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Anderson GM, Hill JW, Kaiser UB, Navarro VM, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Prevot V, Tena-Sempere M, Elias CF. Metabolic control of puberty: 60 years in the footsteps of Kennedy and Mitra's seminal work. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:111-123. [PMID: 38049643 PMCID: PMC10843588 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra's trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Athar F, Karmani M, Templeman N. Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231916. [PMID: 38131197 PMCID: PMC10830447 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive system is strongly influenced by nutrition and energy balance. It is well known that food restriction or energy depletion can induce suppression of reproductive processes, while overnutrition is associated with reproductive dysfunction. However, the intricate mechanisms through which nutritional inputs and metabolic health are integrated into the coordination of reproduction are still being defined. In this review, we describe evidence for essential contributions by hormones that are responsive to food intake or fuel stores. Key metabolic hormones-including insulin, the incretins (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1), growth hormone, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin-signal throughout the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to support or suppress reproduction. We synthesize current knowledge on how these multifaceted hormones interact with the brain, pituitary, and ovaries to regulate functioning of the female reproductive system, incorporating in vitro and in vivo data from animal models and humans. Metabolic hormones are involved in orchestrating reproductive processes in healthy states, but some also play a significant role in the pathophysiology or treatment strategies of female reproductive disorders. Further understanding of the complex interrelationships between metabolic health and female reproductive function has important implications for improving women's health overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faria Athar
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Muskan Karmani
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Templeman
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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Mohamed AAR, Behairy A, Abd El-Hakim YM, Metwally MMM, Khamis T, Abuzahrah SS, Abdelhamid AE, Alqahtani LS, Essawi WM, Alotaibi BS, Alosaimi M, Ahmed El-Shaer RA, Awad MM, El-Shetry ES. Comparable bio-evaluation of curcumin and chitosan-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles against the reprotoxic potential of fenpropathrin pyrethroid in rats: Genomic and morphometric prospectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113977. [PMID: 37532170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This study delves into the intricate exploration of potential toxic effects resulting from subchronic exposure to fenpropathrin (FNP) on the reproductive system of male SD rats. Adding to the novelty, our study undertakes a pioneering comparison of the effects of curcumin (CUR) and curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CS.CUR.NPs) on these toxic effects. The study involved a cohort of sixty male SD rats (six groups): vehicle control, CUR, Cs.CUR.NPs, FNP, and two combination groups (FNP with CUR or Cs.CUR.NPs). The synthesized Cs.CUR.NPs nanoparticles underwent meticulous characterization using Fourier Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings revealed that FNP caused oxidative stress, sperm abnormalities, reduced motility and sperm count FNP decreased serum LH, FSH, 17-β estradiol, and testosterone levels. FNP downregulated the mRNA expression of the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis-related genes, While, downregulated hypothalamic KISS-1 and KISS-1r expression. Histopathological alterations were assessed and scored. Surprisingly, the treatment with CUR and Cs.CUR.NPs exhibited remarkable restorative effects on semen quality, sex hormone levels, antioxidant capacity, and mRNA expression of the targeted genes. Notably, Cs.CUR.NPs displayed superior properties when compared to CUR. Nevertheless, further research is imperative to evaluate their efficacy across various bodily tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd El-Hakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abuzahrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdelhamid
- Polymers & Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St. Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa M Essawi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marwa Mahmoud Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Fathy MA, Alsemeh AE, Habib MA, Abdel-nour HM, Hendawy DM, Eltaweel AM, Abdelkhalek A, Ahmed MM, Desouky MK, Hua J, Fericean LM, Banatean-Dunea I, Arisha AH, Khamis T. Liraglutide ameliorates diabetic-induced testicular dysfunction in male rats: role of GLP-1/Kiss1/GnRH and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1224985. [PMID: 37497106 PMCID: PMC10367011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1224985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) is released by intestinal cells to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas. GLP-1 has been linked to ameliorating obesity and/or diabetic complications as well as controlling reproductive function. Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with 97% homology with GLP-1. The main objective of this study was to investigate the ameliorative role of liraglutide in diabetic-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups; a control group, a diabetic group, and a liraglutide-treated diabetic group. Results: In the diabetic group, a significant increase in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, TAG, LDL, IL6, TNFα, and MDA, as well as decreased serum insulin, HDL, GSH, total testosterone, LH, and FSH, were shown compared to the control group. Furthermore, A significant downregulation in relative hypothalamic gene expression of GLP-1R, PPAR-α, PGC-1α, kiss, kiss1R, leptin, leptin R, GnRH GLP-1R, testicular PGC-1α, PPARα, kiss1, kiss1R, STAR, CYP17A1, HSD17B3, CYP19A, CYP11A1, and Smad7, as well as upregulation in hypothalamic GnIH and testicular TGF- β and Smad2 expression, were noticed compared to the control group. Liraglutide treatment significantly improved such functional and structural reproductive disturbance in diabetic rats. Conclusion: GLP-1RAs ameliorated the deleterious effects of diabetes on reproductive function by targeting GLP-1/leptin/kiss1/GnRH, steroidogenesis, and TGF- β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdelhamid Fathy
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Habib
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanim M. Abdel-nour
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa M. Hendawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Monir Eltaweel
- Basic Medical Science Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Medicine-King Saud Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences—Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha K. Desouky
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liana Mihaela Fericean
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I” from Timisoara [ULST], Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Banatean-Dunea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I” from Timisoara [ULST], Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr, Egypt
- Department of Physiology and Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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5
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Ruiz-Cruz M, Torres-Granados C, Tena-Sempere M, Roa J. Central and peripheral mechanisms involved in the control of GnRH neuronal function by metabolic factors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 71:102382. [PMID: 37307655 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the final output pathway for the brain control of reproduction. The activity of this neuronal population, mainly located at the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, is controlled by a plethora of metabolic signals. However, it has been documented that most of these signal impact on GnRH neurons through indirect neuronal circuits, Kiss1, proopiomelanocortin, and neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide neurons being some of the most prominent mediators. In this context, compelling evidence has been gathered in recent years on the role of a large range of neuropeptides and energy sensors in the regulation of GnRH neuronal activity through both direct and indirect mechanisms. The present review summarizes some of the most prominent recent advances in our understanding of the peripheral factors and central mechanisms involved in the metabolic control of GnRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres-Granados
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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6
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Castiglione R, Vivacqua A, Santoro M, De Rose D, Peluso G, Panza S, Aquila S, D'Agata R. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Acts as Signaling Mediator to Modulate Human Sperm Performance via Targeting Akt, JNK and IRS-1 Cell Signaling Cascades: Novel Insights into Sperm Physiopathology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113844. [PMID: 37298039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the male gonad is a potential target of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We investigated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on sperm function and the molecular mechanisms through which it may act. Semen samples of healthy men were incubated in the presence or absence of a GLP-1 mimetic analog, exendin-4 (Exe). In a different analysis, sperm were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) alone and, in some tubes, TNF-α was added after previous exposure to exendin-4 (Exe). Sperm parameters and protein-kinase B (p-Akt), insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312), and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185) were considered and evaluated. Sperm parameters, when incubated for 4 h in a simple defined balanced salt solution lacking protein, declined progressively with incubation time. The maximum decline was associated with a significant decrease in phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), concomitantly to an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312) and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185). Preincubation with exendin-4 (Exe) prevented this decline and maintained sperm motility (progressive-PM and total-TM). TNF-α exposure resulted in decreased sperm motility (PM and TM) and viability (V) in a concentration-dependent manner. Exe addition attenuated this TNF-α negative effect on sperm parameters. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) also acts by reducing levels of the "negative" kinases p-IRS-1Ser312 and p-JNK. An imbalance involving these three kinases in sperm, as it occurs in somatic cells, is a novel scenario that may participate in sperm physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castiglione
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Peluso
- Unit of Physiophatology of Reproduction, Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Agata
