1
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Godinho SA, Basto R. Centrosomes and cancer: balancing tumor-promoting and inhibitory roles. Trends Cell Biol 2025:S0962-8924(25)00043-1. [PMID: 40274495 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2025.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
The centrosome duplicates only once per cell cycle such that, in preparation for mitosis, cells contain two centrosomes, allowing the formation of a bipolar spindle and segregation of chromosomes to the two daughter cells. Defects in centrosome numbers have long been recognized in human tumors and are postulated to be a driver of malignancy through chromosome instability. However, current work has revealed a multitude of phenotypes associated with amplified centrosomes beyond mitotic defects that may play a role in disease onset and progression, including cancer. This review focuses on the complexity of outcomes connected to centrosome abnormalities and the challenges that result from aberrant loss and gain of centrosome numbers. We discuss the tumor-promoting and inhibitory roles of amplified centrosomes, and propose that their impact on both physiology and disease is intrinsically linked to cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Godinho
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL Research University), Paris, France.
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2
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Tollervey F, Rios MU, Zagoriy E, Woodruff JB, Mahamid J. Molecular architectures of centrosomes in C. elegans embryos visualized by cryo-electron tomography. Dev Cell 2025; 60:885-900.e5. [PMID: 39721584 PMCID: PMC11948214 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes organize microtubules that are essential for mitotic divisions in animal cells. They consist of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM). Questions related to mechanisms of centriole assembly, PCM organization, and spindle microtubule formation remain unanswered, partly due to limited availability of molecular-resolution structural data inside cells. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to visualize centrosomes across the cell cycle in cells isolated from C. elegans embryos. We describe a pseudo-timeline of centriole assembly and identify distinct structural features in both mother and daughter centrioles. We find that centrioles and PCM microtubules differ in protofilament number (13 versus 11), which could be explained by atypical γ-tubulin ring complexes with 11-fold symmetry identified at the minus ends of short PCM microtubule segments. We further characterize a porous and disordered network that forms the interconnected PCM. Thus, our work builds a three-dimensional structural atlas that helps explain how centrosomes assemble, grow, and achieve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Tollervey
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manolo U Rios
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgenia Zagoriy
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B Woodruff
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Li J, Shami GJ, Liffner B, Cho E, Braet F, Duraisingh MT, Absalon S, Dixon MWA, Tilley L. Disruption of Plasmodium falciparum kinetochore proteins destabilises the nexus between the centrosome equivalent and the mitotic apparatus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5794. [PMID: 38987258 PMCID: PMC11237077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of malaria and remains a pathogen of global importance. Asexual blood stage replication, via a process called schizogony, is an important target for the development of new antimalarials. Here we use ultrastructure-expansion microscopy to probe the organisation of the chromosome-capturing kinetochores in relation to the mitotic spindle, the centriolar plaque, the centromeres and the apical organelles during schizont development. Conditional disruption of the kinetochore components, PfNDC80 and PfNuf2, is associated with aberrant mitotic spindle organisation, disruption of the centromere marker, CENH3 and impaired karyokinesis. Surprisingly, kinetochore disruption also leads to disengagement of the centrosome equivalent from the nuclear envelope. Severing the connection between the nucleus and the apical complex leads to the formation of merozoites lacking nuclei. Here, we show that correct assembly of the kinetochore/spindle complex plays a previously unrecognised role in positioning the nascent apical complex in developing P. falciparum merozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerald J Shami
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine) & Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liffner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ellie Cho
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine) & Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manoj T Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Absalon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew W A Dixon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Leann Tilley
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Mascanzoni F, Ayala I, Iannitti R, Luini A, Colanzi A. The Golgi checkpoint: Golgi unlinking during G2 is necessary for spindle formation and cytokinesis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302469. [PMID: 38479814 PMCID: PMC10941482 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Entry into mitosis requires not only correct DNA replication but also extensive cell reorganization, including the separation of the Golgi ribbon into isolated stacks. To understand the significance of pre-mitotic Golgi reorganization, we devised a strategy to first block Golgi segregation, with the consequent G2-arrest, and then force entry into mitosis. We found that the cells forced to enter mitosis with an intact Golgi ribbon showed remarkable cell division defects, including spindle multipolarity and binucleation. The spindle defects were caused by reduced levels at the centrosome of the kinase Aurora-A, a pivotal spindle formation regulator controlled by Golgi segregation. Overexpression of Aurora-A rescued spindle formation, indicating a crucial role of the Golgi-dependent recruitment of Aurora-A at the centrosome. Thus, our results reveal that alterations of the pre-mitotic Golgi segregation in G2 have profound consequences on the fidelity of later mitotic processes and represent potential risk factors for cell transformation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mascanzoni
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Iannitti
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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5
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Tollervey F, Rios MU, Zagoriy E, Woodruff JB, Mahamid J. Native molecular architectures of centrosomes in C. elegans embryos. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587742. [PMID: 38617234 PMCID: PMC11014625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes organize microtubules that are essential for mitotic divisions in animal cells. They consist of centrioles surrounded by Pericentriolar Material (PCM). Questions related to mechanisms of centriole assembly, PCM organization, and microtubule formation remain unanswered, in part due to limited availability of molecular-resolution structural analyses in situ. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to visualize centrosomes across the cell cycle in cells isolated from C. elegans embryos. We describe a pseudo-timeline of centriole assembly and identify distinct structural features including a cartwheel in daughter centrioles, and incomplete microtubule doublets surrounded by a star-shaped density in mother centrioles. We find that centriole and PCM microtubules differ in protofilament number (13 versus 11) indicating distinct nucleation mechanisms. This difference could be explained by atypical γ-tubulin ring complexes with 11-fold symmetry identified at the minus ends of short PCM microtubules. We further characterize a porous and disordered network that forms the interconnected PCM. Thus, our work builds a three-dimensional structural atlas that helps explain how centrosomes assemble, grow, and achieve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Tollervey
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manolo U. Rios
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgenia Zagoriy
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B. Woodruff
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Hannaford MR, Rusan NM. Positioning centrioles and centrosomes. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311140. [PMID: 38512059 PMCID: PMC10959756 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are the primary microtubule organizer in eukaryotic cells. In addition to shaping the intracellular microtubule network and the mitotic spindle, centrosomes are responsible for positioning cilia and flagella. To fulfill these diverse functions, centrosomes must be properly located within cells, which requires that they undergo intracellular transport. Importantly, centrosome mispositioning has been linked to ciliopathies, cancer, and infertility. The mechanisms by which centrosomes migrate are diverse and context dependent. In many cells, centrosomes move via indirect motor transport, whereby centrosomal microtubules engage anchored motor proteins that exert forces on those microtubules, resulting in centrosome movement. However, in some cases, centrosomes move via direct motor transport, whereby the centrosome or centriole functions as cargo that directly binds molecular motors which then walk on stationary microtubules. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of centrosome motility and the consequences of centrosome mispositioning and identify key questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Hannaford
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nasser M. Rusan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Fujii K, Kondo T, Kimura A. Enucleation of the C. elegans embryo revealed dynein-dependent spacing between microtubule asters. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302427. [PMID: 37931957 PMCID: PMC10627822 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular positioning of the centrosome, a major microtubule-organizing center, is important for cellular functions. One of the features of centrosome positioning is the spacing between centrosomes; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To characterize the spacing activity in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, a genetic setup was developed to produce enucleated embryos. The centrosome was duplicated multiple times in the enucleated embryo, which enabled us to characterize the chromosome-independent spacing activity between sister and non-sister centrosome pairs. We found that the timely spacing depended on cytoplasmic dynein, and we propose a stoichiometric model of cortical and cytoplasmic pulling forces for the spacing between centrosomes. We also observed dynein-independent but non-muscle myosin II-dependent movement of centrosomes in the later cell cycle phase. The spacing mechanisms revealed in this study are expected to function between centrosomes in general, regardless of the presence of a chromosome/nucleus between them, including centrosome separation and spindle elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fujii
