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Sui M, Si L, Chen Z, Lu Y, Li H. Non-invasive applications of Raman spectroscopy in assisted reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2025; 16:1577702. [PMID: 40405973 PMCID: PMC12095027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1577702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025] Open
Abstract
This review explores the non-invasive applications of Raman spectroscopy in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Raman spectroscopy, a powerful tool for analyzing biological samples, has shown great potential in enhancing ART outcomes through various applications such as sperm quality assessment, oocyte evaluation, and embryo selection. The non-destructive nature and high specificity of this technique enable detailed biochemical analysis at the cellular level, offering valuable insights into cellular processes without harming for the samples. The review highlights recent advancements and studies demonstrating the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in improving the selection criteria for gametes and embryos, ultimately contributing to higher success rates in ART. Future perspectives on integrating Raman spectroscopy with other technologies to further enhance its applicability in reproductive medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihui Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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2
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Huang J, Zhang L, Shao N, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Zhang J, Lee HJ. Lipid Metabolic Heterogeneity during Early Embryogenesis Revealed by Hyper-3D Stimulated Raman Imaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2025; 3:15-24. [PMID: 39886225 PMCID: PMC11775849 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Studying embryogenesis is fundamental to understanding developmental biology and reproductive medicine. Its process requires precise spatiotemporal regulations in which lipid metabolism plays a crucial role. However, the spatial dynamics of lipid species at the subcellular level remains obscure due to technical limitations. To address this challenge, we developed a hyperspectral 3D imaging and analysis method based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) to quantitatively assess lipid profiles in individual embryos through submicrometer resolution (x-y), 3D optical sectioning (z), and chemical bond-selective (Ω) imaging. Using hyper-3D SRS, individual lipid droplets (LDs) in single cells were identified and quantified. Our findings revealed that the LD profiles within a single embryo are not uniform, even as early as the 2-cell stage. Notably, we also discovered a dynamic relationship between the LD size and unsaturation degree as embryos develop, indicating diverse lipid metabolism during early development. Furthermore, abnormal LDs were observed in oocytes of a progeria mouse model, suggesting that LDs could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing oocyte/embryo quality. Overall, our results highlight the potential of hyper-3D SRS as a noninvasive method for studying lipid content, composition, and subcellular distribution in embryos. This technique provides valuable insights into lipid metabolism during embryonic development and has the potential for clinical applications in evaluating oocyte/embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Zhejiang
Polytechnic Institute, Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Liangzhu
Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Center
for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical
Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of
Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ninghui Shao
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Key Laboratory
for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Interdisciplinary
Centre for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of
Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Liangzhu
Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Center
for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical
Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of
Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Key Laboratory
for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary
Centre for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of
Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE
Frontier
Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Liangzhu
Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Center
for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical
Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of
Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center
of Gene and Cell Therapy and Genome Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- Zhejiang
Polytechnic Institute, Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College
of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Key Laboratory
for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MOE
Frontier
Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Fluks M, Collier R, Walewska A, Bruce AW, Ajduk A. How great thou ART: biomechanical properties of oocytes and embryos as indicators of quality in assisted reproductive technologies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1342905. [PMID: 38425501 PMCID: PMC10902081 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1342905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) have revolutionized infertility treatment and animal breeding, but their success largely depends on selecting high-quality oocytes for fertilization and embryos for transfer. During preimplantation development, embryos undergo complex morphogenetic processes, such as compaction and cavitation, driven by cellular forces dependent on cytoskeletal dynamics and cell-cell interactions. These processes are pivotal in dictating an embryo's capacity to implant and progress to full-term development. Hence, a comprehensive grasp of the biomechanical attributes characterizing healthy oocytes and embryos is essential for selecting those with higher developmental potential. Various noninvasive techniques have emerged as valuable tools for assessing biomechanical properties without disturbing the oocyte or embryo physiological state, including morphokinetics, analysis of cytoplasmic movement velocity, or quantification of cortical tension and elasticity using microaspiration. By shedding light on the cytoskeletal processes involved in chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, cellular trafficking, and cell adhesion, underlying oogenesis, and embryonic development, this review explores the significance of embryo biomechanics in ART and its potential implications for improving clinical IVF outcomes, offering valuable insights and research directions to enhance oocyte and embryo selection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fluks
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Rebecca Collier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Agnieszka Walewska
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander W. Bruce
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Anna Ajduk
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Zhang L, Zhao J, Lam SM, Chen L, Gao Y, Wang W, Xu Y, Tan T, Yu H, Zhang M, Liao X, Wu M, Zhang T, Huang J, Li B, Zhou QD, Shen N, Lee HJ, Ye C, Li D, Shui G, Zhang J. Low-input lipidomics reveals lipid metabolism remodelling during early mammalian embryo development. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:278-293. [PMID: 38302721 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are indispensable for energy storage, membrane structure and cell signalling. However, dynamic changes in various categories of endogenous lipids in mammalian early embryonic development have not been systematically characterized. Here we comprehensively investigated the dynamic lipid landscape during mouse and human early embryo development. Lipid signatures of different developmental stages are distinct, particularly for the phospholipid classes. We highlight that the high degree of phospholipid unsaturation is a conserved feature as embryos develop to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, we show that lipid desaturases such as SCD1 are required for in vitro blastocyst development and blastocyst implantation. One of the mechanisms is through the regulation of unsaturated fatty-acid-mediated fluidity of the plasma membrane and apical proteins and the establishment of apical-basal polarity during development of the eight-cell embryo to the blastocyst. Overall, our study provides an invaluable resource about the remodelling of the endogenous lipidome in mammalian preimplantation embryo development and mechanistic insights into the regulation of embryogenesis and implantation by lipid unsaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- LipidALL Technologies, Changzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingzhuo Gao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Liao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyun Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies, Changzhou, China
| | - Quan D Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Surgical Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China.
