts as an integrator of cues from gonadal steroids as well as of circadian and seasonal variation-related information on the reproductive axis. Besides these cues, the activity of the hypothalamic KP signaling is very sensitive to the current metabolic status of the body. In conditions of energy imbalance, either positive or negative, a number of alterations in the hypothalamic KP signaling pathway have been documented in different mammalian models including nonhuman primates and human. Deficiency of metabolic fuels during fasting causes a marked reduction of Kiss1 gene transcript levels in the hypothalamus and, hence, decreases the output of KP-containing neurons. Food intake or exogenous supply of metabolic cues, such as leptin, reverses metabolic insufficiency-related changes in the hypothalamic KP signaling. Likewise, alterations in Kiss1 expression have also been reported in other situations of energy imbalance like diabetes and obesity. Information related to the body's current metabolic status reaches to KP neurons both directly as well as indirectly via a complex network of other neurons. In this review article, we have provided an updated summary of the available literature on the regulation of the hypothalamic KP-Kiss1r signaling by metabolic cues. In particular, the potential mechanisms of metabolic impact on the hypothalamic KP-Kiss1r signaling, in light of available evidence, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fazal Wahab,
| | - Bibi Atika
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farhad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Nabi G, Ullah H, Khan S, Wahab F, Duan P, Ullah R, Yao L, Shahab M. Changes in the Responsiveness of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis to Kisspeptin-10 Administration during Pubertal Transition in Boys. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1475967. [PMID: 30046307 PMCID: PMC6038494 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1475967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In human, no studies are available regarding changes in kisspeptin1 receptor (KISS1R) sensitivity during pubertal transition. In this study, healthy boys were classified into 5 Tanner stages of puberty (n = 5/stage). Human kisspeptin-10 was administered to boys at each Tanner stage and to adult men (n = 5) as an IV bolus for comparison. Serial blood samples were collected for 30 min pre- and 120 min post-kisspeptin injection periods at 30 min interval for measuring plasma LH and testosterone levels. There was insignificant effect of kisspeptin on LH and testosterone levels in boys of Tanner stages I-III. At Tanner stage IV, the effect of kisspeptin on plasma LH was insignificant. However, a paired t-test on a log-transformed data showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean peak post-kisspeptin testosterone level. In Tanner stage V, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in mean post-kisspeptin peak LH level as compared to the mean basal LH value. Post-kisspeptin plasma testosterone levels were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased as compared to the pre-kisspeptin level in Tanner stage V. Our data suggest that sensitivity of KISS1R on GnRH neurons with reference to LH stimulation in boys develops during the later part of puberty reaching to adult level at Tanner stage V. This trial is registered with WHO International Clinical Trial Registration ID NCT03286517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hamid Ullah
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Suliman Khan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | - Pengfei Duan
- China-UK-NYNU-Research Joint Laboratory of Insects Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- China-UK-NYNU-Research Joint Laboratory of Insects Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Ullah R, Batool A, Wazir M, Naz R, Rahman TU, Wahab F, Shahab M, Fu J. Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and RF9 stimulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in adult male rhesus monkeys. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:1-7. [PMID: 28757099 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress activates gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and represses hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG-axis) but RF9 administration relieves stress-induced repression of the HPG-axis. Importantly, it was not known whether GnIH signaling and RF9 synthetic peptide modulate the HPA axis. To assess this, mammalian orthologs of GnIH (RFRP-1 and RFRP-3) and RF9 were administered to intact adult male rhesus monkeys. RFRP-1 (125μg/animal), RFRP-3 (250μg/animal) and RF9 (0.1mg/kg BW) were intravenously (iv) injected into normal fed (n=4) monkeys. Additionally, a single bolus iv injection of RF9 (0.1mg/kg BW) was also administered to 48h fasted monkeys (n=4) to check the effects of RF9 signaling on an activated HPA-axis. Serial blood samples were collected, centrifuged and the obtained plasma was used for the analysis of cortisol by specific enzyme immunoassay. RFRP-1 treatment significantly increased cortisol levels while RFRP-3 increased the plasma cortisol, but the effect was non-significant. RF9 treatment significantly increased cortisol levels in normal fed animals. In contrast, RF9 injection did not significantly alter circulating cortisol in fasted monkeys. In conclusion, our results suggest stimulatory action of RFRPs and RF9 on the HPA axis in the adult male monkeys. However, the mechanism and site of action of RFRP-1 and RF9 along the HPA-axis is still unknown. Therefore, further studies are needed to decipher the mechanism and site of action of RFRPs and RF9 on the HPA axis in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China; Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aalia Batool
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Madiha Wazir
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Naz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanzil Ur Rahman
