1
|
Yaow CYL, Hong ASY, Chong NZY, Chong RIH, Mai AS, Tan EK. Risk of Parkinson's disease in hepatitis B and C populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:609-616. [PMID: 37899363 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and its association with viral hepatitis has been debated. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between PD risk and viral hepatitis. Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception till July 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed-effect model with the inverse variance method. Three groups were compared to controls: infection with either hepatitis B or C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively), or coinfection with both viruses. We found 551 records, and six studies comprising of 2,566,947 patients were included in the analysis. PD risk was increased in HCV-infected population (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17, p = 0.005) and (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.26-1.49, p < 0.001). This increase was not observed for the HBV-infected and HBV-HCV-coinfected coinfection populations. For pooled OR, the risk was significantly lower in HBV-infected (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.83, p < 0.001) but not significantly different in HBV-HCV-coinfected populations (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82-1.12, p = 0.57). For pooled HR, the risk was significantly higher in both HBV-infected (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.31, p < 0.001) and HBV-HCV-coinfected populations (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.58, p = 0.013). We found that the risk of PD was increased in the HCV-infected population, but results were inconsistent in those with HBV and HBV-HCV infections. Our findings provide impetus for further clinical and functional studies to unravel the role of the adaptive immune system in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ryan Ian Houe Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hernandez-Con P, Desai R, Nelson D, Park H. Elucidating the association between direct-acting antivirals and Parkinson's disease in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 123:106557. [PMID: 38518542 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some epidemiological studies have found an increased association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although a few studies have also found a decreased risk of PD with interferon-α therapy, the effect of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on Parkinson's disease remains unclear. The current study seeks to assess and elucidate the association between DAAs and PD in patients newly diagnosed with chronic HCV infection. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≥18 years diagnosed with HCV using MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental database (2012-2019). Follow-up started with the initiation of DAA (or randomly assigned date for the non-DAA group) and ended at occurrence of PD, disenrollment, or end of the study period. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We identified 48,356 patients diagnosed with HCV. The mean follow-up time of the cohort was 1.31 years. The incidence rate of PD was 53 per 100,000 person-years for the DAA group and 48 per 100,000 person-years for the non-DAA group. The adjusted HR was 1.24 (95% CI = 0.56-2.73). Results were consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION This study did not find an association between DAAs and PD among patients with HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hernandez-Con
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raj Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Nelson
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haesuk Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Fàbregues O, Sellés M, Ramos-Vicente D, Roch G, Vila M, Bové J. Relevance of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells in the onset of Parkinson's disease and examination of its possible etiologies: infectious or autoimmune? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106308. [PMID: 37741513 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells are responsible for local immune surveillance in different tissues, including the brain. They constitute the first line of defense against pathogens and cancer cells and play a role in autoimmunity. A recently published study demonstrated that CD8 T cells with markers of residency containing distinct granzymes and interferon-γ infiltrate the parenchyma of the substantia nigra and contact dopaminergic neurons in an early premotor stage of Parkinson's disease. This infiltration precedes α-synuclein aggregation and neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, suggesting a relevant role for CD8 T cells in the onset of the disease. To date, the nature of the antigen that initiates the adaptive immune response remains unknown. This review will discuss the role of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells in brain immune homeostasis and in the onset of Parkinson's disease and other neurological diseases. We also discuss how aging and genetic factors can affect the CD8 T cell immune response and how animal models can be misleading when studying human-related immune response. Finally, we speculate about a possible infectious or autoimmune origin of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol de Fàbregues
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital
| | - Maria Sellés
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Ramos-Vicente
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Roch
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Bové
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tandra G, Yoone A, Mathew R, Wang M, Hales CM, Mitchell CS. Literature-Based Discovery Predicts Antihistamines Are a Promising Repurposed Adjuvant Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12339. [PMID: 37569714 PMCID: PMC10418861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by a dopamine deficit in the brain. Current therapies primarily focus on dopamine modulators or replacements, such as levodopa. Although dopamine replacement can help alleviate PD symptoms, therapies targeting the underlying neurodegenerative process are limited. The study objective was to use artificial intelligence to rank the most promising repurposed drug candidates for PD. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques were used to extract text relationships from 33+ million biomedical journal articles from PubMed and map relationships between genes, proteins, drugs, diseases, etc., into a knowledge graph. Cross-domain text mining, hub network analysis, and unsupervised learning rank aggregation were performed in SemNet 2.0 to predict the most relevant drug candidates to levodopa and PD using relevance-based HeteSim scores. The top predicted adjuvant PD therapies included ebastine, an antihistamine for perennial allergic rhinitis; levocetirizine, another antihistamine; vancomycin, a powerful antibiotic; captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor; and neramexane, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist. Cross-domain text mining predicted that antihistamines exhibit the capacity to synergistically alleviate Parkinsonian symptoms when used with dopamine modulators like levodopa or levodopa-carbidopa. The relationship patterns among the identified adjuvant candidates suggest that the likely therapeutic mechanism(s) of action of antihistamines for combatting the multi-factorial PD pathology include counteracting oxidative stress, amending the balance of neurotransmitters, and decreasing the proliferation of inflammatory mediators. Finally, cross-domain text mining interestingly predicted a strong relationship between PD and liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tandra
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neural Engineering Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Amy Yoone
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Rhea Mathew
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Minzhi Wang
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neural Engineering Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Chadwick M. Hales
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Cassie S. Mitchell
- Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neural Engineering Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Machine Learning Center at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Redenšek Trampuž S, Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Shared miRNA landscapes of COVID-19 and neurodegeneration confirm neuroinflammation as an important overlapping feature. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1123955. [PMID: 37008787 PMCID: PMC10064073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDevelopment and worsening of most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with COVID-19 However, the mechanisms associated with neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients and neurodegenerative sequelae are not clear. The interplay between gene expression and metabolite production in CNS is driven by miRNAs. These small non-coding molecules are dysregulated in most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19.MethodsWe have performed a thorough literature screening and database mining to search for shared miRNA landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurodegeneration. Differentially expressed miRNAs in COVID-19 patients were searched using PubMed, while differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with five most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) were searched using the Human microRNA Disease Database. Target genes of the overlapping miRNAs, identified with the miRTarBase, were used for the pathway enrichment analysis performed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome.ResultsIn total, 98 common miRNAs were found. Additionally, two of them (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-132) were highlighted as promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration, as they are dysregulated in all five most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Additionally, hsa-miR-155 was upregulated in four COVID-19 studies and found to be dysregulated in neurodegeneration processes as well. Screening for miRNA targets identified 746 unique genes with strong evidence for interaction. Target enrichment analysis highlighted most significant KEGG and Reactome pathways being involved in signaling, cancer, transcription and infection. However, the more specific identified pathways confirmed neuroinflammation as being the most important shared feature.DiscussionOur pathway based approach has identified overlapping miRNAs in COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases that may have a valuable potential for neurodegeneration prediction in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, identified miRNAs can be further explored as potential drug targets or agents to modify signaling in shared pathways.Graphical AbstractShared miRNA molecules among the five investigated neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 were identified. The two overlapping miRNAs, hsa-miR-34a and has-miR-132, present potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative sequelae after COVID-19. Furthermore, 98 common miRNAs between all five neurodegenerative diseases together and COVID-19 were identified. A KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses was performed on the list of shared miRNA target genes and finally top 20 pathways were evaluated for their potential for identification of new drug targets. A common feature of identified overlapping miRNAs and pathways is neuroinflammation. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HD, Huntington’s disease; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Leta V, Urso D, Batzu L, Lau YH, Mathew D, Boura I, Raeder V, Falup-Pecurariu C, van Wamelen D, Ray Chaudhuri K. Viruses, parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease: the past, present and future. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1119-1132. [PMID: 36036863 PMCID: PMC9422946 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonism secondary to viral infections is not an uncommon occurrence and has been brought under the spotlight with the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A variety of viruses have been described with a potential of inducing or contributing to the occurrence of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease (PD), although the relationship between the two remains a matter of debate originating with the description of encephalitis lethargica in the aftermath of the Spanish flu in 1918. While some viral infections have been linked to an increased risk for the development of PD, others seem to have a causal link with the occurrence of parkinsonism. Here, we review the currently available evidence on viral-induced parkinsonism with a focus on potential pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features. We also review the evidence on viral infections as a risk factor for developing PD and the link between SARS-CoV-2 and parkinsonism, which might have important implications for future research and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Leta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Daniele Urso
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Yue Hui Lau
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Donna Mathew
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Iro Boura
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vanessa Raeder
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Daniel van Wamelen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, UK.
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ivan I, Irincu L, Diaconu Ş, Falup-Pecurariu C. Parkinsonism associated with viral infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 165:1-16. [PMID: 36208896 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are several known causes of secondary parkinsonism, the most common being head trauma, stroke, medications, or infections. A growing body of evidence suggests that viral agents may trigger parkinsonian symptoms, but the exact pathological mechanisms are still unknown. In some cases, lesions or inflammatory processes in the basal ganglia or substantia nigra have been found to cause reversible or permanent impairment of the dopaminergic pathway, leading to the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms. This chapter reviews current data regarding the viral agents commonly associated with parkinsonism, such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes viruses, influenza virus, coxsackie virus, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present possible risk factors, proposed pathophysiology mechanisms, published case reports, common associations, and prognosis in order to offer a concise overview of the viral spectrum involved in parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ştefania Diaconu
- County Clinic Hospital, Brașov, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brașov, Romania.
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- County Clinic Hospital, Brașov, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brașov, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akhter Z, Todowede O, Brown JVE, Jarde A, Mazhar L, narasimha VL, Muhammad S, Fazid S, Rehman K, Deshmukh C, Ayinla A, Wuraola F, Ashraf MN, Siddiqi N. Pharmacological interventions for depression in adults with chronic hepatitis B or C. Hippokratia 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Akhter
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences; University of York; York UK
| | - Olamide Todowede
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | | | - Alexander Jarde
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS); Cochrane; Paris France
- Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique; AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu; Paris France
- Cochrane France; Paris France
| | - Laraib Mazhar
- Department of Medicine , The Aga Khan University; Karachi Pakistan
| | | | - Sagir Muhammad
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Specialist Hospital; Gombe Nigeria
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Gombe State University; Gombe Nigeria
| | - Sheraz Fazid
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rehman
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University; Peshawar Pakistan
| | | | - Akeemat Ayinla
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases; Ede Nigeria
| | | | - Mir Nabila Ashraf
- Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases, Health System and Population Studies Division; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences; University of York, Hull York Medical School; York UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suhail M, Sohrab SS, Kamal M, Azhar EI. Role of hepatitis c virus in hepatocellular carcinoma and neurological disorders: an overview. Front Oncol 2022; 12:913231. [PMID: 35965577 PMCID: PMC9372299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes serious issues, affecting 71 million people globally. The most common manifestations range from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis, leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Many mechanisms are known to play an important role in HCV-induced HCC. The interaction of viral proteins with host cells results in oxidative stress damage, liver inflammation, and irregularities in signaling pathways. These results in the activation of oncogenes and metabolic disturbances, liver fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and toll-like receptors have been identified and play a significant role in HCC development. This virus is also associated with impairment of the central nervous system, resulting in acute or sub-acute encephalopathy and inflammatory disorders. Neurological disorders are associated with the inflammatory responses of many cells, including microglia and astrocytes. Additionally, there are many other extrahepatic manifestations, including neurological disorders such as depression and fatigue, in 50% of infected patients. These manifestations include neuro-invasion, immune-mediated damage, neurotransmitter alterations, sensory-motor polyneuropathy, sensitivity loss, weakness of the leg, and cryoglobulinemia, which significantly results in a reduced quality of life. HCV infection may be improved using an appropriate diagnosis and direct antiviral therapy for sustained virological response. However, the success of therapy depends on the symptoms and organ damage, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies applied. Some published reports have discussed that HCV is associated with both HCC and neurological disorders. Additionally, it has also been observed that individuals with HCC also develop neurological disorders compared with individuals with HCV alone. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest information about the relationship between HCV-induced HCC and their role in neurological disorders. Additionally, we have also discussed the progress made in the diagnosis, physio-pathological mechanisms, and strong antiviral therapies developed for HCV infection and HCC, as well as the latest advancements made in the study of the neurological disorders associated with HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sayed Sartaj Sohrab,