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Center of Gene and Cell Therapy and Genome Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Zhu W, Bu G, Hu R, Zhang J, Qiao L, Zhou K, Wang T, Li Q, Zhang J, Wu L, Xie Y, Hu T, Yang S, Guan J, Chu X, Shi J, Zhang X, Lu F, Liu X, Miao YL. KLF4 facilitates chromatin accessibility remodeling in porcine early embryos. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:96-112. [PMID: 37698691 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility remodeling driven by pioneer factors is critical for the development of early embryos. Current studies have illustrated several pioneer factors as being important for agricultural animals, but what are the pioneer factors and how the pioneer factors remodel the chromatin accessibility in porcine early embryos is not clear. By employing low-input DNase-seq (liDNase-seq), we profiled the landscapes of chromatin accessibility in porcine early embryos and uncovered a unique chromatin accessibility reprogramming pattern during porcine preimplantation development. Our data revealed that KLF4 played critical roles in remodeling chromatin accessibility in porcine early embryos. Knocking down of KLF4 led to the reduction of chromatin accessibility in early embryos, whereas KLF4 overexpression promoted the chromatin openness in porcine blastocysts. Furthermore, KLF4 deficiency resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and developmental failure of porcine embryos. In addition, we found that overexpression of KLF4 in blastocysts promoted lipid droplet accumulation, whereas knockdown of KLF4 disrupted this process. Taken together, our study revealed the chromatin accessibility dynamics and identified KLF4 as a key regulator in chromatin accessibility and cellular metabolism during porcine preimplantation embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guowei Bu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lianyong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linhui Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yali Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Taotao Hu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shichun Yang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Falong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Zhao J, Wang W, Zhang L, Zhang J, Sturmey R, Zhang J. Dynamic metabolism during early mammalian embryogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev202148. [PMID: 37877936 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic metabolism is exhibited by early mammalian embryos to support changing cell fates during development. It is widely acknowledged that metabolic pathways not only satisfy cellular energetic demands, but also play pivotal roles in the process of cell signalling, gene regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, various new technological advances have been made in metabolomics and computational analysis, deepening our understanding of the crucial role of dynamic metabolism during early mammalian embryogenesis. In this Review, we summarize recent studies on oocyte and embryo metabolism and its regulation, with a particular focus on its association with key developmental events such as fertilization, zygote genome activation and cell fate determination. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms of certain metabolites that, in addition to serving as energy sources, contribute to epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Roger Sturmey
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Jin Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Lipinska P, Pawlak P, Warzych E. Species and embryo genome origin affect lipid droplets in preimplantation embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1187832. [PMID: 37250899 PMCID: PMC10217358 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1187832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian embryo development is affected by multiple metabolism processes, among which energy metabolism seems to be crucial. Therefore the ability and the scale of lipids storage in different preimplantation stages might affect embryos quality. The aim of the present studies was to show a complex characterization of lipid droplets (LD) during subsequent embryo developmental stages. It was performed on two species (bovine and porcine) as well as on embryos with different embryo origin [after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and after parthenogenetic activation (PA)]. Embryos after IVF/PA were collected at precise time points of development at the following stages: zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8/16-cell, morula, early blastocyst, expanded blastocyst. LD were stained with BODIPY 493/503 dye, embryos were visualized under a confocal microscope and images were analyzed with the ImageJ Fiji software. The following parameters were analyzed: lipid content, LD number, LD size and LD area within the total embryo. The most important results show that lipid parameters in the IVF vs. PA bovine embryos differ at the most crucial moments of embryonic development (zygote, 8-16-cell, blastocyst), indicating possible dysregulations of lipid metabolism in PA embryos. When bovine vs. porcine species are compared, we observe higher lipid content around EGA stage and lower lipid content at the blastocyst stage for bovine embryos, which indicates different demand for energy depending on the species. We conclude that lipid droplets parameters significantly differ among developmental stages and between species but also can be affected by the genome origin.
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8
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Jia H, Yue S. Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging Sheds New Light on Lipid Droplet Biology. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2381-2394. [PMID: 36897936 PMCID: PMC10042165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A lipid droplet (LD) is a dynamic organelle closely associated with cellular functions and energy homeostasis. Dysregulated LD biology underlies an increasing number of human diseases, including metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorder. Commonly used lipid staining and analytical tools have difficulty providing the information regarding LD distribution and composition at the same time. To address this problem, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses the intrinsic chemical contrast of biomolecules to achieve both direct visualization of LD dynamics and quantitative analysis of LD composition with high molecular selectivity at the subcellular level. Recent developments of Raman tags have further enhanced sensitivity and specificity of SRS imaging without perturbing molecular activity. With these advantages, SRS microscopy has offered great promise for deciphering LD metabolism in single live cells. This article overviews and discusses the latest applications of SRS microscopy as an emerging platform to dissect LD biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and
Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute
of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and
Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute
of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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de Oliveira Fernandes G, de Lima CB, Fidelis AAG, Milazzotto MP, Dode MAN. Metabolic signature of spent culture media shows lipid metabolism as a determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:117-128. [PMID: 36156318 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the spent culture media of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos which did (group Pregnant) or did not (group Non-pregnant) establish pregnancy after transfer. For that purpose, IVP embryos on D5 were transferred to individual droplets for the last 48 h of culture. Embryos at the blastocyst stage were then transferred to synchronized recipients, while respective culture media drops were collected and evaluated individually. The list of metabolites present in spent culture media was obtained by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and analysed with Metaboanalyst® to characterize the metabolic profile of each group. The spectrometric analysis showed that pathways related to lipid metabolism, particularly fatty acids degradation via beta-oxidation, were more present in the Pregnant group whereas no significant pathway was identified in the group Non-pregnant. By using this method, we were able to identify a metabolic signature in culture media that allows for a better comprehension of preferential metabolic routes taken by the most viable embryos. These findings offer great insights into the biochemistry of embryo development and reveal a potential target for the development of better-quality IVP systems, as well as tools to identify bovine embryos with greater chances to establish and maintain pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Bruna de Lima
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | | | - Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetic, Center of Natural and Human Science, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Margot Alves Nunes Dode
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.,Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Brasília, Brazil
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10
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Bisogno S, Gąsior Ł, Ptak GE. Nile Red and BODIPY Staining of Lipid Droplets in Mouse Oocytes and Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2566:205-212. [PMID: 36152253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2675-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular structures composed of hydrophobic lipids. Their amount in oocytes and embryos varies among the mammalian species and even among different strains of the same species. Here we describe a method to stain LDs, which can be applied to previously fixed mouse oocytes and embryos. This method is based on fluorescent dyes, Nile red and BODIPY, which allow visualization and quantification of LDs using conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bisogno
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gąsior
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna E Ptak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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11
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Pagliari F, Sogne E, Panella D, Perozziello G, Liberale C, Das G, Turdo A, Di Franco S, Seco J, Falqui A, Gratteri S, Pujia A, Di Fabrizio E, Candeloro P, Tirinato L. Correlative Raman-Electron-Light (CREL) Microscopy Analysis of Lipid Droplets in Melanoma Cancer Stem Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1102. [PMID: 36551069 PMCID: PMC9776032 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among all neoplasms, melanoma is characterized by a very high percentage of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several markers have been proposed for their identification, and lipid droplets (LDs) are among them. Different techniques are used for their characterization such as mass spectrometry, imaging techniques, and vibrational spectroscopies. Some emerging experimental approaches for the study of LDs are represented by correlative light-electron microscopy and by correlative Raman imaging-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on these scientific approaches, we developed a novel methodology (CREL) by combining Raman micro-spectroscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and SEM coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy module. This procedure correlated cellular morphology, chemical properties, and spatial distribution from the same region of interest, and in this work, we presented the application of CREL for the analysis of LDs within patient-derived melanoma CSCs (MCSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagliari
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elisa Sogne