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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Shah M, Wahab F, Ullah F, Gul U, Aziz A, Ullah Z. Infection Control in the Use of Urethral Catheter: Knowledge and Practises of Nurses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.21767/2321-547x.1000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wahab F, Drummer C, Schlatt S, Behr R. Dynamic Regulation of Hypothalamic DMXL2, KISS1, and RFRP Expression During Postnatal Development in Non-Human Primates. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8447-8457. [PMID: 27957681 PMCID: PMC5684250 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanism of puberty onset in primates is currently only partly understood. A recent study reported an important role of Dmx-like 2 (DMXL2), a gene encoding rabconnectin-3α vesicular protein, in human subjects with mental retardation and neuroendocrine impairment of reproduction. To further characterize the potential role of DMXL2 in the regulation of reproduction, we analyzed the expression of DMXL2 in hypothalami of newborn, infantile, juvenile, pubertal, and postpubertal female and male common marmoset monkeys. Additionally, as the relative hypothalamic levels of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) transcript during postnatal development are unknown in primates, we also quantified messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of RFRP, a gene encoding GnIH. Moreover, the transcript levels of kisspeptin, a well-known regulator of the hypothalamic neurohormonal axis controlling reproduction, were also checked. Transcript and protein levels of DMXL2 and Kiss1 transcript levels increase from the newborn to the infantile and from the juvenile (prepubertal) to the pubertal and the postpubertal period. We also noted a clear upsurge in RFRP transcript levels in the prepubertal period. In conclusion, the hypothalamic expressions of Kiss1 and DMXL2 mRNA increase during infantile, pubertal, and adult stages compared to newborn and juvenile stages in common marmoset monkeys. In contrast, the expression of RFRP mRNA upsurges in juvenile monkeys. Further mechanistic studies are needed to characterize the potential inhibitory role of the GnIH-GPR147 signaling in the prepubertal period and the role of DMXL2 in the molecular cascade regulating the neuroendocrine reproductive axis in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Institute of Reproduction and Regenerative Biology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Ullah R, Shen Y, Zhou YD, Huang K, Fu JF, Wahab F, Shahab M. Expression and actions of GnIH and its orthologs in vertebrates: Current status and advanced knowledge. Neuropeptides 2016; 59:9-20. [PMID: 27255391 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of reproduction is very complex and is regulated by multiple factors, including a number of hypothalamic neuropeptides. In last few decades, various neuropeptides have been discovered to be involved in stimulation or inhibition of reproduction. In 2000, Tsutsui and colleagues uncovered gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), a neuropeptide generating inhibitory drive to the reproductive axis, in the brain of Coturnix quail. Afterward, GnIH orthologs were discovered in other vertebrates from fish to mammals including human. In these vertebrates, all the discovered GnIH and its ortholgs have LPXRFamide (X=L or Q) sequence at C-terminus. GnIH orthologs of mammals and primates are also termed as RFamide-related peptide (RFRP)-1 and -3 that too have an LPXRFamide (X=L or Q) motif at their C-terminus. GnIH and its orthologs form a member of the RFamide peptide family. GnIH signals via its canonical G protein coupled receptor 147 (GPR147). Both GnIH and GPR147 are expressed in hypothalamus and other brain regions. Besides actions through the hypothalamic GnRH and kisspeptinergic neurons, GnIH-GPR147 signaling exerts inhibitory effect on the reproductive axis via pituitary gonadotropes and directly at gonadal level. Various factors including availability and quality of food, photoperiod, temperature, social interaction, various stresses and some diseases modulate GnIH-GPR147 signaling. In this review, we have discussed expression and actions of GnIH and its orthologs in vertebrates. Special emphasis is given on the role of GnIH-GPR147 signaling pathway in the regulation of reproduction. We have also reviewed and discussed currently available literature on the participation of GnIH-GPR147 signaling pathway in the stress modulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Fen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Wahab et al. introduce the marmosets, a group of peculiar New World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Charis Drummer
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Stem Cell Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Wahab F, Nasir A, Manan F. Outcome of VVF repair without omental interposition. J PAK MED ASSOC 2016; 66:590-592. [PMID: 27183942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the outcome in cases of vesicovaginal fistula repair. METHODS The descriptive study was conducted at the District Headquarter Hospital, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan, from November 1, 2011 to November 2013, and comprised all patients admitted in Urology unit with vesicovaginal fistula. Repair was done with either transabdominal or transvaginal approach. Repair technique involved good tissue separation, interrupted sutures, and no omental interposition. Follow-up was of three months. RESULTS There were 30 patients available, but 2(6.6%) were excluded. Among the remaining 28(93.3%) patients dehiscence was not noted in any patient, while only 4(14.3%) patients developed mild urinary tract infection. There were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS Transvaginal or Transabdominal repair of vesicovaginal fistula is successful treatment modality if good dissection and tissue separation is applied with interrupted suturing. Omental interposition is not essential for good healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- DHQ Hospital Timergara, Distt Lower Dir, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Amir Nasir
- DHQ Hospital Timergara, Distt Lower Dir, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Manan
- Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Atika B, Shahab M, Behr R. Kisspeptin signalling in the physiology and pathophysiology of the urogenital system. Nat Rev Urol 2015; 13:21-32. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ramzan MH, Ramzan M, Ramzan F, Wahab F, Jelani M, Khan MA, Shah M. Insight into the serum kisspeptin levels in infertile males. Arch Iran Med 2015; 18:12-7. [PMID: 25556380 DOI: 0151801/aim.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of reproduction is now considered to be carried out by the kisspeptin and its receptor, GPR54 or Kiss1r. Mutations of either Kiss1 or Kiss1r in humans and mice result in profound hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The present study was aimed to determine whether the levels of kisspeptin are associated with male infertility. METHODOLOGY The study involved 176 male subjects aged 18 - 50 years including 26 fertile and 150 infertile. Infertile subjects were further subdivided according to WHO guidelines of semen analysis into 22 asthenozoospermia, 08 asthenoteratozoospermia, 18 azoospermia, 58 normozoospermia, 06 oligozoospermia, 12 oligoasthenozoospermia and 26 oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Thorough clinical examinations excluded those suffering from chronic health problems. Serum kisspeptin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were estimated by chemiluminescence assay (CLIA). RESULTS The results of the present study have revealed that kisspeptin levels were significantly lower in all infertile males as compared to the fertile males. Significantly low LH and testosterone levels were observed in all infertile groups as compared to fertile group. FSH levels were significantly lower in normozoospermic and azoospermic as compared to fertile males, while no significant difference was observed between the other infertile and fertile group. CONCLUSION The study revealed that serum kisspeptin levels were observed significantly lower in the infertile as compared to fertile males, indicating that the kisspeptin might be associated with the fertility problems in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haris Ramzan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. ;
