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Shan Y, Hou B, Wang J, Chen A, Liu S. Exploring the role of exosomal MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385950. [PMID: 38566996 PMCID: PMC10985148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE), a significant contributor to maternal and neonatal mortality globally, is poorly understood despite substantial research. This review explores the involvement of exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) in PE, focusing on their impact on the protein kinase B (AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway as well as endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Specifically, this article amalgamates existing evidence to reveal the pivotal role of exomiRs in regulating mesenchymal stem cell and trophoblast function, placental angiogenesis, the renin-angiotensin system, and nitric oxide production, which may contribute to PE etiology. This review emphasizes the limited knowledge regarding the role of exomiRs in PE while underscoring the potential of exomiRs as non-invasive biomarkers for PE diagnosis, prediction, and treatment. Further, it provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of PE, highlighting exomiRs as key players with clinical implications, warranting further exploration to enhance the current understanding and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingli Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Podinić T, MacAndrew A, Raha S. Trophoblast Syncytialization: A Metabolic Crossroads. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:101-125. [PMID: 37996675 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During placentation, villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) stem cells proliferate and fuse, giving rise to the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB), which represents the terminally differentiated villous layer as well as the maternal-fetal interface. The syncytiotrophoblast is at the forefront of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange while also harboring essential endocrine functions to support pregnancy and fetal development. Considering that mitochondrial dynamics and respiration have been implicated in stem cell fate decisions of several cell types and that the placenta is a mitochondria-rich organ, we will highlight the role of mitochondria in facilitating trophoblast differentiation and maintaining trophoblast function. We discuss both the process of syncytialization and the distinct metabolic characteristics associated with CTB and STB sub-lineages prior to and during syncytialization. As mitochondrial respiration is tightly coupled to redox homeostasis, we emphasize the adaptations of mitochondrial respiration to the hypoxic placental environment. Furthermore, we highlight the critical role of mitochondria in conferring the steroidogenic potential of the STB following differentiation. Ultimately, mitochondrial function and morphological changes centrally regulate respiration and influence trophoblast fate decisions through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose levels modulate the transcriptional activation or suppression of pluripotency or commitment genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Podinić
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andie MacAndrew
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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3
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Minisini M, Cricchi E, Brancolini C. Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 38276269 PMCID: PMC10821055 DOI: 10.3390/life14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
O2 is essential for the life of eukaryotic cells. The ability to sense oxygen availability and initiate a response to adapt the cell to changes in O2 levels is a fundamental achievement of evolution. The key switch for adaptation consists of the transcription factors HIF1A, HIF2A and HIF3A. Their levels are tightly controlled by O2 through the involvement of the oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs/EGNLs), the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein (pVHL) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, HIF1A and HIF2A are also under the control of additional post-translational modifications (PTMs) that positively or negatively regulate the activities of these transcription factors. This review focuses mainly on two PTMs of HIF1A and HIF2A: phosphorylation and acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Brancolini
- Lab of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.M.); (E.C.)
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4
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Gu M, Chen P, Zeng D, Jiang X, Lv Q, Li Y, Zhang F, Wan S, Zhou Q, Lu Y, Wang X, Li L. Preeclampsia impedes foetal kidney development by delivering placenta-derived exosomes to glomerular endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:336. [PMID: 37996949 PMCID: PMC10666440 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foetal renal dysplasia is still the main cause of adult renal disease. Placenta-derived exosomes are an important communication tool, and they may play an important role in placental (both foetal and maternal) function. We hypothesize that in women with preeclampsia, foetal renal dysplasia is impeded by delivering placenta-derived exosomes to glomerular endothelial cells. METHODS In the present study, we established a PE trophoblast oxidative stress model to isolate exosomes from supernatants by ultracentrifugation (NO-exo and H/R-exo) and collected normal and PE umbilical cord blood plasma to isolate exosomes by ultracentrifugation combined with sucrose density gradient centrifugation (N-exo and PE-exo), then we investigated their effects on foetal kidney development by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. RESULTS The PE trophoblast oxidative stress model was established successfully. After that, in in vitro studies, we found that H/R-exo and PE-exo could adversely affect glomerular endothelial cell proliferation, tubular formation, migration, and barrier functions. In ex vivo studies, H/R-exo and PE-exo both inhibited the growth and branch formation of kidney explants, along with the decrease of VE-cadherin and Occludin. In in vivo studies, we also found that H/R-exo and PE-exo could result in renal dysplasia, reduced glomerular number, and reduced barrier function in foetal mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrated that PE placenta-derived exosomes could lead to foetal renal dysplasia by delivering placenta-derived exosomes to foetal glomerular endothelial cells, which provides a novel understanding of the pathogenesis of foetal renal dysplasia. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Pengzheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qingfeng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 328 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250025, Shandong, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Wątroba M, Szewczyk G, Szukiewicz D. The Role of Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Human Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16210. [PMID: 38003402 PMCID: PMC10671790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, especially SIRT1, play a significant role in regulating inflammatory response, autophagy, and cell response to oxidative stress. Since their discovery, sirtuins have been regarded as anti-ageing and longevity-promoting enzymes. Sirtuin-regulated processes seem to participate in the most prevalent placental pathologies, such as pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, more and more research studies indicate that SIRT1 may prevent pre-eclampsia development or at least alleviate its manifestations. Having considered this, we reviewed recent studies on the role of sirtuins, especially SIRT1, in processes determining normal or abnormal development and functioning of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (G.S.)
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Ohyama N, Furugen A, Sawada R, Aoyagi R, Nishimura A, Umazume T, Narumi K, Kobayashi M. Effects of valproic acid on syncytialization in human placental trophoblast cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116611. [PMID: 37385477 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a critical organ for fetal development and a healthy pregnancy, and has multifaceted functions (e.g., substance exchange and hormone secretion). Syncytialization of trophoblasts is important for maintaining placental functions. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the influence of antiepileptic drugs, including valproic acid (VPA), carbamazepine, lamotrigine, gabapentin, levetiracetam, topiramate, lacosamide, and clobazam, at clinically relevant concentrations on syncytialization using in vitro models of trophoblasts. To induce differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast-like cells, BeWo cells were treated with forskolin. Exposure to VPA was found to dose-dependently influence syncytialization-associated genes (ERVW-1, ERVFRD-1, GJA1, CGB, CSH, SLC1A5, and ABCC4) in differentiated BeWo cells. Herein, the biomarkers between differentiated BeWo cells and the human trophoblast stem model (TSCT) were compared. In particular, MFSD2A levels were low in BeWo cells but abundant in TSCT cells. VPA exposure affected the expression of ERVW-1, ERVFRD-1, GJA1, CSH, MFSD2A, and ABCC4 in differentiated cells (ST-TSCT). Furthermore, VPA exposure attenuated BeWo and TSCT cell fusion. Finally, the relationships between neonatal/placental parameters and the expression of syncytialization markers in human term placentas were analyzed. MFSD2A expression was positively correlated with neonatal body weight, head circumference, chest circumference, and placental weight. Our findings have important implications for better understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of antiepileptic drugs and predicting the risks to placental and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Ohyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Riko Sawada
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aoyagi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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7
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Gualdoni GS, Barril C, Jacobo PV, Pacheco Rodríguez LN, Cebral E. Involvement of metalloproteinase and nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide mechanisms in early decidual angiogenesis-vascularization of normal and experimental pathological mouse placenta related to maternal alcohol exposure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1207671. [PMID: 37670932 PMCID: PMC10476144 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1207671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy for optimal fetal growth requires adequate early angiogenesis and remodeling of decidual spiral arterioles during placentation. Prior to the initiation of invasion and endothelial replacement by trophoblasts, interactions between decidual stromal cells and maternal leukocytes, such as uterine natural killer cells and macrophages, play crucial roles in the processes of early maternal vascularization, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, differentiation, and matrix and vessel remodeling. These placental angiogenic events are highly dependent on the coordination of several mechanisms at the early maternal-fetal interface, and one of them is the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and endothelial nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). Inadequate balances of MMPs and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in several placentopathies and pregnancy complications. Since alcohol consumption during gestation can affect fetal growth associated with abnormal placental development, recently, we showed, in a mouse model, that perigestational alcohol consumption up to organogenesis induces fetal malformations related to deficient growth and vascular morphogenesis of the placenta at term. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the early processes of maternal vascularization that lead to the formation of the definitive placenta and the roles of angiogenic MMP and NOS/NO mechanisms during normal and altered early gestation in mice. Then, we propose hypothetical defective decidual cellular and MMP and NOS/NO mechanisms involved in abnormal decidual vascularization induced by perigestational alcohol consumption in an experimental mouse model. This review highlights the important roles of decidual cells and their MMP and NOS balances in the physiological and pathophysiological early maternal angiogenesis-vascularization during placentation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Cebral
