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Salloum-Asfar S, Shin KC, Taha RZ, Khattak S, Park Y, Abdulla SA. The Potential Role of Thyroid Hormone Therapy in Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3330-3342. [PMID: 37991699 PMCID: PMC11087352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays a vital role in brain development and its dysregulation can impact behavior, nervous system function, and cognitive development. Large case-cohort studies have associated abnormal maternal T3 during early pregnancy to epilepsy, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Recent experimental findings have also shown T3's influence on the fate of neural precursor cells and raise the question of its convergence with embryonic neural progenitors. Our objective was to investigate how T3 treatment affects neuronal development and functionality at the cellular level. In vitro experiments using neural precursor cells (NPCs) measured cell growth and numbers after exposure to varying T3 concentrations. Time points included week 0 (W0) representing NPCs treated with 100 nM T3 for 5 days, and differentiated cortical neurons assessed at weeks 3 (W3), 6 (W6), and 8 (W8). Techniques such as single-cell calcium imaging and whole-cell patch clamp were utilized to evaluate neuronal activity and function. IHC staining detected mature neuron markers, and RNA sequencing enabled molecular profiling. W6 and W8 neurons exhibited higher action potential frequencies, with W6 showing increased peak amplitudes and shortened inter-spike intervals by 50%, indicating enhanced activity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that W6 T3-treated neurons formed a distinct cluster, suggesting accelerated maturation. Comparison with the whole transcriptome further unveiled a correlation between W6 neurons treated with T3 and neuronal regulatory elements associated with autism and ADHD. These findings provide insights into T3's impact on neuronal development and potential mechanisms of T3 dysregulation and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Salloum-Asfar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- BESE and KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara A Abdulla
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Harsini AR, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Naeini F, Valisoltani N, Sadeghi E, Mohammadi H, Hosseini S. Are resting metabolic rate and clinical symptoms affected by variation of serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels within the normal range in healthy and women with hypothyroidism? A case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:71-78. [PMID: 38777475 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether variation in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the reference range affect energy expenditure and clinical symptoms and even within the normal range of TSH levels, resting energy expenditure may alter. The aim of the present study was to determine whether treated hypothyroid subjects and healthy subjects with a low-normal TSH range (0.3-2.3 mIU/L) have better clinical outcomes and increased energy expenditure than those with a high-normal TSH range (2.3-4.3 mIU/L). METHODS This was a case-control study of 160 overweight/obese women with TSH levels across the reference range of 0.3-4.3 mU/l. Subjects were paired in four groups: healthy subjects with low-normal target TSH (n = 40), healthy subjects with high-normal target TSH (n = 40), subjects with treated hypothyroidism with low-normal target TSH (n = 40), and subjects with treated hypothyroidism with high-normal target TSH (n = 40). Resting energy expenditure (RMR), dietary intake, body composition, physical activity, and biochemical markers were assessed. RESULTS Subjects with low-normal (≤2.3 mU/L) and high-normal (>2.3 mU/L) TSH levels did not differ in terms of RMR, serum T3 levels, and clinical symptoms except fatigue (P = 0.013). However, serum fT4 levels were found to be significantly different between the study groups (P = 0.002). Serum fT4 concentration was the highest in subjects with treated hypothyroidism with low-normal target TSH. CONCLUSION Variation in serum TSH levels within the reference range did not significantly affect REE and clinical symptoms except fatigue in healthy and women with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Rajabi Harsini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Valisoltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Research Consultation Center (RCC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lu Y, Chen C, Zhuang D, Qian L. Molecular Dynamic Simulation To Reveal the Mechanism Underlying MGL-3196 Resistance to Thyroxine Receptor Beta. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20957-20965. [PMID: 38764645 PMCID: PMC11097192 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Thyroxine receptor beta (TRβ) is a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor that participates in regulating multiple biological processes, particularly playing an important role in lipid metabolism regulation. TRβ is currently a popular therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), while no drugs have been approved to treat this disease. MGL-3196 (Resmetirom) is the first TRβ agonist that has succeeded in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of NASH; therefore, studying its molecular mechanism of action is of great significance. In this study, we employed molecular dynamic simulation to investigate the interaction mode between MGL-3196 and TRβ at the all-atom level. More importantly, by comparing the binding patterns of MGL-3196 in several prevalent TRβ mutants, it was identified that the mutations R243Q and H435R located, respectively, around and within the ligand-binding pocket of TRβ cause TRβ to be insensitive to MGL-3196. This indicates that patients with NASH carrying these two mutations may exhibit resistance to the medication of MGL-3196, thereby highlighting the potential impact of TRβ mutations on TRβ-targeted treatment of NASH and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Neonatal
Diseases, Xiamen Childreǹs Hospital
(Children’s Hospital of Fudan University at Xiamen), Xiamen 361006, China
- Department
of Pediatrics, Chidren’s Hospital
of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Neonatal
Diseases, Xiamen Childreǹs Hospital
(Children’s Hospital of Fudan University at Xiamen), Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Deyi Zhuang
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Neonatal
Diseases, Xiamen Childreǹs Hospital
(Children’s Hospital of Fudan University at Xiamen), Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Liling Qian
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Neonatal
Diseases, Xiamen Childreǹs Hospital
(Children’s Hospital of Fudan University at Xiamen), Xiamen 361006, China
- Division
of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School
of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Tian L, Lu C, Teng W. Association between physical activity and thyroid function in American adults: a survey from the NHANES database. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1277. [PMID: 38730302 PMCID: PMC11084014 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) is closely related to our lives, and the effects of PA on thyroid function have not been elucidated. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012, we included 5877 participants and analyzed the associations of thyroid function with weekly physical activity (PAM, expressed in metabolic equivalents of task) and physical activity time (PAT) in American adults. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to demonstrate the associations of PAM and PAT with the primary outcome. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between thyroid biochemical indicators/diseases and PAM/PAT. RESULTS Our study revealed noticeable sex differences in daily PA among the participants. The odds ratio of the fourth versus the first quartile of PAM was 3.07 (confidence interval, CI [1.24, 7.58], p = 0.02) for overt hypothyroidism, 3.25 (CI [1.12, 9.45], p = 0.03) for subclinical hyperthyroidism in adult men. PAT in the range of 633-1520 min/week was found to be associated with the occurrence of subclinical hyperthyroidism [p < 0.001, OR (95% CI) = 5.89 (1.85, 18.80)], PAT of the range of > 1520 min/week was found to be associated with the occurrence of overt hypothyroidism [p < 0.001, OR (95% CI) = 8.70 (2.80, 27.07)] and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) [p = 0.03, OR (95% CI) = 1.42 (1.03, 1.97)] in adult men. When PAM < 5000 MET*minutes/week or PAT < 1000 min/week, RCS showed an L-shaped curve for TSH and an inverted U-shaped curve for FT4. The changes in FT3 and TT3 in men were linearly positively correlated with PAM and PAT, while TT4 is linearly negatively correlated. CONCLUSION The amount of daily physical activity of American adults is strongly associated with changes in thyroid function, including thyroid hormone levels and thyroid diseases. Thyroid hormone levels were varied to a certain extent with changes in PAM and PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cihang Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Quan T, Cockburn J, Dhesy-Thind S, Bane A, Leong H, Geleff C, Devion C, Ajel N, Jerzak KJ. The Significance of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer: A Hypothesis-Generating Narrative Review. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2364-2375. [PMID: 38785457 PMCID: PMC11119174 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31050176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is frequently diagnosed among Canadian women. While targeted therapies are available for most BC patients; treatment resistance is common and novel therapeutic targets are of interest. Thyroid hormones (TH) bound to thyroid hormone receptors (THR) influence cell proliferation and differentiation; they are also involved in the growth and development of normal breast tissue. Evidence suggests that THRβ is a tumor suppressor in various solid tumors. PURPOSE This narrative review discusses retrospective studies regarding the clinical relevance of THRβ as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in BC. METHODS We consulted with an information specialist to develop a search strategy to find all literature related to THRα expression as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in breast cancer. The primary search was developed for Medline and translated to Embase. The searches were conducted on the Ovid platform on 18 August 2023. RESULTS Across seven retrospective studies identified, several have shown an association between higher THRβ1 expression with a lower risk of BC recurrence and with longer overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Some evidence suggests that THRβ expression is associated with a lower risk of BC recurrence and death. Validation of THRβ as an independent prognostic biomarker and possible predictive biomarker of response to endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy is of interest. Given that THRβ is upstream of the AKT/PI3K pathway, its potential as a predictive biomarker of response to AKT inhibitors and/or PI3K inhibitors may also be of value. Finally, the potential re-purposing of THRβ agonists as anti-cancer agents warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinity Quan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (T.Q.); (N.A.)
| | - Jessica Cockburn
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; (J.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Sukhbinder Dhesy-Thind
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession St, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada;
| | - Anita Bane
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; (J.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Hon Leong
- Department of Medical Biophysics Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (H.L.); (C.G.)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christopher Geleff
- Department of Medical Biophysics Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (H.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Catherine Devion
- Library Services, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Noor Ajel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (T.Q.); (N.A.)
| | - Katarzyna J. Jerzak
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (T.Q.); (N.A.)