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- Department of Biochemistry, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Faiqah Ramzan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, District Headquarter Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Shamas S, Khan SUH, Khan MY, Shabbir N, Zubair H, Shafqat S, Wahab F, Shahab M. Fasting induced kisspeptin signaling suppression is regulated by glutamate mediated cues in adult male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Neuropeptides 2015; 52:39-45. [PMID: 26138506 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin signaling is suppressed by short term fasting. It has been reported that hypothalamic Kiss1 and Kiss1r mRNA expression decreased after 48h of fasting in male rhesus monkey. But the mechanism involved in the reduction of kisspeptin signaling after 48h of fasting is unknown. Recent studies have suggested the role of afferent excitatory and inhibitory pathways in the regulation of kisspeptin neurons. Therefore, this study was designed to observe the changes in the glutamate and GABA signaling during fed and 48h fasting states by performing immunofluorescence to examine the interaction of kisspeptin neurons with NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors and by performing SYBR green qRT-PCR to measure and quantify the levels of Kiss1, Kiss1r, NR1 and GAD67 mRNA in the POA and MBH of adult male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) during 48h of fasting (n=2) and fed ad libitum (n=2). Plasma testosterone (p<0.05) and blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.001) decreased after short term fasting. Our results clearly showed that expression of hypothalamic Kiss1, Kiss1r and NR1 mRNA was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in adult male rhesus monkeys which were fasted for 48h as compared to those which were fed ad libitum. There was no clear difference in the GAD67 mRNA contents between the two groups. Number of kisspeptin neurons and the interactions of kisspeptin neurons with NR1 were significantly (p<0.05) reduced after 48h fasting. These observations suggest that decreased kisspeptin signaling during fasting may occur due to reduction in glutamatergic inputs to kisspeptin neurons. Our results also suggest that fasting induced suppression of kisspeptin signaling is not mediated through GABAergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Shamas
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed-Ul-Hassan Khan
- Department of Pathology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf Khan
- Department of Pathology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Shabbir
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hira Zubair
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Shafqat
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Wahab F, Santos-Junior NN, de Almeida Rodrigues RP, Costa LHA, Catalão CHR, Rocha MJA. Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Decreases Hypothalamic Oxidative Stress During Experimental Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3992-3998. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Recently, kisspeptin (KP) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), two counteracting neuropeptides, have been acknowledged as significant regulators of reproductive function. KP stimulates reproduction while GnIH inhibits it. These two neuropeptides seem to be pivotal for the modulation of reproductive activity in response to internal and external cues. It is well-documented that the current metabolic status of the body is closely linked to its reproductive output. However, how reproductive function is regulated by the body's energy status is less clear. Recent studies have suggested an active participation of hypothalamic KP and GnIH in the modulation of reproductive function according to available metabolic cues. Expression of KISS1, the KP encoding gene, is decreased while expression of RFRP (NPVF), the gene encoding GnIH, is increased in metabolic deficiency conditions. The lower levels of KP, as suggested by a decrease in KISS1 gene mRNA expression, during metabolic deficiency can be corrected by administration of exogenous KP, which leads to an increase in reproductive hormone levels. Likewise, administration of RF9, a GnIH receptor antagonist, can reverse the inhibitory effect of fasting on testosterone in monkeys. Together, it is likely that the integrated function of both these hypothalamic neuropeptides works as a reproductive output regulator in response to a change in metabolic status. In this review, we have summarized literature from nonprimate and primate studies that demonstrate the involvement of KP and GnIH in the metabolic regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Behr
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Tazinafo LF, Cárnio EC, Aguila FA, Batalhão ME, Rocha MJA. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide levels and increases vasopressin secretion in the late phase of sepsis in rats. Endocrine 2015; 49:215-21. [PMID: 25338201 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of IL-1ra (an Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) on sepsis-induced alterations in vasopressin (AVP) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. In addition, IL-1ra effect on the hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities and survival rate was also analyzed. After Wistar rats were intracerebroventricular injected with IL-1ra (9 pmol) or vehicle (PBS 0.01 M), sepsis was induced by cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP). Blood, CSF, and hypothalamic samples were collected from different groups of rats (n = 8/group) after 4, 6, and 24 h. AVP and NO levels were greatly increased in CLP. Both total NOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) activities were also greatly increased in CLP rats. These changes in AVP, NO, and NOS were not observed in sham-operated control rats. IL-1ra administration did not alter plasma AVP levels after 4 and 6 h as compared to vehicle