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Enzymoics Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan CH, Chang MC, Tsai WF, Chuang WL, Huang JF, Lin ZY, Dai CY, Yeh ML, Li CT, Yu RL. Different profiles of neurocognitive impairment in patients with hepatitis B and C virus infections. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10625. [PMID: 35739162 PMCID: PMC9226189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct impact of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C on neurocognition remains elusive due to the frequent comorbidities, and the domains of the neurocognitive functions affected have rarely been investigated comprehensively. We cross-sectionally assessed the neurocognitive functions of the individuals with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, treated chronic hepatitis C with a sustained virologic response, and their healthy control counterparts. Laboratory examinations were used to investigate the impact of inflammation on neurocognition, exclude the medical conditions that could interfere with neurocognition assessment, and assess liver function and fibrotic severity of the liver of the participants. This study found the detrimental impact of chronic hepatitis B on language and executive functions. In contrast, individuals with chronic hepatitis C showed deficits in executive functions, psychomotor speed, memory, and attention. Successful elimination of hepatitis C resulted in improved liver function, but not neuropsychological test performance. Moreover, erythrocyte sedimentation rate level was found to mediate the deficits in the attention of individuals with chronic hepatitis C. These results demonstrate the neurocognitive deficits and the difference in the profiles of neurocognitive deficits in individuals with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Our study also provided results suggesting the mediation by systemic inflammation on the attention deficit in individuals with chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chia Chang
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Tsai
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Li
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Ling Yu
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reducing neuroinflammation via therapeutic compounds and lifestyle to prevent or delay progression of Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101618. [PMID: 35395416 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder and is characterised by progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Peripheral immune cell infiltration and activation of microglia and astrocytes are observed in PD, a process called neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a fundamental response to protect the brain but, when chronic, it triggers neuronal damage. In the last decade, central and peripheral inflammation were suggested to occur at the prodromal stage of PD, sustained throughout disease progression, and may play a significant role in the pathology. Understanding the pathological mechanisms of PD has been a high priority in research, primarily to find effective treatments once symptoms are present. Evidence indicates that early life exposure to neuroinflammation as a consequence of life events, environmental or behaviour factors such as exposure to infections, pollution or a high fat diet increase the risk of developing PD. Many studies show healthy habits and products that decrease neuroinflammation also reduce the risk of PD. Here, we aim to stimulate discussion about the role of neuroinflammation in PD onset and progression. We highlight that reducing neuroinflammation throughout the lifespan is critical for preventing idiopathic PD, and present epidemiological studies that detail risk and protective factors. It is possible that introducing lifestyle changes that reduce neuroinflammation at the time of PD diagnosis may slow symptom progression. Finally, we discuss compounds and therapeutics to treat the neuroinflammation associated with PD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Taguchi YH, Turki T. Novel feature selection method via kernel tensor decomposition for improved multi-omics data analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:37. [PMID: 35209912 PMCID: PMC8876179 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feature selection of multi-omics data analysis remains challenging owing to the size of omics datasets, comprising approximately \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$10^2$$\end{document}102–\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$10^5$$\end{document}105 features. In particular, appropriate methods to weight individual omics datasets are unclear, and the approach adopted has substantial consequences for feature selection. In this study, we extended a recently proposed kernel tensor decomposition (KTD)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) method to integrate multi-omics datasets obtained from common samples in a weight-free manner. Method KTD-based unsupervised FE was reformatted as the collection of kernelized tensors sharing common samples, which was applied to synthetic and real datasets. Results The proposed advanced KTD-based unsupervised FE method showed comparative performance to that of the previously proposed KTD method, as well as tensor decomposition-based unsupervised FE, but required reduced memory and central processing unit time. Moreover, this advanced KTD method, specifically designed for multi-omics analysis, attributes P values to features, which is rare for existing multi-omics–oriented methods. Conclusions The sample R code is available at https://github.com/tagtag/MultiR/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Turki Turki
- Department of Computer Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Microbes and Parkinson’s disease: from associations to mechanisms. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:749-760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Linard M, Ravier A, Mougué L, Grgurina I, Boutillier AL, Foubert-Samier A, Blanc F, Helmer C. Infectious Agents as Potential Drivers of α-Synucleinopathies. Mov Disord 2022; 37:464-477. [PMID: 35040520 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synucleinopathies, encompassing Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, are devastating neurodegenerative diseases for which available therapeutic options are scarce, mostly because of our limited understanding of their pathophysiology. Although these pathologies are attributed to an intracellular accumulation of the α-synuclein protein in the nervous system with subsequent neuronal loss, the trigger(s) of this accumulation is/are not clearly identified. Among the existing hypotheses, interest in the hypothesis advocating the involvement of infectious agents in the onset of these diseases is renewed. In this article, we aimed to review the ongoing relevant factors favoring and opposing this hypothesis, focusing on (1) the potential antimicrobial role of α-synuclein, (2) potential entry points of pathogens in regard to early symptoms of diverse α-synucleinopathies, (3) pre-existing literature reviews assessing potential associations between infectious agents and Parkinson's disease, (4) original studies assessing these associations for dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (identified through a systematic literature review), and finally (5) potential susceptibility factors modulating the effects of infectious agents on the nervous system. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Linard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alix Ravier
- CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Louisa Mougué
- Cognitive-Behavioral Unit and Memory Consultations, Hospital of Sens, Sens, France
| | - Iris Grgurina