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Mishima, Japan
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Tomo Kondo
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kimura
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Mishima, Japan
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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8
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Ling YH, Chen Y, Leung KN, Chan KM, Liu WK. Cell cycle regulation of the psoriasis associated gene CCHCR1 by transcription factor E2F1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294661. [PMID: 38128007 PMCID: PMC10734992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) was first identified as a candidate gene in psoriasis and has lately been found to be associated with a wide range of clinical conditions including COVID-19. CCHCR1 is located within P-bodies and centrosomes, but its exact role in these two subcellular structures and its transcriptional control remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that CCHCR1 shares a bidirectional promoter with its neighboring gene, TCF19. This bidirectional promoter is activated by the G1/S-regulatory transcription factor E2F1, and both genes are co-induced during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. A luciferase reporter assay suggests that the short intergenic sequence, only 287 bp in length, is sufficient for the G1/S induction of both genes, but the expression of CCHCR1 is further enhanced by the presence of exon 1 from both TCF19 and CCHCR1. This research uncovers the transcriptional regulation of the CCHCR1 gene, offering new perspectives on its function. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of diseases associated with CCHCR1 and may serve as a foundational benchmark for future research in these vital medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yick Hin Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yingying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Nam Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - W. K. Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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9
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Gottardo M, Riparbelli MG, Callaini G, Megraw TL. Evidence for intraflagellar transport in butterfly spermatocyte cilia. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:112-122. [PMID: 37036073 PMCID: PMC10330035 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In the model organism insect Drosophila melanogaster short cilia assemble on spermatocytes that elaborate into 1.8 mm long flagella during spermatid differentiation. A unique feature of these cilia/flagella is their lack of dependence on intraflagellar transport (IFT) for their assembly. Here, we show that in the common butterfly Pieris brassicae, the spermatocyte cilia are exceptionally long: about 40 μm compared to less than 1 μm in Drosophila. By transmission electron microscopy, we show that P. brassicae spermatocytes display several features not found in melanogaster, including compelling evidence of IFT structures and features of motile cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
- These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
- These Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Timothy L. Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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10
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Gorry R, Brennan K, Lavin PTM, Sheridan R, Mc Gee MM. Phosphorylation of the prolyl isomerase Cyclophilin A regulates its localisation and release from the centrosome during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:951-966. [PMID: 36691345 PMCID: PMC10054169 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2167430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome acts as a protein platform from which proteins are deployed to function throughout the cell cycle. Previously, we have shown that the prolyl isomerase Cyclophilin A (CypA) localizes to the centrosome in interphase and re-localizes to the midbody during mitosis where it functions in cytokinesis. In this study, investigation of CypA by SDS-PAGE during the cell cycle reveals that it undergoes a mobility shift during mitosis, indicative of a post-translational modification, which may correlate with its subcellular re-localization. Due to the lack of a phospho-specific antibody, we used site-directed mutagenesis to demonstrate that the previously identified serine 77 phosphorylation site within CypA is important for control of CypA centrosome localization. Furthermore, CypA is shown to interact with the mitotic NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2) during interphase and mitosis, while also interacting with the Nek2-antagonist PP1 during interphase but not during mitosis, suggesting a potential role for the Nek2-PP1 complex in CypA phospho-regulation. In support of this, Nek2 is capable of phosphorylating CypA in vitro. Overall, this work reveals that phosphorylation of CypA at serine 77 is important for its release from the centrosome during mitosis and may be regulated by the activity of Nek2 and PP1 during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gorry
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Kieran Brennan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul TM Lavin
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Sheridan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Margaret M Mc Gee
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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11
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Kao CH, Su TY, Huang WS, Lu XY, Jane WN, Huang CY, Huang HH, Wang WJ. TFEB- and TFE3-dependent autophagy activation supports cancer proliferation in the absence of centrosomes. Autophagy 2022; 18:2830-2850. [PMID: 35316161 PMCID: PMC9673955 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2051880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a phenomenon frequently observed in human cancers, so centrosome depletion has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy. However, despite being afflicted with a lack of centrosomes, many cancer cells can still proliferate, implying there are impediments to adopting centrosome depletion as a treatment strategy. Here, we show that TFEB- and TFE3-dependent autophagy activation contributes to acentrosomal cancer proliferation. Our biochemical analyses uncover that both TFEB and TFE3 are novel PLK4 (polo like kinase 4) substrates. Centrosome depletion inactivates PLK4, resulting in TFEB and TFE3 dephosphorylation and subsequent promotion of TFEB and TFE3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of autophagy- and lysosome-related genes. A combination of centrosome depletion and inhibition of the TFEB-TFE3 autophagy-lysosome pathway induced strongly anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells. Thus, our findings point to a new strategy for combating cancer.Abbreviations: AdCre: adenoviral Cre recombinase; AdLuc: adenoviral luciferase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DKO: double knockout; GFP: green fluorescent protein; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LTR: LysoTracker Red; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MITF: melanocyte inducing transcription factor; PLK4: polo like kinase 4; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SASS6: SAS-6 centriolar assembly protein; STIL: STIL centriolar assembly protein; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TFEBΔNLS: TFEB lacking a nuclear localization signal; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Su
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei-Syun Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Xin-Ying Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yung Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
- CONTACT Won-Jing Wang Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, TaipeiTaiwan
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12
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Huang F, Xu X, Xin G, Zhang B, Jiang Q, Zhang C. Cartwheel disassembly regulated by CDK1-cyclin B kinase allows human centriole disengagement and licensing. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102658. [PMID: 36356903 PMCID: PMC9763691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartwheel assembly is considered the first step in the initiation of procentriole biogenesis; however, the reason for persistence of the assembled human cartwheel structure from S phase to late mitosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate mainly using cell synchronization, RNA interference, immunofluorescence and time-lapse-microscopy, biochemical analysis, and methods that the cartwheel persistently assembles and maintains centriole engagement and centrosome integrity during S phase to late G2 phase. Blockade of the continuous accumulation of centriolar Sas-6, a major cartwheel protein, after procentriole formation induces premature centriole disengagement and disrupts pericentriolar matrix integrity. Additionally, we determined that during mitosis, CDK1-cyclin B phosphorylates Sas-6 at T495 and S510, disrupting its binding to cartwheel component STIL and pericentriolar component Nedd1 and promoting cartwheel disassembly and centriole disengagement. Perturbation of this phosphorylation maintains the accumulation of centriolar Sas-6 and retains centriole engagement during mitotic exit, which results in the inhibition of centriole reduplication. Collectively, these data demonstrate that persistent cartwheel assembly after procentriole formation maintains centriole engagement and that this configuration is relieved through phosphorylation of Sas-6 by CDK1-cyclin B during mitosis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Hannaford MR, Liu R, Billington N, Swider ZT, Galletta BJ, Fagerstrom CJ, Combs C, Sellers JR, Rusan NM. Pericentrin interacts with Kinesin-1 to drive centriole motility. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202112097. [PMID: 35929834 PMCID: PMC9361567 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome positioning is essential for their function. Typically, centrosomes are transported to various cellular locations through the interaction of centrosomal microtubules (MTs) with motor proteins anchored at the cortex or the nuclear surface. However, it remains unknown how centrioles migrate in cellular contexts in which they do not nucleate MTs. Here, we demonstrate that during interphase, inactive centrioles move directly along the interphase MT network as Kinesin-1 cargo. We identify Pericentrin-Like-Protein (PLP) as a novel Kinesin-1 interacting molecule essential for centriole motility. In vitro assays show that PLP directly interacts with the cargo binding domain of Kinesin-1, allowing PLP to migrate on MTs. Binding assays using purified proteins revealed that relief of Kinesin-1 autoinhibition is critical for its interaction with PLP. Finally, our studies of neural stem cell asymmetric divisions in the Drosophila brain show that the PLP-Kinesin-1 interaction is essential for the timely separation of centrioles, the asymmetry of centrosome activity, and the age-dependent centrosome inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Hannaford