in CLP animals but after 24 h were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in IL-1ra-treated animals. IL-1ra administration significantly (P < 0.01) decreased NO concentration in CSF but not in plasma. Both total NOS and iNOS activities were also significantly decreased by IL-1ra at 24 h in CLP animals. Moreover, the 24 h survival rate of IL-1ra-treated rats increased by 38 % in comparison to vehicle administered animals. The central administration of IL-1ra increased AVP secretion in the late phase of sepsis which was beneficial for survival. We believe that one of the mechanisms for this effect of IL-1ra is through reduction of NO concentration in CSF and hence lower hypothalamic iNOS activities in the septic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida do Café s/n CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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Batool A, Naz R, Wazir M, Azam A, Ullah R, Wahab F, Shahab M. Acute fasting-induced repression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is reversed by RF-9 administration in the adult male macaque. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:927-832. [PMID: 25181419 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, hypothalamic RFRP-3 (a mammalian ortholog of avian GnIH) signaling has been proposed as an important negative modulator of the reproductive axis. The current study examined whether repression of reproductive hormonal expression during short-term fasting conditions in higher-order primate is influenced by altered RFRP-3 signaling. Eight intact postpubertal male macaques (Macaca mulatta) were administered a single intravenous bolus of RF-9 (n = 4), a potent and putative RFRP-3 receptor antagonist, or vehicle (n = 4) following a 48-h fasting condition. Intermittent blood samples were collected every 30 min during the 4-h post-bolus period, and blood glucose, plasma cortisol, and testosterone concentrations were measured. Relative to fed conditions, fasting reduced glucose and testosterone levels (p < 0.005) and increased cortisol levels (p < 0.05). Relative to baseline, mean testosterone levels were elevated 150 min after RF-9 (p < 0.05) but not vehicle administration. In addition, elevated mean plasma testosterone levels following RF-9 administration were equivalent to levels observed in normal fed monkeys. These results suggest an important role for RFRP-3 signaling in conveying metabolic state information to the reproductive axis in higher primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Batool
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Naz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Wazir
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Azam
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Ullah
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Tazinafo L, Batalhão M, Carnio E, Rocha M. Central administration of IL‐1 receptor antagonist increases vasopressin secretion in late phase of sepsis in rats (876.7). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.876.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Department of MorphologyPhysiology and Basic PathologyFORP University of Sao Paulo RIBEIRAO PRETOBrazil
| | - Lucas Tazinafo
- Department of MorphologyPhysiology and Basic PathologyFORP University of Sao Paulo RIBEIRAO PRETOBrazil
| | - Marcelo Batalhão
- Department of General and Specialized NursingEERP University of Sao Paulo RIBEIRAO PRETOBrazil
| | - Evelin Carnio
- Department of General and Specialized NursingEERP University of Sao Paulo RIBEIRAO PRETOBrazil
| | - Maria Rocha
- Department of MorphologyPhysiology and Basic PathologyFORP University of Sao Paulo RIBEIRAO PRETOBrazil
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Wahab F, Atika B, Huma T, Shahab M. Primate HPT axis response to the peripheral kisspeptin challenge under different time periods of food restriction in monkeys. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:187-92. [PMID: 24500987 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and reproduction are closely linked. Both long- and short-term fasting-induced metabolic deficiency suppresses reproductive function in mammals. Recently, we have shown that 48-h fasting-induced metabolic deficiency attenuates the reproductive axis responsiveness to peripheral kisspeptin injection in the sexually mature monkeys. But currently there is no data to show whether shorter time periods of fasting also alter the reproductive axis responsiveness to kisspeptin. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the reproductive axis responsiveness to kisspeptin administration in the adult male rhesus monkey fasted for 12-, 18-, and 24h. Intravenous boli of vehicle (1 ml) and human kisspeptin-10 (KP10; 50 μg) were given to 5 intact sexually mature male rhesus monkeys in both fasting (12-, 18-, 24-h) and ad libitum feeding conditions. Specific immunoassays were used to determine plasma hormones concentrations. KP10 injection highly stimulated testosterone secretion in all conditions. However, mean testosterone concentrations in 3-h post-KP10 injection period were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in 18- and 24-h fasted monkeys when compared to 12-h fasted and fed monkeys. Moreover, 18- and 24-h fasting conditions also significantly (p<0.05) delayed the duration to the first significant increase in T levels after KP10 injection. Vehicle injection did not alter these parameters in any conditions. Present results indicate that 18- and 24-h fasting conditions suppressed the testosterone response to KP10 administration both in initiation and quantity. These results suggest that 18- and 24-h fasting-induced inhibition of the reproductive functions in the mature male macaque may partly involve attenuation in the reproductive axis responsiveness to endogenous kisspeptin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - B Atika
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - T Huma