- University of Strasbourg, UMR7364 CNRS, LNCA, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, Bordeaux, France.,French Reference Centre for MSA, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Geriatrics Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,ICube Laboratory and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Team IMIS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen S, Zhang C, Xu YM, Shi CH. The Role of Pathogens and Anti-Infective Agents in Parkinson's Disease, from Etiology to Therapeutic Implications. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:27-44. [PMID: 34719435 PMCID: PMC8842782 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is still unclear, hampering the development of effective treatments. There is an urgent need to identify the etiology and provide further effective treatments. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that infection may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. The infective pathogens may act as a trigger for Parkinson's disease, the most common of which are hepatitis C virus, influenza virus, and Helicobacter pylori. In addition, gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to influence brain function through the gut-brain axis, showing an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, a series of anti-infective agents exhibit surprising neuroprotective effects via various mechanisms, such as interfering with α-synuclein aggregation, inhibiting neuroinflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, and preventing from cell death, independent of their antimicrobial effects. The pleiotropic agents affect important events in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, most of them are less toxic, clinically safe and have good blood-brain penetrability, making them hopeful candidates for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the use of antibiotics and subsequent gut dysbiosis may also play a role in Parkinson's disease, making the long-term effects of anti-infective drugs worthy of further consideration and exploration. This review summarizes the current evidence for the association between infective pathogens and Parkinson's disease and subsequently explores the application prospects of anti-infective drugs in Parkinson's disease treatment, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oliveira LMA, Gasser T, Edwards R, Zweckstetter M, Melki R, Stefanis L, Lashuel HA, Sulzer D, Vekrellis K, Halliday GM, Tomlinson JJ, Schlossmacher M, Jensen PH, Schulze-Hentrich J, Riess O, Hirst WD, El-Agnaf O, Mollenhauer B, Lansbury P, Outeiro TF. Alpha-synuclein research: defining strategic moves in the battle against Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 34312398 PMCID: PMC8313662 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the genetic era in Parkinson's disease (PD) research in 1997, α-synuclein was identified as an important player in a complex neurodegenerative disease that affects >10 million people worldwide. PD has been estimated to have an economic impact of $51.9 billion in the US alone. Since the initial association with PD, hundreds of researchers have contributed to elucidating the functions of α-synuclein in normal and pathological states, and these remain critical areas for continued research. With this position paper the authors strive to achieve two goals: first, to succinctly summarize the critical features that define α-synuclein's varied roles, as they are known today; and second, to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and delineate a multipronged strategy for future research with the goal of enabling therapies to stop or slow disease progression in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M A Oliveira
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Schlossmacher
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine & DANDRITE, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Tiago F Outeiro
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Iglesias-Hernandez D, Chapman S, Radler K, Dowd H, Huey ED, Cosentino S, Louis ED. Baseline Infection Burden and Cognitive Function in Elders with Essential Tremor. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 34026322 PMCID: PMC8121006 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with essential tremor (ET) have an increased risk of cognitive impairment, yet little is known about the predictors of cognitive decline in these patients. Exposures to infectious agents throughout the lifespan may impact the later development of cognitive impairment. For example, high Infection exposure has been associated with lower cognitive performance in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. However, this predictor has not been examined in ET. Objectives To determine whether a higher baseline infection burden is associated with worse cognitive performance at baseline and greater cognitive decline over time in an ET cohort. Method/Design 160 elderly non-demented ET participants (80.0 ± 9.5 years) underwent an extensive cognitive evaluation at three time points. At baseline, participants completed an infection burden questionnaire (t-IBQ) that elicited information on previous exposure to infectious agents and number of episodes per disease. Analysis of covariance and generalized estimated equations (GEEs) were used. Results Overall, infection burden was not associated baseline cognitive performance. Adjusted GEE models for repeated measures yielded a significant time interaction between moderate infection burden at baseline and better performance in the attention domain over time (p = 0.013). Previous history of rubella was associated with faster rate of decline in visuospatial performance (p = 0.046). Conclusion The data were mixed. Moderate self-reported infection burden was associated with better attention performance over time. Self-reported history of rubella infection was related to lower visuospatial performance over time in this cohort. Follow-up studies with additional design elements would be of value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Chapman
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
| | - Keith Radler
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, US
| | - Hollie Dowd
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, US
| | - Edward D. Huey
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
| | - Elan D. Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, US
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tassi A, Gitto S, Piras C, Cursaro C, Alicandro T, Margotti M, Rivi M, Andreone P. Cognitive, neurological and psychiatric disorders occurring in Hepatitis C Virus infection. Minerva Med 2021; 112:238-245. [PMID: 33576202 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis C is associated with many extrahepatic manifestations. Central nervous system is frequently involved, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Local and systemic inflammation, ischemia, immune-mediated phenomena have been described in this context. Clinical manifestations include cognitive alterations, stroke, depression and demyelinating phenomena. It is unclear if cognitive deficits can be improved or resolved with viral eradication and to understand this, could have important therapeutical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tassi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Gitto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Piras
- Graduating School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmela Cursaro
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tatiana Alicandro
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marzia Margotti
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Rivi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pietro Andreone
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy - .,Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Internal and Metabolic Medicine, Civil Hospital of Baggiovara, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Smeyne RJ, Noyce AJ, Byrne M, Savica R, Marras C. Infection and Risk of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:31-43. [PMID: 33361610 PMCID: PMC7990414 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Bacterial or viral infection has been proposed as a potential risk factor, and there is supporting although not entirely consistent epidemiologic and basic science evidence to support its role. Encephalitis caused by influenza has included parkinsonian features. Epidemiological evidence is most compelling for an association between PD and hepatitis C virus. Infection with Helicobacter pylori may be associated not only with PD risk but also response to levodopa. Rapidly evolving knowledge regarding the role of the microbiome also suggests a role of resident bacteria in PD risk. Biological plausibility for the role for infectious agents is supported by the known neurotropic effects of specific viruses, particular vulnerability of the substantia nigra and even the promotion of aggregation of alpha-synuclein. A common feature of implicated viruses appears to be production of high levels of cytokines and chemokines that can cross the blood-brain barrier leading to microglial activation and inflammation and ultimately neuronal cell death. Based on multiple avenues of evidence it appears likely that specific bacterial and particularly viral infections may increase vulnerability to PD. The implications of this for PD prevention requires attention and may be most relevant once preventive treatments for at-risk populations are developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Smeyne
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matthew Byrne