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- PoliFAB, Polytechnic of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo, 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panella
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gerardo Perozziello
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Liberale
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gobind Das
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Department of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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12
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Tan TCY, Dunning KR. Non-invasive assessment of oocyte developmental competence. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:39-50. [PMID: 36592982 DOI: 10.1071/rd22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte quality is a key factor influencing IVF success. The oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells, known collectively as the cumulus oocyte complex (COC), communicate bi-directionally and regulate each other's metabolic function to support oocyte growth and maturation. Many studies have attempted to associate metabolic markers with oocyte quality, including metabolites in follicular fluid or 'spent medium' following maturation, gene expression of cumulus cells and measuring oxygen consumption in medium surrounding COCs. However, these methods fail to provide spatial metabolic information on the separate oocyte and cumulus cell compartments. Optical imaging of the autofluorescent cofactors - reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) - has been put forward as an approach to generate spatially resolved measurements of metabolism within individual cells of the COC. The optical redox ratio (FAD/[NAD(P)H+FAD]), calculated from these cofactors, can act as an indicator of overall metabolic activity in the oocyte and cumulus cell compartments. Confocal microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and hyperspectral microscopy may be used for this purpose. This review provides an overview of current optical imaging techniques that capture the inner biochemistry within cells of the COC and discusses the potential for such imaging to assess oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Y Tan
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kylie R Dunning
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Wu Y, Chen K, Li L, Hao Z, Wang T, Liu Y, Xing G, Liu Z, Li H, Yuan H, Lu J, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhao D, Wang J, Nie J, Ye D, Pan G, Chan WY, Liu X. Plin2-mediated lipid droplet mobilization accelerates exit from pluripotency by lipidomic remodeling and histone acetylation. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2316-2331. [PMID: 35614132 PMCID: PMC9613632 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic switch is critical for cell fate determination through metabolic functions, epigenetic modifications, and gene expression. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations and their functional roles remain unclear. Here, we show that Plin2-mediated moderate lipid hydrolysis is critical for pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Upon exit from pluripotency, lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein Plin2 is recognized by Hsc70 and degraded via chaperone-mediated autophagy to facilitate LD mobilization. Enhancing lipid hydrolysis by Plin2 knockout promotes pluripotency exit, which is recovered by ATGL inhibition. Mechanistically, excessive lipid hydrolysis induces a dramatic lipidomic remodeling characterized by decreased cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine, which triggers defects in mitochondrial cristae and fatty acid oxidation, resulting in reduced acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation. Our results reveal how LD mobilization is regulated and its critical role in ESC pluripotency, and indicate the mechanism linking LD homeostasis to mitochondrial remodeling and epigenetic regulation, which might shed light on development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhihong Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangsuo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zichao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jianghuan Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | | | | | - Danyun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinfu Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Boorman D, Pope I, Masia F, Langbein W, Hood S, Borri P, Watson P. Hyperspectral CARS microscopy and quantitative unsupervised analysis of deuterated and non-deuterated fatty acid storage in human cells. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:224202. [PMID: 34911324 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) implemented as a vibrational micro-spectroscopy modality eradicates the need for potentially perturbative fluorescent labeling while still providing high-resolution, chemically specific images of biological samples. Isotopic substitution of hydrogen atoms with deuterium introduces minimal change to molecular structures and can be coupled with CARS microscopy to increase chemical contrast. Here, we investigate HeLa cells incubated with non-deuterated or deuterium-labeled fatty acids, using an in-house-developed hyperspectral CARS microscope coupled with an unsupervised quantitative data analysis algorithm, to retrieve Raman susceptibility spectra and concentration maps of chemical components in physically meaningful units. We demonstrate that our unsupervised analysis retrieves the susceptibility spectra of the specific fatty acids, both deuterated and non-deuterated, in good agreement with reference Raman spectra measured in pure lipids. Our analysis, using the cell-silent spectral region, achieved excellent chemical specificity despite having no prior knowledge and considering the complex intracellular environment inside cells. The quantitative capabilities of the analysis allowed us to measure the concentration of deuterated and non-deuterated fatty acids stored within cytosolic lipid droplets over a 24 h period. Finally, we explored the potential use of deuterium-labeled lipid droplets for non-invasive cell tracking, demonstrating an effective application of the technique for distinguishing between cells in a mixed population over a 16 h period. These results further demonstrate the chemically specific capabilities of hyperspectral CARS microscopy to characterize and distinguish specific lipid types inside cells using an unbiased quantitative data analysis methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Boorman
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Masia
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Hood
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Watson
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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15
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From Zygote to Blastocyst: Application of Ultrashort Lasers in the Field of Assisted Reproduction and Developmental Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101897. [PMID: 34679594 PMCID: PMC8534476 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of lasers in medical diagnosis and therapies, as well as in fundamental biomedical research is now almost routine, advanced laser sources and new laser-based methods continue to emerge. Due to the unique ability of ultrashort laser pulses to deposit energy into a microscopic volume in the bulk of a transparent material without disrupting the surrounding tissues, the ultrashort laser-based microsurgery of cells and subcellular components within structurally complex and fragile specimens such as embryos is becoming an important tool in developmental biology and reproductive medicine. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of ultrashort laser pulse interaction with the matter, advantages of their application for oocyte and preimplantation embryo microsurgery (e.g., for oocyte/blastomere enucleation and embryonic cell fusion), as well as for nonlinear optical microscopy for studying the dynamics of embryonic development and embryo quality assessment. Moreover, we focus on ultrashort laser-based approaches and techniques that are increasingly being applied in the fundamental research and have the potential for successful translation into the IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinics, such as laser-mediated individual embryo labelling and controlled laser-assisted hatching.
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16
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Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are stored in the embryo throughout the preimplantation development. Yet, the role of LDs in the embryo remains unknown. Embryonic diapause (ED) is a temporary arrest of an embryo when it waits for the uterine receptivity signal to implant. We provide evidence that LDs play a crucial role in maintaining ED. Diapausing embryos exhibit increased release of exosomes reflecting elevated embryonic signaling to the mother. During ED, the decrease in lipid is caused by a switch from carbohydrate metabolism to lipid catabolism. We have also shown that presence of LDs in the oocytes of various mammals positively corelates with their species-specific length of diapause. Our results reveal the functional role of LDs in embryonic development. Embryonic diapause (ED) is a temporary arrest of an embryo at the blastocyst stage when it waits for the uterine receptivity signal to implant. ED used by over 100 species may also occur in normally “nondiapausing” mammals when the uterine receptivity signal is blocked or delayed. A large number of lipid droplets (LDs) are stored throughout the preimplantation embryo development, but the amount of lipids varies greatly across different mammalian species. Yet, the role of LDs in the mammalian egg and embryo remains unknown. Here, using a mouse model, we provide evidence that LDs play a crucial role in maintaining ED. By mechanical removal of LDs from zygotes, we demonstrated that delipidated embryos are unable to survive during ED. LDs are not essential for normal prompt implantation, without ED. We further demonstrated that with the progression of ED, the amount of intracellular lipid reduces, and composition changes. This decrease in lipid is caused by a switch from carbohydrate metabolism to lipid catabolism in diapausing blastocysts, which also exhibit increased release of exosomes reflecting elevated embryonic signaling to the mother. We have also shown that presence of LDs in the oocytes of various mammals positively corelates with their species-specific length of diapause. Our results reveal the functional role of LDs in embryonic development. These results can help to develop diagnostic techniques and treatment of recurrent implantation failure and will likely ignite further studies in developmental biology and reproductive medicine fields.
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17
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Zhang C, Aldana-Mendoza JA. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy for chemical imaging of biological systems. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abfd09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) processes, including both the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, have been utilized in state-of-the-art microscopy platforms for chemical imaging of biological samples. The key advantage of CRS microscopy over fluorescence microscopy is label-free, which is an attractive characteristic for modern biological and medical sciences. Besides, CRS has other advantages such as higher selectivity to metabolites, no photobleaching, and narrow peak width. These features have brought fast-growing attention to CRS microscopy in biological research. In this review article, we will first briefly introduce the history of CRS microscopy, and then explain the theoretical background of the CRS processes in detail using the classical approach. Next, we will cover major instrumentation techniques of CRS microscopy. Finally, we will enumerate examples of recent applications of CRS imaging in biological and medical sciences.
