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G Popova P, Chen SP, Liao S, Sadarangani M, Blakney AK. Clinical perspective on topical vaccination strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115292. [PMID: 38522725 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most successful measures in modern medicine to combat diseases, especially infectious diseases, and saves millions of lives every year. Vaccine design and development remains critical and involves many aspects, including the choice of platform, antigen, adjuvant, and route of administration. Topical vaccination, defined herein as the introduction of a vaccine to any of the three layers of the human skin, has attracted interest in recent years as an alternative vaccination approach to the conventional intramuscular administration because of its potential to be needle-free and induce a superior immune response against pathogens. In this review, we describe recent progress in developing topical vaccines, highlight progress in the development of delivery technologies for topical vaccines, discuss potential factors that might impact the topical vaccine efficacy, and provide an overview of the current clinical landscape of topical vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya G Popova
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sunny P Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Suiyang Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Anna K Blakney
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B9, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Park H, Patil TV, Dutta SD, Lee J, Ganguly K, Randhawa A, Kim H, Lim KT. Extracellular Matrix-Bioinspired Anisotropic Topographical Cues of Electrospun Nanofibers: A Strategy of Wound Healing through Macrophage Polarization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304114. [PMID: 38295299 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The skin serves as the body's outermost barrier and is the largest organ, providing protection not only to the body but also to various internal organs. Owing to continuous exposure to various external factors, it is susceptible to damage that can range from simple to severe, including serious types of wounds such as burns or chronic wounds. Macrophages play a crucial role in the entire wound-healing process and contribute significantly to skin regeneration. Initially, M1 macrophages infiltrate to phagocytose bacteria, debris, and dead cells in fresh wounds. As tissue repair is activated, M2 macrophages are promoted, reducing inflammation and facilitating restoration of the dermis and epidermis to regenerate the tissue. This suggests that extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, migrationand macrophage polarization. Among the numerous strategies, electrospinning is a versatile technique for obtaining ECM-mimicking structures with anisotropic and isotropic topologies of micro/nanofibers. Various electrospun biomaterials influence macrophage polarization based on their isotropic or anisotropic topologies. Moreover, these fibers possess a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, promoting the effective exchange of vital nutrients and oxygen, which are crucial for cell viability and tissue regeneration. Micro/nanofibers with diverse physical and chemical properties can be tailored to polarize macrophages toward skin regeneration and wound healing, depending on specific requirements. This review describes the significance of micro/nanostructures for activating macrophages and promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseo Park
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Eymard F, Aron-Wisnewsky J. Osteoarthritis in patients with obesity: The bariatric surgery impacts on its evolution. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105639. [PMID: 37734439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Moreover, obesity is associated with greater pain intensity and functional limitation, but also with a significantly lower responder rate to intra-articular treatments. Consequently, an arthroplasty is indicated earlier and more frequently in patients with obesity. However, pain and functional symptoms improve slightly less after arthroplasty in patients with obesity, who display higher incidence of early and late complications following prosthetic surgery. Bariatric surgery (BS) has increased worldwide and is efficient to induce major and sustainable weight-loss. Importantly, BS significantly reduces pain and functional limitation in patients with symptomatic knee OA. Biomarkers analysis also revealed a decrease in catabolic factors and an increase in anabolic one after BS suggesting a structural protective effect in knee OA. Nevertheless, the impact of BS prior to arthroplasty remains unclear. BS seems to decrease short- and mid-term complications such as infections or thrombosis. However, BS does not appear to modify long-term complications rate, and may even increase it, especially revisions and infections. Although few studies have compared the symptomatic and functional outcomes of joint replacement with or without BS, these are not significantly improved by prior BS. Despite these heterogeneous results, medico-economic studies found that BS prior to arthroplasty was cost-effective. To conclude, BS could significantly reduce the symptoms of OA and potentially slow its progression, but appears more disappointing in preventing long-term complications of arthroplasties and improving their functional results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Eymard
- Department of Rheumatology, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne université, Inserm, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, 75013 Paris, France
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Medina A, Bruno J, Alemán JO. Metabolic flux analysis in adipose tissue reprogramming. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00039. [PMID: 38455681 PMCID: PMC10916752 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States and worldwide and is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, among other comorbidities. Understanding of the pathology that links overnutrition to these disease processes is ongoing. Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous organ comprised of multiple different cell types and it is likely that dysregulated metabolism within these cell populations disrupts both inter- and intracellular interactions and is a key driver of human disease. In recent years, metabolic flux analysis, which offers a precise quantification of metabolic pathway fluxes in biological systems, has emerged as a candidate strategy for uncovering the metabolic changes that stoke these disease processes. In this mini review, we discuss metabolic flux analysis as an experimental tool, with a specific emphasis on mass spectrometry with isotope tracing as this is the technique most frequently used for metabolic flux analysis in adipocytes. Furthermore, we examine existing literature that uses metabolic flux analysis to further our understanding of adipose tissue biology. Our group has a specific interest in understanding the role of white adipose tissue inflammation in the progression of cardiometabolic disease, as we know that in obesity the accumulation of pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages is associated with significant morbidity, so we use this as a paradigm throughout our review for framing the application of these experimental techniques. However, there are many other biological applications to which they can be applied to further understanding of not only adipose tissue biology but also systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Medina
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne Bruno
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - José O. Alemán
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Bril F, Ezeh U, Amiri M, Hatoum S, Pace L, Chen YH, Bertrand F, Gower B, Azziz R. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:10-24. [PMID: 37329216 PMCID: PMC10735305 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic trait and the most common endocrine disorder of women, clinically evident in 5% to 15% of reproductive-aged women globally, with associated cardiometabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of PCOS even in patients who do not have excess adiposity. METHODS We undertook a systematic review concerning AT dysfunction in PCOS, and prioritized studies that assessed AT function directly. We also explored therapies that targeted AT dysfunction for the treatment of PCOS. RESULTS Various mechanisms of AT dysfunction in PCOS were identified including dysregulation in storage capacity, hypoxia, and hyperplasia; impaired adipogenesis; impaired insulin signaling and glucose transport; dysregulated lipolysis and nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFAs) kinetics; adipokine and cytokine dysregulation and subacute inflammation; epigenetic dysregulation; and mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Decreased glucose transporter-4 expression and content in adipocytes, leading to decreased insulin-mediated glucose transport in AT, was a consistent abnormality despite no alterations in insulin binding or in IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling. Adiponectin secretion in response to cytokines/chemokines is affected in PCOS compared to controls. Interestingly, epigenetic modulation via DNA methylation and microRNA regulation appears to be important mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction in PCOS. CONCLUSION AT dysfunction, more than AT distribution and excess adiposity, contributes to the metabolic and inflammation abnormalities of PCOS. Nonetheless, many studies provided contradictory, unclear, or limited data, highlighting the urgent need for additional research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bril
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Uche Ezeh
- California IVF Fertility Center, Sacramento, CA 95833, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mina Amiri
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1516745811, Iran
| | - Sana Hatoum
- Foundation for Research and Education Excellence, Vestavia, AL 35243, USA
| | - Lauren Pace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Research, Biomere-West, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Fred Bertrand
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barbara Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Healthcare Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Kuziel G, Moore BN, Haugstad GP, Xiong Y, Williams AE, Arendt LM. Alterations in the mammary gland and tumor microenvironment of formerly obese mice. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1183. [PMID: 38041006 PMCID: PMC10693119 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer, and women with obesity that develop breast cancer have a worsened prognosis. Within the mammary gland, obesity causes chronic, macrophage-driven inflammation and adipose tissue fibrosis. Weight loss is a recommended intervention to resolve obesity, but the impact of weight loss on the mammary gland microenvironment and in tumors has not been well identified. METHODS To examine the effects of weight loss following obesity, mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to induce obesity, then switched to a low-fat diet for 6 weeks. We examined changes in immune cells, including fibrocytes, which are myeloid lineage cells that have attributes of both macrophages and myofibroblasts, and collagen deposition within the mammary glands of non-tumor-bearing mice and within the tumors of mice that were transplanted with estrogen receptor alpha positive TC2 tumor cells. RESULTS In formerly obese mice, we observed reduced numbers of crown-like structures and fibrocytes in mammary glands, while collagen deposition was not resolved with weight loss. Following transplant of TC2 tumor cells into the mammary glands of lean, obese, and formerly obese mice, diminished collagen deposition and cancer-associated fibroblasts were observed in tumors from formerly obese mice compared to obese mice. Within tumors of obese mice, increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells and diminished CD8+ T cells were identified, while the microenvironment of tumors of formerly obese mice were more similar to tumors from lean mice. When TC2 tumor cells were mixed with CD11b+CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells, which are the cells of origin for fibrocytes, and transplanted into mammary glands of lean and obese mice, collagen deposition within the tumors of both lean and obese was significantly greater than when tumor cells were mixed with CD11b+CD34- monocytes or total CD45+ immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these studies demonstrate that weight loss resolved some of the microenvironmental conditions within the mammary gland that may contribute to tumor progression. Additionally, fibrocytes may contribute to early collagen deposition in mammary tumors of obese mice leading to the growth of desmoplastic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevra Kuziel