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rong Liu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Neil Billington
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zachary T. Swider
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian J. Galletta
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carey J. Fagerstrom
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christian Combs
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - James R. Sellers
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nasser M. Rusan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhang W. Epigenetic Signatures of Centrosomes Are Novel Targets in Cancer Diagnosis: Insights from an Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:14. [PMID: 35735471 PMCID: PMC9222712 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome plays a central role for cellular signaling and is critical for several fundamental cellular processes in human cells. Centrosome abnormalities have been linked to multiple solid tumors and hematological malignancies. We sought to explore the potential role of the DNA methylation, a critical epigenetic modification, of centrosome-related genes in different cancers. The 450K array DNA methylation data and RNA-seq data were downloaded for ~4000 tumor samples and ~500 normal controls from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, covering 11 major cancer types. Cancers with more than 30 normal controls were retained for analysis. Differentially modified CpGs of centrosome genes were identified, and cancer-specific epigenetic models were developed using a machine-learning algorithm for each cancer type. The association between the methylation level of differential CpGs and the corresponding gene expression, as well as the co-localization of the differential CpGs and cis-regulatory elements were evaluated. In total, 2761 CpGs located on 160 centrosome genes for 6 cancers were included in the analysis. Cancer-specific models demonstrated a high accuracy in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC > 0.9) in five cancers and showed tissue specificity. This study enhanced our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the DNA methylation of centrosome-related genes in cancers, and showed the potential of these epigenetic modifications as novel cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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15
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Osadska M, Selicky T, Kretova M, Jurcik J, Sivakova B, Cipakova I, Cipak L. The Interplay of Cohesin and RNA Processing Factors: The Impact of Their Alterations on Genome Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3939. [PMID: 35409298 PMCID: PMC8999970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin, a multi-subunit protein complex, plays important roles in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA replication, chromatin organization, gene expression, transcription regulation, and the recombination or repair of DNA damage. Recently, several studies suggested that the functions of cohesin rely not only on cohesin-related protein-protein interactions, their post-translational modifications or specific DNA modifications, but that some RNA processing factors also play an important role in the regulation of cohesin functions. Therefore, the mutations and changes in the expression of cohesin subunits or alterations in the interactions between cohesin and RNA processing factors have been shown to have an impact on cohesion, the fidelity of chromosome segregation and, ultimately, on genome stability. In this review, we provide an overview of the cohesin complex and its role in chromosome segregation, highlight the causes and consequences of mutations and changes in the expression of cohesin subunits, and discuss the RNA processing factors that participate in the regulation of the processes involved in chromosome segregation. Overall, an understanding of the molecular determinants of the interplay between cohesin and RNA processing factors might help us to better understand the molecular mechanisms ensuring the integrity of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Osadska
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Tomas Selicky
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Miroslava Kretova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jan Jurcik
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Barbara Sivakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ingrid Cipakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Lubos Cipak
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
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16
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Floriot S, Bellutti L, Castille J, Moison P, Messiaen S, Passet B, Boulanger L, Boukadiri A, Tourpin S, Beauvallet C, Vilotte M, Riviere J, Péchoux C, Bertaud M, Vilotte JL, Livera G. CEP250 is Required for Maintaining Centrosome Cohesion in the Germline and Fertility in Male Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:754054. [PMID: 35127699 PMCID: PMC8809461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Male gametogenesis involves both mitotic divisions to amplify germ cell progenitors that gradually differentiate and meiotic divisions. Centrosomal regulation is essential for both types of divisions, with centrioles remaining tightly paired during the interphase. Here, we generated and characterized the phenotype of mutant mice devoid of Cep250/C-Nap1, a gene encoding for a docking protein for fibers linking centrioles, and characterized their phenotype. The Cep250-/- mice presented with no major defects, apart from male infertility due to a reduction in the spermatogonial pool and the meiotic blockade. Spermatogonial stem cells expressing Zbtb16 were not affected, whereas the differentiating spermatogonia were vastly lost. These cells displayed abnormal γH2AX-staining, accompanied by an increase in the apoptotic rate. The few germ cells that survived at this stage, entered the meiotic prophase I and were arrested at a pachytene-like stage, likely due to synapsis defects and the unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks. In these cells, centrosomes split up precociously, with γ-tubulin foci being separated whereas these were closely associated in wild-type cells. Interestingly, this lack of cohesion was also observed in wild-type female meiocytes, likely explaining the normal fertility of Cep250-/- female mice. Taken together, this study proposes a specific requirement of centrosome cohesion in the male germline, with a crucial role of CEP250 in both differentiating spermatogonia and meiotic spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Floriot
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laura Bellutti
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Laura Bellutti, ; Gabriel Livera,
| | - Johan Castille
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pauline Moison
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Boulanger
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Abdelhak Boukadiri
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Tourpin
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Marthe Vilotte
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Riviere
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maud Bertaud
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, IRCM/IBFJ CEA, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Laura Bellutti, ; Gabriel Livera,
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17
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Tomasina R, González FC, Francia ME. Structural and Functional Insights into the Microtubule Organizing Centers of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2503. [PMID: 34946106 PMCID: PMC8705618 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) perform critical cellular tasks by nucleating, stabilizing, and anchoring microtubule's minus ends. These capacities impact tremendously a wide array of cellular functions ranging from ascribing cell shape to orchestrating cell division and generating motile structures, among others. The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 6000 single-celled obligate intracellular parasitic species. Many of the apicomplexan are well known pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and the Plasmodium species, causative agents of toxoplasmosis and malaria, respectively. Microtubule organization in these parasites is critical for organizing the cortical cytoskeleton, enabling host cell penetration and the positioning of large organelles, driving cell division and directing the formation of flagella in sexual life stages. Apicomplexans are a prime example of MTOC diversity displaying multiple functional and structural MTOCs combinations within a single species. This diversity can only be fully understood in light of each organism's specific MT nucleation requirements and their evolutionary history. Insight into apicomplexan MTOCs had traditionally been limited to classical ultrastructural work by transmission electron microscopy. However, in the past few years, a large body of molecular insight has emerged. In this work we describe the latest insights into nuclear MTOC biology in two major human and animal disease causing Apicomplexans: Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Tomasina
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Biology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (R.T.); (F.C.G.)
- Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana C. González
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Biology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (R.T.); (F.C.G.)
- Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Maria E. Francia
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Biology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (R.T.); (F.C.G.)
- Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
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18
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Luan Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Li Q, Wen J, Gao S, Yang Y. Centrosomal-associated Proteins: Potential therapeutic targets for solid tumors? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112292. [PMID: 34700231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is a special organelle in human cells and an organizing unit for microtubules and signaling molecules. In addition, the centrosome is tightly restricted during the cell cycle and forms the basal body of the cilia in ciliated cells. Centrosome abnormality is frequently observed in malignant tumors. The dysregulation of centrosome-associated proteins leads to multipolar mitosis, aneuploidy, and nondirected cell migration, and therefore promotes cancer progression. The overduplication of primary centrosome and the accumulation of chromosome, comprise the majority cause of chromosomal mis-segregation in cancer cells. This review discusses the structure and function of the centrosome and the role of its associated proteins in the progression of solid tumors. We summarized the effects of centrosome amplification abnormalities and other centrosome-related phenotypes on tumors. The mechanism of the delineation of centrosome amplification with tumor malignancy remains to be decided. A better understanding of centrosome abnormality in tumorigenesis may be useful to screen novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Mingli Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Qianqian Li
- The Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Osteology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Siqi Gao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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19
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Tools used to assay genomic instability in cancers and cancer meiomitosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:159-177. [PMID: 34841477 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a defining characteristic of cancer and the analysis of DNA damage at the chromosome level is a crucial part of the study of carcinogenesis and genotoxicity. Chromosomal instability (CIN), the most common level of genomic instability in cancers, is defined as the rate of loss or gain of chromosomes through successive divisions. As such, DNA in cancer cells is highly unstable. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. There is a debate as to whether instability succeeds transformation, or if it is a by-product of cancer, and therefore, studying potential molecular and cellular contributors of genomic instability is of high importance. Recent work has suggested an important role for ectopic expression of meiosis genes in driving genomic instability via a process called meiomitosis. Improving understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the development of targeted therapies that exploit DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Here, we discuss a workflow of novel and established techniques used to assess chromosomal instability as well as the nature of genomic instability such as double strand breaks, micronuclei, and chromatin bridges. For each technique, we discuss their advantages and limitations in a lab setting. Lastly, we provide detailed protocols for the discussed techniques.
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20
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Simon CS, Funaya C, Bauer J, Voβ Y, Machado M, Penning A, Klaschka D, Cyrklaff M, Kim J, Ganter M, Guizetti J. An extended DNA-free intranuclear compartment organizes centrosome microtubules in malaria parasites. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202101199. [PMID: 34535568 PMCID: PMC8473725 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of Plasmodium falciparum in red blood cells is the cause of malaria and is underpinned by an unconventional cell division mode, called schizogony. Contrary to model organisms, P. falciparum replicates by multiple rounds of nuclear divisions that are not interrupted by cytokinesis. Organization and dynamics of critical nuclear division factors remain poorly understood. Centriolar plaques, the centrosomes of P. falciparum, serve as microtubule organizing centers and have an acentriolar, amorphous structure. The small size of parasite nuclei has precluded detailed analysis of intranuclear microtubule organization by classical fluorescence microscopy. We apply recently developed super-resolution and time-lapse imaging protocols to describe microtubule reconfiguration during schizogony. Analysis of centrin, nuclear pore, and microtubule positioning reveals two distinct compartments of the centriolar plaque. Whereas centrin is extranuclear, we confirm by correlative light and electron tomography that microtubules are nucleated in a previously unknown and extended intranuclear compartment, which is devoid of chromatin but protein-dense. This study generates a working model for an unconventional centrosome and enables a better understanding about the diversity of eukaryotic cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Simon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Bauer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Voβ
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta Machado
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexander Penning
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darius Klaschka
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marek Cyrklaff
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juyeop Kim
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Ganter
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Guizetti
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Shao X, Ding Z, Zhou W, Li Y, Li Z, Cui H, Lin X, Cao G, Cheng B, Sun H, Li M, Liu K, Lu D, Geng S, Shi W, Zhang G, Song Q, Chen L, Wang G, Su W, Cai L, Fang L, Leong DT, Li Y, Yu XF, Li H. Intrinsic bioactivity of black phosphorus nanomaterials on mitotic centrosome destabilization through suppression of PLK1 kinase. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1150-1160. [PMID: 34354264 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although nanomaterials have shown promising biomedical application potential, incomplete understanding of their molecular interactions with biological systems prevents their inclusion into mainstream clinical applications. Here we show that black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials directly affect the cell cycle's centrosome machinery. BP destabilizes mitotic centrosomes by attenuating the cohesion of pericentriolar material and consequently leads to centrosome fragmentation within mitosis. As a result, BP-treated cells exhibit multipolar spindles and mitotic delay, and ultimately undergo apoptosis. Mechanistically, BP compromises centrosome integrity by deactivating the centrosome kinase polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). BP directly binds to PLK1, inducing its aggregation, decreasing its cytosolic mobility and eventually restricting its recruitment to centrosomes for activation. With this mechanism, BP nanomaterials show great anticancer potential in tumour xenografted mice. Together, our study reveals a molecular mechanism for the tumoricidal properties of BP and proposes a direction for biomedical application of nanomaterials by exploring their intrinsic bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Shao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoli Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binghua Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqing Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyong Geng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingle Song
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wu Su
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijing Fang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hongchang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Shenzhen, China.