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Fisiología Materno-Embrionaria, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Jaremek A, Shaha S, Jeyarajah MJ, Jaju Bhattad G, Chowdhury D, Riddell M, Renaud SJ. Genome-Wide Analysis of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Binding Reveals Targets Implicated in Impaired Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast Formation under Low Oxygen. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:846-865. [PMID: 37028593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a common and serious complication of pregnancy with no cure except premature delivery. The root cause of PE is improper development of the placenta-the temporary organ supporting fetal growth and development. Continuous formation of the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) layer via differentiation and fusion of cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) is vital for healthy placentation and is impaired in preeclamptic pregnancies. In PE, there is reduced/intermittent placental perfusion, likely resulting in a persistently low O2 environment. Low O2 inhibits differentiation and fusion of CTBs into STB and may thus contribute to PE pathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Because low O2 activates a transcription factor complex in cells known as the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), the objective of this study was to investigate whether HIF signaling inhibits STB formation by regulating genes required for this process. Culture of primary CTBs, the CTB-like cell line BeWo, and human trophoblast stem cells under low O2 reduced cell fusion and differentiation into STB. Knockdown of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (a key component of the HIF complex) in BeWo cells restored syncytialization and expression of STB-associated genes under different O2 levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing facilitated the identification of global aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator/HIF binding sites, including several near genes implicated in STB development, such as ERVH48-1 and BHLHE40, providing new insights into mechanisms underlying pregnancy diseases linked to poor placental O2 supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jaremek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumaiyah Shaha
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gargi Jaju Bhattad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diba Chowdhury
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan Riddell
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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9
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Kou J, Yuan E, Yan G. Association between HIF-1α, BNIP3, and autophagy in the chorionic villi of missed abortion. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023. [PMID: 37150840 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of autophagy mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/BNIP3 signaling pathway in villus tissues of missed abortion and HTR-8/SVneo cells and to elucidate the association of HIF-1α and BNIP3 in autophagy of missed abortion. METHODS Villus tissues from 30 healthy women with induced abortion and 35 patients with missed abortion were collected, and HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured under hypoxia and transfected with HIF-1α-siRNA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to measure the mRNA levels of HIF-1α and BNIP3; Western blotting was performed to determine the protein levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, LC3 II/I, and Beclin 1 in villus tissues and HTR-8/SVneo cells. Cellular invasion activity was detected by transwell matrigel assay. The level of autophagy was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of autophagosome formation. RESULTS The mRNA levels of HIF-1α and BNIP3 were significantly lower in the missed abortion villi than in the induced abortion samples. The protein levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin 1, and LC3II/I were significantly decreased in villus tissues from missed abortion, and autophagosomes were significantly decreased in villus tissues from missed abortion. Under hypoxia, the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and BNIP3 was inhibited after silencing HIF-1α by RNAi, while the protein expression of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin1, and LC3II/I was significantly downregulated. The number of invading cells was significantly decreased, and autophagosomes were significantly decreased after silencing HIF-1α by RNAi in HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy mediated by the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway in villous trophoblast cells may be associated with the progression and development of missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Kou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Enwu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangwei Yan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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10
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Bueno-Sánchez JC, Gómez-Gutiérrez AM, Maldonado-Estrada JG, Quintana-Castillo JC. Expression of placental glycans and its role in regulating peripheral blood NK cells during preeclampsia: a perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087845. [PMID: 37206444 PMCID: PMC10190602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related multisystem disorder characterized by altered trophoblast invasion, oxidative stress, exacerbation of systemic inflammatory response, and endothelial damage. The pathogenesis includes hypertension and mild-to-severe microangiopathy in the kidney, liver, placenta, and brain. The main mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis have been proposed to limit trophoblast invasion and increase the release of extracellular vesicles from the syncytiotrophoblast into the maternal circulation, exacerbating the systemic inflammatory response. The placenta expresses glycans as part of its development and maternal immune tolerance during gestation. The expression profile of glycans at the maternal-fetal interface may play a fundamental role in physiological pregnancy changes and disorders such as preeclampsia. It is unclear whether glycans and their lectin-like receptors are involved in the mechanisms of maternal-fetal recognition by immune cells during pregnancy homeostasis. The expression profile of glycans appears to be altered in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which could lead to alterations in the placental microenvironment and vascular endothelium in pregnancy conditions such as preeclampsia. Glycans with immunomodulatory properties at the maternal-fetal interface are altered in early-onset severe preeclampsia, implying that innate immune system components, such as NK cells, exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response observed in preeclampsia. In this article, we discuss the evidence for the role of glycans in gestational physiology and the perspective of glycobiology on the pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Bueno-Sánchez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares en Trastornos del Embarazo (RIVATREM), Chillan, Chile
| | - Alejandra M. Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan G. Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research & Development (OHVRI) Research Group, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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11
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Zhou H, Zhao C, Wang P, Yang W, Zhu H, Zhang S. Regulators involved in trophoblast syncytialization in the placenta of intrauterine growth restriction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1107182. [PMID: 36798658 PMCID: PMC9927020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental dysfunction refers to the insufficiency of placental perfusion and chronic hypoxia during early pregnancy, which impairs placental function and causes inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, affecting fetal development and health. Fetal intrauterine growth restriction, one of the most common outcomes of pregnancy-induced hypertensions, can be caused by placental dysfunction, resulting from deficient trophoblast syncytialization, inadequate trophoblast invasion and impaired vascular remodeling. During placental development, cytotrophoblasts fuse to form a multinucleated syncytia barrier, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to meet the metabolic demands for fetal growth. A reduction in the cell fusion index and the number of nuclei in the syncytiotrophoblast are found in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by IUGR, suggesting that the occurrence of IUGR may be related to inadequate trophoblast syncytialization. During the multiple processes of trophoblasts syncytialization, specific proteins and several signaling pathways are involved in coordinating these events and regulating placental function. In addition, epigenetic modifications, cell metabolism, senescence, and autophagy are also involved. Study findings have indicated several abnormally expressed syncytialization-related proteins and signaling pathways in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by IUGR, suggesting that these elements may play a crucial role in the occurrence of IUGR. In this review, we discuss the regulators of trophoblast syncytialization and their abnormal expression in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Zhou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiong Zhao
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peixin Wang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Songying Zhang, ; Haiyan Zhu,
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Songying Zhang, ; Haiyan Zhu,
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12
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Salmeri N, Carbone IF, Cavoretto PI, Farina A, Morano D. Epigenetics Beyond Fetal Growth Restriction: A Comprehensive Overview. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:607-626. [PMID: 36028645 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction is a pathological condition occurring when the fetus does not reach the genetically determined growth potential. The etiology of fetal growth restriction is expected to be multifactorial and include fetal, maternal, and placental factors, the latter being the most frequent cause of isolated fetal growth restriction. Severe fetal growth restriction has been related to both an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and also a greater susceptibility to developing diseases (especially cardio-metabolic and neurological disorders) later in life. In the last decade, emerging evidence has supported the hypothesis of the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease, which states that individual developmental 'programming' takes place via a delicate fine tuning of fetal genetic and epigenetic marks in response to a large variety of 'stressor' exposures during pregnancy. As the placenta is the maternal-fetal interface, it has a crucial role in fetal programming, such that any perturbation altering placental function interferes with both in-utero fetal growth and also with the adult life phenotype. Several epigenetic mechanisms have been highlighted in modulating the dynamic placental epigenome, including alterations in DNA methylation status, post-translational modification of histones, and non-coding RNAs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the available literature on the epigenetic background of fetal growth restriction. A targeted research strategy was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane Library up to January 2022. A detailed and fully referenced synthesis of available literature following the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles guidelines is provided. A variety of epigenetic marks predominantly interfering with placental development, function, and metabolism were found to be potentially associated with fetal growth restriction. Available evidence on the role of environmental exposures in shaping the placental epigenome and the fetal phenotype were also critically discussed. Because of the highly dynamic crosstalk between epigenetic mechanisms and the extra level of complexity in interpreting the final placental transcriptome, a full comprehension of these phenomenon is still lacking and advances in multi-omics approaches are urgently needed. Elucidating the role of epigenetics in the developmental origins of health and disease represents a new challenge for the coming years, with the goal of providing early interventions and prevention strategies and, hopefully, new treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Salmeri
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilma Floriana Carbone
- Unit of Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Mangiagalli Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ivo Cavoretto
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Farina
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), IRCCS Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Danila Morano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Kojima J, Ono M, Kuji N, Nishi H. Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148003. [PMID: 35887349 PMCID: PMC9325306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-embryonic tissues that develop rapidly and dynamically in the first weeks of pregnancy. It is primarily composed of trophoblasts that differentiate into villi, stromal cells, macrophages, and fetal endothelial cells (FEC). Placental differentiation may be closely related to perinatal diseases, including fetal growth retardation (FGR) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and miscarriage. There are limited findings regarding human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development because conducting in vivo studies is extremely difficult. Placental tissue varies widely among species. Thus, experimental animal findings are difficult to apply to humans. Early villous differentiation is difficult to study due to the small tissue size; however, a detailed analysis can potentially elucidate perinatal disease causes or help develop novel therapies. Artificial induction of early villous differentiation using human embryonic stem (ES) cells/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was attempted, producing normally differentiated villi that can be used for interventional/invasive research. Here, we summarized and correlated early villous differentiation findings and discussed clinical diseases.