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Atika B, Oliveira-Pelegrin G, Alves Rocha M. Recent Advances in the Understanding of Sepsis-Induced Alterations in the Neuroendocrine System. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2014; 13:335-47. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530313666131211120723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wahab F, Atika B, Shahab M. Kisspeptin as a link between metabolism and reproduction: evidences from rodent and primate studies. Metabolism 2013; 62:898-910. [PMID: 23414722 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in metabolic status gate reproductive activity by still incompletely deciphered mechanisms. Many neuropeptides have been shown to be involved in restraining hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release under conditions of negative energy balance. Broadly, on the basis of their effect on feeding, these can be grouped as orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Reciprocally correlated, in response to changes in systemic concentrations of metabolic hormones, the secretion of orexigenic neuropeptides increases while that of anorexigenic neuropeptides decreases during conditions of food restriction. Recently, kisspeptin signaling in hypothalamus has appeared as a pivotal regulator of the GnRH pulse generator. Kisspeptin apparently does not affect feeding, but in light of accumulating data, it has emerged as one of the major conduits in relaying body metabolic status information to GnRH neurons. The present review examines such data obtained from rodent and primate models, which suggest kisspeptin-Kiss1r signaling as a possible pathway providing a link between metabolism and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Irfan S, Ehmcke J, Wahab F, Shahab M, Schlatt S. Intratesticular action of kisspeptin in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Andrologia 2013; 46:610-7. [PMID: 23758287 DOI: 10.1111/and.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin-Kiss1R signalling in mammals has been implicated as an integral part of the reproductive cascade. Kisspeptinergic neurons upstream of GnRH neurons are involved in the activation of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator during pubertal onset. Thus, the major research focus has been on the central effects of kisspeptin. The demonstration of the presence of KissR expression in human testes suggests additional unknown actions of kisspeptin-KISS1R signalling at the distal component of the male reproductive axis. Here we explored the impact of kisspeptin at the testis in the adult male rhesus monkey. We employed the clamped monkey model to assess the intratesticular actions of kisspeptin. Plasma testosterone and LH levels were monitored in four adult male monkeys. The peripheral administration of human kisspeptin-10 (50 μg, iv bolus) caused a single LH pulse, which was followed by a robust increase in plasma testosterone levels sustained for at least 180 min. This response was abolished when kisspeptin was administered to GnRH receptor antagonist (acyline) pre-treated animals. However, kisspeptin administration significantly (P < 0.005) elevated hCG-stimulated testosterone levels in acyline pre-treated monkeys when compared with saline+ hCG treatment. These results revealed a novel peripheral facet of kisspeptin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Irfan
- Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinics, Münster, Germany
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Wahab F, Tazinafo LF, Batalhão M, Carnio E, da Rocha M. Effect of IL-1 receptor antagonist on the cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide concentrations during experimental polymicrobial sepsis in rats. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952517 DOI: 10.1186/cc12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Qaiser F, Wahab F, Wiqar MA, Hashim R, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Tena-Sempere M, Shahab M. Study of the role of novel RF-amide neuropeptides in affecting growth hormone secretion in a representative non-human primate (Macaca mulatta). Endocrine 2012; 42:658-63. [PMID: 22527890 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RF amide peptide family with distinctive terminal -Arg-Phe-NH(2) signature is evolutionarily conserved from invertebrates to mammals. These neuropeptides have been shown to affect diverse functions in invertebrates and vertebrates including influencing pituitary hormone secretion. More recently, two members of this family 26-amino acid and 43-amino acid RF amide peptide (26RFa and 43RFa, respectively) originally isolated from frog have been cloned in rats and humans. Actions of these peptides on hormone secretion have not been studied in primates. In the present study, effect of iv administration of three different doses of human 26RFa and 43RFa on GH secretion was studied in a representative higher primate, the rhesus monkey. As control against these two peptides, normal saline and a scrambled sequence of 26RFa was administered. A set of four intact adult male monkeys received the administration in a random order. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the chairrestrained but fully conscious animals for a period of 30 min before and 240 min after the administration at 15-min intervals. For quantitative measurement of GH concentration, a human GH chemiluminescent immunometric assay was used. Peripheral administration of 38 and 76 nmol doses of 26RFa significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated GH AUC during a 0-120 min period after injection of 26RFa. In contrast to 26RFa, administration of 43RFa appeared to suppress GH levels during the later stages of the sampling i.e. from 120 to 240 min period. Mean AUC during the period was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 76 nmol dose of 43RFa, while 38 nmol dose of 43RFa also had similar effect but lacked full statistical significance (P = 0.058). To our knowledge present study reports for the first time-specific stimulatory effect of 26RFa on the GH secretion and a novel inhibitory and delayed effect of 43RFa on the GH secretion in higher primates. In conclusion, present findings extend evidence for endocrine actions of RF amides in primates and suggest differential effect of these peptides on GH secretion in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Qaiser
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Chan YM, Broder-Fingert S, Parachos S, Lapatto R, Au M, Hughes V, Bianco SD, Min L, Plummer L, Cerrato F, De Guillebon A, Wu IH, Wahab F, Dwyer A, Kirsch S, Quinton R, Cheetham T, Ozata M, Ten S, Chanoine JP, Pitteloud N, Martin KA, Schiffmann R, Van der Kamp HJ, Nader S, Hall JE, Kaiser UB, Seminara SB. GnRH-Deficient Phenotypes in Humans and Mice With Heterozygous Variants in KISS1/Kiss1. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/ogx.0b013e318268d4cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wahab F, Salahuddin H, Anees M, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Tena-Sempere M, Shahab M. Study of the effect of 26RF- and 43RF-amides on testosterone and prolactin secretion in the adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Peptides 2012; 36:23-8. [PMID: 22531487 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RF-amides (RFa), a superfamily of evolutionary-conserved neuropeptides, are expressed in both invertebrates and vertebrates. While some endocrine functions have been attributed to these peptides in lower vertebrates and few mammalian models, not much is known about their actions in primates. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the effects of peripheral administration of two recently cloned human RFa peptides, 26RFa and 43RFa, on testosterone and prolactin secretion in the adult male adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). For control purposes, a scrambled sequence of 26RFa (Sc-26RFa) and normal saline (1ml) were injected. Three different doses of 26RFa and 43RFa (19-nmol, 38-nmol and 76-nmol) and a single dose (38-nmol) of Sc-26RFa were tested. A set of four chair-restraint habituated monkeys was used. Comparison of post-treatment T levels with respective pre levels showed that none of the doses of both 26RFa and 43RFa changed T release. Similarly, Sc-26RFa and saline administration also did not affect T levels. In contrast, all doses of 26RFa and 43RFa significantly (P<0.05) stimulated prolactin secretion. 43RFa dose dependently increased prolactin secretion while dose dependency was not observed for 26RFa. Saline and Sc-26RFa injection had no effect on prolactin concentrations. Thus, present study demonstrated that peripheral administration of 26RFa and 43RFa, in the doses tested, have no effect on T secretion, suggesting possible selective lack of their neuroendocrine role in controlling hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the adult male primates. The prominent stimulation of prolactin suggests a neuroendocrine role of RFa peptides in regulation of prolactin release in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Zaman WU, Shahab M. Differential response of the primate HPG axis to N-methyl-D, L-aspartate, but not to Kisspeptin challenge under euglycemic and hypoglycemic conditions. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:451-7. [PMID: 22473757 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by still incompletely deciphered mechanisms. Many evidences suggest that the hypoglycemia-induced inhibition of the HPG axis involves alteration of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, but neuroendocrine factors responsible for this alteration are yet to be completely elucidated. The current study was carried out to ascertain whether insulin-induced hypoglycemic suppression of the HPG axis involves modulation of responsiveness of the GnRH neuron to kisspeptin and excitatory amino acids (EAA) drives. Five intact chair-restraint habituated adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were given intravenous boli of GnRH, hCG, human kisspeptin-10 (KP10), NMDA (N-methyl-D, L-aspartate, an EAA analogue), and vehicle in both insulin (1 IU/kg)-induced hypoglycemic (IIH) and normal euglycemic conditions. Specific RIAs were used for measuring plasma cortisol and T concentrations. KP10 and NMDA administration stimulated significantly (p<0.005) T secretion in both euglycemic and hypoglycemic monkeys. Mean post-KP10 T concentrations and AUC were comparable between euglycemic and hypoglycemic monkeys. However, mean post-NMDA T levels and AUC in hypoglycemic animals were significantly lower (p<0.01-0.005) as compared to the corresponding values in euglycemic animals. T response to GnRH and hCG was similar between hypoglycemic and euglycemic monkeys. Vehicle did not affect plasma T concentrations in all conditions. Our results demonstrate that while the primate HPG axis response to kisspeptin stimulation remains intact that to EAA excitation is attenuated in hypoglycemic conditions, suggesting that hypogonadism in IIH is contributed, in part, by reduced sensitivity of the GnRH neurons to EAA signaling in the primate hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Jung S, Kim KB, Fernandes G, Kim JH, Wahab F, Xu J. Enhanced thermoelectric power in nanopatterned carbon nanotube film. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:135704. [PMID: 22418392 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/13/135704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the small or near-zero Seebeck coefficient of metallic nanotubes, a nanotube film can be readily scaled up in length. Thus so can its thermoelectric power. In this work, we inserted a nanomesh pattern into a carbon nanotube film by using an anodized aluminum oxide membrane as an etching mask. We found that by patterning densely packed nanoscale holes into the nanotube film, its total thermoelectric power can be further increased, by as much as 30% (from 29 to 39 μV K(-1)). We present this finding, attributed to electron localization due to nanopatterning, as indicative of the potential of a new degree of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Jung
- WCU Hybrid materials program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Chan YM, Broder-Fingert S, Paraschos S, Lapatto R, Au M, Hughes V, Bianco SDC, Min L, Plummer L, Cerrato F, De Guillebon A, Wu IH, Wahab F, Dwyer A, Kirsch S, Quinton R, Cheetham T, Ozata M, Ten S, Chanoine JP, Pitteloud N, Martin KA, Schiffmann R, Van der Kamp HJ, Nader S, Hall JE, Kaiser UB, Seminara SB. GnRH-deficient phenotypes in humans and mice with heterozygous variants in KISS1/Kiss1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1771-81. [PMID: 21880801 PMCID: PMC3205899 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT KISS1 is a candidate gene for GnRH deficiency. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify deleterious mutations in KISS1. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA sequencing and assessment of the effects of rare sequence variants (RSV) were conducted in 1025 probands with GnRH-deficient conditions. RESULTS Fifteen probands harbored 10 heterozygous RSV in KISS1 seen in less than 1% of control subjects. Of the variants that reside within the mature kisspeptin peptide, p.F117L (but not p.S77I, p.Q82K, p.H90D, or p.P110T) reduces inositol phosphate generation. Of the variants that lie within the coding region but outside the mature peptide, p.G35S and p.C53R (but not p.A129V) are predicted in silico to be deleterious. Of the variants that lie outside the coding region, one (g.1-3659C→T) impairs transcription in vitro, and another (c.1-7C→T) lies within the consensus Kozak sequence. Of five probands tested, four had abnormal baseline LH pulse patterns. In mice, testosterone decreases with heterozygous loss of Kiss1 and Kiss1r alleles (wild-type, 274 ± 99, to double heterozygotes, 69 ± 16 ng/dl; r(2) = 0.13; P = 0.03). Kiss1/Kiss1r double-heterozygote males have shorter anogenital distances (13.0 ± 0.2 vs. 15.6 ± 0.2 mm at P34, P < 0.001), females have longer estrous cycles (7.4 ± 0.2 vs. 5.6 ± 0.2 d, P < 0.01), and mating pairs have decreased litter frequency (0.59 ± 0.09 vs. 0.71 ± 0.06 litters/month, P < 0.04) and size (3.5 ± 0.2 vs. 5.4 ± 0.3 pups/litter, P < 0.001) compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Deleterious, heterozygous RSV in KISS1 exist at a low frequency in GnRH-deficient patients as well as in the general population in presumably normal individuals. As in Kiss1(+/-)/Kiss1r(+/-) mice, heterozygous KISS1 variants in humans may work with other genetic and/or environmental factors to cause abnormal reproductive function.
