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Huang W, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Liu H. Association between a body shape index and Parkinson's disease: A large cross-sectional study from NHANES. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26557. [PMID: 38420444 PMCID: PMC10900994 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To further evaluate the connection between obesity and Parkinson's disease, we utilized A body shape index which normalizes waist circumference for Body mass index. Derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2018, this study included 31,933 adult participants in total. First, all the participants were divided into the Parkinson's disease group and non-Parkinson's disease group, respectively. Next, according to their quartiles of A body shape index levels, they were further classified into Q1 group (0.058-0.077), Q2 group (0.078-0.081), Q3 group (0.082-0.084), and Q4 group (0.085-0.117). A body shape index was the primary exposure, while Parkinson's disease was the primary outcome. A body shape index is defined by waist circumference divided by Body mass index2/3 × height1/2, and the expected value of waist circumference based on height and weight derived empirically from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Consequently, A body shape index and Parkinson's disease were analyzed through multifactor logistic regression. Results According to the unadjusted multivariate logistic analysis, the Q4 group had a greater likelihood of acquiring Parkinson's disease than the Q1 group [OR = 4.519, 95% CI: 3.094-6.600; P < 0.001]. After adjusting the demographic variables such as age, sex, and race, Q4 group was at a higher risk of Parkinson's disease acquisition than Q1 [OR (95% CI): 2.677 (1.774-4.038); P < 0.001]. Compared with Q1 group, the male participants were in a greater chance of getting Parkinson's disease than female participants in Q4 group, as shown by subgroup analysis by gender [male vs. female: OR = 6.563 (3.289-13.098) vs. OR = 3.827 (2.398-6.108); Interaction P-value<0.001]. Conclusions There is a non-linear positive correlation between the adult A body shape index and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Adults are at a greater risk of getting Parkinson's disease as A body shape index rises, and the link is particularly strong among men aged 20 to 59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Yingqi Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, China
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Paola Caminiti S, Gallo S, Menegon F, Naldi A, Comi C, Tondo G. Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence in Human Neuroimaging Studies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:602-613. [PMID: 37326116 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230616121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. A progressive neuronal loss and the consequent clinical impairment lead to deleterious effects on daily living and quality of life. Despite effective symptomatic therapeutic approaches, no disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Emerging evidence suggests that adopting a healthy lifestyle can improve the quality of life of PD patients. In addition, modulating lifestyle factors can positively affect the microstructural and macrostructural brain levels, corresponding to clinical improvement. Neuroimaging studies may help to identify the mechanisms through which physical exercise, dietary changes, cognitive enrichment, and exposure to substances modulate neuroprotection. All these factors have been associated with a modified risk of developing PD, with attenuation or exacerbation of motor and non-motor symptomatology, and possibly with structural and molecular changes. In the present work, we review the current knowledge on how lifestyle factors influence PD development and progression and the neuroimaging evidence for the brain structural, functional, and molecular changes induced by the adoption of positive or negative lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Gallo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Menegon
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Naldi
- Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
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3
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Evlice A, Över F, Balal M, Ateş E, Aslan-Kara K. Which factors affect phenoconversion in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder? Sleep Med 2024; 113:152-156. [PMID: 38016361 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) is characterized by loss of the normal atonia of REM sleep. Patients with IRBD are at substantial risk of developing the synuclein-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). Few predictors of phenoconversion (from IRBD to NDD) have been identified such as age >65 years, hyposmia, constipation, elevated Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). We aimed to detect rate and risk factors of phenoconversion. METHOD The study designed as retrospectively. NDD was developed in 18 (27.27%) patients while NDD wasn't developed in 48 (72.73%) patients after ten years. The data of the first visit (age, gender, hyposmia, constipation, ESS, comorbidities, physical/neurological examinations, laboratory, and polysomnography) were compared between NDD (n:18) and IRBD (46) groups. The statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0 was used for all analyzes. The threshold for statistical significance for each test was set at 0.05. RESULTS Although, most first-visit data (age, gender, hyposmia, constipation, ESS, laboratory, polysomnography) were not different between NDD (n:18) and IRBD (n:48) groups, diabetes mellitus (DM) frequency (p:0.021), mean duration of DM (0.027), chest circumference (p:0.017), and hip circumference (p:0.045) were found higher in NDD than IRBD. If the risk of phenoconversion calculated by logistic regression analysis was different only in terms of DM frequency (p:0.030) [odds ratio: 4.909 (1.17-20.19)]. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the phenoconversion rate for ten years is 27.27%, and IRBD patients with diabetes mellitus increase the phenoconversion risk nearly five times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Evlice
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fahreddin Över
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Balal
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Elçin Ateş
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kezban Aslan-Kara
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Adana, Turkey.
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Li LY, Liu SF, Zhuang JL, Li MM, Huang ZP, Chen YH, Chen XR, Chen CN, Lin S, Ye LC. Recent research progress on metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:719-735. [PMID: 36450297 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases. PD is associated with progressive loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, including various motor symptoms (e.g., bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor), as well as non-motor symptoms (e.g., cognitive impairment, constipation, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depression). PD involves multiple biological processes, including mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a collection of numerous connected cerebral cardiovascular conditions, is a common and growing public health problem associated with many chronic diseases worldwide. MetS components include central/abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, diabetes, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. MetS and PD share multiple pathophysiological processes, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. In recent years, MetS has been linked to an increased risk of PD, according to studies; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Researchers also found that some related metabolic therapies are potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and improve PD. This article reviews the epidemiological relationship between components of MetS and the risk of PD and discusses the potentially relevant mechanisms and recent progress of MetS as a risk factor for PD. Furthermore, we conclude that MetS-related therapies are beneficial for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian-Long Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Mi-Mi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shishi General Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li-Chao Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
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Kang SH, Moon SJ, Kang M, Chung SJ, Cho GJ, Koh SB. Incidence of Parkinson's disease and modifiable risk factors in Korean population: A longitudinal follow-up study of a nationwide cohort. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1094778. [PMID: 36865411 PMCID: PMC9971569 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1094778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) by age and year for each sex as well as the modifiable risk factors for PD. Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, 938,635 PD and dementia-free participants aged ≥40 years who underwent general health examinations were followed to December 2019. Methods We analyzed the PD incidence rates according to age, year and sex. To investigate the modifiable risk factors for PD, we used the Cox regression model. Additionally, we calculated the population-attributable fraction to measure the impact of the risk factors on PD. Results During follow-up, 9,924 of the 938,635 (1.1%) participants developed PD. The incidence of PD increased continuously from 2007 to 2018, reaching 1.34 per 1,000 person-years in 2018. The incidence of PD also increases with age, up to 80 y. Presence of hypertension (SHR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.14), diabetes (SHR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.31), dyslipidemia (SHR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.18), ischemic stroke (SHR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.36), hemorrhagic stroke (SHR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.47), ischemic heart disease (SHR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17), depression (SHR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.69), osteoporosis (SHR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.30), and obesity (SHR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10) were independently associated with a higher risk for PD. Discussion Our results highlight the effect of modifiable risk factors for PD in the Korean population, which will help establish health care policies to prevent the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Joo Moon
- Smart Healthcare Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Chung
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Koh
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Seong-Beom Koh,
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Waist circumference and risk of Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:89. [PMID: 35803940 PMCID: PMC9270375 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies support the association of obesity with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), there are limited data regarding the association between abdominal obesity and PD, with mixed findings. The aim of this study was to examine the association of waist circumference (WC) with the risk of PD incidence. We retrospectively analyzed a large-scale nationwide cohort of 6,925,646 individuals aged ≥40 years who underwent the Korean National Health Screening during 2009. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the association of WC and abdominal obesity with PD risk and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD incidence. During a median follow-up period of 8.35 years, 33,300 cases of PD developed. PD incidence was positively associated with increases in WC (P for trend < 0.001). The risk of PD incidence tended to elevate as WC increased (P for trend < 0.001), indicating that the adjusted HRs of PD incidence in the highest WC group versus the reference group was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.10–1.23), whereas it was 0.91 (95% CI 0.84–0.98) in the lowest WC group. Individuals with abdominal obesity were significantly associated with an increased PD risk (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13). These associations persisted even after adjustment for body mass index and stratification by sex. Even among non-obese individuals, abdominal obesity was associated with a higher PD risk (adjusted HR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09–1.18). Taken together, higher WC and abdominal obesity were associated with increased PD risk. Even in non-obese individuals, abdominal obesity was associated with an increased PD risk.
