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Yamamoto S, Arakaki R, Noguchi H, Takeda A, Uchishiba M, Kamada S, Mineda A, Kon M, Kinouchi R, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida K, Kaji T, Shinohara N, Iwasa T. Kisspeptin administration may promote precopulatory behavior in male rats independently or supplementally to testosterone and contribute to proceptive behavior in female partners, reducing mating failure. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 353:114528. [PMID: 38643848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Kisspeptin is a peptide that plays an important role through its effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. It has also been implicated in sexual behavior. The present study investigated whether the relationship between kisspeptin and sexual behavior is independent of the HPG axis, i.e., testosterone. Sexual behavior was examined after the administration of kisspeptin to gonadally intact male rats and gonadectomized male rats that received testosterone supplementation. Other male rats were also observed for sexual behavior once a week from 2 to 5 weeks after gonadectomy and receiving kisspeptin for the sixth postoperative week. Sexual behavior in female rats serving as the partner for each male was also observed. Female rats were not administered kisspeptin in the present study. The results obtained showed that the administration of kisspeptin increased precopulatory behavior in gonadally intact male rats and gonadectomized male rats that received testosterone supplementation and proceptive behavior in their female partners. Precopulatory behavior in males and receptive behavior in females increased, while copulatory behavior in males and receptive behavior in females remained unchanged. Furthermore, the administration of kisspeptin increased precopulatory behavior in gonadectomized males, but did not affect receptive behavior in females. These results suggest that kisspeptin affected males independently and/or supplementally to testosterone, and also that changes in the presence of testosterone in males had an impact on proceptive behavior in their female partners. In conclusion, kisspeptin may involve an as-yet-unidentified neural pathway in sexual desire independently of the HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan; Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Maimi Uchishiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuka Mineda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kon
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Riyo Kinouchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan.
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2
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Wang Z, Zhang G, Hu S, Fu M, Zhang P, Zhang K, Hao L, Chen S. Research progress on the protective effect of hormones and hormone drugs in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116764. [PMID: 38805965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood flow, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Restoring blood flow to the coronary artery is an effective clinical therapy for myocardial ischemia. This strategy helps lower the size of the myocardial infarction and improves the prognosis of patients. Nevertheless, if the disrupted blood flow to the heart muscle is restored within a specific timeframe, it leads to more severe harm to the previously deprived heart tissue. This condition is referred to as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Until now, there is a dearth of efficacious strategies to prevent and manage MIRI. Hormones are specialized substances that are produced directly into the circulation by endocrine organs or tissues in humans and animals, and they have particular effects on the body. Hormonal medications utilize human or animal hormones as their active components, encompassing sex hormones, adrenaline medications, thyroid hormone medications, and others. While several studies have examined the preventive properties of different endocrine hormones, such as estrogen and hormone analogs, on myocardial injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, there are other hormone analogs whose mechanisms of action remain unexplained and whose safety cannot be assured. The current study is on hormones and hormone medications, elucidating the mechanism of hormone pharmaceuticals and emphasizing the cardioprotective effects of different endocrine hormones. It aims to provide guidance for the therapeutic use of drugs and offer direction for the examination of MIRI in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Gaojiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Meilin Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Pingyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Sichong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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3
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Usselman CW, Lindsey ML, Robinson AT, Habecker BA, Taylor CE, Merryman WD, Kimmerly D, Bender JR, Regensteiner JG, Moreau KL, Pilote L, Wenner MM, O'Brien M, Yarovinsky TO, Stachenfeld NS, Charkoudian N, Denfeld QE, Moreira-Bouchard JD, Pyle WG, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H238-H255. [PMID: 37999647 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular research, sex and gender have not typically been considered in research design and reporting until recently. This has resulted in clinical research findings from which not only all women, but also gender-diverse individuals have been excluded. The resulting dearth of data has led to a lack of sex- and gender-specific clinical guidelines and raises serious questions about evidence-based care. Basic research has also excluded considerations of sex. Including sex and/or gender as research variables not only has the potential to improve the health of society overall now, but it also provides a foundation of knowledge on which to build future advances. The goal of this guidelines article is to provide advice on best practices to include sex and gender considerations in study design, as well as data collection, analysis, and interpretation to optimally establish rigor and reproducibility needed to inform clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. In cardiovascular physiology, incorporating sex and gender is a necessary component when optimally designing and executing research plans. The guidelines serve as the first guidance on how to include sex and gender in cardiovascular research. We provide here a beginning path toward achieving this goal and improve the ability of the research community to interpret results through a sex and gender lens to enable comparison across studies and laboratories, resulting in better health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte W Usselman
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Research Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Chloe E Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Derek Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Bender
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Louise Pilote
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Myles O'Brien
- School of Physiotherapy and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nisha Charkoudian
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Quin E Denfeld
- School of Nursing and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jesse D Moreira-Bouchard
- Q.U.E.E.R. Lab, Programs in Human Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Team Canada Network, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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4
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Medzikovic L, Azem T, Sun W, Rejali P, Esdin L, Rahman S, Dehghanitafti A, Aryan L, Eghbali M. Sex Differences in Therapies against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: From Basic Science to Clinical Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:2077. [PMID: 37626887 PMCID: PMC10453147 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) has declined over recent decades, which could be attributed in large part to improved treatment methods. Early reperfusion is the cornerstone of current MI treatment. However, reoxygenation via restored blood flow induces further damage to the myocardium, leading to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). While experimental studies overwhelmingly demonstrate that females experience greater functional recovery from MI and decreased severity in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, the outcomes of MI with subsequent reperfusion therapy, which is the clinical correlate of myocardial IRI, are generally poorer for women compared with men. Distressingly, women are also reported to benefit less from current guideline-based therapies compared with men. These seemingly contradicting outcomes between experimental and clinical studies show a need for further investigation of sex-based differences in disease pathophysiology, treatment response, and a sex-specific approach in the development of novel therapeutic methods against myocardial IRI. In this literature review, we summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial IRI, including the roles of sex hormones and sex chromosomes. Furthermore, we address sex differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics of current drugs prescribed to limit myocardial IRI. Lastly, we highlight ongoing clinical trials assessing novel pharmacological treatments against myocardial IRI and sex differences that may underlie the efficacy of these new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS BH-550 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (W.S.)