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22
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Flint Ashery S, Stadler N. Palimpsests and urban pasts: The janus-faced nature of whitechapel. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251064. [PMID: 34499660 PMCID: PMC8428666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article examines how palimpsests in city spaces are mediated and negotiated by pedestrians' individual everyday experiences. The literature on city spaces and palimpsests is rich; however, it has not examined the sharing and fusing of palimpsests into everyday life. To fill this lacuna, we explore how pedestrians mediate the physical path of the parcellations and the layers of meanings accrued over the years. We describe what we term the "Janus face of Whitechapel Road" that characterizes the multidimensional and ever-changing face of London as a world city. We look at the different traffic hinges distributed throughout the urban setting and track people as they encounter these historical and aesthetic landmarks. The experience of London's palimpsests is an exemplar of this Janus's face, governed by transitions, time, duality, and passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Flint Ashery
- The Department of Geography and Environment, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nurit Stadler
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Badarudeen B, Anand U, Mukhopadhyay S, Manna TK. Ubiquitin signaling in the control of centriole duplication. FEBS J 2021; 289:4830-4849. [PMID: 34115927 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome plays an essential role in maintaining genetic stability, ciliogenesis and cell polarisation. The core of the centrosome is made up of two centrioles that duplicate precisely once during every cell cycle to generate two centrosomes that are required for bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Abundance of centriole proteins at optimal levels and their recruitment to the centrosome are tightly regulated in time and space in order to restrict aberrant duplication of centrioles, a phenomenon that is observed in many cancers. Recent advances have conclusively shown that dedicated ubiquitin ligase-dependent protein degradation machineries are involved in governing centriole duplication. These studies revealed intricate mechanistic insights into how the ubiquitin ligases target different centriole proteins. In certain cases, a specific ubiquitin ligase targets a number of substrate proteins that co-regulate centriole assembly, prompting the possibility that substrate-targeting occurs during formation of the sub-centriolar structures. There are also instances where a specific centriole duplication protein is targeted by several ubiquitin ligases at different stages of the cell cycle, suggesting synchronised actions. Recent evidence also indicated a direct association of E3 ubiquitin ligase with the centrioles, supporting the notion that substrate-targeting occurs in the organelle itself. In this review, we highlight these advances by underlining the mechanisms of how different ubiquitin ligase machineries control centriole duplication and discuss our views on their coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshad Badarudeen
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
| | - Ushma Anand
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
| | - Swarnendu Mukhopadhyay
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, India
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24
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Principal Postulates of Centrosomal Biology. Version 2020. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102156. [PMID: 32987651 PMCID: PMC7598677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome, which consists of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material, is a unique structure that has retained its main features in organisms of various taxonomic groups from unicellular algae to mammals over one billion years of evolution. In addition to the most noticeable function of organizing the microtubule system in mitosis and interphase, the centrosome performs many other cell functions. In particular, centrioles are the basis for the formation of sensitive primary cilia and motile cilia and flagella. Another principal function of centrosomes is the concentration in one place of regulatory proteins responsible for the cell's progression along the cell cycle. Despite the existing exceptions, the functioning of the centrosome is subject to general principles, which are discussed in this review.
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25
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Klena N, Le Guennec M, Tassin AM, van den Hoek H, Erdmann PS, Schaffer M, Geimer S, Aeschlimann G, Kovacik L, Sadian Y, Goldie KN, Stahlberg H, Engel BD, Hamel V, Guichard P. Architecture of the centriole cartwheel-containing region revealed by cryo-electron tomography. EMBO J 2020; 39:e106246. [PMID: 32954513 PMCID: PMC7667884 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved barrels of microtubule triplets that form the core of the centrosome and the base of the cilium. While the crucial role of the proximal region in centriole biogenesis has been well documented, its native architecture and evolutionary conservation remain relatively unexplored. Here, using cryo-electron tomography of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, we report on the architectural diversity of the centriole's proximal cartwheel-bearing region. Our work reveals that the cartwheel central hub is constructed from a stack of paired rings with cartwheel inner densities inside. In both Paramecium and Chlamydomonas, the repeating structural unit of the cartwheel has a periodicity of 25 nm and consists of three ring pairs, with 6 radial spokes emanating and merging into a single bundle that connects to the microtubule triplet via the D2-rod and the pinhead. Finally, we identified that the cartwheel is indirectly connected to the A-C linker through the triplet base structure extending from the pinhead. Together, our work provides unprecedented evolutionary insights into the architecture of the centriole proximal region, which underlies centriole biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Klena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maeva Le Guennec
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Tassin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hugo van den Hoek
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp S Erdmann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Lubomir Kovacik
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yashar Sadian
- Bioimaging and Cryogenic Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth N Goldie
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Engel
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Basal Body Protein TbSAF1 Is Required for Microtubule Quartet Anchorage to the Basal Bodies in Trypanosoma brucei. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00668-20. [PMID: 32518185 PMCID: PMC7291619 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00668-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei contains a large array of single-copied organelles and structures. Through extensive interorganelle connections, these structures replicate and divide following a strict temporal and spatial order. A microtubule quartet (MtQ) originates from the basal bodies and extends toward the anterior end of the cell, stringing several cytoskeletal structures together along its path. In this study, we examined the interaction network of TbSpef1, the only protein specifically located to the MtQ. We identified an interaction between TbSpef1 and a basal body protein TbSAF1, which is required for MtQ anchorage to the basal bodies. This study thus provides the first molecular description of MtQ association with the basal bodies, since the discovery of this association ∼30 years ago. The results also reveal a general mechanism of the evolutionarily conserved Spef1/CLAMP, which achieves specific cellular functions via their conserved microtubule functions and their diverse molecular interaction networks. Sperm flagellar protein 1 (Spef1, also known as CLAMP) is a microtubule-associated protein involved in various microtubule-related functions from ciliary motility to polarized cell movement and planar cell polarity. In Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of trypanosomiasis, a single Spef1 ortholog (TbSpef1) is associated with a microtubule quartet (MtQ), which is in close association with several single-copied organelles and is required for their coordinated biogenesis during the cell cycle. Here, we investigated the interaction network of TbSpef1 using BioID, a proximity-dependent protein-protein interaction screening method. Characterization of selected candidates provided a molecular description of TbSpef1-MtQ interactions with nearby cytoskeletal structures. Of particular interest, we identified a new basal body protein TbSAF1, which is required for TbSpef1-MtQ anchorage to the basal bodies. The results demonstrate that MtQ-basal body anchorage is critical for the spatial organization of cytoskeletal organelles, as well as the morphology of the membrane-bound flagellar pocket where endocytosis takes place in this parasite.