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14
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Physiological Function of the Dynamic Oxygen Signaling Pathway at the Maternal-fetal Interface. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 151:103626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Gualdoni GS, Jacobo PV, Barril C, Ventureira MR, Cebral E. Early Abnormal Placentation and Evidence of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor System Dysregulation at the Feto-Maternal Interface After Periconceptional Alcohol Consumption. Front Physiol 2022; 12:815760. [PMID: 35185604 PMCID: PMC8847216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.815760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate placentation, placental tissue remodeling and vascularization is essential for the success of gestation and optimal fetal growth. Recently, it was suggested that abnormal placenta induced by maternal alcohol consumption may participate in fetal growth restriction and relevant clinical manifestations of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Particularly, periconceptional alcohol consumption up to early gestation can alter placentation and angiogenesis that persists in pregnancy beyond the exposure period. Experimental evidence suggests that abnormal placenta following maternal alcohol intake is associated with insufficient vascularization and defective trophoblast development, growth and function in early gestation. Accumulated data indicate that impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system, including their downstream effectors, the nitric oxide (NO) and metalloproteinases (MMPs), is a pivotal spatio-temporal altered mechanism underlying the early placental vascular alterations induced by maternal alcohol consumption. In this review we propose that the periconceptional alcohol intake up to early organogenesis (first trimester) alters the VEGF-NO-MMPs system in trophoblastic-decidual tissues, generating imbalances in the trophoblastic proliferation/apoptosis, insufficient trophoblastic development, differentiation and migration, deficient labyrinthine vascularization, and uncompleted remodelation and transformation of decidual spiral arterioles. Consequently, abnormal placenta with insufficiency blood perfusion, vasoconstriction and reduced labyrinthine blood exchange can be generated. Herein, we review emerging knowledge of abnormal placenta linked to pregnancy complications and FASD produced by gestational alcohol ingestion and provide evidence of the early abnormal placental angiogenesis-vascularization and growth associated to decidual-trophoblastic dysregulation of VEGF system after periconceptional alcohol consumption up to mid-gestation, in a mouse model.
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16
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Abele AN, Taglauer ES, Almeda M, Wilson N, Abikoye A, Seedorf GJ, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S, Abman SH. Antenatal mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicle treatment preserves lung development in a model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to chorioamnionitis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L179-L190. [PMID: 34878940 PMCID: PMC8782653 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00329.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenatal stressors such as chorioamnionitis (CA) increase the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Studies have shown that experimental BPD can be ameliorated by postnatal treatment with mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEx). However, the antenatal efficacy of MEx to prevent BPD is unknown. To determine whether antenatal MEx therapy attenuates intrauterine inflammation and preserves lung growth in a rat model of CA-induced BPD. At embryonic day (E)20, rat litters were treated with intra-amniotic injections of saline, endotoxin (ETX) to model chorioamnionitis, MEx, or ETX plus MEx followed by cesarean section delivery with placental harvest at E22. Placental and lung evaluations were conducted at day 0 and day 14, respectively. To assess the effects of ETX and MEx on lung growth in vitro, E15 lung explants were imaged for distal branching. Placental tissues from ETX-exposed pregnancies showed increased expression of inflammatory markers NLRP-3 and IL-1ß and altered spiral artery morphology. In addition, infant rats exposed to intrauterine ETX had reduced alveolarization and pulmonary vessel density (PVD), increased right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and decreased lung mechanics. Intrauterine MEx therapy of ETX-exposed pups reduced inflammatory cytokines, normalized spiral artery architecture, and preserved distal lung growth and mechanics. In vitro studies showed that MEx treatment enhanced distal lung branching and increased VEGF and SPC gene expression. Antenatal MEx treatment preserved distal lung growth and reduced intrauterine inflammation in a model of CA-induced BPD. We speculate that MEx may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent BPD due to antenatal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N Abele
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth S Taglauer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, University School of Medicine Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Noah Wilson
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | | | - Gregory J Seedorf
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven H Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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17
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Epigenetic processes during preeclampsia and effects on fetal development and chronic health. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2307-2327. [PMID: 34643675 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, is associated with poor fetal growth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight (LBW). Offspring of women who had PE are at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease later in life. However, the exact etiology of PE is unknown. Moreover, there are no effective interventions to treat PE or alleviate IUGR and the developmental origins of chronic disease in the offspring. The placenta is critical to fetal growth and development. Epigenetic regulatory processes such as histone modifications, microRNAs and DNA methylation play an important role in placental development including contributions to the regulation of trophoblast invasion and remodeling of the spiral arteries. Epigenetic processes that lead to changes in placental gene expression in PE mediate downstream effects that contribute to the development of placenta dysfunction, a critical mediator in the onset of PE, impaired fetal growth and IUGR. Therefore, this review will focus on epigenetic processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of PE and IUGR. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to normal placental development and the initiating events in PE may lead to novel therapeutic targets in PE that improve fetal growth and mitigate increased CV risk in the offspring.