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Pugliese G, de Alteriis G, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Verde L, Zumbolo F, Colao A, Savastano S. Liraglutide and polycystic ovary syndrome: is it only a matter of body weight? J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02084-6. [PMID: 37093453 PMCID: PMC10372121 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a very prevalent disorder among women of reproductive age, there is widespread agreement that until now, no pharmacological options are available to tackle the entire spectrum of clinical manifestations encountered in the clinical practice. Obesity and insulin resistance, which commonly characterized this syndrome, prompted the design of studies investigating the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in PCOS. Indeed, a very impressive number of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews provided robust evidence on the effectiveness of GLP-1RA in PCOS as a new, appealing approach, producing both satisfactory and permanent weight loss, and improvement of insulin resistance at the same time. However, most of the subjects included in the RCTs are PCOS patients with obesity/overweight, whereas a portion of PCOS women, which can even reach 50%, might present a lean phenotype. Moreover, some benefits on clinical and metabolic features of PCOS may not have fully emerged due to the low or medium doses employed in the vast majority of the current studies. Thus, pitfalls in the methodology of these studies have led sometimes to misleading results. In addition, some aspects of GLP-1 beyond weight loss, such as preclinical evidence on GLP-1 effects in directly modulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, or the effects of GLP-1RA on clinical and biochemical expression of hyperandrogenism, still deserve a greater insight, especially in light of a possible therapeutic use in PCOS women independently of obesity. Aim of this review is to further unravel the possible role of GLP-1 in PCOS pathogenesis, tempting to provide additional supports to the rationale of treatment with GLP-1RA in the management of PCOS also independent of weight loss. For this purpose, the outcomes of RCTs investigating in PCOS the anthropometric and metabolic changes have been treated separately to better underpin the effects of GLP-1 RA, in particular liraglutide, beyond weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - G de Alteriis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - G Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - L Barrea
- Department of Humanities, Telematic University Pegaso, Naples, Italy
| | - L Verde
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - F Zumbolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Unesco Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University "Federico II" Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - S Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Khan D, Ojo OO, Woodward ORM, Lewis JE, Sridhar A, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Flatt PR, Moffett RC. Evidence for Involvement of GIP and GLP-1 Receptors and the Gut-Gonadal Axis in Regulating Female Reproductive Function in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121736. [PMID: 36551163 PMCID: PMC9775379 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests crosstalk between reproductive and gut-axis but mechanisms linking metabolism and reproduction are still unclear. The present study evaluated the possible role of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) in reproductive function by examining receptor distribution and the effects of global GIPR and GLP-1R deletion on estrous cycling and reproductive outcomes in mice. GIPR and GLP-1R gene expression were readily detected by PCR in female reproductive tissues including pituitary, ovaries and uterine horn. Protein expression was confirmed with histological visualisation of incretin receptors using GIPR-Cre and GLP1R-Cre mice in which the incretin receptor expressing cells were fluorescently tagged. Functional studies revealed that female GIPR-/- and GLP-1R-/- null mice exhibited significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) deranged estrous cycling compared to wild-type controls, indicative of reduced fertility. Furthermore, only 50% and 16% of female GIPR-/- and GLP-1R-/- mice, respectively produced litters with wild-type males across three breeding cycles. Consistent with a physiological role of incretin receptors in pregnancy outcome, litter size was significantly (p < 0.001-p < 0.05) decreased in GIPR-/- and GLP-1R-/- mice. Treatment with oral metformin (300 mg/kg body-weight), an agent used clinically for treatment of PCOS, for a further two breeding periods showed no amelioration of pregnancy outcome except that litter size in the GIPR-/- group was approximately 2 times greater in the second breeding cycle. These data highlight the significance of incretin receptors in modulation of female reproductive function which may provide future targets for pharmacological intervention in reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-28-7012-3714
| | - Opeolu O. Ojo
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Forensic Science, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Orla RM Woodward
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jo Edward Lewis
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ananyaa Sridhar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R. Charlotte Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Shao S, Zhang X, Xu Q, Pan R, Chen Y. Emerging roles of Glucagon like peptide-1 in the management of autoimmune diseases and diabetes-associated comorbidities. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Izzi-Engbeaya C, Dhillo WS. Gut hormones and reproduction (Hormones intestinalis et reproduction). Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2022; 83:254-257. [PMID: 35750201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction and metabolism are intricately linked. Gut hormones play key roles in the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis, factors that influence the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproductive outcomes. Data from rodent models suggest gut hormones may have direct stimulatory effects on reproductive hormone release. However, the effects of gut hormones on reproductive function in humans is more complex, with possible involvement of direct (e.g. via gut hormone receptor agonism) as well as indirect (e.g. via weight reduction in people with obesity) mechanisms. The use of gut hormone receptor agonists has become an integral part of the management of metabolic diseases (including obesity and type 2 diabetes), with additional indications for their use on the horizon. Future work may identify specific roles for gut hormones receptor agonists in the treatment of reproductive co-morbidities that are increasingly being recognised in people with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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11
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Abstract
One of the complications of chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men, is the high prevalence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which has been recently defined as functional hypogonadism, characterized by low testosterone associated with inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels. Although the pathophysiology of this hormonal imbalance may be related to several factors, including glycemic control, concomitant sleep apnea, insulin resistance, the main role is determined by the degree of central or visceral obesity and the consequent inflammatory state. Several drugs have been developed to treat T2DM such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. All appear to be effective in ameliorating blood glucose control, by lowering inflammation and body weight, and most seem to reduce the risk of micro- and macrovascular damage as a consequence of uncontrolled diabetes. A few studies have evaluated the impact of these drugs on gonadal function in T2DM patients with hypogonadism, with promising results. This review summarizes the main current knowledge of the effects of these new antidiabetic drugs on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, showing their potential future application in addition to glucose control in dysmetabolic male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pelusi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Pelusi,
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Aygun H. Exendin-4 increases absence-like seizures and anxiety-depression-like behaviors in WAG/Rij rats. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 123:108246. [PMID: 34385055 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Epilepsy is a neurological condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone, and its neuroprotective effect was investigated in previous studies. In this study, the effects of exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, were studied in genetic absence epileptic Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk rats (WAG/Rij). WAG/Rij rat is a genetic model of the absence epilepsy and depression-like comorbidity. METHOD We examined the effects of exendin-4 (10, 50 and 100 µg/kg) on the absence seizures (Electrocorticography [ECoG] recordings), anxiety level (open-field test [OF]), and depression-like levels (forced swimming test [FST]) in the WAG/Rij rats. Basal ECoG recording was performed for all rats. Then, exendin-4 (10, 50 or 100 µg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and ECoG recording was made for 180 min. After ECoG recording, forced swimming test and open-field test were applied. RESULTS Administration of 10, 50, or 100 µg/kg exendin-4 increased the duration and number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) considerably without changing the amplitude. The 100 µg/kg dose of exendin-4 was the most effective in increasing the total duration of SWDs. Additionally, all exendin-4 doses increased anxiety level in OF and depression-like level in FST. CONCLUSION Our results showed that exendin-4 increased SWD incidence and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in the WAG/Rij rats. Besides, it was also found that high doses caused the most proabsence effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Aygun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
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13
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Klausen MK, Thomsen M, Wortwein G, Fink-Jensen A. The role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in addictive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:625-641. [PMID: 34532853 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-, alcohol- and tobacco use disorders are a global burden affecting millions of people. Despite decades of research, treatment options are sparse or missing, and relapse rates are high. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released in the small intestines, promotes blood glucose homeostasis, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite. GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, have received attention as a potential anti-addiction treatment. Studies in rodents and non-human primates have demonstrated a reduction in intake of alcohol and drugs of abuse, and clinical trials have been initiated to investigate whether the preclinical findings can be translated to patients. This review will give an overview of current findings and discuss the possible mechanisms of action. We suggest that effects of GLP-1 in alcohol- and substance use disorder is mediated centrally, at least partly through dopamine signalling, but precise mechanisms are still to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kruse Klausen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitta Wortwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Graham DL, Madkour HS, Noble BL, Schatschneider C, Stanwood GD. Long-term functional alterations following prenatal GLP-1R activation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106984. [PMID: 33864929 PMCID: PMC8555578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues to pharmacologically treat disorders beyond type 2 diabetes and obesity is increasing. However, little is known about how activation of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) during pregnancy affects maternal and offspring outcomes. We treated female C57Bl/6 J mice prior to conception and throughout gestation with a long-lasting GLP-1R agonist, Exendin-4. While GLP-1R activation has significant effects on food and drug reward, depression, locomotor activity, and cognition in adults, we found few changes in these domains in exendin-4-exposed offspring. Repeated injections of Exendin-4 had minimal effects on the dams and may have enhanced maternal care. Offspring exposed to the drug weighed significantly more than their control counterparts during the preweaning period and demonstrated alterations in anxiety-like outcomes, which indicate a developmental role for GLP-1R modulation in the stress response that may be sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Haley S Madkour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Brenda L Noble
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Chris Schatschneider
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America.