- Library Services, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
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6
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Chen Y, Dong H, Qu B, Ma X, Lu L. Protective effect of higher free thyroxine levels within the reference range on biliary tract cancer risk: a multivariable mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1379607. [PMID: 38686204 PMCID: PMC11056546 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1379607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatobiliary cancer (HBC), including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC), is currently one of the malignant tumors that mainly cause human death. Many HBCs are diagnosed in the late stage, which increases the disease burden, indicating that effective prevention strategies and identification of risk factors are urgent. Many studies have reported the role of thyroid hormones on HBC. Our research aims to assess the causal effects and investigate the mediation effects between thyroid function and HBC. Methods Utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, the study employs single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) to explore causal links between thyroid function [free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism] and HBC. Data were sourced from the ThyroidOmic consortium and FinnGen consortium. The analysis included univariable and multivariable MR analysis, followed by mediation analysis. Results The study found a significant causal association between high FT4 levels and the reduced risk of BTC, but not HCC. However, TSH, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism had no causal associations with the risk of HBC. Notably, we also demonstrated that only higher FT4 levels with the reference range (FT4-RR) could reduce the risk of BTC because this protective effect no longer existed under the conditions of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Finally, we found that the protective effect of FT4-RR on BTC was mediated partially by decreasing the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reducing the waist circumference (WC). Conclusion The findings suggest that higher FT4-RR may have a protective effect against BTC, which is partially mediated by decreased risk of MetS and a reduction in WC. This study highlights the potential role of FT4 in the pathogenesis of BTC and underscores that MetS and WC may play mediation effects as two mediators in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Chen
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baozhen Qu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - LinLin Lu
- Qingdao Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital), Qingdao, China
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Xiao M, Luo G, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Gong R, Ke J. Correlation Between Thyroid-Related Hormones and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Normal Thyroid Function: A Retrospective Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1481-1490. [PMID: 38562279 PMCID: PMC10982540 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s455428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the correlation between thyroid-related hormones and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods Patients with T2DM admitted to our hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into DR and non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) groups according to whether DR occurred. Thyroid function-related hormones (TSH, FT3, and FT4), blood glucose indices (FBG and HbA1c), and blood lipid indices (HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG) of the two groups were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to explore the risk factors for DR. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to investigate the correlation of TSH or FT3 with FBG, HbA1c, and TG in DR patients. Results Of the 286 patients with T2DM included in this study, 101 (35.31%) developed DR and 185 (64.69%) did not. High TG, FBG, HbA1c, and TSH and low FT3 levels were independent risk factors for DR in T2DM patients. TSH positively correlated with TG, whereas FT3 negatively correlated with TG and HbA1c in T2DM patients with DR. Conclusion Higher TSH and lower FT3 in T2DM patients with normal thyroid function may affect glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby increasing the risk of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangwen Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianghuan Ke
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
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Zwahlen J, Gairin E, Vianello S, Mercader M, Roux N, Laudet V. The ecological function of thyroid hormones. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220511. [PMID: 38310932 PMCID: PMC10838650 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are central hormonal regulators, orchestrating gene expression and complex biological processes vital for growth and reproduction in variable environments by triggering specific developmental processes in response to external cues. TH serve distinct roles in different species: inducing metamorphosis in amphibians or teleost fishes, governing metabolic processes in mammals, and acting as effectors of seasonality. These multifaceted roles raise questions about the underlying mechanisms of TH action. Recent evidence suggests a shared ecological role of TH across vertebrates, potentially extending to a significant portion of bilaterian species. According to this model, TH ensure that ontogenetic transitions align with environmental conditions, particularly in terms of energy expenditure, helping animals to match their ontogenetic transition with available resources. This alignment spans post-embryonic developmental transitions common to all vertebrates and more subtle adjustments during seasonal changes. The underlying logic of TH function is to synchronize transitions with the environment. This review briefly outlines the fundamental mechanisms of thyroid signalling and shows various ways in which animals use this hormonal system in natural environments. Lastly, we propose a model linking TH signalling, environmental conditions, ontogenetic trajectory and metabolism. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Zwahlen
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Emma Gairin
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Stefano Vianello
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Lan 262, Taiwan
| | - Manon Mercader
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Natacha Roux
- Computational Neuroethology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Lan 262, Taiwan
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9
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Seebacher F, Little AG. Thyroid hormone links environmental signals to DNA methylation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220506. [PMID: 38310936 PMCID: PMC10838643 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions experienced within and across generations can impact individual phenotypes via so-called 'epigenetic' processes. Here we suggest that endocrine signalling acts as a 'sensor' linking environmental inputs to epigenetic modifications. We focus on thyroid hormone signalling and DNA methylation, but other mechanisms are likely to act in a similar manner. DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms, which alters gene expression patterns by methylating cytosine bases via DNA methyltransferase enzymes. Thyroid hormone is mechanistically linked to DNA methylation, at least partly by regulating the activity of DNA methyltransferase 3a, which is the principal enzyme that mediates epigenetic responses to environmental change. Thyroid signalling is sensitive to natural and anthropogenic environmental impacts (e.g. light, temperature, endocrine-disrupting pollution), and here we propose that thyroid hormone acts as an environmental sensor to mediate epigenetic modifications. The nexus between thyroid hormone signalling and DNA methylation can integrate multiple environmental signals to modify phenotypes, and coordinate phenotypic plasticity at different time scales, such as within and across generations. These dynamics can have wide-ranging effects on health and fitness of animals, because they influence the time course of phenotypic adjustments and potentially the range of environmental stimuli that can elicit epigenetic responses. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexander G. Little
- Department of Biology, Life Sciences Building, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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Wang M, Lu X, Zheng X, Zhu X, Liu J. Associations among thyroid hormone levels and mean corpuscular volume in adults in the US: A cross-sectional examination of the NHANES 2007-2012 dataset. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37350. [PMID: 38457537 PMCID: PMC10919465 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is an important indicator used to determine the etiology of anemia and is associated with a variety of diseases. However, the link between thyroid function and MCV has yet to be clarified. This study was thus developed to assess relationships between thyroid function and MCV in a population of adults in the US. Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study performed from 2007 to 2012 were used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. Key thyroid-related variables included in this analysis were thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), antithyroglobulin, thyroglobulin, and antithyroid peroxidase levels. Generalized linear regression models were employed when estimating associations between MCV quartiles and thyroid parameters in 8104 adults 18 + years of age. In these participants, the weighted mean (SD) MCV was 89.36 (0.16) fL, with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels of 1.86 (0.03) mIU/mL, FT3 levels of 3.20 (0.01) pg/mL, FT4 levels of 0.80 (0.01) ng/dL, TT3 levels of 115.09 (0.64) ng/dL, and TT4 levels of 7.81 (0.04) μg/dL. When analyses were not adjusted, higher MCV values were related to reduced serum levels of FT3, TT3, or TT4. Following adjustment for possible confounding variables, this significant negative correlation between MCV and levels of FT3, TT3, and TT4 remained, and subgroup analysis revealed that this negative correlation was present in the male group and in the age group >50 years, but not in the female group and in the age group less than or equal to 50 years. These results suggest a significant negative correlation between MCV and FT3, TT3, and TT4, and this negative correlation originated more from the male population and those older than 50 years of age. The underlying mechanisms warrant additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Junru Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinhua People’s Hospital, Jinhua, China
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11
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Bertin FR, Frank N, Breuhaus BA, Schott HC, Kritchevsky JE. Diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders and thyroid hormone supplementation in adult horses and foals. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:243-252. [PMID: 37533378 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Equine thyroid disorders pose a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice because of the effects of nonthyroidal factors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and the horse's ability to tolerate wide fluctuations in thyroid hormone concentrations and survive without a thyroid gland. While benign thyroid tumours are common in older horses, other disorders like primary hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in adult horses and congenital hypothyroidism in foals are rare. There is a common misunderstanding regarding hypothyroidism in adult horses, especially when associated with the clinical profile of obesity, lethargy, and poor performance observed in dogs and humans. Low blood thyroid hormone concentrations are often detected in horses as a secondary response to metabolic and disease states, including with the nonthyroidal illness syndrome; however, it is important to note that low thyroid hormone concentrations in these cases do not necessarily indicate hypothyroidism. Assessing equine thyroid function involves measuring thyroid hormone concentrations, including total and free fractions of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3); however, interpreting these results can be challenging due to the pulsatile secretion of thyroid hormones and the many factors that can affect their concentrations. Dynamic testing, such as the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test, can help assess the thyroid gland response to stimulation. Although true hypothyroidism is extremely rare, thyroid hormone supplementation is commonly used in equine practice to help manage obesity and poor performance. This review focuses on thyroid gland pathophysiology in adult horses and foals, interpretation of blood thyroid hormone concentrations, and evaluation of horses with thyroid disorders. It also discusses the use of T4 supplementation in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-René Bertin
- School of Veterinary Science at The University of Queensland, UQ Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Frank
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Babetta A Breuhaus
- College of Veterinary Medicine at North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harold C Schott
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Janice E Kritchevsky
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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12