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Abstract
Amplification of the neurosecretory activity of the GnRH system is the defining neuroendocrine event for sexual maturation. The physiological mechanisms that drive GnRH secretion at puberty have been difficult to identify but the discovery in 2003 that the G protein coupled receptor KISS1R is a key regulator of pubertal development in mice and men has ushered in a new chapter in reproductive neuroendocrinology. KISS1R is activated by endogenous peptides derived from a precursor protein, kisspeptin. Despite kisspeptin's importance in driving the reproductive cascade, relatively few patients with GnRH deficient states and mutations in the kisspeptin pathway have been described. Yet, these cases, coupled with loss-of-function mouse models, provide unique and complementary information into the biological role of this signaling system in the control of GnRH secretion. This article will examine some of the subtleties in genotype-phenotype correlations in both mice and men carrying disabling mutations in the kisspeptin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Richard Quinton
- Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie B. Seminara
- Harvard Center for Reproductive Sciences and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Wahab F, Ullah F, Chan YM, Seminara SB, Shahab M. Decrease in hypothalamic Kiss1 and Kiss1r expression: a potential mechanism for fasting-induced suppression of the HPG axis in the adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:81-5. [PMID: 21154197 PMCID: PMC4119764 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fasting suppresses functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. In 2003, hypothalamic kisspeptin-Kiss1r signaling was discovered to play a significant role in regulating the HPG axis. We have recently shown that in adult male macaques, short-term fasting attenuates the response of the HPG axis to an exogenous kisspeptin challenge. In the present study, we explored the mechanism underlying this attenuated response by examining the modulation of the hypothalamic expression of KISS1 and KISS1R under short-term fasting and normal feeding conditions in the adult male macaques. Hypothalamic mRNA was extracted from normal fed (n=3) and 48-h fasted (n=3) monkeys. KISS1, KISS1R, and GNRH1 mRNA were quantified by reverse transcription followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol, leptin, and testosterone. In contrast to fed animals, plasma glucose, leptin, and testosterone levels decreased and cortisol levels increased in fasted animals. The hypothalamic expression of KISS1 and KISS1R mRNA was significantly lower (p<0.05) in fasted monkeys compared to fed monkeys while hypothalamic GNRH1 mRNA expression was comparable between the 2 groups. Thus, our results demonstrate that expression of hypothalamic KISS1 and KISS1R decrease after a short-term fasting in monkeys. This decrease may contribute to the suppression of the HPG axis during fasting conditions in primates. In addition, our finding of lower expression of KISS1R in fasted monkeys provides an explanation for the attenuation in the HPG axis response to peripheral kisspeptin challenge during short-term fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Farhad Ullah
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie B. Seminara
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Riaz T, Shahab M. Study on the effect of peripheral kisspeptin administration on basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion under fed and fasting conditions in the adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:37-42. [PMID: 21136344 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP)-Kiss1r, a ligand-receptor pair, has recently been implicated as a pivotal regulator of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis. KISS1 (encoding KP) as well as KISS1R (encoding receptor for KP) are expressed in several peripheral tissues including the pancreas. But the specific role of KP in the physiology of pancreas is still incompletely deciphered. This study was designed to examine the effect of peripheral KP administration on basal and glucose-induced plasma insulin (an important pancreatic hormone) secretion under fed and fasting conditions in the adult male rhesus monkey. A set of 4 chair-restraint habituated intact adult male rhesus monkeys were assigned to receive intravenous bolus administration of human kisspeptin-10 (KP10, 50 μg), and vehicle (1 ml) in normal fed and fasting conditions without or with glucose infusions. Plasma concentrations of insulin were measured by using a specific IRMA. Glucose infusion significantly stimulated plasma insulin levels (p<0.005). Vehicle administration did not affect both basal and glucose stimulated insulin in fed as well as in fasting condition. KP10 administration had no effect on the basal insulin levels in both fed and fasting as compared to pretreatment or vehicle treatment levels, while it significantly heightened glucose stimulated insulin levels (p<0.05) in both fed and fasted monkeys. The present results show that KP administration does not affect the basal secretion of insulin under both fed and fasting condition while potentiated the glucose-induced insulin levels in the adult male rhesus monkey. Therefore, these findings suggest a potential role of KP in the physiology of pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wahab F, Bano R, Jabeen S, Irfan S, Shahab M. Effect of peripheral kisspeptin administration on adiponectin, leptin, and resistin secretion under fed and fasting conditions in the adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:570-4. [PMID: 20446240 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, kisspeptin-KISS1R signaling has appeared as a major regulator of the reproductive function in several vertebrate species. However, KISS1(encoding kisspeptin) and its putative receptor, KISS1R, are expressed in several other tissues. Adipose tissue, which secretes many peptides with diverse functions in normal physiology, expresses KISS1, which is modulated by gonadal steroids as well as by body nutritional status. Similarly, KISS1Rexpression is also found in adipose tissue, but the local role of kisspeptin in adipocyte function is currently unknown. Therefore, in the present study the effects of exogenous human kisspeptin-10 (KP10) were studied on three important adipokines, namely, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in a set of four chair-restraint habituated intact adult male rhesus monkeys under; 1) normal fed conditions, 