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27
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Xie M, Cai L, Li J, Zhao J, Guo Y, Hou Z, Zhang X, Tian H, Li A, Miao Y. FAM110B Inhibits Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion Through Inactivating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4373-4384. [PMID: 32547070 PMCID: PMC7245470 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s247491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE FAM110B is a member of the FAM110 family (family with sequence similarity 110), which is a component of the centrosome associated proteins. Previous studies have shown that FAM110B may be involved in the process of cell cycle and may play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Using an online database, we found that FAM110B may predict favorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, the role of FAM110B playing in NSCLC needs to be further investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Online databases and immunohistochemistry were used to predict the expression and prognostic value of FAM110B in NSCLC samples. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the subcellular distribution of FAM110B. Western blot, MTT, colony formation, and matrigel invasion assay were used to detect the expression and the effect of FAM110B on mediating proliferation and invasion in NSCLC cell lines. RESULTS In this study, immunohistochemistry results showed that FAM110B expression significantly correlated with early TNM staging (P=0.020) and negative regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.006). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that the median survival time of patients with positive FAM110B expression (56.181±2.348 months) was significantly longer than those with negative FAM110B expression (47.701±2.997 months, P=0.024). Moreover, overexpression of FAM110B inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A549, H1299, and LK2 cell lines. Conversely, FAM110B RNAi exerted opposite effects in the above cell lines. Furthermore, FAM110B overexpression downregulated the active β-catenin, phosphorylation of GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β), cyclin B1, cyclin D1, MMP2, and MMP7, and upregulated the phosphorylation of β-catenin (p-β-catenin) in A549 and H1299 cells. Besides, the FAM110B-induced depressions of p-GSK-3β and active β-catenin were reversed after being treated with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, XAV-939. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that the overexpression of FAM110B restricts the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our study reveals the antitumor function of FAM110B in NSCLC and indicates that FAM110B is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Xie
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingduo Li
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Guo
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaiyu Hou
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Miao
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Alonso A, Fabritius A, Ozzello C, Andreas M, Klenchin D, Rayment I, Winey M. Yeast pericentrin/Spc110 contains multiple domains required for tethering the γ-tubulin complex to the centrosome. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1437-1452. [PMID: 32374651 PMCID: PMC7359572 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-02-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body (SPB) serves as the sole microtubule-organizing center of the cell, nucleating both cytoplasmic and nuclear microtubules. Yeast pericentrin, Spc110, binds to and activates the γ-tubulin complex via its N terminus, allowing nuclear microtubule polymerization to occur. The Spc110 C terminus links the γ-tubulin complex to the central plaque of the SPB by binding to Spc42, Spc29, and calmodulin (Cmd1). Here, we show that overexpression of the C terminus of Spc110 is toxic to cells and correlates with its localization to the SPB. Spc110 domains that are required for SPB localization and toxicity include its Spc42-, Spc29-, and Cmd1-binding sites. Overexpression of the Spc110 C terminus induces SPB defects and disrupts microtubule organization in both cycling and G2/M arrested cells. Notably, the two mitotic SPBs are affected in an asymmetric manner such that one SPB appears to be pulled away from the nucleus toward the cortex but remains attached via a thread of nuclear envelope. This SPB also contains relatively fewer microtubules and less endogenous Spc110. Our data suggest that overexpression of the Spc110 C terminus acts as a dominant-negative mutant that titrates endogenous Spc110 from the SPB causing spindle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Alonso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amy Fabritius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Courtney Ozzello
- The Boulder Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Mike Andreas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Dima Klenchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Ivan Rayment
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mark Winey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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29
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Meka DP, Scharrenberg R, Calderon de Anda F. Emerging roles of the centrosome in neuronal development. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:84-96. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Praveen Meka
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Robin Scharrenberg
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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30
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Kelleher FC, Kroes J, Lewin J. Targeting the centrosome and polo-like kinase 4 in osteosarcoma. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:493-499. [PMID: 30508038 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been historically uncertain if extra centrosomes are a cause or consequence of tumorigenesis. Experiments have recently established that overexpression of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) promotes centrosome amplification with consequential promotion of cellular aneuploidy. Furthermore, centrosome amplification drives spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice. Tissues lacking normal functional p53 tolerate extra centrosomes, whereas p53 proficient tissues initiate proliferative arrest in this circumstance. Extra centrosomes trigger activation of the multi-protein PIDDosome complex, with Caspase-2 effecting cleavage of the p53-negative regulator mouse double minute 2, consequent stabilization of p53 and p21-dependent arrest of the cell cycle. The co-occurrence of cellular aneuploidy, complex chromosomal rearrangements and p53 dysfunction is a striking feature of some osteosarcomas. It is postulated that small-molecule PLK4 inhibitors such as CFI-400945, which are in development, may have utility in osteosarcoma given these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergal C Kelleher
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeska Kroes
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy Lewin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Soares H, Carmona B, Nolasco S, Viseu Melo L. Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:240. [PMID: 31681771 PMCID: PMC6813674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahymena and Paramecium are highly differentiated unicellular organisms with elaborated cortical patterns showing a regular arrangement of hundreds to thousands of basal bodies in longitudinal rows that extend from the anterior to the posterior region of the cell. Thus both ciliates exhibit a permanent antero–posterior axis and left–right asymmetry. This cell polarity is reflected in the direction of the structures nucleated around each basal body such as the ciliary rootlets. Studies in these ciliates showed that basal bodies assemble two types of cilia, the cortical cilia and the cilia of the oral apparatus, a complex structure specialized in food capture. These two cilia types display structural differences at their tip domain. Basal bodies possessing distinct compositions creating specialized landmarks are also present. Cilia might be expected to express and transmit polarities throughout signaling pathways given their recognized role in signal transduction. This review will focus on how local polarities in basal bodies/cilia are regulated and transmitted through cell division in order to maintain the global polarity and shape of these cells and locally constrain the interpretation of signals by different cilia. We will also discuss ciliates as excellent biological models to study development and morphogenetic mechanisms and their relationship with cilia diversity and function in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Soares
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Carmona
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nolasco
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Viseu Melo
- Physics Department and CEFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Mani M, Thao DT, Kim BC, Lee UH, Kim DJ, Jang SH, Back SH, Lee BJ, Cho WJ, Han IS, Park JW. DRG2 knockdown induces Golgi fragmentation via GSK3β phosphorylation and microtubule stabilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1463-1474. [PMID: 31199931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The perinuclear stacks of the Golgi apparatus maintained by dynamic microtubules are essential for cell migration. Activation of Akt (protein kinase B, PKB) negatively regulates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-mediated tau phosphorylation, which enhances tau binding to microtubules and microtubule stability. In this study, experiments were performed on developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2)-stably knockdown HeLa cells to determine whether knockdown of DRG2 in HeLa cells treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) affects microtubule dynamics, perinuclear Golgi stacking, and cell migration. Here, we show that DRG2 plays a key role in regulating microtubule stability, perinuclear Golgi stack formation, and cell migration. DRG2 knockdown prolonged the EGF receptor (EGFR) localization in endosome, enhanced Akt activity and inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β. Tau, a target of GSK3β, was hypo-phosphorylated in DRG2-knockdown cells and showed greater association with microtubules, resulting in microtubule stabilization. DRG2-knockdown cells showed defects in microtubule growth and microtubule organizing centers (MTOC), Golgi fragmentation, and loss of directional cell migration. These results reveal a previously unappreciated role for DRG2 in the regulation of perinuclear Golgi stacking and cell migration via its effects on GSK3β phosphorylation, and microtubule stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidharan Mani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dang Thi Thao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Unn Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hwa Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Back
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wha Ja Cho
- Metainflammation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seob Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Asymmetric division events promote variability in cell cycle duration in animal cells and Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1901. [PMID: 31015409 PMCID: PMC6478688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division is a major mechanism generating cell diversity. As cell cycle duration varies among cells in mammalian tissue culture cells, we asked whether their division asymmetry contributes to this variability. We identify among sibling cells an outlier using hierarchical clustering on cell cycle durations of granddaughter cells obtained by lineage tracking of single histone2B-labelled MDCKs. Remarkably, divisions involving outlier cells are not uniformly distributed in lineages, as shown by permutation tests, but appear to emerge from asymmetric divisions taking place at non-stochastic levels: a parent cell influences with 95% confidence and 0.5% error the unequal partitioning of the cell cycle duration in its two progenies. Upon ninein downregulation, this variability propagation is lost, and outlier frequency and variability in cell cycle durations in lineages is reduced. As external influences are not detectable, we propose that a cell-autonomous process, possibly involved in cell specialisation, determines cell cycle duration variability. We know that variations in cell cycle duration between cells naturally occur but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, using lineage tracking, hierarchical clustering and Monte Carlo methods, the authors show that large differences in granddaughter cell cycle duration are driven by asymmetric divisions.