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Kağızmanlı GA, Kırbıyık Ö, Abacı A, Böber E, Yiş U, Demir K. Anaemia-based screening for resistance to thyroid hormone alpha in children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:304-311. [PMID: 38148509 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothyroid phenotype associated with resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTH-α) is associated with a diverse clinical picture. On the other hand, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are normal. Free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels can also be normal; however, normo- or macrocytic anaemia is usually present in reported cases. Diagnosis is challenging and there is limited data regarding screening methods. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the efficiency of a screening strategy for RTH-α. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Out of a total of 6540 children evaluated at the outpatient clinics of paediatric neurology over 2 years and who underwent complete blood count and thyroid function tests, 432 were found to have anaemia. Within this group, we identified 42 children without an underlying specific neurological aetiology who exhibited normo- or macrocytic anaemia, normal TSH levels, fT3 levels in the upper half of the normal range or high, and fT4 levels in the lower half of the normal range or low. We excluded one patient who had already been diagnosed with RTH-α and nine patients could not be reached. Subsequently, clinical evaluation, biochemical assessment, and THRA sequencing analysis were conducted on 32 children. The findings were compared with those of the known RTH-α patients in our unit. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 5.7 (5.1-7.4) years, and 22 of them were males (69%). The main reasons for assessment in paediatric neurology clinics were autism spectrum disorder (n = 12, 38%), epilepsy (n = 11, 34%), and delay in developmental stages (n = 8, 25%). Constipation was present in five of the cases (16%), while the closure of the anterior fontanelle and tooth eruption were delayed in two cases (6%) and one case (3%), respectively. The median length/height and weight standard deviation (SD) scores were 0.3 [(-0.8)-(1.1)] and -0.1 [(-0.8)-(0.3)], respectively. The median fT3, fT4, and TSH levels were 4.6 (4.2-5.0) pg/mL, 0.9 (0.8-1.0) ng/dL, and 2.2 (1.8-3.1) uIU/mL, respectively. Thirteen of the patients (41%) had high fT3 levels, while none of them had low fT4 levels. The normo- or macrocytic anaemia rate was 47% (normocytic/macrocytic, n = 8/7) at the time of reassessment. Serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated in five patients (16%; one had anaemia). None of the subjects had a pathological variant in THRA. Known RTH-α patients had significantly lower median height SD score, higher rates of delayed tooth eruption and closure of the anterior fontanelle, lower haemoglobin levels, and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and CK levels as compared to those found without RTH-α. CONCLUSIONS This approach found one known patient with RTH-α but did not reveal any new cases. Notably, normo- or macrocytic anaemia did not persist in nearly half of the screened patients. A screening strategy that takes clinical findings and prominent laboratory features suggestive of RTH-α into account could lower unnecessary genetic analysis of THRA in patients presenting with neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Akın Kağızmanlı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kırbıyık
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Genetic Diagnosis Center, University of Health Sciences, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Böber
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Uluç Yiş
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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13
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Alfandari A, Moskovich D, Weisz A, Katzav A, Kidron D, Beiner M, Josephy D, Asali A, Hants Y, Yagur Y, Weitzner O, Ellis M, Itchaki G, Ashur-Fabian O. The selenoenzyme type I iodothyronine deiodinase: a new tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38429887 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The selenoenzyme type I iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) catalyzes removal of iodine atoms from thyroid hormones. Although DIO1 action is reported to be disturbed in several malignancies, no work has been conducted in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the most lethal gynecologic cancer. We studied DIO1 expression in HGSOC patients [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and tumor tissues], human cell lines (ES-2 and Kuramochi), normal Chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO-K1), and normal human fallopian tube cells (FT282 and FT109). To study its functional role, DIO1 was overexpressed, inhibited [by propylthiouracil (PTU)], or knocked down (KD), and cell count, proliferation, apoptosis, cell viability, and proteomics analysis were performed. Lower DIO1 levels were observed in HGSOC compared to normal cells and tissues. TCGA analyses confirmed that low DIO1 mRNA expression correlated with worse survival and therapy resistance in patients. Silencing or inhibiting the enzyme led to enhanced ovarian cancer proliferation, while an opposite effect was shown following DIO1 ectopic expression. Proteomics analysis in DIO1-KD cells revealed global changes in proteins that facilitate tumor metabolism and progression. In conclusion, DIO1 expression and ovarian cancer progression are inversely correlated, highlighting a tumor suppressive role for this enzyme and its potential use as a biomarker in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Alfandari
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dotan Moskovich
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Avivit Weisz
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Aviva Katzav
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Debora Kidron
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Mario Beiner
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Dana Josephy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Aula Asali
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yael Hants
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yael Yagur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Omer Weitzner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gilad Itchaki
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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14
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Baxter C, Martinez-Rios C, Ahmet A. Thyroid hormone resistance and large goiter mimicking infiltrative carcinoma in a pediatric patient. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:179-183. [PMID: 38272022 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a genetic condition, caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor gene and characterized by impaired end organ responsiveness to thyroid hormone. Here we describe a novel case of THR associated with large goiter mimicking infiltrative c. CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year-old male with a hyperthyroid phenotype of RTH diagnosed as a toddler, on methimazole and nadolol therapies presented with an increase in goiter size and possible nodule. Thyroid ultrasound was concerning for a diffuse infiltrative process or malignancy. Methimazole was discontinued and he underwent further imaging, fine needle aspiration and core biopsies. Biopsy results were reassuring and imaging findings were subsequently attributed to RTH rather than malignancy. He started every other day liothyronine therapy, which led to a decrease in goiter size, thyroglobulin level, and improvement of hyperthyroid symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case to our knowledge describing the above thyroid imaging findings in association with RTH. It also adds important information to the pediatric literature regarding management of the hyperthyroid phenotype of RTH, including the role of liothyronine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Baxter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia Martinez-Rios
- Department of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Ahmet
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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15
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Bruijn N, van Lohuizen R, Boron M, Fitzek M, Gabriele F, Giuliani G, Melgarejo L, Řehulka P, Sebastianelli G, Triller P, Vigneri S, Özcan B, van den Brink AM. Influence of metabolic state and body composition on the action of pharmacological treatment of migraine. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38347465 PMCID: PMC10863119 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder among people of all ages, with the highest prevalence in the fertile years, and in women. Migraine impacts the quality of life of affected individuals tremendously and, in addition, it is associated with highly prevalent metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction. Also, the clinical response to drugs might be affected in patients with metabolic disease due to body composition and metabolic change. Therefore, the efficacy of antimigraine drugs could be altered in patients with both migraine and metabolic disease. However, knowledge of the pharmacology and the related clinical effects of antimigraine drugs in patients with metabolic disease are limited. Therefore, and given the clinical relevance, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and hypotheses related to the influence of metabolic state and body composition on the action of antimigraine drugs. In addition, the influence of antimigraine drugs on metabolic functioning and, vice versa, the influence of metabolic diseases and its hormonal modulating medication on migraine activity is outlined. Future exploration on personalizing migraine treatment to individual characteristics is necessary to enhance therapeutic strategies, especially given its increasing significance in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Bruijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romy van Lohuizen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Boron
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mira Fitzek
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Gabriele
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, Neuroscience Section, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giada Giuliani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Melgarejo
- Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pavel Řehulka
- St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele Sebastianelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Paul Triller
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Vigneri
- Casa Di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena, Neurology and Neurophysiology Service, Occhiobello, Italy
| | - Behiye Özcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Maassen van den Brink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Sabatino L, Lapi D, Del Seppia C. Factors and Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Activity in the Brain: Possible Role in Recovery and Protection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 38397435 PMCID: PMC10886502 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential in normal brain development, and cognitive and emotional functions. THs act through a cascade of events including uptake by the target cells by specific cell membrane transporters, activation or inactivation by deiodinase enzymes, and interaction with nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. Several thyroid responsive genes have been described in the developing and in the adult brain and many studies have demonstrated a systemic or local reduction in TH availability in neurologic disease and after brain injury. In this review, the main factors and mechanisms associated with the THs in the normal and damaged brain will be evaluated in different regions and cellular contexts. Furthermore, the most common animal models used to study the role of THs in brain damage and cognitive impairment will be described and the use of THs as a potential recovery strategy from neuropathological conditions will be evaluated. Finally, particular attention will be given to the link observed between TH alterations and increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementing condition worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sabatino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Dominga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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17
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Tian Z, Li X, Yu X, Yan S, Sun J, Ma W, Zhu X, Tang Y. The role of primary cilia in thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306550. [PMID: 38260150 PMCID: PMC10801159 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are non-motile and microtube-based organelles protruding from the surface of almost all thyroid follicle cells. They maintain homeostasis in thyrocytes and loss of PC can result in diverse thyroid diseases. The dysfunction of structure and function of PC are found in many patients with common thyroid diseases. The alterations are associated with the cause, development, and recovery of the diseases and are regulated by PC-mediated signals. Restoring normal PC structure and function in thyrocytes is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat thyroid diseases. This review explores the function of PC in normal thyroid glands. It summarizes the pathology caused by PC alterations in thyroid cancer (TC), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodules (TN) to provide comprehensive references for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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18
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, de Barros CF, Secio-Silva A, de Barros Peruchetti D, Romano RM, Bargi-Souza P. Multi-omics Investigations in Endocrine Systems and Their Clinical Implications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:187-209. [PMID: 38409422 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Innovative techniques such as the "omics" can be a powerful tool for the understanding of intracellular pathways involved in homeostasis maintenance and identification of new potential therapeutic targets against endocrine-metabolic disorders. Over the last decades, proteomics has been extensively applied in the study of a wide variety of human diseases, including those involving the endocrine system. Among the most endocrine-related disorders investigated by proteomics in humans are diabetes mellitus and thyroid, pituitary, and reproductive system disorders. In diabetes, proteins implicated in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and β-cell activity have been investigated. In thyroid diseases, protein expression alterations were described in thyroid malignancies and autoimmune thyroid illnesses. Additionally, proteomics has been used to investigate the variations in protein expression in adrenal cancers and conditions, including Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. Pituitary tumors and disorders including acromegaly and hypopituitarism have been studied using proteomics to examine changes in protein expression. Reproductive problems such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis are two examples of conditions where alterations in protein expression have been studied using proteomics. Proteomics has, in general, shed light on the molecular underpinnings of many endocrine-related illnesses and revealed promising biomarkers for both their detection and treatment. The capacity of proteomics to thoroughly and objectively examine complex protein mixtures is one of its main benefits. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a widely used method that identifies and measures proteins based on their mass-to-charge ratio and their fragmentation pattern. MS can perform the separation of proteins according to their physicochemical characteristics, such as hydrophobicity, charge, and size, in combination with liquid chromatography. Other proteomics techniques include protein arrays, which enable the simultaneous identification of several proteins in a single assay, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), which divides proteins depending on their isoelectric point and molecular weight. This chapter aims to summarize the most relevant proteomics data from targeted tissues, as well as the daily rhythmic variation of relevant biomarkers in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions within the involved endocrine system, especially because the actual modern lifestyle constantly imposes a chronic unentrained condition, which virtually affects all the circadian clock systems within human's body, being also correlated with innumerous endocrine-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Morphophysiology and Pathology Sector, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Fonseca de Barros