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5
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Heger J, Szabados T, Brosinsky P, Bencsik P, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R. Sex Difference in Cardioprotection against Acute Myocardial Infarction in MAO-B Knockout Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076443. [PMID: 37047416 PMCID: PMC10094730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiomyocyte-specific knockout (KO) of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B, an enzyme involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. Because sex hormones have a strong impact on MAO metabolic pathways, we analyzed the myocardial infarct size (IS) following I/R in female and male MAO-B KO mice in vivo. Method and Results: To induce the deletion of MAO-B, MAO-B KO mice (Myh6 Cre+/MAO-Bfl/fl) and wild-type (WT, Cre-negative MAO-Bfl/fl littermates) were fed with tamoxifen for 2 weeks followed by 10 weeks of normal mice chow. Myocardial infarction (assessed by TTC staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk as determined by Evans blue staining)) was induced by 45 min coronary occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Results: The mortality following I/R was higher in male compared to female mice, with the lowest mortality found in MAO-B KO female mice. IS was significantly higher in male WT mice compared to female WT mice. MAO-B KO reduced IS in male mice but had no further impact on IS in female MAO-B KO mice. Interestingly, there was no difference in the plasma estradiol levels among the groups. Conclusion: The cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of MAO-B protects male mice against acute myocardial infarction but had no effect on the infarct size in female mice.
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6
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Lindsey ML, Brunt KR, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, Calvert JW, de Castro Brás LE, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Del Re DP, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gumina RJ, Halade GV, Jones SP, Ritchie RH, Spinale FG, Thorp EB, Ripplinger CM, Kassiri Z. Guidelines for in vivo mouse models of myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1056-H1073. [PMID: 34623181 PMCID: PMC8834230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in reperfusion strategies, acute coronary syndromes all too often culminate in a myocardial infarction (MI). The consequent MI can, in turn, lead to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), the development of LV dysfunction, and ultimately progression to heart failure (HF). Accordingly, an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI remodeling and progression to HF is necessary. One common approach to examine MI pathology is with murine models that recapitulate components of the clinical context of acute coronary syndrome and subsequent MI. We evaluated the different approaches used to produce MI in mouse models and identified opportunities to consolidate methods, recognizing that reperfused and nonreperfused MI yield different responses. The overall goal in compiling this consensus statement is to unify best practices regarding mouse MI models to improve interpretation and allow comparative examination across studies and laboratories. These guidelines will help to establish rigor and reproducibility and provide increased potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - John W Calvert
- Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Masjoan Juncos JX, Shakil S, Ahmad A, Mariappan N, Zafar I, Bradley WE, Dell’Italia LJ, Ahmad A, Ahmad S. Sex differences in cardiopulmonary effects of acute bromine exposure. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1064-1073. [PMID: 34733491 PMCID: PMC8557644 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accidental occupational bromine (Br>2>) exposures are common, leading to significant morbidity and mortality; however, the specific effects of Br>2> inhalation in female victims are unclear. Our studies demonstrated that acute high-concentration Br>2> inhalation is fatal, and cardiac injury and dysfunction play an important role in Br>2> toxicity in males. In this study, we exposed female Sprague Dawley rats, age-matched to those males from previously studied, to 600 ppm Br>2> for 45 min and assessed their survival, cardiopulmonary injury and cardiac function after exposure. Br>2> exposure caused serious mortality in female rats (59%) 48 h after exposure. Rats had severe clinical distress, reduced heart rates and oxygen saturation after Br>2> inhalation as was previously reported with male animals. There was significant lung injury and edema when measured 24 h after exposure. Cardiac injury biomarkers were also significantly elevated 24 h after Br>2> inhalation. Echocardiography and hemodynamic studies were also performed and revealed that the mean arterial pressure was not significantly elevated in females. Other functional cardiac parameters were also altered. Aside from the lack of elevation of blood pressure, all other changes observed in female animals were also present in male animals as reported in our previous study. These studies are important to understand the toxicity mechanisms to generate therapies and better-equip first responders to deal with these specific scenarios after bromine spill disasters.>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shazia Shakil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Louis J Dell’Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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8
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Heliste J, Jokilammi A, Vaparanta K, Paatero I, Elenius K. Combined genetic and chemical screens indicate protective potential for EGFR inhibition to cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16661. [PMID: 34404849 PMCID: PMC8371130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The return of blood flow to ischemic heart after myocardial infarction causes ischemia-reperfusion injury. There is a clinical need for novel therapeutic targets to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here we screened for targets for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury using a combination of shRNA and drug library analyses in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. The shRNA library included lentiviral constructs targeting 4625 genes and the drug library 689 chemical compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Data were analyzed using protein-protein interaction and pathway analyses. EGFR inhibition was identified as a cardioprotective mechanism in both approaches. Inhibition of EGFR kinase activity with gefitinib improved cardiomyocyte viability in vitro. In addition, gefitinib preserved cardiac contractility in zebrafish embryos exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vivo. These findings indicate that the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib is a potential candidate for further studies of repurposing the drug for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heliste
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Vaparanta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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9