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15
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Guerrero-Hreins E, Goldstone AP, Brown RM, Sumithran P. The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues for stress-related eating and role of GLP-1 in stress, emotion and mood: a review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110303. [PMID: 33741445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress and low mood are powerful triggers for compulsive overeating, a maladaptive form of eating leading to negative physical and mental health consequences. Stress-vulnerable individuals, such as people with obesity, are particularly prone to overconsumption of high energy foods and may use it as a coping mechanism for general life stressors. Recent advances in the treatment of obesity and related co-morbidities have focused on the therapeutic potential of anorexigenic gut hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which acts both peripherally and centrally to reduce energy intake. Besides its appetite suppressing effect, GLP-1 acts on areas of the brain involved in stress response and emotion regulation. However, the role of GLP-1 in emotion and stress regulation, and whether it is a viable treatment for stress-induced compulsive overeating, has yet to be established. A thorough review of the pre-clinical literature measuring markers of stress, anxiety and mood after GLP-1 exposure points to potential divergent effects based on temporality. Specifically, acute GLP-1 injection consistently stimulates the physiological stress response in rodents whereas long-term exposure indicates anxiolytic and anti-depressive benefits. However, the limited clinical evidence is not as clear cut. While prolonged GLP-1 analogue treatment in people with type 2 diabetes improved measures of mood and general psychological wellbeing, the mechanisms underlying this may be confounded by associated weight loss and improved blood glucose control. There is a paucity of longitudinal clinical literature on mechanistic pathways by which stress influences eating behavior and how centrally-acting gut hormones such as GLP-1, can modify these. (250).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robyn M Brown
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Dept. of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Cignarelli A, Genchi VA, D’Oria R, Giordano F, Caruso I, Perrini S, Natalicchio A, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Role of Glucose-Lowering Medications in Erectile Dysfunction. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112501. [PMID: 34198786 PMCID: PMC8201035 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a long-term complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) widely known to affect the quality of life. Several aspects of altered metabolism in individuals with T2D may help to compromise the penile vasculature structure and functions, thus exacerbating the imbalance between smooth muscle contractility and relaxation. Among these, advanced glycation end-products and reactive oxygen species derived from a hyperglycaemic state are known to accelerate endothelial dysfunction by lowering nitric oxide bioavailability, the essential stimulus of relaxation. Although several studies have explained the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the generation of erectile failure, few studies to date have described the efficacy of glucose-lowering medications in the restoration of normal sexual activity. Herein, we will present current knowledge about the main starters of the pathophysiology of diabetic ED and explore the role of different anti-diabetes therapies in the potential remission of ED, highlighting specific pathways whose activation or inhibition could be fundamental for sexual care in a diabetes setting.
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17
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Holt MK, Rinaman L. The role of nucleus of the solitary tract glucagon-like peptide-1 and prolactin-releasing peptide neurons in stress: anatomy, physiology and cellular interactions. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:642-658. [PMID: 34050926 PMCID: PMC8820208 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine, behavioural and autonomic responses to stressful stimuli are orchestrated by complex neural circuits. The caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) in the dorsomedial hindbrain is uniquely positioned to integrate signals of both interoceptive and psychogenic stress. Within the cNTS, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and prolactin‐releasing peptide (PrRP) neurons play crucial roles in organising neural responses to a broad range of stressors. In this review we discuss the anatomical and functional overlap between PrRP and GLP‐1 neurons. We outline their co‐activation in response to stressful stimuli and their importance as mediators of behavioural and physiological stress responses. Finally, we review evidence that PrRP neurons are downstream of GLP‐1 neurons and outline unexplored areas of the research field. Based on the current state‐of‐knowledge, PrRP and GLP‐1 neurons may be compelling targets in the treatment of stress‐related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Rinaman
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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18
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Tanday N, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Metabolic responses and benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor ligands. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:526-541. [PMID: 33822370 PMCID: PMC8820187 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that has undergone a revolutionary turnaround from discovery to clinically approved therapeutic. Rapid progress in drug design and formulation has led from initial development of short- and long-acting drugs suitable for daily or weekly parenteral administration, respectively, through to the most recent approval of an orally active GLP-1 agent. The current review outlines the biological action profile of GLP-1 including the various beneficial metabolic responses in pancreatic and extra-pancreatic tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, bone and kidney as well as the reproductive cardiovascular and CNS. We then briefly consider clinically approved GLP-1 receptor ligands and recent advances in this field. Given the sustained evolution in the area of GLP-1 drug development and excellent safety profile, as well as the plethora of metabolic benefits, clinical approval for use in diseases beyond diabetes and obesity is very much conceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Tanday
- Diabetes Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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19
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Tao T, Zhang Y, Zhu YC, Fu JR, Wang YY, Cai J, Ma JY, Xu Y, Gao YN, Sun Y, Fan W, Liu W. Exenatide, Metformin, or Both for Prediabetes in PCOS: A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Controlled Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1420-e1432. [PMID: 32995892 PMCID: PMC8244122 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Up to 40% of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have prediabetes; an optimal pharmacotherapy regimen for diabetes prevention in PCOS is yet to be established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical efficacy of exenatide (EX), metformin (MET), or combination (COM) for prediabetes in PCOS. DESIGN Randomized, open-label, parallel-group controlled trial. SETTING Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. PATIENTS PCOS with prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and/or 2 hour post glucose 7.8-11.0 mmol/L on oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). A total of 150 out of 183 eligible enrollees completed the study. INTERVENTION EX (10-20μg daily), MET (1500-2000 mg daily), or COM (EX plus MET) for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sustained remission rate of prediabetes (primary endpoint, a normal OGTT after 12 weeks of treatment followed by 12 weeks of washout on no drug treatment) along with anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic, and pancreatic β-cell function parameters (secondary endpoints) and potential mechanisms were assessed. RESULTS Impaired glucose tolerance was found the dominant prediabetes phenotype. Overall sustained prediabetes remission rate was 50.7%. Remission rate of COM group (64%, 32/50) or EX group (56%, 28/50) was significantly higher than that of the MET group (32%, 16/50) (P = .003 and .027, respectively). EX was associated with superior suppression of 2-hour glucose increment in OGTT. A 2-step hyperglycemic clamp study revealed that EX had led to higher postprandial insulin secretion than MET, potentially explaining the higher remission rate. CONCLUSIONS Compared with MET monotherapy, EX or COM achieved higher rate of remission of prediabetes among PCOS patients by improving postprandial insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Tao Tao, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200127, China. E-mail:
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Rong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ning Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - WuQiang Fan
- Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Antinozzi C, Lista M, Caponecchia L, Salacone P, Minganti C, Battaglia FA, Di Luigi L, Sgrò P. Exploratory Analysis in the Differences in Blood Serum and Seminal Plasma of Adipose-Tissue Related Peptides in Obese and Non-Obese Men and Their Correlations With Semen Parameters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681939. [PMID: 34393997 PMCID: PMC8355985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating the relationship between circulating metabolic biomarkers and semen parameters in obese, overweight and normal-weight patients. METHODS Patients were recruited at the "Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit", in Santa Maria Goretti Hospital. Divided into three groups were 98 participants (obese, overweight and normal-weight patients) according to BMI and were analyzed for three adipokines and six hormone peptides in blood serum and seminal plasma using Luminex assay. Standard semen analysis was performed for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, morphology and leukocytes. RESULTS In all groups of subjects, we observed a higher concentration of blood serum c-peptide, GIP, PAI-1, leptin, ghrelin and GLP-1 in comparison to seminal plasma; differently, higher levels in seminal plasma were observed for insulin and visfatin. In comparison to the non-obese subjects, obese subjects showed a higher blood serum concentration of c-peptide, GLP-1, GIP and leptin and a higher concentration of seminal plasma of GIP and insulin. Total sperm count, progressive motility, motility, and atypical forms directly correlated with PAI-1 and visfatin, whereas GLP-1 directly correlated only with total progressive motility. CONCLUSION Obese men showed a different pattern of blood serum and seminal plasma adipokines and hormone peptides concentrations in comparison to normal-weight men. Furthermore, these molecules correlated with functional seminal parameters. Our findings support the option to consider these molecules as new biomarkers and pharmacological targets for a new therapeutic approach in male infertility. However, further studies identifying other potential biomarkers of male infertility with important clinical implication and characterizing their mechanisms of action are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Antinozzi,
| | - Marco Lista
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Caponecchia
- Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Pietro Salacone
- Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Minganti
- Unit of Sport Medicine, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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21
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Pereira SC, Crisóstomo L, Sousa M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Metabolic diseases affect male reproduction and induce signatures in gametes that may compromise the offspring health. Environ Epigenet 2020; 6:dvaa019. [PMID: 33324496 PMCID: PMC7722800 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases worldwide are non-communicable such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Noteworthy, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is expected to steadily increase in the next decades, mostly fueled by bad feeding habits, stress, and sedentarism. The reproductive function of individuals is severely affected by abnormal metabolic environments, both at mechanical and biochemical levels. Along with mechanical dysfunctions, and decreased sperm quality (promoted both directly and indirectly by metabolic abnormalities), several studies have already reported the potentially harmful effects of metabolic disorders in the genetic and epigenetic cargo of spermatozoa, and the epigenetic inheritance of molecular signatures induced by metabolic profile (paternal diet, obesity, and diabetes). The inheritance of epigenetic factors towards the development of metabolic abnormalities means that more people in reproductive age can potentially suffer from these disorders and for longer periods. In its turn, these individuals can also transmit this (epi)genetic information to future generations, creating a vicious cycle. In this review, we collect the reported harmful effects related to acquired metabolic disorders and diet in sperm parameters and male reproductive potential. Besides, we will discuss the novel findings regarding paternal epigenetic inheritance, particularly the ones induced by paternal diet rich in fats, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. We analyze the data attained with in vitro and animal models as well as in long-term transgenerational population studies. Although the findings on this topic are very recent, epigenetic inheritance of metabolic disease has a huge societal impact, which may be crucial to tackle the 'fat epidemic' efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Pereira
