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Tavares MEA, Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, Sampaio LV, Correia RR, Batista VRG, Veras ASC, Chaves-Neto AH, da Silva ASR, Teixeira GR. Combined physical exercise re-synchronizes expression of Bmal1 and REV-ERBα and up-regulates apoptosis and metabolism in the prostate during aging. Life Sci 2024; 351:122800. [PMID: 38880169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging increases the prevalence of prostate cancer. The circadian clock coordinates metabolism, cell cycle, and tumor suppressor p53. Although physical exercise has several effects on preventing prostate diseases, its effect on regulating genes and proteins of the circadian rhythm of the prostate needs to be better evaluated. The present study verified expression of REV-ERBα (Nr1d1), Bmal1, apoptosis, tumor suppressors, energetic metabolism markers, and androgen receptors in the prostatic microenvironment in 18-month-old mice submitted to combined physical training. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were divided into 2 groups: 6 months-old (n = 10) and 18 months-old, (n = 20). The 18-month-old animals were divided into 2 subgroups: sedentary (n = 10, 18 m Sed) and submitted to combined physical training (n = 10, 18 m TR). Combined physical training protocol was performed by running on the treadmill (40-60 % of incremental load test) and climbing strength training (40-50 % of maximum repetition test), consisting of 5×/week (3 days aerobic and 2 days strength) for 3 weeks. The prostate was prepared for Western blot and RT-qPCR analysis, and the plasm was prepared for the biochemistry analysis. RESULTS Combined physical exercise during aging led to increased levels of Bmal1 and decreased levels of REV-ERBα in the prostate. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α proteins and an increase in the PI3K/AKT and p53/PTEN/caspase 3 pathways, promoting apoptotic potential. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that strength and aerobic physical exercise may be preventive in the development of preneoplastic molecular alterations and age-related features by re-synchronizes Bmal1 and REV-ERBα in prostatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson Luiz da Rocha
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Victorino Sampaio
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Correia
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Rogerio Garcia Batista
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Keshvari S, Masson JJR, Ferrari-Cestari M, Bodea LG, Nooru-Mohamed F, Tse BWC, Sokolowski KA, Batoon L, Patkar OL, Sullivan MA, Ebersbach H, Stutz C, Parton RG, Summers KM, Pettit AR, Hume DA, Irvine KM. Reversible expansion of tissue macrophages in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) transforms systemic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E149-E165. [PMID: 38117267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages regulate metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1)-dependent macrophages contribute to homeostatic control of the size of the liver. This study aimed to determine the systemic metabolic consequences of elevating circulating CSF1. Acute administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein to mice led to monocytosis, increased resident tissue macrophages in the liver and all major organs, and liver growth. These effects were associated with increased hepatic glucose uptake and extensive mobilization of body fat. The impacts of CSF1 on macrophage abundance, liver size, and body composition were rapidly reversed to restore homeostasis. The effects of CSF1 on metabolism were independent of several known endocrine regulators and did not impact the physiological fasting response. Analysis using implantable telemetry in metabolic cages revealed progressively reduced body temperature and physical activity with no change in diurnal food intake. These results demonstrate the existence of a dynamic equilibrium between CSF1, the mononuclear phagocyte system, and control of liver-to-body weight ratio, which in turn controls systemic metabolic homeostasis. This novel macrophage regulatory axis has the potential to promote fat mobilization, without changes in appetence, which may have novel implications for managing metabolic syndrome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CSF1 administration expands tissue macrophages, which transforms systemic metabolism. CSF1 drives fat mobilization and glucose uptake to support liver growth. The effects of CSF1 are independent of normal hormonal metabolic regulation. The effects of CSF1 are rapidly reversible, restoring homeostatic body composition. CSF1-dependent macrophages and liver size are coupled in a dynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesse J R Masson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liviu-Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fathima Nooru-Mohamed
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian W C Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilmar Ebersbach
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cian Stutz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Shi J, Li W, Ding X, Zhou F, Hao C, He M, Wang F, Li X. The role of the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway in regulating oxidative stress in the early development of ischaemic stroke. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1773. [PMID: 38245621 PMCID: PMC10799848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the primary cause of ischaemic stroke and is closely related to circadian rhythm. However, the mechanism by which circadian rhythm regulates oxidative stress in ischaemic stroke remains elusive. The Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) controls circadian rhythm by activating the transcription of the circadian clock core protein Basic Helix-Loop-Helix ARNT Like 1 (BMAL1) through deacetylation. Studies have shown that the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway can regulate oxidative stress. To investigate its correlation with oxidative stress, we examined the expression levels and influencing factors of SIRT1-BMAL1 at different times in ischaemic stroke patients and analyzed their clinical indexes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factor indicators. The expression levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factor indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), SIRT1, and BMAL1, were detected in ischaemic stroke patients within 4.5 h of onset and in non-stroke patients. Patients were divided into four subgroups based on onset time: subgroup 1 (0:00-05:59); subgroup 2 (06:00-11:59); subgroup 3 (12:00-17: 59); and subgroup 4 (18:00-23:59). Our results showed higher MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and lower SOD, SIRT1, and BMAL1 levels in ischaemic stroke patients compared to control patients (P < 0.05). Among the four subgroups, the content of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α was highest in patients with ischaemic stroke onset from subgroup 2 (06:00-11:59), while the expression levels of SOD, BMAL1, and SIRT1 were lowest in patients with ischaemic stroke in subgroup 2. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) reached the highest value showing the same trends consistent with MDA, IL-6, and TNF-ɑ and opposite trends consistent with SOD, BMAL1, and SIRT1. However, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), immediate blood glucose, immediate diastolic blood pressure, immediate systolic blood pressure, and homocysteine (HCY) did not show any statistically significant circadian rhythm changes (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway may be involved in early oxidative stress in ischaemic stroke, which may be related to MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- The Ninth Clinical Medical College Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Ninth Clinical Medical College Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenxi Hao