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18
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Chen T, Yavuz A, Wang MC. Dissecting lipid droplet biology with coherent Raman scattering microscopy. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:261811. [PMID: 33975358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid-rich organelles universally found in most cells. They serve as a key energy reservoir, actively participate in signal transduction and dynamically communicate with other organelles. LD dysfunction has been associated with a variety of diseases. The content level, composition and mobility of LDs are crucial for their physiological and pathological functions, and these different parameters of LDs are subject to regulation by genetic factors and environmental inputs. Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy utilizes optical nonlinear processes to probe the intrinsic chemical bond vibration, offering label-free, quantitative imaging of lipids in vivo with high chemical specificity and spatiotemporal resolution. In this Review, we provide an overview over the principle of CRS microscopy and its application in tracking different parameters of LDs in live cells and organisms. We also discuss the use of CRS microscopy in genetic screens to discover lipid regulatory mechanisms and in understanding disease-related lipid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmet Yavuz
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Iyer S, Mukherjee S, Kumar M. Watching the embryo: Evolution of the microscope for the study of embryogenesis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000238. [PMID: 33837551 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Embryos and microscopes share a long, remarkable history and biologists have always been intrigued to watch how embryos develop under the microscope. Here we discuss the advances in microscopy which have greatly influenced our current understanding of embryogenesis. We highlight the evolution of microscopes and the optical technologies that have been instrumental in studying various developmental processes. These imaging modalities provide mechanistic insights into the dynamic cellular and molecular events which drive lineage commitment and morphogenetic changes in the developing embryo. We begin the journey with a brief history of microscopy to study embryos. First, we review the principles and optics of light, fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy which have been key techniques for imaging cellular and molecular events during embryonic development. Next, we discuss recent key imaging modalities such as light-sheet microscopy, which are suitable for whole embryo imaging. Further, we highlight imaging techniques like multiphoton and super resolution microscopy for beyond light diffraction limit, high resolution imaging. Lastly, we review some of the scattering-based imaging methods and techniques used for imaging human embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Iyer
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcCSIR), CSIR-CCMB campus, Uppal road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Megha Kumar
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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20
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Motility Plays an Important Role in the Lifetime of Mammalian Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083802. [PMID: 33916886 PMCID: PMC8067576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid droplet is a kind of organelle that stores neutral lipids in cells. Recent studies have found that in addition to energy storage, lipid droplets also play an important role in biological processes such as resistance to stress, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Lipid droplets are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum, and mature lipid droplets participate in various cellular processes. Lipid droplets are decomposed by lipase and lysosomes. In the life of a lipid droplet, the most important thing is to interact with other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and autophagic lysosomes. The interaction between lipid droplets and other organelles requires them to be close to each other, which inevitably involves the motility of lipid droplets. In fact, through many microscopic observation techniques, researchers have discovered that lipid droplets are highly dynamic organelles that move quickly. This paper reviews the process of lipid droplet motility, focusing on explaining the molecular basis of lipid droplet motility, the factors that regulate lipid droplet motility, and the influence of motility on the formation and decomposition of lipid droplets. In addition, this paper also proposes several unresolved problems for lipid droplet motility. Finally, this paper makes predictions about the future research of lipid droplet motility.
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21
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Khan R, Jiang X, Hameed U, Shi Q. Role of Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Mammalian Oocyte Maturation, Quality, and Acquisition of Competence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639704. [PMID: 33748128 PMCID: PMC7973101 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been found that the quality of oocytes from obese women has been compromised and subsequent embryos displayed arrested development. The compromised quality may be either due to the poor or rich metabolic conditions such as imbalance or excession of lipids during oocyte development. Generally, lipids are mainly stored in the form of lipid droplets and are an important source of energy metabolism. Similarly, lipids are also essential signaling molecules involved in various biological cascades of oocyte maturation, growth and oocyte competence acquisition. To understand the role of lipids in controlling the oocyte development, we have comprehensively and concisely reviewed the literature and described the role of lipid metabolism in oocyte quality and maturation. Moreover, we have also presented a simplified model of fatty acid metabolism along with its implication on determining the oocyte quality and cryopreservation for fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjha Khan
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Uzma Hameed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qinghua Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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22
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Zhang C, Boppart SA. Dynamic Signatures of Lipid Droplets as New Markers to Quantify Cellular Metabolic Changes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15943-15952. [PMID: 33232121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic properties of live cells are very susceptible to intra- or extracellular perturbations, making their measurements challenging tasks. We show that the dynamics of lipid droplets (LDs) carry information to measure the lipid metabolism of live cells. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy was used to statistically quantify LD dynamics in living cells in a label-free manner. We introduce dynamic signatures of cells derived from the LD displacement, speed, travel length, and directionality, which allows for the detection of cellular changes induced by stimuli such as fluorescent labeling, temperature change, starvation, and chemical treatment. Histogram fittings of the dynamic signatures using log-normal distribution functions provide quantification of changes in cellular metabolic states. The LD dynamics also enable separation of subpopulations of LDs correlated with different functions. We demonstrate that LD dynamics measured by chemical imaging are new markers to quantify the metabolic changes in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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23
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Parodi V, Jacchetti E, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Polli D, Raimondi MT. Nonlinear Optical Microscopy: From Fundamentals to Applications in Live Bioimaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:585363. [PMID: 33163482 PMCID: PMC7581943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.585363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent challenge in the field of bioimaging is to image vital, thick, and complex tissues in real time and in non-invasive mode. Among the different tools available for diagnostics, nonlinear optical (NLO) multi-photon microscopy allows label-free non-destructive investigation of physio-pathological processes in live samples at sub-cellular spatial resolution, enabling to study the mechanisms underlying several cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of NLO microscopy and the techniques suitable for biological applications, such as two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second and third harmonic generation (SHG-THG), and coherent Raman scattering (CRS). In addition, we present a few of the most recent examples of NLO imaging employed as a label-free diagnostic instrument to functionally monitor in vitro and in vivo vital biological specimens in their unperturbed state, highlighting the technological advantages of multi-modal, multi-photon NLO microscopy and the outstanding challenges in biomedical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parodi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) – CNR, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) – CNR, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) – CNR, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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24
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Lipid Stores and Lipid Metabolism Associated Gene Expression in Porcine and Bovine Parthenogenetic Embryos Revealed by Fluorescent Staining and RNA-seq. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186488. [PMID: 32899450 PMCID: PMC7555686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other mammalian species, porcine oocytes and embryos are characterized by large amounts of lipids stored mainly in the form of droplets in the cytoplasm. The amount and the morphology of lipid droplets (LD) change throughout the preimplantation development, however, relatively little is known about expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of early embryos. We compared porcine and bovine blastocyst stage embryos as well as dissected inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast (TE) cell populations with regard to lipid droplet storage and expression of genes functionally annotated to selected lipid gene ontology terms using RNA-seq. Comparing the number and the volume occupied by LD between bovine and porcine blastocysts, we have found significant differences both at the level of single embryo and a single blastomere. Aside from different lipid content, we found that embryos regulate the lipid metabolism differentially at the gene expression level. Out of 125 genes, we found 73 to be differentially expressed between entire porcine and bovine blastocyst, and 36 and 51 to be divergent between ICM and TE cell lines. We noticed significant involvement of cholesterol and ganglioside metabolism in preimplantation embryos, as well as a possible shift towards glucose, rather than pyruvate dependence in bovine embryos. A number of genes like DGAT1, CD36 or NR1H3 may serve as lipid associated markers indicating distinct regulatory mechanisms, while upregulated PLIN2, APOA1, SOAT1 indicate significant function during blastocyst formation and cell differentiation in both models.