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Crisóstomo
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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22
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Vastagh C, Farkas I, Scott MM, Liposits Z. Networking of glucagon-like peptide-1 axons with GnRH neurons in the basal forebrain of male mice revealed by 3DISCO-based immunocytochemistry and optogenetics. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 226:105-120. [PMID: 33169188 PMCID: PMC7817561 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates reproduction centrally, although, the neuroanatomical basis of the process is unknown. Therefore, the putative networking of the central GLP-1 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) systems was addressed in male mice using whole mount immunocytochemistry and optogenetics. Enhanced antibody penetration and optical clearing procedures applied to 500–1000 µm thick basal forebrain slices allowed the simultaneous visualization of the two distinct systems in the basal forebrain. Beaded GLP-1-IR axons innervated about a quarter of GnRH neurons (23.2 ± 1.4%) forming either single or multiple contacts. GnRH dendrites received a more intense GLP-1 innervation (64.6 ± 0.03%) than perikarya (35.4 ± 0.03%). The physiological significance of the innervation was examined by optogenetic activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-expressing axons of preproglucagon (GCG) neurons upon the firing of GnRH neurons by patch clamp electrophysiology in acute brain slices of triple transgenic mice (Gcg-cre/ChR2/GFP-GnRH). High-frequency laser beam stimulation (20 Hz, 10 ms pulse width, 3 mW laser power) of ChR2-expressing GCG axons in the mPOA increased the firing rate of GnRH neurons (by 75 ± 17.3%, p = 0.0007). Application of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin-3-(9-39) (1 μM), prior to the photo-stimulation, abolished the facilitatory effect. In contrast, low-frequency trains of laser pulses (0.2 Hz, 60 pulses) had no effect on the spontaneous postsynaptic currents of GnRH neurons. The findings indicate a direct wiring of GLP-1 neurons with GnRH cells which route is excitatory for the GnRH system. The pathway may relay metabolic signals to GnRH neurons and synchronize metabolism with reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Vastagh
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Farkas
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael M Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
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23
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Papaetis GS, Filippou PK, Constantinidou KG, Stylianou CS. Liraglutide: New Perspectives for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Clin Drug Investig 2020; 40:695-713. [PMID: 32583294 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-020-00942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex and heterogenous disorder involving multiple organ systems and different molecular pathways. It is tightly associated with obesity and especially abdominal obesity. As body weight reduction is the main modifiable risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome, therapeutic approaches in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome have been developed. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that promotes sustained weight loss, as well as abdominal fat reduction, in individuals with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The majority of current clinical studies have demonstrated that liraglutide therapy achieved significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, and abdominal circumference in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Liraglutide therapy promoted significant improvements in free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in some studies. Important metabolic and hormonal improvements were also reported after the combination of liraglutide with metformin. Increased menstrual frequency, as well as potential positive effects in reproduction, were described. However, the small number of participants, short duration, and low daily liraglutide dose are some of the main limitations of these studies. Larger and longer, multi-centred, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of liraglutide monotherapy or combination therapy, with prolonged post-interventional monitoring, are crucially anticipated. Metabolic, hormonal, and reproductive primary outcomes should be uniformly addressed, to tailor future targeted treatment approaches, according to the patient phenotype and needs. This will improve long-term therapeutic outcomes in this population.
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López-Ferreras L, Eerola K, Shevchouk OT, Richard JE, Nilsson FH, Jansson LE, Hayes MR, Skibicka KP. The supramammillary nucleus controls anxiety-like behavior; key role of GLP-1R. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104720. [PMID: 32563174 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent categories of mental illnesses. The gut-brain axis, along with gastrointestinally-derived neuropeptides, like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are emerging as potential key regulators of emotionality, including anxiety behavior. However, the neuroanatomical substrates from which GLP-1 exerts its anxiogenic effect remain poorly characterized. Here we focus on a relatively new candidate nucleus, the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), located just caudal to the lateral hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral tegmental area. Our focus on the SuM is supported by previous data showing expression of GLP-1R mRNA throughout the SuM and activation of the SuM during anxiety-inducing behaviors in rodents. Data show that chemogenetic activation of neurons in the SuM results in an anxiolytic response in male and female rats. In contrast, selective activation of SuM GLP-1R, by microinjection of a GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 into the SuM resulted in potent anxiety-like behavior, measured in both open field and elevated plus maze tests in male and female rats. This anxiogenic effect of GLP-1R activation persisted after high-fat diet exposure. Importantly, reduction of GLP-1R expression in the SuM, by AAV-shRNA GLP-1R knockdown, resulted in a clear anxiolytic response; an effect only observed in female rats. Our data identify a new neural substrate for GLP-1 control of anxiety-like behavior and indicate that the SuM GLP-1R are sufficient for anxiogenesis in both sexes, but necessary only in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Ferreras
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Eerola
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Centre of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - O T Shevchouk
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J E Richard
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F H Nilsson
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L E Jansson
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K P Skibicka
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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25
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Caltabiano R, Condorelli D, Panza S, Boitani C, Musso N, Ježek D, Memeo L, Colarossi L, Rago V, Mularoni V, Spadola S, Castiglione R, Santoro M, Aquila S, D'Agata R. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is expressed in human and rodent testis. Andrology 2020; 8:1935-1945. [PMID: 33460247 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-l (GLP-1) is an important regulator of post-prandial insulin secretion, acting through a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor (GLP-1R). In addition to its expression in pancreatic β-cells, several studies suggested that GLP-1R is located in extra-pancreatic tissues. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined for the first time the testicular distribution of the GLP-1R, both in normal human and neoplastic testicular tissues as well as in rodent testis and rodent testicular cell lines. METHODS AND METHODS The GLP-1R distribution in testicular section has been evaluated by immunohistochemistry, the specificity of IHC was validated by demonstrating a positive staining for GLP-1RmRNA by RISH technology. While GLP-1R expression in terms of protein was detected by western blot analysis, Moreover, mRNA levels were determined in human testis, in rodent Leydig, and Sertoli cell lines. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistrya specific staining for GLP-1R was detected in Leydig cells. The specificity of IHC was validated by demonstrating a positive staining for GLP-1RmRNA only in these cell types. Species differences in the GLP-1R expression between humans and rodents were observed. Interestingly, a decreased expression of the receptor in rodent tumor Leydig cell line and an absence in human Leydig tumor samples was detected. DISCUSSION It may be hypothesized that GLP-1R acts like an oncosuppressor in Leydig tumors. A role in regulation of hormone secretion by GLP-1 has been shown in other endocrine cells, therefore we hypothesized that GLP-1R is able to modulate somehow the Leydig cell function. CONCLUSION In our findings, a careful evaluation of human testicular tissues and rodent testis revealed Leydig cells as a potential target for GLP-1. Collectively, an effect of GLP-1R in Leydig cell function may be presumed although future studies are needed to ascertain the GLP-1R's role both in normal and tumor Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Caltabiano
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia"- Section of Anatomical Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carla Boitani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, Orthopedics, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davor Ježek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Division of Pathology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colarossi
- Division of Pathology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Catania, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Mularoni
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, Orthopedics, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Saveria Spadola
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia"- Section of Anatomical Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Castiglione
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Agata
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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26
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Bolze F, Williams H, Bhuwania R, Egecioglu E, Bloem E, Paulsson JF, Pedersen MØ, Broadmeadow A, Chesher CJ, Moore EL, Skydsgaard M, Galle PS, Dalgaard M, Wulff BS, Tena-Sempere M, Andersen LW. Kisspeptin-52 partially rescues the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in underweight male rats dosed with an anti-obesity compound. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115152. [PMID: 32726590 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism and reproduction are closely linked and reciprocally regulated. The detrimental effect of underweight on reproduction complicates the safety evaluation of anti-obesity drugs, making it challenging to distinguish pathological changes mediated through the intended drug-induced weight loss from direct drug effects on reproductive organs. Four-weeks dosing of normal weight Sprague Dawley rats with a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)/glucagon receptor co-agonist induced a robust weight loss, accompanied by histological findings in prostate, seminal vesicles, mammary glands, uterus/cervix and vagina. Characterization of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in male rats revealed reduced hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA levels and decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations following co-agonist dosing. These alterations resemble hypogonadotropic hypogonadism typically seen in adverse energy deprived conditions, like chronic food restriction. Concomitant daily administration of kisspeptin-52 from day 21 to the end of the four-week co-agonist dosing period evoked LH and testosterone responses without normalizing histological findings. This incomplete rescue by kisspeptin-52 may be due to the rather short kisspeptin-52 treatment period combined with a desensitization observed on testosterone responses. Concomitant leptin treatment from day 21 did not reverse co-agonist induced changes in HPG axis activity. Furthermore, a single co-agonist injection in male rats slightly elevated LH levels but left testosterone unperturbed, thereby excluding a direct acute inhibitory effect on the HPG axis. Our data suggest that the reproductive phenotype after repeated co-agonist administration was driven by the intended weight loss, however, we cannot exclude a direct organ related effect in chronically treated rats.