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34
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Uzbekov R, Alieva I. Who are you, subdistal appendages of centriole? Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180062. [PMID: 30045886 PMCID: PMC6070718 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes data that assign morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of two types of structures that are associated with centrioles: distal appendages and subdistal appendages. The description of centriole subdistal appendages is often a matter of confusion, both due to the numerous names used to describe these structures and because of their variability among species and cell types. Thus, we have summarized our current knowledge in this review. We conclude that distal appendages and subdistal appendages are fundamentally different in composition and function in the cell. While in centrioles there are always nine distal appendages, the number of subdistal appendages can vary depending on the type of cells and their functional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France .,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 73, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1-40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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35
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Roques M, Stanway RR, Rea EI, Markus R, Brady D, Holder AA, Guttery DS, Tewari R. Plasmodium centrin PbCEN-4 localizes to the putative MTOC and is dispensable for malaria parasite proliferation. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.036822. [PMID: 30541825 PMCID: PMC6361220 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrins are calmodulin-like phosphoproteins present in the centrosome and play an active role in the duplication, separation and organization of centrosomal structures such as the microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) during mitosis. They are also major components of the basal body of flagella and cilia. In Plasmodium spp., the parasite that causes malaria, mitosis is closed during asexual replication and the MTOC is embedded within the intact nuclear membrane. The MTOC has been named the centriolar plaque and is similar to the spindle pole body in yeast. In all phases of asexual replication, repeated rounds of nuclear division precede cell division. However, our knowledge of the location and function of centrins during this process is limited. Previous studies have identified four putative centrins in the human parasite Plasmodiumfalciparum. We report here the cellular localization of an alveolate-specific centrin (PbCEN-4) during the atypical cell division of asexual replicative stages, using live cell imaging with the rodent malaria parasite P. berghei as a model system. We show that this centrin forms a multi-protein complex with other centrins, but is dispensable for parasite proliferation. Summary: This study examines the localization of malaria parasite centrin PbCEN4 at the parasite MTOC during closed endomitosis and shows it to be dispensable for proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Roques
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Rebecca R Stanway
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Edward I Rea
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Robert Markus
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Declan Brady
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - David S Guttery
- The Leicester Cancer Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Rita Tewari
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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36
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Chen C, Xu Z, Zhang T, Lin L, Lu M, Xie C, Yu X. Cep85 Relays Plk1 Activity to Phosphorylated Nek2A for Its Timely Activation in Centrosome Disjunction. iScience 2018; 11:114-133. [PMID: 30611117 PMCID: PMC6317306 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely centrosome separation is critical for accurate chromosome separation. It is initiated by Nek2A at the onset of mitosis, but the mechanism for the strict requirement of phosphorylated Nek2A for its own activation remains unclear. In this study, we have found that Plk1 interacts with Cep85 and forms a ternary complex with Cep85-Nek2A. Nek2A binding, but not its kinase activity, is pre-required for Cep85 to be phosphorylated by Plk1. Nek2A-dependent Cep85 phosphorylation, in turn, leads to the dissociation of phosphorylated Cep85 exclusively from phospho-Nek2A, thereby increasing the freed phospho-Nek2A activity. Both kinases are also required for phosphorylating endogenous Cep85 in cells, and timely phosphorylation of Cep85 and Nek2A is crucial for initiating centrosome disjunction at G2/M. Overall, our study has uncovered a previously unrecognized role of Plk1 and Nek2A and identified Cep85 as a missing piece directly relaying Plk1 activity to Nek2A for its activation in centrosome disjunction. Cep85 prevents centrosome separation by binding to and inhibiting Nek2A in interphase Plk1 binds to Cep85 and forms a ternary Plk1-Cep85-Nek2A complex in late G2 Nek2A-assisting Cep85 phosphorylation by Plk1 releases phospho-Nek2A from Cep85 Freed phospho-Nek2A initiates centrosome separation in G2/M
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Zhenping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Liping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mingke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xianwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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37
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Firat-Karalar EN. The ciliopathy gene product Cep290 is required for primary cilium formation and microtubule network organization. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:371-381. [PMID: 30930621 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1805-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian centrosome/cilium complex is composed of the centrosome, the primary cilium, and the centriolar satellites, which together function in key cellular processes including signaling. Defective assembly, maintenance, and function of the centrosome/ cilium complex cause the human genetic diseases known as ciliopathies, which are characterized by a multitude of developmental syndromes including retinal degeneration and kidney cysts. The molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis in ciliopathies remain poorly understood, which requires structural and functional characterization of the mutated ciliopathy proteins at the cellular level. To this end, we elucidated the function and regulation of Cep290, which is the most frequently mutated gene in ciliopathies and importantly its functions remain poorly understood. First, we generated Cep290-null cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach. Using functional assays, we showed that Cep290-null cells do not ciliate and that they have defects in centriolar satellites dynamics and interphase microtubule organization. The centriolar satellites were tightly clustered around the centrosome in Cep290-null cells, and the interphase microtubule network lost its radial organization. Our results provide phenotypic insight into the disease mechanisms of Cep290 ciliopathy mutations and also the tools for studying genotype/phenotype relationships in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Koç University , İstanbul , Turkey
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38
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Lengefeld J, Barral Y. Asymmetric Segregation of Aged Spindle Pole Bodies During Cell Division: Mechanisms and Relevance Beyond Budding Yeast? Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800038. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jette Lengefeld
- Institute of Biochemistry; ETH Zurich; Otto-Stern-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Yves Barral
- Institute of Biochemistry; ETH Zurich; Otto-Stern-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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39
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Cristofoli F, De Keersmaecker B, De Catte L, Vermeesch JR, Van Esch H. Novel STIL Compound Heterozygous Mutations Cause Severe Fetal Microcephaly and Centriolar Lengthening. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:282-293. [PMID: 29230157 DOI: 10.1159/000479666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STIL (SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus) is a core component of the centriole duplication process. STIL mutations have been associated with both autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) and holoprosencephaly. In this report, we describe a family with multiple miscarriages and 2 terminations of pregnancy due to marked fetal microcephaly, delayed cortical gyrification, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Whole exome sequencing allowed us to identify novel compound heterozygous mutations in STIL. The mutations lie, respectively, in the CPAP/CENPJ and the hsSAS6 interacting domains of STIL. M-phase synchronized amniocytes from both affected fetuses did not display an aberrant number of centrioles, as shown previously for either STIL-depleted or overexpressing cells. However, we observed an elongation of at least 1 centriole for each duplicated centrosome. These preliminary results may point to a novel mechanism causing MCPH and embryonic lethality in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart De Keersmaecker
- Laboratories for Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Catte