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Tokui T, Kawakita T, Yanagihara R, Kamada S, Minato S, Takeda A, Imaizumi J, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida K, Kato T, Irahara M, Iwasa T. Effects of gonadal status and the estrogen milieu on hypothalamic oxytocin gene expression and serum oxytocin levels in female rats. Horm Behav 2021; 133:105005. [PMID: 34116458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and its receptor (OTR) play various roles in the central and peripheral regulation of appetite and body weight. Previously, we have shown that the administration of OT markedly decreased appetite and body weight gain in ovariectomized (OVX) obese rats. In addition, recent studies have shown that the endogenous OT system is also affected by endogenous or exogenous estrogen. In this study, we showed that ovariectomy decreased rats' hypothalamic OT/OTR mRNA and serum OT levels, but did not affect their visceral fat OTR mRNA levels. The chronic administration of estradiol (E2) abrogated these ovariectomy-induced changes; i.e., it increased the rats' hypothalamic OT/OTR mRNA and serum OT levels, and may be associated with reductions in food intake and body weight gain. In addition, acute E2 administration increased the rats' hypothalamic OTR mRNA and serum OT levels, but did not affect their hypothalamic OT mRNA levels. Taken together, these results suggest that endogenous OT and/or OTR expression might be positively regulated by E2 and that the suppressive effects of E2 on appetite and body weight gain might be mediated, at least in part, by the OT system. Thus, we consider that OT might be a target hormone to pursue subsequent interventions of menopause for menopause-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Tokui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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10
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Najjar RS, Turner CG, Wong BJ, Feresin RG. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020387. [PMID: 33513742 PMCID: PMC7911141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S. Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Casey G. Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Brett J. Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Rafaela G. Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kawakita T, Kato T, Iwasa T, Erdenebayar O, Kadota Y, Kasai K, Yoshida K, Irahara M. Mental stress promotes the proliferation of endometriotic lesions in mice. Cytokine 2020; 135:155222. [PMID: 32768923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the womb lining begins to grow in other sites, such as the ovaries or fallopian tubes. Endometriosis can cause pelvic pain, adhesion formation, and infertility. Here, we investigated the relationship between deterioration of endometriosis and inflammation of intraperitoneal adipose tissue in mice. We created a mouse model of endometriosis, then subjected these mice to stress loading. In the experimental mice, we measured protein expression levels of prostaglandin-E2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α using ELISA kits. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related enzymes and cytokines in lesions and adipose tissues. This study sugest that endometriotic lesions may progress in the presence of psychological stress in the presence of endometriosis. In addition, inflammation of the adipose tissue around the uterus may be involved in the development of endometriosis. However, this needs further consideration. Reducing or avoiding stress as much as possible may prevent the progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Otgontsetseg Erdenebayar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Kadota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kana Kasai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto cho, Tokushima, Japan
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12
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Perrino C, Ferdinandy P, Bøtker HE, Brundel BJJM, Collins P, Davidson SM, den Ruijter HM, Engel FB, Gerdts E, Girao H, Gyöngyösi M, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Madonna R, Marber M, Murphy E, Pesce M, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Sluijter JPG, Steffens S, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Van Laake LW, Van Linthout S, Schulz R, Ytrehus K. Improving translational research in sex-specific effects of comorbidities and risk factors in ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection: position paper and recommendations of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:367-385. [PMID: 32484892 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Hajnoczy str. 6., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hans E Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 161, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1108 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Collins
- Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Gerdts
- Department for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, PO Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, and Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3 7935 Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, 6410 Fannin St #1014, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS Via Parea, 4, I-20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Berlin Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, partner site Berlin, Geschäftsstelle Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany.,University of Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zürich, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr.35, A - 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Shang D, Wang L, Klionsky DJ, Cheng H, Zhou R. Sex differences in autophagy-mediated diseases: toward precision medicine. Autophagy 2020; 17:1065-1076. [PMID: 32264724 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1752511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly all diseases in humans, to a certain extent, exhibit sex differences, including differences in the onset, progression, prevention, therapy, and prognosis of diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that macroautophagy/autophagy, as a mechanism for development, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis, is involved in numerous aspects of sex differences in diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. Advances in our knowledge regarding sex differences in autophagy-mediated diseases have enabled an understanding of their roles in human diseases, although the underlying molecular mechanisms of sex differences in autophagy remain largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss current advances in our insight into the biology of sex differences in autophagy and disease, information that will facilitate precision medicine.Abbreviations: AD: Azheimer disease; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; APP: amyloid beta precursor protein; AR: androgen receptor; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; ATP6AP2: ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2; BCL2L1: BCL2 like 1; BECN1: beclin 1; CTSD: cathepsin D; CYP19A1: cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1; DSD: disorders of sex development; eALDI: enhancer alternate long-distance initiator; ESR1: estrogen receptor 1; ESR2: estrogen receptor 2; FYCO1: FYVE and coiled-coil domain autophagy adaptor 1; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GLA: galactosidase alpha; GTEx: genotype-tissue expression; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; I-R: ischemia-reperfusion; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; MYBL2: MYB proto-oncogene like 2; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PSEN1: presenilin 1; PSEN2: presenilin 2; RAB9A, RAB9A: member RAS oncogene family; RAB9B, RAB9B: member RAS oncogene family; RAB40AL: RAB40A like; SF1: splicing factor 1; SOX9: SRY-box transcription factor 9; SRY: sex determining region Y; TFEB: transcription factor EB; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; VDAC2: voltage dependent anion channel 2; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; XPDS: X-linked parkinsonism and spasticity; YTHDF2: YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangtong Shang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hanhua Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Kim MY, Kim K, Hong CH, Lee SY, Jung YS. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Dementia. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:521-532. [PMID: 30464071 PMCID: PMC6254640 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and a cumulative inability to behave independently, is highly associated with other diseases. Various cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, are well-known risk factors for dementia. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that sex factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia. Recent studies show that nearly two-thirds of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease are women; however, the incidence difference between men and women remains vague. Therefore, studies are needed to investigate sex-specific differences, which can help understand the pathophysiology of dementia and identify potential therapeutic targets for both sexes. In the present review, we summarize sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of dementia by subtypes. This review also describes sex differences in the risk factors of dementia and examines the impact of risk factors on the incidence of dementia in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongjin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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15