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Kopp KO, Glotfelty EJ, Li Y, Greig NH. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and neuroinflammation: Implications for neurodegenerative disease treatment. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106550. [PMID: 36372278 PMCID: PMC9712272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, excessive neuroinflammation is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, neuroinflammatory pathways have yet to be effectively targeted in clinical treatments for such diseases. Interestingly, increased inflammation and neurodegenerative disease risk have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR), suggesting that treatments that mitigate T2DM pathology may be successful in treating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology as well. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that promotes healthy insulin signaling, regulates blood sugar levels, and suppresses appetite. Consequently, numerous GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) stimulating drugs have been developed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and related global regulatory authorities for the treatment of T2DM. Furthermore, GLP-1R stimulating drugs have been associated with anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative disorder preclinical models, and hence hold promise for repurposing as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss incretin signaling, neuroinflammatory pathways, and the intersections between neuroinflammation, brain IR, and neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on AD and PD. We additionally overview current FDA-approved incretin receptor stimulating drugs and agents in development, including unimolecular single, dual, and triple receptor agonists, and highlight those in clinical trials for neurodegenerative disease treatment. We propose that repurposing already-approved GLP-1R agonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases may be a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective strategy for ameliorating AD and PD pathology by quelling neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O Kopp
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Harvey J. Food for Thought: Leptin and Hippocampal Synaptic Function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882158. [PMID: 35784728 PMCID: PMC9247348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that the endocrine hormone, leptin controls energy homeostasis by providing key signals to specific hypothalamic nuclei. However, our knowledge of leptin’s central actions has advanced considerably over the last 20 years, with the hippocampus now established as an important brain target for this hormone. Leptin receptors are highly localised to hippocampal synapses, and increasing evidence reveals that activation of synaptically located leptin receptors markedly impacts cognitive processes, and specifically hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Here, we review the recent actions of leptin at hippocampal synapses and explore the consequences for brain health and disease.
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Flores-Cordero JA, Pérez-Pérez A, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Alba G, Flores-Barragán A, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5202. [PMID: 35563589 PMCID: PMC9099768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem, affecting many people due to excessive saturated fat consumption, lack of exercise, or a sedentary lifestyle. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue that increases in obesity and has central actions not only at the hypothalamic level but also in other regions and nuclei of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These regions express the long form of leptin receptor LepRb, which is the unique leptin receptor capable of transmitting complete leptin signaling, and are the first regions to be affected by chronic neurocognitive deficits, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this review, we discuss different leptin resistance mechanisms that could be implicated in increasing the risk of developing AD, as leptin resistance is frequently associated with obesity, which is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and obesity is considered a risk factor for AD. Key players of leptin resistance are SOCS3, PTP1B, and TCPTP whose signalling is related to inflammation and could be worsened in AD. However, some data are controversial, and it is necessary to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the AD-causing pathological processes and how altered leptin signalling affects such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Av. Sánchez Pizjuan 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.F.-C.); (A.P.-P.); (C.J.-C.); (G.A.); (A.F.-B.)
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Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071425. [PMID: 35406040 PMCID: PMC9003269 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of a strong link between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. Indeed, epidemiologic studies have described solid associations between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration, whereas animal models contributed for the clarification of the mechanistic underlying the complex relationships between these conditions, having the development of an insulin resistance state a pivotal role in this relationship. Herein, we review in a concise manner the association between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. We start by providing concepts regarding the role of insulin and insulin signaling pathways as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms that are in the genesis of metabolic diseases. Then, we focus on the role of insulin in the brain, with special attention to its function in the regulation of brain glucose metabolism, feeding, and cognition. Moreover, we extensively report on the association between neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases, with a particular emphasis on the evidence observed in animal models of dysmetabolism induced by hypercaloric diets. We also debate on strategies to prevent and/or delay neurodegeneration through the normalization of whole-body glucose homeostasis, particularly via the modulation of the carotid bodies, organs known to be key in connecting the periphery with the brain.
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Chou MC, Lee HC, Liu YC, Yen PSY, Liu CK, Chen CH, Hsieh TH, Chen SL. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Consumption Depletes Glial Cells and Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Containing Neurons in the Brain of Middle-Aged Rats. Cells 2022; 11:295. [PMID: 35053411 PMCID: PMC8773849 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have indicated that dyslipidemia may facilitate the progression of neuronal degeneration. However, the effects of chronic dyslipidemia on brain function, especially in older individuals, remain unclear. In this study, middle-aged 37-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks (i.e., until 67 weeks of age). To study the effects of chronic dyslipidemia on the brain, we analyzed spontaneous locomotor activity, cognitive function, and brain tissues in both groups of rats after 30 weeks. Compared with age-matched rats fed a ND, Wistar-Kyoto rats fed a HFD had dyslipidemia and showed decreased movement but normal recognition of a novel object. In our brain analyses, we observed a significant decrease in astrocytes and tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus of rats fed a HFD compared with rats fed a ND. However, hippocampal pyramidal neurons were not affected. Our findings indicate that the long-term consumption of a HFD may cause lipid metabolism overload in the brain and damage to glial cells. The decrease in astrocytes may lead to reduced protection of the brain and affect the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons but not pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chuan Chou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-K.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Patrick Szu-Ying Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.S.-Y.Y.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Ching-Kuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-K.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.S.-Y.Y.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 37660, USA;
| | - Tzu-Han Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.S.-Y.Y.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.S.-Y.Y.); (T.-H.H.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center and MSc Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, KMU Hospital, KMU, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
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Li T, Qu J, Xu C, Fang T, Sun B, Chen L. Exploring the common gene signatures and pathogeneses of obesity with Alzheimer's disease via transcriptome data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1072955. [PMID: 36568118 PMCID: PMC9780446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1072955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex condition that influences several organ systems and physiologic systems. Obesity (OB) is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the interrelationship between them remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the key genes and potential molecular mechanisms in obesity and AD. METHODS The microarray data for OB and AD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to delineate the co-expression modules related to OB and AD. The shared genes existing in obesity and AD were identified through biological process analyses using the DAVID website, which then constructed the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network and selected the hub genes by Cytoscape. The results were validated in other microarray data by differential gene analysis. Moreover, the hub gene expressions were further determined in mice by qPCR. RESULTS The WGCNA identifies five modules and four modules as significant modules with OB and AD, respectively. Functional analysis of shared genes emphasized that inflammation response and mitochondrial functionality were common features in the pathophysiology of OB and AD. The results of differential gene analysis in other microarray data were extremely similar to them. Then six important hub genes were selected and identified using cytoHubba, including MMP9, PECAM1, C3AR1, IL1R1, PPARGC1α, and COQ3. Finally, we validated the hub gene expressions via qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Our work revealed the high inflammation/immune response and mitochondrial impairment in OB patients, which might be a crucial susceptibility factor for AD. Meanwhile, we identified novel gene candidates such as MMP9, PECAM1, C3AR1, IL1R1, PPARGC1α, and COQ3 that could be used as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for OB with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bei Sun
- *Correspondence: Liming Chen, ; Bei Sun,
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Liu M, Jiao Q, Du X, Bi M, Chen X, Jiang H. Potential Crosstalk Between Parkinson's Disease and Energy Metabolism. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2003-2015. [PMID: 34881082 PMCID: PMC8612621 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra (SN) and the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Some studies have reported that the pathology of PD originates from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which also serves as an energy portal, and develops upward along the neural pathway to the central nervous system (CNS), including the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV), SN, and hypothalamus, which are also involved in energy metabolism control. Therefore, we discuss the alterations of nuclei that regulate energy metabolism in the development of PD. In addition, due to their anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidative roles, metabolism-related peptides are involved in the progression of PD. Furthermore, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are common in PD patients and exacerbate the pathological changes in PD. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to explain the correlation between PD and energy metabolism, which may provide possible strategies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiu Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Narasimhan M, Schwartz R, Halliday G. Parkinsonism and cerebrovascular disease. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120011. [PMID: 34686356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cerebrovascular disease and parkinsonism is commonly seen in everyday clinical practice but remains ill-defined and under-recognised with little guidance for the practising neurologist. We attempt to define this association and to illustrate key clinical, radiological and pathological features of the syndrome of Vascular Parkinsonism (VaP). VaP is a major cause of morbidity in the elderly associated with falls, hip fractures and cognitive impairment. Although acute parkinsonism is reported in the context of an acute cerebrovascular event, the vast majority of VaP presents as an insidious syndrome usually in the context of vascular risk factors and radiological evidence of small vessel disease. There may be an anatomic impact on basal ganglia neuronal networks, however the effect of small vessel disease (SVD) on these pathways is not clear. There are now established reporting standards for radiological features of SVD on MRI. White matter hyperintensities and lacunes have been thought to be the representative radiological features of SVD but other features such as the perivascular space are gaining more importance, especially in context of the glymphatic system. It is important to consider VaP in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and in these situations, neuroimaging may offer diagnostic benefit especially in those patients with atypical presentations or refractoriness to levodopa. Proactive management of vascular risk factors, monitoring of bone density and an exercise program may offer easily attainable therapeutic targets in PD and VaP. Levodopa therapy should be considered in patients with VaP, however the dose and effect may be different from use in PD. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Narasimhan
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Raymond Schwartz
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Park JH, Choi Y, Kim H, Nam MJ, Lee CW, Yoo JW, Jung JH, Park YG, Han K, Kim DH. Association between body weight variability and incidence of Parkinson disease: A nationwide, population-based cohort study. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3626-3633. [PMID: 34255908 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although body weight variability has been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, the relationship between body weight variability and Parkinson disease (PD) has rarely been studied. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between body weight variability and PD incidence. METHODS A nationwide population-based, cohort study was conducted using the database from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of the whole Korean population. We analyzed 2,815,135 participants (≥40 years old, mean age = 51.7 ± 8.6 years, 66.8% men) without a previous PD diagnosis. We determined individual body weight variability from baseline weight and follow-up visits. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS The highest quartile group was associated with increased PD incidence compared with the lowest quartile group after adjustment for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.29). In contrast, baseline body mass index, baseline waist circumference, and waist circumference variability were not associated with increased PD incidence. In the body weight loss group, individuals within the quartile of the highest variation in body weight showed a higher HR of PD risk than those within other quartiles (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.18-1.68). CONCLUSIONS Body weight variability, especially weight loss, was associated with higher PD incidence. This finding has important implications for clinicians and supports the need for preventative measures and surveillance for PD in individuals with fluctuating body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ji Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Klabunde M, Piccirilli A, Bruno J, Gendron M, Reiss AL. Empathic Accuracy in Adolescent Girls with Turner Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:2203-2212. [PMID: 34081302 PMCID: PMC9021071 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To examine the potential mechanisms underlying social deficits in Turner Syndrome, we administered the empathic accuracy task (EAT) -a naturalistic social cognition task- and a (control) visual-motor line-tracking task to 14 girls with TS was compared to 12 age-matched typically developing girls (TD; ages 12 to 17). Empathic accuracy was compared across positive and negative emotionally valanced videos. We found that TS differs from TD on empathic accuracy ratings for negative videos; no differences were detected for the positive videos or for the control line tracking task. Thus, our findings suggest impaired detection of negatively valanced empathic interactions in TS and may help inform the future development of social-cognition treatment strategies for girls with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klabunde
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, C04 3SQ, UK.