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Brittney N Moore
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Grace P Haugstad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Abbey E Williams
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive Rm 4354A, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Wang L, Wang R, Yu X, Shi Y, Li S, Yuan Y. Effects of Calorie Restriction and Fasting on Macrophage: Potential Impact on Disease Outcomes? Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300380. [PMID: 37771201 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Energy restriction, including calorie restriction and fasting, has garnered significant attention for its potential therapeutic effects on a range of chronic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer) and aging. Since macrophages are critical players in many diseases, their response to energy restriction may impact disease outcomes. However, the diverse metabolic patterns and functions of macrophages can lead to variability in the effects of energy restriction on macrophages across different tissues and disease states. This review outlines the effects of energy restriction on macrophages in several diseases, offering valuable guidance for future studies and insights into the clinical applications of calorie restriction and fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yuhuan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Fassini PG, Carlos D, de Paula NA, Ramalho LNZ, Rodrigues Giuliani M, Pereira ÍS, Guimarães JB, Suen VMM. The Dose-Dependent Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Inflammatory Response and Gut Microbiota Profile in High-Fat Fed C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300378. [PMID: 37818762 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The prevalence of obesity has increased, with excessive consumption of high-fat foods being one of the primary causes. Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa L., exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The study aims to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation in different doses on the biochemical profile, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota profile in mice that are fed with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 male mice are fed a standard diet, or a HFD with or without different doses of curcumin (50, 250, and 500 mg kg-1 of body weight). Throughout the experimental period, food intake and body weight are assessed weekly. At euthanasia, blood, stool, and tissue samples are collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. Curcumin increases the IL-10 protein expression in the white adipose tissue. In the liver, there is a reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and an increase in IL-10 gene expression. Also, curcumin promotes the growth of butyrogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that curcumin has the potential to improve the inflammatory response and modulate healthy gut microbiota. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of curcumin as a preventive and effective strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Aparecida de Paula
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Náira Zambelli Ramalho
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Rodrigues Giuliani
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Sousa Pereira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li W, Xu H, Li Y, Shi X, Ma Z, Yang F, Chen W. Identifying Ferroptosis-Related Genes Associated with Weight Loss Outcomes and Regulation of Adipocyte Microenvironment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300168. [PMID: 37599272 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The study is about the influence of ferroptosis-related genes combined with the immune microenvironment exerted on weight control outcomes and systematic analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) samples from 11 subjects with good outcome and 10 subjects with poor outcome in weight management are obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The results are validated in vivo in animal models with different weight loss outcomes. The CIBERSORT algorithm is used to evaluate the differences in immune cell infiltration in each sample. Patients with poor outcome have higher levels of ferroptosis in the adipose tissue. Remarkable differences in cytokine production, nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) transcription factor activity, leukocyte migration involved in the inflammatory response, and other biological processes are also observed compared to that in the well-controlled group. Aldo-keto reductase family 1-member C1(AKR1C1), nuclear receptor coactivator 4(NCOA4), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC) are identified as core predictive markers and their expression patterns are confirmed in animal models. CONCLUSIONS Ferroptosis and its mediated inflammation play an important role in long-term weight control, and analyses of the role of ferroptosis-related genes(FRGs) in weight control may provide new potential therapeutic targets for long-term weight control. Anti-inflammatory diets that mitigate inflammatory responses and affect ferroptosis may be considered in the future to improve weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanyuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaotian Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
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Phillips CL, Le TT, Lirette ST, Welch BA, Glover SC, Dungey A, Vick KD, Grayson BE. Immune marker reductions in black and white Americans following sleeve gastrectomy in the short-term phase of surgical weight loss. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288868. [PMID: 37490455 PMCID: PMC10368278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical weight loss procedures like vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are sufficient in resolving obesity comorbidities and are touted to reduce the burden of pro-inflammatory cytokines and augment the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Recent reports suggest a reduced improvement in weight resolution after SG in Black Americans (BA) versus White Americans (WA). The goal of this study was to determine if differences in immunoglobulin levels and general markers of inflammation after SG in Black Americans (BA) and White Americans (WA) may contribute to this differential resolution. METHODS Personal information, anthropometric data, and plasma samples were collected from 58 participants (24 BA and 34 WA) before and 6 weeks after SG for the measurement of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, C-reactive protein (CRP), and transforming growth factor (TGFβ). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship of measures of body size and weight and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Both IgG and CRP were significantly elevated in BA in comparison to WA prior to weight loss. Collectively, IgG, TGFβ, and CRP were all significantly reduced at six weeks following SG. CRP levels in BA were reduced to a similar extent as WA, but IgG levels were more dramatically reduced in BA than WA despite the overall higher starting concentration. No change was observed in IgA and IgM. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SG improves markers of immune function in both BA and WA. More diverse markers of immune health should be studied in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Phillips
- Program in Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Tran T. Le
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Seth T. Lirette
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Bradley A. Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Sarah C. Glover
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Adam Dungey
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Vick
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Bernadette E. Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
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11
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Aguilo-Seara G, Molair W, Shang H, Northrup S, Grosser JA, Llull R, Katz A. Extent of Tissue Washing Can Significantly Alter the Composition of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Preparations: Implications for Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:391-399. [PMID: 37317551 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell preparations have recently attracted much interest as a form of autologous cell therapy. These heterogenous cell populations typically include some proportion of blood-derived cells (BDCs)-including both red blood cells (RBCs) and leukocytes (WBCs). The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the effects of tissue washing and hypotonic RBC lysis-separately and together-on BDC concentrations within SVF, and further to explore whether BDCs can confer detectable and modifiable effects on adipose-derived cell activity. Using various cell culture assays, flow cytometry and ELISA analysis of human-derived SVF preparations, we show that thorough washing of adipose tissue prior to enzymatic dissociation effectively removes RBCs from SVF preparations as well as standard lysis methods and significantly alters the type and relative quantities of WBCs. In addition, these studies demonstrate that potentially toxic RBC components are detectable for up to 1 week in cultures containing RBC lysate, but not those with intact RBCs, and, that culture-expanded cells proliferate significantly more in the presence of intact RBCs versus RBC lysis products or control media. Broadly, these data exemplify how different seemingly mundane tissue processing steps can significantly influence SVF identity/composition, purity, and potency. Based on the findings of this work, we propose that translational efforts in the field would benefit by a better understanding of the impact of RBCs, WBCs, and non-viable cells on the in vivo therapeutic activity of SVF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguilo-Seara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - William Molair
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hulan Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Scott Northrup
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joshua A Grosser
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ramon Llull
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Adam Katz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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12
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Kuziel G, Moore BN, Haugstad GP, Xiong Y, Williams AE, Arendt LM. Alterations in the Mammary Gland and Tumor Microenvironment of Formerly Obese Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.545000. [PMID: 37398468 PMCID: PMC10312750 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.545000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer, and women with obesity that develop breast cancer have a worsened prognosis. Within the mammary gland, obesity causes chronic, macrophage-driven inflammation and adipose tissue fibrosis. To examine the impact of weight loss on the mammary microenvironment, mice were fed high-fat diet to induce obesity, then switched to a low-fat diet. In formerly obese mice, we observed reduced numbers of crown-like structures and fibrocytes in mammary glands, while collagen deposition was not resolved with weight loss. Following transplant of TC2 tumor cells into the mammary glands of lean, obese, and formerly obese mice, diminished collagen deposition and cancer-associated fibroblasts were observed in tumors from formerly obese mice compared to obese mice. When TC2 tumor cells were mixed with CD11b+CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells, collagen deposition within the tumors was significantly greater compared to when tumor cells were mixed with CD11b+CD34- monocytes, suggesting that fibrocytes contribute to early collagen deposition in mammary tumors of obese mice. Overall, these studies show that weight loss resolved some of the microenvironmental conditions within the mammary gland that may contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevra Kuziel