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto Western Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kleefeld F, Arendt G, Neuen-Jacob E, Maschke M, Husstedt I, Obermann M, Schmidt H, Hahn K. [Neurological complications of hepatitis C infections]. DER NERVENARZT 2020; 92:144-149. [PMID: 33001263 PMCID: PMC7873080 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Die chronische Hepatitis-C-Virus(HCV)-Infektion ist eine hochprävalente Systemerkrankung, die verschiedene neurologische Komplikationen verursachen kann. Es lassen sich HCV-assoziierte Symptome im zentralen und peripheren Nervensystem sowie der Muskulatur unterscheiden. Wichtige Pathomechanismen sind die HCV-assoziierte Autoimmunität (z. B. gemischte Kryoglobulinämie mit Polyneuropathie) und direkte Neurotoxizität (z. B. bei HCV-assoziierten kognitiven Defiziten). Die häufigsten neurologischen Komplikationen sind distal-symmetrische Polyneuropathien, Small-fiber-Neuropathien und kognitive Defizite. Die HCV-Infektion stellt außerdem einen Risikofaktor für ischämische und hämorrhagische Schlaganfälle sowie den Morbus Parkinson dar. Die frühe Identifikation und antivirale Behandlung HCV-positiver Patienten steht im Zentrum der Behandlung. Durch neue antivirale Therapien können >90 % der Patienten dauerhaft von der HCV-Infektion geheilt werden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kleefeld
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Gabriele Arendt
- Neurologie, Neuro-Centrum Düsseldorf, Hohenzollernstr. 5, 40211, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Eva Neuen-Jacob
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Maschke
- Klinik für Neurologie, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Nordallee 1, 54292, Trier, Deutschland
| | - Ingo Husstedt
- Praxis an der Klinik Maria Frieden, Am Krankenhaus 1, 48291, Telgte/Münster, Deutschland
| | - Mark Obermann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal, Karl-Herold-Str. 1, 38723, Seesen, Deutschland
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Klinik für Neurologie, Elbe-Kliniken Stade, Bremervörder Str. 111, 21682, Stade, Deutschland
| | - Katrin Hahn
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wijeyekoon RS, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Scott KM, Hayat S, Kuan WL, Evans JR, Breen DP, Cummins G, Jones JL, Clatworthy MR, Floto RA, Barker RA, Williams-Gray CH. Peripheral innate immune and bacterial signals relate to clinical heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:473-488. [PMID: 32006615 PMCID: PMC7613010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), but peripheral in-vivo clinical evidence of the components and driving mechanisms involved and their relationship with clinical heterogeneity and progression to dementia remain poorly explored. We examined changes in peripheral innate immune-related markers in PD cases (n = 41) stratified according to risk of developing early dementia. 'Higher Risk'(HR) (n = 23) and 'Lower Risk' (LR) (n = 18) groups were defined according to neuropsychological predictors and MAPT H1/H2 genotype, and compared to age, gender and genotype-matched controls. Monocyte subsets and expression of key surface markers were measured using flow cytometry. Serum markers including alpha-synuclein, inflammasome-related caspase-1 and bacterial translocation-related endotoxin were measured using quantitative immuno-based assays. Specific markers were further investigated using monocyte assays and validated in plasma samples from a larger incident PD cohort (n = 95). We found that classical monocyte frequency was elevated in PD cases compared to controls, driven predominantly by the HR group, in whom Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)4+ monocytes and monocyte Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) expression were also increased. Monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR expression correlated with clinical variables, with lower levels associated with worse cognitive/motor performance. Notably, monocyte changes were accompanied by elevated serum bacterial endotoxin, again predominantly in the HR group. Serum alpha-synuclein and inflammasome-related caspase-1 were decreased in PD cases compared to controls regardless of group, with decreased monocyte alpha-synuclein secretion in HR cases. Further, alpha-synuclein and caspase-1 correlated positively in serum and monocyte lysates, and in plasma from the larger cohort, though no associations were seen with baseline or 36-month longitudinal clinical data. Principal Components Analysis of all monocyte and significant serum markers indicated 3 major components. Component 1 (alpha-synuclein, caspase-1, TLR2+ monocytes) differentiated PD cases and controls in both groups, while Component 2 (endotoxin, monocyte TREM2, alpha-synuclein) did so predominantly in the HR group. Component 3 (classical monocytes, alpha-synuclein) also differentiated cases and controls overall in both groups. These findings demonstrate that systemic innate immune changes are present in PD and are greatest in those at higher risk of rapid progression to dementia. Markers associated with PD per-se (alpha-synuclein, caspase-1), differ from those related to cognitive progression and clinical heterogeneity (endotoxin, TREM2, TLR4, classical monocytes, HLA-DR), with mechanistic and therapeutic implications. Alpha-synuclein and caspase-1 are associated, suggesting inflammasome involvement common to all PD, while bacterial translocation associated changes may contribute towards progression to Parkinson's dementia. Additionally, HLA-DR-associated variations in antigen presentation/clearance may modulate existing clinical disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruwani S. Wijeyekoon
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK,Corresponding Author;
| | | | - Kirsten M. Scott
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Shaista Hayat
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Evans
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK,Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - David P. Breen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK,Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 9, Little France Road, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Gemma Cummins
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Joanne L. Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - R. Andres Floto
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A. Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK,Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline H. Williams-Gray
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Song C, Kong Y, Huang L, Luo H, Zhu X. Big data-driven precision medicine: Starting the custom-made era of iatrology. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110445. [PMID: 32593132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is a new therapeutic concept and method emerging in recent years. The rapid development of precision medicine is driven by the development of omics related technology, biological information and big data science. Precision medicine is provided to implement precise and personalized treatment for diseases and specific patients. Precision medicine is commonly used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various diseases. This review introduces the application of precision medicine in eight systematic diseases of the human body, and systematically presenting the current situation of precision medicine. At the same time, the shortcomings and limitations of precision medicine are pointed out. Finally, we prospect the development of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Song
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Lianfang Huang
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang H, Liu X, Tan C, Zhou W, Jiang J, Peng W, Zhou X, Mo L, Chen L. Bacterial, viral, and fungal infection-related risk of Parkinson's disease: Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01549. [PMID: 32017453 PMCID: PMC7066372 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies showed that patients with various bacterial, viral, and fungal infections might be at increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the risk of PD in patients with each specific infection varied. This meta-analysis estimated the association between various infections and PD risk. METHODS Literature published from January 1965 to October 2019 in PubMed and EMBASE databases was searched. Data were extracted and pooled using random/fixed effects model. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were also performed to analyze the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was estimated by the trim and fill. RESULTS Twenty-three out of 6,609 studies were included. Helicobacter pylori (HP; pooled OR = 1.653, 1.426-1.915, p < .001), hepatitis C virus (HCV; pooled OR = 1.195, 1.012-1.410, p = .035), Malassezia (pooled OR = 1.694, 1.367-2.100, p < .001), and pneumoniae (pooled OR = 1.595, 1.020-2.493, p = .041) infection were associated with increased PD risk. Influenza virus, herpes virus, hepatitis B virus, scarlet fever, mumps virus, chicken pox, pertussis, German measles, and measles were not associated with PD risk. After antiviral treatment against HCV reduced the risk of PD in patients with HCV infection (OR = 0.672, 0.571-0.791, p < .001). Significant heterogeneity exists among the included studies. CONCLUSION Patients with infection of HP, HCV, Malassezia, pneumoniae might be an increased risk of PD. Antiviral treatment of HCV could reduce the risk of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wuxue Peng