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27
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Jensterle M, Janez A, Fliers E, DeVries JH, Vrtacnik-Bokal E, Siegelaar SE. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in reproduction: from physiology to therapeutic perspective. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:504-517. [PMID: 31260047 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become firmly established in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, disorders frequently associated with diminished reproductive health. Understanding of the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs in reproduction is currently limited and largely unaddressed in clinical studies. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of GLP-1 in reproduction and to address a therapeutic perspective that can be derived from these findings. SEARCH METHODS We performed a series of PubMed database systemic searches, last updated on 1 February 2019, supplemented by the authors' knowledge and research experience in the field. A search algorithm was developed incorporating the terms glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, GLP-1R, or incretins, and this was combined with terms related to reproductive health. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework was used to identify interventional studies including GLP-1 RAs and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which prevent the degradation of endogenously released GLP-1. We identified 983 potentially relevant references. At the end of the screening process, we included 6 observational (3 preclinical and 3 human) studies, 24 interventional (9 preclinical and 15 human) studies, 4 case reports, and 1 systematic and 2 narrative reviews. OUTCOMES The anatomical distribution of GLP-1 receptor throughout the reproductive system and observed effects of GLP-1 in preclinical models and in a few clinical studies indicate that GLP-1 might be one of the important modulating signals connecting the reproductive and metabolic system. The outcomes show that there is mostly stimulating role of GLP-1 and its mimetics in mammalian reproduction that goes beyond mere weight reduction. In addition, GLP-1 seems to have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in the gonads and the endometrium affected by obesity, diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It also seems that GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors can reverse polycystic ovary morphology in preclinical models and decrease serum concentrations of androgens and their bioavailability in women with PCOS. Preliminary data from interventional clinical studies suggest improved menstrual regularity as well as increased fertility rates in overweight and/or obese women with PCOS treated with GLP-1 RAs in the preconception period. WIDER IMPLICATIONS GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors show promise in the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related subfertility. Larger interventional studies are needed to establish the role of preconception intervention with GLP-1 based therapies, assessing fertility outcomes in obesity, PCOS, and diabetes-related fertility problems. The potential impact of the dose- and exposure time-response of different GLP-1 RAs need further exploration. Future research should also investigate sex-specific variability of GLP-1 on reproductive outcomes, in particular on the gonads where the observations in males are most conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eda Vrtacnik-Bokal
- Department of Human Reproduction, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva ulica 03, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sarah E Siegelaar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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Rago V, De Rose D, Santoro M, Panza S, Malivindi R, Andò S, D'Agata R, Aquila S. Human Sperm Express the Receptor for Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Which Affects Sperm Function and Metabolism. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5802751. [PMID: 32157297 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) produces pleiotropic effects binding to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1-R), potentiating insulin secretion in the pancreas. GLP1-R is expressed in peripheral tissues and evidence for its role in reproduction has come from knockout mice, although the relationship between GLP-1 and male fertility needs to be clarified. Given that human sperm is an insulin-sensitive and insulin-secreting cell, we hypothesized that the GLP-1/GLP1-R axis may be expressed and functional in these cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We revealed the presence of GLP1-R by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Because Exendin-4 (Ex-4) displays similar functional properties to native GLP-1, we used this agonist to perform a dose-response study on progressive motility and cholesterol efflux, showing that 300 pM Ex-4 was the most effective treatment. These actions are mediated by GLP1-R and independent from sperm-secreted insulin. The exposure to Ex-4 fueled phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling and was reversed by H89, indicating a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependence of GLP-1/GLP1-R signaling. It emerged that in sperm, insulin secretion regulated by Ex-4 did not occur in a strictly glucose-dependent manner. A stimulatory action of Ex-4/GLP1-R on lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities was observed. Ex-4/GLP1-R decreased triglycerides content concomitantly to enhanced lipase and acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenase activities, addressing a lipolytic effect. CONCLUSION Collectively, we discovered that human sperm is a new GLP1 incretin target, broadening our knowledge about the effects of the GLP1-R agonist in the male reproductive field. Further findings in humans should be conducted in the future to confirm it and to improve the translational aspect of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Agata
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy and Sciences of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria Cosenza, Italy
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29
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Abstract
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is best known as an incretin hormone released by enteroendocrine K-cells in response to feeding and stimulates insulin release to regulate blood glucose and nutrient homeostasis. More recently GIP has been ascribed a positive role in lipid metabolism, bone strength, cardiovascular function and cognition. The present paper considers an emerging role of GIP and related gut hormones in fertility and especially polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Key evidence concerns restoration of fertility in women with gross obesity and PCOS following bariatric surgery. This is considered to reflect indirect effects mediated by alleviation of insulin resistance together with possible direct effects of surgically induced changes of GIP, GLP-1 and related peptide hormones on ovaries and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Further studies are required to determine inter-relationships between the hormones and cellular mechanisms involved but these observations suggest that GIP and other gut may provide a novel therapeutic approach for PCOS and other reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Violetta Naughton
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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30
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Jensterle M, Podbregar A, Goricar K, Gregoric N, Janez A. Effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:195-202. [PMID: 30707677 PMCID: PMC6391904 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle measures (LSMs) should be the first-line approach offered for obesity-related functional hypogonadism (FH). When LSMs fail, the role of testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) is unclear. GLP1 receptor agonist liraglutide is linked to progressive and sustained weight loss. A potential direct impact of GLP1 on hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis was reported in animal models. We aimed to compare the effects of liraglutide and TRT on FH in obese men that had been poor responders to LSM, by means of reversal of FH and weight reduction. We designed a 16-week prospective randomized open-label study with 30 men (aged 46.5 ± 10.9 years, BMI 41.2 ± 8.4 kg/m2, mean ± s.d.) that were randomized to liraglutide 3.0 mg QD (LIRA) or 50 mg of 1% transdermal gel QD (TRT). Sexual function and anthropometric measures were assessed. Fasting blood was drawn for determination of endocrine and metabolic parameters followed by OGTT. Model-derived parameters including HOMAIR and calculated free testosterone (cFT) were calculated. Total testosterone significantly increased in both arms (+5.9 ± 7.2 in TRT vs +2.6 ± 3.5 nmol/L in LIRA) and led to improved sexual function. LIRA resulted in a significant increase of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (P < 0.001 for between-treatment effect). Subjects treated with LIRA lost on average 7.9 ± 3.8 kg compared with a 0.9 ± 4.5 kg loss in TRT (P < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome was resolved in two patients in LIRA and in no subjects in TRT. Liraglutide was superior to TRT in improving an overall health benefit in men with obesity-associated FH after LSM failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Podbregar
- University Rehabilitation Institute Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Goricar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Gregoric
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Janez:
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31
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Abstract
A minimum amount of energy is required for basic physiological processes, such as protein biosynthesis, thermoregulation, locomotion, cardiovascular function, and digestion. However, for reproductive function and survival of the species, extra energy stores are necessary. Production of sex hormones and gametes, pubertal development, pregnancy, lactation, and parental care all require energy reserves. Thus the physiological systems that control energy homeostasis and reproductive function coevolved in mammals to support both individual health and species subsistence. In this review, we aim to gather scientific knowledge produced by laboratories around the world on the role of the brain in integrating metabolism and reproduction. We describe essential neuronal networks, highlighting key nodes and potential downstream targets. Novel animal models and genetic tools have produced substantial advances, but critical gaps remain. In times of soaring worldwide obesity and metabolic dysfunction, understanding the mechanisms by which metabolic stress alters reproductive physiology has become crucial for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio ; and Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol F Elias
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio ; and Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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32
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Martins AD, Monteiro MP, Silva BM, Barros A, Sousa M, Carvalho RA, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Metabolic dynamics of human Sertoli cells are differentially modulated by physiological and pharmacological concentrations of GLP-1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 362:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Woods SC, May-Zhang AA, Begg DP. How and why do gastrointestinal peptides influence food intake? Physiol Behav 2018; 193:218-222. [PMID: 29577941 PMCID: PMC6087670 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ability of some gastrointestinal hormones to reliably reduce meal size when administered prior to a meal, it is not understood why the repeated administration or genetic knockout of these hormones appear largely ineffective in reducing food intake and body weight. Here, we review evidence that the ability of GI peptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK) to elicit satiation is a consequence of prior learning. Evidence includes first, that the ability of some of these signals to modify food intake depends upon past experience and is malleable with new experience. Additionally, the ability of CCK and other gut signals to reduce food intake may not be hard-wired; i.e., any so-called "satiation" signal that reduces food intake in a single-meal situation may not continue to do so over repeated trials. The individual will respond to the signal only so long as it provides reliable information about caloric content. If a particular signal becomes unreliable, the individual will rely on other signals to end meals. Thus, gut peptides/hormones have important metabolic effects such as mediating absorption, digestion, and many aspects of the distribution of ingested nutrients throughout the body; and, if they have been reliably associated with natural stimuli that mediate satiation, they also inform behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, United States.