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Mayer C, Adam M, Walenta L, Schmid N, Heikelä H, Schubert K, Flenkenthaler F, Dietrich KG, Gruschka S, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Schwarzer JU, Köhn FM, Strauss L, Welter H, Poutanen M, Mayerhofer A. Insights into the role of androgen receptor in human testicular peritubular cells. Andrology 2018; 6:756-765. [PMID: 29869453 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Contractile smooth muscle-like peritubular cells build the wall of seminiferous tubules in men. They are crucial for sperm transport and complement the functions of Sertoli cells by secreting factors, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Previous studies revealed that they also secrete the chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), which has known roles in spermatogenesis. Peritubular cells express the androgen receptor (AR), which is retained in isolated human testicular peritubular cells. We aimed to explore AR-regulated functions in human testicular peritubular cells. Bearing in mind that infertile men often have high aromatase activity, which may lower intratesticular androgen concentrations, an animal model for male infertility was studied. These mice display an age-dependent loss in spermatogenesis due to high aromatase activity. Human testicular peritubular cells were exposed to dihydrotestosterone or the antiandrogen flutamide. We studied AR, smooth muscle cell markers, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and 15 secreted factors previously identified, including CXCL12. We used qPCR, Western blotting, ELISA or selected reaction monitoring (SRM). In the animal model for male infertility, we employed qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Dihydrotestosterone increased AR and flutamide prevented these actions. The smooth muscle cell markers calponin and smooth muscle actin were likewise increased, while cell size or cellular proliferation was not changed. Dihydrotestosterone did not increase glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor or CXCL12 secretion but increased levels of serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) E1. The animal model for male infertility with high aromatase activity showed reduced numbers of AR-immunoreactive testicular peritubular cells, suggesting that altered androgen and/or oestrogen levels could influence AR-mediated responses in peritubular cells. Androgens act on human testicular peritubular cells to enhance AR levels, their contractile phenotype and to modulate the secretion of some secreted factors. This study suggests that some aspects of human peritubular cell functions are regulated by androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mayer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Adam
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Walenta
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - N Schmid
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - H Heikelä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Schubert
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - F Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - K-G Dietrich
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - S Gruschka
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - G J Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - T Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - L Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H Welter
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, BMC Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
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16
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Yano K, Yanagihara R, Mayila Y, Irahara M. The effects of chronic testosterone administration on hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulatory factors (Kiss1, NKB, pDyn and RFRP) and their receptors in female rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:437-441. [PMID: 29187003 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1409709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of androgens on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in females have not been fully established. To clarify the direct effects of androgens on hypothalamic reproductive factors, we evaluated the effects of chronic testosterone administration on hypothalamic GnRH regulatory factors in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Both testosterone and estradiol reduced the serum luteinizing hormone levels of OVX female rats, indicating that, as has been found for estrogen, testosterone suppresses GnRH secretion via negative feedback. Similarly, the administration of testosterone or estradiol suppressed the hypothalamic mRNA levels of kisspeptin and neurokinin B, both of which are positive regulators of GnRH, whereas it did not affect the hypothalamic mRNA levels of the kisspeptin receptor or neurokinin-3 receptor. On the contrary, the administration of testosterone, but not estradiol, suppressed the hypothalamic mRNA expression of prodynorphin, which is a negative regulator of GnRH. The administration of testosterone did not alter the rats' serum estradiol levels, indicating that testosterone's effects on hypothalamic factors might be induced by its androgenic activity. These findings suggest that as well as estrogen, androgens have negative feedback effects on GnRH in females and that the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects are similar, but do not completely correspond, to the mechanisms underlying the effects of estrogen on GnRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
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17
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Yano K, Mayila Y, Irahara M. Effects of dihydrotestosterone administration on the expression of reproductive and body weight regulatory factors in ovariectomized and estradiol-treated female rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:73-77. [PMID: 28604137 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1337096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the direct effects of androgens, the changes in the hypothalamic levels of reproductive and appetite regulatory factors induced by chronic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administration were evaluated in female rats. DHT treatment increased the BW and food intake of the ovariectomized rats, but not the estradiol (E2)-treated rats. DHT administration suppressed the expression of a hypothalamic anorexigenic factor. Although the kisspeptin (Kiss1) mRNA levels of the anterior hypothalamic block (the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, AVPV) were increased in the E2-treated rats, DHT administration did not affect the Kiss1 mRNA levels of the AVPV in the ovariectomized or E2-treated rats. Conversely, DHT administration reduced the Kiss1 mRNA levels of the posterior hypothalamic block (the arcuate nucleus, ARC) in the ovariectomized rats. Although the Kiss1 mRNA levels of the posterior hypothalamic block (ARC) were decreased in the E2-treated rats, DHT administration did not affect the Kiss1 mRNA levels of the ARC in these rats. Serum luteinizing hormone levels of these groups exhibited similar patterns to the Kiss1 mRNA levels of the ARC. These results showed that DHT affects the production of hypothalamic reproductive and appetite regulatory factors, and that these effects of DHT differ according to the estrogen milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
