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Varra FN, Varras M, Varra VK, Theodosis-Nobelos P. Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation‑mediating treatment options (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:95. [PMID: 38606791 PMCID: PMC11025031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity reaches up to epidemic proportions globally and increases the risk for a wide spectrum of co‑morbidities, including type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney diseases, respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal disorders and osteoarthritis, subfertility, psychosocial problems and certain types of cancers. The underlying inflammatory mechanisms interconnecting obesity with metabolic dysfunction are not completely understood. Increased adiposity promotes pro‑inflammatory polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, in adipose tissue (AT), with subsequent increased production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, inducing therefore an overall, systemic, low‑grade inflammation, which contributes to metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. Targeting inflammatory mediators could be alternative therapies to treat obesity, but their safety and efficacy remains to be studied further and confirmed in future clinical trials. The present review highlights the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms by which the chronic low‑grade inflammation in AT and the production of reactive oxygen species lead to MetS, IR and T2DM. In addition, focus is given on the role of anti‑inflammatory agents, in the resolution of chronic inflammation, through the blockade of chemotactic factors, such as monocytes chemotractant protein‑1, and/or the blockade of pro‑inflammatory mediators, such as IL‑1β, TNF‑α, visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1, and/or the increased synthesis of adipokines, such as adiponectin and apelin, in obesity‑associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani-Niki Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
- Medical School, Dimocritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fourth Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
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Laskow T, Langdon J, Sepehri S, Davalos-Bichara M, Varadhan R, Walston J. Soluble TNFR1 has greater reproducibility than IL-6 for the assessment of chronic inflammation in older adults: the case for a new inflammatory marker in aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:2521-2530. [PMID: 37993568 PMCID: PMC10828298 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory pathway activation, commonly referred to as "Inflammaging" or chronic inflammation (CI), is associated with frailty, cognitive and functional decline, and other causes of health span decline in older adults. We investigated the variability of candidate serum measures of CI among community-dwelling older adults selected for mild low-grade inflammation. We focused on serum cytokines known to be highly predictive of adverse health outcomes in older adults (sTNFR1, IL-6) during a short-term (weeks) and medium-term (months) follow-up, as well as immune markers that are less studied in aging but reflect other potentially relevant domains such as adaptive immune activation (sCD25), innate immune activation (sCD14 and sCD163), and the inflammation-metabolism interface (adiponectin/Acrp30) during short-term (weeks) follow up. We found that sTNFR1 was more reproducible than IL-6 over a period of weeks and months short-term and medium-term. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for sTNFR1 was 0.95 on repeated measures over 6 weeks, and 0.79 on repeated measures with mean interval of 14 weeks, while the ICC for IL-6 was 0.52 over corresponding short-term and 0.67 over corresponding medium-term follow-up. This suggests that sTNFR1 is a more reliable marker of CI than IL-6. This study provides new insights into the reproducibility of serum markers of CI in older adults. The findings suggest that sTNFR1 may be a better marker of CI than IL-6 in this population. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the clinical utility of sTNFR1 in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laskow
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6821, USA
| | - Jacqueline Langdon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6821, USA
| | - Sam Sepehri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6821, USA
| | - Marcela Davalos-Bichara
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6821, USA
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6821, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6821, USA.
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Subramanian N, Hofwimmer K, Tavira B, Massier L, Andersson DP, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. Adipose tissue specific CCL18 associates with cardiometabolic diseases in non-obese individuals implicating CD4 + T cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:84. [PMID: 37046242 PMCID: PMC10099890 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Obesity is linked to cardiometabolic diseases, however non-obese individuals are also at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). White adipose tissue (WAT) is known to play a role in both T2D and CVD, but the contribution of WAT inflammatory status especially in non-obese patients with cardiometabolic diseases is less understood. Therefore, we aimed to find associations between WAT inflammatory status and cardiometabolic diseases in non-obese individuals. METHODS In a population-based cohort containing non-obese healthy (n = 17), T2D (n = 16), CVD (n = 18), T2D + CVD (n = 19) individuals, seventeen different cytokines were measured in WAT and in circulation. In addition, 13-color flow cytometry profiling was employed to phenotype the immune cells. Human T cell line (Jurkat T cells) was stimulated by rCCL18, and conditioned media (CM) was added to the in vitro cultures of human adipocytes. Lipolysis was measured by glycerol release. Blocking antibodies against IFN-γ and TGF-β were used in vitro to prove a role for these cytokines in CCL18-T-cell-adipocyte lipolysis regulation axis. RESULTS In CVD, T2D and CVD + T2D groups, CCL18 and CD4+ T cells were upregulated significantly compared to healthy controls. WAT CCL18 secretion correlated with the amounts of WAT CD4+ T cells, which also highly expressed CCL18 receptors suggesting that WAT CD4+ T cells are responders to this chemokine. While direct addition of rCCL18 to mature adipocytes did not alter the adipocyte lipolysis, CM from CCL18-treated T cells increased glycerol release in in vitro cultures of adipocytes. IFN-γ and TGF-β secretion was significantly induced in CM obtained from T cells treated with CCL18. Blocking these cytokines in CM, prevented CM-induced upregulation of adipocyte lipolysis. CONCLUSION We suggest that in T2D and CVD, increased production of CCL18 recruits and activates CD4+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ and TGF-β. This, in turn, promotes adipocyte lipolysis - a possible risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadha Subramanian
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Hofwimmer
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden.
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Kumar P, Liu C, Suliburk J, Hsu JW, Muthupillai R, Jahoor F, Minard CG, Taffet GE, Sekhar RV. Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:75-89. [PMID: 35975308 PMCID: PMC9879756 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated oxidative stress (OxS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and hallmarks of aging are identified as key contributors to aging, but improving/reversing these defects in older adults (OA) is challenging. In prior studies, we identified that deficiency of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) could play a role and reported that supplementing GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine [NAC]) in aged mice improved GSH deficiency, OxS, mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (MFO), and insulin resistance (IR). To test whether GlyNAC supplementation in OA could improve GSH deficiency, OxS, mitochondrial dysfunction, IR, physical function, and aging hallmarks, we conducted a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. METHODS Twenty-four OA and 12 young adults (YA) were studied. OA was randomized to receive either GlyNAC (N = 12) or isonitrogenous alanine placebo (N = 12) for 16-weeks; YA (N = 12) received GlyNAC for 2-weeks. Participants were studied before, after 2-weeks, and after 16-weeks of supplementation to assess GSH concentrations, OxS, MFO, molecular regulators of energy metabolism, inflammation, endothelial function, IR, aging hallmarks, gait speed, muscle strength, 6-minute walk test, body composition, and blood pressure. RESULTS Compared to YA, OA had GSH deficiency, OxS, mitochondrial dysfunction (with defective molecular regulation), inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, IR, multiple aging hallmarks, impaired physical function, increased waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure. GlyNAC (and not placebo) supplementation in OA improved/corrected these defects. CONCLUSION GlyNAC supplementation in OA for 16-weeks was safe and well-tolerated. By combining the benefits of glycine, NAC and GSH, GlyNAC is an effective nutritional supplement that improves and reverses multiple age-associated abnormalities to promote health in aging humans. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT01870193.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premranjan Kumar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Suliburk
- Department of Surgery
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean W Hsu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor-St. Luke’s Medical Center
| | - Raja Muthupillai
- Baylor-St. Luke’s Medical Center
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farook Jahoor
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles G Minard
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajagopal V Sekhar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Purrahman D, Shojaeian A, Poniatowski ŁA, Rafiee F, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Progranulin (PGRN) as a regulator of inflammation and a critical factor in the immunopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:1. [PMID: 36658641 PMCID: PMC9851114 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation has been identified as a critical cause of the most common types of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Notably, the innate and adaptive immune responses under physiological conditions are typically regulated with high sensitivity to avoid the exacerbation of inflammation, but any dysregulation can probably be associated with CVDs. In this respect, progranulin (PGRN) serves as one of the main components of the regulation of inflammatory processes, which significantly contributes to the immunopathogenesis of such disorders. PGRN has been introduced among the secreted growth factors as one related to wound healing, inflammation, and human embryonic development, as well as a wide variety of autoimmune diseases. The relationship between the serum PGRN and TNF-α ratio with the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis constitute one of the independent predictors of these conditions. The full-length PGRN can thus effectively reduce the calcification of valve interstitial cells, and the granulin precursor (GRN), among the degradation products of PGRN, can be beneficial. Moreover, it was observed that, PGRN protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Above all, PGRN also provides protection in the initial phase following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The protective impact of PGRN on this may be associated with the early activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. PGRN also acts as a protective factor in hyperhomocysteinemia, probably by down-regulating the wingless-related integration site Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Many studies have further demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has dramatically increased the risks of CVDs due to inflammation, so PGRN has drawn much more attention among scholars. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in the inflammation process, and PGRN is one of the key regulators in their functioning, which contributes to the immunomodulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Therefore, investigation of PGRN actions can help find new prospects in the treatment of CVDs. This review aims to summarize the role of PGRN in the immunopathogenesis of CVD, with an emphasis on its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Łukasz A. Poniatowski