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Forton D, Weissenborn K, Bondin M, Cacoub P. Expert opinion on managing chronic HCV in patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations. Antivir Ther 2019; 23:47-55. [PMID: 30451150 DOI: 10.3851/imp3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of HCV infection appear to be under-recognized in clinical practice despite the majority of HCV-infected patients experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, depression and cognitive dysfunction. There is also growing evidence for a link between HCV infection and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. The mechanism underpinning the association between HCV and these neuropsychiatric syndromes still requires further investigation. Here we review the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for a link between HCV and effects on the central nervous system leading to neuropsychiatric syndromes. Lastly, we describe how improvements in neuropsychiatric manifestations of HCV following treatment have been observed, which is subsequently reflected in an overall improvement in health-related quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Forton
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George's Hospital London, London, UK.,St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Su TH, Yang HC, Tseng TC, Chou SW, Lin CH, Liu CH, Liu CJ, Chen CL, Kao JH. Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1882-1890. [PMID: 31505068 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of parkinsonism after antiviral treatment against chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between CHC and parkinsonism and the efficacy of antiviral therapy. METHODS Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2004 to 2012, patients with and without CHC, patients receiving pegylated interferon-based antiviral therapy, and those without such therapy were matched by age, gender, and comorbidities by propensity scores and followed for new diagnoses of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease (PD). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Overall, 49,342 patients with CHC were matched with 49,342 non-CHC patients. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was a significantly increased risk (31%) of parkinsonism (hazard ratio [HR] 1.306; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.208-1.412) in those with CHC and the risk of parkinsonism requiring anti-Parkinson medication (HR 1.323; 95% CI, 1.214-1.441). Furthermore, 23,647 untreated CHC patients were matched with 23,647 patients receiving antiviral therapy. Patients receiving antiviral therapy had a significantly lower risk of developing parkinsonism (38%; HR 0.618; 95% CI, 0.498-0.765) and a reduced risk of parkinsonism requiring anti-Parkinson medication (HR 0.651; 95% CI, 0.515-0.823). In sensitivity analyses, antiviral therapy significantly reduced the risk of parkinsonism and PD after adjustment for detection, selection, disease latency biases, and competing mortality. Our results suggest successful antiviral therapy associates with a reduced risk of hepatitis C virus-related parkinsonism compared with those with treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS CHC infection is associated with an increased risk of parkinsonism or PD. Antiviral therapy against CHC is associated with a reduced risk of parkinsonism or PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Hung Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chung Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wan Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin WY, Lin MS, Weng YH, Yeh TH, Lin YS, Fong PY, Wu YR, Lu CS, Chen RS, Huang YZ. Association of Antiviral Therapy With Risk of Parkinson Disease in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1019-1027. [PMID: 31168563 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Epidemiologic evidence suggests that hepatitis C virus (HCV) could be a risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD), but treatment for HCV infection has never been considered in these studies; hence, the association between antiviral therapy and PD incidence has remained unclear. Understanding this association may help in developing strategies to reduce PD occurrence. Objective To identify the risk of PD development in patients with HCV infection receiving antiviral treatment and in patients not receiving this treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study obtained claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Adult patients with a new HCV diagnosis with or without hepatitis per International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and anti-PD medications from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2013, were selected for inclusion. After excluding participants not eligible for analysis, the remaining patients (n = 188 152) were categorized into treated and untreated groups according to whether they received antiviral therapy. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the covariates across groups for comparison of main outcomes. This study was conducted from July 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Development of PD was the main outcome. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compare the risk of PD, and the hazard ratio (HR) was calculated at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after the index date and at the end of the cohort. Results A total of 188 152 patients were included in the analysis. An equal number (n = 39 936) and comparable characteristics of participants were retained in the treated group (with 17 970 female [45.0%] and a mean [SD] age of 52.8 [11.4] years) and untreated group (with 17 725 female [44.4%] and a mean [SD] age of 52.5 [12.9] years) after matching. The incidence density of PD was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.85-1.15) in the treated group and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.21-1.57) per 1000 person-years in the untreated group. The advantage of antiviral therapy reached statistical significance at the 5-year follow-up (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.96), and this advantage continued to increase until the end of follow-up (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87). Conclusions and Relevance Evidence suggested that the PD incidence was lower in patients with chronic HCV infection who received interferon-based antiviral therapy; this finding may support the hypothesis that HCV could be a risk factor for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wey-Yil Lin
- Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Fong
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tulisiak CT, Mercado G, Peelaerts W, Brundin L, Brundin P. Can infections trigger alpha-synucleinopathies? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 168:299-322. [PMID: 31699323 PMCID: PMC6857718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As synucleinopathies, Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are neurodegenerative diseases that involve the spread of pathogenic alpha-synuclein (αSyn) throughout the brain. Recent studies have suggested a role for αSyn as an antimicrobial peptide in response to PD- and MSA-related infections of peripheral tissues, including those in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. In this chapter, we examine epidemiological and experimental evidence for a role of peripheral microbial infections in triggering alpha-synucleinopathies. We propose a model of how infectious triggers, in conjunction with inflammatory, environmental, and genetic facilitators, may result in transfer of pathogenic αSyn strains from the periphery to the brain, where they propagate and spread. Finally, we discuss future research challenges and programs necessary to clarify the role of infections as triggers of PD and MSA and, ultimately, to prevent the onset of these diseases by infectious triggers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Tulisiak
- Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Gabriela Mercado
- Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Wouter Peelaerts
- Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lena Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Limphaibool N, Iwanowski P, Holstad MJV, Kobylarek D, Kozubski W. Infectious Etiologies of Parkinsonism: Pathomechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Neurol 2019; 10:652. [PMID: 31275235 PMCID: PMC6593078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in recent decades has expanded our insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), though the underlying cause remains incompletely understood. Neuroinflammation have become a point of interest in the interconnecting areas of neurodegeneration and infectious diseases. The hypothesis concerning an infectious origin in PD stems from the observation of Parkinson-like symptoms in individuals infected with the influenza virus who then developed encephalitis lethargica. The implications of infectious pathogens have later been studied in neuronal pathways leading to the development of Parkinsonism and PD, through both a direct association and through synergistic effects of infectious pathogens in inducing neuroinflammation. This review explores the relationship between important infectious pathogens and Parkinsonism, including symptoms of Parkinsonism following infectious etiologies, infectious contributions to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes associated with Parkinsonism, and the epidemiologic correlations between infectious pathogens and idiopathic PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Iwanowski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pritchard C, Silk A, Hansen L. Are rises in Electro-Magnetic Field in the human environment, interacting with multiple environmental pollutions, the tripping point for increases in neurological deaths in the Western World? Med Hypotheses 2019; 127:76-83. [PMID: 31088653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whilst humans evolved in the earth's Electro-Magnetic-Field (EMF) and sun-light, both being essential to life but too much sun and we burn. What happens if background EMF rise to critical levels, coinciding with increasing environmental pollutants? Two of the authors can look back over 50 clinical years and appreciate the profound changes in human morbidity across a range of disparate conditions - autoimmune diseases, asthma, earlier cancer incidence and reduced male sperm counts. In particular have been increased autism, dyslexia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and neurological diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Early Onset Dementia, Multiple System Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. What might have caused these changes-whilst genetic factors are taken as given, multiple environmental pollutants are associated with neurological disease although the mechanisms are unclear. The pace of increased neurological deaths far exceeds any Gompertzian explanation - that because people are living longer they are more likely to develop more age-related problems such as neurological disease. Using WHO global mortality categories of Neurological Disease Deaths (NDD) and Alzheimer's and Dementia deaths (Alz), updated June 2018, together they constitute Total Neurological Mortality (TNM), to calculate mortality rates per million for people aged 55-74 and for the over-75's in twenty-one Western countries. Recent increases in American people aged over-75's rose 49% from 1989 to 2015 but US neurological deaths increased five-fold. In 1989 based on Age-Standardised-Deaths-Rates America USA was 17th at 324 pm but rising to 539 pm became second highest. Different environmental/occupational factors have been found to be associated with neuro-degenerative diseases, including background EMF. We briefly explore how levels of EMF interact upon the human body, which can be described as a natural antennae and provide new evidence that builds upon earlier research to propose the following hypothesis. Based upon recent and new evidence we hypothesise that a major contribution for the relative sudden upsurge in neurological morbidity in the Western world (1989-2015), is because of increased background EMF that has become the tipping point-impacting upon any genetic predisposition, increasing multiple-interactive pollutants, such as rises in petro-chemicals, hormone disrupting chemicals, industrial, agricultural and domestic chemicals. The unprecedented neurological death rates, all within just twenty-five years, demand a re-examination of long-term EMF safety related to the increasing background EMF on human health. We do not wish to 'stop the modern world', only make it safer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Pritchard
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Silk
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Hansen
- Southern Health, Dept of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Transplant and risk of Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 63:149-155. [PMID: 30827837 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear, but growing evidence supports a role of neuroinflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between tissue transplantation and PD risk, given the importance of immunosuppressants in post-transplant management. METHODS We performed a case-control study among Medicare beneficiaries age 66-90 using claims from 2004 to 2009. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to identify PD (89,790 incident cases, 118,095 population-based controls) and history of tissue transplant (kidney, heart, liver, lung, and bone marrow). We investigated risk of PD in relation to tissue transplant in logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, and overall use of medical care. RESULTS Beneficiaries who had received a tissue transplant at least five years prior to PD diagnosis or reference had a lower risk of PD (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53, 0.75) than those without tissue transplant. This inverse association was observed for kidney (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47, 0.84), heart (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40, 0.83), lung (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21, 0.77), and bone marrow (OR 0.57, 95% 0.38, 0.85) transplants. Associations were attenuated, but remained, following adjustment for indications for the respective type of transplant. Liver transplant was not associated with PD risk. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing tissue transplant may have a lower risk of developing PD than the general population. Further studies are needed to determine if this association is causal and if immunosuppressants mediate this association.
Collapse
|
31
|
Goldstein L, Fogel-Grinvald H, Steiner I. Hepatitis B and C virus infection as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease in Israel-A nationwide cohort study. J Neurol Sci 2019; 398:138-141. [PMID: 30710864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between hepatitis C and B viruses and Parkinson's disease (PD) in Israel. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed by analyzing the computerized database of Clalit Healthcare Service in Israel. Cohorts of people with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were constructed and compared to a reference cohort for prevalence of PD. RESULTS The prevalence of PD in Israel was found to be 0.5% in the general population. The M-H (Mantel-Haenszel) odds ratio (OR) of PD for HBV-positive patients was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00-1.16). The M-H OR of PD for HCV-positive patients was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04-1.35). The M-H OR of PD for patients infected with both hepatitis C and B was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.87-1.47). The M-H OR of PD for patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08-1.19). CONCLUSIONS We report evidence supporting a minor increased risk for PD in patients with HCV. Co infection of HCV and HBV was not associated with an increased risk for PD. The increased risk for PD in the group of patients with NASH, raises the possibility that liver disease per se is a risk factor for PD rather than viral infection. In addition, it cannot be ruled out that the association is, at least in part, the result of the occurrence of cirrhosis induced parkinsonism that was misclassified as PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haya Fogel-Grinvald
- School of occupational Therapy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Impact of infection on risk of Parkinson's disease: a quantitative assessment of case-control and cohort studies. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:221-228. [PMID: 30632012 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying modifiable risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) to help prevent this disease has attracted increasing interest in recent years for the limited effective drugs at present. Despite many studies indicated that infection acts as a risk factor for PD, there is no quantitative assessment of the impact of viral and bacterial infections on the risk of developing PD. The present study performed a meta-analysis on the basis of 38 datasets from 13 studies covering 287,773 PD cases and 7,102,901 controls to ascertain the association between PD and infection and the differences in the strength of the viral and bacterial infections. The overall meta-analytic results indicated that individuals with infection had a 20% increased risk of PD compared with controls (OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.07-1.32). The subgroup analysis according to the type of infection found that bacterial infection had a significant impact on increased risk of PD (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.32-1.48). The present analysis indicated that infection could increase the risk of developing PD, and physician should be aware of the risk of developing PD in subjects with infection.
