1
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Szukiewicz D. Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1976. [PMID: 38396659 PMCID: PMC10889014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic hormone released from lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland that also originates from extrapituitary sources and plays an important role in regulating lactation in mammals, as well as other actions. Acting in an endocrine and paracrine/autocrine manner, PRL regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, thus influencing the maturation of ovarian follicles and ovulation. This review provides a detailed discussion of the current knowledge on the role of PRL in the context of ovulation and ovulatory disorders, particularly with regard to hyperprolactinemia, which is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Much attention has been given to the PRL structure and the PRL receptor (PRLR), as well as the diverse functions of PRLR signaling under normal and pathological conditions. The hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle in connection with folliculogenesis and ovulation, as well as the current classifications of ovulation disorders, are also described. Finally, the state of knowledge regarding the importance of TIDA (tuberoinfundibular dopamine), KNDγ (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin), and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) neurons in PRL- and kisspeptin (KP)-dependent regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in women is reviewed. Based on this review, a rationale for influencing PRL signaling pathways in therapeutic activities accompanying ovulation disorders is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Tegtmeyer M, Arora J, Asgari S, Cimini BA, Nadig A, Peirent E, Liyanage D, Way GP, Weisbart E, Nathan A, Amariuta T, Eggan K, Haghighi M, McCarroll SA, O'Connor L, Carpenter AE, Singh S, Nehme R, Raychaudhuri S. High-dimensional phenotyping to define the genetic basis of cellular morphology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:347. [PMID: 38184653 PMCID: PMC10771466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The morphology of cells is dynamic and mediated by genetic and environmental factors. Characterizing how genetic variation impacts cell morphology can provide an important link between disease association and cellular function. Here, we combine genomic sequencing and high-content imaging approaches on iPSCs from 297 unique donors to investigate the relationship between genetic variants and cellular morphology to map what we term cell morphological quantitative trait loci (cmQTLs). We identify novel associations between rare protein altering variants in WASF2, TSPAN15, and PRLR with several morphological traits related to cell shape, nucleic granularity, and mitochondrial distribution. Knockdown of these genes by CRISPRi confirms their role in cell morphology. Analysis of common variants yields one significant association and nominate over 300 variants with suggestive evidence (P < 10-6) of association with one or more morphology traits. We then use these data to make predictions about sample size requirements for increasing discovery in cellular genetic studies. We conclude that, similar to molecular phenotypes, morphological profiling can yield insight about the function of genes and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tegtmeyer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Jatin Arora
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samira Asgari
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beth A Cimini
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ajay Nadig
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Peirent
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dhara Liyanage
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory P Way
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin Weisbart
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marzieh Haghighi
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke O'Connor
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ralda Nehme
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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3
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Shao B, Zhou D, Wang J, Yang D, Gao J. A novel LncRNA SPIRE1/miR-181a-5p/PRLR axis in mandibular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulates the Th17/Treg immune balance through the JAK/STAT3 pathway in periodontitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7124-7145. [PMID: 37490712 PMCID: PMC10415575 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a microbial-related chronic inflammatory disease associated with imbalanced differentiation of Th17 cells and Treg cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) possess wide immunoregulatory properties. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the immunomodulation in the pathological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases. However, critical lncRNAs/miRNAs involved in immunomodulation of mandibular BM-MSCs largely remain to be identified. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms behind the defective immunomodulatory ability of mandibular BM-MSCs under the periodontitis settings. We found that mandibular BM-MSCs from P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis mice had significantly reduced expression of LncRNA SPIRE1 than that from normal control mice. LncRNA SPIRE1 knockdown in normal BM-MSCs caused Th17/Treg cell differentiation imbalance during the coculturing of BM-MSCs and CD4 T cells. In addition, LncRNA SPIRE1 was identified as a competitive endogenous RNA that sponges miR-181a-5p in BM-MSCs. Moreover, miR-181a-5p inhibition attenuated the impact of LncRNA SPIRE1 knockdown on the ability of BM-MSCs in modulating Th17/Treg balance. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) was validated as a downstream target of miR-181a-5p. Notably, targeted knockdown of LncRNA SPIRE1 or PRLR or transfection of miR-181a-5p mimics activated the JAK/STAT3 signaling in normal BM-MSCs, while treatment with STAT3 inhibitor C188-9 restored the immunomodulatory properties of periodontitis-associated BM-MSCs. Furthermore, BM-MSCs with miR-181a-5p inhibition or PRLR-overexpression showed enhanced in vivo immunosuppressive properties in the periodontitis mouse model. Our results indicate that the JAK/STAT3 pathway is involved in the immunoregulation of BM-MSCs, and provide critical insights into the development of novel targeted therapies against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Shao