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, U.S.A
| | - Brittney N. Moore
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Grace P. Haugstad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Abbey E. Williams
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Lisa M. Arendt
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, U.S.A
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, U.S.A
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, U.S.A
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13
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Kuziel G, Moore BN, Arendt LM. Obesity and Fibrosis: Setting the Stage for Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112929. [PMID: 37296891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a rising health concern and is linked to a worsened breast cancer prognosis. Tumor desmoplasia, which is characterized by elevated numbers of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the deposition of fibrillar collagens within the stroma, may contribute to the aggressive clinical behavior of breast cancer in obesity. A major component of the breast is adipose tissue, and fibrotic changes in adipose tissue due to obesity may contribute to breast cancer development and the biology of the resulting tumors. Adipose tissue fibrosis is a consequence of obesity that has multiple sources. Adipocytes and adipose-derived stromal cells secrete extracellular matrix composed of collagen family members and matricellular proteins that are altered by obesity. Adipose tissue also becomes a site of chronic, macrophage-driven inflammation. Macrophages exist as a diverse population within obese adipose tissue and mediate the development of fibrosis through the secretion of growth factors and matricellular proteins and interactions with other stromal cells. While weight loss is recommended to resolve obesity, the long-term effects of weight loss on adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation within breast tissue are less clear. Increased fibrosis within breast tissue may increase the risk for tumor development as well as promote characteristics associated with tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevra Kuziel
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brittney N Moore
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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14
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Stencel J, Alai HR, Dhore-Patil A, Urina-Jassir D, Le Jemtel TH. Obesity, Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure, and Left Ventricular Remodeling. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093341. [PMID: 37176781 PMCID: PMC10179420 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the overwhelming obesity epidemic, preserved ejection fraction heart failure commonly ensues in patients with severe obesity and the obese phenotype of preserved ejection fraction heart failure is now commonplace in clinical practice. Severe obesity and preserved ejection fraction heart failure share congruent cardiovascular, immune, and renal derangements that make it difficult to ascertain whether the obese phenotype of preserved ejection fraction heart failure is the convergence of two highly prevalent conditions or severe obesity enables the development and progression of the syndrome of preserved ejection fraction heart failure. Nevertheless, the obese phenotype of preserved ejection fraction heart failure provides a unique opportunity to assess whether sustained and sizeable loss of excess body weight via metabolic bariatric surgery reverses the concentric left ventricular remodeling that patients with preserved ejection fraction heart failure commonly display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stencel
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hamid R Alai
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Southeast Louisiana VA Healthcare System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Aneesh Dhore-Patil
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Daniela Urina-Jassir
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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15
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Mujkić R, Šnajder Mujkić D, Čekić N, Ilić I, Grgić A, Kačarević ŽP, Blažićević V. Alteration of Collagen Content and Macrophage Distribution in White Adipose Tissue under the Influence of Maternal and Postnatal Diet in Male Rat Offspring. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:888. [PMID: 37241120 PMCID: PMC10221326 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The extracellular matrix is important for adipose tissue growth, and numerous interactions between adipocytes and extracellular matrix components occur during adipose tissue development. The main objective of this study was to investigate the interaction and influence of maternal and postnatal diet on adipose tissue remodeling in Sprague Dawley offspring. Materials and Methods: 10 Sprague Dawley females were randomly divided into two groups at nine weeks of age and fed a standard laboratory diet or high-fat diet for six weeks. Then, they were mated, and after birth, their male rat offspring were divided into four subgroups according to diet. After euthanizing the offspring at 22 weeks of age, samples of subcutaneous, perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue were collected. Sections were stained with Mallory's trichrome and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD68+ and CD163+ cells. Results: Staining of extracellular components showed higher collagen deposition in the perirenal and epididymal depot of offspring fed a high-fat diet. The number of CD163/CD68+ cells in the perirenal adipose tissue was lower in the CD-HFD group compared with other groups, and in the subcutaneous fat pad when the groups with modified diet were compared with those on non-modified diet. Conclusion: Morphological changes in adipose tissue, increased collagen deposition, and changes in macrophage polarization may be related to intergenerational changes in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mujkić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.M.)
| | - Darija Šnajder Mujkić
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nenad Čekić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.M.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Ilić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.M.)
| | - Anđela Grgić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.M.)
| | - Željka Perić Kačarević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.M.)
| | - Valerija Blažićević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (R.M.)
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16
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Li X, Ren Y, Chang K, Wu W, Griffiths HR, Lu S, Gao D. Adipose tissue macrophages as potential targets for obesity and metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153915. [PMID: 37153549 PMCID: PMC10154623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue is a key pathological factor inducing adipose tissue dysfunction and contributing to obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this review, we aim to present the most recent research on macrophage heterogeneity in adipose tissue, with a focus on the molecular targets applied to macrophages as potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases. We begin by discussing the recruitment of macrophages and their roles in adipose tissue. While resident adipose tissue macrophages display an anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote the development of metabolically favorable beige adipose tissue, an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue has negative effects on adipose tissue function, including inhibition of adipogenesis, promotion of inflammation, insulin resistance, and fibrosis. Then, we presented the identities of the newly discovered adipose tissue macrophage subtypes (e.g. metabolically activated macrophages, CD9+ macrophages, lipid-associated macrophages, DARC+ macrophages, and MFehi macrophages), the majority of which are located in crown-like structures within adipose tissue during obesity. Finally, we discussed macrophage-targeting strategies to ameliorate obesity-related inflammation and metabolic abnormalities, with a focus on transcriptional factors such as PPARγ, KLF4, NFATc3, and HoxA5, which promote macrophage anti-inflammatory M2 polarization, as well as TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways that activate pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. In addition, a number of intracellular metabolic pathways closely associated with glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, nutrient sensing, and circadian clock regulation were examined. Understanding the complexities of macrophage plasticity and functionality may open up new avenues for the development of macrophage-based treatments for obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirong Li
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Kewei Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
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17
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Bakker N, Hickey M, Shams R, Rivera CF, Vlahos J, Cense HA, Demirkiran A, Ramkhelawon B, Houdijk AP. Oral ω-3 PUFA supplementation modulates inflammation in adipose tissue depots in morbidly obese women: A randomized trial. Nutrition 2023; 111:112055. [PMID: 37182400 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is characterized by local and systemic low-grade inflammatory responses. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) play decisive roles in inflammation, insulin signaling, and various metabolic dysfunctions. Diets enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to improve health and mitigate pathologic conditions. However, the effects of ω-3 PUFA on adipose tissue inflammation, ATM number, and phenotype are poorly defined in human obesity. The aim of this study was to examine differences in expression of metabolic-inflammatory markers in omental, mesenteric, and subcutaneous fat depots of obese women supplemented with ω-3 PUFAs for 4 wk compared with a low-calorie diet before bariatric surgery. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, inflammatory markers in the abdominal adipose tissue and the systemic response in obese women were studied. Patients were treated with a 2-wk low-calorie diet (LCD) or a 4-wk ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) before laparoscopic bypass surgery. Omental, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected during surgery and analyzed for quantity and phenotype of ATMs, and profiled for adipokines, cytokines, and signal transduction molecules. RESULTS The chronic inflammatory state characterized by ATM markers was mostly improved by ω-3 PUFAs in visceral adipose tissue. We observed a decreased expression of CD45, CCL2, and CD68, indicating a lower inflammatory state. In patients with type 2 diabetes, ω-3 PUFAs lowered the expression of Netrin-1. CONCLUSIONS Compared with an LCD, a diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs influences the inflammatory state in different adipose tissue depots, by affecting markers of adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage phenotype, and retention. However, this was not reflected in clinical parameters such as insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue have different responses to an LCD or a ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet. The presence of diabetes modifies the expression of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bakker
- Northwest Clinics, Department of Surgery, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Meave Hickey
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rebecca Shams
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Cristobal F Rivera
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - John Vlahos
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Huib A Cense
- Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmet Demirkiran
- Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Pj Houdijk
- Northwest Clinics, Department of Surgery, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands.