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18
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The Impact of Hypoxia in Early Pregnancy on Placental Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189675. [PMID: 34575844 PMCID: PMC8466283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant, with severe hypoxic conditions present during the first trimester. This hypoxic phase overlaps with the most critical stages of placental development, i.e., blastocyst implantation, cytotrophoblast invasion, and spiral artery remodeling initiation. Dysregulation of any of these steps in early gestation can result in pregnancy loss and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hypoxia has been shown to regulate not only the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and progenitor cells, but also the recruitment, phenotype, and function of maternal immune cells. In this review, we will summarize how oxygen levels in early placental development determine the survival, fate, and function of several important cell types, e.g., trophoblast stem cells, extravillous trophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, uterine natural killer cells, Hofbauer cells, and decidual macrophages. We will also discuss the cellular mechanisms used to cope with low oxygen tensions, such as the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, regulation of the metabolic pathway, and adaptation to autophagy. Understanding the beneficial roles of hypoxia in early placental development will provide insights into the root cause(s) of some pregnancy disorders, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
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19
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Wang XH, Xu S, Zhou XY, Zhao R, Lin Y, Cao J, Zang WD, Tao H, Xu W, Li MQ, Zhao SM, Jin LP, Zhao JY. Low chorionic villous succinate accumulation associates with recurrent spontaneous abortion risk. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3428. [PMID: 34103526 PMCID: PMC8187647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated extravillous trophoblast invasion and proliferation are known to increase the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, in our retrospective observational case-control study we show that villous samples from RSA patients, compared to healthy controls, display reduced succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit (SDHB) DNA methylation, elevated SDHB expression, and reduced succinate levels, indicating that low succinate levels correlate with RSA. Moreover, we find high succinate levels in early pregnant women are correlated with successful embryo implantation. SDHB promoter methylation recruited MBD1 and excluded c-Fos, inactivating SDHB expression and causing intracellular succinate accumulation which mimicked hypoxia in extravillous trophoblasts cell lines JEG3 and HTR8 via the PHD2-VHL-HIF-1α pathway; however, low succinate levels reversed this effect and increased the risk of abortion in mouse model. This study reveals that abnormal metabolite levels inhibit extravillous trophoblast function and highlights an approach for RSA intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zang
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Munro SK, Balakrishnan B, Lissaman AC, Gujral P, Ponnampalam AP. Cytokines and pregnancy: Potential regulation by histone deacetylases. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:321-337. [PMID: 33904218 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are important regulators of pregnancy and parturition. Aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines during pregnancy contributes towards preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The regulation of cytokine expression in human cells is highly complex, involving interactions between environment, transcription factors, and feedback mechanisms. Recent developments in epigenetic research have made tremendous advancements in exploring histone modifications as a key epigenetic regulator of cytokine expression and the effect of their signaling molecules on various organ systems in the human body. Histone acetylation and subsequent deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) are major epigenetic regulators of protein expression in the human body. The expression of various proinflammatory cytokines, their role in normal and abnormal pregnancy, and their epigenetic regulation via HDACs will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl K Munro
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abbey C Lissaman
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Palak Gujral
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Oliveira MDMS, Salgado CDM, Viana LR, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Pregnancy and Cancer: Cellular Biology and Mechanisms Affecting the Placenta. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1667. [PMID: 33916290 PMCID: PMC8037654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy is rarely studied due to its low incidence (1:1000). However, as a result of different sociocultural and economic changes, women are postponing pregnancy, so the number of pregnant women with cancer has been increasing in recent years. The importance of studying cancer during pregnancy is not only based on maternal and foetal prognosis, but also on the evolutionary mechanisms of the cell biology of trophoblasts and neoplastic cells, which point out similarities between and suggest new fields for the study of cancer. Moreover, the magnitude of how cancer factors can affect trophoblastic cells, and vice versa, in altering the foetus's nutrition and health is still a subject to be understood. In this context, the objective of this narrative review was to show that some researchers point out the importance of supplementing branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, in experimental models of pregnancy associated with women with cancer. A leucine-rich diet may be an interesting strategy to preserve physiological placenta metabolism for protecting the mother and foetus from the harmful effects of cancer during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lais Rosa Viana
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil; (M.d.M.S.O.); (C.d.M.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil; (M.d.M.S.O.); (C.d.M.S.)
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22
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Cristancho AG, Marsh ED. Epigenetics modifiers: potential hub for understanding and treating neurodevelopmental disorders from hypoxic injury. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:37. [PMID: 33327934 PMCID: PMC7745506 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetal brain is adapted to the hypoxic conditions present during normal in utero development. Relatively more hypoxic states, either chronic or acute, are pathologic and can lead to significant long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. In utero hypoxic injury is associated with neonatal mortality and millions of lives lived with varying degrees of disability. MAIN BODY Genetic studies of children with neurodevelopmental disease indicate that epigenetic modifiers regulating DNA methylation and histone remodeling are critical for normal brain development. Epigenetic modifiers are also regulated by environmental stimuli, such as hypoxia. Indeed, epigenetic modifiers that are mutated in children with genetic neurodevelopmental diseases are regulated by hypoxia in a number of preclinical models and may be part of the mechanism for the long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae seem in children with hypoxic brain injury. Thus, a comprehensive understanding the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in hypoxic injury is critical for developing novel strategies to treat children with hypoxic injury. CONCLUSIONS This review focuses on our current understanding of the intersection between epigenetics, brain development, and hypoxia. Opportunities for the use of epigenetics as biomarkers of neurodevelopmental disease after hypoxic injury and potential clinical epigenetics targets to improve outcomes after injury are also discussed. While there have been many published studies on the epigenetics of hypoxia, more are needed in the developing brain in order to determine which epigenetic pathways may be most important for mitigating the long-term consequences of hypoxic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Cristancho
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
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23
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Perigestational alcohol consumption induces altered early placentation and organogenic embryo growth restriction by disruption of trophoblast angiogenic factors. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 42:481-504. [PMID: 33549483 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Maternal alcohol consumption produces fetal retardation and malformations, probably associated with placental defects. Does perigestational alcohol consumption up to organogenesis lead to abnormal placentation and embryo growth restriction by disrupting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in embryo-placental development? DESIGN Female mice were treated with 10% ethanol in drinking water before and up to day 10 of gestation. Control mice received ethanol-free water. After treatment, the trophoblastic tissue, embryo growth and the angiogenic VEGF pathway were analysed. RESULTS Female mice who had received treatment had resorbed and delayed implantation sites with poor ectoplacental cone development. Reduced trophoblastic area tissue from female mice who had received treatment had abnormal junctional zone and diminished labyrinthine vascularization. After treatment, the labyrinth had increased chorionic trophoblast proliferation, hypoxia inducible factor-1α immunoexpression but reduced apoptosis. The embryo growth was reduced concomitantly with low VEGF immunostaining but high endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In junctional and labyrinth of treated female mice, gene and protein immunoexpression of VEGF was reduced and the protein expression of FLT-1 increased compared with controls. Increased activation of kinase insert domain receptor receptor (phosphorylated KDR) and expression of eNOS were observed in placenta of treated female mice. Immunoexpression of metalloproteinase-9, however, was reduced in junctional zone but increased in labyrinth, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal inadequate expression of VEGF/receptors and angiogenic eNOS and metalloproteinase factors related to abnormal early placentation after perigestational alcohol ingestion, providing insight into aetiological factors underlying early placentopathy associated with intrauterine growth restriction caused by maternal alcohol consumption.