| | - A Piccirilli
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Bruno
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Gendron
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Neth BJ, Bauer BA, Benarroch EE, Savica R. The Role of Intermittent Fasting in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:682184. [PMID: 34140926 PMCID: PMC8203905 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.682184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Neth
- Departments of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brent A Bauer
- Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Rodolfo Savica
- Departments of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Saedi S, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Barmaki H, Mokhtari Z, Musavi H, Valilo M, Mota A, Mahjoub S. Serum lipid profile of Parkinson's disease patients: A study from the Northwest of Iran. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021; 12:155-161. [PMID: 34012532 PMCID: PMC8111816 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.12.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined as a long-lasting, neurological illness. Low levels of serum lipid fractions are related with a high risk of PD. Current investigation was designed to evaluate the concentration blood lipid fractions in patients suffering from PD and compared with healthy subjects. METHODS This case-control study was conducted from February 2016 to September 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. The present investigation consisted of 75 persons who had PD and 75 normal people. The blood levels of lipid fractions were measured by concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total cholesterol. The results were analyzed with SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, and student's t-test. RESULTS Serum level of TG was remarkably lower in patients with PD (111.92±8.75 mg/dL) compared with healthy subjects (123.64±9.97 mg/dL, P=0.008). Furthermore, we saw an important difference in the level of LDL-C (P=0.001) and TC (P=0.004) between the two groups. However, there was not any observed meaningful difference in the serum concentrations of HDL-C between the studied groups (P=0.135). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the serum concentration of TG, LDL-C, and TC are noticeably lower in the PD suffering patients. Further investigations are needed to provide comprehensive information on the participants' cognitive layout and subsequent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Saedi
- Department of Medicine Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Samira Saedi and Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand contributed equally in this article
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Samira Saedi and Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand contributed equally in this article
| | - Haleh Barmaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mokhtari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Musavi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohamad Valilo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mota
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mahjoub
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Hamilton K, Harvey J. The Neuronal Actions of Leptin and the Implications for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010052. [PMID: 33440796 PMCID: PMC7827292 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the endocrine hormone leptin controls food intake and energy homeostasis via activation of leptin receptors expressed on hypothalamic arcuate neurons. The hippocampal formation also displays raised levels of leptin receptor expression and accumulating evidence indicates that leptin has a significant impact on hippocampal synaptic function. Thus, cellular and behavioural studies support a cognitive enhancing role for leptin as excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and glutamate receptor trafficking at hippocampal Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses are regulated by leptin, and treatment with leptin enhances performance in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks. Recent studies indicate that hippocampal temporoammonic (TA)-CA1 synapses are also a key target for leptin. The ability of leptin to regulate TA-CA1 synapses has important functional consequences as TA-CA1 synapses are implicated in spatial and episodic memory processes. Moreover, degeneration is initiated in the TA pathway at very early stages of Alzheimer's disease, and recent clinical evidence has revealed links between plasma leptin levels and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, accumulating evidence indicates that leptin has neuroprotective actions in various AD models, whereas dysfunctions in the leptin system accelerate AD pathogenesis. Here, we review the data implicating the leptin system as a potential novel target for AD, and the evidence that boosting the hippocampal actions of leptin may be beneficial.
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20
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Verugina NI, Levin OS, Lyashenko EA. [Neuroendocrine and metabolic impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:67-73. [PMID: 33205933 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSRACT Neuroendocrine and neurometabolic disorders, although occasionally noted in Parkinson's disease (PD), existed in the shadow of motor and non-motor symptoms (hypokinesia, rigidity, tremor, depression, constipation, etc.). In recent years, they are increasingly being diagnosed and are the subject of special research. These include, in particular, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, changes in body weight, metabolic disorders in bone tissue, secretion, as well as the secretion of neurohormones, such as melatonin. They are associated with other non-motor symptoms, negatively affect patients' general condition and quality of life, but can be treatable. At the same time, treatment of neuroendocrine and neurometabolic disorders can favorably influence the rate of progression of the disease as a whole. This review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical consequences, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of neuroendocrine and neurometabolic disorders arising in PD, which have been relatively rarely covered in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Verugina
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Levin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Lyashenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Na M, Wu J, Li M, Hinkle SN, Zhang C, Gao X. New onset of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy in a prospective multiracial cohort: Incidence and risk factors. Neurology 2020; 95:e3438-e3447. [PMID: 33177224 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the incidence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy differ by race/ethnicity, we estimated relative risks of demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors in association with risk of any incident RLS in pregnancy in a cohort of 2,704 healthy pregnant women without prior RLS. METHODS Using data from the multicenter, multiracial National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons, we examined the incidence of RLS from early pregnancy to near delivery through up to 6 assessments. Multivariable Poisson models with robust variance were applied to estimate relative risks (RRs). RESULTS The cumulative incidence of RLS in pregnancy was 18.1% for all women, 20.3% for White women, 15.4% for Black women, 17.1% for Hispanic women, and 21.1% for Asian women. Among Hispanic women, older age (RR [reference ≤25 years]: 25-35 years, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.16; ≥35 years, 1.58; 95% CI 0.93-2.68), anemia (RR [reference no]: yes, 2.47; 95% CI 1.31-4.64), and greater total skinfolds of the subscapular and triceps sites, independent of body mass index (RR [reference quartile 1]: quartile 5, 2.54; 95% CI 1.30-4.97; p trend = 0.01) were associated with higher risk of RLS, while multiparity was associated with a lower risk (RR [reference nulliparity]: 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.96). In Black women, greater skinfolds and waist circumference were associated with higher risk of pregnancy RLS, although the trends were less clear. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of RLS in pregnancy was high and differed by race/ethnicity, which is likely accounted for by differences in other risk factors, such as age, parity, and nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Na
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.N., X.G.), the Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Glotech Inc (J.W.), Rockville, MD; and Epidemiology Branch (M.L., S.N.H., C.Z.), Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jing Wu
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.N., X.G.), the Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Glotech Inc (J.W.), Rockville, MD; and Epidemiology Branch (M.L., S.N.H., C.Z.), Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mengying Li
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.N., X.G.), the Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Glotech Inc (J.W.), Rockville, MD; and Epidemiology Branch (M.L., S.N.H., C.Z.), Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefanie N Hinkle
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.N., X.G.), the Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Glotech Inc (J.W.), Rockville, MD; and Epidemiology Branch (M.L., S.N.H., C.Z.), Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.N., X.G.), the Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Glotech Inc (J.W.), Rockville, MD; and Epidemiology Branch (M.L., S.N.H., C.Z.), Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Xiang Gao
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.N., X.G.), the Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Glotech Inc (J.W.), Rockville, MD; and Epidemiology Branch (M.L., S.N.H., C.Z.), Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
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Bittencourt A, Brum PO, Ribeiro CT, Gasparotto J, Bortolin RC, de Vargas AR, Heimfarth L, de Almeida RF, Moreira JCF, de Oliveira J, Gelain DP. High fat diet-induced obesity causes a reduction in brain tyrosine hydroxylase levels and non-motor features in rats through metabolic dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1026-1040. [PMID: 33078695 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1831261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem that has been associated with neuroinflammation, decreased cognitive functions and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor and non-motor abnormalities, increased brain inflammation, α-synuclein protein aggregation and dopaminergic neuron loss that is associated with decreased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the brain. Diet-induced obesity is a global epidemic and its role as a risk factor for PD is not clear. Herein, we showed that 25 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes significant alterations in the nigrostriatal axis of Wistar rats. Obesity induced by HFD exposure caused a reduction in TH levels and increased TH phosphorylation at serine 40 in the ventral tegmental area. These effects were associated with insulin resistance, increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels, oxidative stress, astrogliosis and microglia activation. No difference was detected in the levels of α-synuclein. Obesity also induced impairment of locomotor activity, total mobility and anxiety-related behaviors that were identified in the open-field and light/dark tasks. There were no changes in motor coordination or memory. Together, these data suggest that the reduction of TH levels in the nigrostriatal axis occurs through an α-synuclein-independent pathway and can be attributed to brain inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress and metabolic disorders induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bittencourt