- grid.491786.50000 0001 0211 9062Department of Neurosurgery, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Rafiee
- grid.469309.10000 0004 0612 8427Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ,grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Clinical Research Development Unit, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Llanos P, Palomero J. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) and Cytokines-Myokines Involved in Glucose Uptake and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244008. [PMID: 36552772 PMCID: PMC9776436 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance onset in skeletal muscle is characterized by the impairment of insulin signaling, which reduces the internalization of glucose, known as glucose uptake, into the cell. Therefore, there is a deficit of intracellular glucose, which is the main source for energy production in the cell. This may compromise cellular viability and functions, leading to pathological dysfunction. Skeletal muscle fibers continuously generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). An excess of RONS produces oxidative distress, which may evoke cellular damage and dysfunction. However, a moderate level of RONS, which is called oxidative eustress, is critical to maintain, modulate and regulate cellular functions through reversible interactions between RONS and the components of cellular signaling pathways that control those functions, such as the facilitation of glucose uptake. The skeletal muscle releases peptides called myokines that may have endocrine and paracrine effects. Some myokines bind to specific receptors in skeletal muscle fibers and might interact with cellular signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and AMPK, and facilitate glucose uptake. In addition, there are cytokines, which are peptides produced by non-skeletal muscle cells, that bind to receptors at the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells and interact with the cellular signaling pathways, facilitating glucose uptake. RONS, myokines and cytokines might be acting on the same signaling pathways that facilitate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, the experimental studies are limited and scarce. The aim of this review is to highlight the current knowledge regarding the role of RONS, myokines and cytokines as potential signals that facilitate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In addition, we encourage researchers in the field to lead and undertake investigations to uncover the fundamentals of glucose uptake evoked by RONS, myokines, and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Llanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jesus Palomero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Alfonso X El Sabio, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-666-589-153
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Huazano-García A, Gastelum-Arellanez A, Vázquez-Martínez J, López MG. Effects of agavins in high fat-high sucrose diet-fed mice: an exploratory study. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2082536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Huazano-García
- Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Argel Gastelum-Arellanez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas A.C. (CIATEC AC), León Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Vázquez-Martínez
- Superior Institute of Technology of Irapuato (ITESI), TecNM, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mercedes G. López
- de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad IrapuatoCentro de Investigación y, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
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Park S, Lee JJ, Lee J, Lee JK, Byun J, Kim I, Ha JH. Lowering n-6/ n-3 Ratio as an Important Dietary Intervention to Prevent LPS-Inducible Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Abnormalities in ob/ob Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126384. [PMID: 35742829 PMCID: PMC9224551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with low-grade chronic and systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia, and the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may modulate obesity-related disorders, such as inflammation and dyslipidemia. An emerging research question is to understand the dietary intervention strategy that is more important regarding n-3 PUFA consumption: (1) a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs or (2) a higher amount of n-3 PUFAs consumption. To understand the desirable dietary intervention method of n-3 PUFAs consumption, we replaced lard from the experimental diets with either perilla oil (PO) or corn oil (CO) to have identical n-3 amounts in the experimental diets. PO had a lower n-6/n-3 ratio, whereas CO contained higher amounts of PUFAs; it inherently contained relatively lower n-3 but higher n-6 PUFAs than PO. After the 12-week dietary intervention in ob/ob mice, dyslipidemia was observed in the normal chow and CO-fed ob/ob mice; however, PO feeding increased the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level; further, not only did the HDL-C level increase, the low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels also decreased significantly after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Consequently, extra TG accumulated in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of normal chow- or CO-fed ob/ob mice after LPS injection; however, PO consumption decreased serum TG accumulation in the liver and WAT. PUFAs replacement attenuated systemic inflammation induced by LPS injection by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines but inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the serum and WAT. PO further decreased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in comparison with the ND and CO. Hepatic functional biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels) were also remarkably decreased in the PO group. In LPS-challenged ob/ob mice, PO and CO decreased adipocyte size and adipokine secretion, with a reduction in phosphorylation of MAPKs compared to the ND group. In addition, LPS-inducible endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress decreased with consumption of PUFAs. Taken together, PUFAs from PO and CO play a role in regulating obesity-related disorders. Moreover, PO, which possesses a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, remarkably alleviated metabolic dysfunction in LPS-induced ob/ob mice. Therefore, an interventional trial considering the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs may be desirable for modulating metabolic complications, such as inflammatory responses and ER stress in the circulation, liver, and/or WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
| | - Inyong Kim
- Food and Nutrition Department, Sunchon University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (J.-H.H.)
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9
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Sugimoto S, Mena HA, Sansbury BE, Kobayashi S, Tsuji T, Wang CH, Yin X, Huang TL, Kusuyama J, Kodani SD, Darcy J, Profeta G, Pereira N, Tanzi RE, Zhang C, Serwold T, Kokkotou E, Goodyear LJ, Cypess AM, Leiria LO, Spite M, Tseng YH. Brown adipose tissue-derived MaR2 contributes to cold-induced resolution of inflammation. Nat Metab 2022; 4:775-790. [PMID: 35760872 PMCID: PMC9792164 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity induces chronic inflammation resulting in insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Cold exposure can improve insulin sensitivity in humans and rodents, but the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we find that cold resolves obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. The beneficial effects of cold exposure on improving obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance depend on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver. Using targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, we discovered that cold and β3-adrenergic stimulation promote BAT to produce maresin 2 (MaR2), a member of the specialized pro-resolving mediators of bioactive lipids that play a role in the resolution of inflammation. Notably, MaR2 reduces inflammation in obesity in part by targeting macrophages in the liver. Thus, BAT-derived MaR2 could contribute to the beneficial effects of BAT activation in resolving obesity-induced inflammation and may inform therapeutic approaches to combat obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sugimoto
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hebe Agustina Mena
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shio Kobayashi
- Section of Immunobiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuanzhi Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Darcy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerson Profeta
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nayara Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Serwold
- Section of Immunobiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Efi Kokkotou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luiz Osório Leiria
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matthew Spite
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Peñín-Grandes S, Martín-Hernández J, Valenzuela PL, López-Ortiz S, Pinto-Fraga J, Solá LDR, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Exercise and the hallmarks of peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 2022; 350:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Yang J, Ding X, Wang N, Pan Y, Xiao E, Mu S, Wang L, Li D, Li D. Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Clinical Guiding Significance of Free Fatty Acids. Front Surg 2022; 9:814540. [PMID: 35711703 PMCID: PMC9195184 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.814540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is still controversial whether preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) should be applied to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. There is no relevant consensus or indicators to provide guidance as to whether T2DM patients should take POC. Methods In total, 164 T2DM patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy were analyzed. According to the level of blood free fatty acids (FFAs) and whether the patients received POC, the patients were divided into 6 groups: the low FFA carbohydrate group (LFFAC group), low FFA fasting water group (LFFAF group), medium FFA carbohydrate group (MFFAC group), medium FFA fasting water group (MFFAF group), high FFA carbohydrate group (HFFAC group) and high FFA fasting water group (HFFAF group). Results Patients with low FFA levels showed better perioperative blood glucose control and a lower incidence of postoperative complications than those in the medium and high FFA groups, especially when patients received POC. Further analyses revealed that the postoperative plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the POC group compared with the fasting water group, except for patients with high FFA levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that when the FFA concentration was higher than 0.745 mmol/L, the risk of poor blood glucose control during the perioperative period was increased. Conclusions FFAs have clinical guiding significance for the application of POC in patients with T2DM under ERAS administration. T2DM patients with low FFAs are more suitable for receiving POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujin Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erwei Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senmao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liancai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Correspondence: Dongxiao Li Deyu Li