2) 24-h fasting conditions, and 3) 48-h fasting conditions. Plasma resistin and leptin levels decreased (p<0.01), whereas adiponectin levels increased (p<0.05) in fasted monkeys. Kisspeptin administration significantly increased (p<0.05) mean plasma adiponectin levels under fed and 24-h fasting conditions as compared to pretreatment or vehicle-treatment levels. A stimulatory effect was also observed on the 48-h fasting stimulated plasma adiponectin levels, but it lacked statistical significance. In contrast, no effect of kisspeptin was observed on mean plasma leptin and resistin levels. Thus, the present study demonstrated a stimulatory effect of peripheral kisspeptin administration on the plasma adiponectin levels under fed and 24-h fasting conditions in the adult male rhesus monkey. These findings, therefore, assign a novel role to kisspeptin, a regulator of adipocyte function in higher primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hussain I, Ghaffar A, Shahbaz A, Sami W, Muhammad A, Seher N, Wahab F, Khan JS. In hospital outcome of patients undergoing coronary endarterectomy: comparison between off-pump vs on pump CABG. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2008; 20:31-37. [PMID: 19024182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to advancement of non-surgical methods of coronary revascularization the patients referred for surgery have extensive and complex coronary anatomy. Patients with diffuse atheromatous coronary artery disease required coronary artery reconstruction or coronary endarterectomy (CE). Coronary endarterectomy on beating heart needs skill and better surgical technique. Coronary endarterectomy along with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) done on beating heart is compared with coronary endarterectomy done by using conventional CABG technique. METHODS Seven hundred and ninety five consecutive patients underwent CABG from January 2006 to March 2007 in a prospective randomized trial at cardiac surgery department, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore; out of these 115 patients underwent coronary endarterectomy (CE) and were included in this study. RESULTS Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 115 patients. Seventy two (62.6%) were in group A on-pump and 43 (37.39%) were in group B off-pump. Mean age in group A was 55.68 +/- 1.06 and 52.63 +/- 1.40 in group B. Sixty six male and 6 female were included in group A, 40 male and 3 female patients were in group B. In-hospital mortality among patients undergoing CABG was 5.6 % in on-pump group and 2.3 % in off-pump group (p = 0.649), the duration of post-operative mechanical ventilation in on-pump was 6.78 +/- 9.34 hours and 5 +/- 4.0 hours in off-pump group (p = 0.060), 66.7% patients in on-pump and 58.1% patients in off-pump group required blood transfusions, Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was required in 5.6% of the patients in on-pump group. Other factors included, smoking 26.4% in on-pump and 41.9% in off-pump group (p = 0.01), Intensive care unit (ICU) stay was statistically significant 4 +/- 3 in on-pump group and 4 +/- 2 in off-pump group (p = 0.02), and drain in on-pump group was 455 +/- 208 ml and 540 +/- 370 ml in off-pump group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Coronary endarterectomy (CE) has higher post-operative morbidity and mortality but the post-operative outcome after the procedure on either technique is comparable and CE is feasible on off-pump technique as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Hussain
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore
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Takahashi TA, Rebulla P, Armitage S, van Beckhoven J, Eichler H, Kekomäki R, Letowska M, Wahab F, Moroff G. Multi-laboratory evaluation of procedures for reducing the volume of cord blood: influence on cell recoveries. Cytotherapy 2006; 8:254-64. [PMID: 16793734 DOI: 10.1080/14653240600735677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various procedures can be used to isolate stem and progenitor cells from cord blood. This study evaluated the hydroxyethyl starch sedimentation (HES) with two centrifugation steps, and the top and bottom (T&B) isolation of buffy coat following a single centrifugation, and two filter systems for processing cord blood, one developed by Asahi Kasei Medical (filter A) and the second by Terumo (filter B). METHODS Each of seven laboratories was randomly assigned the evaluation of either the HES or T&B method and one of the filter methods (n=8 cord blood units, per laboratory, for each method). The leukocyte-containing fraction with the stem/progenitor cells was recovered from the filters by reverse flushing. Utilizing the routine traditional processing and testing procedures of each laboratory, in vitro parameters were determined, with samples obtained after collection, after processing and after freezing/thawing. The results were expressed as the percentage recovery of viable cells in processed vs. collected samples (performance 1; PF1) and in thawed vs. processed samples (performance 2; PF2). The composite results obtained by the seven laboratories were summarized. RESULTS The median PF1 percentage recovery of total nucleated cells (TNC) was comparable with both traditional methods (HES 79%, T&B 86%) and statistically reduced with both filtration procedures (filter A 58%, filter B 61%). Mononuclear cell (MNC) PF1 recovery was highest statistically with the T&B method (91%) and reduced on using filter A (77%) and filter B (70%) and the HES method (72%). CD34+ cell recovery was judged to be essentially comparable with the four methods, although the range of unit recoveries differed. The percentage recovery of TNC and MNC in PF1 was influenced by the volume of the collected cord blood, especially with use of the filtration procedures. This correlated with TNC content. A greater percentage of red cells and platelets was removed during processing with both filter methods. The time to process cord blood preparations with filter A was significantly shorter than the other methods. Processing with the HES method took the longest time. The recoveries for TNC, MNC and CD34+ cells in PF2 did not appear to be influenced by the specific processing procedure. DISCUSSION These data indicate that filters that capture stem and progenitor cells may be an appropriate methodology for processing cord blood collected for banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Takahashi
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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