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ozorio Brum
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Tiefensee Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calixto Bortolin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Amanda Rodrigues de Vargas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Farina de Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Gentile F, Doneddu PE, Riva N, Nobile-Orazio E, Quattrini A. Diet, Microbiota and Brain Health: Unraveling the Network Intersecting Metabolism and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7471. [PMID: 33050475 PMCID: PMC7590163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence gives support for the idea that extra-neuronal factors may affect brain physiology and its predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological and experimental studies show that nutrition and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases after midlife, while the relationship with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is uncertain, but suggests a protective effect of features of metabolic syndrome. The microbiota has recently emerged as a novel factor engaging strong interactions with neurons and glia, deeply affecting their function and behavior in these diseases. In particular, recent evidence suggested that gut microbes are involved in the seeding of prion-like proteins and their spreading to the central nervous system. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the impact of metabolism, diet and microbiota in neurodegeneration, by affecting simultaneously several aspects of health regarding energy metabolism, immune system and neuronal function. Advancing technologies may allow researchers in the future to improve investigations in these fields, allowing the buildup of population-based preventive interventions and development of targeted therapeutics to halt progressive neurologic disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gentile
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (N.R.)
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy; (P.E.D.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Pietro Emiliano Doneddu
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy; (P.E.D.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Nilo Riva
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (N.R.)
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy; (P.E.D.); (E.N.-O.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (N.R.)
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Roh JH, Lee S, Yoon JH. Metabolic Syndrome and Parkinson's Disease Incidence: A Nationwide Study Using Propensity Score Matching. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:1-7. [PMID: 32876524 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common pathophysiological mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the influence of MetS on PD incidence. Materials and Methods: A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HealS) data (2002-2015) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Individuals with MetS were identified from those who underwent a health checkup in 2009-2010 and were 1:1 matched to individuals without MetS (non-MetS) using the propensity score method. Among 314,737 eligible individuals, 85,530 MetS and non-MetS pairs were selected. Results: During a mean follow-up of 7.23 years, 819 (0.48%) PD cases occurred. Individuals with MetS exhibited 1.23 times greater PD incidence (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.43; P = 0.006). The risk of PD increased with the number of MetS components, with the presence of five MetS components altogether doubling the incidence of PD (odds ratio [OR], 2.00; 95% CI, 1.30-3.04; P = 0.001). High blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose increased PD incidence by 1.34 times (95% CI, 1.15-1.58; P < 0.001), 1.31 times (95% CI, 1.13-1.52; P < 0.001), and 1.20 times (95% CI, 1.04-1.38; P = 0.013), respectively. Elevated waist circumference was not associated with PD incidence (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.96-1.28; P = 0.176). High triglycerides exerted a protective effect against PD incidence especially in men (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.81; P < 0.001). Conclusions: MetS may be a risk factor for PD incidence, and individual components of MetS exert different effects depending on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Roh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Lee
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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25
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San Luciano M, Tanner CM, Meng C, Marras C, Goldman SM, Lang AE, Tolosa E, Schüle B, Langston JW, Brice A, Corvol JC, Goldwurm S, Klein C, Brockman S, Berg D, Brockmann K, Ferreira JJ, Tazir M, Mellick GD, Sue CM, Hasegawa K, Tan EK, Bressman S, Saunders-Pullman R. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Use and LRRK2 Parkinson's Disease Penetrance. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1755-1764. [PMID: 32662532 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The penetrance of leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations is incomplete and may be influenced by environmental and/or other genetic factors. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to reduce inflammation and may lower Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, but their role in LRRK2-associated PD is unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of regular NSAID use and LRRK2-associated PD. METHODS Symptomatic ("LRRK2-PD") and asymptomatic ("LRRK2-non-PD") participants with LRRK2 G2019S, R1441X, or I2020T variants (definitely pathogenic variant carriers) or G2385R or R1628P variants (risk variant carriers) from 2 international cohorts provided information on regular ibuprofen and/or aspirin use (≥2 pills/week for ≥6 months) prior to the index date (diagnosis date for PD, interview date for non-PD). Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between regular NSAID use and PD for any NSAID, separately for ibuprofen and aspirin in all carriers and separately in pathogenic and risk variant groups. RESULTS A total of 259 LRRK2-PD and 318 LRRK2-non-PD participants were enrolled. Regular NSAID use was associated with reduced odds of PD in the overall cohort (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.57) and in both pathogenic and risk variant carriers (ORPathogenic , 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.67 and ORRiskVariant , 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.99). Similar associations were observed for ibuprofen and aspirin separately (ORIbuprofen , 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.50 and ORAspirin , 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.91). CONCLUSIONS Regular NSAID use may be associated with reduced penetrance in LRRK2-associated PD. The LRRK2 protein is involved in inflammatory pathways and appears to be modulated by regular anti-inflammatory use. Longitudinal observational and interventional studies of NSAID exposure and LRRK2-PD are needed to confirm this association. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta San Luciano
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cheryl Meng
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel M Goldman
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Birgitt Schüle
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - J William Langston
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 6 UMR_S 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 6 UMR_S 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, ICM, Paris, France
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Simone Brockman
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia and Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim J Ferreira
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Meriem Tazir
- Service de Neurologie CHU Mustapha, Alger, Algeria
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Susan Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Jiang Z, Xu X, Gu X, Ou R, Luo X, Shang H, Song W. Effects of Higher Serum Lipid Levels on the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:597. [PMID: 32670190 PMCID: PMC7332704 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The causal relationship between serum lipid levels and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains largely uncertain. We summarized the existing controversial evidence on this topic. Methods: We searched the electronic databases for observational studies from January 1988 to March 2020. We applied random-effects models to calculate pooled relative risk (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Random-effects dose-response meta-analyses were further conducted to explore the dose-risk relationship. Results: Twelve cohort studies and three case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Higher levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were inversely associated with the subsequent risk of PD (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.93), whereas, there were no associations between serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.73–1.13), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.73–1.27), or triglycerides (TG) (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.55–1.29) and the risk of PD. Further dose-response meta-analysis revealed that every 38.6 mg/dL (1mmol/L) increase in serum LDL-C correlates with a 7% decreased risk of PD. Conclusions: Our paper supports the protective effect of higher serum LDL-C on the subsequent risk of PD. More prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm the conclusion, and further fundamental researches are needed to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinran Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Luo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Park J, Cheon W, Kim K. Effects of Long-Term Endurance Exercise and Lithium Treatment on Neuroprotective Factors in Hippocampus of Obese Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093317. [PMID: 32397675 PMCID: PMC7246857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of long-term lithium treatment and low intensity endurance exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) activity in the hippocampus of obese rats. Fifty 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected. There was a control group of 10 rats (chow control group) while the other forty rats were fed on a high-fat diet for eight weeks to induce obesity. Rats were then assigned into four random groups. The rats were given 10 mg/kg lithium chloride (LiCl) dissolved in 1 mL sterile distilled water once a day, 5 times a week. The rats did 20 min of treadmill walking with an exercise intensity of 40% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) (12 m/min, slope 0%). This was performed for 20 min a day, 3 days a week. Twelve weeks of lithium treatment or endurance exercise significantly reduced body weight and body fat mass in obese rats, without showing additive effects when the treatments were given in parallel or significant toxic responses in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in blood and kidney and liver tissues. BDNF expression in the hippocampus was significantly increased both in exercise and lithium groups with synergistic effects found in the group where both exercise and lithium treatments were given in parallel. On the other hand, the decrease in GSK3β activity was shown only in the lithium treatment group, without showing additive effects when the treatments were given in parallel. Lithium and low-intensity endurance exercise for 12 weeks increased the expression of BDNF, a neuroprotective factor in the hippocampus of obese mice. Lithium treatment alone inhibited the activity of GSK3β. This can be interpreted as a positive indication of applicability of the two factors in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusik Park