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DuSablon A, Parks J, Whitehurst K, Estes H, Chase R, Vlahos E, Sharma U, Wert D, Virag J. EphrinA1-Fc attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189307. [PMID: 29236774 PMCID: PMC5728502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
EphrinA1, a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase ligand expressed in healthy cardiomyocytes, is lost in injured cells following myocardial infarction. Previously, we have reported that a single intramyocardial injection of chimeric ephrinA1-Fc at the time of ischemia reduced injury in the nonreperfused myocardium by 50% at 4 days post-MI by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. In a clinically relevant model of acute ischemia (30min)/reperfusion (24hr or 4 days) injury, we now demonstrate that ephrinA1-Fc reduces infarct size by 46% and completely preserves cardiac function (ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and chamber dimensions) in the short-term (24hrs post-MI) as well as long-term (4 days). At 24 hours post-MI, diminished serum inflammatory cell chemoattractants in ephrinA1-Fc-treated mice reduces recruitment of neutrophils and leukocytes into the myocardium. Differences in relative expression levels of EphA-Rs are described in the context of their putative role in mediating cardioprotection. Validation by Western blotting of selected targets from mass spectrometry analyses of pooled samples of left ventricular tissue homogenates from mice that underwent 30min ischemia and 24hr of reperfusion (I/R) indicates that ephrinA1-Fc administration alters several regulators of signaling pathways that attenuate apoptosis, promote autophagy, and shift from FA metabolism in favor of increased glycolysis to optimize anaerobic ATP production. Taken together, reduced injury is due a combination of adaptive metabolic reprogramming, improved cell survival, and decreased inflammatory cell recruitment, suggesting that ephrinA1-Fc enhances the capacity of the heart to withstand an ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin DuSablon
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Justin Parks
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - K’Shylah Whitehurst
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather Estes
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert Chase
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eleftherios Vlahos
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Wert
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jitka Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Yano K, Yanagihara R, Tungalagsuvd A, Munkhzaya M, Mayila Y, Kuwahara A, Irahara M. The effects of chronic testosterone administration on body weight, food intake, and adipose tissue are changed by estrogen treatment in female rats. Horm Behav 2017; 93:53-61. [PMID: 28522306 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In females, estrogens play pivotal roles in preventing excess body weight (BW) gain. On the other hand, the roles of androgens in female BW, appetite, and energy metabolism have not been fully examined. We hypothesized that androgens' effects on food intake (FI) and BW regulation change according to the estrogens' levels. To evaluate this hypothesis, the effects of chronic testosterone administration in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats with or without estradiol supplementation were examined in this study. Chronic testosterone administration decreased BW, FI, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and adipocyte size in OVX rats, whereas it increased BW, WAT weight, and adipocyte size in OVX with estradiol-administered rats. In addition, chronic testosterone administration increased hypothalamic CYP19a1 mRNA levels in OVX rats, whereas it did not alter CYP19a1 mRNA levels in OVX with estradiol-administered rats, indicating that conversion of testosterone to estrogens in the hypothalamus may be activated in testosterone-administered OVX rats. Furthermore, chronic testosterone administration decreased hypothalamic TNF-α mRNA levels in OVX rats, whereas it increased hypothalamic IL-1β mRNA levels in OVX with estradiol-administered rats. On the other hand, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA levels in visceral and subcutaneous WAT and liver were not changed by chronic testosterone administration in both groups. These data indicate that the effects of chronic testosterone administration on BW, FI, WAT weight, and adipocyte size were changed by estradiol treatment in female rats. Testosterone has facilitative effects on BW gain, FI, and adiposity under the estradiol-supplemented condition, whereas it has inhibitory effects in the non-supplemented condition. Differences in the responses of hypothalamic factors, such as aromatase and inflammatory cytokines, to testosterone might underlie these opposite effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Chenu C, Adlanmerini M, Boudou F, Chantalat E, Guihot AL, Toutain C, Raymond-Letron I, Vicendo P, Gadeau AP, Henrion D, Arnal JF, Lenfant F. Testosterone Prevents Cutaneous Ischemia and Necrosis in Males Through Complementary Estrogenic and Androgenic Actions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:909-919. [PMID: 28360090 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic nonhealing wounds are a substantial medical concern and are associated with morbidity and mortality; thus, new treatment strategies are required. The first step toward personalized/precision medicine in this field is probably in taking sex differences into account. Impaired wound healing is augmented by ischemia, and we previously demonstrated that 17β-estradiol exerts a major preventive effect against ischemia-induced skin flap necrosis in female mice. However, the equivalent effects of testosterone in male mice have not yet been reported. We then investigated the role of steroid hormones in male mice using a skin flap ischemia model. APPROACH AND RESULTS Castrated male mice developed skin necrosis after ischemia, whereas intact or castrated males treated with testosterone were equally protected. Testosterone can (1) activate the estrogen receptor after its aromatization into 17β-estradiol or (2) be reduced into dihydrotestosterone, a nonaromatizable androgen that activates the androgen receptor. We found that dihydrotestosterone protected castrated wild-type mice by promoting skin revascularization, probably through a direct action on resistance arteries, as evidenced using a complementary model of flow-mediated outward remodeling. 17β-estradiol treatment of castrated male mice also strongly protected them from ischemic necrosis through the activation of estrogen receptor-α by increasing skin revascularization and skin survival. Remarkably, 17β-estradiol improved skin survival with a greater efficiency than dihydrotestosterone. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone provides males with a strong protection against cutaneous necrosis and acts through both its estrogenic and androgenic derivatives, which have complementary effects on skin survival and revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chenu
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Frederic Boudou
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Céline Toutain
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Daniel Henrion
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.)