- Northern Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Duo Zhou
- Northern Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Northern Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Northern Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Northern Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
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4
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Biagetti B, Puig-Domingo M. Age-Related Hormones Changes and Its Impact on Health Status and Lifespan. Aging Dis 2023; 14:605-620. [PMID: 37191429 PMCID: PMC10187696 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy is accompanied with an increased consultation of age-related pathologies including endocrine disorders. Two main areas are focusing the attention of medical and social research in older population: the diagnosis and care of this heterogeneous population, and the interventional measures potentially useful to mitigate age-related functional declines and to increase health and quality of lifespan. Thus, better understanding the physiopathology of aging and establishing accurate diagnostic and personalized approaches are a priority and currently an unmet need of the medical community. The endocrine system plays a major role in survival and lifespan through regulating vital processes such as energy consumption and optimizing the stress response among others. The aim of this paper is to review the physiological evolution of the main hormonal functions in aging and its clinical translation to improve our approach to the aging patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Biagetti
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, Germans Trias Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
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5
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Wan L, Huang RJ, Luo ZH, Gong JE, Pan A, Manavis J, Yan XX, Xiao B. Reproduction-Associated Hormones and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:3651735. [PMID: 34539776 PMCID: PMC8448607 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3651735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of reproduction-associated hormones in females, such as estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and oxytocin, change dramatically during pregnancy and postpartum. Reproduction-associated hormones can affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), thereby regulating mothers' behavior after delivery. In this review, we first briefly introduce the overall functional significance of AHN and the methods commonly used to explore this front. Then, we attempt to reconcile the changes of reproduction-associated hormones during pregnancy. We further update the findings on how reproduction-related hormones influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis. This review is aimed at emphasizing a potential role of AHN in reproduction-related brain plasticity and its neurobiological relevance to motherhood behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Rou-Jie Huang
- Medical Doctor Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jiao-e Gong
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Aihua Pan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jim Manavis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia 5000
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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6
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Jankowski M, Kaczmarek M, Wąsiatycz G, Dompe C, Mozdziak P, Jaśkowski JM, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Kempisty B. Expression Profile of New Marker Genes Involved in Differentiation of Canine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6663. [PMID: 34206369 PMCID: PMC8269079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (RNAseq) analysis of gene expression changes during the long-term in vitro culture and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs remains to be important, as the analysis provides important clues toward employing stem cells as a therapeutic intervention. In this study, the cells were isolated from adipose tissue obtained during routine surgical procedures and subjected to 14-day in vitro culture and differentiation. The mRNA transcript levels were evaluated using the Illumina platform, resulting in the detection of 19,856 gene transcripts. The most differentially expressed genes (fold change >|2|, adjusted p value < 0.05), between day 1, day 14 and differentiated cell cultures were extracted and subjected to bioinformatical analysis based on the R programming language. The results of this study provide molecular insight into the processes that occur during long-term in vitro culture and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, allowing the re-evaluation of the roles of some genes in MSC progression towards a range of lineages. The results improve the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated with long-term in vitro culture and differentiation of ASCs, as well as providing a point of reference for potential in vivo and clinical studies regarding these cells' application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wąsiatycz
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Claudia Dompe
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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7