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ayla Secio-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Barros Peruchetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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19
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Ji C, Ou Y, Yu W, Lv J, Zhang F, Li H, Gu Z, Li J, Zhong Z, Wang H. Thyroid-stimulating hormone-thyroid hormone signaling contributes to circadian regulation through repressing clock2/npas2 in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:61-74. [PMID: 37328030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is important for the thyroid gland, development, growth, and metabolism. Defects in TSH production or the thyrotrope cells within the pituitary gland cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH), resulting in growth retardation and neurocognitive impairment. While human TSH is known to display rhythmicity, the molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of TSH and the effects of TSH-thyroid hormone (TH) signaling on the circadian clock remain elusive. Here we show that TSH, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and tshba display rhythmicity in both larval and adult zebrafish and tshba is regulated directly by the circadian clock via both E'-box and D-box. Zebrafish tshba-/- mutants manifest congenital hypothyroidism, with the characteristics of low levels of T4 and T3 and growth retardation. Loss or overexpression of tshba alters the rhythmicity of locomotor activities and expression of core circadian clock genes and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis-related genes. Furthermore, TSH-TH signaling regulates clock2/npas2 via the thyroid response element (TRE) in its promoter, and transcriptome analysis reveals extensive functions of Tshba in zebrafish. Together, our results demonstrate that zebrafish tshba is a direct target of the circadian clock and in turn plays critical roles in circadian regulation along with other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yue Ou
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wangjianfei Yu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiaxin Lv
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fanmiao Zhang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huashan Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zeyun Gu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhaomin Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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20
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Zúñiga D, Balasubramanian S, Mehmood KT, Al-Baldawi S, Zúñiga Salazar G. Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52512. [PMID: 38370998 PMCID: PMC10874251 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder more commonly in older adults. Simultaneously, this population has an increased incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Thyroid hormones (THs) promote adequate function of the cardiovascular system as they exert their effects through receptors located in the myocardium and the vasculature. In hypothyroidism, this homeostasis is disrupted, which leads to the emergence of pathogenic pathways that accelerate the progression of cardiovascular disease and aggravate its outcomes in these individuals. This article has reviewed existing literature on the relationship between hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have explored the pathogenic mechanisms linking both conditions and highlighted the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as the increased incidence of cardiovascular events in overt and subclinical diseases. Furthermore, indications of hormone replacement therapy in subclinical disease and its efficacy in reducing CVD morbidities in a particular subset of patients have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Zúñiga
- Medicine, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, ECU
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Monko TR, Tripp EH, Burr SE, Gunderson KN, Lanier LM, Georgieff MK, Bastian TW. Cellular Iron Deficiency Disrupts Thyroid Hormone Regulated Gene Expression in Developing Hippocampal Neurons. J Nutr 2024; 154:49-59. [PMID: 37984740 PMCID: PMC10808837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing neurons have high thyroid hormone and iron requirements to support their metabolically demanding growth. Early-life iron and thyroid-hormone deficiencies are prevalent and often coexist, and each independently increases risk of permanently impaired neurobehavioral function in children. Early-life dietary iron deficiency reduces thyroid-hormone concentrations and impairs thyroid hormone-responsive gene expression in the neonatal rat brain, but it is unclear whether the effect is cell-intrinsic. OBJECTIVES This study determined whether neuronal-specific iron deficiency alters thyroid hormone-regulated gene expression in developing neurons. METHODS Iron deficiency was induced in primary mouse embryonic hippocampal neuron cultures with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) beginning at 3 d in vitro (DIV). At 11DIV and 18DIV, thyroid hormone-regulated gene messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)concentrations indexing thyroid hormone homeostasis (Hairless, mu-crystallin, Type II deiodinase, solute carrier family member 1c1, and solute carrier family member 16a2) and neurodevelopment (neurogranin, Parvalbumin, and Krüppel-like factor 9) were quantified. To assess the effect of iron repletion, DFO was removed at 14DIV from a subset of DFO-treated cultures, and gene expression and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were quantified at 21DIV. RESULTS At 11DIV and 18DIV, neuronal iron deficiency decreased neurogranin, Parvalbumin, and mu-crystallin, and by 18DIV, solute carrier family member 16a2, solute carrier family member 1c1, Type II deiodinase, and Hairless were increased, suggesting cellular sensing of a functionally abnormal thyroid hormone state. Dimensionality reduction with Principal component analysis reveals that thyroid hormone homeostatic genes strongly correlate with and predict iron status. Iron repletion from 14-21DIV did not restore ATP concentration, and Principal component analysis suggests that, after iron repletion, cultures maintain a gene expression signature indicative of previous iron deficiency. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest there is an intracellular mechanism coordinating cellular iron/thyroid hormone activities. We speculate this is a part of the homeostatic response to acutely match neuronal energy production and growth signaling. However, the adaptation to iron deficiency may cause permanent deficits in thyroid hormone-dependent neurodevelopmental processes even after recovery from iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Monko
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emma H Tripp
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sierra E Burr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Karina N Gunderson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lorene M Lanier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Thomas W Bastian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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22
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Kumar U. Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in Tumour Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:436. [PMID: 38203605 PMCID: PMC10779198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST), a growth hormone inhibitory peptide, is expressed in endocrine and non-endocrine tissues, immune cells and the central nervous system (CNS). Post-release from secretory or immune cells, the first most appreciated role that SST exhibits is the antiproliferative effect in target tissue that served as a potential therapeutic intervention in various tumours of different origins. The SST-mediated in vivo and/or in vitro antiproliferative effect in the tumour is considered direct via activation of five different somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1-5), which are well expressed in most tumours and often more than one receptor in a single cell. Second, the indirect effect is associated with the regulation of growth factors. SSTR subtypes are crucial in tumour diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, with the recent development of new SST analogues and receptor-specific agonists with emerging functional consequences of signaling pathways are promising therapeutic avenues in tumours of different origins that are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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23
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Lian L, Sun Q, Huang X, Li W, Cui Y, Pan Y, Yang X, Wang P. Inhibition of Cell Apoptosis by Apicomplexan Protozoa-Host Interaction in the Early Stage of Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3817. [PMID: 38136854 PMCID: PMC10740567 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan protozoa, which are a group of specialized intracellular parasitic protozoa, infect humans and other animals and cause a variety of diseases. The lack of research on the interaction mechanism between Apicomplexan protozoa and their hosts is a key factor restricting the development of new drugs and vaccines. In the early stages of infection, cell apoptosis is inhibited by Apicomplexan protozoa through their interaction with the host cells; thereby, the survival and reproduction of Apicomplexan protozoa in host cells is promoted. In this review, the key virulence proteins and pathways are introduced regarding the inhibition of cell apoptosis by the interaction between the protozoa and their host during the early stage of Apicomplexan protozoa infection. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of drugs or vaccines for protozoal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.L.); (Q.S.); (X.H.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.L.); (Q.S.); (X.H.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.L.); (Q.S.); (X.H.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wanjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.L.); (Q.S.); (X.H.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yanjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.L.); (Q.S.); (X.H.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yuebo Pan
- Gansu Polytechnic College of Animal Husbandry and Engineering, Wuwei 733006, China
| | - Xianyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.L.); (Q.S.); (X.H.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.L.); (Q.S.); (X.H.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.)
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Lademann F, Tsourdi E, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Thyroid hormone receptor Thra and Thrb knockout differentially affects osteoblast biology and thyroid hormone responsiveness in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1948-1960. [PMID: 37992217 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important modulators of bone remodeling and thus, thyroid diseases, in particular hyperthyroidism, are able to compromise bone quality and fracture resistance. TH actions on bone are mediated by the thyroid hormone receptors (TR) TRα1 and TRβ1, encoded by Thra and Thrb, respectively. Skeletal phenotypes of mice lacking Thra (Thra0/0 ) and Thrb (Thrb-/- ) are well-described and suggest that TRα1 is the predominant mediator of TH actions in bone. Considering that bone cells might be affected by systemic TH changes seen in these mutant mice, here we investigated the effects of TR knockout on osteoblasts exclusively at the cellular level. Primary osteoblasts obtained from Thra0/0 , Thrb-/- , and respective wildtype (WT) mice were analyzed regarding their differentiation potential, activity and TH responsiveness in vitro. Thra, but not Thrb knockout promoted differentiation and activity of early, mature and late osteoblasts as compared to respective WT cells. Interestingly, while mineralization capacity and expression of osteoblast marker genes and TH target gene Klf9 was increased by TH in WT and Thra-deficient osteoblasts, Thrb knockout mitigated the responsiveness of osteoblasts to short (48 h) and long term (10 d) TH treatment. Further, we found a low ratio of Rankl, a potent osteoclast stimulator, over osteoprotegerin, an osteoclast inhibitor, in Thrb-deficient osteoblasts and in line, supernatants obtained from Thrb-/- osteoblasts reduced numbers of primary osteoclasts in vitro. In accordance to the increased Rankl/Opg ratio in TH-treated WT osteoblasts only, supernatants from these cells, but not from TH-treated Thrb-/- osteoblasts increased the expression of Trap and Ctsk in osteoclasts, suggesting that osteoclasts are indirectly stimulated by TH via TRβ1 in osteoblasts. In conclusion, our study shows that both Thra and Thrb differentially affect activity, differentiation and TH response of osteoblasts in vitro and emphasizes the importance of TRβ1 to mediate TH actions in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lademann
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
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Corrêa DEDC, Bargi-Souza P, Oliveira IM, Razera A, Oliveira CA, Romano MA, Romano RM. Quantitative proteomic profile analysis of thyroid dysfunction effects on seminal vesicles and repercussions on male fertility. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112048. [PMID: 37633588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are associated with male reproductive disorders, but little is known about the influence of the thyroid hormone milieu on seminal vesicle (SV) function and metabolism. In this sense, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis induced in adulthood Wistar male rats on SV function and identified new thyroid hormone targets on male reproduction regulation using novel proteomic approaches. Hypothyroidism reduces SV size and seminal fluid volume, which are directly associated with low testosterone and estradiol levels, while thyrotoxicosis increases Esr2 and Dio1 expression in the SV. We found 116 differentially expressed proteins. Hypothyroidism reduces the expression of molecular protein markers related to sperm viability, capacitation and fertilization, protection against oxidative stress and energetic metabolism in SV, while it increases the expression of proteins related to tissue damage. In conclusion, thyroid dysfunction in the adult phase impairs several morphological, molecular and functional characteristics of SV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Razera
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alvarenga Oliveira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil.