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Wookwang Cheon
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-5256
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28
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Hahm JR, Jo MH, Ullah R, Kim MW, Kim MO. Metabolic Stress Alters Antioxidant Systems, Suppresses the Adiponectin Receptor 1 and Induces Alzheimer's Like Pathology in Mice Brain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010249. [PMID: 31963819 PMCID: PMC7016950 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and insulin resistance play major roles in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A high-fat diet induces obesity-associated oxidative stress, neuronal insulin resistance, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation, which are considered important risk factors for neurodegeneration. Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction is a risk factor for cognitive decline. The present study aimed to elucidate whether chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD; 24 weeks) can induce insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in mouse brains. Male C57BL/6N mice were used for a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced pre-clinical model of obesity. The protein expression levels were examined via Western blot, immunofluorescence, and the behavior analysis was performed using the Morris water maze test. To obtain metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance tests were performed. We found that metabolic perturbations from the chronic consumption of HFD elevated neuronal oxidative stress and insulin resistance through adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1) suppression in HFD-fed mice. Similarly, our in vitro results also indicated that knockdown of AdipoR1 in the embryonic mouse hippocampal cell line mHippoE-14 leads to increased oxidative stress in neurons. In addition, HFD markedly increased neuroinflammatory markers’ glial activation in the cortex and hippocampus regions of HFD mouse brains. More importantly, we observed that AdipoR1 suppression increased the amyloidogenic pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, deregulated synaptic proteins and behavioral deficits were observed in the HFD mouse brains. Taken together, our findings suggest that excessive consumption of an HFD has a profound impact on brain function, which involves the acceleration of cognitive impairment due to increased obesity-associated oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation, which ultimately may cause early onset of Alzheimer’s pathology via the suppression of AdipoR1 signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ryeal Hahm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.H.J.); (R.U.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.H.J.); (R.U.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.H.J.); (R.U.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.H.J.); (R.U.); (M.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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29
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Azizova TV, Bannikova MV, Grigoryeva ES, Rybkina VL, Hamada N. Occupational exposure to chronic ionizing radiation increases risk of Parkinson's disease incidence in Russian Mayak workers. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 49:435-447. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients receiving radiotherapy demonstrate cognitive deficits, impairment of neurogenesis and neurovascular damage developing as late side effects of radiation exposure to the head. In light of the increasing use of diagnostic radiological procedures, epidemiological data raise concerns about possible harmful effects of low-level radiation on the human brain. A series of studies of chronically exposed Russian nuclear workers have provided information on risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases.
Methods
This study aimed to assess the risk of Parkinson’s-disease (PD) incidence in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to chronic radiation. The cohort comprised workers of a Russian nuclear production facility who were first employed in 1948–1982 and followed up until the end of 2013 (22 377 individuals; 25% female). Using the AMFIT module of EPICURE software, relative risk and excess relative risk per unit dose (ERR/Gy) were calculated based on maximum likelihood.
Results
A linear association was found between PD incidence and cumulative γ-dose after adjusting for sex and attained age [ERR/Gy = 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.59 to 1.63, p = 5.44 × 10–5)]. The ERR/Gy of external radiation for PD incidence was stable after adjusting for neutron dose (ERR/Gy = 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.59 to 1.67, p = 6.86 × 10–5). The risk increased with increasing lag period and decreased notably after adjusting for body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. Additional adjustments for hypertension, gout, gastric ulcer, head injuries with loss of awareness and diabetes mellitus did not affect the risk estimate.
Conclusions
This study is the first to suggest that PD is associated with prolonged occupational external γ-ray exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Maria V Bannikova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | | | - Valentina L Rybkina
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo, Japan
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Fujita Y, Yamashita T. The Effects of Leptin on Glial Cells in Neurological Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:828. [PMID: 31447640 PMCID: PMC6692660 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that various endocrine modulators, including leptin and ghrelin, have neuroprotective roles in neurological diseases. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes and was originally identified as a gene related to obesity in mice. The leptin receptors in the hypothalamus are the main target for the homeostatic regulation of body weight. Recent studies have demonstrated that leptin receptors are also expressed in other regions of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. Accordingly, these studies identified the involvement of leptin in the regulation of neuronal survival and neural development. Furthermore, leptin has been shown to have neuroprotective functions in animal models of neurological diseases and demyelination. These observations also suggest that dysregulation of leptin signaling may be involved in the association between neurodegeneration and obesity. In this review, we summarize novel functions of leptin in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we focus on the emerging evidence for the role of leptin in non-neuronal cells in the CNS, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Understanding leptin-mediated neuroprotective signals and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination will be helpful to establish therapeutic strategies against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Castro K, Ntranos A, Amatruda M, Petracca M, Kosa P, Chen EY, Morstein J, Trauner D, Watson CT, Kiebish MA, Bielekova B, Inglese M, Katz Sand I, Casaccia P. Body Mass Index in Multiple Sclerosis modulates ceramide-induced DNA methylation and disease course. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:392-410. [PMID: 30981648 PMCID: PMC6557766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) results from genetic predisposition and environmental variables, including elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) in early life. This study addresses the effect of BMI on the epigenome of monocytes and disease course in MS. METHODS Fifty-four therapy-naive Relapsing Remitting (RR) MS patients with high and normal BMI received clinical and MRI evaluation. Blood samples were immunophenotyped, and processed for unbiased plasma lipidomic profiling and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of circulating monocytes. The main findings at baseline were validated in an independent cohort of 91 therapy-naïve RRMS patients. Disease course was evaluated by a two-year longitudinal follow up and mechanistic hypotheses tested in human cell cultures and in animal models of MS. FINDINGS Higher monocytic counts and plasma ceramides, and hypermethylation of genes involved in negative regulation of cell proliferation were detected in the high BMI group of MS patients compared to normal BMI. Ceramide treatment of monocytic cell cultures increased proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and was prevented by DNA methylation inhibitors. The high BMI group of MS patients showed a negative correlation between monocytic counts and brain volume. Those subjects at a two-year follow-up showed increased T1 lesion load, increased disease activity, and worsened clinical disability. Lastly, the relationship between body weight, monocytic infiltration, DNA methylation and disease course was validated in mouse models of MS. INTERPRETATION High BMI negatively impacts disease course in Multiple Sclerosis by modulating monocyte cell number through ceramide-induced DNA methylation of anti-proliferative genes. FUND: This work was supported by funds from the Friedman Brain Institute, NIH, and Multiple Sclerosis Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilah Castro
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Achilles Ntranos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Mario Amatruda
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York and Inter-Institutional Center for Glial Biology at Icahn School of Medicine New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Kosa
- Neuroimmunological Disease Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Emily Y Chen
- BERG, LLC. Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | | | - Bibiana Bielekova
- Neuroimmunological Disease Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Ilana Katz Sand
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America; Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York and Inter-Institutional Center for Glial Biology at Icahn School of Medicine New York, New York, United States of America.