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Long KLP, Breton JM, Barraza MK, Perloff OS, Kaufer D. Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis I: Effects across the Lifespan. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020283. [PMID: 33672939 PMCID: PMC7918364 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain’s capacity to respond to changing environments via hormonal signaling is critical to fine-tuned function. An emerging body of literature highlights a role for myelin plasticity as a prominent type of experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain. Myelin plasticity is driven by oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their precursor cells (OPCs). OPC differentiation regulates the trajectory of myelin production throughout development, and importantly, OPCs maintain the ability to proliferate and generate new OLs throughout adulthood. The process of oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, can be dramatically influenced during early development and in adulthood by internal and environmental conditions such as hormones. Here, we review the current literature describing hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within physiological conditions, focusing on several classes of hormones: steroid, peptide, and thyroid hormones. We discuss hormonal regulation at each stage of oligodendrogenesis and describe mechanisms of action, where known. Overall, the majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing OPC differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. The mechanisms underlying these processes vary for each hormone but may ultimately converge upon common signaling pathways, mediated by specific receptors expressed across the OL lineage. However, not all of the mechanisms have been fully elucidated, and here, we note the remaining gaps in the literature, including the complex interactions between hormonal systems and with the immune system. In the companion manuscript in this issue, we discuss the implications of hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis for neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by white matter loss. Ultimately, a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis across the entire lifespan, especially in vivo, will progress both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. P. Long
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.M.B.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jocelyn M. Breton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.M.B.); (D.K.)
| | - Matthew K. Barraza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Olga S. Perloff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.M.B.); (D.K.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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8
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Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hochfeld LM, Henne SK, Nöthen MM. Hormonal regulation in male androgenetic alopecia-Sex hormones and beyond: Evidence from recent genetic studies. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:814-827. [PMID: 32946134 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Male-pattern hair loss, also termed androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is a highly prevalent age-related condition that is characterized by a distinct pattern of hair loss from the frontotemporal and vertex regions of the scalp. The phenotype is highly heritable and hormone dependent, with androgens being the recognized critical hormonal factor. Numerous molecular genetic studies have focused on genetic variation in and around the gene that encodes the androgen receptor. More recently, however, the availability of high-throughput molecular genetic methods, novel methods of data analysis and sufficiently large sample sizes have rendered possible the systematic investigation of the contribution of other components of the androgen receptor pathway or hormonal pathways beyond the androgen receptor signalling pathways. Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies of increasingly large cohorts have enabled the genome-wide identification of genetic risk factors for AGA, and yielded unprecedented insights into the underlying pathobiology. The present review discusses some of the most intriguing genetic findings on the relevance of (sex)hormonal signalling in AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lara M Hochfeld
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabrina K Henne
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070520. [PMID: 32605209 PMCID: PMC7399903 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the levels of reproductive hormones compromise the bovine innate immune response (IIR). Changes in 17β-estradiol (E2) and prolactin (bPRL) levels affect the IIR of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs), the target tissue of these hormones. In this work, we explored the effect of the combined hormones on bMEC IIR during Staphylococcus aureus infection, and if they can modulate epigenetic marks. By gentamicin protection assays, we determined that combined hormones (bPRL (5 ng/mL) and E2 (50 pg/mL)] decrease S. aureus internalization into bMECs (~50%), which was associated with a reduction in integrin α5β1 membrane abundance (MA) (~80%) determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, combined hormones increased Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) MA (~25%). By RT-qPCR, we showed that combined hormones induce the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, as well as up-regulate antimicrobial peptide gene expression. The combined hormones induced H3K9Ac at 12 h of treatment, which coincides with the reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC, ~15%) activity. In addition, hormones increased the H3K9me2 mark at 12 h, which correlates with a reduction in the expression of KDM4A. In conclusion, bPRL and E2 modulate the IIR of bMECs, an effect that can be related to the regulation of histone H3 modifications such as H3K9Ac and H3K9me2.