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24
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Hirsch K, Taglauer E, Seedorf G, Callahan C, Mandell E, White CW, Kourembanas S, Abman SH. Perinatal Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Stabilization Preserves Lung Alveolar and Vascular Growth in Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1146-1158. [PMID: 32551816 PMCID: PMC7560790 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0601oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Antenatal inflammation with placental dysfunction is strongly associated with high bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk in preterm infants. Whether antenatal or postnatal HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) augmentation can preserve lung structure and function and prevent pulmonary hypertension after intrauterine inflammation is controversial.Objectives: To determine whether antenatal or postnatal prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHi) therapy increases lung HIF expression, preserves lung growth and function, and prevents pulmonary hypertension in a rat model of chorioamnionitis-induced BPD caused by antenatal inflammation.Methods: Endotoxin (ETX) was administered to pregnant rats by intraamniotic injection at Embryonic Day 20, and pups were delivered by cesarean section at Embryonic Day 22. Selective PHi drugs, dimethyloxalylglycine or GSK360A, were administered into the amniotic space at Embryonic Day 20 or after birth by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Placentas and lung tissue were collected at birth for morphometric and Western blot measurements of HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) protein contents. At Day 14, lung function was assessed, and tissues were harvested to determine alveolarization by radial alveolar counts, pulmonary vessel density, and right ventricle hypertrophy (RVH).Measurements and Main Results: Antenatal PHi therapy preserves lung alveolar and vascular growth and lung function and prevents RVH after intrauterine ETX exposure. Antenatal administration of PHi markedly upregulates lung HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF, and eNOS expression after ETX exposure.Conclusions: HIF augmentation improves lung structure and function, prevents RVH, and improves placental structure following antenatal ETX exposure. We speculate that antenatal or postnatal PHi therapy may provide novel strategies to prevent BPD due to antenatal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Hirsch
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Medical Student Research Track, School of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Division of Neonatology, Boston Children’s Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carly Callahan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Carl W. White
- Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Neonatology, Boston Children’s Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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25
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Colson A, Depoix CL, Baldin P, Hubinont C, Sonveaux P, Debiève F. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha impairs human cytotrophoblast syncytialization: New insights into placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction. FASEB J 2020; 34:15222-15235. [PMID: 32954526 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001681r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient remodeling of uterine arteries causes pregnancy-related diseases, including fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. In these situations, reduced maternal blood flow in the placenta is thought to be responsible for the persistence of a low oxygen environment throughout pregnancy. We hypothesized that chronic activation of transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) actively participates in placental underdevelopment, which impairs fetal growth. The computer-assisted analysis in pathological placentas revealed an increased number of HIF-2α-positive nuclei in the syncytium compared to normal human placentas, while HIF-1α stabilization was unchanged. Specific involvement of HIF-2α was confirmed in primary human cytotrophoblasts rendered deficient for HIF1A or HIF2A. Silencing HIF2A increased the expression of main syncytialization markers as well as differentiation and syncytium formation. It also improved placental growth factor bioavailability. None of these changes was seen when silencing HIF1A. Conversely, the experimental induction of HIF-2α expression repressed forskolin-induced differentiation in BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. Our mechanistic insights evidence that transcription factor HIF-2α impairs placental function, thus suggesting its participation in fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia when placentas become chronically hypoxic. Furthermore, it suggests the possibility to develop novel molecular targeting therapies for placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Colson
- Pole of Obstetrics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Louis Depoix
- Pole of Obstetrics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pamela Baldin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne Hubinont
- Pole of Obstetrics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Debiève
- Pole of Obstetrics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Chen Y, Liu M, Niu Y, Wang Y. Romance of the three kingdoms in hypoxia: HIFs, epigenetic regulators, and chromatin reprogramming. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:211-223. [PMID: 32931886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer. To cope with hypoxic conditions, tumor cells alter their transcriptional profiles mainly through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and epigenetic reprogramming. Hypoxia, in part through HIF-dependent mechanisms, influences the expression or activity of epigenetic regulators to control epigenetic reprogramming, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, which regulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression in cells. Conversely, epigenetic regulators and chromatin architecture can modulate the expression, stability, or transcriptional activity of HIF. Understanding the complex networks between HIFs, epigenetic regulators, and chromatin reprogramming in response to hypoxia will provide insight into the fundamental mechanism of transcriptional adaptation to hypoxia, and may help identify novel targets for future therapies. In this review, we will discuss the comprehensive relationship between HIFs, epigenetic regulators, and chromatin reprogramming under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yanling Niu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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27
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Jaju Bhattad G, Jeyarajah MJ, McGill MG, Dumeaux V, Okae H, Arima T, Lajoie P, Bérubé NG, Renaud SJ. Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 drive differentiation and fusion of progenitor cells in human placental trophoblasts. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:311. [PMID: 32366868 PMCID: PMC7198514 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell fusion occurs when several cells combine to form a multinuclear aggregate (syncytium). In human placenta, a syncytialized trophoblast (syncytiotrophoblast) layer forms the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue, facilitates nutrient and gas exchange, and produces hormones vital for pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast development occurs by differentiation of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts, which then fuse into the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Differentiation is associated with chromatin remodeling and specific changes in gene expression mediated, at least in part, by histone acetylation. However, the epigenetic regulation of human cytotrophoblast differentiation and fusion is poorly understood. In this study, we found that human syncytiotrophoblast development was associated with deacetylation of multiple core histone residues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed chromosomal regions that exhibit dynamic alterations in histone H3 acetylation during differentiation. These include regions containing genes classically associated with cytotrophoblast differentiation (TEAD4, TP63, OVOL1, CGB), as well as near genes with novel regulatory roles in trophoblast development and function, such as LHX4 and SYDE1. Prevention of histone deacetylation using both pharmacological and genetic approaches inhibited trophoblast fusion, supporting a critical role of this process for trophoblast differentiation. Finally, we identified the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC2 as the critical mediators driving cytotrophoblast differentiation. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying trophoblast fusion during human placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Jaju Bhattad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Megan G McGill
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dumeaux
- Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie G Bérubé
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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28
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Treissman J, Yuan V, Baltayeva J, Le HT, Castellana B, Robinson WP, Beristain AG. Low oxygen enhances trophoblast column growth by potentiating differentiation of the extravillous lineage and promoting LOX activity. Development 2020; 147:dev.181263. [PMID: 31871275 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early placental development and the establishment of the invasive trophoblast lineage take place within a low oxygen environment. However, conflicting and inconsistent findings have obscured the role of oxygen in regulating invasive trophoblast differentiation. In this study, the effect of hypoxic, normoxic and atmospheric oxygen on invasive extravillous pathway progression was examined using a human placental explant model. Here, we show that exposure to low oxygen enhances extravillous column outgrowth and promotes the expression of genes that align with extravillous trophoblast (EVT) lineage commitment. By contrast, supra-physiological atmospheric levels of oxygen promote trophoblast proliferation while simultaneously stalling EVT progression. Low oxygen-induced EVT differentiation coincided with elevated transcriptomic levels of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in trophoblast anchoring columns, in which functional experiments established a role for LOX activity in promoting EVT column outgrowth. The findings of this work support a role for low oxygen in potentiating the differentiation of trophoblasts along the extravillous pathway. In addition, these findings generate insight into new molecular processes controlled by oxygen during early placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Treissman
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Victor Yuan
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jennet Baltayeva
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hoa T Le
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Barbara Castellana
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
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29
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Takashima S, Watanabe C, Ema M, Mizutani KI. Interaction of the nervous system and vascular system is required for the proper assembly of the neocortex. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Apicella C, Ruano CSM, Méhats C, Miralles F, Vaiman D. The Role of Epigenetics in Placental Development and the Etiology of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112837. [PMID: 31212604 PMCID: PMC6600551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively present the function of epigenetic regulations in normal placental development as well as in a prominent disease of placental origin, preeclampsia (PE). We describe current progress concerning the impact of DNA methylation, non-coding RNA (with a special emphasis on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA)) and more marginally histone post-translational modifications, in the processes leading to normal and abnormal placental function. We also explore the potential use of epigenetic marks circulating in the maternal blood flow as putative biomarkers able to prognosticate the onset of PE, as well as classifying it according to its severity. The correlation between epigenetic marks and impacts on gene expression is systematically evaluated for the different epigenetic marks analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Camino S M Ruano
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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31
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Xie D, Zhu J, Liu Q, Li J, Song M, Wang K, Zhou Q, Jia Y, Li T. Dysregulation of HDAC9 Represses Trophoblast Cell Migration and Invasion Through TIMP3 Activation in Preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:515-523. [PMID: 30715128 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) is a common disease during pregnancy. It is generally accepted that PE is closely associated with shallow placenta implantation caused by the dysfunction of trophoblast cells. Trophoblasts have been recognized to share histological and behavioral characteristics with cancer cells, and many lines of evidence have emphasized that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are therapeutic targets for cancer treatment with the most promising. However, the roles of HDACs have not been well established in PE. The purpose of this study is investigating the expression of HDACs in preeclamptic placentas and to explore its roles in PE progression. METHODS Both mRNA and protein levels of HDAC9 were determined by q-RT-PCR and western blot in normal and preeclamptic placentas. The localization of HDAC9 was performed by immunohistochemistry. Trophoblast cell mobility and proliferation were determined by transwell and MTS assays, respectively. The histone acetylation levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) promoter were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) assay. RESULTS HDAC9 was downregulated in preeclamptic placentas compared with that in normal controls, and it was mainly localized in the nucleus of syncytiotrophoblast cells. HDAC9 knockdown in HTR-8/SVneo cells inhibited cell migration and invasion. The transcriptional level of TIMP3 was upregulated in HDAC9-knockdown HTR-8/SVneo cells because of promoter histone hyperacetylation. Importantly, HDAC9 downregulation can rescue the defects caused by HDAC9 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS HDAC9 promotes trophoblast cell migration and invasion by repressing TIMP3 through promoter histone hypoacetylation. Thus, the findings of our study suggest that dysregulated HDAC9 and TIMP3 are relevant to PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjiu Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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CD133+/C-kit+Lin - endothelial progenitor cells in fetal circulation demonstrate impaired differentiation potency in severe preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 15:146-153. [PMID: 30825912 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals delivered from preeclamptic pregnancies exhibit a long-term increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, likely caused by aberrant fetal cell reprogramming incurred in utero. The present study investigated the functional impairment and epigenetic changes exhibited by endothelial progenitor cells derived from offspring born to preeclamptic pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN The capacity of CD133+/C-kit+/Lin- (CKL-) human umbilical cord blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from gestationally matched normal and preeclamptic (n = 10 each) pregnancies to differentiate to form outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) was assessed by observing both their morphology, and the number and size of generated OECs colonies. Likewise, OECs angiogenic function was evaluated via migration, adhesion, and tube-formation assays. EPCs from preeclampsia were cultured in normal-, and preeclampsia-derived serum-conditioned media to assess the effects of environmental factors on EPC differentiation potency and OEC angiogenic function, and finally, EPCs H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 trimethylation levels were assayed. RESULTS The preeclampsia-derived CKL- EPCs exhibited decreased H3K4 and H3K9 trimethylation levels, significantly delayed differentiation times, and a significant reduction in both their number of generated OECs colonies, and exhibited reduced OECs migration, adhesion, and tube formation activities compared to those achieved by the normal-derived EPCs. Interestingly, the reduced differentiation potency of the preeclampsia-derived EPCs was not rescued via exposure to normal serum. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to preeclampsia significantly and irreversibly reduced CKL- EPC differentiation potency and OEC angiogenic function, likely reflecting incurred irreversible epigenetic changes.