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Kizza J, Lewington S, Mappin‐Kasirer B, Turnbull I, Guo Y, Bian Z, Chen Y, Yang L, Chen Z, Clarke R. Cardiovascular risk factors and Parkinson's disease in 500,000 Chinese adults. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:624-632. [PMID: 31019987 PMCID: PMC6469341 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to compare the risks of Parkinson's disease among those with versus those without prior stroke or heart disease at baseline in a prospective study of 0.5 million adults in China, and to examine associations of cardiovascular disease risk factors (cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity) with risk of Parkinson's disease. METHODS During an average of 11.5 years of follow-up of 503,497 middle-aged participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank study, 603 incident cases were hospitalized with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of history of heart disease or stroke with Parkinson's disease in all participants, and of cardiovascular disease risk factors with Parkinson's disease in a subset without prior cardiovascular disease. RESULTS In this population the incidence rate of Parkinson's disease (mean [SD] age of cases, 61 [10] years) was 13.3 (95% confidence interval: 12.3-14.4) per 100,000 person-years. Incidence increased with age, and was higher in men than in women, and in urban than in rural residents. Prior stroke was associated with about twofold higher risk of Parkinson's disease (hazard ratio 1.94; 1.39-2.69). After adjustment for confounders in those without prior cardiovascular disease, a 5 kg/m2 higher body mass index was associated with 17% (1.17; 1.03-1.34: P = 0.019) higher risk of Parkinson's disease, but neither hypertension, diabetes, nor current cigarette smoking was significantly associated with Parkinson's disease. INTERPRETATION Prior stroke and adiposity were each associated with higher risks of Parkinson's disease, but none of the other cardiovascular disease risk factors were significantly associated with Parkinson's disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kizza
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Mappin‐Kasirer
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Iain Turnbull
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Vasconcelos AR, Dos Santos NB, Scavone C, Munhoz CD. Nrf2/ARE Pathway Modulation by Dietary Energy Regulation in Neurological Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30778297 PMCID: PMC6369171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of an array of enzymes with important detoxifying and antioxidant functions. Current findings support the role of high levels of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Given the central role played by Nrf2 in counteracting oxidative damage, a number of studies have targeted the modulation of this transcription factor in order to confer neuroprotection. Nrf2 activity is tightly regulated by oxidative stress and energy-based stimuli. Thus, many dietary interventions based on energy intake regulation, such as dietary energy restriction (DER) or high-fat diet (HFD), modulate Nrf2 with consequences for a variety of cellular processes that affect brain health. DER, by either restricting calorie intake or meal frequency, activates Nrf2 thereby triggering its protective effects, whilst HFD inhibit this pathway, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Consequently, DER protocols can be valuable strategies in the management of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Herein, we review current knowledge of the role of Nrf2 signaling in neurological diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia, as well as the potential of energy intake regulation in the management of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinopharmacology and Immunomodulation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinopharmacology and Immunomodulation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ross GW, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, Duda JE, Tanner CM, Zarow C, Uyehara-Lock JH, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, Studabaker WB, White LR. Association of brain heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with lewy pathology. Mov Disord 2018; 34:228-235. [PMID: 30597605 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides are associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A preliminary analysis from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study suggested that heptachlor epoxide, a metabolite from an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in Hawaii, may be especially important. This was a cross sectional analysis to evaluate the association of heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with Lewy pathology in an expanded survey of brain organochlorine residues from the longitudinal Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. METHODS Organochlorines were measured in frozen occipital or temporal lobes in 705 brains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Lewy pathology was identified using hematoxylin and eosin- and α-synuclein immunochemistry-stained sections from multiple brain regions. RESULTS The prevalence of Lewy pathology was nearly doubled in the presence versus the absence of heptachlor epoxide (30.1% versus 16.3%, P < 0.001). Although associations with other compounds were weaker, hexachlorobenzene (P = 0.003) and α-chlordane (P = 0.007) were also related to Lewy pathology. Most of the latter associations, however, were a result of confounding from heptachlor epoxide. Neither compound was significantly related to Lewy pathology after adjustment for heptachlor epoxide. In contrast, the association of heptachlor epoxide with Lewy pathology remained significant after adjustments for hexachlorobenzene (P = 0.013) or α-chlordane (P = 0.005). Findings were unchanged after removal of cases of PD and adjustment for age and other characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Organochlorine pesticides are associated with the presence of Lewy pathology in the brain, even after exclusion of PD cases. Although most of the association is through heptachlor epoxide, the role of other organochlorine compounds is in need of clarification. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Webster Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Helen Petrovitch
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - John E Duda
- Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chris Zarow
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jane H Uyehara-Lock
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lon R White
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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McGregor G, Harvey J. Regulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Function by the Metabolic Hormone, Leptin: Implications for Health and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:340. [PMID: 30386207 PMCID: PMC6198461 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the endocrine hormone leptin in controlling energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus are well documented. However the CNS targets for leptin are not restricted to the hypothalamus as a high density of leptin receptors are also expressed in several parts of the brain involved in higher cognitive functions including the hippocampus. Numerous studies have identified that in the hippocampus, leptin has cognitive enhancing actions as exogenous application of this hormone facilitates hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, whereas lack or insensitivity to leptin results in significant memory deficits. Leptin also markedly influences some of the main cellular changes that are involved in learning and memory including NMDA-receptor dependent synaptic plasticity and glutamate receptor trafficking. Like other metabolic hormones, there is a significant decline in neuronal sensitivity to leptin during the ageing process. Indeed, the capacity of leptin to modulate the functioning of hippocampal synapses is substantially reduced in aged compared to adult tissue. Clinical studies have also identified an association between circulating leptin levels and the risk of certain neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In view of this, targeting leptin and/or its receptor/signaling mechanisms may be an innovative approach for developing therapies to treat AD. In support of this, accumulating evidence indicates that leptin has cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective actions in various models of AD. Here we assess recent evidence that supports an important regulatory role for leptin at hippocampal CA1 synapses, and we discuss how age-related alterations in this hormonal system influences neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma McGregor
- Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jenni Harvey
- Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Nam GE, Kim SM, Han K, Kim NH, Chung HS, Kim JW, Han B, Cho SJ, Yu JH, Park YG, Choi KM. Metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson disease: A nationwide cohort study. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002640. [PMID: 30130376 PMCID: PMC6103502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the development of Parkinson disease (PD) is currently unclear. We sought to determine whether MetS and its components are associated with the risk of incident PD using large-scale cohort data for the whole South Korean population. METHODS AND FINDINGS Health checkup data of 17,163,560 individuals aged ≥40 years provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of South Korea between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, were included, and participants were followed up until December 31, 2015. The mean follow-up duration was 5.3 years. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PD were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders. We identified 44,205 incident PD cases during follow-up. Individuals with MetS (n = 5,848,508) showed an increased risk of PD development compared with individuals without MetS (n = 11,315,052), even after adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and history of stroke (model 3; HR, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.21-1.27). Each MetS component was positively associated with PD risk (HR, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.10-1.16 for abdominal obesity; 1.13, 1.10-1.15 for hypertriglyceridemia; 1.23, 1.20-1.25 for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1.05, 1.03-1.08 for high blood pressure; 1.21, 1.18-1.23 for hyperglycemia). PD incidence positively correlated with the number of MetS components (log-rank p < 0.001), and we observed a gradual increase in the HR for incident PD with increasing number of components (p < 0.001). A significant interaction between age and MetS on the risk of incident PD was observed (p for interaction < 0.001), and people aged ≥65 years old with MetS showed the highest HR of incident PD of all subgroups compared to those <65 years old without MetS (reference subgroup). Limitations of this study include the possibilities of misdiagnosis of PD and reverse causality. CONCLUSIONS Our population-based large-scale cohort study suggests that MetS and its components may be risk factors of PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mee Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SMK); (KMC)
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jung Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SMK); (KMC)
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Regulation of Immune Cell Function by PPARs and the Connection with Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061575. [PMID: 29799467 PMCID: PMC6032042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points towards the existence of a bidirectional interconnection between metabolic disease and neurodegenerative disorders, in which inflammation is linking both together. Activation of members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family has been shown to have beneficial effects in these interlinked pathologies, and these improvements are often attributed to anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR activation. In this review, we summarize the role of PPARs in immune cell function, with a focus on macrophages and T cells, and how this was shown to contribute to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. We address gender differences as a potential explanation in observed contradictory results, and we highlight PPAR-induced metabolic changes as a potential mechanism of regulation of immune cell function through these nuclear receptors. Together, immune cell-specific activation of PPARs present a promising therapeutic approach to treat both metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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LaHue SC, Comella CL, Tanner CM. The best medicine? The influence of physical activity and inactivity on Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 31:1444-1454. [PMID: 27477046 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is expected to increase as our population ages and will likely strain the projected capacity of our health care system. Despite being the most common movement disorder, there have been few noninvasive therapeutic advances for people with PD since the first levodopa clinical trial in 1961. The study of PD pathogenesis, combined with an appreciation for the biochemical mechanisms by which physical activity and exercise may impact physiology, has resulted in emerging hypotheses for new modifiable risk factors for PD. Physical activity and exercise as a means of preventing PD, or maintaining the functionality of people with PD, are a promising area of investigation. Conversely, physical inactivity is implicated in many disease states, some of which are also correlated with the development of PD, such as metabolic syndrome. The primary relationship between these diseases is likely rooted in heightened inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level. Physical activity and exercise as a means of attenuating inflammation have led to increased interest in related potential therapeutic targets for PD. Ultimately, these findings may translate into low-cost, universally available therapies for PD disease modification or prevention. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C LaHue