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25
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Brusentsev EY, Chuyko EA, Okotrub KA, Igonina TN, Rozhkova IN, Ragaeva DS, Ranneva SV, Naprimerov VA, Amstislavsky SY. [Effects of a high-fat diet on the lipid profile of oocytes in mice]. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:533-538. [PMID: 33659838 PMCID: PMC7716514 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are evidences that obese women exhibit a detrimental oocyte quality. However, it remains unclear how this change is associated with obesity, indirectly - or directly through a change in the content and/or composition of lipids in oocytes. The aim of this work was to study effects of a high-fat diet applied to female donor mice on the amount and qualitative composition of lipids of immature and in vivo matured oocytes. A high-fat diet caused larger body weight in female mice compared with the control ( p < 0.001; 44.77 ± 1.46 and 35.22 ± 1.57, respectively), and increased the blood levels of cholesterol ( p < 0.05; 2.06 ± 0.10 and 1.78 ± 0.10, respectively) and triglycerides ( p < 0.05; 2.13 ± 0.23 and 1.49 ± 0.21, respectively). At the same time, this diet does not affect the level of unsaturation of lipids in immature (0.207 ± 0.004 in the experiment and 0.206 ± 0.002 in the control) and matured oocytes (0.212 ± 0.005 in the experiment and 0.211 ± 0.003 in the control). Total lipid content increased during in vivo maturation of mouse oocytes. The amount of lipids was greater in mature oocytes in the experimental group compared to the control ( p < 0.01; 8.15 ± 0.37 and 5.83 ± 0.14, respectively). An increase in intracellular lipid amount during oocyte maturation was revealed both after a standard diet ( p < 0.05; 4.72 ± 0.48 and 5.83 ± 0.14, respectively) and after a fat-rich diet ( p < 0.001; 3.45 ± 0.62 and 8.15 ± 0.37, respectively). Thus, during in vivo oocyte maturation in mice the content of intracellular lipids enhanced, the high-fat diet aggravated this dynamics of lipid increase during in vivo maturation of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Brusentsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Chuyko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T N Igonina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I N Rozhkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D S Ragaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S V Ranneva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Naprimerov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Ya Amstislavsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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26
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Wang S, Larina IV, Larin KV. Label-free optical imaging in developmental biology [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2017-2040. [PMID: 32341864 PMCID: PMC7173889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.381359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Application of optical imaging in developmental biology marks an exciting frontier in biomedical optics. Optical resolution and imaging depth allow for investigation of growing embryos at subcellular, cellular, and whole organism levels, while the complexity and variety of embryonic processes set multiple challenges stimulating the development of various live dynamic embryonic imaging approaches. Among other optical methods, label-free optical techniques attract an increasing interest as they allow investigation of developmental mechanisms without application of exogenous markers or fluorescent reporters. There has been a boost in development of label-free optical imaging techniques for studying embryonic development in animal models over the last decade, which revealed new information about early development and created new areas for investigation. Here, we review the recent progress in label-free optical embryonic imaging, discuss specific applications, and comment on future developments at the interface of photonics, engineering, and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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27
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Apter S, Ebner T, Freour T, Guns Y, Kovacic B, Le Clef N, Marques M, Meseguer M, Montjean D, Sfontouris I, Sturmey R, Coticchio G. Good practice recommendations for the use of time-lapse technology †. Hum Reprod Open 2020; 2020:hoaa008. [PMID: 32206731 PMCID: PMC7081060 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Ebner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Gynecological Endocrinology, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Freour
- Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yves Guns
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Borut Kovacic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Univerzitetni klinicni center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nathalie Le Clef
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Grimbergen, Belgium
| | | | - Marcos Meseguer
- IVF Laboratory, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia, Spain
| | - Debbie Montjean
- Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hopital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | | | - Roger Sturmey
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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28
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Chermuła B, Jeseta M, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Jankowski M, Kranc W, Kocherova I, Celichowski P, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Milakovic I, Machatkova M, Pawelczyk L, Iżycki D, Zabel M, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Piotrowska-Kempisty H. Genes regulating hormone stimulus and response to protein signaling revealed differential expression pattern during porcine oocyte in vitro maturation, confirmed by lipid concentration. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:77-95. [PMID: 32189110 PMCID: PMC7343741 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genes influencing oocyte maturation may be valuable for predicting their developmental potential, as well as discerning the mechanistic pathways regulating oocyte development. In the presented research microarray gene expression analysis of immature and in vitro matured porcine oocytes was performed. Two groups of oocytes were compared in the study: before (3 × n = 50) and after in vitro maturation (3 × n = 50). The selection of viable oocytes was performed using the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test. Furthermore, microarrays and RT-qPCR was used to analyze the transcriptome of the oocytes before and after IVM. The study focused on the genes undergoing differential expression in two gene-ontology groups: “Cellular response to hormone stimulus” and “Cellular response to unfolded protein”, which contain genes that may directly or indirectly be involved in signal transduction during oocyte maturation. Examination of all the genes of interest showed a lower level of their expression after IVM. From the total number of genes in these gene ontologies ten of the highest change in expression were identified: FOS, ID2, BTG2, CYR61, ESR1, AR, TACR3, CCND2, EGR2 and TGFBR3. The successful maturation of the oocytes was additionally confirmed with the use of lipid droplet assay. The genes were briefly described and related to the literature sources, to investigate their potential roles in the process of oocyte maturation. The results of the study may serve as a basic molecular reference for further research aimed at improving the methods of oocyte in vitro maturation, which plays an important role in the procedures of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Chermuła
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Elementary and Preclinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dariusz Iżycki
- Chair of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland.
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29
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Lloyd D, Millet CO, Williams CF, Hayes AJ, Pope SJA, Pope I, Borri P, Langbein W, Olsen LF, Isaacs MD, Lunding A. Functional imaging of a model unicell: Spironucleus vortens as an anaerobic but aerotolerant flagellated protist. Adv Microb Physiol 2020; 76:41-79. [PMID: 32408947 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in optical microscopy are continually narrowing the chasm in our appreciation of biological organization between the molecular and cellular levels, but many practical problems are still limiting. Observation is always limited by the rapid dynamics of ultrastructural modifications of intracellular components, and often by cell motility: imaging of the unicellular protist parasite of ornamental fish, Spironucleus vortens, has proved challenging. Autofluorescence of nicotinamide nucleotides and flavins in the 400-580 nm region of the visible spectrum, is the most useful indicator of cellular redox state and hence vitality. Fluorophores emitting in the red or near-infrared (i.e., phosphors) are less damaging and more penetrative than many routinely employed fluors. Mountants containing free radical scavengers minimize fluorophore photobleaching. Two-photon excitation provides a small focal spot, increased penetration, minimizes photon scattering and enables extended observations. Use of quantum dots clarifies the competition between endosomal uptake and exosomal extrusion. Rapid motility (161 μm/s) of the organism makes high resolution of ultrastructure difficult even at high scan speeds. Use of voltage-sensitive dyes determining transmembrane potentials of plasma membrane and hydrogenosomes (modified mitochondria) is also hindered by intracellular motion and controlled anesthesia perturbs membrane organization. Specificity of luminophore binding is always questionable; e.g. cationic lipophilic species widely used to measure membrane potentials also enter membrane-bounded neutral lipid droplet-filled organelles. This appears to be the case in S. vortens, where Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy unequivocally images the latter and simultaneous provides spectral identification at 2840 cm-1. Secondary Harmonic Generation highlights the highly ordered structure of the flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Coralie O Millet
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony J Hayes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Folke Olsen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marc D Isaacs
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Lunding
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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30
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Raman spectroscopy-based approach to study the female gamete. Theriogenology 2020; 150:268-275. [PMID: 32088036 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, an increasing interest has emerged on the development of new non-invasive methods for the assessment of oocyte quality in order to improve outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) either in medical or veterinary fields. Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) has been proposed as a promising tool for the examination of the mammalian female gamete and identification of markers of its developmental competence. This technique provides a unique spectral fingerprint indicative of molecular composition of the cell and allows probing subcellular compartments. Studies have been carried out analysing by RMS fixed or living oocytes derived from different animal models. RMS imaging has been successfully applied to discriminate the biochemical changes of the global molecular architecture of mouse oocytes at different stages of maturation and those occurring in different conditions of maturation and oocyte aging. RMS can also detect modifications of specific structural components, including the oocyte zona pellucida and F-actin subcortical cytoskeleton in fresh sheep oocytes and those underwent to vitrification procedures. Finally, the recent application of Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for examination of oocyte lipid component will be briefly discussed. CARS overcomes some limits of RMS providing vibrational and spectral information with higher sensitivity, spatial resolution which is ideal to study living oocytes. This review summarizes the research on RMS approaches for oocyte evaluation showing the high potential use, current limitations and new improvements.