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Correspondence: Dongxiao Li Deyu Li
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12
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Azari ZD, Aljubran F, Nothnick WB. Inflammatory MicroRNAs and the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis and Atherosclerosis: Common Pathways and Future Directions Towards Elucidating the Relationship. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2089-2104. [PMID: 35476352 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data indicates an association between endometriosis and subclinical atherosclerosis, with women with endometriosis at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. Inflammation is proposed to play a central role in the pathophysiology of both diseases and elevated levels of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are well documented. However, a thorough understanding on the mediators and mechanisms which contribute to altered cytokine expression in both diseases remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of inflammatory pathways and numerous studies have reported altered circulating levels of miRNAs in both endometriosis and atherosclerosis. Potential contribution of miRNA-mediated inflammatory cascades common to the pathophysiology of both diseases has not been evaluated but could offer insight into common pathways and early manifestation relevant to both diseases which may help understand cause and effect. In this review, we discuss and summarize differentially expressed inflammatory circulating miRNAs in endometriosis subjects, compare this profile to that of circulating levels associated with atherosclerosis when possible, and then discuss mechanistic studies focusing on these miRNAs in relevant cell, tissue, and animal models. We conclude by discussing the potential utility of targeting the relevant miRNAs in the MIF-IL-6-TNF-α pathway as therapeutic options and offer insight into future studies which will help us better understand not only the role of these miRNAs in the pathophysiology of both endometriosis and atherosclerosis but also commonality between both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubeen D Azari
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Fatimah Aljubran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Kumar P, Liu C, Hsu JW, Chacko S, Minard C, Jahoor F, Sekhar RV. Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e372. [PMID: 33783984 PMCID: PMC8002905 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OxS) and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated as causative factors for aging. Older adults (OAs) have an increased prevalence of elevated OxS, impaired mitochondrial fuel-oxidation (MFO), elevated inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, cognitive decline, muscle weakness, and sarcopenia, but contributing mechanisms are unknown, and interventions are limited/lacking. We previously reported that inducing deficiency of the antioxidant tripeptide glutathione (GSH) in young mice results in mitochondrial dysfunction, and that supplementing GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine [NAC]) in aged mice improves naturally-occurring GSH deficiency, mitochondrial impairment, OxS, and insulin resistance. This pilot trial in OA was conducted to test the effect of GlyNAC supplementation and withdrawal on intracellular GSH concentrations, OxS, MFO, inflammation, endothelial function, genotoxicity, muscle and glucose metabolism, body composition, strength, and cognition. METHODS A 36-week open-label clinical trial was conducted in eight OAs and eight young adults (YAs). After all the participants underwent an initial (pre-supplementation) study, the YAs were released from the study. OAs were studied again after GlyNAC supplementation for 24 weeks, and GlyNAC withdrawal for 12 weeks. Measurements included red-blood cell (RBC) GSH, MFO; plasma biomarkers of OxS, inflammation, endothelial function, glucose, and insulin; gait-speed, grip-strength, 6-min walk test; cognitive tests; genomic-damage; glucose-production and muscle-protein breakdown rates; and body-composition. RESULTS GlyNAC supplementation for 24 weeks in OA corrected RBC-GSH deficiency, OxS, and mitochondrial dysfunction; and improved inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin-resistance, genomic-damage, cognition, strength, gait-speed, and exercise capacity; and lowered body-fat and waist-circumference. However, benefits declined after stopping GlyNAC supplementation for 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS GlyNAC supplementation for 24-weeks in OA was well tolerated and lowered OxS, corrected intracellular GSH deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased inflammation, insulin-resistance and endothelial dysfunction, and genomic-damage, and improved strength, gait-speed, cognition, and body composition. Supplementing GlyNAC in aging humans could be a simple and viable method to promote health and warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premranjan Kumar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Jean W. Hsu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutritional Research CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutritional Research CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Charles Minard
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Farook Jahoor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutritional Research CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Rajagopal V. Sekhar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas77030USA
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Alissa EM, Algarni SA, Khaffji AJ, Al Mansouri NM. Role of inflammatory markers in polycystic ovaries syndrome: In relation to insulin resistance. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1409-1415. [PMID: 33522094 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP), and interlukin-6 (IL-6) with insulin resistance in Saudi women with polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS). METHODS One hundred eighty Saudi women with and without PCOS, aged 22-38 years, were randomly recruited in this age and body mass index matched case-control study. Clinical assessment, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters were determined for all study participants. RESULTS Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP, insulin, and insulin resistance indices were significantly higher among PCOS group than their age and BMI matched controls (p < 0.05). Results showed that only QUICK-I (β = -0.247, p < 0.0001, 95% CI: -3.009 to -0.977) independently predicted TNF-α levels after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma levels of TNF- α and IL-6 among PCOS women reflects a state of chronic inflammation with potential implication for insulin resistance, independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alissa
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Elemental Spectroscopy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiah A Algarni
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza J Khaffji
- Obstetrics and Gynecology in King Abdulaziz Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations of Sex and Race with Inflammatory Biomarkers during Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:711-723. [PMID: 33449289 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic, systemic inflammation is implicated in physical and mental health; little is known about whether sex and racial differences detected in adulthood are observed during adolescence or about normative changes occurring during adolescence. This longitudinal, United States-based study examined four biomarkers of systemic inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-8) in 315 adolescents (51% female; 58% black; baseline age = 16.49 years (SD = 1.56; range: 12.14-21.28)] at three timepoints. Notable results included: general decline in inflammatory biomarkers in older adolescents, lower levels of TNF-α/IL-8 in black adolescents, elevated CRP/IL-6 in females, and especially higher levels of IL-6 in black, female adolescents. Implications are discussed, particularly the potential health implications of elevated IL-6 in black females.
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Chaurasia B, Talbot CL, Summers SA. Adipocyte Ceramides-The Nexus of Inflammation and Metabolic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576347. [PMID: 33072120 PMCID: PMC7538607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose depots are heterogeneous tissues that store and sense fuel levels. Through the secretion of lipids, cytokines, and protein hormones (adipokines), they communicate with other organ systems, informing them of the organism's nutritional status. The adipose tissues include diverse types of adipocytes (white, beige, and brown) distinguished by the number/size of lipid droplets, mitochondrial density, and thermogenic capacity. Moreover, they include a spectrum of immune cells that modulate metabolic activity and tissue remodeling. The unique characteristics and interplay of these cells control the production of ceramides, a class of nutrient signals derived from fat and protein metabolism that modulate adipocyte function to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. The excessive accumulation of ceramides contributes to the adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic disease. Herein we review findings on this important class of lipid species and discuss their role at the convergence point that links overnutrition/inflammation to key features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and the Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Chad Lamar Talbot
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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M Abd El-Kader S, H Al-Jiffri O, A Neamatallah Z, M AlKhateeb A, S AlFawaz S. Weight reduction ameliorates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1329-1336. [PMID: 33402982 PMCID: PMC7751542 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) considered as one of the cardiovascular disorders (CVD) principle risk factor as diabetes is associated with abnormal levels of endothelial function, inflammatory and adipocytokines. Objective The aim of this study was to measure the impact of weight reducing on inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients. Methods One-hundred T2DM patients enrolled in the present study; the age range was 35–55 year. Participants shared in this study were enrolled in group (A) received diet control and aerobic exercise on treadmill, while, group (B) had no intervention for 3 months. Results The mean values of body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), E-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1 activity) were significantly decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in the training group, however the results of the control group were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion Weight reducing program modulates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients.