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Caroline M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Leptin and ghrelin: Sewing metabolism onto neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:307-316. [PMID: 29248481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has considerably increased over the last decades. The negative consequence of this augmented longevity has been a dramatic increase of age-related chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis. Epidemiology is telling us there exists a strong correlation between the neuronal loss characterizing these disorders and metabolic dysfunction. This review aims at presenting the evidence supporting the existence of a molecular system linking metabolism with neurodegeneration, with a specific focus on the role of two hormones with a key role in the regulatory cross talk between metabolic imbalance and the damage of nervous system: leptin and ghrelin. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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40
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Han J, Plummer J, Liu L, Byrd A, Aschner M, Erikson KM. The impact of obesity on brain iron levels and α-synuclein expression is regionally dependent. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:335-343. [PMID: 29034829 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1387720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of iron homeostasis is particularly apparent in the brain, where iron deficiency results in impaired cognition and iron accumulation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Obesity is linked to iron deficiency systemically, but the effects of obesity on brain iron and its associated consequences, including neurodegenerative processes remain unexplored. This preliminary study examined the effect of dietary-induced obesity on brain regional iron, α-synuclein expression, and F2-isoprostane (oxidative stress marker) concentrations in selected brain regions. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to elucidate the vulnerability of selected brain regions (e.g. midbrain, hippocampus) to the possible process of neurodegeneration due to the altered iron content associated with obesity. METHODS Twenty-one-day-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) or a control-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) for 20 weeks. Brain samples were collected and dissected into hippocampus, midbrain, striatum, and thalamus regions. Iron content, ferritin H (FtH) and α-synuclein protein and mRNA expressions, and F2-isoprostane were measured in selected regions. RESULTS The results indicated that obesity caused significant differences in iron levels in the midbrain and thalamus, but not in the hippocampus or striatum, compared to control mice. Furthermore, markers of neurodegeneration (α-synuclein mRNA expression and F2-isoprostanes) were increased in the midbrain. DISCUSSION These results support previous findings that brain iron metabolism responds to environmental stress in a regionally distinct manner and suggests that alterations in brain iron metabolism due to obesity may be relevant in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- a Department of Biology , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro , NC 27411 , USA
| | - Justin Plummer
- b Department of Nutrition , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC 27412 , USA
| | - Lumei Liu
- a Department of Biology , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro , NC 27411 , USA
| | - Aria Byrd
- c Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40536 , USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- d Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein School of Medicine , Bronx , NY 10461 , USA
| | - Keith M Erikson
- b Department of Nutrition , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC 27412 , USA
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Leehey M, Luo S, Sharma S, Wills AMA, Bainbridge JL, Wong PS, Simon DK, Schneider J, Zhang Y, Pérez A, Dhall R, Christine CW, Singer C, Cambi F, Boyd JT. Association of metabolic syndrome and change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores. Neurology 2017; 89:1789-1794. [PMID: 28972194 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between metabolic syndrome and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and, secondarily, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from 1,022 of 1,741 participants of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Exploratory Clinical Trials in Parkinson Disease Long-Term Study 1, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of creatine. Participants were categorized as having or not having metabolic syndrome on the basis of modified criteria from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Those who had the same metabolic syndrome status at consecutive annual visits were included. The change in UPDRS and SDMT scores from randomization to 3 years was compared in participants with and without metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 396) compared to those without (n = 626) were older (mean [SD] 63.9 [8.1] vs 59.9 [9.4] years; p < 0.0001), were more likely to be male (75.3% vs 57.0%; p < 0.0001), and had a higher mean uric acid level (men 5.7 [1.3] vs 5.3 [1.1] mg/dL, women 4.9 [1.3] vs 3.9 [0.9] mg/dL, p < 0.0001). Participants with metabolic syndrome experienced an additional 0.6- (0.2) unit annual increase in total UPDRS (p = 0.02) and 0.5- (0.2) unit increase in motor UPDRS (p = 0.01) scores compared with participants without metabolic syndrome. There was no difference in the change in SDMT scores. CONCLUSIONS Persons with Parkinson disease meeting modified criteria for metabolic syndrome experienced a greater increase in total UPDRS scores over time, mainly as a result of increases in motor scores, compared to those who did not. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT00449865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Leehey
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | - Sheng Luo
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Saloni Sharma
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Anne-Marie A Wills
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jacquelyn L Bainbridge
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Pei Shieen Wong
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - David K Simon
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jay Schneider
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Yunxi Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Adriana Pérez
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Rohit Dhall
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Chadwick W Christine
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Carlos Singer
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Franca Cambi
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - James T Boyd
- From the Department of Neurology (M.L.) and Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.L.B.), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Biostatistics (S.L., Y.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (S.S.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (A.-M.A.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Pharmacy (P.S.W.), Singapore General Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology (J.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics (Y.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Department of Biostatistics (A.P.), School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-UTHealth, Austin; Department of Neurology (R.D.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock; Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (C.S.), Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (F.C.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Neurological Sciences (J.T.B.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington. Dr. Luo is currently with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Sharma JC, Lewis A. Weight in Parkinson's Disease: Phenotypical Significance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 134:891-919. [PMID: 28805588 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Body weight in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant nonmotor feature. Weight homeostasis is a complex physiological process and gets deranged in PD patients leading to changes in weight. While both the low and high body weight have been reported as risk factors for PD, the majority of PD patients have a lower weight and a subset of patients lose weight during the course of the disease, while a small proportion gain weight. A number of clinical parameters such as older age, impaired cognition, severity of disease, and an imbalance of food intake determined by satiety and hunger hormones have been reported to be associated with but not the cause of weight change. Low body weight and weight loss have a negative impact on disease severity, dyskinesia quality of life, and mortality indicative of disease progression. An early assessment of olfactory impairment seems to identify patients at risk of weight loss, the patients with more severe olfactory loss-anosmic group, lose weight as compared to the patients with some preservation of olfaction, the hyposmic group. Higher levodopa dose per kilogram body weight increases the risk of dyskinesia, higher body weight seems to be protective against this complication. The identification of PD patients according to the nonmotor phenotype of "Park-olfaction-weight-phenotype" and the "olfaction-weight-dyskinesia" triad should help to develop strategies to prevent weight reduction and improve general health and complications of PD patients. The phenotype seems to reflect a differential prodromal pathology and influence clinical disease. Higher body weight patients would benefit from life style changes to achieve a healthy profile. Weight monitoring and weight orientated approach to management of PD patients should help to improve their outcome. Body weight change might be a surrogate to disease progression and may be used to investigate neuroprotection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish C Sharma
- Geriatric Medicine (Movement Disorders), Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, United Kingdom; University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Lewis
- Geriatric Medicine (Movement Disorders), Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, United Kingdom; University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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Jang Y, Lee MJ, Han J, Kim SJ, Ryu I, Ju X, Ryu MJ, Chung W, Oh E, Kweon GR, Heo JY. A High-fat Diet Induces a Loss of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuronal Function That Underlies Motor Abnormalities. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:104-112. [PMID: 28442947 PMCID: PMC5403908 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement defects in obesity are associated with peripheral muscle defects, arthritis, and dysfunction of motor control by the brain. Although movement functionality is negatively correlated with obesity, the brain regions and downstream signaling pathways associated with movement defects in obesity are unclear. A dopaminergic neuronal pathway from the substantia nigra (SN) to the striatum is responsible for regulating grip strength and motor initiation through tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity-dependent dopamine release. We found that mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited decreased movement in open-field tests and an increase in missteps in a vertical grid test compared with normally fed mice. This motor abnormality was associated with a significant reduction of TH in the SN and striatum. We further found that phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which modulates TH expression in the SN and striatum, was decreased under excess-energy conditions. Our findings suggest that high calorie intake impairs motor function through JNK-dependent dysregulation of TH in the SN and striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseon Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Min Joung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ilhwan Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Xianshu Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Woosuk Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Eungseok Oh