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Natale BV, Mehta P, Vu P, Schweitzer C, Gustin K, Kotadia R, Natale DRC. Reduced Uteroplacental Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) causes altered trophoblast differentiation and pericyte reduction in the mouse placenta labyrinth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17162. [PMID: 30464252 PMCID: PMC6249310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the effect of the reduced utero-placental perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of placental insufficiency on placental morphology and trophoblast differentiation at mid-late gestation (E14.5). Altered trophoblast proliferation, reduced syncytiotrophoblast gene expression, increased numbers of sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells, decreased Vegfa and decreased pericyte presence in the labyrinth were observed in addition to changes in maternal blood spaces, the fetal capillary network and reduced fetal weight. Further, the junctional zone was characterized by reduced spongiotrophoblast and glycogen trophoblast with increased trophoblast giant cells. Increased Hif-1α and TGF-β-3 in vivo with supporting hypoxia studies in trophoblast stem (TS) cells in vitro, support hypoxia as a contributing factor to the RUPP placenta phenotype. Together, this study identifies altered cell populations within the placenta that may contribute to the phenotype, and thus support the use of RUPP in the mouse as a model of placenta insufficiency. As such, this model in the mouse provides a valuable tool for understanding the phenotypes resulting from genetic manipulation of isolated cell populations to further understand the etiology of placenta insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. Further this study identifies a novel relationship between placental insufficiency and pericyte depletion in the labyrinth layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony V Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Prutha Mehta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla Vu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christina Schweitzer
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Katarina Gustin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramie Kotadia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David R C Natale
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Paauw ND, Lely AT, Joles JA, Franx A, Nikkels PG, Mokry M, van Rijn BB. H3K27 acetylation and gene expression analysis reveals differences in placental chromatin activity in fetal growth restriction. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:85. [PMID: 29983832 PMCID: PMC6020235 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posttranslational modification of histone tails such as histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) is tightly coupled to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. To explore whether this is involved in placenta pathology, we probed genome-wide H3K27ac occupancy by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in healthy placentas and placentas from pathological pregnancies with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Furthermore, we related specific acetylation profiles of FGR placentas to gene expression changes. Results Analysis of H3K27ac occupancy in FGR compared to healthy placentas showed 970 differentially acetylated regions distributed throughout the genome. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed complete segregation of the FGR and control group. Next, we identified 569 upregulated genes and 521 downregulated genes in FGR placentas by RNA sequencing. Differential gene transcription largely corresponded to expected direction based on H3K27ac status. Pathway analysis on upregulated transcripts originating from hyperacetylated sites revealed genes related to the HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network and several other genes with known involvement in placental pathology (LEP, FLT1, HK2, ENG, FOS). Downregulated transcripts in the vicinity of hypoacetylated sites were related to the immune system and growth hormone receptor signaling. Additionally, we found enrichment of 141 transcription factor binding motifs within differentially acetylated regions. Of the corresponding transcription factors, four were upregulated, SP1, ARNT2, HEY2, and VDR, and two downregulated, FOSL and NR4A1. Conclusion We demonstrate a key role for genome-wide alterations in H3K27ac in FGR placentas corresponding with changes in transcription profiles of regions relevant to placental function. Future studies on the role of H3K27ac in FGR and placental-fetal development may help to identify novel targets for therapy of this currently incurable disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0508-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Paauw
- 1Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,6Division Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A T Lely
- 1Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J A Joles
- 2Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Franx
- 1Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P G Nikkels
- 3Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Mokry
- 4Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B B van Rijn
- 1Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,5Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,6Division Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Yang Y, Abdulhasan M, Awonuga A, Bolnick A, Puscheck EE, Rappolee DA. Hypoxic Stress Forces Adaptive and Maladaptive Placental Stress Responses in Early Pregnancy. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1330-1344. [PMID: 29105384 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on hypoxic stress and its effects on the placental lineage and the earliest differentiation events in mouse and human placental trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Although the placenta is a decidual organ at the end of pregnancy, its earliest rapid growth and function at the start of pregnancy precedes and supports growth and function of the embryo. Earliest function requires that TSCs differentiate, however, "hypoxia" supports rapid growth, but not differentiation of TSCs. Most of the literature on earliest placental "hypoxia" studies used 2% oxygen which is normoxic for TSCs. Hypoxic stress happens when oxygen level drops below 2%. It decreases anabolism, proliferation, potency/stemness and increases differentiation, despite culture conditions that would sustain proliferation and potency. Thus, to study the pathogenesis due to TSC dysfunction, it is important to study hypoxic stress below 2%. Many studies have been performed using 0.5 to 1% oxygen in cultured mouse TSCs. From all these studies, a small number has examined human trophoblast lines and primary first trimester placental hypoxic stress responses in culture. Some other stress stimuli, aside from hypoxic stress, are used to elucidate common and unique aspects of hypoxic stress. The key outcomes produced by hypoxic stress are mitochondrial, anabolic, and proliferation arrest, and this is coupled with stemness loss and differentiation. Hypoxic stress can lead to depletion of stem cells and miscarriage, or can lead to later dysfunctions in placentation and fetal development. Birth Defects Research 109:1330-1344, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mohammed Abdulhasan
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Awoniyi Awonuga
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alan Bolnick
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth E Puscheck
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniel A Rappolee
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne state University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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37
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Soares MJ, Iqbal K, Kozai K. Hypoxia and Placental Development. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1309-1329. [PMID: 29105383 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemochorial placentation is orchestrated through highly regulated temporal and spatial decisions governing the fate of trophoblast stem/progenitor cells. Trophoblast cell acquisition of specializations facilitating invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling is a labile process, sensitive to the environment, and represents a process that is vulnerable to dysmorphogenesis in pathologic states. Hypoxia is a signal guiding placental development, and molecular mechanisms directing cellular adaptations to low oxygen tension are integral to trophoblast cell differentiation and placentation. Hypoxia can also be used as an experimental tool to investigate regulatory processes controlling hemochorial placentation. These developmental processes are conserved in mouse, rat, and human placentation. Consequently, elements of these developmental events can be modeled and hypotheses tested in trophoblast stem cells and in genetically manipulated rodents. Hypoxia is also a consequence of a failed placenta, yielding pathologies that can adversely affect maternal adjustments to pregnancy, fetal health, and susceptibility to adult disease. The capacity of the placenta for adaptation to environmental challenges highlights the importance of its plasticity in safeguarding a healthy pregnancy. Birth Defects Research 109:1309-1329, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Fetal Health Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Keisuke Kozai
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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38
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Pham J, Arul Nambi Rajan K, Li P, Parast MM. The role of Sirtuin1-PPARγ axis in placental development and function. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R201-R212. [PMID: 29467141 PMCID: PMC8584848 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Placental development is important for proper in utero growth and development of the fetus, as well as maternal well-being during pregnancy. Abnormal differentiation of placental epithelial cells, called trophoblast, is at the root of multiple pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, the maternal hypertensive disorder preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. The ligand-activated nuclear receptor, PPARγ, and nutrient sensor, Sirtuin-1, both play a role in numerous pathways important to cell survival and differentiation, metabolism and inflammation. However, each has also been identified as a key player in trophoblast differentiation and placental development. This review details these studies, and also describes how various stressors, including hypoxia and inflammation, alter the expression or activity of PPARγ and Sirtuin-1, thereby contributing to placenta-based pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pham
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kanaga Arul Nambi Rajan
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of PathologyMedical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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39
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Hypoxia Signaling and Placental Adaptations. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29330799 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7665-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Oxygen is an essential nutrient for cells. Oxygen is delivered to tissues via red blood cells through the vasculature. Molecular mechanisms mediating cellular responses to low oxygen tension have been identified. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are activated by low oxygen and promote transcriptional regulation of downstream effector genes, which lead to cellular adaptations. Controlled hypoxia exposure is utilized as an experimental tool to investigate biological processes, regulating cellular adaptations. Here we describe detailed protocols for hypoxia exposure of pregnant rodent models and low oxygen exposure of trophoblast stem cells, utilizing gas-regulated chamber systems. The presentation also includes phenotypic analyses of the manipulated animal models and cells.