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18
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Milano W, Carizzone F, Foia M, Marchese M, Milano M, Saetta B, Capasso A. Obesity and Its Multiple Clinical Implications between Inflammatory States and Gut Microbiotic Alterations. Diseases 2022; 11:diseases11010007. [PMID: 36648872 PMCID: PMC9844347 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease that has become a serious health problem and is currently widespread over the world. It is, in fact, strongly associated with many other conditions, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, the onset of different types of malignant tumors and alterations in reproductive function. According to the literature, obesity is characterized by a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, with a substantial increase in immune cells, specifically macrophage infiltrates in the adipose tissue which, in turn, secrete a succession of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, recent studies on microbiota have postulated new possible mechanisms of interaction between obesity and unbalanced nutrition with inflammation. This intestinal "superorganism" complex seems to influence not only the metabolic balance of the host but also the immune response, favoring a state of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. This review summarizes the major evidence on the interactions between the gut microbiota, energetic metabolism and host immune system, all leading to a convergence of the fields of immunology, nutrients physiology and microbiota in the context of obesity and its possible clinical complications. Finally, possible therapeutic approaches aiming to rebalance the intestinal microbial ecosystem are evaluated to improve the alteration of inflammatory and metabolic states in obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Milano
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Carizzone
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Magda Marchese
- Clinical Pathology Services, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital Pozzuoli, Asl Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Milano
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Saetta
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Wolf S, Rannikko JH, Virtakoivu R, Cinelli P, Felmerer G, Burger A, Giovanoli P, Detmar M, Lindenblatt N, Hollmén M, Gousopoulos E. A distinct M2 macrophage infiltrate and transcriptomic profile decisively influence adipocyte differentiation in lipedema. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004609. [PMID: 36605202 PMCID: PMC9809281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a chronic and progressive adipose tissue disorder, characterized by the painful and disproportionate increase of the subcutaneous fat in the lower and/or upper extremities. While distinct immune cell infiltration is a known hallmark of the disease, its role in the onset and development of lipedema remains unclear. To analyze the macrophage composition and involved signaling pathways, anatomically matched lipedema and control tissue samples were collected intra-operatively from gender- and BMI-matched patients, and the Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) was used for Cytometry by Time-of-Flight (CyTOF) and RNA sequencing. The phenotypic characterization of the immune component of lipedema versus control SVF using CyTOF revealed significantly increased numbers of CD163 macrophages. To gain further insight into this macrophage composition and molecular pathways, RNA sequencing of isolated CD11b+ cells was performed. The analysis suggested a significant modification of distinct gene ontology clusters in lipedema, including cytokine-mediated signaling activity, interleukin-1 receptor activity, extracellular matrix organization, and regulation of androgen receptor signaling. As distinct macrophage populations are known to affect adipose tissue differentiation and metabolism, we evaluated the effect of M2 to M1 macrophage polarization in lipedema using the selective PI3Kγ inhibitor IPI-549. Surprisingly, the differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells with conditioned medium from IPI-549 treated SVF resulted in a significant decreased accumulation of lipids in lipedema versus control SVF. In conclusion, our results indicate that CD163+ macrophages are a critical component in lipedema and re-polarization of lipedema macrophages can normalize the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in vitro evaluated by the cellular lipid accumulation. These data open a new chapter in understanding lipedema pathophysiology and may indicate potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolf
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Felmerer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Burger
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Epameinondas Gousopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Epameinondas Gousopoulos,
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20
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Yan K, Zhang P, Jin J, Chen X, Guan H, Li Y, Li H. Integrative analyses of hub genes and their association with immune infiltration in adipose tissue, liver tissue and skeletal muscle of obese patients after bariatric surgery. Adipocyte 2022; 11:190-201. [PMID: 35412419 PMCID: PMC9009953 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for obesity. Adipose tissue, liver tissue and skeletal muscle are important metabolic tissues. This study investigated hub genes and their association with immune infiltration in these metabolic tissues of obese patients after BS by bioinformatic analysis with Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes. As a result, 121 common DEGs were identified and mainly enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, chemokine signaling pathway, neutrophil activation and immune responses. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the abundance of M1 macrophages was significantly lower in adipose and liver tissue after BS (p<0.05). Ten hub genes (TYROBP, TLR8, FGR, NCF2, HCK, CCL2, LAPTM5, MNDA and S100A9) that were all downregulated after BS were also associated with immune cells. Consistently, results in the validated dataset showed that the expression levels of these hub genes were increased in obese patients and mice, and decreased after BS. In conclusion, this study analysed the potential immune and inflammatory mechanisms of BS in three key metabolic tissues of obese patients, and revealed hub genes associated with immune cell infiltration, thus providing potential targets for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiewen Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Zuo L, Li J, Zhang X, Geng Z, Song X, Wang Y, Ge S, Shi R, Zhou Y, Ge Y, Wu R, Hu J. Aberrant Mesenteric Adipose Extracellular Matrix Remodelling is Involved in Adipocyte Dysfunction in Crohn's Disease: The Role of TLR-4-mediated Macrophages. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1762-1776. [PMID: 35708752 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue [htMAT] is involved in the disease progression of Crohn's disease [CD] through expressing proinflammatory adipokines from dysfunctional adipocytes by unknown mechanism. Adipocyte function is affected by dynamic adipose tissue extracellular matrix [ECM] remodelling that is mainly mediated by macrophages, and our study aimed to reveal whether aberrant ECM remodelling was present in CD-htMAT and its effects on adipocyte dysfunction, as well as the mechanism. METHODS ECM remodelling was examined in MAT samples from CD patients and controls. Mice with dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [DNBS]-induced colitis were used in vivo study, and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced remodelling behaviour in macrophages was examined in vitro. Macrophages or TLR4 inhibition were used to analyse ECM remodelling mechanisms and their effects on adipocyte function. RESULTS Aberrant ECM remodelling: was observed in CD-htMAT, which was characterised by a widened and deformed ECM structure accompanied by dysregulated matrix synthesis and degradation; served as a reservoir for inflammatory factors/cells dominated by macrophages; and was involved in adipocyte dysfunction. In addition, macrophages were the main source of ECM remodelling regulatory factors with activation of Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] in htMAT. In vivo, macrophage depletion or TLR4 inhibition largely attenuated mesenteric ECM remodelling while improving mesenteric adipocyte dysfunction during chronic enteritis. In vitro, antagonizing TLR4 significantly inhibited LPS-induced macrophage ECM remodelling behavior. CONCLUSIONS The aberrant ECM remodelling in CD-htMAT contributed to mesenteric adipocyte dysfunction, which may be caused at least partly by TLR4-mediated macrophage remodelling behavior. Inhibiting ECM remodelling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ruohan Shi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueqing Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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22
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Adipocyte size, adipose tissue fibrosis, macrophage infiltration and disease risk are different in younger and older individuals with childhood versus adulthood onset obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1859-1866. [PMID: 35927468 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of obesity onset and age have been shown to affect the risk of obesity-related comorbidities, although the impact of each of these factors on markers of adipose tissue function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics vary with age and age of obesity onset, and whether these differences are associated with the markers of cardiometabolic health. METHODS Adipose tissue samples were obtained from 80 female bariatric surgery candidates who were classified by age of obesity onset and age into 4 groups: (1) younger adults (<40 y) with childhood-onset obesity (<18 y) (Child-Young); (2) younger adults with adulthood-onset obesity (>18 y) (Adult-Young); (3) older adults (>55 y) with childhood-onset obesity (Child-Old); and (4) older adults with adulthood-onset obesity (Adult-Old). Adipocyte diameter, adipose tissue fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration were determined in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Clinical parameters were obtained from participants' medical records. RESULTS Visceral adipocyte size in the Child-Young group was the smallest of all the groups. Age affected visceral infiltration of M1-like cells with greater percent of M1-like cells in the Adult-Old and Child-Old groups. Though not significant, a stepwise increase in M2-like macrophages in VAT was observed with Adult-Young having the smallest followed by Adult-Old, Child-Young, and Child-Old having the greatest percent of M2-like macrophages. Pericellular fibrosis accumulation in SAT and VAT varied with both age and onset, particularly in the Child-Old group, which had the lowest fibrosis levels. Markers of cardiometabolic health (fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations) were positively and well-associated with adipose tissue characteristics of the Child-Old group but not of the Adult-Young group. CONCLUSION Older adults with childhood-onset obesity, who had the greatest duration of obesity exposure, were particularly vulnerable to the cardiometabolic effects associated with perturbations in adipose tissue characteristics. These results suggest that age and age of obesity onset may have independent and cumulative effects on obesity pathology.