- The First Clinical Medical College Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Miao He
- The Ninth Clinical Medical College Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace Clinic College of Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Miura K, Morishige JI, Abe J, Xu P, Shi Y, Jing Z, Nagata N, Miyazaki R, Sakane N, Mieda M, Ono M, Maida Y, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Ando H. Imeglimin profoundly affects the circadian clock in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 153:215-220. [PMID: 37973219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imeglimin is a novel antidiabetic drug structurally related to metformin. Metformin has been shown to modulate the circadian clock in rat fibroblasts. Accordingly, in the present study, we aimed to determine whether imeglimin can impact the circadian oscillator in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). METHODS MEFs carrying a Bmal1-Emerald luciferase (Bmal1-ELuc) reporter were exposed to imeglimin (0.1 or 1 mM), metformin (0.1 or 1 mM), a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor FK866, and/or vehicle. Subsequently, Bmal1-ELuc expression and clock gene mRNA expression levels were measured at 10-min intervals for 55 h and 4-h intervals for 32 h, respectively. RESULTS Imeglimin significantly prolonged the period (from 26.3 to 30.0 h at 0.1 mM) and dose-dependently increased the amplitude (9.6-fold at 1 mM) of the Bmal1-ELuc expression rhythm; however, metformin exhibited minimal effects on these parameters. Moreover, imeglimin notably impacted the rhythmic mRNA expression of clock genes (Bmal1, Per1, and Cry1). The concurrent addition of FK866 partly inhibited the effects of imeglimin on both Bmal1-ELuc expression and clock gene mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results reveal that imeglimin profoundly affects the circadian clock in MEFs. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether imeglimin treatment could exert similar effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotomi Miura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Morishige
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jotaro Abe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Pingping Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yifan Shi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Zheng Jing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyazaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Human Life Environments, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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BaHammam AS, Pirzada A. Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism-A Narrative Review. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:507-535. [PMID: 37754352 PMCID: PMC10528427 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health. This narrative review examines the relationship between meal timing, circadian rhythm, clock genes, circadian hormones, and metabolic function. It analyzes the existing literature and experimental data to explore the connection between mealtime, circadian rhythms, and metabolic processes. The available evidence highlights the importance of aligning mealtime with the body's natural rhythms to promote metabolic health and prevent metabolic disorders. Specifically, studies show that consuming meals later in the day is associated with an elevated prevalence of metabolic disorders, while early time-restricted eating, such as having an early breakfast and an earlier dinner, improves levels of glucose in the blood and substrate oxidation. Circadian hormones, including cortisol and melatonin, interact with mealtimes and play vital roles in regulating metabolic processes. Cortisol, aligned with dawn in diurnal mammals, activates energy reserves, stimulates appetite, influences clock gene expression, and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Consuming meals during periods of elevated melatonin levels, specifically during the circadian night, has been correlated with potential implications for glucose tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of central and peripheral clock synchronization, including genetics, interactions with chronotype, sleep duration, and hormonal changes, provides valuable insights for optimizing dietary strategies and timing. This knowledge contributes to improved overall health and well-being by aligning mealtime with the body's natural circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrouf Pirzada
- North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC), National Health Service (NHS), Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
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Isherwood CM, van der Veen DR, Hassanin H, Skene DJ, Johnston JD. Human glucose rhythms and subjective hunger anticipate meal timing. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1321-1326.e3. [PMID: 36822203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and nutrition are closely linked.1 Timing of a three-meal daily feeding pattern synchronizes some human circadian rhythms.2 Despite animal data showing anticipation of food availability, linked to a food-entrainable oscillator,3 it is unknown whether human physiology predicts mealtimes and restricted food availability. In a controlled laboratory protocol, we tested the hypothesis that the human circadian system anticipates large meals. Twenty-four male participants undertook an 8-day laboratory study, with strict sleep-wake schedules, light-dark schedules, and food intake. For 6 days, participants consumed either hourly small meals throughout the waking period or two large daily meals (7.5 and 14.5 h after wake-up). All participants then undertook a 37-h constant routine. Interstitial glucose was measured every 15 min throughout the protocol. Hunger was assessed hourly during waking periods. Saliva melatonin was measured in the constant routine. During the 6-day feeding pattern, both groups exhibited increasing glucose concentration early each morning. In the small meal group, glucose concentrations continued to increase across the day. However, in the large meal group, glucose concentrations decreased from 2 h after waking until the first meal. Average 24-h glucose concentration did not differ between groups. In the constant routine, there was no difference in melatonin onset between groups, but antiphasic glucose rhythms were observed, with low glucose at the time of previous meals in the large meal group. Moreover, in the large meal group, constant routine hunger scores increased before the predicted meal times. These data support the existence of human food anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Isherwood
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Daan R van der Veen
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Hana Hassanin
- Clinical Research Facility, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XP, UK
| | - Debra J Skene
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jonathan D Johnston