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40
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Chang CW, Wakeland AK, Parast MM. Trophoblast lineage specification, differentiation and their regulation by oxygen tension. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R43-R56. [PMID: 29259074 PMCID: PMC5741095 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of the early embryo takes place under low oxygen tension. Under such conditions, the embryo implants and the trophectoderm, the outer layer of blastocyst, proliferate, forming the cytotrophoblastic shell, the early placenta. The cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) are the so-called epithelial 'stem cells' of the placenta, which, depending on the signals they receive, can differentiate into either extravillous trophoblast (EVT) or syncytiotrophoblast (STB). EVTs anchor the placenta to the uterine wall and remodel maternal spiral arterioles in order to provide ample blood supply to the growing fetus. STBs arise through CTB fusion, secrete hormones necessary for pregnancy maintenance and form a barrier across which nutrient and gas exchange can take place. The bulk of EVT differentiation occurs during the first trimester, before the onset of maternal arterial blood flow into the intervillous space of the placenta, and thus under low oxygen tension. These conditions affect numerous signaling pathways, including those acting through hypoxia-inducible factor, the nutrient sensor mTOR and the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response pathway. These pathways are known to be involved in placental development and disease, and specific components have even been identified as directly involved in lineage-specific trophoblast differentiation. Nevertheless, much controversy surrounds the role of hypoxia in trophoblast differentiation, particularly with EVT. This review summarizes previous studies on this topic, with the intent of integrating these results and synthesizing conclusions that resolve some of the controversy, but then also pointing to remaining areas, which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna K Wakeland
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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41
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Latos PA, Hemberger M. From the stem of the placental tree: trophoblast stem cells and their progeny. Development 2017; 143:3650-3660. [PMID: 27802134 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) retain the capacity to self-renew indefinitely and harbour the potential to differentiate into all trophoblast subtypes of the placenta. Recent studies have shown how signalling cascades integrate with transcription factor circuits to govern the fine balance between TSC self-renewal and differentiation. In addition, breakthroughs in reprogramming strategies have enabled the generation of TSCs from fibroblasts, opening up exciting new avenues that may allow the isolation of this stem cell type from other species, notably humans. Here, we review these recent advances in light of their importance for understanding placental pathologies and developing personalised medicine approaches for pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Anna Latos
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK .,Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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42
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Williams CJ, Chu A, Jefferson WN, Casero D, Sudhakar D, Khurana N, Hogue CP, Aryasomayajula C, Patel P, Sullivan P, Padilla-Banks E, Mohandessi S, Janzen C, Wadehra M. Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) deficiency alters placental angiogenesis, mimicking features of human placental insufficiency. J Pathol 2017; 242:246-259. [PMID: 28295343 DOI: 10.1002/path.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is a tetraspan protein predicted to regulate placental development. Highly expressed in secretory endometrium and trophectoderm cells, previous studies suggest that it may regulate implantation by orchestrating the surface expression of integrins and other membrane proteins. In order to test the role of EMP2 in pregnancy, mice lacking EMP2 (Emp2-/- ) were generated. Emp2-/- females are fertile but have reduced litter sizes when carrying Emp2-/- but not Emp2+/- fetuses. Placentas of Emp2-/- fetuses exhibit dysregulation in pathways related to neoangiogenesis, coagulation, and oxidative stress, and have increased fibrin deposition and altered vasculature. Given that these findings often occur due to placental insufficiency resulting in an oxygen-poor environment, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was examined. Placentas from Emp2-/- fetuses had increased total HIF-1α expression in large part through an increase in uterine NK (uNK) cells, demonstrating a unique interplay between uNK cells and trophoblasts modulated through EMP2. To determine if these results translated to human pregnancy, placentas from normal, term deliveries or those complicated by placental insufficiency resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were stained for EMP2. EMP2 was significantly reduced in both villous and extravillous trophoblast populations in IUGR placentas. Experiments in vitro using human trophoblast cells lines indicate that EMP2 modulates angiogenesis by altering HIF-1α expression. Our results reveal a novel role for EMP2 in regulating trophoblast function and vascular development in mice and humans, and suggest that it may be a new biomarker for placental insufficiency. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Alison Chu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wendy N Jefferson
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Deepthi Sudhakar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nevil Khurana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Claire P Hogue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chinmayi Aryasomayajula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Priya Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peggy Sullivan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Banks
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shabnam Mohandessi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Carla Janzen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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43
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Class-Specific Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Promote 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in JEG-3 Cells. Int J Cell Biol 2017; 2017:6169310. [PMID: 28321257 PMCID: PMC5339487 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal cortisol plays a crucial role in fetal organogenesis. However, fetal overexposure to cortisol has been linked to a range of short- and long-term adverse outcomes. Normally, this is prevented by the expression of an enzyme in the placenta called 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) which converts active cortisol to its inactive metabolite cortisone. Placental 11β-HSD2 is known to be reduced in a number of adverse pregnancy complications, possibly through an epigenetic mechanism. As a result, a number of pan-HDAC inhibitors have been examined for their ability to promote 11β-HSD2 expression. However, it is not known if the effects of pan-HDAC inhibition are a general phenomenon or if the effects are dependent upon a specific class of HDACs. Here, we examined the ability of pan- and class-specific HDAC inhibitors to regulate 11β-HSD2 expression in JEG3 cells. We find that pan-, class I, or class IIa HDAC inhibition promoted 11β-HSD2 expression and prevented cortisol or interleukin-1β-induced decrease in its expression. These results demonstrate that targeting a specific class of HDACs can promote 11β-HSD2 expression in JEG3 cells. This adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that HDACs may be crucial in maintaining normal fetal development.