| | - Aaron A May-Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Stengel A, Taché Y. Gut-Brain Neuroendocrine Signaling Under Conditions of Stress-Focus on Food Intake-Regulatory Mediators. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:498. [PMID: 30210455 PMCID: PMC6122076 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis represents a bidirectional communication route between the gut and the central nervous system comprised of neuronal as well as humoral signaling. This system plays an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal as well as homeostatic functions such as hunger and satiety. Recent years also witnessed an increased knowledge on the modulation of this axis under conditions of exogenous or endogenous stressors. The present review will discuss the alterations of neuroendocrine gut-brain signaling under conditions of stress and the respective implications for the regulation of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvette Taché
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Nishiyama Y, Hasegawa T, Fujita S, Iwata N, Nagao S, Hosoya T, Inagaki K, Wada J, Otsuka F. Incretins modulate progesterone biosynthesis by regulating bone morphogenetic protein activity in rat granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:82-88. [PMID: 29129645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of incretins on ovarian steroidogenesis have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the effects of incretins, including GIP and GLP-1, on ovarian steroidogenesis using rat primary granulosa cells. Treatment with incretins significantly suppressed progesterone synthesis in the presence of FSH, and the effect of GIP was more potent than that of GLP-1. In contrast, incretins had no significant effect on estrogen synthesis by rat granulosa cells. In accordance with the effects of incretins on steroidogenesis, GIP and GLP-1 suppressed the expression of progesterogenic factors and enzymes, including StAR, P450scc, 3βHSD, but not P450arom, and cellular cAMP synthesis induced by FSH. In addition, incretins moderately increased FSHR mRNA expression in granulosa cells. Of note, treatment with GIP, but not treatment with GLP-1, augmented Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and transcription of the BMP target gene Id-1 induced by BMP-6 stimulation, suggesting that GIP upregulates BMP receptor signaling that can inhibit FSH-induced progesterone synthesis in rat granulosa cells. On the other hand, BMP-6 treatment suppressed the expression of GIP receptor but not that of GLP-1 receptor. Expression of the BMP type-I receptor ALK-3 was upregulated by treatment with GIP and GLP-1 and that of ALK-6 was also increased by GIP, while inhibitory Smad6 expression was impaired by GIP and GLP-1 in rat granulosa cells. Collectively, the results indicate that incretins, particularly GIP, impair FSH-induced progesterone production, at least in part, by upregulating BMP signaling in rat granulosa cells. The modulatory effects of incretins on endogenous BMP activity may be applicable to treatment of dysregulated steroidogenesis such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishiyama
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Hasegawa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujita
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoko Nagao
- Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hosoya
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inagaki
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Departments of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Shah HS, Morieri ML, Marcovina SM, Sigal RJ, Gerstein HC, Wagner MJ, Motsinger-Reif AA, Buse JB, Kraft P, Mychaleckyj JC, Doria A. Modulation of GLP-1 Levels by a Genetic Variant That Regulates the Cardiovascular Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control in ACCORD. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:348-355. [PMID: 29183908 PMCID: PMC5780047 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A genome-wide association study in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial identified two markers (rs57922 and rs9299870) that were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality during intensive glycemic control and could potentially be used, when combined into a genetic risk score (GRS), to identify patients with diabetes likely to derive benefit from intensive control rather than harm. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the pathways involved in the modulatory effect of these variants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting levels of 65 biomarkers were measured at baseline and at 12 months of follow-up in the ACCORD-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) MRI substudy (n = 562). Using linear regression models, we tested the association of the GRS with baseline and 12-month biomarker levels, and with their difference (Δ), among white subjects, with genotype data (n = 351) stratified by intervention arm. RESULTS A significant association was observed between GRS and ΔGLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1, active) in the intensive arm (P = 3 × 10-4). This effect was driven by rs57922 (P = 5 × 10-4). C/C homozygotes, who had been found to derive cardiovascular benefits from intensive treatment, showed a 22% increase in GLP-1 levels during follow-up. By contrast, T/T homozygotes, who had been found to experience increased cardiac mortality with intensive treatment, showed a 28% reduction in GLP-1 levels. No association between ΔGLP-1 and GRS or rs57922 was observed in the standard treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS Differences in GLP-1 axis activation may mediate the modulatory effect of variant rs57922 on the cardiovascular response to intensive glycemic control. These findings highlight the importance of GLP-1 as a cardioprotective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal S Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mario Luca Morieri
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Santica M Marcovina
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, and Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences, and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Department of Medicine and the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, and Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center and Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - John B Buse
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Ghosal S, Packard AEB, Mahbod P, McKlveen JM, Seeley RJ, Myers B, Ulrich-Lai Y, Smith EP, D'Alessio DA, Herman JP. Disruption of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling in Sim1 Neurons Reduces Physiological and Behavioral Reactivity to Acute and Chronic Stress. J Neurosci 2017; 37:184-93. [PMID: 28053040 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1104-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Organismal stress initiates a tightly orchestrated set of responses involving complex physiological and neurocognitive systems. Here, we present evidence for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-mediated paraventricular hypothalamic circuit coordinating the global stress response. The GLP-1 receptor (Glp1r) in mice was knocked down in neurons expressing single-minded 1, a transcription factor abundantly expressed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Mice with single-minded 1-mediated Glp1r knockdown had reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to both acute and chronic stress and were protected against weight loss associated with chronic stress. In addition, regional Glp1r knockdown attenuated stress-induced cardiovascular responses accompanied by decreased sympathetic drive to the heart. Finally, Glp1r knockdown reduced anxiety-like behavior, implicating PVN GLP-1 signaling in behavioral stress reactivity. Collectively, these findings support a circuit whereby brainstem GLP-1 activates PVN signaling to mount an appropriate whole-organism response to stress. These results raise the possibility that dysfunction of this system may contribute to stress-related pathologies, and thereby provide a novel target for intervention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dysfunctional stress responses are linked to a number of somatic and psychiatric diseases, emphasizing the importance of precise neuronal control of effector pathways. Pharmacological evidence suggests a role for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in modulating stress responses. Using a targeted knockdown of the GLP-1 receptor in the single-minded 1 neurons, we show dependence of paraventricular nucleus GLP-1 signaling in the coordination of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to acute and chronic stress. To our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of an obligate brainstem-to-hypothalamus circuit orchestrating general stress excitation across multiple effector systems. These findings provide novel information regarding signaling pathways coordinating central control of whole-body stress reactivity.
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38
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Heppner KM, Baquero AF, Bennett CM, Lindsley SR, Kirigiti MA, Bennett B, Bosch MA, Mercer AJ, Rønnekleiv OK, True C, Grove KL, Smith MS. GLP-1R Signaling Directly Activates Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Action in Brain Slices but Does not Rescue Luteinizing Hormone Inhibition in Ovariectomized Mice During Negative Energy Balance. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO. [PMID: 28144621 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0198-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) are key components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, as they regulate the basal pulsatile release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). ARC Kiss1 action is dependent on energy status, and unmasking metabolic factors responsible for modulating ARC Kiss1 neurons is of great importance. One possible factor is glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an anorexigenic neuropeptide produced by brainstem preproglucagon neurons. Because GLP fiber projections and the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are abundant in the ARC, we hypothesized that GLP-1R signaling could modulate ARC Kiss1 action. Using ovariectomized mice, we found that GLP-producing fibers come in close apposition with ARC Kiss1 neurons; these neurons also contain Glp1r mRNA. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that liraglutide (a long-acting GLP-1R agonist) increased action potential firing and caused a direct membrane depolarization of ARC Kiss1 cells in brain slices. We determined that brainstem preproglucagon mRNA is decreased after a 48-h fast in mice, a negative energy state in which ARC Kiss1 expression and downstream GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) release are potently suppressed. However, activation of GLP-1R signaling in fasted mice with liraglutide was not sufficient to prevent LH inhibition. Furthermore, chronic central infusions of the GLP-1R antagonist, exendin(9–39), in ad libitum–fed mice did not alter ARC Kiss1 mRNA or plasma LH. As a whole, these data identify a novel interaction of the GLP-1 system with ARC Kiss1 neurons but indicate that CNS GLP-1R signaling alone is not critical for the maintenance of LH during fasting or normal feeding.