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- From the INSERM U1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, France (C.C., M.A., F.B., E.C., C.T., J.-F.A., F.L.); Département d'Anatomie-Pathologique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France (I.R.-L.); Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, France (P.V.); INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (A.-P.G.); and MITOVASC, CARFI, INSERM U1083 and CNRS UMR6214, Université d'Angers, France (A.-L.G., D.H.).
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Regitz-Zagrosek V, Kararigas G. Mechanistic Pathways of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1-37. [PMID: 27807199 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as coronary artery disease, pressure overload, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Corresponding sex differences have been studied in a number of animal models, and mechanistic investigations have been undertaken to analyze the observed sex differences. We summarize the biological mechanisms of sex differences in CVD focusing on three main areas, i.e., genetic mechanisms, epigenetic mechanisms, as well as sex hormones and their receptors. We discuss relevant subtypes of sex hormone receptors, as well as genomic and nongenomic, activational and organizational effects of sex hormones. We describe the interaction of sex hormones with intracellular signaling relevant for cardiovascular cells and the cardiovascular system. Sex, sex hormones, and their receptors may affect a number of cellular processes by their synergistic action on multiple targets. We discuss in detail sex differences in organelle function and in biological processes. We conclude that there is a need for a more detailed understanding of sex differences and their underlying mechanisms, which holds the potential to design new drugs that target sex-specific cardiovascular mechanisms and affect phenotypes. The comparison of both sexes may lead to the identification of protective or maladaptive mechanisms in one sex that could serve as a novel therapeutic target in one sex or in both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine & Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charite University Hospital, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Institute of Gender in Medicine & Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charite University Hospital, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
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22
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Blenck CL, Harvey PA, Reckelhoff JF, Leinwand LA. The Importance of Biological Sex and Estrogen in Rodent Models of Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Circ Res 2016; 118:1294-312. [PMID: 27081111 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nearly one-third of deaths in the United States are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) each year. In the past, CVD was thought to mainly affect men, leading to the exclusion of women and female animals from clinical studies and preclinical research. In light of sexual dimorphisms in CVD, a need exists to examine baseline cardiac differences in humans and the animals used to model CVD. In humans, sex differences are apparent at every level of cardiovascular physiology from action potential duration and mitochondrial energetics to cardiac myocyte and whole-heart contractile function. Biological sex is an important modifier of the development of CVD with younger women generally being protected, but this cardioprotection is lost later in life, suggesting a role for estrogen. Although endogenous estrogen is most likely a mediator of the observed functional differences in both health and disease, the signaling mechanisms involved are complex and are not yet fully understood. To investigate how sex modulates CVD development, animal models are essential tools and should be useful in the development of therapeutics. This review will focus on describing the cardiovascular sexual dimorphisms that exist both physiologically and in common animal models of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa L Blenck
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.L.B., P.A.H., L.A.L.); and Women's Health Research Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.F.R.)
| | - Pamela A Harvey
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.L.B., P.A.H., L.A.L.); and Women's Health Research Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.F.R.)
| | - Jane F Reckelhoff
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.L.B., P.A.H., L.A.L.); and Women's Health Research Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.F.R.)
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.L.B., P.A.H., L.A.L.); and Women's Health Research Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.F.R.).