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Banach M, Tabatabaei SA, Sahebkar A. Preclinical toxicity assessment of a peptide-based antiPCSK9 vaccine in healthy mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114170. [PMID: 36587555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition is a novel cholesterol-lowering treatment for decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis. We have previously shown that active immunization using the antiPCSK9 vaccine could decrease hypercholesterolemia and impede the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the experimental model of atherosclerosis. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of the vaccine in healthy mice. METHODS Forty male and female albino mice were divided into 4 experimental groups, including vaccine female (10 mice) and male (10 mice) groups receiving the antiPCSK9 vaccine as well as the corresponding control female (10 mice) and male (10 mice) groups receiving the phosphate buffer. Vaccination was planned based on 4 subcutaneous injections of the vaccine formulation (10 µg/mouse) in bi-weekly intervals. The toxicity study was performed by the subacute protocol, 28 days after the last vaccine injection. To this end, the plasma levels of lipid indexes, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as well as the CBC test were measured. To evaluate histopathological alterations, various tissues including the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain were studied using hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining by an expert pathologist. The severity of damage to the tissue was considered based on the standard classification; grade 1 as light damage, grade 2 as moderate damage, grade 3 as near intense damage, and grade 4 as intense damage. RESULTS The results showed non-significant changes of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride, HDL-C, FBS, creatinine, urea, AST, ALP, ALT, and PAB in the vaccinated mice when compared with control mice. The CBS test indicated that there were no significant changes in the levels of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH, MCHC, PLT, LYM, NEUT, MCV, RDW-S, PDW, and MPV in the vaccinated mice when compared with control mice. Evaluating histopathological alterations in various tissues indicated no significant adverse effects in vaccinated mice when compared to control mice. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that antiPCSK9 is safe and exerts no adverse effects on the function of different organs and blood levels of cellular and biochemical biomarkers in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Young ME, Latimer MN. Circadian rhythms in cardiac metabolic flexibility. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:13-26. [PMID: 34162286 PMCID: PMC8695643 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1939366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous aspects of cardiovascular physiology (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) and pathology (e.g., myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death) exhibit time-of-day-dependency. In association with day-night differences in energetic demand and substrate availability, the healthy heart displays remarkable metabolic flexibility through temporal partitioning of the metabolic fate of common substrates (glucose, lipid, amino acids). The purpose of this review is to highlight the contribution that circadian clocks provide toward 24-hr fluctuations in cardiac metabolism and to discuss whether attenuation and/or augmentation of these metabolic rhythms through adjustment of nutrient intake timing impacts cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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9
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Onuma S, Kinoshita S, Shimba S, Ozono K, Michigami T, Kawai M. The Lack of Bmal1, a Core Clock Gene, in the Intestine Decreases Glucose Absorption in Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6651710. [PMID: 35904419 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock network is an evolutionarily conserved system that regulates systemic metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis. Intestinal tissue is a pivotal organ for the regulation of glucose metabolism, mainly via glucose absorption into the circulation; however, the significance of the intestinal circadian clock network for glucose metabolism remains largely unclear. We herein utilized a mouse model in which Bmal1, a core clock gene, was deleted in an intestine-specific manner (Bmal1Int-/- mice) and demonstrated a rhythmic expression of Sglt1 with its peak at zeitgeber time (ZT) 10.7 ± 2.8 in control mice, whereas this was lost in Bmal1Int-/- mice. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed rhythmic binding of CLOCK to the E-box elements in the Sglt1 gene in control mice; however, this was absent in Bmal1Int-/- mice. Accordingly, SGLT1 protein levels were decreased during the dark phase in Bmal1Int-/- mice and this was associated with impaired glucose absorption, leading to a decline in hepatic glycogen levels at ZT4, which was restored by ingestion of high-sucrose water. Additionally, when mice were starved from ZT0, greater expression of the lipolysis-related gene Pnpla2 was observed in adipose tissue of Bmal1Int-/- mice, and this was not noted when glycogen storage was restored by high-sucrose water prior to fasting, suggesting that higher Pnpla2 expression in Bmal1Int-/- mice was likely caused by lower glycogen storage. These results indicate that disruption of the intestinal circadian clock system impairs glucose absorption in the intestine and affects systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Onuma
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saori Kinoshita
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
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Rumanova VS, Okuliarova M, Foppen E, Kalsbeek A, Zeman M. Exposure to dim light at night alters daily rhythms of glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:973461. [PMID: 36105299 PMCID: PMC9465160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.973461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal light pollution has been rapidly increasing during the last decades and even though dim artificial light at night (ALAN) has been associated with metabolic diseases, its mechanism is still far from clear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to thoroughly analyze the effects of ALAN on energy metabolism, metabolites, metabolic hormones, and gene expression. Male Wistar rats were kept in either the standard light:dark (12:12) cycle or exposed to ALAN (∼2 lx) during the whole 12-h dark phase for 2 weeks. Energy metabolism was measured in metabolic cages. In addition, we measured plasma and hepatic metabolites, clock and metabolic gene expression in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue, and plasma hormone levels. In ALAN rats, we observed an unexpected transitory daytime peak of locomotor activity and a suppression of the peak in locomotor activity at the beginning of the dark period. These changes were mirrored in the respiratory exchange ratio. Plasma metabolites became arrhythmic, and plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels were increased. Lost rhythmicity of metabolites was associated with disrupted behavioral rhythms and expression of metabolic genes. In the liver, the rhythms of metabolic sensors were either phase-advanced (Ppara, Pgc1a, Nampt) or arrhythmic (Sirt1, Lxra) after ALAN. The rhythmic pattern of Ppara and Sirt1 was abolished in the adipose tissue. In the liver, the amplitude of the daily rhythm in glycogen content was attenuated, the Glut2 rhythm was phase-advanced and Foxo1 lost its daily rhythmicity. Moreover, hepatic Foxo1 and Gck were up-regulated after ALAN. Interestingly, several parameters of lipid metabolism gained rhythmicity (adiponectin, Hmgcs2, Lpl, Srebf1c) in the liver, whereas Noct became arrhythmic in the adipose tissue. Peripheral clock genes maintained their robust oscillations with small shifts in their acrophases. Our data show that even a low level of ALAN can induce changes in the daily pattern of behavior and energy metabolism, and disturb daily rhythms of genes encoding key metabolic sensors and components of metabolic pathways in the liver and adipose tissue. Disturbed metabolic rhythms by ALAN could represent a serious risk factor for the development and progression of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sophia Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Valentina Sophia Rumanova,