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31
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Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles integral to energy homeostasis and a wide range of cellular processes. LDs physically and functionally interact with many partner organelles, including the ER, mitochondria, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Recent findings suggest that the dynamics of LD inter-organelle contacts is in part controlled by LD intracellular motility. LDs can be transported directly by motor proteins along either actin filaments or microtubules, via Kinesin-1, Cytoplasmic Dynein, and type V Myosins. LDs can also be propelled indirectly, by hitchhiking on other organelles, cytoplasmic flows, and potentially actin polymerization. Although the anchors that attach motors to LDs remain elusive, other regulators of LD motility have been identified, ranging from modification of the tracks to motor co-factors to members of the perilipin family of LD proteins. Manipulating these regulatory pathways provides a tool to probe whether altered motility affects organelle contacts and has revealed that LD motility can promote interactions with numerous partners, with profound consequences for metabolism. LD motility can cause dramatic redistribution of LDs between a clustered and a dispersed state, resulting in altered organelle contacts and LD turnover. We propose that LD motility can thus promote switches in the metabolic state of a cell. Finally, LD motility is also important for LD allocation during cell division. In a number of animal embryos, uneven allocation results in a large difference in LD content in distinct daughter cells, suggesting cell-type specific LD needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D Kilwein
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, RC Box 270211, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - M A Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, RC Box 270211, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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32
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Ovarian Cancer-Why Lipids Matter. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121870. [PMID: 31769430 PMCID: PMC6966536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the relevance of altered lipid metabolic pathways contributing to the poor prognosis of high grade serous ovarian cancer, as they relate to cancer metastasis and cancer stemness. Increased lipid uptake regulated by the receptor CD36 and the transport protein FABP4 has been implicated in ovarian cancer metastasis. The symbiotic relationship between ovarian cancer cells and adipocytes was shown to be important for sustaining widespread peritoneal and omental metastasis. Increased lipogenesis dependent on the fatty acid desaturase SCD1 was detected in ovarian cancer stem cells. Furthermore, response to therapy, specifically to platinum, was linked to increased fatty acid biogenesis, while the survival of drug tolerant cells was shown to depend on lipid peroxidation. These recent findings suggest that lipids are necessary elements supporting oncogenic signaling and the energetic needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. New strategies targeting key enzymes involved in lipid uptake or utilization in cancer cells have been shown to exert anti-tumor effects and are being developed as cancer interventions in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
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33
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Aizawa R, Ibayashi M, Tatsumi T, Yamamoto A, Kokubo T, Miyasaka N, Sato K, Ikeda S, Minami N, Tsukamoto S. Synthesis and maintenance of lipid droplets are essential for mouse preimplantation embryonic development. Development 2019; 146:dev181925. [PMID: 31772031 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are ubiquitous organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core coated with a phospholipid monolayer, play key roles in the regulation of cellular lipid metabolism. Although it is well known that mammalian oocytes and embryos contain LDs and that the amount of LDs varies among animal species, their physiological functions remain unclear. In this study, we have developed a method based on two-step centrifugation for efficient removal of almost all LDs from mouse MII oocytes (delipidation). We found that delipidated MII oocytes could be fertilized in vitro, and developed normally to the blastocyst stage even when the embryos were cultured in the absence of a fatty acid supply. LDs were newly synthesized and accumulated soon after delipidation, but chemical inhibition of long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) blocked this process, resulting in severe impairment of early embryonic development. Furthermore, we found that overabundance of LDs is detrimental to early embryonic development. Our findings demonstrate the importance of synthesis and maintenance of LDs, mediated in part by ACSL activity, during preimplantation embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Aizawa
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ibayashi
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tatsumi
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikeda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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34
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Brusentsev EY, Mokrousova VI, Igonina TN, Rozhkova IN, Amstislavsky SY. Role of Lipid Droplets in the Development of Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos in Mammals. Russ J Dev Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360419050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Mondol AS, Töpfer N, Rüger J, Neugebauer U, Popp J, Schie IW. New perspectives for viability studies with high-content analysis Raman spectroscopy (HCA-RS). Sci Rep 2019; 9:12653. [PMID: 31477762 PMCID: PMC6718400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in clinical and molecular biological studies, providing high chemical specificity without the necessity of labels and with little-to-no sample preparation. However, currently performed Raman-based studies of eukaryotic cells are still very laborious and time-consuming, resulting in a low number of sampled cells and questionable statistical validations. Furthermore, the approach requires a trained specialist to perform and analyze the experiments, rendering the method less attractive for most laboratories. In this work, we present a new high-content analysis Raman spectroscopy (HCA-RS) platform that overcomes the current challenges of conventional Raman spectroscopy implementations. HCA-RS allows sampling of a large number of cells under different physiological conditions without any user interaction. The performance of the approach is successfully demonstrated by the development of a Raman-based cell viability assay, i.e., the effect of doxorubicin concentration on monocytic THP-1 cells. A statistical model, principal component analysis combined with support vector machine (PCA-SVM), was found to successfully predict the percentage of viable cells in a mixed population and is in good agreement to results obtained by a standard cell viability assay. This study demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a standard high-throughput tool for clinical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saif Mondol
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Natalie Töpfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Center of Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Rüger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center of Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center of Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Iwan W Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert Einstein Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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36
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Bradley J, Pope I, Wang Y, Langbein W, Borri P, Swann K. Dynamic label-free imaging of lipid droplets and their link to fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation in mouse eggs. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228999. [PMID: 31182643 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian eggs generate most of their ATP by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate from the surrounding medium or from fatty acids that are stored as triacylglycerols within lipid droplets. The balance between pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation in generating ATP is not established. We have combined coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging with deuterium labelling of oleic acid to monitor turnover of fatty acids within lipid droplets of living mouse eggs. We found that loss of labelled oleic acid is promoted by pyruvate removal but minimised when β-oxidation is inhibited. Pyruvate removal also causes a significant dispersion of lipid droplets, while inhibition of β-oxidation causes droplet clustering. Live imaging of luciferase or FAD autofluorescence from mitochondria, suggest that inhibition of β-oxidation in mouse eggs only leads to a transient decrease in ATP because there is compensatory uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria. Inhibition of pyruvate uptake followed by β-oxidation caused a similar and successive decline in ATP. Our data suggest that β-oxidation and pyruvate oxidation contribute almost equally to resting ATP production in resting mouse eggs and that reorganisation of lipid droplets occurs in response to metabolic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Bradley
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
| | - Yisu Wang
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
| | - Karl Swann
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
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37