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Kaur J, Mukheja S, Varma S, Kalra HS, Khosa BS, Vohra K. Serum progranulin/tumor necrosis factor-α ratio as independent predictor of systolic blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study. Egypt Heart J 2020; 72:25. [PMID: 32424472 PMCID: PMC7235130 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-020-00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular inflammation plays a key role in the progression of hypertension. Progranulin (PGRN), an anti-inflammatory growth factor, mediated inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pleiotropic cytokine, activity has been well-established. Despite the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in hypertension, serum levels of PGRN and PGRN/TNF-α ratio and, their association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure has not been determined in hypertensive patients till now. This study aims to find and correlate the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory growth factor (PGRN), and PGRN/TNF-α ratio with the blood pressure in systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH) and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) patients. Results A cross-sectional study was conducted on SDH patients (mean age, 52.95 ± 12.6 years; male/female (M/F) number = 15/10) and ISH patients (mean age, 55.80 ± 9.40 years; M/F number = 12/13) (n = 25 each). Twenty-five age and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy subjects (mean age, 56.00 ± 8.55 years; male/female number = 11/14) were considered as control. All patients and healthy subjects were overweight (BMI, 25–30 kg/m2). Overnight fasting blood samples of subjects were taken and levels of PGRN and TNF-α were measured using ELISA diagnostic kits. PGRN and TNF-α levels were found significantly high, whereas PGRN/TNF ratio was found very low, in SDH and ISH patients as compared to healthy subjects. Reduced PGRN/TNF-α ratio and pulse pressure were found as independent predictors of SBP both in SDH and ISH patients. Conclusions Findings of elevated PGRN levels in response to raised TNF-α levels depict the counter regulation by PGRN to neutralize TNF-α. Findings of reduced PGRN/TNF ratio, and it being an independent predictor of SBP, ascertain the key role of imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory environment in hypertension. Thus, it strengthens the cross-link between the concept of immunity–adiposity–inflammation–blood pressure¸ a vicious network. Further, this cross-link of SBP and progranulin must be explored in longitudinal studies. New researches should be focused not only on impact of pro-inflammatory environment rather to find on a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory status, so that new target sites could be explored for therapeutic management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Supriya Mukheja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Sadbhavna Medical & Heart Institute, Patiala, India
| | | | | | - Kanchan Vohra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
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Bao Y, Xiao J, Weng Z, Lu X, Shen X, Wang F. A phenolic glycoside from Moringa oleifera Lam. improves the carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms through AMPK in db/db mice. Food Chem 2020; 311:125948. [PMID: 31877545 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zebin Weng
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Sundström-Poromaa I, Thu WPP, Kramer MS, Logan S, Cauley JA, Yong EL. Risk factors for insulin resistance in midlife Singaporean women. Maturitas 2020; 137:50-56. [PMID: 32498937 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the extent to which risk factors for insulin resistance are mediated by body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), physical activity and performance, and the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). STUDY DESIGN A wide range of socio-demographic characteristics of Chinese, Malay and Indian women attending routine gynecologic care in Singapore were prospectively collected. Physical performance was objectively measured by hand grip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Percent VAT was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, IL-6, TNF- α, and hs-CRP were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE was insulin resistance, expressed as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS 1159 women were analyzed, mean age 56.3 (range 45-69) years, comprising women of Chinese (84.0%), Indian (10.2%), and Malay (5.7%) ethnic origins. The adjusted mean differences for obesity (0.66, 95% CI 0.32-1.00), VAT area in the highest vs lowest tertile (1.03, 95% CI 0.73-1.34), low physical performance (0.63, 95% CI 0.05-1.24), and highest vs lowest tertile of TNF- α (0.35, 95% CI 0.13-0.57) were independently associated with HOMA-IR. Women of Malay and Indian ethnicity had higher crude HOMA-IR than Chinese women. However, after adjustment for obesity, VAT, physical performance, and TNF- α, no differences in mean HOMA-IR remained, when comparing Chinese women with those of Malay ethnicity (0.27, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.66) and with those of Indian ethnicity (0.30, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.66). CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance was independently associated with obesity, high VAT, low physical performance, and high levels of TNF- α in midlife Singaporean women. These variables entirely explained the significant differences in insulin resistance between women of Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Sundström-Poromaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Win Pa Pa Thu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health and of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Susan Logan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eu-Leong Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.
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Atoum MF, Abdulmawjood BR. Association between -308(G/A) and -1031(T/C) polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor alpha among polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jansen van Vuren E, Malan L, von Känel R, Magnusson M, Lammertyn L, Malan NT. Prospective associations between cardiac stress, glucose dysregulation and executive cognitive function in Black men: The Sympathetic activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:236-243. [PMID: 30557037 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118816221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose dysregulation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease development through synaptic dysfunction resulting in cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to study the interplay between impaired glycaemic metabolism (hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance), cardiac stress (cardiac troponin T and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide) and executive cognitive function prospectively, in a bi-ethnic sex cohort. METHODS Black and White teachers (N = 338, aged 20-63 years) from the Sympathetic activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans study were monitored over a 3-year period. Fasting blood samples were obtained for cardiac troponin T, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, glycated haemoglobin and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance for insulin resistance. The Stroop colour-word conflict test was applied to assess executive cognitive function at baseline. RESULTS Over the 3-year period, Black men revealed constant high levels of cardiac troponin T (⩾4.2 ng/L), pre-diabetes (glycated haemoglobin > 5.7%) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance >3). %Δ Glycated haemoglobin was associated with %Δ insulin resistance (p < 0.001) and increases in %ΔN-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (p = 0.02) in Black men only. In the latter, baseline Stroop colour-word conflict test was inversely associated with %Δ cardiac troponin T (p = 0.001) and %Δ insulin resistance levels (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Progressive myocyte stretch and chronic myocyte injury, coupled with glucose dysregulation, may interfere with processes related to interference control in Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmé Jansen van Vuren
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) and School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Leoné Malan
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) and School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roland von Känel
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) and School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- 2 Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Magnusson
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- 4 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- 5 Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leandi Lammertyn
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) and School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- 6 MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nicolaas T Malan
- 1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) and School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Association between serum and adipose tissue resistin with dysglycemia in South Asian women. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:5. [PMID: 30778042 PMCID: PMC6379415 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mechanisms of obesity-associated insulin resistance and dysglycemia in South Asians remain relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to detect subcutaneous (SAT) vs. visceral (VAT) adipose tissue characteristics and adipocytokines associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dysglycemia in South Asian women. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in Sri Lanka. Subjects comprised of 58 adult women who underwent routine abdominal surgeries. SAT and VAT were obtained from anterior abdominal wall and omentum, respectively. Measures of adiposity, serum insulin and glucose, SAT and VAT crown-like structures (CLS), macrophages, resistin by immunohistochemistry, mean adipocyte area (MAA), and serum adipocytokines were examined. RESULTS The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score significantly correlated with age and waist circumference (WC), but not with body mass index (BMI). Although the number of CLS positively correlated with BMI, there were no significant differences between the number of CLS in women with normal fasting glucose (NFG) vs. those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), indicating that adipose tissue macrophage infiltration is unlikely to be related to dysglycemia. In contrast, serum resistin level was on average 60% higher in women with IFG compared to ones with NFG (p < 0.05). Serum resistin levels correlated with age (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and WC (r = 0.27, p < 0.05). There were no associations in serum levels of other adipocytokines with IFG. Adipose immunohistochemistry showed that women with IFG had a higher percentage of resistin positive adipocytes in SAT compared to ones with NFG. MAA of VAT, but not SAT, correlated with both BMI and WC. CONCLUSIONS Resistin may be an important adipokine linking central adiposity and insulin resistance in South Asian women. Both systemic and adipose tissue resistin are linked to dysglycemia in these individuals and may be a potential biomarker for diabetes in this population.