Collapse
|
33
|
Olson KE, Bade AN, Namminga KL, Potash MJ, Mosley RL, Poluektova LY, Volsky DJ, Gendelman HE. Persistent EcoHIV infection induces nigral degeneration in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-intoxicated mice. J Neurovirol 2018; 24:398-410. [PMID: 29594983 PMCID: PMC6105545 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has dramatically improved the quality and duration of life for HIV-positive individuals. Despite this success, HIV persists for the life of an infected person in tissue reservoirs including the nervous system. Thus, whether HIV exacerbates age-related brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is of concern. In support of this idea, HIV infection can be associated with motor and gait abnormalities that parallel late-stage manifestations of PD including dopaminergic neuronal loss. With these findings in hand, we investigated whether viral infection could affect nigrostriatal degeneration or exacerbate chemically induced nigral degeneration. We now demonstrate an additive effect of EcoHIV on dopaminergic neuronal loss and neuroinflammation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication. HIV-1-infected humanized mice failed to recapitulate these EcoHIV results suggesting species-specific neural signaling. The results demonstrate a previously undefined EcoHIV-associated neurodegenerative response that may be used to model pathobiological aspects of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Krista L Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mary Jane Potash
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chong LW, Hsu CC, Lee CY, Chou RH, Lin CL, Chang KH, Hsu YC. Association of viral hepatitis and bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study. J Transl Med 2018; 16:173. [PMID: 29929549 PMCID: PMC6013873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder (BD), a type of psychiatric mood disorder, is manifested by chronic and recurrent mood fluctuations. This study aims to determine whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a risk factor for BD. Methods A total of 48,215 patients with newly diagnosed viral hepatitis from 2000 to 2010 were identified and frequency-matched with 192,860 people without hepatitis. Both groups were followed until diagnosis with BD, withdrawal from the national health insurance program, or the end of 2011. Patients with viral hepatitis were grouped into 3 cohorts: HBV infection, HCV infection, and HBV/HCV coinfection. The association between viral hepatitis and BD were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results The incidence of BD was higher in HBV/HCV coinfection than in the control group, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.16 (95% confidence interval 1.06–4.41) when adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidity. After further adjustment, we noted that an age more than 65 years and female may be associated with an increased risk of BD in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. Conclusion Viral hepatitis may be associated with increased risk of subsequent BD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1542-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Won Chong
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Hsu
- Division of Psychiatry, Taitung Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yin Lee
- College of Medicine, The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University (Yancho Campus), Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, E-DA Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Herbert S. Clinical round-up. Br J Vener Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2017-053299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
37
|
Volpicelli-Daley L, Brundin P. Prion-like propagation of pathology in Parkinson disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 153:321-335. [PMID: 29887143 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63945-5.00017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years ago, Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites were defined as a pathologic hallmark of Parkinson disease. Eighty years later, α-synuclein was found to be the primary component of these inclusions. Emerging evidence suggests that α-synuclein pathology propagates across interconnected networks throughout the nervous system in a prion-like manner. Pathologic α-synuclein seeds aggregation of native α-synuclein, resulting in the formation of insoluble inclusions. These seeds can propagate within the neuron and to interconnected neurons, resulting in the spread of pathology throughout the brain. Here, we discuss how the findings that α-synuclein pathology spreads throughout the nervous system has revolutionized our understanding about Parkinson disease pathogenesis and resulted in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to halt disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Volpicelli-Daley
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 30:9-13. [PMID: 29049127 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most common infections worldwide. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that patients with HCV infection might be at an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. However, the data on this relationship remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to summarize all available evidence. PATIENTS AND METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to May 2017. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios (ORs), or hazard ratios comparing the risk of Parkinson's disease among HCV-infected patients versus participants without HCV infection were included. Pooled OR and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Of 468 studies, five studies with 323 974 participants met our eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. We found a higher risk of Parkinson's disease among patients with chronic HCV infection compared with participants without HCV infection with the pooled OR of 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.52). The statistical heterogeneity of this study was insignificant (I=3%). The main limitation of this meta-analysis was the limited accuracy of diagnosis in the primary studies as they were coding-based studies. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a higher risk of Parkinson's disease among HCV-infected patients. Further studies are required to clarify how this risk should be addressed in the clinical picture.
Collapse
|
39
|
Parkinson’s Disease: Contemporary Concepts and Clinical Management. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
40
|
Abbas MM, Xu Z, Tan LCS. Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease-East Versus West. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 5:14-28. [PMID: 30363342 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cause of PD at present remains unknown. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted across the globe to ascertain the disease burden and the possible risk factors. In this review, we analyze the various studies from East and West with an aim to observe the important similarities and differences in the disease occurrence and risk factor profile. Methods A comprehensive search of descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies was undertaken. The descriptive studies and meta-analysis providing the standardised population rates were selected. The demographics, ethnicity and geographical differences between East and West were analysed. In analytical epidemiology, more established and well-studied non-genetic risk factors for PD were reviewed utilising the prospective cohort studies, case control studies and meta-analysis where available. Results and Conclusion PD is more common with increasing age and shows male predominance, which is more obvious in Western studies. The PD prevalence and incidence rates are slightly lower in the East compared to the West. Incidence studies on different ethnic populations in the same country have also found a lower occurrence of PD amongst Easterners compared to Westerners. Setting methodological differences aside, studies from East and West suggest a role for both environmental and genetic risk factors in PD causation. Smoking, caffeine intake and pesticide exposure are well-established risk factors across regions. There is a robust data for dairy product consumption, urate levels and physical activity in the West while studies on certain risk factors like head injury and alcohol show conflicting and mixed results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoom M Abbas
- Department of Neurology National Neuroscience Institute Singapore.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Centre National Neuroscience Institute NPF International Center of Excellence Singapore
| | - Zheyu Xu
- Department of Neurology National Neuroscience Institute Singapore.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Centre National Neuroscience Institute NPF International Center of Excellence Singapore
| | - Louis C S Tan
- Department of Neurology National Neuroscience Institute Singapore.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Centre National Neuroscience Institute NPF International Center of Excellence Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abushouk AI, El-Husseny MWA, Magdy M, Ismail A, Attia A, Ahmed H, Pallanti R, Negida A. Evidence for association between hepatitis C virus and Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1913-1920. [PMID: 28780707 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a globally prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and formation of Lewy bodies. These pathological characteristics are clinically translated into motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors, and postural instability. Emerging data from epidemiological studies suggest a possible association between PD and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which affects up to 71 million individuals worldwide. Preclinical studies have shown that HCV can penetrate and replicate within the brain macrophages and microglial cells, increasing their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can directly cause neuronal toxicity. Other studies reported that interferon, previously used to treat HCV infection, can increase the risk of PD through inhibition of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission or induction of neuroinflammation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review on the possible association between HCV infection and PD and highlight recommendations for further research and practice in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramsis St., Abbasia, Cairo, 11591, Egypt. .,NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt. .,Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Wanees Ahmed El-Husseny
- NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.,Fayoum Medical Research Association, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mayar Magdy
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ammar Ismail
- NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Attia Attia
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussien Ahmed
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ravikishore Pallanti
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Osmania College of Medicine, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahmed Negida
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Benito-León
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre"; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); and Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|