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23
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Arias-de la Rosa I, Escudero-Contreras A, Ruiz-Ponce M, Cuesta-López L, Román-Rodríguez C, Pérez-Sánchez C, Ruiz-Limón P, Ruiz RG, Leiva-Cepas F, Alcaide J, Segui P, Plasencia C, Martinez-Feito A, Font P, Ábalos MC, Ortega R, Malagón MM, Tinahones FJ, Collantes-Estévez E, López-Pedrera C, Barbarroja N. Pathogenic mechanisms involving the interplay between adipose tissue and autoantibodies in Rheumatoid arthritis. iScience 2022; 25:104893. [PMID: 36046189 PMCID: PMC9421387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association between adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, autoimmunity, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A cross-sectional study including 150 RA patients and 50 healthy donors and longitudinal study with 122 RA patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) or anti-CD20 therapies for 6 months were carried out. In vitro experiments with human AT and adipocyte and macrophage cell lines were performed. A collagen-induced arthritis mouse model was developed. The insulin resistance and the altered adipocytokine profile were associated with disease activity, the presence of anti-citrullinated proteins anti-bodies (ACPAs), and worse response to therapy in RA. AT in the context of arthritis is characterized by an inflammatory state alongside the infiltration of macrophages and B/plasmatic cells, where ACPAs can have a direct impact, inducing inflammation and insulin resistance in macrophages and promoting a defective adipocyte differentiation, partially restored by biologicals. IR is related to disease activity, inflammation, and autoimmunity in RA patients IR state and adipocytokines might be associated with a worse response to biologics Visfatin could be used as a potential biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis ACPAs might directly impact adipose tissue
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24
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Islam MA, Khairnar R, Fleishman J, Thompson K, Kumar S. Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase Protein- A Central Player in Metabolism. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2951-2963. [PMID: 35799081 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase was previously known as β-trace protein (BTP), a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein that is heavily expressed in human cerebrospinal fluid. Nevertheless, it is also seen to be expressed in numerous other tissues including the kidney, liver, lung, heart, adipose, muscle, and pancreas. Functionally, L-PGDS behaves like a lipocalin type protein where it helps in binding and transportation of small lipophilic substances, such as steroids, retinoids, and other lipophilic ligands. Enzymatically, L-PGDS functions as a prostaglandin synthase where it helps in the production of PGD2 by catalyzing the isomerization of PGH2, a common precursor of the two series of prostaglandins. PGD2 regulates its physiological function through two individual receptors named DP1 and DP2. L-PGDS has been a central player in many diseases, its role in metabolism including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and obesity has gathered a large attention. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about L-PGDS and it's signaling in adipose, hepatic, skeletal muscle, and pancreas tissues, which are core targets for metabolic studies. Modulation of L-PGDS signaling can be considered as a potential future therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance as well as fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asrarul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Rhema Khairnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joshua Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kamala Thompson
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Studies, Molloy College, Rockville Centre, NY, 11571, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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25
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Idelfonso-García OG, Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Villa-Treviño S, Muriel P, Serrano H, Pérez-Carreón JI, Arellanes-Robledo J. Is Nucleoredoxin a Master Regulator of Cellular Redox Homeostasis? Its Implication in Different Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040670. [PMID: 35453355 PMCID: PMC9030443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (NXN), an oxidoreductase enzyme, contributes to cellular redox homeostasis by regulating different signaling pathways in a redox-dependent manner. By interacting with seven proteins so far, namely disheveled (DVL), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), translocation protein SEC63 homolog (SEC63), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MYD88), flightless-I (FLII), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II type alpha (CAMK2A), NXN is involved in the regulation of several key cellular processes, including proliferation, organogenesis, cell cycle progression, glycolysis, innate immunity and inflammation, motility, contraction, protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, neuronal plasticity, among others; as a result, NXN has been implicated in different pathologies, such as cancer, alcoholic and polycystic liver disease, liver fibrogenesis, obesity, Robinow syndrome, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinitis pigmentosa. Together, this evidence places NXN as a strong candidate to be a master redox regulator of cell physiology and as the hub of different redox-sensitive signaling pathways and associated pathologies. This review summarizes and discusses the current insights on NXN-dependent redox regulation and its implication in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osiris Germán Idelfonso-García
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, ‘Benito Juárez’ Autonomous University of Oaxaca–UABJO, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (V.R.V.-G.); (R.B.-H.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, ‘Benito Juárez’ Autonomous University of Oaxaca–UABJO, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (V.R.V.-G.); (R.B.-H.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Héctor Serrano
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5350-1900 (ext. 1218)
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26
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Browning Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:cells11060991. [PMID: 35326442 PMCID: PMC8947372 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot of the heart which is highly plastic and in direct contact with myocardium and coronary arteries. Because of its singular proximity with the myocardium, the adipokines and pro-inflammatory molecules secreted by this tissue may directly affect the metabolism of the heart and coronary arteries. Its accumulation, measured by recent new non-invasive imaging modalities, has been prospectively associated with the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation in humans. Recent studies have shown that EAT exhibits beige fat-like features, and express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) at both mRNA and protein levels. However, this thermogenic potential could be lost with age, obesity and CAD. Here we provide an overview of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of EAT and further discuss whether its thermogenic properties may serve as a target for obesity therapeutic management with a specific focus on the role of immune cells in this beiging phenomenon.
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27
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Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Søndergaard E, Morgan-Bathke M, Lytle K, Delivanis DA, Ramos P, Carranza Leon BG, Jensen MD. Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022; 71:381-393. [PMID: 34857544 PMCID: PMC8893944 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Panamanian Institute of Biological Research, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI
| | - Kelli Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Paola Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barbara Gisella Carranza Leon
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Corresponding author: Michael D. Jensen,
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28
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Muir LA, Cho KW, Geletka LM, Baker NA, Flesher CG, Ehlers AP, Kaciroti N, Lindsly S, Ronquist S, Rajapakse I, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. Human CD206+ macrophages associate with diabetes and adipose tissue lymphoid clusters. JCI Insight 2022; 7:146563. [PMID: 34990410 PMCID: PMC8855803 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) correlate with metabolic dysfunction in humans and are causal in development of insulin resistance in mice. Recent bulk and single-cell transcriptomics studies reveal a wide spectrum of gene expression signatures possible for macrophages that depends on context, but the signatures of human ATM subtypes are not well defined in obesity and diabetes. We profiled 3 prominent ATM subtypes from human adipose tissue in obesity and determined their relationship to type 2 diabetes. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) samples were collected from diabetic and nondiabetic obese participants to evaluate cellular content and gene expression. VAT CD206+CD11c- ATMs were increased in diabetic participants, were scavenger receptor-rich with low intracellular lipids, secreted proinflammatory cytokines, and diverged significantly from 2 CD11c+ ATM subtypes, which were lipid-laden, were lipid antigen presenting, and overlapped with monocyte signatures. Furthermore, diabetic VAT was enriched for CD206+CD11c- ATM and inflammatory signatures, scavenger receptors, and MHC II antigen presentation genes. VAT immunostaining found CD206+CD11c- ATMs concentrated in vascularized lymphoid clusters adjacent to CD206-CD11c+ ATMs, while CD206+CD11c+ were distributed between adipocytes. Our results show ATM subtype-specific profiles that uniquely contribute to the phenotypic variation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicki A Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen G Flesher
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anne P Ehlers
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen Lindsly
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott Ronquist
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Indika Rajapakse
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Mathematics and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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29
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M1 Polarized Macrophages Persist in Skin of Post-Bariatric Patients after 2 Years. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:287-296. [PMID: 34750657 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered a condition of systemic chronic inflammation. Under this condition, adipose tissue macrophages switch from an M2 (anti-inflammatory) activation pattern to an M1 (proinflammatory) activation pattern. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to verify the profile of skin macrophage activation after bariatric surgery as well as the role of MMP-1 in extracellular tissue remodeling. METHODS This is a prospective, controlled and comparative study with 20 individuals split into two groups according to their skin condition: post-bariatric and eutrophic patients. Histological and morphometric analyses based on hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius red (collagen), orcein (elastic fiber systems), and alcian blue (mast cells)-stained sections and immunohistochemical analysis (CD68, iNOS, and mannose receptor) for macrophages and metalloproteinase-1 were performed. RESULTS Post-bariatric skin showed an increase in inflammation, angiogenesis, CD68, M1 macrophages (P< 0.001), and mast cells (P< 0.01); a decrease in M2 macrophages (P< 0.01); and a significant decrease in the collagen fiber network (P< 0.001). MMP-1 was increased in the papillary dermis of post-bariatric skin and decreased in the epidermis compared to eutrophic skin (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that post-bariatric skin maintains inflammatory characteristics for two years. Mast cells and M1 macrophages maintain and enhance the remodeling of the dermal extracellular matrix initiated during obesity in part due to the presence of MMP-1 in the papillary dermis. EBM LEVEL IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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30
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Zhou M, Wang L, Zhou L, Chang X, Zhu X. Novel Insight into the Mechanism of Metabolic Surgery Causing the Diversity in Glycemic Status in Type 2 Diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:484-492. [PMID: 34979572 DOI: 10.1055/a-1708-3214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic surgery results in diverse glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), including hyperglycemia without remission, significant amelioration of hyperglycemia with partial remission, complete restoration of euglycemia, or with prolonged remission, hyperglycemia recurrence in relapses after remission, or post-bariatric hypoglycemia. Unfortunately, it is not known how metabolic surgery leads to this diverse consequence. Here, we discuss the diversity of glycemic status associated with metabolic surgery and the potential mechanisms of T2D remission. We also highlight the relationship between the change in low-grade inflammation and T2D remission after metabolic surgery. We hypothesize that the level of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines controls the efficacy of metabolic surgery in patients with T2D. This hypothesis may provide further insight into the mechanism of the beneficial effects of metabolic surgery patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Forth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Day Care Unit, Gansu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lujin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaotong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou, China