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Wakeland AK, Soncin F, Moretto-Zita M, Chang CW, Horii M, Pizzo D, Nelson KK, Laurent LC, Parast MM. Hypoxia Directs Human Extravillous Trophoblast Differentiation in a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Dependent Manner. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:767-780. [PMID: 28167044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Villous cytotrophoblasts are epithelial stem cells of the early human placenta, able to differentiate either into syncytiotrophoblasts in floating chorionic villi or extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) at the anchoring villi. The signaling pathways regulating differentiation into these two lineages are incompletely understood. The bulk of placental growth and development in the first trimester occurs under low oxygen tension. One major mechanism by which oxygen regulates cellular function is through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor complex stabilized under low oxygen tension to mediate cellular responses, including cell fate decisions. HIF is known to play a role in trophoblast differentiation in rodents; however, its role in human trophoblast differentiation is poorly understood. Using RNA profiling of sorted populations of primary first-trimester trophoblasts, we evaluated the first stage of EVT differentiation, the transition from epidermal growth factor receptor+ villous cytotrophoblasts into human leukocyte antigen-G+ proximal column EVT (pcEVT) and identified hypoxia as a major pcEVT-associated pathway. Using primary cytotrophoblasts, we determined that culture in low oxygen directs differentiation preferentially toward human leukocyte antigen-G+ pcEVT, and that an intact HIF complex is required for this process. Finally, using global RNA profiling, we identified integrin-linked kinase and associated cytoskeletal remodeling and adhesion to be among HIF-dependent pcEVT-associated signaling pathways. Taken together, we propose that oxygen regulates EVT differentiation through HIF-dependent modulation of various cell adhesion and morphology-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wakeland
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Francesca Soncin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Matteo Moretto-Zita
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Don Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Katharine K Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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45
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Korkes HA, De Oliveira L, Sass N, Salahuddin S, Karumanchi SA, Rajakumar A. Relationship between hypoxia and downstream pathogenic pathways in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2017; 36:145-150. [PMID: 28067578 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2016.1259627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in angiogenesis and mitochondrial function in the placenta contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia; however upstream regulators of these pathways are not known. It has been argued that placental hypoxia secondary to abnormal spiral artery remodeling may play a causal role in the angiogenic and mitochondrial abnormalities noted in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) ¸ a surrogate of hypoxia, and soluble fms-tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), a circulating anti-angiogenic factor, and microRNA 210 (miR-210), a microRNA that regulates mitochondrial function, in human placentas from preeclamptic and non-hypertensive pregnancies. We first confirmed a 2.5-fold upregulation of HIF-1α protein in placentas from preeclampsia when compared to non-hypertensive controls. Consistent with prior studies, we also observed a 10-fold upregulated sFlt1 mRNA and 2-fold upregulated miR-210 in preeclamptic tissue. Interestingly, while sFlt1 mRNA correlated with miR-210 in preeclampsia (R2 = 0.77, p = 0.0004), there were no significant correlations between these molecules and HIF1α expression. We conclude that non-hypoxia pathways may be involved in the abnormal angiogenic and metabolic alterations noted in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Augusto Korkes
- a Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Leandro De Oliveira
- b Department of Obstetrics , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Nelson Sass
- b Department of Obstetrics , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Saira Salahuddin
- a Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- a Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Augustine Rajakumar
- a Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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Baines K, Renaud S. Transcription Factors That Regulate Trophoblast Development and Function. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 145:39-88. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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47
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Almeida AS, Vieira HLA. Role of Cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function During Adult Neurogenesis. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1787-1794. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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HIF-KDM3A-MMP12 regulatory circuit ensures trophoblast plasticity and placental adaptations to hypoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7212-E7221. [PMID: 27807143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612626113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemochorial placenta develops from the coordinated multilineage differentiation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells. An invasive trophoblast cell lineage remodels uterine spiral arteries, facilitating nutrient flow, failure of which is associated with pathological conditions such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth. Hypoxia plays an instructive role in influencing trophoblast cell differentiation and regulating placental organization. Key downstream hypoxia-activated events were delineated using rat TS cells and tested in vivo, using trophoblast-specific lentiviral gene delivery and genome editing. DNA microarray analyses performed on rat TS cells exposed to ambient or low oxygen and pregnant rats exposed to ambient or hypoxic conditions showed up-regulation of genes characteristic of an invasive/vascular remodeling/inflammatory phenotype. Among the shared up-regulated genes was matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12). To explore the functional importance of MMP12 in trophoblast cell-directed spiral artery remodeling, we generated an Mmp12 mutant rat model using transcription activator-like nucleases-mediated genome editing. Homozygous mutant placentation sites showed decreased hypoxia-dependent endovascular trophoblast invasion and impaired trophoblast-directed spiral artery remodeling. A link was established between hypoxia/HIF and MMP12; however, evidence did not support Mmp12 as a direct target of HIF action. Lysine demethylase 3A (KDM3A) was identified as mediator of hypoxia/HIF regulation of Mmp12 Knockdown of KDM3A in rat TS cells inhibited the expression of a subset of the hypoxia-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcripts, including Mmp12, altered H3K9 methylation status, and decreased hypoxia-induced trophoblast cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. The hypoxia-HIF-KDM3A-MMP12 regulatory circuit is conserved and facilitates placental adaptations to environmental challenges.
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Bianco K, Gormley M, Farrell J, Zhou Y, Oliverio O, Tilden H, McMaster M, Fisher SJ. Placental transcriptomes in the common aneuploidies reveal critical regions on the trisomic chromosomes and genome-wide effects. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:812-22. [PMID: 27328057 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chromosomal aberrations are frequently associated with birth defects and pregnancy losses. Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21 are the most common, clinically relevant fetal aneusomies. This study used a transcriptomics approach to identify the molecular signatures at the maternal-fetal interface in each aneuploidy. METHODS We profiled placental gene expression (13-22 weeks) in T13 (n = 4), T18 (n = 4) and T21 (n = 8), and in euploid pregnancies (n = 4). RESULTS We found differentially expressed transcripts (≥2-fold) in T21 (n = 160), T18 (n = 80) and T13 (n = 125). The majority were upregulated and most of the misexpressed genes were not located on the relevant trisomic chromosome, suggesting genome-wide dysregulation. A smaller number of the differentially expressed transcripts were encoded on the trisomic chromosome, suggesting gene dosage. In T21, <10% of the genes were transcribed from the Down syndrome critical region (21q21-22), which contributes to the clinical phenotype. In T13, 15% of the upregulated genes were on the affected chromosome (13q11-14), and in T18, the percentage increased to 24% (18q11-22 region). CONCLUSION The trisomic placental (and possibly fetal) phenotypes are driven by the combined effects of genome-wide phenomena and increased gene dosage from the trisomic chromosome. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bianco
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Gormley
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Farrell
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Oliverio
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Tilden
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael McMaster
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Shi X, Guo LW, Seedial S, Takayama T, Wang B, Zhang M, Franco SR, Si Y, Chaudhary MA, Liu B, Kent KC. Local CXCR4 Upregulation in the Injured Arterial Wall Contributes to Intimal Hyperplasia. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2744-2757. [PMID: 27340942 PMCID: PMC5113668 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CXCR4 is a stem/progenitor cell surface receptor specific for the cytokine stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1α). There is evidence that bone marrow‐derived CXCR4‐expressing cells contribute to intimal hyperplasia (IH) by homing to the arterial subintima which is enriched with SDF‐1α. We have previously found that transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) and its signaling protein Smad3 are both upregulated following arterial injury and that TGFβ/Smad3 enhances the expression of CXCR4 in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). It remains unknown, however, whether locally induced CXCR4 expression in SM22 expressing vascular SMCs plays a role in neointima formation. Here, we investigated whether elevated TGFβ/Smad3 signaling leads to the induction of CXCR4 expression locally in the injured arterial wall, thereby contributing to IH. We found prominent CXCR4 upregulation (mRNA, 60‐fold; protein, 4‐fold) in TGFβ‐treated, Smad3‐expressing SMCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed a specific association of the transcription factor Smad3 with the CXCR4 promoter. TGFβ/Smad3 treatment also markedly enhanced SDF‐1α‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as SMC migration in a CXCR4‐dependent manner. Adenoviral expression of Smad3 in balloon‐injured rat carotid arteries increased local CXCR4 levels and enhanced IH, whereas SMC‐specific depletion of CXCR4 in the wire‐injured mouse femoral arterial wall produced a 60% reduction in IH. Our results provide the first evidence that upregulation of TGFβ/Smad3 in injured arteries induces local SMC CXCR4 expression and cell migration, and consequently IH. The Smad3/CXCR4 pathway may provide a potential target for therapeutic interventions to prevent restenosis. Stem Cells2016;34:2744–2757
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen Seedial
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Toshio Takayama
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah R Franco
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mirnal A Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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