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Moura CC, Bourdakos KN, Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S. Live-imaging of Bioengineered Cartilage Tissue using Multimodal Non-linear Molecular Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5561. [PMID: 30944358 PMCID: PMC6447547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are non-linear techniques that allow label-free, non-destructive and non-invasive imaging for cellular and tissue analysis. Although live-imaging studies have been performed previously, concerns that they do not cause any changes at the molecular level in sensitive biological samples have not been addressed. This is important especially for stem cell differentiation and tissue engineering, if CARS/SHG microscopy is to be used as a non-invasive, label-free tool for assessment of the developing neo-tissue. In this work, we monitored the differentiation of human fetal-femur derived skeletal cells into cartilage in three-dimensional cultures using CARS and SHG microscopy and demonstrate the live-imaging of the same developing neo-tissue over time. Our work conclusively establishes that non-linear label-free imaging does not alter the phenotype or the gene expression at the different stages of differentiation and has no adverse effect on human skeletal cell growth and behaviour. Additionally, we show that CARS microscopy allows imaging of different molecules of interest, including lipids, proteins and glycosaminoglycans, in the bioengineered neo-cartilage. These studies demonstrate the label-free and truly non-invasive nature of live CARS and SHG imaging and their value and translation potential in skeletal research, regeneration medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Costa Moura
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.,Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos N Bourdakos
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.,Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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38
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Levchenko SM, Kuzmin AN, Ohulchanskyy TY, Pliss A, Qu J, Prasad PN. Near-Infrared Irradiation Affects Lipid Metabolism in Neuronal Cells, Inducing Lipid Droplets Formation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1517-1523. [PMID: 30499655 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that lipids play an outstanding role in cellular regulation, and their dysfunction has been linked to many diseases. Thus, modulation of lipid metabolism may provide new pathways for disease treatment or prevention. In this work, near-infrared (NIR) light was applied to modulate lipid metabolism and increase intracellular lipid content in rat cortical neurons (RCN). Using label-free CARS microscopy, we have monitored the intracellular lipid content in RCN at a single-cell level. A major increase in average level of lipid per cell after treatment with laser diode at 808 nm was found, nonlinearly dependent on the irradiation dose. Moreover, a striking formation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the irradiated RCN was discovered. Further experiments and analysis reveal a strong correlation between NIR light induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipids level, and LDs formation in RCN. Our findings can contribute to a development of therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders via NIR light control of lipid metabolism in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana M. Levchenko
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Andrey N. Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Advanced
Cytometry
Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street − Suite 499, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Advanced
Cytometry
Instrumentation Systems, LLC, 640 Ellicott Street − Suite 499, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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39
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Domingos Borges E, Aparecida Vireque A. Updating the Impact of Lipid Metabolism Modulation and Lipidomic Profiling on Oocyte Cryopreservation. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10310074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte cryopreservation has drastically improved in recent years and is receiving widespread clinical use with increasing demand for fertility preservation and assisted reproduction treatments. However, there are still several points to be reviewed in terms of suppressing sub-lethal damages and improving overall safety, especially when trying to preserve oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage or oocytes matured in vitro. The lipid content of oocytes is highly associated with both their competence and cryotolerance. Differences in lipid content are observed not just between different species but also at different developmental stages and when the oocytes are kept under different conditions, including cryopreservation. Many efforts have been made to understand how physiological or in vitro alterations in the lipid profile of oocytes impacts cryotolerance and vice-versa; however, the dynamics of cytosolic and membrane lipid involvement in the cryopreservation process remains poorly clarified in the human female gamete. This review presents an updated overview of the current state of cryopreservation techniques and oocyte lipidomics and highlights possible ways to improve cryotolerance, focussing on lipid content modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Domingos Borges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Aparecida Vireque
- Invitra – Assisted Reproductive Technologies Ltd., Supera Innovation and Technology Park, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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40
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Chen S, Wang J, Wang M, Lu J, Cai Y, Li B. In vitro fertilization alters phospholipid profiles in mouse placenta. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:557-567. [PMID: 30610659 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies on humans and rodents have clearly shown that in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with abnormal placenta formation and function. Currently, dysregulated placental lipid metabolism is one of the emerging pathogenetic pathways implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of IVF on lipid metabolism in the mouse placenta. METHODS Two groups of mouse placentas, composed of control and IVF, were collected at embryonic day 18.5. Placental lipid profiles were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The relative levels of individual lipid were examined and compared. The proteins and enzymes that regulate the phospholipid biosynthesis were also compared by western blot. RESULTS A significant increase in levels of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylglycerols, lysophosphatidylcholines, and mitochondrial cardiolipin were found in the IVF placenta. In addition, proteins and enzymes that regulate the phospholipid biosynthesis were also altered in IVF placentas. CONCLUSIONS After lipidomic analysis, we present the first detailed overview of the effect of IVF on lipid metabolism, especially phospholipid profiles in the placenta in a mouse model. The widespread lipidomic shifts identified in this study might explicate some of the placental dysfunction observed after IVF, thereby illustrating that phospholipids serve as early warning biomarkers of health risks in IVF offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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41
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Amstislavsky S, Mokrousova V, Brusentsev E, Okotrub K, Comizzoli P. Influence of Cellular Lipids on Cryopreservation of Mammalian Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos: A Review. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 17:76-83. [PMID: 30256133 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are among the most abundant and essential cell components. Specifically, cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) play crucial roles in cellular energy homeostasis. The foci of this review are (1) the composition and roles of lipids during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development, (2) possible causes of cryoinjuries in lipid-rich oocytes/embryos, and (3) ways to overcome these detrimental effects. Recent reports show that LDs in oocytes and embryos are not only energy depots but also are active organelles, possessing many other functions. In addition, analysis of the current literature confirms that lipid phase transition followed by phase separation during cryopreservation is one of the major causes of cryodamage in lipid-rich oocytes and embryos. While LDs and cell membranes are sensitive to chilling and freezing conditions, recent advances in vitrification and delipidation of lipid-rich oocytes and embryos partly mitigate cryodamage. The multidisciplinary approach is critical to reveal mechanisms underlying cryodamage and provides a theoretical basis for optimal cryopreservation of lipid-rich oocytes/embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Amstislavsky
- 1 Department of Cryopreservation and Reproductive Technologies, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina Mokrousova
- 1 Department of Cryopreservation and Reproductive Technologies, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- 2 Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eugeny Brusentsev
- 1 Department of Cryopreservation and Reproductive Technologies, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Okotrub
- 3 Laboratory of Condensed Matter, Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- 4 Center of Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia
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42
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Tsukamoto S, Tatsumi T. Degradation of maternal factors during preimplantation embryonic development. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:217-222. [PMID: 29695651 PMCID: PMC6021607 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During oogenesis, oocytes accumulate a large set of proteins derived from the maternal genome. These proteins, known as maternal proteins, are not only required for oocyte maturation and fertilization, but also implicated in subsequent embryonic development. However, most maternal proteins are degraded and their amino acid components are utilized for newly synthesized proteins from the embryonic genome. This process is known as the oocyte-to-embryo transition; because it occurs over a short period, mechanisms involving massive degradation of maternal proteins have been proposed. Intracellular protein degradation mechanisms can be broadly classified into two types. The first is the ubiquitin–proteasome system, a highly selective pathway in which ubiquitylated proteins are degraded by proteasomes. The second mechanism is autophagy, which involves lysosome-mediated degradation of cytoplasmic components. In this review, we describe recent advances in the understanding of autophagy, focusing on its role in early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tatsumi