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The obesity epidemic is on the rise, and while it is well known that obesity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea, recent data has highlighted that the degree and type of fat distribution may play a bigger role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than body mass index (BMI) alone. We aim to review updated data on adipose tissue inflammation and distribution and CVD. RECENT FINDINGS We review the pathophysiology of inflammation secondary to adipose tissue, the association of obesity-related adipokines and CVD, and the differences and significance of brown versus white adipose tissue. We delve into the clinical manifestations of obesity-related inflammation in CVD. We discuss the available data on heterogeneity of adipose tissue-related inflammation with a focus on subcutaneous versus visceral adipose tissue, the differential pathophysiology, and clinical CVD manifestations of adipose tissue across sex, race, and ethnicity. Finally, we present the available data on lifestyle modification, medical, and surgical therapeutics on reduction of obesity-related inflammation. Obesity leads to a state of chronic inflammation which significantly increases the risk for CVD. More research is needed to develop non-invasive VAT quantification indices such as risk calculators which include variables such as sex, age, race, ethnicity, and VAT concentration, along with other well-known CVD risk factors in order to comprehensively determine risk of CVD in obese patients. Finally, pre-clinical biomarkers such as pro-inflammatory adipokines should be validated to estimate risk of CVD in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam N Rana
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ian J Neeland
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Zhang H, Costabel U, Dai H. The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:788502. [PMID: 34868074 PMCID: PMC8640342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by tissue infiltration with macrophages and lymphocytes and associated non-caseating granuloma formation. The disease primarily affects the lungs. Patients suffering from sarcoidosis show a wide range of clinical symptoms, natural history and disease outcomes. Originally described as a Th1-driven disease, sarcoidosis involves a complex interplay among diverse immune cells. This review highlights recent advances in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, with emphasis on the role of different immune cells. Accumulative evidence suggests Th17 cells, IFN-γ-producing Th17 cells or Th17.1 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role. However, their specific actions, whether protective or pathogenic, remain to be clarified. Macrophages are also involved in granuloma formation, and M2 polarization may be predictive of fibrosis. Previously neglected cells including B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells were studied more recently for their contribution to sarcoid granuloma formation. Despite these advances, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, indicating an urgent need for further research to reveal the distinct immunological events in this process, with hope to open up new therapeutic avenues and if possible, to develop preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Costabel
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology Department, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
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Lee SC, Lee YJ, Choi I, Kim M, Sung JS. CXCL16/CXCR6 Axis in Adipocytes Differentiated from Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates Macrophage Polarization. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123410. [PMID: 34943917 PMCID: PMC8699853 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes interact with adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) that exist as a form of M2 macrophage in healthy adipose tissue and are polarized into M1 macrophages upon cellular stress. ATMs regulate adipose tissue inflammation by secreting cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines. CXC-motif receptor 6 (CXCR6) is the chemokine receptor and interactions with its specific ligand CXC-motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) modulate the migratory capacities of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). CXCR6 is highly expressed on differentiated adipocytes that are non-migratory cells. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of CXCR6 in adipocytes, THP-1 human monocytes that can be polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages were co-cultured with adipocytes. As results, expression levels of the M1 polarization-inducing factor were decreased, while those of the M2 polarization-inducing factor were significantly increased in differentiated adipocytes in a co-cultured environment with additional CXCL16 treatment. After CXCL16 treatment, the anti-inflammatory factors, including p38 MAPK ad ERK1/2, were upregulated, while the pro-inflammatory pathway mediated by Akt and NF-κB was downregulated in adipocytes in a co-cultured environment. These results revealed that the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in adipocytes regulates M1 or M2 polarization and displays an immunosuppressive effect by modulating pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways. Our results may provide an insight into a potential target as a regulator of the immune response via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoo-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea;
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Adipose Tissue Biology. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235516. [PMID: 34884217 PMCID: PMC8658722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) procedures are actually the most effective intervention to help subjects with severe obesity achieve significant and sustained weight loss. White adipose tissue (WAT) is increasingly recognized as the largest endocrine organ. Unhealthy WAT expansion through adipocyte hypertrophy has pleiotropic effects on adipocyte function and promotes obesity-associated metabolic complications. WAT dysfunction in obesity encompasses an altered adipokine secretome, unresolved inflammation, dysregulated autophagy, inappropriate extracellular matrix remodeling and insufficient angiogenic potential. In the last 10 years, accumulating evidence suggests that BS can improve the WAT function beyond reducing the fat depot sizes. The causal relationships between improved WAT function and the health benefits of BS merits further investigation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the short-, medium- and long-term outcomes of BS on the WAT composition and function.
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Feng D, Huang WY, Niu XL, Hao S, Zhang LN, Hu YJ. Significance of Macrophage Subtypes in the Peripheral Blood of Children with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:1859-1870. [PMID: 34693468 PMCID: PMC8572293 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Symptomatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease, and monocytes/macrophages play an important role. However, which macrophage subtype plays a major role in different stages of sJIA is still unclear. This study aimed to explore macrophage subtypes in different stages of sJIA. METHODS Twenty-two children with sJIA who were followed up at Shanghai Children's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. sJIA children were divided into an activity group (n = 12) and an inactivity group (n = 10). In the activity group, subjects with newly diagnosed sJIA and untreated were included; in the inactivity group, subjects with inactive sJIA meeting the 2011 ACR criteria for sJIA were recruited. Ten children with orthostatic proteinuria served as controls. Peripheral blood was collected. Flow cytometry was performed to detect macrophage subtypes: M1 (CD14+CD86+CD80+), M2a (CD14+CD206+CD301+), M2b (CD14+CD206+CD86+) and M2c (CD14+CD206+CD163+), and the contents of cytokines were also examined, including interleukins (IL) (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17), interferon-α, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis-α. RESULTS M1 marker CD80 and M2 marker CD163, CD301 were highly expressed in children with active sJIA. The majority of macrophages were M1 and M2a in the activity group (P < 0.05). In the inactivity group, M2 tended to polarize into M2b and M2c (P < 0.05). IL-6 significantly increased in the activity group (P < 0.05), while IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 markedly increased in the inactivity group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the active sJIA, M1 activation promotes inflammation, while M2a rapidly responds to inhibit inflammation; in the inactive sJIA, M2b and M2c play a major role in inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Niu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Hao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Hu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
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Singh K, Ali A, Shrestha A, Magalhaes M, Kishen A. Assessing Macrophage Polarization in Nanoparticle-Guided Wound Repair Using a Lipopolysaccharide Contaminated Intraosseous Model. J Endod 2021; 48:109-116. [PMID: 34634294 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages regulate the processes of inflammation and tissue regeneration/repair through their plasticity and phenotypes of different activation states. Previous studies have shown that disinfection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-contaminated dentin with photoactivated rose bengal-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles (CSRBnps) in vivo supported neotissue formation without signs of inflammation and root resorption. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism underlying CSRBnp-guided attenuation of inflammation in LPS-contaminated dentin using macrophage polarization as an indicator of inflammation and repair. METHODS To quantify the polarized macrophage populations, M1/M2-specific surface markers CD68, CD80, and CD206 and transcriptional factors signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, STAT3, and STAT6 were determined using immunohistochemistry among previously obtained root specimens implanted into mandibles of guinea pigs for 4 weeks. In group 1, the canals were not inoculated; in group 2, the canals were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS; in group 3, the canals were inoculated and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite; in group 4, the canals were inoculated and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide; and in group 5, the canals were inoculated and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, and CSRBnps (300 μg/mL) with photoactivation (λ = 540 nm, 40 J/cm2) were analyzed. RESULTS An increased expression of M2-specific markers was observed in the group treated with CSRBnps compared with the groups treated with either conventional or no root canal disinfection. A statistically significant population of macrophages expressing both M1- and M2-specific markers was observed in all the tested groups. CONCLUSIONS Disinfection of LPS-contaminated dentin with CSRBnps demonstrated M2-type polarization of macrophages, which corresponded to repair and neotissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamna Singh
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aiman Ali
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Understanding the heterogeneity and functions of metabolic tissue macrophages. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:130-139. [PMID: 34561168 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence places tissue-resident macrophages as essential gatekeepers of metabolic organ homeostasis, including the adipose tissue and the pancreatic islets. Therein, macrophages may adopt specific phenotypes and ensure local functions. Recent advances in single cell genomic analyses provide a comprehensive map of adipose tissue macrophage subsets and their potential roles are now better apprehended. Whether they are beneficial or detrimental, macrophages overall contribute to the proper adipose tissue expansion under steady state and during obesity. By contrast, macrophages residing inside pancreatic islets, which may exert fundamental functions to fine tune insulin secretion, have only started to attract attention and their cellular heterogeneity remains to be established. The present review will focus on the latest findings exploring the phenotype and the properties of macrophages in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets, questioning early beliefs and future perspectives in the field of immunometabolism.