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Ando H, Nagata N, Hosono T, Hasan N, Morishige JI, Daikoku T, Maida Y, Ono M, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H. Sustained effect of habitual feeding time on daily rhythm of core body temperature in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:966788. [PMID: 36071943 PMCID: PMC9441871 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.966788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimCircadian clocks in most peripheral tissues are entrained mainly by feeding. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the daily rhythm of core body temperature (CBT), including the effect of diet-induced thermogenesis, varies according to habitual feeding time.MethodsWild-type and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) knockout mice were fed only during the first 4 h (Breakfast group) or the last 4 h of the dark period (Dinner group) for 17 days. On day 18, both groups were fed twice for 2 h, at the same starting times. Locomotor activity and CBT were measured continuously during the experiment.ResultsOn day 18, CBT increased at the beginning of each feeding period, regardless of the group and strain. However, the CBT increase induced by the first meal decreased sharply in the Breakfast group and mildly in the Dinner group; the opposite was observed after the second meal. In UCP1 knockout, but not wild-type, mice, the total amount of CBT was significantly lower in the Dinner group than in the Breakfast group. These effects were mostly independent of the locomotor activity and food intake.ConclusionThese results reveal that the effect of habitual feeding time on the daily rhythm of CBT is sustained at least until the following day. These effects may be mediated by both UCP1-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hitoshi Ando,
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Morishige
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Human Life Environments, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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12
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Sarnobat D, Charlotte Moffett R, Flatt PR, Irwin N, Tarasov AI. GABA and insulin but not nicotinamide augment α- to β-cell transdifferentiation in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Chronic Treatment with Metformin Has No Disrupting Effect on the Hepatic Circadian Clock in Mice. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020293. [PMID: 35208616 PMCID: PMC8875024 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The antidiabetic agent metformin is known to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in various tissues. Because AMPK can modulate intracellular circadian clocks through regulating the stability of clock components, a single dose of metformin has been reported to affect circadian clocks in the peripheral tissues. In this study, therefore, we investigated whether chronic treatment with metformin causes the impairment of circadian clocks, especially if given at an inappropriate time. Materials and Methods: Non-diabetic C57BL/6J mice were allowed access to food only during 4 h at the beginning of the dark period, and repeatedly i.p. injected with a nearly maximum non-toxic dose of metformin, once daily either at 4 h after the beginning of the dark period or at the beginning of the light period. Diabetic ob/ob mice were given free access to food and treated with metformin in drinking water. Results: Under the controlled feeding regimen, 8-day treatment with metformin did not alter the mRNA expression rhythms of clock genes in both liver and adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice, regardless of dosing time. In addition, chronic treatment with metformin for 2 weeks affected hepatic AMPK activation rhythm but did not disrupt the circadian clocks in the liver and adipose tissues of the ob/ob mice. Conclusions: These results mitigate concerns that treatment with metformin impairs peripheral circadian clocks, although confirmation is needed in humans.
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14
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Sarnobat D, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Tarasov AI. Effects of first-line diabetes therapy with biguanides, sulphonylurea and thiazolidinediones on the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of islet cell populations. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:95-103. [PMID: 34191257 PMCID: PMC8741670 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metformin, rosiglitazone and sulfonylureas enhance either insulin action or secretion and thus have been used extensively as early stage anti-diabetic medication, independently of the aetiology of the disease. When administered to newly diagnosed diabetes patients, these drugs produce variable results. Here, we examined the effects of the three early stage oral hypoglycaemic agents in mice with diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin, focusing specifically on the developmental biology of pancreatic islets. METHODS Streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice expressing a fluorescent reporter specifically in pancreatic islet α-cells were administered the biguanide metformin (100 mg/kg), thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg), or sulfonylurea tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) for 10 days. We assessed the impact of the treatment on metabolic status of the animals as well as on the morphology, proliferative potential and transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet cells, using immunofluorescence. RESULTS The effect of the therapy on the islet cells varied depending on the drug and included enhanced pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation, in case of metformin and rosiglitazone; de-differentiation of α-cells and β-cell apoptosis with tolbutamide; increased relative number of β-cells and bi-hormonal insulin + glucagon + cells with metformin. These effects were accompanied by normalisation of food and fluid intake with only minor effects on glycaemia at the low doses of the agents employed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that metformin and rosiglitazone attenuate the depletion of the β-cell pool in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes, whereas tolbutamide exacerbates the β-cell apoptosis, but is likely to protect β-cells from chronic hyperglycaemia by directly elevating insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sarnobat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R C Moffett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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15
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Crislip GR, Johnston JG, Douma LG, Costello HM, Juffre A, Boyd K, Li W, Maugans CC, Gutierrez-Monreal M, Esser KA, Bryant AJ, Liu AC, Gumz ML. Circadian Rhythm Effects on the Molecular Regulation of Physiological Systems. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2769-2798. [PMID: 34964116 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nearly every system within the body contains an intrinsic cellular circadian clock. The circadian clock contributes to the regulation of a variety of homeostatic processes in mammals through the regulation of gene expression. Circadian disruption of physiological systems is associated with pathophysiological disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the known circadian rhythms in physiological function. This article focuses on what is known in humans, along with discoveries made with cell and rodent models. In particular, the impact of circadian clock components in metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, immune, and central nervous systems are discussed. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-30, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kyla Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cheoting C Maugans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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16