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26
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Gao XX, Zuo QL, Fu XH, Song LL, Cen MQ, Wu J. Association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment in children: Evidence based on birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116812. [PMID: 37536558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have examined the effect of prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure on neurodevelopment in children, findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To better understand the effects of PFAS exposure during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment, we conducted a systematic review of prenatal exposure to different types of PFAS and neurodevelopment in children. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE electronic databases up to March 2023. Only birth cohort studies that report a specific association between PFAS exposure during pregnancy and neurodevelopment were included in this review. RESULTS 31 birth cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria were qualitatively integrated. Among these, 14 studies investigated the impact of PFAS exposure during pregnancy on cognition, 13 on neurobehavior, and 4 on both cognition and neurobehavior. Additionally, 4 studies explored the influence of PFAS on children's comprehensive development. CONCLUSION Prenatal PFAS exposure was associated with poor neurodevelopment in children, including psychomotor development, externalizing behavior, and comprehensive development. However, conclusive evidence regarding its effects on other neurological outcomes remains limited. In addition, sex-specific effects on social behavior and sleep problems were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian-Lin Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi-Hang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling-Ling Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man-Qiu Cen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Ma Y, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Weng N, Zhu Q. Mitophagy involved the biological processes of hormones. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115468. [PMID: 37703662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill vital functions in energy production, maintaining ion balance, and facilitating material metabolism. Mitochondria are sacrificed to protect cells or induce apoptosis when the body is under stress. The regulatory pathways of mitophagy include both ubiquitin-dependent and non-dependent pathways. The involvement of mitophagy has been demonstrated in the onset and progression of numerous diseases, highlighting its significant role. Endocrine hormones are chemical substances secreted by endocrine organs or endocrine cells, which participate in the regulation of physiological functions and internal environmental homeostasis of the body. Imbalances in endocrine hormones contribute to the development of various diseases. However, the precise impact of mitophagy on the physiological and pathological processes involving endocrine hormones remains unclear. This article aims to comprehensively overview recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms through which mitophagy regulates endocrine hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Ma
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ningna Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350011, PR China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Li W, Yang Z, Li S, Jiang S, Hu W, Wan Z, Tu P, Duan P. Free triiodothyronine predicts the risk of developing diabetic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:298. [PMID: 37821807 PMCID: PMC10568907 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) are associated with poor survival in chronic kidney disease, and the aim of this study was to further assess the relationship between changes in FT3 levels and renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes based on glomerular and tubular markers. METHODS We retrospectively studied 452 type 2 diabetic patients, measured glomerular damage markers (UACR, eGFR) and tubular damage markers (NAG/Cr,β2-MG), analyzed the relationship between FT3 and renal damage by logistic regression models, and plotted restrictive cubic splines. RESULTS 41.6% of subjects had diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the prevalence of DKD decreased progressively with increasing FT3 levels in the third quartile. Spearman correlation analysis showed that FT3 was negatively associated with UACR, NAG/Cr and β2-MG, while eGFR was positively associated with FT3. Multifactorial analysis, after adjusting for relevant confounders, revealed that compared with the lowest quartile of FT3, the highest quartile reduced the risk of developing urinary albumin (OR = 0.499,95% CI:0.289-0.856), moderate to severe impairment of glomerular filtration rate (OR = 0.106,95% CI:0.032-0.354), renal tubular marker β2 -MG positive (OR = 0.516,95% CI:0.299 to 0.883) and the risk of DKD occurrence (OR = 0.450,95% CI:0.260 to 0.774). In the sample model, FT3 levels below 4.39 pmol/L were associated with an increased risk of glomerular tubule injury and DKD occurrence. CONCLUSIONS FT3 is closely associated with glomerular tubular injury and is a protective factor. As FT3 levels (< 4.39 pmol/L) decrease, the risk of developing DKD becomes higher, and FT3 can be used as an independent predictor of developing DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengjian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China
| | - Wan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenying Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang People's Hospital (The Third Hospital of Nanchang), Jiangxi, China.
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Levy SB, Bribiescas RG. Hierarchies in the energy budget: Thyroid hormones and the evolution of human life history patterns. Evol Anthropol 2023; 32:275-292. [PMID: 37584402 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of human life history characteristics required dramatic shifts in energy allocation mechanisms compared with our primate ancestors. Thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are sensitive to energy balance, and are significant determinants for both tissue-specific and whole-body metabolic rate. Thus, thyroid hormones are in part responsible for setting the body's overall energy budget and likely played an important role in the evolution of human life history patterns. We propose that the dynamics of mammalian T3 production, uptake, and action have evolved so that energy allocation prioritizes the high demands of brain development and functioning, often at the expense of growth and reproduction. This paper explores the role of thyroid hormone dynamics in the evolution of human encephalization, prolonged childhood and adolescence, long lifespans, reproduction, and human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Levy
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, New York, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA
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Brent GA. A Historical Reflection on Scientific Advances in Understanding Thyroid Hormone Action. Thyroid 2023; 33:1140-1149. [PMID: 37594753 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone (TH) has actions in every tissue of the body and is essential for normal development, as well as having important actions in the adult. The earliest markers of TH action that were identified and monitored clinically, even before TH could be measured in serum, included oxygen consumption, basal metabolic rate, serum cholesterol, and deep tendon reflex time. Cellular, rodent, amphibian, zebrafish, and human models have been used to study TH action. Summary: Early studies of the mechanism of TH action focused on saturable-specific triiodothyronine (T3) nuclear binding and direct actions of T3 that altered protein expression. Additional effects of TH were recognized on mitochondria, stimulation of ion transport, especially the sodium potassium ATPase, augmentation of adrenergic signaling, role as a neurotransmitter, and direct plasma membrane effects. The cloning of the thyroid hormone receptor (THR) genes in 1986 and report of the THR crystal structure in 1995 produced rapid progress in understanding the mechanism of TH nuclear action, as well as the development of modified THR ligands. These findings revealed nuances of TH signaling, including the role of nuclear receptor coactivators and corepressors, repression of positively stimulated genes by the unliganded receptor, THR isoform-specific actions of TRα (THRA) and TRβ (THRB), and THR binding DNA as a heterodimer with retinoid-x-receptor (RXR) for genes positively regulated by TH. The identification of genetic disorders of TH transport and signaling, especially Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (RTH) and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) defects, has been highly informative with respect to the mechanism of TH action. Conclusions: The impact of THR isoform, post-translational modifications, receptor cofactors, DNA response element, and selective TH tissue uptake, on TH action, have clinical implications for diagnosing and treating thyroid disease. Additionally, these findings have led to the development of novel TH and TH analogue therapies for metabolic, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Brent
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Feng Q, Xia W, Feng Z, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Liu D, Zhang G. The accelerated organ senescence and proteotoxicity in thyrotoxicosis mice. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2481-2498. [PMID: 37750538 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of aging has always been the focus of research, because aging is related to disease susceptibility and seriously affects people's quality of life. The diseases also accelerate the aging process, especially the pathological changes of substantive organs, such as cardiac hypertrophy, severely shortened lifespan. So, lesions in organs are both a consequence and a cause of aging. However, the disease in a given organ is not in isolation but is a systemic problem. Our previous study found that thyrotoxicosis mice model has aging characteristics including immunosenescence, lipotoxicity, malnutrition. But all these characteristics will lead to organ senescence, therefore, this study continued to study the aging changes of important organs such as heart, liver, and kidney in thyrotoxicosis mice using tandem mass tags (TMT) proteomics method. The results showed that the excess thyroxine led to cardiac hypertrophy. In the liver, the ability to synthesize functional proteins, detoxify, and metabolism were declined. The effect on the kidney was the decreased ability of detoxify and metabolism. The main finding of the present study was that the acceleration of organ senescence by excess thyroxine was due to proteotoxicity. The shared cause of proteotoxicity in the three organs included the intensify of oxidative phosphorylation, the redundancy production of ribosomes, and the lack of splicing and ubiquitin proteasome system function. Totally, proteotoxicity was another parallel between thyrotoxicosis and aging in addition to lipotoxicity. Our research provided a convenient and appropriate animal model for exploring aging mechanism and antiaging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