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Reyes-Farias M, Fos-Domenech J, Serra D, Herrero L, Sánchez-Infantes D. White adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and aging. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114723. [PMID: 34364887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and aging are associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is one of the mechanisms implicated in the progression of these diseases. Obesity and aging trigger adipose tissue alterations that ultimately lead to a pro-inflammatory phenotype of the adipose tissue-resident immune cells. Obesity and aging also share other features such as a higher visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and a decreased lifespan. Here, we review the common characteristics of obesity and aging and the alterations in white adipose tissue and resident immune cells. We focus on the adipose tissue metabolic derangements in obesity and aging such as inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Fos-Domenech
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), E-28922 Madrid, Spain.
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111312. [PMID: 33957191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with numerous co-morbid disorders including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, airway disease and some cancers. The causal mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes many adipokines, cytokines and releases metabolites. These biomolecules referred to as adipocytokines play a significant role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism by influencing and altering target tissues function. Understanding the mechanisms of adipocytokine actions represents a hot topic in obesity research. Among several secreted bioactive signalling molecules from adipose tissue and liver, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Here, we aim to review and discuss the current knowledge on RBP4 with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of obesity comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
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Li P, Hao Z, Wu J, Ma C, Xu Y, Li J, Lan R, Zhu B, Ren P, Fan D, Sun S. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Polarized Human THP-1 and Mouse RAW264.7 Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700009. [PMID: 34267761 PMCID: PMC8276023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) in the immune system, performing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, respectively. Human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 cell line models have been widely used in various macrophage-associated studies, while the similarities and differences in protein expression profiles between the two macrophage models are still largely unclear. In this study, the protein expression profiles of M1 and M2 phenotypes from both THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophages were systematically investigated using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. By quantitatively analyzing more than 5,000 proteins among different types of macrophages (M0, M1 and M2) from both cell lines, we identified a list of proteins that were uniquely up-regulated in each macrophage type and further confirmed 43 proteins that were commonly up-regulated in M1 macrophages of both cell lines. These results revealed considerable divergences of each polarization type between THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of CMPK2, RSAD2, DDX58, and DHX58 were strongly up-regulated in M1 macrophages for both macrophage models. These data can serve as important resources for further studies of macrophage-associated diseases in experimental pathology using human and mouse cell line models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhifang Hao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yintai Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongxia Lan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bojing Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Blaszczak AM, Jalilvand A, Hsueh WA. Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650768. [PMID: 34248937 PMCID: PMC8264354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related-complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction with other immune cells. Key innate immune cells in AT include adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s). The role of the innate immune system in promoting adipose tissue inflammation in obesity will be highlighted in this review. T cells and B cells also play important roles in contributing to AT inflammation and are discussed in this series in the chapter on adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia M Blaszczak
- Hsueh Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anahita Jalilvand
- Hsueh Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Hsueh Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061279. [PMID: 34064024 PMCID: PMC8224009 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in a wide range of processes including the control of energy acquisition and expenditure. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are present in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues, notably the adipose tissues. The endocannabinoid system interacts with two main hormones regulating appetite, namely leptin and ghrelin. The inhibitory effect of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist rimonabant on fat mass suggested that the endocannabinoid system can also have a peripheral action in addition to its effect on appetite reduction. Thus, several investigations have focused on the peripheral role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of metabolism. The white adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides while the brown adipose tissue helps to dissipate energy as heat. The endocannabinoid system regulates several functions of the adipose tissues to favor energy accumulation. In this review we will describe the presence of the endocannabinoid system in the adipose tissue. We will survey the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of white and brown adipose tissue metabolism and how the eCB system participates in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Turner L, Santosa S. Putting ATM to BED: How Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Affected by Bariatric Surgery, Exercise, and Dietary Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1893-1910. [PMID: 33979430 PMCID: PMC8483961 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing adiposity in obesity, adipose tissue macrophages contribute to adipose tissue malfunction and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity ultimately gives rise to a state of metainflammation that increases the risk of metabolic disease. To date, only lifestyle and surgical interventions have been shown to be somewhat effective at reversing the negative consequences of obesity and restoring adipose tissue homeostasis. Exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery result in immunomodulation, and for some individuals their effects are significant with or without weight loss. Robust evidence suggests that these interventions reduce chronic inflammation, in part, by affecting macrophage infiltration and promoting a phenotypic switch from the M1- to M2-like macrophages. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary fatty acids, exercise, and bariatric surgery on cellular characteristics affecting adipose tissue macrophage presence and phenotypes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Piquer-Garcia I, Cereijo R, Corral-Pérez J, Pellitero S, Martínez E, Taxerås SD, Tarascó J, Moreno P, Balibrea J, Puig-Domingo M, Serra D, Herrero L, Jiménez-Pavón D, Lerin C, Villarroya F, Sánchez-Infantes D. Use of Infrared Thermography to Estimate Brown Fat Activation After a Cooling Protocol in Patients with Severe Obesity That Underwent Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2021; 30:2375-2381. [PMID: 32133589 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to the energy-storing role of white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) acts as the main site of non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals and has been reported to play a role in protection against obesity and associated metabolic alterations in rodents. Infrared thermography (IRT) has been proposed as a novel non-invasive, safe, and quick method to estimate BAT thermogenic activation in humans. The aim of this study is to determine whether the IRT could be a potential new tool to estimate BAT thermogenic activation in patients with severe obesity in response to bariatric surgery. METHODS Supraclavicular BAT thermogenic activation was evaluated using IRT in a cohort of 31 patients (50 ± 10 years old, BMI = 44.5 ± 7.8; 15 undergoing laparoscopy sleeve gastrectomy and 16 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) at baseline and 6 months after a bariatric surgery. Clinical parameters were determined at these same time points. RESULTS Supraclavicular BAT-related activity was detected in our patients by IRT after a cooling stimulus. The BAT thermogenic activation was higher at 6 months after laparoscopy sleeve gastrectomy (0.06 ± 0.1 vs 0.32 ± 0.1), while patients undergoing to a roux-en-Y gastric bypass did not change their thermogenic response using the same cooling stimulus (0.09 ± 0.1 vs 0.08 ± 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Our study postulates the IRT as a potential tool to evaluate BAT thermogenic activation in patients with obesity before and after a bariatric surgery. Further studies are needed to evaluate differences between LSG technique and RYGB on BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Corral-Pérez
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of the Province of Cádiz (INiBICA), University of Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Siri D Taxerås
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Tarascó
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Moreno
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Balibrea
- Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Unit, EAC-BS Center of Excellence, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB),, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB),, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of the Province of Cádiz (INiBICA), University of Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Lin L, Kuhn C, Ditsch N, Kolben T, Czogalla B, Beyer S, Trillsch F, Schmoeckel E, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Hester A. Breast adipose tissue macrophages (BATMs) have a stronger correlation with breast cancer survival than breast tumor stroma macrophages (BTSMs). Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:45. [PMID: 33849622 PMCID: PMC8042723 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An abundance of tumor-associated macrophages has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for a poor prognosis of human breast cancer (BC). Adipose tissue accounts for the largest proportion of the breast and has also been identified as an independent indicator of poor survival in BC. This study aims to elucidate if the influence of adipose tissue in BC might be mediated by macrophages. The roles of macrophages in the breast tumor-stroma (breast tumor stroma macrophages, BTSM) and macrophages in the surrounding adipose tissue (breast adipose tissue macrophages, BATM) were explored separately. Methods Two hundred ninety-eight BC tissue samples were analyzed immunohistochemically. The number of macrophages was detected by CD68+ staining. The quantity of BATMs and BTSMs was correlated to clinical and pathological parameters as well as to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results The amounts of BATMs and BTSMs strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.5, p = 2.98E−15). The quantity of BTSMs, but not of BATMs, was significantly associated with the BC molecular subtype (p = 0.000011), and all triple-negative BC tumors contained high amounts of BTSMs. BATMs were negatively associated with DFS (p = 0.0332). Both BATMs (p = 0.000401) and BTSMs (p = 0.021) were negatively associated with OS in the Kaplan-Meier analysis, but only BATMs remained an independent factor in the multivariate Cox-regression analysis (HR = 4.464, p = 0.004). Combining prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3)-expression and the quantity of BATMs, a subgroup with an extremely poor prognosis could be identified (median OS 2.31 years in the “high BATMs/low EP3” subgroup compared to 11.42 years in the most favorable “low BATMs/high EP3” subgroup, p = 0.000002). Conclusion Our findings suggest that BTSMs and BATMs seem to be involved differently in BC. Breast adipose tissue might contribute to the aggressiveness of BC via BATMs, which were independently associated with BC survival. BATMs’ role and occurrence might be functionally dependent on EP3, as a combination of both factors was strongly