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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43
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Tatsumi T, Takayama K, Ishii S, Yamamoto A, Hara T, Minami N, Miyasaka N, Kubota T, Matsuura A, Itakura E, Tsukamoto S. Forced lipophagy reveals that lipid droplets are required for early embryonic development in mouse. Development 2018; 145:145/4/dev161893. [PMID: 29475974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although autophagy is classically viewed as a non-selective degradation system, recent studies have revealed that various forms of selective autophagy also play crucial physiological roles. However, the induction of selective autophagy is not well understood. In this study, we established a forced selective autophagy system using a fusion of an autophagy adaptor and a substrate-binding protein. In both mammalian cells and fertilized mouse embryos, efficient forced lipophagy was induced by expression of a fusion of p62 (Sqstm1) and a lipid droplet (LD)-binding domain. In mouse embryos, induction of forced lipophagy caused a reduction in LD size and number, and decreased the triglyceride level throughout embryonic development, resulting in developmental retardation. Furthermore, lipophagy-induced embryos could eliminate excess LDs and were tolerant of lipotoxicity. Thus, by inducing forced lipophagy, expression of the p62 fusion protein generated LD-depleted cells, revealing an unexpected role of LD during preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tatsumi
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kaori Takayama
- Department of Nanobiology, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Taichi Hara
- Laboratory of Cellular Regulation, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kubota
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuura
- Department of Nanobiology, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Eisuke Itakura
- Department of Nanobiology, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Okotrub K, Amstislavsky S, Surovtsev N. Raman spectroscopy reveals the lipid phase transition in preimplantation mouse embryos during freezing. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Label-free in vivo Raman microspectroscopic imaging of the macromolecular architecture of oocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8945. [PMID: 28827720 PMCID: PMC5566217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) can provide information about oocyte competency through measurement of changes in the macromolecular architecture during oocyte development and maturation. Hitherto most spectroscopic studies have been limited to fixed oocytes due to the inherent difficulties working with live cells. Here we report the first three-dimensional images of living murine oocytes using CRS. We show that fixation induces significant changes in the macromolecular chemistry compared to living oocytes. A band at 1602 cm−1, assigned to a marker for mitochondria function was found in living oocytes but absent from fixed oocytes providing an in vivo marker. Fixation resulted in significant changes in protein and nucleic acid bands and the spatial distribution of organelles. Raman imaging of Metaphase I and II (MI, MII) and germinal vesicle stage oocytes showed changes in nuclear organisation and cytoplasm macromolecular architecture during these development and maturation stages related to changes in chromosome condensation, mitochondria aggregation and lipid droplet numbers.
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Olexiková L, Pivko J, Makarevich AV, Kubovičová E, Ostró A, Živčák J, Chrenek P. Ultrastructure of Cell Organelles in Pre-implantation Embryos from Cows with Different Body Condition Score. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:274-281. [PMID: 28239895 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphology of important cell organelles (mitochondria, lipid droplets, vacuoles, inclusion bodies and apoptotic bodies) in embryos derived from cows with different body condition score (BCS) was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Embryos were recovered on 7th day after the insemination by a standard non-surgical flushing of the uterine horns from superovulated Holstein Friesian cows with BCS 2, 3, 4 and 5. Thereafter, the good quality blastocysts were processed for TEM. The electronograms were evaluated by stereological analysis. The relative volume of lipid droplets in BCS4 and BCS5 embryos increased significantly (18.53 and 22.40%) when compared to BCS3 embryos (5.46%). In the embryos from the BCS4 or BCS5 cows, we observed different morphological patterns of mitochondria, as well as the mitochondria containing vacuoles. BCS4 and BCS5 embryo cell nuclei showed the structure typical for low transcription activity (none or very few reticular nucleoli); also dilated inter-cellular spaces were often observed in these embryos. In conclusion, differences in the ultrastructural morphology of embryos from over-conditioned cows (BCS4 and BCS5), particularly the higher lipid content in the cytoplasm, can be a marker of their low quality, and this fact can be a contributing factor to subfertility in over-conditioned cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Olexiková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecka 2, 95141, Lužianky-near-Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - J Pivko
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecka 2, 95141, Lužianky-near-Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - A V Makarevich
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecka 2, 95141, Lužianky-near-Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - E Kubovičová
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecka 2, 95141, Lužianky-near-Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - A Ostró
- Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, Clinics of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Živčák
- Technical University of Košice, Institute of Security and Biomedical Engineering, Letná 9, 042 00, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - P Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecka 2, 95141, Lužianky-near-Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Slovak University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tr.A.Hlinku 1, 94901, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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47
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Monti M, Calligaro A, Behr B, Pera RR, Redi CA, Wossidlo M. Functional topography of the fully grown human oocyte. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2769. [PMID: 28348419 PMCID: PMC5304266 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo maturation (IVM) of human oocytes is a technique used to increase the number of usable oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and represents a necessity for women with different ovarian pathologies. During IVM the oocytes progress from the germinal vesicle stage (GV) through the metaphase II and during this journey both nuclear and cytoplasmic rearrangements must be obtained to increase the probability to get viable and healthy zygotes/embryos after IVF. As the successful clinical outcomes of this technique are a reality, we wanted to investigate the causes behind oocytes maturation arrest. For obvious ethical reasons, we were able to analyze only few human immature oocytes discarded and donated to research by transmission electron microscopy showing that, as in the mouse, they have different chromatin and cytoplasmic organizations both essential for further embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Monti
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnologies Research Laboratories, San Matteo Foundation for Health, Hospitalization and Care, Pavia, Italy,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnologies Research Laboratories, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy. +39.0382.501021.
| | - Alberto Calligaro
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Barry Behr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renee Rejo Pera
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Carlo Alberto Redi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Mark Wossidlo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Hollins AJ, Parry L. Long-Term Culture of Intestinal Cell Progenitors: An Overview of Their Development, Application, and Associated Technologies. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:209-219. [PMID: 27882268 PMCID: PMC5101250 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Long-term culture of adult progenitor cells in 3D is a recently emerging technology that inhabits the space between 2D cell lines and organ slice culture. RECENT FINDINGS Adaptations to defined media components in the wake of advances in ES and iPS cell culture has led to the identification of conditions that maintained intestinal cell progenitors in culture. These conditions retain cellular heterogeneity of the normal or tumour tissue, and the cultures have been shown to be genetically stable, such that substantial biobanks are being created from patient derived material. This coupled with advances in analytical tools has generated a field, characterized by the term "organoid culture", that has huge potential for advancing drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and furthering the understanding of fundamental intestinal biology. SUMMARY In this review, we describe the approaches available for the long-term culture of intestinal cells from normal and diseased tissue, the current challenges, and how the technology is likely to develop further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
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