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Hwang E, Doolittle WKL, Zhu YJ, Zhu X, Zhao L, Yu Y, Cheng SY. Thyroid hormone receptor α1: a novel regulator of thyroid cancer cell differentiation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3075-3086. [PMID: 37634007 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) mediates the genomic actions of thyroid hormone (T3). The biology of TRα1 in growth and development has been well studied, but the functional role of TRα1 in cancers remains to be elucidated. Analysis of the human thyroid cancer database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that THRA gene expression is lost in highly dedifferentiated anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). We, therefore, explored the effects of TRα1 on the progression of ATC. We stably expressed TRα1 in two human ATC cell lines, THJ-11T (11T-TRα1 #2, #7, and #8) and THJ-16T (16T-TRα1 #3, #4, and #8) cells. We found that the expressed TRα1 inhibited ATC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. TCGA data showed that THRA gene expression was best correlated with the paired box gene 8 (PAX8). Consistently, we found that the PAX8 expression was barely detectable in parental 11T and 16T cells. However, PAX8 gene expression was elevated in 11T- and 16T-TRα1-expressing cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Using various molecular analyses, we found that TRα1 directly regulated the expression of the PAX8 gene. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses (scRNA-seq) demonstrated that TRα1 functions as a transcription factor through multiple signaling pathways to suppress tumor growth. Importantly, scRNA-seq analysis showed that TRα1-induced PAX8, via its transcription program, shifts the cell landscape of ATC toward a differentiated state. The present studies suggest that TRα1 is a newly identified regulator of thyroid differentiation and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Woo Kyung Lee Doolittle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuelin Jack Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Nazzari M, Romitti M, Hauser D, Carvalho DJ, Giselbrecht S, Moroni L, Costagliola S, Caiment F. Investigation of the effects of phthalates on in vitro thyroid models with RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1200211. [PMID: 37810885 PMCID: PMC10556862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phthalates are a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that have been shown to negatively correlate with thyroid hormone serum levels in humans and to cause a state of hyperactivity in the thyroid. However, their mechanism of action is not well described at the molecular level. Methods We analyzed the response of mouse thyroid organoids to the exposure to a biologically relevant dose range of the phthalates bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-decylphthalate (DIDP), di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP), and di-n-octylphthalate (DnOP) for 24 h and simultaneously analyzed mRNA and miRNA expression via RNA sequencing. Using the expression data, we performed differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis. We also exposed the human thyroid follicular epithelial cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 to 1 µM of DEHP or DINP for 5 days and analyzed changes in chromatin accessibility via ATAC-Seq. Results Dose-series analysis showed how the expression of several genes increased or decreased at the highest dose tested. As expected with the low dosing scheme, the compounds induced a modest response on the transcriptome, as we identified changes in only mmu-miR-143-3p after DINP treatment and very few differentially expressed genes. No effect was observed on thyroid markers. Ing5, a component of histones H3 and H4 acetylation complexes, was consistently upregulated in three out of four conditions compared to control, and we observed a partial overlap among the genes differentially expressed by the treatments. Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the treatment samples of the fatty acid metabolism pathway and in the control of pathways related to the receptor signalling and extracellular matrix organization. ATAC-Seq analysis showed a general increase in accessibility compared to the control, however we did not identify significant changes in accessibility in the identified regions. Discussion With this work, we showed that despite having only a few differentially expressed genes, diverse analysis methods could be applied to retrieve relevant information on phthalates, showing the potential of in vitro thyroid-relevant systems for the analysis of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nazzari
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mírian Romitti
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Duncan Hauser
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. Carvalho
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Liu Y, Min Q, Tang J, Yang L, Meng X, Peng T, Jiang M. Transcriptome profiling in rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum tissues during the developmental transition of pre-ruminant to the ruminant in yaks. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1204706. [PMID: 37808112 PMCID: PMC10556492 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1204706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the four stomachs of yak is closely related to its health and performance, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed mRNAs of four stomachs in five growth time points [0 day, 20 days, 60 days, 15 months and 3 years (adult)] of yaks. Overall, the expression patterns of DEmRNAs were unique at 0 d, similar at 20 d and 60 d, and similar at 15 m and adult in four stomachs. The expression pattern in abomasum was markedly different from that in rumen, reticulum and omasum. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis demonstrated that multi-model spectra are drastically enriched over time in four stomachs. All the identified mRNAs in rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum were classified into 6, 4, 7, and 5 cluster profiles, respectively. Modules 9, 38, and 41 were the most significant three colored modules. By weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a total of 5,486 genes were categorized into 10 modules. CCKBR, KCNQ1, FER1L6, and A4GNT were the hub genes of the turquoise module, and PAK6, TRIM29, ADGRF4, TGM1, and TMEM79 were the hub genes of the blue module. Furthermore, functional KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the turquoise module was involved in gastric acid secretion, sphingolipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, etc., and the blue module was enriched in pancreatic secretion, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism, etc. Our study aims to lay a molecular basis for the study of the physiological functions of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum in yaks. It can further elucidate the important roles of these mRNAs in regulation of growth, development and metabolism in yaks, and to provide a theoretical basis for age-appropriate weaning and supplementary feeding in yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Min
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Stryhn JKG, Larsen J, Pedersen PL, Gæde PH. Expressions of mitochondria-related genes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism, and expressions of miRNAs in maternal and cord blood. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 37723507 PMCID: PMC10506244 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and definition by upper thyrotropin (TSH) cutoff are controversial. As mitochondria are influenced by thyroid hormones, the purpose in this study was to measure expression of mitochondria-related genes in euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid pregnant women to obtain more knowledge of potential metabolic consequences of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism. In addition, we wished to test if applied TSH-cutoff significantly changed our results of expressed gene-levels. Moreover, we aimed to identify potential microRNA-biomarkers for subclinical hypothyroidism - markers that could be traced to offspring as well. METHODS From a cohort of at-term pregnant women undergoing planned cesarean section, 77 women had expression levels of the mitochondria-related genes Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β), mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF-2) determined by qPCR from blood sampled in prior to delivery. Two TSH-cutoff levels defining subclinical hypothyroidism (> 3.0 and > 3.7 mIU/L) were applied for the procession of results, generating two data analyses of the same cohort. In 22 pairwise maternal-cord samples (subclinical hypothyroid/euthyroid-rate 0.5, TSH-cutoff > 3.0 mIU/L), microRNA-expressions (miRNA) were analyzed. RESULTS All gene expressions were lower in the subclinical hypothyroid group regardless of applied TSH-cutoff, but insignificant except for PGC-1β at TSH cutoff > 3.0 mIU/L. Two miRNAs (hsa-let-7d-3p and hsa-miR-345-5p) were upregulated in blood from women and offspring (cord blood) with subclinical hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS A trend towards decreased mitochondrial gene expressions in subclinical hypothyroidism were demonstrated. The miRNAs hsa-let-7d-3p and hsa-miR-345-5p might be potential markers of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism. However, larger studies are needed to verify the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Guldberg Stryhn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Slagelse Hospital, Fælledvej 13, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløws Parken, J. B. Winsløws Vej 19, 3, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Larsen
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Roskilde Hospital, Sygehusvej 9, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Palle Lyngsie Pedersen
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Peter Haulund Gæde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløws Parken, J. B. Winsløws Vej 19, 3, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Slagelse Hospital, Fælledvej 7, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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Wang X, Liu X, Li Y, Tang M, Meng X, Chai Y, Zhang L, Zhang H. The causal relationship between thyroid function, autoimune thyroid dysfunction and lung cancer: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:338. [PMID: 37697335 PMCID: PMC10494366 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of thyroid hormones in cancers has been discussed in observational studies; however, the causal relationship between them remains controversial. METHODS The SNPs associated with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were selected from a FinnGen biobank of 342,499 (190,879 females and 151,620 males) Finnish adult subjects. Data from the Thyroidomics Consortium on 72,167 individuals were used to assess genetically determined thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer GWAS data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium(ILCCO). Six different Mendelian randomization (MR) Methods, including Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, Simple mode, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods (MR-PRESSO), Weighted mode and Weighted median were used to Two-Sample MR analysis. IVW was used as the primary estimate. Sensitivity analyses were examined via four aspects (Cochran's Q-test, MR Egger intercept analysis, Funnel plot and Leave-one-out sensitivity test). RESULTS The OR of hypothyroidism on lung cancer was 0.918 (95% CI, 0.859-0.982; p = 0.013) in MR analysis with IVW method. No evidence for effects of hyperthyroidism, TSH and FT4 on lung cancer risk was found via six MR methods. Meanwhile, there was no evidence for effects of lung cancer on hypothyroidism through six MR methods. Lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma were further analyzed on the basis of lung cancer. The OR of hypothyroidism on lung adenocarcinoma was 0.893(95% CI, 0.813-0.981; p = 0.019), the OR of hypothyroidism on squamous cell lung cancer was 0.888(95%CI,0.797-0.990, p = 0.032) in MR analysis with IVW method. CONCLUSION In summary, hypothyroidism genetically had a protective causal association with lung cancer. Furthermore, hypothyroidism had protective effects both on lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer. Further work is needed to elucidate the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Mulin Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yuwei Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Wang J, Li G, Liu S, Miao J, Sun Q, Gu W, Mao X. Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 by thyroid hormone triggers abnormal B-cell activation. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1007. [PMID: 37773690 PMCID: PMC10540142 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breakdown of tolerance and abnormal activation of B cells is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD). High levels of thyroid hormones (THs) play important roles in GD progression. However, the interactions between THs and abnormal activation of B cells remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the effect of high levels of THs on TLR4 expression and abnormal B cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from patients with GD and healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the frequency of B cells, their subsets, and TLR4 expression in B cells. A high-level T3 mouse model was used to study the interaction between THs and the TLR4 signalling pathway. RESULTS We found that the frequencies of CD19+ , CD19+ TLR4+ , CD19+ CD86+ , and CD19+ CD138+ B cells were significantly higher, as were the expression levels of MRP8/MRP14 and MRP6 and MRP8, MRP14, and MRP6 messenger RNA (mRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with GD. In high-level T3 mice models, the serum MRP8/MRP14 and MRP6 levels and the TLR4 mRNA expression in PBMCs were significantly higher. TLR4 mRNA, protein expression, and cytokines downstream of TLR4, such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear transcription factor-κB, were also increased in mouse spleen mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that high levels of T3 can induce abnormal differentiation and activation of B cells by promoting TLR4 overexpression and provide novel insights into the roles of THs in the pathogenesis of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guo‐Qing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing‐Jing Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wen‐Sha Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao‐Ming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Alotayk LI, Aldubayan MA, Alenezi SK, Anwar MJ, Alhowail AH. Comparative evaluation of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin on cognitive dysfunction in rats: Delineating the role of inflammation of hippocampal neurons and hypothyroidism. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115245. [PMID: 37523981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and cisplatin are commonly used to treat a variety of cancers and often result in chemobrain, which manifests as difficulties in learning and memory processes that can persist in the years following treatment. The current study aims to evaluate the cognitive function following treatment with these agents and the underlying mechanisms using a rat model of neuroinflammation and possible implication of thyroid toxicity in chemotherapy induced cognitive dysfunction. Wistar female rats were treated with a single dose of doxorubicin (DOX, 25 mg/kg), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 100 mg/kg), cisplatin (8 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide (CYP, 200 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. The cognitive performance of rats was then evaluated in spatial memory tasks using the Y-maze, novel object recognition (NOR), and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4, FT3, and FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured, followed by estimation of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in the hippocampal tissue. Results revealed that all the chemotherapeutic agents produced impairment of cognitive function, and significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β in the hippocampal tissues. There was a significant reduction in thyroid hormones (T3, FT3, and T4) and an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum, which may also have contributed to the decline in cognitive function. In conclusion, DOX, 5-FU, CYP, and cisplatin produces impairment of spatial memory possibly by inflammation of hippocampal neurons and endocrine disruption (hypothyroidism) in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis I Alotayk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam K Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Jamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Ma H, Yang F, York LR, Li S, Ding XQ. Excessive Thyroid Hormone Signaling Induces Photoreceptor Degeneration in Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0058-23.2023. [PMID: 37596046 PMCID: PMC10481642 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0058-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in inherited and age-related retinal degenerative diseases, ultimately leading to loss of vision. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Recent studies have shown a link between TH signaling and retinal degeneration. This work investigates the effects of excessive TH signaling on photoreceptor function and survival in mice. C57BL/6, Thra1 -/-, Thrb2 -/-, Thrb -/-, and the cone dominant Nrl -/- mice received triiodothyronine (T3) treatment (5-20 μg/ml in drinking water) for 30 d, followed by evaluations of retinal function, photoreceptor survival/death, and retinal stress/damage. Treatment with T3 reduced light responses of rods and cones by 50-60%, compared with untreated controls. Outer nuclear layer thickness and cone density were reduced by ∼18% and 75%, respectively, after T3 treatment. Retinal sections prepared from T3-treated mice showed significantly increased numbers of TUNEL-positive, p-γH2AX-positive, and 8-OHdG-positive cells, and activation of Müller glial cells. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of the genes involved in oxidative stress, necroptosis, and inflammation after T3 treatment. Deletion of Thra1 prevented T3-induced degeneration of rods but not cones, whereas deletion of Thrb2 preserved both rods and cones. Treatment with an antioxidant partially preserved photoreceptors and reduced retinal stress responses. This study demonstrates that excessive TH signaling induces oxidative stress/damage and necroptosis, induces photoreceptor degeneration, and impairs retinal function. The findings provide insights into the role of TH signaling in retinal degeneration and support the view of targeting TH signaling for photoreceptor protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Lilliana R York
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Xi-Qin Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Pratiwi HM, Hirasawa M, Kato K, Munakata K, Ueda S, Moriyama Y, Yu R, Kawanishi T, Tanaka M. Heterochronic development of pelvic fins in zebrafish: possible involvement of temporal regulation of pitx1 expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170691. [PMID: 37691823 PMCID: PMC10483283 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior and posterior paired appendages of vertebrates are notable examples of heterochrony in the relative timing of their development. In teleosts, posterior paired appendages (pelvic fin buds) emerge much later than their anterior paired appendages (pectoral fin buds). Pelvic fin buds of zebrafish (Danio rerio) appear at 3 weeks post-fertilization (wpf) during the larva-to-juvenile transition (metamorphosis), whereas pectoral fin buds arise from the lateral plate mesoderm on the yolk surface at the embryonic stage. Here we explored the mechanism by which presumptive pelvic fin cells maintain their fate, which is determined at the embryonic stage, until the onset of metamorphosis. Expression analysis revealed that transcripts of pitx1, one of the key factors for the development of posterior paired appendages, became briefly detectable in the posterior lateral plate mesoderm at early embryonic stages. Further analysis indicated that the pelvic fin-specific pitx1 enhancer was in the poised state at the larval stage and is activated at the juvenile stage. We discuss the implications of these findings for the heterochronic development of pelvic fin buds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikiko Tanaka
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Renzelli V, Gallo M, Morviducci L, Marino G, Ragni A, Tuveri E, Faggiano A, Mazzilli R, Natalicchio A, Zatelli MC, Montagnani M, Fogli S, Giuffrida D, Argentiero A, Danesi R, D’Oronzo S, Gori S, Franchina T, Russo A, Monami M, Sciacca L, Cinieri S, Colao A, Avogaro A, Di Cianni G, Giorgino F, Silvestris N. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Human Health: Effects on Metabolism, Diabetes and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4237. [PMID: 37686512 PMCID: PMC10486428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the role of endocrine disruptors (EDs) derived from commonly employed compounds for manufacturing and processing in altering hormonal signaling and function. Due to their prolonged half-life and persistence, EDs can usually be found not only in industrial products but also in households and in the environment, creating the premises for long-lasting exposure. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are common EDs used in industrial products such as flame retardants, and recent studies are increasingly showing that they may interfere with both metabolic and oncogenic pathways. In this article, a multidisciplinary panel of experts of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and the Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) provides a review on the potential role of PBDEs in human health and disease, exploring both molecular and clinical aspects and focusing on metabolic and oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Renzelli
- Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists, 00192 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Gallo
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo of Alessandria, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Lelio Morviducci
- Diabetology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical Specialities, ASL Roma 1, S. Spirito Hospital, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Marino
- Internal Medicine Department, Ospedale dei Castelli, Asl Roma 6, 00040 Ariccia, Italy;
| | - Alberto Ragni
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo of Alessandria, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Enzo Tuveri
- Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Service, ASL-Sulcis, 09016 Iglesias, Italy;
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical & Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (F.G.)
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, 95029 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Stella D’Oronzo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefania Gori
- Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Don Calabria-Sacro Cuore di Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy;
| | - Tindara Franchina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (T.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Matteo Monami
- Diabetology, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology Division, Breast Unit, Senatore Antonio Perrino Hospital, ASL Brindisi, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- UNESCO Chair, Education for Health and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (F.G.)
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (T.F.); (N.S.)
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Alcaide Martin A, Mayerl S. Local Thyroid Hormone Action in Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12352. [PMID: 37569727 PMCID: PMC10418487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper brain development essentially depends on the timed availability of sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone (TH). This, in turn, necessitates a tightly regulated expression of TH signaling components such as TH transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors in a brain region- and cell-specific manner from early developmental stages onwards. Abnormal TH levels during critical stages, as well as mutations in TH signaling components that alter the global and/or local thyroidal state, result in detrimental consequences for brain development and neurological functions that involve alterations in central neurotransmitter systems. Thus, the question as to how TH signaling is implicated in the development and maturation of different neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems has gained increasing attention. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of TH signaling components during brain development. We then present recent advances in our understanding on how altered TH signaling compromises the development of cortical glutamatergic neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. Thereby, we highlight novel mechanistic insights and point out open questions in this evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Marino L, Kim A, Ni B, Celi FS. Thyroid hormone action and liver disease, a complex interplay. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00521. [PMID: 37535802 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone action is involved in virtually all physiological processes. It is well known that the liver and thyroid are intimately linked, with thyroid hormone playing important roles in de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation (fatty acid oxidation), cholesterol metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Clinical and mechanistic research studies have shown that thyroid hormone can be involved in chronic liver diseases, including alcohol-associated or NAFLD and HCC. Thyroid hormone action and synthetic thyroid hormone analogs can exert beneficial actions in terms of lowering lipids, preventing chronic liver disease and as liver anticancer agents. More recently, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that some analogs of thyroid hormone could also play a role in the treatment of liver disease. These synthetic molecules, thyromimetics, can modulate lipid metabolism, particularly in NAFLD/NASH. In this review, we first summarize the thyroid hormone signaling axis in the context of liver biology, then we describe the changes in thyroid hormone signaling in liver disease and how liver diseases affect the thyroid hormone homeostasis, and finally we discuss the use of thyroid hormone-analog for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Alliance Pharma, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Filfilan WM. Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Thermoregulatory Mechanisms of the Body: Review. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:453-457. [PMID: 38044694 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.453.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a critical role in metabolism, energy balance and thermogenesis. The mechanisms whereby thyroid hormone increases heat production have been analyzed with emphasis in more recent developments. Thyroid hormone increases obligatory thermogenesis as a result of the stimulation of numerous metabolic pathways involved in the development, remodeling and delivery of energy to the tissues. In this section, alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism will be contrasted with the physiological characteristics of TH-dependent regulation in response to fasting and exposure to cold. The current review will discuss the situation with regard to regional thyroid hormones in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and more specifically, in peripheral cells. When caused by exposure to cold or fasting, local anomalies in the CNS are distinct from peripheral compartments, in contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which differ when similar changes are observed. Lower hypothalamic TH concentrations are associated with cold exposure, although higher peripheral TH levels. The TH tendency is reversed by fasting. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism impair them. The current study aims to trace the various mechanisms used by the thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy production process.