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Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Diaque P, Hernandez S, Rosas S, Kostic A, Caballero AE. Understanding the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic population living in the United States. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3097. [PMID: 30445663 PMCID: PMC6953173 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the Hispanic population in the United States are higher than the national average. This is partly due to sociocultural factors, such as lower income and decreased access to education and health care, as well as a genetic susceptibility to obesity and higher insulin resistance. This review focuses on understanding the Hispanic population living in the United States from a multidisciplinary approach and underlines the importance of cultural, social, and biological factors in determining the increased risk of T2D in this population. An overview of the acute and chronic complications of T2D upon this population is included, which is of paramount importance to understand the toll that diabetes has upon this population, the health system, and society as a whole. Specific interventions directed to the Hispanic populations are needed to prevent and alleviate some of the burdens of T2D. Different prevention strategies based on medications, lifestyle modifications, and educational programmes are discussed herein. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care of all people with diabetes and is considered necessary to improve patient outcomes. To be more effective, programmes should take into consideration cultural factors that influence the development and progression of diabetes. These interventions aim to enhance long-term effects by reducing the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of T2D in the Hispanic population of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Diaque
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonia Hernandez
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Surgery Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Silvia Rosas
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aleksandar Kostic
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shi J, Fan J, Su Q, Yang Z. Cytokines and Abnormal Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:703. [PMID: 31736870 PMCID: PMC6833922 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Some cytokines play a positive role in metabolism action, while others have a negative metabolic role linking to the induction of metabolic dysfunction. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood, but are associated with lipid accumulation in organs and tissues, especially in the adipose and liver tissue, changes in energy metabolism, and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types, including immune cells. In this review, we describe the roles of certain cytokines in the regulation of metabolism and inter-organ signaling in regard to the pathophysiological aspects. Given the disease-related changes in circulating levels of relevant cytokines, these factors may serve as biomarkers for the early detection of metabolic disorders. Moreover, based on preclinical studies, certain cytokines that can induce improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism and immune response may emerge as novel targets of broader and more efficacious treatments and prevention of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Su
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Zhen Yang
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Wang Y, Cheng YS, Yin XQ, Yu G, Jia BL. Anxa2 gene silencing attenuates obesity-induced insulin resistance by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C223-C234. [PMID: 30462534 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00242.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) continues to pose a major threat to public health due to its role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its ever-increasing prevalence on a global scale. The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of Anxa2 in obesity-induced IR through the mediation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Microarray analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed genes associated with obesity. To verify whether Anxa2 was differentially expressed in IR triggered by obesity, IR mouse models were established in connection with a high-fat diet (HFD). In the mouse IR model, the role of differentially expressed Anxa2 in glycometabolism and IR was subsequently detected. To investigate the effect of Anxa2 on IR and its correlation with inflammation, a palmitic acid (PA)-induced IR cell model was established, with the relationship between Anxa2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway investigated accordingly. Anxa2 was determined to be highly expressed in IR. Silencing Anxa2 was shown to inhibit IR triggered by obesity. When Anxa2 was knocked down, elevated expression of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), IRS1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1a, and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity along with 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake was detected, whereas decreased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and p50 was observed. Taken together, the current study ultimately demonstrated that Anxa2 may be a novel drug strategy for IR disruption, indicating that Anxa2 gene silencing is capable of alleviating PA or HFD-induced IR and inflammation through its negative regulatory role in the process of p50 nuclear translocation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Ben-Li Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
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Saukkonen T, Mutt SJ, Jokelainen J, Saukkonen AM, Raza GS, Karhu T, Härkönen P, Eckel J, Herzig KH, Rajala U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. Adipokines and inflammatory markers in elderly subjects with high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12816. [PMID: 30143687 PMCID: PMC6109175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a significant role in pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis. Increased adiposity with an upregulation of cytokines in prediabetes has been associated with vascular inflammation and considered a leading causal factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Information on adipokines and inflammatory markers in prediabetes, defined by hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) 5.7-6.4% in addition to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), are sparse. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study (part of a follow-up study) of inhabitants of Oulu, Finland, born in 1935. Inflammatory markers and traditional risk markers of 367 subjects were measured. The glucose status was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c. Inflammatory markers and glycemic levels were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Of the participants, 193 were normoglycemic, 82 had prediabetes and 40 T2D. Inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in subjects with prediabetes as compared to normoglycemic subjects: IL-4 (14.9 vs 5.9 pg/ml, p = 0.041), IP-10 (251 vs 209 pg/ml, p = 0.05), TNF-α (10.4 vs 6.9 pg/ml, p = 0.027), RANTES (43.3 vs 33.1 pg/ml, p = 0.009), CD40L (3708 vs 1671 pg/ml, p = 0.010) and VEGF (269 vs 174 pg/ml, p = 0.013). These inflammatory cytokines remained significant even after adjustment for waist circumference. The differences in inflammatory markers in prediabetic and T2D subjects were not statistically significant. Prediabetes was associated with low-grade inflammation with increased inflammatory cytokine levels, while the levels in prediabetic subjects were comparable to those in T2D subjects. The associations were independent of visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Saukkonen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Oulunkaari Ky, Federation of Municipalities, Piisilta 1, Ii, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology & Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology & Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Karhu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology & Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirjo Härkönen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Deaconess Institute/Diapolis Oy Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (GDC), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology & Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ulla Rajala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Deaconess Institute/Diapolis Oy Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Deaconess Institute/Diapolis Oy Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
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Bariatric Surgery Resistance: Using Preoperative Lifestyle Medicine and/or Pharmacology for Metabolic Responsiveness. Obes Surg 2018; 27:3281-3291. [PMID: 29058238 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is an effective and durable treatment for individuals with obesity and its associated comorbidities. However, not all patients meet weight loss and/or cardiometabolic goals following bariatric surgery, suggesting that some people are bariatric surgery resistant. The reason for this resistance is unclear, but potential factors, such as adiposity-derived inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and aerobic fitness prior to surgery, have been related to blunted surgery responsiveness. Exercise, diet, and/or pharmacology are effective at reducing inflammation and improving insulin action as well as physical function. Herein, we present data that supports the novel hypothesis that intervening prior to surgery can enhance disease resolution in people who are resistant to bariatric surgery.
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29
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Sima P, Vannucci L, Vetvicka V. β-glucans and cholesterol (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1799-1808. [PMID: 29393350 PMCID: PMC5810204 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of primary risk factors of cardiovascular disease, together with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes. Although progress has been made, the search for novel methods of preventing and treating dyslipidemia is ongoing and current therapies for cardiovascular disease induce various side effects. β-glucans are linear unbranched polysaccharides found in various natural sources, such as mushrooms. Due to their structure they are able to interact with innate immunity receptors, however they also act as dietary fibers in the digestive tract. As there are two forms of β-glucans, insoluble and soluble forms, they are able to interact with lipids and biliary salts in the bowel and consequently reduce cholesterol levels. Therefore, they may be developed as a suitable therapeutic option to treat patients with dyslipidemia, as they are natural molecules that do not induce any significant side effects. The current review discusses the evidence supporting the effects of β-glucans on cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sima
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Seyam E, Hasan M, Khalifa EM, Ramadan A, Hefzy E. Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor alpha serum level in obese and lean women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary disease. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:892-898. [PMID: 28480767 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1320383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the level of the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as an inflammatory biomarker in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary disease (PCOD), who are resistant to clomiphene citrate (CCR-PCOD). PATIENTS AND DESIGN It is a case-controlled study, where 150 (n = 150) PCOD women (study group), who are resistant to clomiphene citrate (CCR-PCOD) had been recruited, in addition to 100 (n = 100) women with PCOD, who are not resistant to clomiphene citrate (NCCR-PCOD) as the first control group, and another 100 women (n = 100) fertile women with normal reproductive health, as the second control group. All the recruited subjects had been divided into subgroups according to the BMI: One obese group with BMI ≥ 27 and the second lean group with BMI < 27. TNF-α had been measured in all women groups recruited, in addition to the other essential, basic and PCOD-relevant biochemical and hormonal tests. RESULTS TNF-α level was found to be higher in all PCOD women, either the study or control PCOD groups, than the fertile control group (49.93 ± 3.39 versus 35.83 ± 2.47 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The level of TNF-α has come highest in the obese clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOD women (obese CCR-PCOD), while the lowest has come in the lean PCOD women, who are not resistant to clomiphene citrate (NCCR-PCOD). Free Androgen Index (FAI) and androgenic obesity with higher W/H ratio were clearly going with TNF-α pattern and have come higher in all PCOD compared to the fertile control group. Insulin resistance (IR) shows a positive correlation with BMI regardless off PCOD status and androgen level as well. The level of other basic and PCOD-relevant hormones like FSH, TSH and prolactin have never shown statistically significant differences between all the study and control groups, except LH serum level which has shown a nonsignificant higher level in all PCOD women included either resistant to CC or not. CONCLUSION TNF-α serum level has come significantly higher in all women with PCOD, especially in those resistant to CC. Androgenic obesity with higher W/H ratio has shown a positive correlation with TNF-α level, which could consider it a good severity index of PCOD status and an informative predictor of CCR before its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaduldin Seyam
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia University College of Medicine , Minia , Egypt
| | - Momen Hasan
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia University College of Medicine , Minia , Egypt
| | - Eissa M Khalifa
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia University College of Medicine , Minia , Egypt
| | - Ahmad Ramadan
- b Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Minia General Hospital , Minia , Egypt
| | - Enas Hefzy
- c Microbiology and Immunology Department , Fayoum University College of Medicine , Fayoum , Egypt
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31