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39
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Cardoso AM, Alves MG, Mathur PP, Oliveira PF, Cavaco JE, Rato L. Obesogens and male fertility. Obes Rev 2017; 18:109-125. [PMID: 27776203 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, several studies evidenced a decrease in male fertility in developed countries. Although the aetiology of this trend in male reproductive health remains a matter of debate, environmental compounds that predispose to weight gain, namely obesogens, are appointed as contributors because of their action as endocrine disruptors. Obesogens favour adipogenesis by an imbalance of metabolic processes and can be found virtually everywhere. These compounds easily accumulate in tissues with high lipid content. Obesogens change the functioning of male reproductive axis, and, consequently, the testicular physiology and metabolism that are pivotal for spermatogenesis. The disruption of these tightly regulated metabolic pathways leads to adverse reproductive outcomes. Notably, adverse effects of obesogens may also promote disturbances in the metabolic performance of the following generations, through epigenetic modifications passed by male gametes. Thus, unveiling the molecular pathways by which obesogens induce toxicity that may end up in epigenetic modifications is imperative. Otherwise, a transgenerational susceptibility to metabolic diseases may be favoured. We present an up-to-date overview of the impact of obesogens on testicular physiology, with a particular focus on testicular metabolism. We also address the effects of obesogens on male reproductive parameters and the subsequent consequences for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M G Alves
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - P P Mathur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India.,KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J E Cavaco
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L Rato
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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40
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Rubio-Cabezas O, Gómez JL, Gleisner A, Hattersley AT, Codner E. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Short Stature in Patients with Diabetes Due to Neurogenin 3 Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3555-3558. [PMID: 27533310 PMCID: PMC5052352 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biallelic mutations in NEUROG3 are known to cause early-onset malabsorptive diarrhea due to congenital anendocrinosis and diabetes mellitus at a variable age. No other endocrine disorders have been described so far. We report four patients with homozygous NEUROG3 mutations who presented with short stature and failed to show any signs of pubertal development. CASE DESCRIPTION Four patients (two males, two females) were diagnosed with homozygous mutations in NEUROG3 on the basis of congenital malabsorptive diarrhea and diabetes. All four had severe short stature and failed to develop secondary sexual characteristics at an appropriate age, despite some having normal body mass index. The absence of gonadal function persisted into the third decade in one patient. Upon testing, both basal and stimulated LH and FSH levels were low, with the remaining pituitary hormones within the normal range. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis did not reveal structural abnormalities. A diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was made, and replacement therapy with sex hormones was started. CONCLUSIONS The high reproducibility of this novel phenotype suggests that central hypogonadism and short stature are common findings in patients with mutations in NEUROG3. Growth rate needs to be carefully monitored in these patients, who also should be routinely screened for hypogonadism when they reach the appropriate age. NEUROG3 mutations expand on the growing number of genetic causes of acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rubio-Cabezas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology (O.R.-C.), Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.G.), Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almería, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), University of Concepcion, School of Medicine, 4070038 Concepción, Chile; Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science (A.T.H.), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom; and Institute of Maternal and Child Research (E.C.), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8360160 Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Gómez
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology (O.R.-C.), Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.G.), Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almería, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), University of Concepcion, School of Medicine, 4070038 Concepción, Chile; Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science (A.T.H.), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom; and Institute of Maternal and Child Research (E.C.), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8360160 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Gleisner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology (O.R.-C.), Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.G.), Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almería, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), University of Concepcion, School of Medicine, 4070038 Concepción, Chile; Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science (A.T.H.), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom; and Institute of Maternal and Child Research (E.C.), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8360160 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology (O.R.-C.), Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.G.), Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almería, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), University of Concepcion, School of Medicine, 4070038 Concepción, Chile; Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science (A.T.H.), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom; and Institute of Maternal and Child Research (E.C.), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8360160 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ethel Codner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology (O.R.-C.), Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.G.), Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, 04009 Almería, Spain; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), University of Concepcion, School of Medicine, 4070038 Concepción, Chile; Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Science (A.T.H.), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom; and Institute of Maternal and Child Research (E.C.), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8360160 Santiago, Chile
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41
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Farkas I, Vastagh C, Farkas E, Bálint F, Skrapits K, Hrabovszky E, Fekete C, Liposits Z. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Excites Firing and Increases GABAergic Miniature Postsynaptic Currents (mPSCs) in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons of the Male Mice via Activation of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Suppression of Endocannabinoid Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:214. [PMID: 27672360 PMCID: PMC5018486 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a metabolic signal molecule, regulates reproduction, although, the involved molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated, yet. Therefore, responsiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to the GLP-1 analog Exendin-4 and elucidation of molecular pathways acting downstream to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) have been challenged. Loose patch-clamp recordings revealed that Exendin-4 (100 nM-5 μM) elevated firing rate in hypothalamic GnRH-GFP neurons of male mice via activation of GLP-1R. Whole-cell patch-clamp measurements demonstrated increased excitatory GABAergic miniature postsynaptic currents (mPSCs) frequency after Exendin-4 administration, which was eliminated by the GLP-1R antagonist Exendin-3(9-39) (1 μM). Intracellular application of the G-protein inhibitor GDP-β-S (2 mM) impeded action of Exendin-4 on mPSCs, suggesting direct excitatory action of GLP-1 on GnRH neurons. Blockade of nitric-oxide (NO) synthesis by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 100 μM) or N(5)-[Imino(propylamino)methyl]-L-ornithine hydrochloride (NPLA; 1 μM) or intracellular scavenging of NO by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (CPTIO; 1 mM) partially attenuated the excitatory effect of Exendin-4. Similar partial inhibition was achieved by hindering endocannabinoid pathway using cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) inverse-agonist 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-(1-piperidyl) pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251; 1 μM). Simultaneous blockade of NO and endocannabinoid signaling mechanisms eliminated action of Exendin-4 suggesting involvement of both retrograde machineries. Intracellular application of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-antagonist 2E-N-(2, 3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-[4-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-2-Propenamide (AMG9810; 10 μM) or the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-inhibitor PF3845 (5 μM) impeded the GLP-1-triggered endocannabinoid pathway indicating an anandamide-TRPV1-sensitive control of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) production. Furthermore, GLP-1 immunoreactive (IR) axons innervated GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus suggesting that GLP-1 of both peripheral and neuronal sources can modulate GnRH neurons. RT-qPCR study confirmed the expression of GLP-1R and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) mRNAs in GnRH-GFP neurons. Immuno-electron microscopic analysis revealed the presence of nNOS protein in GnRH neurons. These results indicate that GLP-1 exerts direct facilitatory actions via GLP-1R on GnRH neurons and modulates NO and 2-AG retrograde signaling mechanisms that control the presynaptic excitatory GABAergic inputs to GnRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Farkas
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vastagh
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Farkas
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Flóra Bálint
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapest, Hungary
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Anderberg RH, Richard JE, Hansson C, Nissbrandt H, Bergquist F, Skibicka KP. GLP-1 is both anxiogenic and antidepressant; divergent effects of acute and chronic GLP-1 on emotionality. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 65:54-66. [PMID: 26724568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), produced in the intestine and hindbrain, is known for its glucoregulatory and appetite suppressing effects. GLP-1 agonists are in clinical use for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. GLP-1, however, may also affect brain areas associated with emotionality regulation. Here we aimed to characterize acute and chronic impact of GLP-1 on anxiety and depression-like behavior. Rats were subjected to anxiety and depression behavior tests following acute or chronic intracerebroventricular or intra-dorsal raphe (DR) application of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Serotonin or serotonin-related genes were also measured in the amygdala, DR and the hippocampus. We demonstrate that both GLP-1 and its long lasting analog, Exendin-4, induce anxiety-like behavior in three rodent tests of this behavior: black and white box, elevated plus maze and open field test when acutely administered intraperitoneally, into the lateral ventricle, or directly into the DR. Acute central GLP-1 receptor stimulation also altered serotonin signaling in the amygdala. In contrast, chronic central administration of Exendin-4 did not alter anxiety-like behavior but significantly reduced depression-like behavior in the forced swim test. Importantly, this positive effect of Exendin-4 was not due to significant body weight loss and reduced food intake, since rats pair-fed to Exendin-4 rats did not show altered mood. Collectively we show a striking impact of central GLP-1 on emotionality and the amygdala serotonin signaling that is divergent under acute versus chronic GLP-1 activation conditions. We also find a novel role for the DR GLP-1 receptors in regulation of behavior. These results may have direct relevance to the clinic, and indicate that Exendin-4 may be especially useful for obese patients manifesting with comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita H Anderberg
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer E Richard
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hansson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Bergquist
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is often treated with a class of drugs referred to as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs. GLP-1 is a peptide secreted by the gut that acts through only one known receptor, the GLP-1 receptor. The primary function of GLP-1 is thought to be lowering of postprandial glucose levels. Indeed, medications utilizing this system, including the long-acting GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and exenatide, are beneficial in reducing both blood sugars and body weight. GLP-1 analogs were long presumed to affect glucose control through their ability to increase insulin levels through peripheral action on beta cells. However, multiple lines of data point to the ability of GLP-1 to act within the brain to alter glucose regulation. In this review we will discuss the evidence for a central GLP-1 system and the effects of GLP-1 in the brain on regulating multiple facets of glucose homeostasis including glucose tolerance, insulin production, insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose production, muscle glucose uptake, and connections of the central GLP-1 system to the gut. Although the evidence indicates that GLP-1 receptors in the brain are not necessary for physiologic control of glucose regulation, we discuss the research showing a strong effect of acute manipulation of the central GLP-1 system on glucose control and how it is relevant to type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darleen Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie R Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Steinert RE, Beglinger C, Langhans W. Intestinal GLP-1 and satiation: from man to rodents and back. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:198-205. [PMID: 26315842 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to luminal food stimuli during meals, enteroendocrine cells release gastrointestinal (GI) peptides that have long been known to control secretory and motor functions of the gut, pancreas and liver. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has emerged as one of the most important GI peptides because of a combination of functions not previously ascribed to any other molecule. GLP-1 potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying and may serve as a satiation signal, although the physiological status of the latter function has not been fully established yet. Here we review the available evidence for intestinal GLP-1 to fulfill a number of established empirical criteria for assessing whether a hormone inhibits eating by eliciting physiological satiation in man and rodents.