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10
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Aikawa S, Yuan J, Dewar A, Sun X, Dey SK. Scribble promotes alveologenesis in the pregnant mammary gland for milk production. Reproduction 2020; 159:719-731. [PMID: 32213656 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammary glands are comprised of ducts and terminal lobules that form tree-like structures. Luminal epithelial cells in these lobules undergo differentiation into alveolar cells in pregnancy to support milk production. This study reveals that Scribble (SCRIB), a scaffold protein expressed in progesterone receptor (PGR)-positive cells, plays a critical role in mammary gland alveologenesis in mice. We conditionally deleted Scrib using a Pgr-Cre driver. PGR is heterogeneously expressed throughout the luminal epithelium. Scrib loss in mammary glands by Pgr-Cre (Scribf/fPgrCre/+) shows inefficient alveologenesis and terminal end bud (TEB)-like morphology during pregnancy, resulting in poor milk production and subsequent death of pups after delivery. The differentiation of PGR-positive epithelial cells into Elf5-expressing alveolar cells is defective in Scribf/fPgrCre/+ mice. These changes are reflected in reduced activation of JAK2 and PAK1, resulting in downregulation of pSTAT5, a critical transcriptional factor for alveologenesis. These results provide evidence that SCRIB impacts PGR-positive cell lineage during alveologenesis, which impacts milk production and the health of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizu Aikawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jia Yuan
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda Dewar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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11
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Basu R, Kopchick JJ. The effects of growth hormone on therapy resistance in cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:827-846. [PMID: 32382711 PMCID: PMC7204541 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary derived and peripherally produced growth hormone (GH) is a crucial mediator of longitudinal growth, organ development, metabolic regulation with tissue specific, sex specific, and age-dependent effects. GH and its cognate receptor (GHR) are expressed in several forms of cancer and have been validated as an anti-cancer target through a large body of in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological analyses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of GH action in cancer prognosis and therapeutic response had been sparse until recently. This review assimilates the critical details of GH-GHR mediated therapy resistance across different cancer types, distilling the therapeutic implications based on our current understanding of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU-HCOM), Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU-HCOM), Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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12
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López-Ozuna VM, Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Lebrun JJ, Ali S. Prolactin modulates TNBC aggressive phenotype limiting tumorigenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:321-337. [PMID: 30640712 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for ~20% of all breast cancer cases. The management of TNBC represents a challenge due to its aggressive phenotype, heterogeneity and lack of targeted therapy. Loss of cell differentiation and enrichment with breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC) are features of TNBC contributing to its aggressive nature. Here, we found that treatment of TNBC cells with PRL significantly depletes the highly tumorigenic BCSC subpopulations CD44+/CD24- and ALDH+ and differentiates them to the least tumorigenic CD44-/CD24- and ALDH- phenotype with limited tumorsphere formation and self-renewal capacities. Importantly, we found PRL to induce a heterochromatin phenotype marked by histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and accompanied by ultra-structural cellular architecture associated with differentiation and senescence rendering the cells refractory to growth signals. Crucially, we found PRL to mediate these effects in vivo in a pre-clinical animal xenograft of TNBC controlling tumor growth. These results reveal that the lactogenic hormone PRL may exert its anti-tumorigenic effects on TNBC through cellular reprogramming indicative of differentiation resulting in the depletion of BCSCs and restricting tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Newell C, Sabouny R, Hittel DS, Shutt TE, Khan A, Klein MS, Shearer J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Shift Mitochondrial Dynamics and Enhance Oxidative Phosphorylation in Recipient Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1572. [PMID: 30555336 PMCID: PMC6282049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most commonly used cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs can promote host tissue repair through several different mechanisms including donor cell engraftment, release of cell signaling factors, and the transfer of healthy organelles to the host. In the present study, we examine the specific impacts of MSCs on mitochondrial morphology and function in host tissues. Employing in vitro cell culture of inherited mitochondrial disease and an in vivo animal experimental model of low-grade inflammation (high fat feeding), we show human-derived MSCs to alter mitochondrial function. MSC co-culture with skin fibroblasts from mitochondrial disease patients rescued aberrant mitochondrial morphology from a fission state to a more fused appearance indicating an effect of MSC co-culture on host cell mitochondrial network formation. In vivo experiments confirmed mitochondrial abundance and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates were elevated in host tissues following MSC treatment. Furthermore, microarray profiling identified 226 genes with differential expression in the liver of animals treated with MSC, with cellular signaling, and actin cytoskeleton regulation as key upregulated processes. Collectively, our data indicate that MSC therapy rescues impaired mitochondrial morphology, enhances host metabolic capacity, and induces widespread host gene shifting. These results highlight the potential of MSCs to modulate mitochondria in both inherited and pathological disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Newell