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Santaren ID, Watkins SM, Liese AD, Wagenknecht LE, Rewers MJ, Haffner SM, Lorenzo C, Festa A, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ. Individual serum saturated fatty acids and markers of chronic subclinical inflammation: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2171-2179. [PMID: 28928169 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p076836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has documented distinct effects of individual saturated FAs (SFAs) on cardiometabolic outcomes, with potential protective effects from odd- and very long-chain SFAs (VLSFAs). Cross-sectional and prospective associations of individual serum SFAs (12:0, 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and total SFA) with proinflammatory biomarkers and adiponectin were investigated in 555 adults from the IRAS. Principal component analysis (PCA) of proinflammatory markers yielded three clusters: principal component (PC) 1: fibrinogen, white cell count, C-reactive protein; PC 2: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), TNF-α, IL-18; PC 3: IL-6 and IL-8. Cross-sectional analyses on proinflammatory PCs and adiponectin, and prospective analyses on 5 year PAI-1 and fibrinogen concentrations were conducted with multiple regression. Total SFA and 16:0 were positively associated with PC 1 and PC 2, and negatively associated with adiponectin. The 14:0 was positively associated with PC 1 and negatively associated with adiponectin. In contrast, 15:0, 20:0, and 22:0 were negatively associated with PC 2, and 20:0 and 22:0 were positively associated with adiponectin. The 18:0 was negatively associated with PC 3. Prospectively, 15:0, 18:0, 20:0, and 22:0 were negatively associated with 5 year PAI-1 concentrations. The results demonstrate that individual SFAs have distinct roles in subclinical inflammation, highlighting the unique metabolic impacts of individual SFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Santaren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
| | | | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Steven M Haffner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Andreas Festa
- 1 Medical Department, LK Stockerau, Niederösterreich, Austria 2000
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2 .,Leadership Sinai Center for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
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Perrini S, Cignarelli A, Quaranta VN, Falcone VA, Kounaki S, Porro S, Ciavarella A, Ficarella R, Barbaro M, Genchi VA, Nigro P, Carratù P, Natalicchio A, Laviola L, Resta O, Giorgino F. Correction of intermittent hypoxia reduces inflammation in obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnea. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94379. [PMID: 28878129 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) may be linked to systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. METHODS We obtained abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from OSA and non-OSA obese (BMI > 35) subjects at baseline and after 24 weeks (T1) of weight-loss intervention plus continuous positive airway pressure (c-PAP) or weight-loss intervention alone, respectively. OSA subjects were grouped according to good (therapeutic) or poor (subtherapeutic) adherence to c-PAP. RESULTS At baseline, anthropometric and metabolic parameters, serum cytokines, and adipose tissue mRNA levels of obesity-associated chemokines and inflammatory markers were not different in OSA and non-OSA subjects. At T1, body weight was significantly reduced in all groups. Serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1, PDGFβ, and VEGFα were reduced by therapeutic c-PAP in OSA subjects and remained unaltered in non-OSA and subtherapeutic c-PAP groups. Similarly, adipose tissue mRNA levels of macrophage-specific (CD68, CD36) and ER stress (ATF4, CHOP, ERO-1) gene markers, as well as of IL-6, PDGFβ, and VEGFα, were decreased only in the therapeutic c-PAP group. CONCLUSION CIH does not represent an additional factor increasing systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in morbid obesity. However, in subjects with OSA, an effective c-PAP therapy improves systemic and obesity-associated inflammatory markers. FUNDING Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca and Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs - Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Antonio Falcone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs - Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Stella Kounaki
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Stefania Porro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Alessandro Ciavarella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Romina Ficarella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Maria Barbaro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Valentina Annamaria Genchi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Pierluigi Carratù
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs - Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Onofrio Resta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs - Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, and
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Protects against Cytokine Production as the Potential Immunosuppressive Agents in Atherosclerosis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7424307. [PMID: 29038791 PMCID: PMC5606136 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7424307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation is a critical factor at all stages of atherosclerosis progression. Proinflammatory cytokines accelerate atherosclerosis progression, while anti-inflammatory cytokines ameliorate the disease. Accordingly, strategies to inhibit immune activation and impede immune responses towards anti-inflammatory activity are an alternative therapeutic strategy to conventional chemotherapy on cardiocerebrovascular outcomes. Since a number of Chinese medicinal plants have been used traditionally to prevent and treat atherosclerosis, it is reasonable to assume that the plants used for such disease may suppress the immune responses and the resultant inflammation. This review focuses on plants that have immunomodulatory effects on the production of inflammatory cytokine burst and are used in Chinese traditional medicine for the prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Evaluation of tumor necrosis factor alpha serum level in obese and lean women with clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary disease. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Manini TM, Anton SD, Beavers DP, Cauley JA, Espeland MA, Fielding RA, Kritchevsky SB, Leeuwenburgh C, Lewis KH, Liu C, McDermott MM, Miller ME, Tracy RP, Walston JD, Radziszewska B, Lu J, Stowe C, Wu S, Newman AB, Ambrosius WT, Pahor M. ENabling Reduction of Low-grade Inflammation in SEniors Pilot Study: Concept, Rationale, and Design. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:1961-1968. [PMID: 28734043 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test two interventions to reduce interleukin (IL)-6 levels, an indicator of low-grade chronic inflammation and an independent risk factor for impaired mobility and slow walking speed in older adults. DESIGN The ENabling Reduction of low-Grade Inflammation in SEniors (ENRGISE) Pilot Study was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial of two interventions to reduce IL-6 levels. SETTING Five university-based research centers. PARTICIPANTS Target enrollment was 300 men and women aged 70 and older with an average plasma IL-6 level between 2.5 and 30 pg/mL measured twice at least 1 week apart. Participants had low to moderate physical function, defined as self-reported difficulty walking one-quarter of a mile or climbing a flight of stairs and usual walk speed of less than 1 m/s on a 4-m usual-pace walk. INTERVENTION Participants were randomized to losartan, omega-3 fish oil (ω-3), combined losartan and ω-3, or placebo. Randomization was stratified depending on eligibility for each group. A titration schedule was implemented to reach a dose that was safe and effective for IL-6 reduction. Maximal doses were 100 mg/d for losartan and 2.8 g/d for ω-3. MEASUREMENTS IL-6, walking speed over 400 m, physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery), other inflammatory markers, safety, tolerability, frailty domains, and maximal leg strength were measured. RESULTS Results from the ENRGISE Pilot Study will provide recruitment yields, feasibility, medication tolerance and adherence, and preliminary data to help justify a sample size for a more definitive randomized trial. CONCLUSION The ENRGISE Pilot Study will inform a larger subsequent trial that is expected to have important clinical and public health implications for the growing population of older adults with low-grade chronic inflammation and mobility limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Kristina H Lewis
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christine Liu
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael E Miller
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Radziszewska
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jane Lu
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Cindy Stowe
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter T Ambrosius
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Castillo‐Hernandez J, Maldonado‐Cervantes MI, Reyes JP, Patiño‐Marin N, Maldonado‐Cervantes E, Solorzano‐Rodriguez C, de la Cruz Mendoza E, Alvarado‐Sanchez B. A obesidade é um determinante da resistência à insulina mais importante do que os níveis circulantes de citocinas pró‐inflamatórias em pacientes com artrite reumatoide. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Brannick B, Wynn A, Dagogo-Jack S. Prediabetes as a toxic environment for the initiation of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 241:1323-31. [PMID: 27302176 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216654227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is a state characterized by impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Evidence is increasingly demonstrating that prediabetes is a toxic state, in addition to being a harbinger of future development of diabetes mellitus. This minireview discusses the pathophysiology and clinical significance of prediabetes, and approach to its management, in the context of the worldwide diabetes epidemic. The pathophysiologic defects underlying prediabetes include insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, increased lipolysis, inflammation, suboptimal incretin effect, and possibly hepatic glucose overproduction. Recent studies have revealed that the long-term complications of diabetes may manifest in some people with prediabetes; these complications include classical microvascular and macrovascular disorders, and our discussion explores the role of glycemia in their development. Finally, landmark intervention studies in prediabetes, including lifestyle modification and pharmacologic treatment, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Brannick
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anne Wynn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, TN 38163, USA
| | - Samuel Dagogo-Jack
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, TN 38163, USA
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Abo El Gheit R, Emam MN. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 in early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Int 2017; 103:413-427. [PMID: 28229631 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.4.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular diabetic complications. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 induction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early DN in rats. The diabetic rats were divided into three groups: STZ-diabetic, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP)-treated diabetic, and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP)-treated diabetic groups. Compared to the STZ-diabetic group, CoPP-induced HO-1 upregulation improved the diabetic state and renal functional parameters, suppressed the renal proinflammatory marker, NF-κB, abrogated the elevated renal hydroxyprolin, and decreased the enhanced renal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity with parallel reduction of urinary oxidative stress markers. On the contrary, treatment with ZnPP abrogated HO-1 levels, aggravated the diabetic condition with further increases in renal oxidative stress, fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and exacerbated renal dysfunction in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that the reduced diabetic renal injury upon HO-1 induction implicates the role of HO-1 induction as a potential treatment for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abo El Gheit
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
| | - M N Emam
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
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Castillo-Hernandez J, Maldonado-Cervantes MI, Reyes JP, Patiño-Marin N, Maldonado-Cervantes E, Solorzano-Rodriguez C, de la Cruz Mendoza E, Alvarado-Sanchez B. Obesity is the main determinant of insulin resistance more than the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017; 57:320-329. [PMID: 28743359 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic blockade of TNF-α in Rheumatoid arthritis with insulin resistance seems to produce more improvement in insulin sensitivity in normal weight patients with Rheumatoid arthritis than in obese patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that systemic-inflammation and obesity are independent risk factors for insulin resistance in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the insulin resistance in: normal weight patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, overweight patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, obese Rheumatoid arthritis patients, and matched control subjects with normal weight and obesity; and its association with major cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS Assessments included: body mass index, insulin resistance by Homeostasis Model Assessment, ELISA method, and enzymatic colorimetric assay. RESULTS Outstanding results from these studies include: (1) In Rheumatoid arthritis patients, insulin resistance was well correlated with body mass index, but not with levels of serum cytokines. In fact, levels of cytokines were similar in all Rheumatoid arthritis patients, regardless of being obese, overweight or normal weight (2) Insulin resistance was significantly higher in Rheumatoid arthritis with normal weight than in normal weight (3) No significant difference was observed between insulin resistances of Rheumatoid arthritis with obesity and obesity (4) As expected, levels of circulating cytokines were significantly higher in Rheumatoid arthritis patients than in obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obesity appears to be a dominant condition above inflammation to produce IR in RA patients. The dissociation of the inflammation and obesity components to produce IR suggests the need of an independent therapeutic strategy in obese patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Castillo-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México.