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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De Pablo-Fernández E, Breen DP, Bouloux PM, Barker RA, Foltynie T, Warner TT. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:176-185. [PMID: 27799297 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine abnormalities are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and include disruption of melatonin secretion, disturbances of glucose, insulin resistance and bone metabolism, and body weight changes. They have been associated with multiple non-motor symptoms in PD and have important clinical consequences, including therapeutics. Some of the underlying mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD and represent promising targets for the development of disease biomarkers and neuroprotective therapies. In this systems-based review, we describe clinically relevant neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease to highlight their role in overall phenotype. We discuss pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions based on the current evidence. We also review recent advances in the field, focusing on the potential targets for development of neuroprotective drugs in Parkinson's disease and suggest future areas for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De Pablo-Fernández
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David P Breen
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pierre M Bouloux
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Relationship Between Obesity, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease: an Astrocentric View. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7096-7115. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ascherio A, Schwarzschild MA. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:1257-1272. [PMID: 27751556 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1058] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since 2006, several longitudinal studies have assessed environmental or behavioural factors that seem to modify the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Increased risk of Parkinson's disease has been associated with exposure to pesticides, consumption of dairy products, history of melanoma, and traumatic brain injury, whereas a reduced risk has been reported in association with smoking, caffeine consumption, higher serum urate concentrations, physical activity, and use of ibuprofen and other common medications. Randomised trials are investigating the possibility that some of the negative risk factors might be neuroprotective and thus beneficial in individuals with early Parkinson's disease, particularly with respect to smoking (nicotine), caffeine, and urate. In the future, it might be possible to identify Parkinson's disease in its prodromal phase and to promote neuroprotective interventions before the onset of motor symptoms. At this time, however, the only intervention that seems justifiable for the primary prevention of Parkinson's disease is the promotion of physical activity, which is likely to be beneficial for the prevention of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ascherio
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wills AMA, Pérez A, Wang J, Su X, Morgan J, Rajan SS, Leehey MA, Pontone GM, Chou KL, Umeh C, Mari Z, Boyd J. Association Between Change in Body Mass Index, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Scores, and Survival Among Persons With Parkinson Disease: Secondary Analysis of Longitudinal Data From NINDS Exploratory Trials in Parkinson Disease Long-term Study 1. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73:321-8. [PMID: 26751506 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Greater body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) is associated with improved survival among persons with Huntington disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Weight loss is common among persons with Parkinson disease (PD) and is associated with worse quality of life. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between change in BMI, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor and total scores, and survival among persons with PD and to test whether there is a positive association between BMI at randomization and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Secondary analysis (from May 27, 2014, to October 13, 2015) of longitudinal data (3-6 years) from 1673 participants who started the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Exploratory Trials in PD Long-term Study-1 (NET-PD LS-1). This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of creatine monohydrate (10 g/d) that was performed at 45 sites throughout the United States and Canada. Participants with early (within 5 years of diagnosis) and treated (receiving dopaminergic therapy) PD were enrolled from March 2007 to May 2010 and followed up until September 2013. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change across time in motor UPDRS score, change across time in total UPDRS score, and time to death. Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the effect of BMI on the change in motor and total UPDRS scores after controlling for covariates. Survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models of time to death. A participant's BMI was measured at randomization, and BMI trajectory groups were classified according to whether participants experienced weight loss ("decreasing BMI"), weight stability ("stable BMI"), or weight gain ("increasing BMI") during the study. RESULTS Of the 1673 participants (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [9.6] years; 1074 [64.2%] were male), 158 (9.4%) experienced weight loss (decreasing BMI), whereas 233 (13.9%) experienced weight gain (increasing BMI). After adjusting for covariates, we found that the weight-loss group's mean (SE) motor UPDRS score increased by 1.48 (0.28) (P < .001) more points per visit than the weight-stable group's mean (SE) motor UPDRS score. The weight-gain group's mean (SE) motor UPDRS score decreased by -0.51 (0.24) (P = .03) points per visit, relative to the weight-stable group. While there was an unadjusted difference in survival between the 3 BMI trajectory groups (log-rank P < .001), this was not significant after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Change in BMI was inversely associated with change in motor and total UPDRS scores in the NET-PD LS-1. Change in BMI was not associated with survival; however, these results were limited by the low number of deaths in the NET-PD LS-1. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00449865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie A Wills
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston UTHealth, School of Public Health, Austin
| | - Jue Wang
- UTHealth, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Xiao Su
- UTHealth, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston
| | - John Morgan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta
| | - Suja S Rajan
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston UTHealth, School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Maureen A Leehey
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Hospital and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Gregory M Pontone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelvin L Chou
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Chizoba Umeh
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zoltan Mari
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Boyd
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
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Procaccini C, Santopaolo M, Faicchia D, Colamatteo A, Formisano L, de Candia P, Galgani M, De Rosa V, Matarese G. Role of metabolism in neurodegenerative disorders. Metabolism 2016; 65:1376-90. [PMID: 27506744 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increase in life expectancy over the last century, the prevalence of age-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases continues to rise. This is the case of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases and Multiple sclerosis, which are chronic disorders characterized by neuronal loss in motor, sensory or cognitive systems. Accumulating evidence has suggested the presence of a strong correlation between metabolic changes and neurodegeneration. Indeed epidemiologic studies have shown strong associations between obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration, while animal models have provided insights into the complex relationships between these conditions. In this context, hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin and IGF-1 seem to play a key role in the regulation of neuronal damage, toxic insults and several other neurodegenerative processes. This review aims to presenting the most recent evidence supporting the crosstalk linking energy metabolism and neurodegeneration, and will focus on metabolic manipulation as a possible therapeutic tool in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Unità di NeuroImmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Divisione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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Lima LCF, Saliba SW, Andrade JMO, Cunha ML, Cassini-Vieira P, Feltenberger JD, Barcelos LS, Guimarães ALS, de-Paula AMB, de Oliveira ACP, Santos SHS. Neurodegeneration Alters Metabolic Profile and Sirt 1 Signaling in High-Fat-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3465-3475. [PMID: 27181590 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different factors may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, metabolic syndrome (MS), which has reached epidemic proportions, has emerged as a potential element that may be involved in neurodegeneration. Furthermore, studies have shown the importance of the sirtuin family in neuronal survival and MS, which opens the possibility of new pharmacological targets. This study investigates the influence of sirtuin metabolic pathways by examining the functional capacities of glucose-induced obesity in an excitotoxic state induced by a quinolinic acid (QA) animal model. Mice were divided into two groups that received different diets for 8 weeks: one group received a regular diet, and the other group received a high-fat diet (HF) to induce MS. The animals were submitted to a stereotaxic surgery and subdivided into four groups: Standard (ST), Standard-QA (ST-QA), HF and HF-QA. The QA groups were given a 250 nL quinolinic acid injection in the right striatum and PBS was injected in the other groups. Obese mice presented with a weight gain of 40 % more than the ST group beyond acquiring an insulin resistance. QA induced motor impairment and neurodegeneration in both ST-QA and HF-QA, although no difference was observed between these groups. The HF-QA group showed a reduction in adiposity when compared with the groups that received PBS. Therefore, the HF-QA group demonstrated a commitment-dependent metabolic pathway. The results suggest that an obesogenic diet does not aggravate the neurodegeneration induced by QA. However, the excitotoxicity induced by QA promotes a sirtuin pathway impairment that contributes to metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ceotto Freitas Lima
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Soraya Wilke Saliba
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luisa Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Puebla Cassini-Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Health Science Post-graduate Program, UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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Libertini G, Ferrara N. Aging of perennial cells and organ parts according to the programmed aging paradigm. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:35. [PMID: 26957493 PMCID: PMC5005898 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
If aging is a physiological phenomenon-as maintained by the programmed aging paradigm-it must be caused by specific genetically determined and regulated mechanisms, which must be confirmed by evidence. Within the programmed aging paradigm, a complete proposal starts from the observation that cells, tissues, and organs show continuous turnover: As telomere shortening determines both limits to cell replication and a progressive impairment of cellular functions, a progressive decline in age-related fitness decline (i.e., aging) is a clear consequence. Against this hypothesis, a critic might argue that there are cells (most types of neurons) and organ parts (crystalline core and tooth enamel) that have no turnover and are subject to wear or manifest alterations similar to those of cells with turnover. In this review, it is shown how cell types without turnover appear to be strictly dependent on cells subjected to turnover. The loss or weakening of the functions fulfilled by these cells with turnover, due to telomere shortening and turnover slowing, compromises the vitality of the served cells without turnover. This determines well-known clinical manifestations, which in their early forms are described as distinct diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, age-related macular degeneration, etc.). Moreover, for the two organ parts (crystalline core and tooth enamel) without viable cells or any cell turnover, it is discussed how this is entirely compatible with the programmed aging paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Libertini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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