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rasha Sabouny
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dustin S Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias S Klein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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14
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Camargo ACL, Constantino FB, Santos SAA, Colombelli KT, Dal-Pai-Silva M, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA. Influence of postnatal prolactin modulation on the development and maturation of ventral prostate in young rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 30:969-979. [PMID: 29207253 DOI: 10.1071/rd17343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides androgenic dependence, other hormones also influence the prostate biology. Prolactin has been described as an important hormone associated with maintenance of prostatic morphophysiology; however, there is a lack of information on the involvement of prolactin during prostate development and growth. This study aimed to evaluate whether perinatal prolactin modulation interferes with rat ventral prostate (VP) development and maturation. Therefore, prolactin or bromocriptine (an inhibitor of prolactin release from the pituitary) were administered to Sprague Dawley rats from postnatal Day (PND) 12 to PND 21 or 35. Animals were then killed and serum hormonal quantification, VP morphological-stereological and immunohistochemical analyses and western blotting reactions were employed. Our results demonstrate that prolactin blockage increased serum testosterone on PND 21, which reflected an increase in anogenital distance. Although prolactin modulation did not interfere with VP weight, it modified VP morphology by dilating the acinar lumen and reducing epithelial cell height. Prolactin activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) downstream pathway, increased androgen receptor expression and epithelial proliferation. In addition, prolactin and bromocriptine also increased expression of cytokeratin 18, a marker of luminal-differentiated cells. In conclusion, the VP responds to prolactin modulation through a mechanism of increasing the epithelial proliferative response and dynamics of cell differentiation, especially in animals treated for a more prolonged period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C L Camargo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Flávia B Constantino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Ketlin T Colombelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | | | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
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15
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Goffin V. Prolactin receptor targeting in breast and prostate cancers: New insights into an old challenge. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:111-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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The prostate response to prolactin modulation in adult castrated rats subjected to testosterone replacement. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:403-415. [PMID: 28988314 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the androgenic dependence, other hormones, growth factors, and cytokines are necessary to support prostatic growth and maintain the glandular structure; among them, prolactin is a non-steroidal hormone secreted mainly by the pituitary gland. However, extra-pituitary expression of prolactin, such as in the prostate, has also been demonstrated, highlighting the paracrine and autocrine actions of prolactin within the prostate. Here, we investigated whether prolactin modulation alters ventral prostate (VP) morphophysiology in adult castrated rats. Sprague Dawley rats were castrated and after 21 days, divided into ten experimental groups (n = 6/group): castrated control: castrated animals that did not receive treatment; castrated+testosterone: castrated animals that received T (4 mg/kg/day); castrated+PRL (PRL): castrated animals receiving prolactin (0.3 mg/kg/day); castrated+T+PRL: castrated animals that received a combination of testosterone and prolactin; and castrated+bromocriptine (BR): castrated animals that received bromocriptine (0.4 mg/kg/day). The control group included intact animals. The animals were treated for 3 or 10 consecutive days. At the end of experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the blood and VP lobes were collected and analyzed by different methods. The main findings were that the administration of prolactin to castrated rats did not exert anabolic effects on the VP. Although we observed activation of downstream prolactin signaling after prolactin administration, this was not enough to overcome the prostatic androgen deficiency. Likewise, there was no additional glandular involution in the castrated group treated with bromocriptine. We concluded that despite stimulating the downstream signaling pathway, exogenous prolactin does not act on VP in the absence or presence of high levels of testosterone.