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Zhao X, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Yao X, Zhang W. Effect of different iodide intake during pregnancy and lactation on thyroid and cardiovascular function in maternal and offspring rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127267. [PMID: 37506535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the impact of different iodide intake during pregnancy and lactation on iodine concentration in urine and serum, fatty acid metabolism, thyroid and cardiovascular function in maternal and offspring rats. METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal adult iodide intake (NAI, 7.5 μg/d), normal pregnant iodide intake (NPI, 12.5 μg/d), 5 times (5 HI, 62.5 μg/d) and 10 times higher-than-normal pregnant iodide intake (10 HI, 125 μg/d). The maternal rats were continuously administered potassium iodide until postnatal day 16 (PN16). Thyroid function was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The iodine concentration in urine and serum were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) and thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Characteristic distribution of KLF9 expression and its interaction with TRβ was assessed by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Serum fatty acids were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Cardiac function and blood pressure were measured by echocardiography and a non-invasive tail-cuff system. RESULTS High iodide intake (5 HI and 10 HI) during pregnancy and lactation results in increased urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum total iodine concentration (STIC) and serum non-protein-bound iodine concentration (SNBIC) in both maternal and offspring rats, along with significantly increased FT3 and its target gene expression of KLF9. In maternal rats of both 5 HI and 10 HI groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher, the increased SBP was significantly correlated with the increased UIC (r = 0.968, p = 0.002; r = 0.844, p = 0.035), KLF9 (r = 0.935, p = 0.006; r = 0.954, p = 0.003) and the decreased Txnrd2 (r = -0.909, p = 0.012; r = -0.912, p = 0.011). In maternal rats of 10 HI group, cardiac hyperfunction with increased LVEF, LVFS and decreased LVESD were observed. The increased LVEF and decreased LVESD were significantly correlated with UIC, STIC and SNBIC (r = 0.976, p = 0.001; r = 0.945, p = 0.005; r = 0.953, p = 0.003; r = -0.917, p = 0.01; r = -0.859, p = 0.028; r = -0.847, p = 0.033), LVEF, LVFS and LVESD were significant correlated with KLF9 (r = 0.950, p = 0.004; r = 0.963, p = 0.002; r = -0.990, p = 0.0002) and Txnrd2 expression (r = -0.979, p = 0.001; r = -0.915, p = 0.01; r = 0.933, p = 0.007), and the decreased LVESD was correlated with decreased epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolites: 5,6-EET, 8,9-DHET and 11,12-DHET (r = 0.999, p = 0.034; r = 1.000, p = 0.017; r = 1.000, p = 0.017). While in offspring rats, no significant change in SBP and cardiac function was found. STIC and SNBIC were much lower than those in maternal rats, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) metabolites (9-HEPE, 15-HEPE and 14,15 DiHETE) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION In addition to thyroid hormones, STIC, SNBIC, KLF9, Txnrd2, EET and EPA metabolites might be promising biomarkers in high iodide intake-induced thyroid and cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hexi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Martinez ME, Wu Z, Hernandez A. Paternal developmental thyrotoxicosis disrupts neonatal leptin leading to increased adiposity and altered physiology of the melanocortin system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210414. [PMID: 37560296 PMCID: PMC10407661 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic code does not fully explain individual variability and inheritance of susceptibility to endocrine conditions, suggesting the contribution of epigenetic factors acting across generations. Methods We used a mouse model of developmental thyrotoxicosis (Dio3-/- mouse) to analyze endocrine outcomes in the adult offspring of Dio3-/- males using standard methods for body composition, and baseline and fasting hormonal and gene expression determinations in serum and tissues of relevance to the control of energy balance. Results Compared to controls, adult females with an exposed father (EF females) exhibited higher body weight and fat mass, but not lean mass, a phenotype that was much milder in EF males. After fasting, both EF females and males exhibited a more pronounced decrease in body weight than controls. EF females also showed markedly elevated serum leptin, increased white adipose tissue mRNA expression of leptin and mesoderm-specific transcript but decreased expression of type 2 deiodinase. EF females exhibited decreased serum ghrelin, which showed more pronounced post-fasting changes in EF females than in control females. EF female hypothalami also revealed significant decreases in the expression of pro-opiomelanocortin, agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y and melanocortin receptor 4. These markers also showed larger changes in response to fasting in EF females than in control females. Adult EF females showed no abnormalities in serum thyroid hormones, but pituitary expression of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 and thyroid gland expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, thyroid peroxidase and iodotyrosine deiodinase were increased at baseline and showed differential regulation after fasting, with no increase in Trhr1 expression and more pronounced reductions in Tshr, Tpo and Iyd. In EF males, these abnormalities were generally milder. In addition, postnatal day 14 (P14) serum leptin was markedly reduced in EF pups. Discussion A paternal excess of thyroid hormone during development modifies the endocrine programming and energy balance in the offspring in a sexually dimorphic manner, with baseline and dynamic range alterations in the leptin-melanocortin system and thyroid gland, and consequences for adiposity phenotypes. We conclude that thyroid hormone overexposure may have important implications for the non-genetic, inherited etiology of endocrine and metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Zhaofei Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Dahll LK, Westbye AB, Vinorum K, Sejersted Y, Barøy T, Thorsby PM, Hammerstad SS. Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Untreated Adult Patients With Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Alpha. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad089. [PMID: 37469961 PMCID: PMC10353041 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormone resistance due to pathogenic variants in thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) is rare and descriptions of patients are sparse. The disorder is probably underdiagnosed as patients may have normal thyroid function tests. Treatment with thyroxine in childhood improves clinical symptoms. However, it is not clear if treatment has beneficial effects if started in adulthood. Cases We investigated 4 previously untreated Caucasian adult first-degree-related patients with the THRA c.788C > T, p.(Ala263Val) variant identified by a gene panel for intellectual disability in the index patient. Clinical data and previous investigations were obtained from medical reports. Results During childhood and adolescence, short stature, short limbs, metacarpals, and phalanges, and delayed bone age maturation were observed. Delayed motor and language development and decreased intellectual and learning abilities were described. Abdominal adiposity, round face, and increased head circumference were common features. All individuals complained of tiredness, constipation, and low mood. While thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were within the reference range, free triiodothyronine (FT3) was high. FT4/FT3 ratio and reverse T3 were low. Other main features were low hemoglobin and high LDL/HDL ratio. Conclusion Investigation of 4 first-degree-related adult patients with untreated resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) revealed more pronounced phenotype features and hypothyroid symptoms than previously described in patients treated with levothyroxine from childhood or adolescence. The delay in diagnosis is probably due to normal thyroid function tests. We suggest that THRA analysis should be performed in patients with specific clinical features, as treatment in early childhood may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Koren Dahll
- Correspondence: Louise K. Dahll, MD, The Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950, Aker sykehus, Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| | - Alexander Bauer Westbye
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Work Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Kristin Vinorum
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Yngve Sejersted
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Tuva Barøy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Work Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Sara Salehi Hammerstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
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48
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Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Kyono Y, Denver RJ. Metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole brain. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287858. [PMID: 37384728 PMCID: PMC10310023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian metamorphosis is controlled by thyroid hormone (TH), which binds TH receptors (TRs) to regulate gene expression programs that underlie morphogenesis. Gene expression screens using tissues from premetamorphic tadpoles treated with TH identified some TH target genes, but few studies have analyzed genome-wide changes in gene regulation during spontaneous metamorphosis. We analyzed RNA sequencing data at four developmental stages from the beginning to the end of spontaneous metamorphosis, conducted on the neuroendocrine centers of Xenopus tropicalis tadpole brain. We also conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) for TRs, and we compared gene expression changes during metamorphosis with those induced by exogenous TH. The mRNA levels of 26% of protein coding genes changed during metamorphosis; about half were upregulated and half downregulated. Twenty four percent of genes whose mRNA levels changed during metamorphosis had TR ChIP-seq peaks. Genes involved with neural cell differentiation, cell physiology, synaptogenesis and cell-cell signaling were upregulated, while genes involved with cell cycle, protein synthesis, and neural stem/progenitor cell homeostasis were downregulated. There is a shift from building neural structures early in the metamorphic process, to the differentiation and maturation of neural cells and neural signaling pathways characteristic of the adult frog brain. Only half of the genes modulated by treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles with TH for 16 h changed expression during metamorphosis; these represented 33% of the genes whose mRNA levels changed during metamorphosis. Taken together, our results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis for metamorphosis of tadpole brain, and they highlight potential caveats for interpreting gene regulation changes in premetamorphic tadpoles induced by exogenous TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhitha Raj
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Sifuentes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiro Kyono
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Huang K, Zhou W, Fu J, Zhang Q, Teng Y, Gu L, Fu Y, Hu B, Mei Y, Zhang H, Zhang A, Fu J, Jiang G. Linking Transthyretin-Binding Chemicals and Free Thyroid Hormones: In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation Based on a Competitive Binding Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:9130-9139. [PMID: 37261382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Large numbers of pollutants competitively inhibit the binding between thyroid hormones and transthyretin (TTR) in vitro. However, the impact of this unintended binding on free thyroid hormones in vivo has not yet been characterized. Herein, we established a quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) method based on a competitive binding model to quantify the effect of TTR-binding chemicals on free thyroid hormones in human blood. Twenty-five TTR-binding chemicals including 6 hydroxyl polybromodiphenyl ethers (OH-PDBEs), 6 hydroxyl polychlorobiphenyls (OH-PCBs), 4 halogenphenols, 5 per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs), and 4 phenols were selected for investigation. Incorporating the in vitro binding parameters and human exposure data, the QIVIVE model could well predict the in vivo effect on free thyroid hormones. Co-exposure to twenty-five typical TTR-binding chemicals resulted in median increases of 0.080 and 0.060% in circulating levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in the general population. Individuals with occupational exposure to TTR-binding chemicals suffered 1.88-32.2% increases in free thyroid hormone levels. This study provides a quantitative tool to evaluate the thyroid-disrupting risks of TTR-binding chemicals and proposes a new framework for assessing the in vivo effects of chemical exposures on endogenous molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunhe Teng
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Luyao Gu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyuan Hu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yang Mei
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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50
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Monko TR, Tripp EH, Burr SE, Gunderson KN, Lanier LM, Georgieff MK, Bastian TW. Cellular Iron Deficiency Disrupts Thyroid Hormone Regulated Gene Expression in Developing Hippocampal Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.17.545408. [PMID: 37398002 PMCID: PMC10312787 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.17.545408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Developing neurons have high thyroid hormone and iron requirements to support their metabolism and growth. Early-life iron and thyroid hormone deficiencies are prevalent, often coexist, and increase the risk of permanently impaired neurobehavioral function in children. Early-life dietary iron deficiency reduces thyroid hormone levels and impairs thyroid hormone-responsive gene expression in the neonatal rat brain. Objective This study determined whether neuronal-specific iron deficiency alters thyroid hormone-regulated gene expression in developing neurons. Methods Iron deficiency was induced in primary mouse embryonic hippocampal neuron cultures with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) beginning at 3 days in vitro (DIV). At 11DIV and 18DIV, mRNA levels for thyroid hormone-regulated genes indexing thyroid hormone homeostasis (Hr, Crym, Dio2, Slco1c1, Slc16a2) and neurodevelopment (Nrgn, Pvalb, Klf9) were quantified. To assess the effect of iron repletion, DFO was removed at 14DIV from a subset of DFO-treated cultures and gene expression and ATP levels were quantified at 21DIV. Results At 11DIV and 18DIV, neuronal iron deficiency decreased Nrgn, Pvalb, and Crym, and by 18DIV, Slc16a2, Slco1c1, Dio2, and Hr were increased; collectively suggesting cellular sensing of a functionally abnormal thyroid hormone state. Dimensionality reduction with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reveals that thyroid hormone homeostatic genes strongly correlate with and predict iron status (Tfr1 mRNA). Iron repletion from 14-21DIV restored neurodevelopmental genes, but not all thyroid hormone homeostatic genes, and ATP concentrations remained significantly altered. PCA clustering suggests that cultures replete with iron maintain a gene expression signature indicative of previous iron deficiency. Conclusions These novel findings suggest there is an intracellular mechanism coordinating cellular iron/thyroid hormone activities. We speculate this is a part of homeostatic response to match neuronal energy production and growth signaling for these important metabolic regulators. However, iron deficiency may cause permanent deficits in thyroid hormone-dependent neurodevelopmental processes even after recovery from iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Monko
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Emma H Tripp
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Sierra E Burr
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | - Thomas W Bastian
- University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
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