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Hasan N, Nagata N, Morishige JI, Islam MT, Jing Z, Harada KI, Mieda M, Ono M, Fujiwara H, Daikoku T, Fujiwara T, Maida Y, Ota T, Shimba S, Kaneko S, Fujimura A, Ando H. Brown adipocyte-specific knockout of Bmal1 causes mild but significant thermogenesis impairment in mice. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101202. [PMID: 33676029 PMCID: PMC8042177 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired circadian clocks can cause obesity, but their pathophysiological role in brown adipose tissue (BAT), a major tissue regulating energy metabolism, remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of complete disruption of the BAT clock on thermogenesis and energy expenditure. METHODS Mice with brown adipocyte-specific knockout of the core clock gene Bmal1 (BA-Bmal1 KO) were generated and analyzed. RESULTS The BA-Bmal1 KO mice maintained normal core body temperatures by increasing shivering and locomotor activity despite the elevated expression of thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 in BAT. BA-Bmal1 KO disrupted 24 h rhythmicity of fatty acid utilization in BAT and mildly reduced both BAT thermogenesis and whole-body energy expenditure. The impact of BA-Bmal1 KO on the development of obesity became obvious when the mice were fed a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal the importance of the BAT clock for maintaining energy homeostasis and preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Morishige
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Md Tarikul Islam
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Zheng Jing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Social Work and Life Design, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Department of Health Development Nursing, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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17
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Hosono T, Ono M, Daikoku T, Mieda M, Nomura S, Kagami K, Iizuka T, Nakata R, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Ando H. Time-Restricted Feeding Regulates Circadian Rhythm of Murine Uterine Clock. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab064. [PMID: 33981944 PMCID: PMC8099714 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skipping breakfast is associated with dysmenorrhea in young women. This suggests that the delay of food intake in the active phase impairs uterine functions by interfering with circadian rhythms. OBJECTIVES To examine the relation between the delay of feeding and uterine circadian rhythms, we investigated the effects of the first meal occasion in the active phase on the uterine clock. METHODS Zeitgeber time (ZT) was defined as ZT0 (08:45) with lights on and ZT12 (20:45) with lights off. Young female mice (8 wk of age) were divided into 3 groups: group I (ad libitum consumption), group II (time-restricted feeding during ZT12-16, initial 4 h of the active period), and group III (time-restricted feeding during ZT20-24, last 4 h of the active period, a breakfast-skipping model). After 2 wk of dietary restriction, mice in each group were killed at 4-h intervals and the expression profiles of uterine clock genes, Bmal1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1), Per1 (period circadian clock 1), Per2, and Cry1 (cryptochrome 1), were examined. RESULTS qPCR and western blot analyses demonstrated synchronized circadian clock gene expression within the uterus. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that BMAL1 protein expression was synchronized among the endometrium and myometrium. In groups I and II, mRNA expression of Bmal1 was elevated after ZT12 at the start of the active phase. In contrast, Bmal1 expression was elevated just after ZT20 in group III, showing that the uterine clock rhythm had shifted 8 h backward. The changes in BMAL1 protein expression were confirmed by western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to indicate that time-restricted feeding regulates a circadian rhythm of the uterine clock that is synchronized throughout the uterine body. These findings suggest that the uterine clock system is a new candidate to explain the etiology of breakfast skipping-induced uterine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hosono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Social Work and Life Design, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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18
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Maude H, Sanchez-Cabanillas C, Cebola I. Epigenetics of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681356. [PMID: 34046015 PMCID: PMC8147868 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is largely recognized as a unifying feature that underlies metabolic dysfunction. Both lifestyle and genetic factors contribute to IR. Work from recent years has demonstrated that the epigenome may constitute an interface where different signals may converge to promote IR gene expression programs. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in hepatic IR, focusing on the roles of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. We discuss the broad epigenetic changes observed in the insulin resistant liver and its associated pathophysiological states and leverage on the wealth of 'omics' studies performed to discuss efforts in pinpointing specific loci that are disrupted by these changes. We envision that future studies, with increased genomic resolution and larger cohorts, will further the identification of biomarkers of early onset hepatic IR and assist the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, there is growing evidence to suggest that persistent epigenetic marks may be acquired over prolonged exposure to disease or deleterious exposures, highlighting the need for preventative medicine and long-term lifestyle adjustments to avoid irreversible or long-term alterations in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inês Cebola
- *Correspondence: Hannah Maude, ; Inês Cebola,
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19
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Mechchate H, Es-Safi I, Haddad H, Bekkari H, Grafov A, Bousta D. Combination of Catechin, Epicatechin, and Rutin: Optimization of a novel complete antidiabetic formulation using a mixture design approach. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 88:108520. [PMID: 33017607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, synthetic chemical antidiabetic drugs, besides their therapeutic effects, present adverse effects that could be hard to handle over time. In the last decade, studies reported new alternative molecules with more health benefits and less adverse effects. The goal of this study is to optimize a new antidiabetic formulation using plant flavonoids: Catechin, Epicatechin, and Rutin. They are also a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules. A mixture design experiment will optimize their combination to obtain a new, safe multi-targets antidiabetic formulation making it a powerful combination for the management of diabetes and its complications. To study the variation of blood glucose level in response to the treatment over the time we performed an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. The blood glucose level variations recorded as responses for the mixture design experiment. We used the molecules at a dose of 10 mg/kg. According to the software analysis, the prediction profiler showed us the optimum combination, and the result was a binary combination between Rutin and Epicatechin (25% and 75%, respectively). This combination prevented hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, along with the best area under the curve, and after that, we validated it through a repeated oral administration on alloxan-induced diabetic mice for 28 d. Rutin, Catechin, and Epicatechin exhibit a potent antihyperglycemic activity, their synergistic combination validates a new formulation that could be a real candidate to conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FSDM-Fez, Morocco.
| | - Imane Es-Safi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FSDM-Fez, Morocco.
| | - Hassan Haddad
- Department of chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hicham Bekkari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FSDM-Fez, Morocco.