associated with survival. Targeting BATMs—eventually in combination with targeting the EP3-pathway—might be promising for future therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01422-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Straße 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Straße 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Hester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C375-C391. [PMID: 33356944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of preclinical and clinical research have confirmed that chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is mechanistically linked to metabolic disease and organ tissue complications in the overweight and obese organism. Despite this widely confirmed paradigm, numerous open questions and knowledge gaps remain to be investigated. This is mainly due to the intricately intertwined cross-talk of various pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades involved in the immune response of expanding adipose depots, particularly the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammation is initiated and sustained over time by dysfunctional adipocytes that secrete inflammatory adipokines and by infiltration of bone marrow-derived immune cells that signal via production of cytokines and chemokines. Despite its low-grade nature, adipose tissue inflammation negatively impacts remote organ function, a phenomenon that is considered causative of the complications of obesity. The aim of this review is to broadly present an overview of adipose tissue inflammation by highlighting the most recent reports in the scientific literature and summarizing our overall understanding of the field. We also discuss key endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators and analyze their mechanistic role(s) in the pathogenesis and treatment of adipose tissue inflammation. In doing so, we hope to stimulate studies to uncover novel physiological, cellular, and molecular targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kawai
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosario Scalia
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and The Limole Center for Integrated Lymphatic Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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47
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Rolle-Kampczyk U, Gebauer S, Haange SB, Schubert K, Kern M, Moulla Y, Dietrich A, Schön MR, Klöting N, von Bergen M, Blüher M. Accumulation of distinct persistent organic pollutants is associated with adipose tissue inflammation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142458. [PMID: 33113674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic environmental chemicals bio-accumulate in adipose tissue (AT) in animals and humans, but their impact on diseases related to adipose tissue dysfunction remains unclear. Moreover, visceral rather than subcutaneous (SC) fat deposition is more closely associated with cardio-metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. We therefore tested the hypotheses that environmental chemicals bio-accumulate in a fat depot specific pattern and that these patterns are related AT inflammation and obesity comorbidities. First, we developed an extraction method for detecting and quantifying a set of 9 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human AT. The quantified chemicals exhibit KOW coefficients from 4 to 7. Paired abdominal omental and SC AT samples were obtained from 54 individuals (30 women, 24 men) with a wide range of body mass index (BMI, 16-70 kg/m2) during laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. Among the POPs are classical halogenated substances like Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but also fragrance substances. We find that AT concentrations of these chemicals are neither significantly different between visceral and SC fat depots nor between women and men. However, AT bio-accumulation of distinct POPs significantly correlates with AT macrophage infiltration, adipocyte size and parameters of glucose metabolism. In both fat depots, the strongest correlations of POPs (Ethyl- tetradecanoate, 4,4'-Diisopropylbiphenyl, 2-Phenyltetralin, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl, Hexachlorobenzene) and AT macrophage infiltration were detected in lean individuals. In men with obesity, abundance of POPs correlated with the duration of obesity. Additional significant associations between AT POPs and parameters of glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation suggest that specific environmental chemicals may contribute to AT dysfunction, adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired glucose metabolism, systemic inflammation and variation in fat distribution, but not to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Scarlett Gebauer
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusef Moulla
- Department of Abdominal, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Abdominal, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R Schön
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
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48
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Mia MM, Cibi DM, Abdul Ghani SAB, Song W, Tee N, Ghosh S, Mao J, Olson EN, Singh MK. YAP/TAZ deficiency reprograms macrophage phenotype and improves infarct healing and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000941. [PMID: 33264286 PMCID: PMC7735680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes structural and functional changes in the heart leading to heart failure. The initial post-MI pro-inflammatory response followed by reparative or anti-inflammatory response is essential for minimizing the myocardial damage, healing, and scar formation. Bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) are recruited to the injured myocardium and are essential for cardiac repair as they can adopt both pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotypes to modulate inflammatory and reparative responses, respectively. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the key mediators of the Hippo signaling pathway and are essential for cardiac regeneration and repair. However, their functions in macrophage polarization and post-MI inflammation, remodeling, and healing are not well established. Here, we demonstrate that expression of YAP and TAZ is increased in macrophages undergoing pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotype changes. Genetic deletion of YAP/TAZ leads to impaired pro-inflammatory and enhanced reparative response. Consistently, YAP activation enhanced pro-inflammatory and impaired reparative response. We show that YAP/TAZ promote pro-inflammatory response by increasing interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and impede reparative response by decreasing Arginase-I (Arg1) expression through interaction with the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) repressor complex. These changes in macrophages polarization due to YAP/TAZ deletion results in reduced fibrosis, hypertrophy, and increased angiogenesis, leading to improved cardiac function after MI. Also, YAP activation augmented MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. In summary, we identify YAP/TAZ as important regulators of macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory or reparative responses post-MI. Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction causes structural and functional changes in the heart, leading to heart failure. This study shows that the Hippo pathway influences post-injury cardiac inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum M. Mia
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
| | - Dasan Mary Cibi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
| | | | - Weihua Song
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manvendra K. Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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49
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Alipoor E, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Rezaei M, Jazayeri S, Chapman M. White adipose tissue browning in critical illness: A review of the evidence, mechanisms and future perspectives. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13085. [PMID: 32608573 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest better clinical outcomes following critical illness in patients with overweight and obesity (obesity paradox). An understanding of the morphologic, physiologic and metabolic changes in adipose tissue in critical illness may provide an explanation. Recent studies have demonstrated the transformation of white to brown-like adipocytes due to the "browning process," which has been of interest as a potential novel therapy in obesity during the last decade. The characteristics of the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) include the appearance of smaller, multilocular adipocytes, increased UCP1 mRNA expression, mitochondrial density and respiratory capacity. These changes have been identified in some critical illnesses, which specifically refers to burns, sepsis and cancer cachexia in this study. The pathophysiological nature of WAT browning, underlying mechanisms, main regulators and potential benefits and harms of this process are interesting new areas that warrants further investigations. In this review, we discuss emerging scientific discipline of adipose tissue physiology in metabolic stress, available data, gaps of knowledge and future perspectives. Future investigations in this field may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and clinical aspects of browning that may further our understanding of the proposed obesity paradox following critical illness, which may in turn open up opportunities for novel therapies to save lives and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alipoor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marianne Chapman
- Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Intensive Care Research Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre for Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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50
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Girón-Ulloa A, González-Domínguez E, Klimek RS, Patiño-Martínez E, Vargas-Ayala G, Segovia-Gamboa NC, Campos-Peña V, Rodríguez-Arellano ME, Meraz-Ríos MA, Campos-Campos SF, Sánchez-Torres C. Specific macrophage subsets accumulate in human subcutaneous and omental fat depots during obesity. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:868-882. [PMID: 32696992 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activation. ATMs from lean mice contribute to tissue homeostasis by their M2-oriented polarization, whereas obesity leads to an increase of M1 inflammatory ATMs that underlies obesity-related metabolic disorders. In humans, studies characterizing ATMs and their functional status are limited. Here we investigated ATM phenotype in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue from healthy lean and obese individuals using two molecules previously identified as markers of M1-like and M2-like/tissue-resident macrophages, the C-type lectin CLEC5A and the scavenger receptor CD163L1, respectively. CD163L1 was expressed by the majority of ATMs, and CD163L1+ ATM density was greater with respect to cells expressing the pan-macrophage markers CD68 or CD11b. ATM counts in SAT, but not in VAT, increased in obese compared to lean individuals, measured with the three markers. Accordingly, CD163L1, CD68 and ITGAM gene expression was significantly enhanced in obese with respect to control individuals only in SAT. CLEC5A+ ATMs had a proinflammatory profile and were abundant in the lean VAT, but their density diminished in obesity. The only ATM subset that increased its counts in the obese VAT had a mixed M1-like (CD11c+ CD163- CD209- ) and M2-like (CLEC5A- CD206+ ) phenotype. ATM expansion was dominated by a subset of M2-like macrophages (CD11c- CLEC5A- CD163+ CD206+ CD209+ ) in the obese SAT, with a minor contribution of a CD11c+ CLEC5A- ATM subpopulation. Thus, both SAT and VAT seems to limit inflammation during obesity by differentially altering their ATM subset composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Girón-Ulloa
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika González-Domínguez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca S Klimek
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Patiño-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Germán Vargas-Ayala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Ticomán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma C Segovia-Gamboa
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victoria Campos-Peña
- Experimental Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velazco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marco A Meraz-Ríos
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Mexico City, Mexico
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