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23
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Sivasinprasasn S, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Estrogenic Impact on Cardiac Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:23-39. [PMID: 26786980 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increase in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome incidence following the onset of menopause has highlighted the role of estrogen as a cardiometabolic protective agent. Specifically regarding the heart, estrogen induced an improvement in cardiac function, preserved calcium homeostasis, and inhibited the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The beneficial effects of estrogen in relation to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, such as reduced infarction and ameliorated post-ischemic recovery, have also been shown. Nevertheless, controversial findings exist and estrogen therapy is reported to be related to a higher rate of thromboembolic events and atrial fibrillation in post-menopausal women. Therefore, greater clarification is needed to evaluate the exact potential of estrogen use in cases of cardiac I/R injury. This article reviews the effects of estrogen, in both acute and chronic treatment, and collates the studies with regard to their in vivo, in vitro, or clinical trial settings in cases of cardiac I/R injury and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Wagenaar A, Wiegerinck RF, Heijnen VVT, Post MJ. Percutaneous microembolization of the left coronary artery to model ischemic heart disease in rats. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 45:20-7. [PMID: 26684955 DOI: 10.1038/laban.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small animal models of myocardial infarction are used for a wide variety of research purposes, but common techniques for generating such models require thoracic surgeries that increase mortality risk and damage important structures, such as the pericardial sac. Here, we describe a technique for modeling myocardial infarction in rats by selective coronary microembolization, which has hitherto been described only in large animals. This technique selectively catheterizes the left coronary artery using a custom-made catheter that is introduced and precisely placed under fluoroscopic guidance. Microspheres are then injected through the catheter to cause embolization. This process creates multiple simultaneous micro-infarcts that resemble those from clinical embolization after a percutaneous coronary intervention. As this technique does not require thoracic surgery, a low attrition rate was expected and once it was optimized, this technique had a low mortality rate of just 14% during experimental application. This technique creates infarcts that appear small but are associated with transient ECG changes and a persistently lower ejection fraction after embolization. Microspheres are retained in the myocardial tissue and are visible by epifluorescent microscopy after histological staining and recognizable as a distinct speckle pattern in ultrasound images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allard Wagenaar
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob F Wiegerinck
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Viviane V T Heijnen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ikeda M, Swide T, Vayl A, Lahm T, Anderson S, Hutchens MP. Estrogen administered after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation ameliorates acute kidney injury in a sex- and age-specific manner. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:332. [PMID: 26384003 PMCID: PMC4574460 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-1049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There is a sex difference in the risk of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), and estrogen mediates the protective effect of female sex. We previously demonstrated that preprocedural chronic restoration of physiologic estrogen to ovariectomized female mice ameliorated AKI after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). In the present study, we hypothesized that male mice and aged female mice would benefit from estrogen administration after CA/CPR. We tested the effect of estrogen in a clinically relevant manner by administrating it after CA/CPR. Methods CA/CPR was performed in young (10–15 weeks), middle-aged (43–48 weeks), and aged (78–87 weeks) C57BL/6 male and female mice. Mice received intravenous 17β-estradiol or vehicle 15 min after resuscitation. Serum chemistries and unbiased stereological assessment of renal injury were completed 24 h after CA. Regional renal cortical blood flow was measured by a laser Doppler, and renal levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) were evaluated with immunoblotting. Results Post-arrest estrogen administration reduced injury in young males without significant changes in renal blood flow (percentage reduction compared with vehicle: serum urea nitrogen, 30 %; serum creatinine (sCr), 41 %; volume of necrotic tubules (VNT), 31 %; P < 0.05). In contrast, estrogen did not affect any outcomes in young females. In aged mice, estrogen significantly reduced sCr (80 %) and VNT (73 %) in males and VNT (51 %) in females. Serum estrogen levels in aged female mice after CA/CPR were the same as levels in male mice. With age, renal ERα was upregulated in females. Conclusions Estrogen administration after resuscitation from CA ameliorates renal injury in young males and aged mice in both sexes. Because injury was small, young females were not affected. The protective effect of exogenous estrogen may be detectable with loss of endogenous estrogen in aged females and could be mediated by differences in renal ERs. Post-arrest estrogen administration is renoprotective in a sex- and age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuko Ikeda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Thomas Swide
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Alexandra Vayl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Joseph E. Walther Hall, R3 C400 980 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Joseph E. Walther Hall, R3 C400 980 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Sharon Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Michael P Hutchens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Abstract
Autophagy is an important physiological process in the heart, and alterations in autophagic activity can exacerbate or mitigate injury during various pathological processes. Methods to assess autophagy have changed rapidly because the field of research has expanded. As with any new field, methods and standards for data analysis and interpretation evolve as investigators acquire experience and insight. The purpose of this review is to summarize current methods to measure autophagy, selective mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), and autophagic flux. We will examine several published studies where confusion arose in data interpretation, to illustrate the challenges. Finally, we will discuss methods to assess autophagy in vivo and in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Gottlieb
- From the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Allen M Andres
- From the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jon Sin
- From the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David P J Taylor
- From the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Stavroulakis K, Donas KP, Torsello G, Osada N, Schönefeld E. Gender-Related Long-term Outcome of Primary Femoropopliteal Stent Placement for Peripheral Artery Disease. J Endovasc Ther 2015; 22:31-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1526602814564382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate gender-related long-term outcomes in patients undergoing stent treatment of femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease. Methods: Between September 2006 and August 2010, all 517 patients (333 men and 184 women; mean age 70.6 years) undergoing primary stent placement in femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions at 2 European vascular centers were prospectively enrolled in the study. The main study outcome was primary stent patency. Secondary outcomes included secondary patency, limb salvage, and all-cause mortality. Results: Women had a higher incidence of critical limb ischemia (32.1% vs. 16.9%, p<0.001). Lesion characteristics according to the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) classification were comparable in both genders (p=0.52), although total occlusions and popliteal involvement were observed more frequently in female patients (p=0.043 and p=0.001, respectively). Both genders showed similar 5-year primary patency rates (64.3% men vs. 58.1% women, p=0.11). A statistically significant difference was observed concerning the secondary patency rates in favor of men (71.9% vs. 66.8% at 5 years, p=0.005). Limb salvage rates did not vary between the groups (p=0.83). Survival rates were comparable at 5 years (83.3% and 82.6% for men and women, respectively; p=0.63), although female patients were older at their presentation (68.5 vs. 74.3 years, p<0.001). Female gender was an independent risk factor for restenosis for TASC C/D lesions (primary patency rate 39.8% in women vs. 62.0% in men; p=0.002). Finally, critical limb ischemia was an independent risk factor for restenosis in women (odds ratio 1.5). Conclusion: Female gender was associated with a higher prevalence of critical limb ischemia, poorer secondary patency, and more frequent restenosis in TASC C/D lesions. Endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal lesions provides equal results between genders in terms of primary stent patency in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stavroulakis