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FSDM-Fez, Morocco.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Fujimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kaminokawa Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Michael H. Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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21
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Appiakannan HS, Rasimowicz ML, Harrison CB, Weber ET. Differential effects of high-fat diet on glucose tolerance, food intake, and glucocorticoid regulation in male C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Sun R, Huang J, Yang N, He J, Yu X, Feng S, Xie Y, Wang G, Ye H, Aa J. Purine Catabolism Shows a Dampened Circadian Rhythmicity in a High-fat Diet-Induced Mouse Model of Obesity. Molecules 2019; 24:E4524. [PMID: 31835615 PMCID: PMC6943701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-calorie diet, circadian rhythms and metabolic features are intimately linked. However, the mediator(s) between nutritional status, circadian rhythms and metabolism remain largely unknown. This article aims to clarify the key metabolic pathways bridging nutritional status and circadian rhythms based on a combination of metabolomics and molecular biological techniques. A mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity was established and serum samples were collected in obese and normal mice at different zeitgeber times. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, multivariate/univariate data analyses and metabolic pathway analysis were used to reveal changes in metabolism. Metabolites involved in the metabolism of purines, carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids were markedly perturbed in accordance with circadian related variations, among which purine catabolism showed a typical oscillation. What's more, the rhythmicity of purine catabolism dampened in the high-fat diet group. The expressions of clock genes and metabolic enzymes in the liver were measured. The mRNA expression of Xanthine oxidase (Xor) was highly correlated with the rhythmicity of Clock, Rev-erbα and Bmal1, as well as the metabolites involved in purine catabolism. These data showed that a high-fat diet altered the circadian rhythm of metabolic pathways, especially purine catabolism. It had an obvious circadian oscillation and a high-fat diet dampened its circadian rhythmicity. It was suggested that circadian rhythmicity of purine catabolism is related to circadian oscillations of expression of Xor, Uox and corresponding clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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23
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Skinner NJ, Rizwan MZ, Grattan DR, Tups A. Chronic Light Cycle Disruption Alters Central Insulin and Leptin Signaling as well as Metabolic Markers in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2257-2270. [PMID: 31276158 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the circadian timing system plays a role in energy and glucose homeostasis, and disruptions to this system are a risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders. We exposed animals to a constantly shifting lighting environment comprised of a 6-hour advance, occurring every 6 days, to chronically disrupt their circadian timing system. This treatment caused a gradual increase in body weight of 12 ± 2% after 12 phase shifts, compared with a 6 ± 1% increase in mice under control lighting conditions. Additionally, after the fifth phase shift, light cycle-disrupted (CD) animals showed a reversal in their diurnal pattern of energy homeostasis and locomotor activity, followed by a subsequent loss of this rhythm. To investigate potential molecular mechanisms mediating these metabolic alterations, we assessed central leptin and insulin sensitivity. We discovered that CD mice had a decrease in central leptin signaling, as indicated by a reduction in the number of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, CD animals exhibited a marked increase in fasting blood glucose (269.4 ± 21.1 mg/dL) compared with controls (108.8 ± 21.3 mg/dL). This dramatic increase in fasting glucose levels was not associated with an increase in insulin levels, suggesting impairments in pancreatic insulin release. Peripheral hyperglycemia was accompanied by central alterations in insulin signaling at the level of phospho Akt and insulin receptor substrate 1, suggesting that light cycle disruption alters central insulin signaling. These results provide mechanistic insights into the association between light cycle disruption and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Skinner
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohammed Z Rizwan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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24
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Horii R, Honda M, Shirasaki T, Shimakami T, Shimizu R, Yamanaka S, Murai K, Kawaguchi K, Arai K, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Okada H, Nakamura M, Mizukoshi E, Kaneko S. MicroRNA-10a Impairs Liver Metabolism in Hepatitis C Virus-Related Cirrhosis Through Deregulation of the Circadian Clock Gene Brain and Muscle Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator-Like 1. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1687-1703. [PMID: 31832575 PMCID: PMC6887665 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of the liver plays an important role in maintaining its metabolic homeostasis. We performed comprehensive expression analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction of liver biopsy tissues to identify the miRNAs that are significantly up‐regulated in advanced chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We found miR‐10a regulated various liver metabolism genes and was markedly up‐regulated by hepatitis C virus infection and poor nutritional conditions. The expression of miR‐10a was rhythmic and down‐regulated the expression of the circadian rhythm gene brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator‐like 1 (Bmal1) by directly suppressing the expression of RA receptor‐related orphan receptor alpha (RORA). Overexpression of miR‐10a in hepatocytes blunted circadian rhythm of Bmal1 and inhibited the expression of lipid synthesis genes (sterol regulatory element binding protein [SREBP]1, fatty acid synthase [FASN], and SREBP2), gluconeogenesis (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha [PGC1α]), protein synthesis (mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] and ribosomal protein S6 kinase [S6K]) and bile acid synthesis (liver receptor homolog 1 [LRH1]). The expression of Bmal1 was significantly correlated with the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis‐related genes and reduced Bmal1 was associated with increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels and progression of liver fibrosis in CHC. Thus, impaired circadian rhythm expression of Bmal1 by miR‐10a disturbs metabolic adaptations, leading to liver damage, and is closely associated with the exacerbation of abnormal liver metabolism in patients with advanced CHC. In patients with hepatitis C‐related liver cirrhosis, liver tissue miR‐10a levels were significantly associated with hepatic reserve, fibrosis markers, esophageal varix complications, and hepatitis C‐related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Conclusion: MiRNA‐10a is involved in abnormal liver metabolism in cirrhotic liver through down‐regulation of the expression of the circadian rhythm gene Bmal1. Therefore, miR‐10a is a possible useful biomarker for estimating the prognosis of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Horii