| | - Martha Imelda Maldonado-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
| | - Juan Pablo Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
| | - Nuria Patiño-Marin
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
| | - Enrique Maldonado-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
| | - Claudia Solorzano-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
| | - Esperanza de la Cruz Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina Nuclear, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
| | - Brenda Alvarado-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luís Potosí, México
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Li X, Zhu J, Liu N, Liu J, Zhang Z. TNF-Alpha in Peripheral Neuropathy Patients with Impaired Glucose Regulation. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7024024. [PMID: 28251164 PMCID: PMC5303864 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7024024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) is the prestate of diabetes; about 1/3 of IGR patients will develop to diabetes finally. In this study, we investigated the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in peripheral neuropathy impaired patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). A total of 70 IGR patients received the conventional nerve conduction test, including 30 patients with peripheral neuropathy (PN) and 40 patients without peripheral neuropathy (NPN). The other 40 healthy individuals were recruited as controls. The serum TNF-α and IL-6 in IGR patients were higher than in control group, and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in IGR-PN group were higher than in IGR-NPN group (27.7 ± 17.8 versus 13.1 ± 6.7 pg/mL and 18.1 ± 17.7 versus 6.4 ± 3.7 pg/mL, resp., both p < 0.05). Multifactors logistic regression analysis showed that TNF-α (OR = 0.893; p = 0.009) was an independent factor affecting whether IGR could combine with peripheral neuropathy. TNF-α and IL-6 could aggregate peripheral neuropathy in impaired glucose regulation patients; TNF-α might be independent risk factor for peripheral neuropathy in glucose regulation impaired patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhecheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin, China
- *Zhecheng Zhang:
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Physical Exercise Is a Potential "Medicine" for Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:269-286. [PMID: 29022268 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognized as the number one killer for decades. The most well-known risk factor is atherosclerosis. Unlike the acuity of CVD, atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive pathological change. This process involves inflammatory response, oxidative reaction, macrophage activity, and different interaction of inflammatory factors. Physical exercise has long been known as good for health in general. In recent studies, physical exercise has been demonstrated to be a therapeutic tool for atherosclerosis. However, its therapeutic effect has dosage-dependent effect. Un-proper over exercise might also cause damage to the heart. Here we summarize the mechanism of Physical exercise's beneficial effects and its potential clinical use.
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Kim T, Holleman CL, Ptacek T, Morrow CD, Habegger KM. Duodenal endoluminal barrier sleeve alters gut microbiota of ZDF rats. Parasite Immunol 2016; 39. [PMID: 27924082 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The combination of energy dense diets and reduced energy expenditure in modern society has escalated the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. Among these disease states, type-2 diabetics (T2D) are disproportionately associated with obesity, suggesting a shared etiology. In conjunction with defects in hormonal and inflammatory states, obesity and T2D are also characterized by dysbiosis. METHODS We have recently described the beneficial effects of duodenal nutrient exclusion, as induced by the duodenal endoluminal sleeve (DES); including body weight loss, prevented fat mass accumulation, and improved glucose tolerance in the ZDF rat, a rodent model of obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D). To assess the relative role of DES on hindgut microbiota in the context of these metabolic changes, we analyzed cecal samples from rats implanted with a duodenal endoluminal sleeve (DES), or a sham control of this procedure. A group of pair-fed (pf) sham controls was also included to account for changes induced by reduced body weight and food intake. RESULTS Analysis of hindgut microbiota following DES in the ZDF rat elucidated discrete changes in several microbial populations including a reduction in Paraprevotella family members of the Clostridiales order along with an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and species of the Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium genera. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these observations suggest that like Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and Metformin, regulation of gut microbiota may be a contributing factor to the therapeutic effects of DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C L Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - T Ptacek
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C D Morrow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Mosikanon K, Arthan D, Kettawan A, Tungtrongchitr R, Prangthip P. Yeast β–Glucan Modulates Inflammation and Waist Circumference in Overweight and Obese Subjects. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:173-185. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1207005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kwak HJ, Choi HE, Jang J, Park SK, Cho BH, Kim SK, Lee S, Kang NS, Cheon HG. Suppression of Adipocyte Differentiation by Foenumoside B from Lysimachia foenum-graecum Is Mediated by PPARγ Antagonism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155432. [PMID: 27176632 PMCID: PMC4866755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysimachia foenum-graecum extract (LFE) and its active component foenumoside B (FSB) have been shown to inhibit adipocyte differentiation, but their mechanisms were poorly defined. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for their anti-adipogenic effects. Both LFE and FSB inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, accompanied by reductions in the expressions of the lipogenic genes aP2, CD36, and FAS. Moreover, LFE and FSB inhibited PPARγ transactivation activity with IC50s of 22.5 μg/ml and 7.63 μg/ml, respectively, and showed selectivity against PPARα and PPARδ. Rosiglitazone-induced interaction between PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and coactivator SRC-1 was blocked by LFE or FSB, whereas reduced NCoR-1 binding to PPARγ by rosiglitazone was reversed in the presence of LFE or FSB. In vivo administration of LFE into either ob/ob mice or KKAy mice reduced body weights, and levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα in fat tissues. Furthermore, insulin resistance was ameliorated by LFE treatment, with reduced adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic steatosis. Thus, LFE and FSB were found to act as PPARγ antagonists that improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles. We propose that LFE and its active component FSB offer a new therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders including obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyoung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Heon Cho
- Natural Substance Research Team, Pharmaceutical R&D center, Kolmar Korea Co. Ltd., Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Natural Substance Research Team, Pharmaceutical R&D center, Kolmar Korea Co. Ltd., Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyi Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Bossick AS, Peters RM, Burmeister C, Kakumanu N, Shill JE, Cassidy-Bushrow AE. Antenatal inflammation and gestational diabetes mellitus risk among pregnant African-American women. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 115:1-5. [PMID: 27061480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although inflammation is associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), little is known if there is an association between inflammation and GDM in African-American women, a group at higher risk for GDM complications. In the present study, we aimed to determine if selected inflammatory cytokines (i.e. TNF-α, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-6/IL-10 ratio, IL-1β) measured in the 2nd trimester, were associated with GDM risk in 185 pregnant African-American women. GDM was defined as a physician-documented GDM diagnosis, a fasting glucose between 92 and 125mg/dl, or evidence of glucose intolerance (defined using the 3-h glucose tolerance test). A total of 18 women (9.7%) had GDM. After covariate adjustment, C-reactive protein, measured at a mean 21.2±3.7 weeks gestation, was statistically significantly associated with GDM development (P=0.025); for every one-unit increase in log-transformed C-reactive protein, the odds of GDM increased by 5.3. Results were similar using a principal component analysis approach. This study provides evidence that higher levels of 2nd trimester C-reactive protein is associated with increased risk of GDM in African-American women. Further research is needed to examine whether C-reactive protein may be a useful early-pregnancy screen for evaluating potential GDM risk in African-American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Bossick
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Charlotte Burmeister
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Naveen Kakumanu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jessica E Shill