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Münster, and Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Konstantinos P. Donas
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Münster, and Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Giovanni Torsello
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Münster, and Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nani Osada
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Münster, and Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Schönefeld
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Münster, and Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Addis R, Campesi I, Fois M, Capobianco G, Dessole S, Fenu G, Montella A, Cattaneo MG, Vicentini LM, Franconi F. Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) have a sex: characterisation of the phenotype of male and female cells. Biol Sex Differ 2014; 5:18. [PMID: 25535548 PMCID: PMC4273493 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-014-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) are widely used to study the endothelial physiology and pathology that might be involved in sex and gender differences detected at the cardiovascular level. This study evaluated whether HUVECs are sexually dimorphic in their morphological, proliferative and migratory properties and in the gene and protein expression of oestrogen and androgen receptors and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3). Moreover, because autophagy is influenced by sex, its degree was analysed in male and female HUVECs (MHUVECs and FHUVECs). Methods Umbilical cords from healthy, normal weight male and female neonates born to healthy non-obese and non-smoking women were studied. HUVEC morphology was analysed by electron microscopy, and their function was investigated by proliferation, viability, wound healing and chemotaxis assays. Gene and protein expression for oestrogen and androgen receptors and for NOS3 were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and the expression of the primary molecules involved in autophagy regulation [protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)] were detected by Western blotting. Results Cell proliferation, migration NOS3 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in FHUVECs than in MHUVECs. Conversely, beclin-1 and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were higher in MHUVECs than in FHUVECs, indicating that male cells are more autophagic than female cells. The expression of oestrogen and androgen receptor genes and proteins, the protein expression of Akt and mTOR and cellular size and shape were not influenced by sex. Body weights of male and female neonates were not significantly different, but the weight of male babies positively correlated with the weight of the mother, suggesting that the mother’s weight may exert a different influence on male and female babies. Conclusions The results indicate that sex differences exist in prenatal life and are parameter-specific, suggesting that HUVECs of both sexes should be used as an in vitro model to increase the quality and the translational value of research. The sex differences observed in HUVECs could be relevant in explaining the diseases of adulthood because endothelial dysfunction has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegeneration and immune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Addis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,National Laboratory of Gender Medicine of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Sassari Italy
| | - Marco Fois
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dessole
- Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cattaneo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia M Vicentini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,National Laboratory of Gender Medicine of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Sassari Italy.,Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona, Region Basilicata, Italy
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Mihailidou AS, Ashton AW. Cardiac effects of aldosterone: does gender matter? Steroids 2014; 91:32-7. [PMID: 25173820 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) continues to be the most common cause of death globally, although mortality rates are decreasing with significant advances in treatment. Higher prevalence of co-morbidities in women only partly explains the lack of decrease in mortality rates in younger women due to. Until recently there has been gender bias in pre-clinical studies and many clinical trials, resulting in a significant gap in knowledge whether there are differential responses to therapy for women, particularly younger women. There is increasing evidence that there are significant gender-specific differences in the outcome of post-infarction remodelling, prevalence of hypertension and sudden cardiac death. These differences indicate that cardiac tissue in females displays significant physiological and biochemical differences compared to males. However, the mechanisms mediating these differences, and how they change with age, are poorly understood. Circulating levels and physiological effects of aldosterone vary across the menstrual cycle suggesting female steroid sex hormones may not only regulate production of, but also responses to, aldosterone in pre-menopausal women. This modified tissue response may foster a homeostatic environment where higher levels of aldosterone are tolerated without adverse cardiac effect. Moreover, there is limited data on the direct regulation of this signalling axis by androgens in female animals/subjects. This review explores the relationship between gender and the effects of aldosterone in cardiovascular disease (CVD), an issue of significant need that may lead to changes in best practice to optimise clinical care and improve outcomes for females with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Mihailidou
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Division of Perinatal Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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30
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James WH. Hypothesis: high levels of maternal adrenal androgens are a major cause of miscarriage and other forms of reproductive suboptimality. J Theor Biol 2014; 364:316-20. [PMID: 25264266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A cause is proposed for several forms of reproductive suboptimality (viz foetal loss, preterm birth and low birth weight). The point is illustrated here in the case of miscarriage. I suggest that all these forms of reproductive suboptimality are partially caused by high levels of stress-related maternal adrenal androgens. The argument is supported by both experimental and epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H James
- The Galton Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Use of testosterone among men is increasing rapidly. Low serum testosterone is positively associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. No large randomized controlled trial (RCT) has assessed the effects of testosterone on cardiovascular outcomes. Here recent evidence accumulating from other sources - pharmacoepidemiology, Mendelian randomization studies and meta-analysis of small RCTs - is reviewed to inform current testosterone usage. RECENT FINDINGS In a large, well conducted pharmacoepidemiology study specifically testosterone prescription was associated with myocardial infarction. Two Mendelian randomization studies did not corroborate beneficial effects of higher endogenous testosterone on cardiovascular risk factors, but suggested higher endogenous testosterone raised LDL cholesterol and lowered HDL cholesterol. A comprehensive meta-analysis of RCTs summarizing 27 trials including 2994 men found increased risk of cardiovascular-related events on testosterone (odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.18). SUMMARY Contrary to expectations from observational studies, current indications suggest testosterone causes ischemic cardiovascular disease with corresponding implications for practice. A large RCT would undoubtedly settle the issue definitively. Given mounting evidence of harm and the urgency of the situation assembling all the evidence from completed RCTs of testosterone or androgen deprivation therapy and use of Mendelian randomization might generate a definitive answer most quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mary Schooling
- aCity University New York School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, USA bSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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