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Ryogo Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Souma Yamanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kuniaki Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Mikiko Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine Kanazawa Japan
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25
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Angptl8 mediates food-driven resetting of hepatic circadian clock in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3518. [PMID: 31388006 PMCID: PMC6684615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal light-dark cycle resets the master clock, while timed food intake is another potent synchronizer of peripheral clocks in mammals. As the largest metabolic organ, the liver sensitively responds to the food signals and secretes hepatokines, leading to the robust regulation of metabolic and clock processes. However, it remains unknown which hepatokine mediates the food-driven resetting of the liver clock independent of the master clock. Here, we identify Angptl8 as a hepatokine that resets diurnal rhythms of hepatic clock and metabolic genes in mice. Mechanistically, the resetting function of Angptl8 is dependent on the signal relay of the membrane receptor PirB, phosphorylation of kinases and transcriptional factors, and consequently transient activation of the central clock gene Per1. Importantly, inhibition of Angptl8 signaling partially blocks food-entrained resetting of liver clock in mice. We have thus identified Angptl8 as a key regulator of the liver clock in response to food.
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26
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Fujiwara T, Nakata R, Ono M, Mieda M, Ando H, Daikoku T, Fujiwara H. Time Restriction of Food Intake During the Circadian Cycle Is a Possible Regulator of Reproductive Function in Postadolescent Female Rats. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzy093. [PMID: 30963143 PMCID: PMC6446981 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that skipping breakfast is associated with menstrual disorders of female college students during postadolescent maturation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of meal timing during circadian cycle on the ovarian function using young female rats. METHODS Considering that rats are nocturnally active, 8-wk-old female Wistar rats were classified into 3 groups: fed during the daytime only (nonactive phase), night-time only (active phase), or control group I (without time or calorie restriction, free access to a standard caloric diet, 20.0% protein, 62.9% carbohydrate, and 7.0% fat, 3.95 kcal/g) for 4 wk. The changes in body weight and frequency of ovulation in each group were evaluated by a weight scale and a vaginal smear, respectively. At the end of the period of dietary restriction, ovaries were removed, and the numbers of growing follicles (mean diameter >250 µm) and corpora lutea (>600 µm) were examined using hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue sections. In addition, 8-wk-old female rats were fed only during the night-time for 4 wk under a 20%-reduced food supply of the control group II (without any restriction). RESULTS In the daytime-fed group, the frequency and number of ovulations were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group I (P < 0.05), with a reduced body weight gain concomitant with about 20% of reduction in the daily food intake. In contrast, in the night-time-fed group, even when a 20% reduction in the daily food intake was loaded, their estrus cyclicity did not change despite significant reductions in weight gain and food intake compared with control group II. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that restricting food intake to the inactive phase impairs ovarian function in postadolescent female rats, suggesting that the timing of food intake during circadian cycle is one of the crucial factors interfering with the reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Social Work and Life Design, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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27
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Abstract
The epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitates development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate expansion of this debilitating disease. Evidence links the circadian system to various aspects of diabetes pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this review will be to outline the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the circadian system in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequent metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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28
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de Goede P, Foppen E, Ritsema WIGR, Korpel NL, Yi CX, Kalsbeek A. Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Rats, but Only When in Line With the Circadian Timing System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 31496992 PMCID: PMC6712481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that shift-workers have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity both are dependent on the circadian timing system (i.e., the time-of-day) and fasting duration, in rodents as well as humans. Therefore, question is whether manipulation of the circadian timing system, for example by changing the timing of feeding and fasting, is a potential preventive treatment for T2DM. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is well-known to have profound effects on various metabolic measures, including glucose metabolism. However, experiments that directly measure the effects of TRF on glucose tolerance and/or insulin sensitivity at different time points throughout the 24 h cycle are lacking. Here we show, in rats, that TRF in line with the circadian timing system (i.e., feeding during the active phase) improves glucose tolerance during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT) in the active phase, as lower insulin levels were observed with similar levels of glucose clearance. However, this was not the case during the inactive phase in which more insulin was released but only a slightly faster glucose clearance was observed. Contrasting, TRF out of sync with the circadian timing system (i.e., feeding during the inactive phase) worsened glucose tolerance, although only marginally, likely because of adaptation to the 4 week TRF regimen. Our results show that TRF can improve glucose metabolism, but strict adherence to the time-restricted feeding period is necessary, as outside the regular eating hours glucose tolerance is worsened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wayne I. G. R. Ritsema
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikita L. Korpel
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Andries Kalsbeek
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29