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17
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Alvarez CV, Oroz-Gonjar F, Garcia-Lavandeira M. Future perspectives in adult stem cell turnover: Implications for endocrine physiology and disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:1-6. [PMID: 27956115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara V Alvarez
- Centre for Investigations in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS) and Institute of Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Group of Endocrine Neoplasia and Differentiation, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Fernando Oroz-Gonjar
- Centre for Investigations in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS) and Institute of Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Group of Endocrine Neoplasia and Differentiation, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Lavandeira
- Centre for Investigations in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS) and Institute of Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Group of Endocrine Neoplasia and Differentiation, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Vistoropsky Y, Heiblum R, Smorodinsky NI, Barnea A. Active immunization against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide decreases neuronal recruitment and inhibits reproduction in zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2516-28. [PMID: 26801210 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis and neuronal recruitment occur in adult brains of many vertebrates, and the hypothesis is that these phenomena contribute to the brain plasticity that enables organisms to adjust to environmental changes. In mammals, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is known to have many neuroprotective properties, but in the avian brain, although widely distributed, its role in neuronal recruitment is not yet understood. In the present study we actively immunized adult zebra finches against VIP conjugated to KLH and compared neuronal recruitment in their brains, with brains of control birds, which were immunized against KLH. We looked at two forebrain regions: the nidopallium caudale (NC), which plays a role in vocal communication, and the hippocampus (HC), which is involved in the processing of spatial information. Our data demonstrate that active immunization against VIP reduces neuronal recruitment, inhibits reproduction, and induces molting, with no change in plasma prolactin levels. Thus, our observations suggest that VIP has a direct positive role in neuronal recruitment and reproduction in birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2516-2528, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Vistoropsky
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
| | - Rachel Heiblum
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
| | - Nechama-Ina Smorodinsky
- Department of Cell Research & Immunology, The George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 61391, Israel
| | - Anat Barnea
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, 43107, Israel
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19
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Sackmann-Sala L, Angelergues A, Boutillon F, d'Acremont B, Maidenberg M, Oudard S, Goffin V. Human and murine prostate basal/stem cells are not direct targets of prolactin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 220:133-42. [PMID: 25888939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Local overexpression of prolactin (PRL) in the prostate of Pb-PRL transgenic mice induces benign prostate tumors exhibiting marked amplification of the epithelial basal/stem cell compartment. However, PRL-activated intracellular signaling seems to be restricted to luminal cells, suggesting that basal/stem cells may not be direct targets of PRL. Given their described role as prostate cancer-initiating cells, it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate basal/stem cells. In this study, we evaluated whether PRL can act directly on these cells, by growing them as prostaspheres. For this, primary 3D prostasphere cultures were prepared from unfractionated cells isolated from freshly harvested human and mouse benign prostate tissues and subjected to PRL stimulation in vitro. None of the various concentrations of PRL tested showed any effects on the sizes or numbers of the prostaspheres generated. In addition, neither activation of canonical PRL-induced signaling pathways (Stat5, Stat3 or Erk1/2) nor increased expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 were detected by immunostaining in PRL-stimulated prostaspheres. Consistent with the absence of response, PRL receptor mRNA levels were generally undetectable in mouse sphere cells. We conclude that human and mouse prostate basal/stem cells are not direct targets of PRL action. The observed amplification of basal/stem cells in Pb-PRL prostates might be due to paracrine mechanisms originating from PRL action on other cell compartments. Our current efforts are aimed at unraveling these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Sackmann-Sala
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Equipe "Physiopathologie des hormones PRL/GH", Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva - CS 61431, Bâtiment Leriche, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France.
| | - Antoine Angelergues
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Equipe "Physiopathologie des hormones PRL/GH", Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva - CS 61431, Bâtiment Leriche, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France; Service de Cancérologie Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Florence Boutillon
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Equipe "Physiopathologie des hormones PRL/GH", Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva - CS 61431, Bâtiment Leriche, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Bruno d'Acremont
- Service d'Urologie, Fondation Saint Jean de Dieu - Clinique Oudinot, 19 rue Oudinot, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Marc Maidenberg
- Service d'Urologie, Fondation Saint Jean de Dieu - Clinique Oudinot, 19 rue Oudinot, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Service de Cancérologie Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Equipe "Physiopathologie des hormones PRL/GH", Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva - CS 61431, Bâtiment Leriche, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France.
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