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Harasta AE, Power JM, von Jonquieres G, Karl T, Drucker DJ, Housley GD, Schneider M, Klugmann M. Septal Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Expression Determines Suppression of Cocaine-Induced Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1969-78. [PMID: 25669605 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its receptor GLP-1R are a key component of the satiety signaling system, and long-acting GLP-1 analogs have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Previous reports demonstrate that GLP-1 regulates glucose homeostasis alongside the rewarding effects of food. Both palatable food and illicit drugs activate brain reward circuitries, and pharmacological studies suggest that central nervous system GLP-1 signaling holds potential for the treatment of addiction. However, the role of endogenous GLP-1 in the attenuation of reward-oriented behavior, and the essential domains of the mesolimbic system mediating these beneficial effects, are largely unknown. We hypothesized that the central regions of highest Glp-1r gene activity are essential in mediating responses to drugs of abuse. Here, we show that Glp-1r-deficient (Glp-1r(-/-)) mice have greatly augmented cocaine-induced locomotor responses and enhanced conditional place preference compared with wild-type (Glp-1r(+/+)) controls. Employing mRNA in situ hybridization we located peak Glp-1r mRNA expression in GABAergic neurons of the dorsal lateral septum, an anatomical site with a crucial function in reward perception. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of dorsal lateral septum neurons revealed that genetic Glp-1r ablation leads to increased excitability of these cells. Viral vector-mediated Glp-1r gene delivery to the dorsal lateral septum of Glp-1r(-/-) animals reduced cocaine-induced locomotion and conditional place preference to wild-type levels. This site-specific genetic complementation did not affect the anxiogenic phenotype observed in Glp-1r(-/-) controls. These data reveal a novel role of GLP-1R in dorsal lateral septum function driving behavioral responses to cocaine.
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Krass M, Volke A, Rünkorg K, Wegener G, Lund S, Abildgaard A, Vasar E, Volke V. GLP-1 receptor agonists have a sustained stimulatory effect on corticosterone release after chronic treatment. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:25-32. [PMID: 25469828 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new group of antidiabetic medications quickly gaining popularity. We aimed to examine behavioural and neuroendocrine changes following chronic treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists in animal models. METHODS The effects of chronic treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists were determined on behavioural parameters [anxiety level in the light-dark compartment test, the motor activity in automated activity cages, immobility in the forced swimming test (FST)] and on corticosterone release in mice. The possible antidepressant effect of chronic liraglutide treatment was also studied in Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a genetic model of depression. RESULTS Two weeks of treatment with exenatide (10 µg/kg twice daily) or liraglutide (1200 µg/kg once daily) did not affect the anxiety level in a light-dark compartment test nor induce an antidepressant-like effect in the FST in mice. Moreover, chronic treatment with liraglutide had no effect on depression-related behaviour in FSL rats. Interestingly, hypolocomotion induced by the drugs in mice disappeared after chronic dosing. Both of the GLP-1 receptor agonists induced robust increases in corticosterone levels in mice under basal conditions as well as in the case of combination with swimming stress. Remarkably, exenatide was as potent a stimulator of corticosterone release after 2 weeks as after acute administration. CONCLUSIONS The increases in corticosterone release seen after acute exenatide or liraglutide treatment do not abate after 2 weeks of treatment demonstrating that tolerance does not develop towards this particular effect of GLP-1 agonists.
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Chong AC, Vogt MC, Hill AS, Brüning JC, Zeltser LM. Central insulin signaling modulates hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness. Mol Metab 2014; 4:83-92. [PMID: 25685696 PMCID: PMC4314547 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is often accompanied by hyperactivity of the neuroendocrine stress axis and has been linked to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Insulin is reciprocally regulated with the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT), raising the possibility that insulin normally provides inhibitory tone to the hypothalamus-adrenal-pituitary (HPA) axis. Here we examined whether disrupting signaling via the insulin receptor (InsR) in hypothalamic subpopulations impacts the neuroendocrine response to acute psychological stress. Methods We used Nkx2.1-Cre, Sim1-Cre and Agrp-Cre transgenic driver lines to generate conditional knockouts of InsR signaling throughout the hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and in neurons expressing Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH), respectively. We used a combination of molecular, behavioral and neuroendocrine criteria to evaluate the consequences on HPA axis responsiveness. Results Endpoints related to body weight and glucose homeostasis were not altered in any of the conditional mutant lines. Consistent with observations in the neuronal Insr knockout mice (NIRKO), baseline levels of serum CORT were similar to controls in all three lines. In male mice with broad disruptions of InsR signals in Nkx2.1-expressing regions of the hypothalamus (IRNkx2.1 KO), we observed elevated arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels at baseline and heightened neuroendocrine responses to restraint stress. IRNkx2.1 KO males also exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors in open field, marble burying, and stress-induced hyperthermia testing paradigms. HPA axis responsivity was not altered in IRSim1 KO males, in which InsR was disrupted in the PVH. In contrast to observations in the IRNkx2.1 KO males, disrupting InsR signals in ARH neurons expressing Agrp (IRAgrp KO) led to reduced AVP release in the median eminence (ME). Conclusions We find that central InsR signals modulate HPA responsivity to restraint stress. InsR signaling in AgRP/NPY neurons appears to promote AVP release, while signaling in other hypothalamic neuron(s) likely acts in an opposing fashion. Alterations in InsR signals in neurons that integrate metabolic and psychiatric information could contribute to the high co-morbidity of obesity and mental disorders.
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Key Words
- ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone
- ARH, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
- AVP, arginine vasopressin
- AgRP
- AgRP, agouti-related peptide
- CORT, corticosterone
- CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone
- FST, forced swim test
- Gr, Glucocorticoid receptor
- HPA axis
- HPA axis, Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Adrenal axis
- Hypothalamus
- IRAgrp KO, knockout of InsR using Agrp-Cre
- IRNkx2.1 KO, knockout of InsR using Nkx2.1-Cre
- IRSim1 KO, knockout of InsR using Sim1-Cre
- InsR, insulin receptor
- Insulin
- MB, marble burying test
- MBH, mediobasal hypothalamus
- ME, median eminence
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- NSF, novelty suppressed feeding test
- OF, open field test
- POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin
- SIH, stress-induced hyperthermia test
- Stress response
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie C.N. Chong
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Merly C. Vogt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexis S. Hill
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lori M. Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Corresponding author. Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032, USA. Tel.: +1 (212) 851 5314; fax: +1 (212) 851 6306.
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Fontoura P, Cardoso MCDA, Erthal-martins MC, Werneck C, Sartorio C, Ramos CF. The effects of liraglutide on male fertility: a case report. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:644-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
The association between leptin and reproduction originated with the leptin-mediated correction of sterility in ob/ob mice and initiation of reproductive function in normal female mice. The uncovering of a central leptin pathway regulating food intake prompted the dissection of neuroendocrine mechanisms involving leptin in the metabolic control of reproduction. The absence of leptin receptors on GnRH neurons incited a search for intermediary neurons situated between leptin-responsive and GnRH neurons. This review addresses the most significant findings that have furthered our understanding of recent progress in this new field. The role of leptin in puberty was impacted by the discovery of neurons that co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin and these could act as leptin intermediates. Furthermore, the identification of first-order leptin-responsive neurons in the premammilary ventral nucleus and other brain regions opens new avenues to explore their relationship to GnRH neurons. Central to these advances is the unveiling that agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y neurons project onto GnRH and kisspeptin neurons, allowing for a crosstalk between food intake and reproduction. Finally, while puberty is a state of leptin sensitivity, mid-gestation represents a state of leptin resistance aimed at building energy stores to sustain pregnancy and lactation. The mechanisms underlying leptin resistance in pregnancy have lagged; however, the establishment of this natural state is significant. Reproduction and energy balance are tightly controlled and backed up by redundant mechanisms that are critical for the survival of our species. It will be the goal of the following decade to shed new light on these complex and essential pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid F Chehab
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94132, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Chooi Yeng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- *Correspondence:
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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