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Magalhães-Marques KK, Kinker GS, da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Castrucci AMDL. Non-Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma Induces Chronodisruption in Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1065. [PMID: 29614021 PMCID: PMC5979525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological clock has received increasing interest due to its key role in regulating body homeostasis in a time-dependent manner. Cancer development and progression has been linked to a disrupted molecular clock; however, in melanoma, the role of the biological clock is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of the tumor on its micro- (TME) and macro-environments (TMaE) in a non-metastatic melanoma model. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with murine B16-F10 melanoma cells and 2 weeks later the animals were euthanized every 6 h during 24 h. The presence of a localized tumor significantly impaired the biological clock of tumor-adjacent skin and affected the oscillatory expression of genes involved in light- and thermo-reception, proliferation, melanogenesis, and DNA repair. The expression of tumor molecular clock was significantly reduced compared to healthy skin but still displayed an oscillatory profile. We were able to cluster the affected genes using a human database and distinguish between primary melanoma and healthy skin. The molecular clocks of lungs and liver (common sites of metastasis), and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were significantly affected by tumor presence, leading to chronodisruption in each organ. Taken altogether, the presence of non-metastatic melanoma significantly impairs the organism's biological clocks. We suggest that the clock alterations found in TME and TMaE could impact development, progression, and metastasis of melanoma; thus, making the molecular clock an interesting pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Keila Karoline Magalhães-Marques
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Sanseray da Silveira Cruz-Machado
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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30
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Abstract
The daily rhythm of mammalian energy metabolism is subject to the circadian clock system, which is made up of the molecular clock machinery residing in nearly all cells throughout the body. The clock genes have been revealed not only to form the molecular clock but also to function as a mediator that regulates both circadian and metabolic functions. While the circadian signals generated by clock genes produce metabolic rhythms, clock gene function is tightly coupled to fundamental metabolic processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, defects in the clock genes not only result in the dysregulation of physiological rhythms but also induce metabolic disorders including diabetes and obesity. Among the clock genes, Dec1 (Bhlhe40/Stra13/Sharp2), Dec2 (Bhlhe41/Sharp1), and Bmal1 (Mop3/Arntl) have been shown to be particularly relevant to the regulation of energy metabolism at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. This paper reviews our current knowledge of the roles of Dec1, Dec2, and Bmal1 in coordinating the circadian and metabolic pathways.
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31
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Kapse S, Ando H, Fujiwara Y, Suzuki C, Ushijima K, Kitamura H, Hosohata K, Kotani K, Shimba S, Fujimura A. Effect of a dosing-time on quetiapine-induced acute hyperglycemia in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:139-145. [PMID: 28279595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rare, second-generation antipsychotic drugs cause severe hyperglycemia within several days after the initiation of therapy. Because glucose tolerance exhibits circadian rhythmicity, we evaluated an effect of a dosing-time on quetiapine-induced acute hyperglycemia in mice. A single intraperitoneal dose of quetiapine dosing-time-independently induced insulin resistance in fasted C57BL/6J mice. However, acute hyperglycemic effect was detected only after dosing of the drug at the beginning of an active phase. Under the conditions in which hepatic glucose production was stimulated by pyruvate administration, hyperglycemic effect of quetiapine was dosing-time-independently observed. In addition, the dosing-time-dependent hyperglycemic effect of quetiapine disappeared in the liver-specific circadian clock-disrupted mice in which circadian rhythmicity in hepatic glucose production is deranged. Furthermore, the dosing-time had little impact on the pharmacokinetics of quetiapine in normal mice. These results suggest that quetiapine acutely causes hyperglycemia only when hepatic glucose production elevates. Therefore, quetiapine therapy with once daily dosing at a rest phase might be safer than that at an active phase. Further studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Kapse
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Chisato Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitamura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Keiko Hosohata
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
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32
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Sridhar GR, Sanjana NSN. Sleep, circadian dysrhythmia, obesity and diabetes. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:515-522. [PMID: 27895820 PMCID: PMC5107711 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrony of biological processes with environmental cues developed over millennia to match growth, reproduction and senescence. This entails a complex interplay of genetic, metabolic, chemical, light, hormonal and hedonistic factors across life forms. Sleep is one of the most prominent rhythms where such a match is established. Over the past 100 years or so, it has been possible to disturb the synchrony between sleep-wake cycle and environmental cues. Development of electric lights, shift work and continual accessibility of the internet has disrupted this match. As a result, many non-communicable diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and malignancies have been attributed in part to such disruption. In this presentation a review is made of the origin and evolution of sleep studies, the pathogenic mediators for such asynchrony, clinical evidence and relevance and suggested management options to deal with the disturbances.
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33
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Foppen E, Tan AAT, Ackermans MT, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neuropeptides and Their Control of Endogenous Glucose Production. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26791158 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defective control of endogenous glucose production is an important factor responsible for hyperglycaemia in the diabetic individual. During the past decade, progressively more evidence has appeared indicating a strong and potentially causal relationship between disturbances of the circadian system and defects of metabolic regulation, including glucose metabolism. The detrimental effects of disturbed circadian rhythms may have their origin in disturbances of the molecular clock mechanisms in peripheral organs, such as the pancreas and liver, or in the central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). To assess the role of SCN output per se on glucose metabolism, we investigated (i) the effect of several SCN neurotransmitters on endogenous glucose production and (ii) the effect of SCN neuronal activity on hepatic and systemic insulin sensitivity. We show that silencing of SCN neuronal activity results in decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and increased peripheral insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, both oxytocin neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and orexin neurones in the lateral hypothalamus may be important targets for the SCN control of glucose metabolism. These data further highlight the role of the central clock in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A A T Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M T Ackermans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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