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Joseph JJ, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Golden SH, Chen H, Jenny NS, Carnethon MR, Jacobs D, Burke GL, Vaidya D, Ouyang P, Bertoni AG. Physical activity, sedentary behaviors and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016; 4:e000185. [PMID: 27403323 PMCID: PMC4932325 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and incident diabetes has been assessed in whites but is less well investigated in multiethnic populations. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between PA, sedentary behavior, and incident diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Incident diabetes was assessed among adults without prevalent baseline diabetes (2000-2002) at 5 in-person examinations between 2002 and 2012. Baseline PA (moderate, vigorous, and exercise-specific; metabolic equivalents of task-hours/week) and sedentary behaviors (television watching, reading; hours/day) were assessed by questionnaire. HRs were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Among 5829 adults (mean age 61.8 years, 54% female, 42% white, 12% Chinese-American, 26% African-American, 21% Hispanic-American), there were 655 incident diabetes cases (median follow-up 11.1 years). After adjustment, diabetes risk was lower in those with brisk or striding compared with none or casual walking pace (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.84), higher levels of exercise PA (HR for highest vs lowest quartile 0.79; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98), and any compared with no vigorous PA (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95). Race/ethnicity influenced the association of walking pace, exercise PA, and any vigorous PA on diabetes risk, which was only significant among whites. Total leisure sedentary behaviors (HR for highest vs lowest quartile 1.65; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.14) and television watching (HR for highest vs lowest quartile 2.68; 95% CI 1.38 to 5.21) were significantly associated with diabetes risk in multiethnic analyses and were influenced by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the importance of PA and sedentary behavior on diabetes risk in a multiethnic population and demonstrate potential variations across race/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Joseph
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sherita H Golden
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Swords Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory L Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Dashtabi A, Mazloom Z, Fararouei M, Hejazi N. Oral L-Arginine Administration Improves Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices Associated With Cardiovascular Diseases in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Single Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Res Cardiovasc Med 2015; 5:e29419. [PMID: 26889456 PMCID: PMC4750008 DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.29419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the potential of L-arginine supplementation as a novel and effective strategy for weight loss and improving biochemical parameters in obese patients has been under consideration. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of 8-week oral L-arginine supplementation on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold (TS), subscapular skinfold (SS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), plasma fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with BMI values > 29.9 or visceral obesity (WC > 102 cm in men or > 88 cm in women). PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety obese patients were included in a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either L-arginine (3 or 6 g thrice daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical indices, dietary intake, and blood pressure values were measured at the baseline and after the 8-week intervention. RESULTS Significant decreases in anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (SBP, DBP), FBS, HbA1c, LDL, MDA (P < 0.001), TG (P = 0.02), and TC (P = 0.002) and a significant increase in HDL (P < 0.001) were observed in the intervention group, compared to the control group. In the control group, no significant differences were found between the baseline and end-of-intervention measurements. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, oral L-Arginine supplementation appears to improve anthropometric parameters, blood pressure values, and some blood biochemical indices associated with cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dashtabi
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Zohreh Mazloom, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9171111527, Fax: +98-7137251001, E-mail:
| | | | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Nutrition and Food Science Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Abstract
Testosterone is a key hormone in the pathology of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Low testosterone levels are associated with increased fat mass (particularly central adiposity) and reduced lean mass in males. These morphological features are linked to metabolic dysfunction, and testosterone deficiency is associated with energy imbalance, impaired glucose control, reduced insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia. A bidirectional relationship between testosterone and obesity underpins this association indicated by the hypogonadal-obesity cycle and evidence weight loss can lead to increased testosterone levels. Androgenic effects on enzymatic pathways of fatty acid metabolism, glucose control and energy utilization are apparent and often tissue specific with differential effects noted in different regional fat depots, muscle and liver to potentially explain the mechanisms of testosterone action. Testosterone replacement therapy demonstrates beneficial effects on measures of obesity that are partially explained by both direct metabolic actions on adipose and muscle and also potentially by increasing motivation, vigour and energy allowing obese individuals to engage in more active lifestyles. The degree of these beneficial effects may be dependent on the treatment modality with longer term administration often achieving greater improvements. Testosterone replacement may therefore potentially be an effective adjunctive treatment for weight management in obese men with concomitant hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kelly
- Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - T H Jones
- Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, UK
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Wakana N, Irie D, Kikai M, Terada K, Yamamoto K, Kawahito H, Kato T, Ogata T, Ueyama T, Matoba S, Yamada H. Maternal High-Fat Diet Exaggerates Atherosclerosis in Adult Offspring by Augmenting Periaortic Adipose Tissue-Specific Proinflammatory Response. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:558-69. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Maternal obesity elicits offspring’s metabolic disorders via developmental modifications of visceral adipose tissue; however, its effect on atherogenesis remains undefined. Perivascular adipose tissue has recently been implicated in vascular remodeling and vasoreactivity. We hypothesize that developmental modifications of perivascular adipose tissue by maternal high-fat diet (HFD) exposure promotes atherosclerosis in adult offspring.
Approach and Results—
Eight-week-old female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed an HFD or normal diet (ND) during gestation and lactation. Offspring were fed a high-cholesterol diet from 8 weeks of age. Twenty-week-old male offspring of HFD-fed dams (O-HFD) showed a 2.1-fold increase in atherosclerotic lesion of the entire aorta compared with those of ND-fed dams (O-ND). Although mRNA expressions of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and accumulation of macrophages in epididymal white adipose tissue were less in O-HFD than in O-ND, thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (tPAT) showed an exaggerated inflammatory response in O-HFD. Intra-abdominal transplantation of tPAT from 8-week-old O-HFD alongside the distal abdominal aorta exaggerated atherosclerosis development of the infrarenal aorta in recipient apolipoprotein E-deficient mice compared with tPAT from O-ND (210%,
P
<0.01). Although macrophage accumulation was rarely detected in tPAT of 8-week-old offspring, mRNA expression and protein levels of macrophage colony–stimulating factor were markedly elevated in O-HFD (2.3-fold, 3.3-fold, respectively,
P
<0.05), suggesting that increased macrophage colony–stimulating factor expression contributes to the augmented accumulation of macrophages, followed by the enhanced proinflammatory response.
Conclusions—
Our findings demonstrate that maternal HFD exaggerates atherosclerosis development in offspring by augmenting tPAT-specific inflammatory response proceeded by an increased expression of macrophage colony–stimulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Wakana
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Irie
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kikai
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Terada
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Yamamoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahito
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ueyama
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Obuchowicz A, Kniażewska M, Zmudzińska-Kitczak J, Urban K, Gonciarz-Majda A. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α and its soluble receptors in the serum of teenagers with atherosclerosis risk factors: obesity or obesity combined with hypertension. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:1209-12. [PMID: 25153572 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and hypertension are recognised risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. It has not been proven whether their co-existence increases the synthesis of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and what the levels of soluble receptors of this cytokine (sTNF-R) are. This study is aimed to investigate whether there exists a relationship between TNF-α and sTNF-R concentrations in blood serum with the occurrence of obesity or obesity combined with primary hypertension in teenagers. MATERIAL AND METHOD 68 persons, aged 9-17, including 32 persons with primary obesity (Group I) and 36 with primary obesity combined with primary hypertension (Group II). TNF-α (pg/mL) and sTNF-R (ng/mL) concentrations were determined in serum samples using the ELISA method with sets of reagents manufactured by Bender Med Systems GmbH. RESULTS No significant differences in TNF-α, sTNF-R, glucose or insulin concentrations were found between Group I and Group II. These concentrations were not correlated with the age and the nutritional status of the patients or with each other in either of the groups. CONCLUSION Both obese teenagers and teenagers exhibiting obesity combined with hypertension (as two atherosclerosis risk factors) are characterised by comparable concentrations of TNF-α and its soluble receptors.
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