- Laboratories for Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Laboratories for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratories for Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Laboratories for Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratories for Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Dieckmann NMG, Frazer GL, Asano Y, Stinchcombe JC, Griffiths GM. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune synapse at a glance. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:2881-6. [PMID: 27505426 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.186205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse provides an important structure for communication with immune cells. Studies on immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) highlight the dynamic changes and specialised mechanisms required to facilitate focal signalling and polarised secretion in immune cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we illustrate the different steps that reveal the specialised mechanisms used to focus secretion at the CTL immune synapse and allow CTLs to be such efficient and precise serial killers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele M G Dieckmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yukako Asano
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jane C Stinchcombe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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41
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Lengefeld J, Hotz M, Rollins M, Baetz K, Barral Y. Budding yeast Wee1 distinguishes spindle pole bodies to guide their pattern of age-dependent segregation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:941-951. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Alvarez-Cabrera AL, Delgado S, Gil-Carton D, Mortuza GB, Montoya G, Sorzano COS, Tang TK, Carazo JM. Electron Microscopy Structural Insights into CPAP Oligomeric Behavior: A Plausible Assembly Process of a Supramolecular Scaffold of the Centrosome. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:17. [PMID: 28396859 PMCID: PMC5366329 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is a cell cycle regulated protein fundamental for centrosome assembly and centriole elongation. In humans, the region between residues 897–1338 of CPAP mediates interactions with other proteins and includes a homodimerization domain. CPAP mutations cause primary autosomal recessive microcephaly and Seckel syndrome. Despite of the biological/clinical relevance of CPAP, its mechanistic behavior remains unclear and its C-terminus (the G-box/TCP domain) is the only part whose structure has been solved. This situation is perhaps due in part to the challenges that represent obtaining the protein in a soluble, homogeneous state for structural studies. Our work constitutes a systematic structural analysis on multiple oligomers of HsCPAP897−1338, using single-particle electron microscopy (EM) of negatively stained (NS) samples. Based on image classification into clearly different regular 3D maps (putatively corresponding to dimers and tetramers) and direct observation of individual images representing other complexes of HsCPAP897−1338 (i.e., putative flexible monomers and higher-order multimers), we report a dynamic oligomeric behavior of this protein, where different homo-oligomers coexist in variable proportions. We propose that dimerization of the putative homodimer forms a putative tetramer which could be the structural unit for the scaffold that either tethers the pericentriolar material to centrioles or promotes procentriole elongation. A coarse fitting of atomic models into the NS 3D maps at resolutions around 20 Å is performed only to complement our experimental data, allowing us to hypothesize on the oligomeric composition of the different complexes. In this way, the current EM work represents an initial step toward the structural characterization of different oligomers of CPAP, suggesting further insights to understand how this protein works, contributing to the elucidation of control mechanisms for centriole biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Alvarez-Cabrera
- Biocomputing Unit, Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSICMadrid, Spain; Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Gulnahar B Mortuza
- Protein Structure and Function Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Protein Structure and Function Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos O S Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC Madrid, Spain
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jose M Carazo
- Biocomputing Unit, Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC Madrid, Spain
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43
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Ho SM, Rao R, To S, Schoch E, Tarapore P. Bisphenol A and its analogues disrupt centrosome cycle and microtubule dynamics in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:83-96. [PMID: 27998958 PMCID: PMC5226663 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans are increasingly exposed to structural analogues of bisphenol A (BPA), as BPA is being replaced by these compounds in BPA-free consumer products. We have previously shown that chronic and developmental exposure to BPA is associated with increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk in human and animal models. Here, we examine whether exposure of PCa cells (LNCaP, C4-2) to low-dose BPA and its structural analogues (BPS, BPF, BPAF, TBBPA, DMBPA and TMBPA) affects centrosome amplification (CA), a hallmark of cancer initiation and progression. We found that exposure to BPA, BPS, DMBPA and TBBPA, in descending order, increased the number of cells with CA, in a non-monotonic dose-response manner. Furthermore, cells treated with BPA and their analogues initiated centrosome duplication at 8 h after release from serum starvation, significantly earlier in G-1 phase than control cells. This response was attended by earlier release of nucleophosmin from unduplicated centrosomes. BPA-exposed cells exhibited increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase CDK6 and decreased expression of CDK inhibitors (p21Waf1/CIP1 and p27KIP1). Using specific antagonists for estrogen/androgen receptors, CA in the presence of BPA or its analogues was likely to be mediated via ESR1 signaling. Change in microtubule dynamics was observed on exposure to these analogues, which, for BPA, was accompanied by increased expression of centrosome-associated protein CEP350 Similar to BPA, chronic treatment of cells with DMBPA, but not other analogues, resulted in the enhancement of anchorage-independent growth. We thus conclude that selected BPA analogues, similar to BPA, disrupt centrosome function and microtubule organization, with DMBPA displaying the broadest spectrum of cancer-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah To
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash UniversityClayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Schoch
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Pheruza Tarapore
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
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44
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van Ree JH, Nam HJ, van Deursen JM. Mitotic kinase cascades orchestrating timely disjunction and movement of centrosomes maintain chromosomal stability and prevent cancer. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:67-76. [PMID: 26615533 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers that duplicate in S phase to form bipolar spindles that separate duplicated chromosomes faithfully into two daughter cells during cell division. Recent studies show that proper timing of centrosome dynamics, the disjunction and movement of centrosomes, is tightly linked to spindle symmetry, correct microtubule-kinetochore attachment, and chromosome segregation. Here, we review mechanisms that regulate centrosome dynamics, with emphasis on the roles of key mitotic kinases in the proper timing of centrosome dynamics and how aberrancies in these processes may cause chromosomal instability and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine H van Ree
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hyun-Ja Nam
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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45
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Kowanda M, Bergalet J, Wieczorek M, Brouhard G, Lécuyer É, Lasko P. Loss of function of the Drosophila Ninein-related centrosomal protein Bsg25D causes mitotic defects and impairs embryonic development. Biol Open 2016; 5:1040-51. [PMID: 27422905 PMCID: PMC5004617 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome-associated proteins Ninein (Nin) and Ninein-like protein (Nlp) play significant roles in microtubule stability, nucleation and anchoring at the centrosome in mammalian cells. Here, we investigate Blastoderm specific gene 25D (Bsg25D), which encodes the only Drosophila protein that is closely related to Nin and Nlp. In early embryos, we find that Bsg25D mRNA and Bsg25D protein are closely associated with centrosomes and astral microtubules. We show that sequences within the coding region and 3′UTR of Bsg25D mRNAs are important for proper localization of this transcript in oogenesis and embryogenesis. Ectopic expression of eGFP-Bsg25D from an unlocalized mRNA disrupts microtubule polarity in mid-oogenesis and compromises the distribution of the axis polarity determinant Gurken. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we show that an N-terminal fragment of Bsg25D can bind microtubules in vitro and can move along them, predominantly toward minus-ends. While flies homozygous for a Bsg25D null mutation are viable and fertile, 70% of embryos lacking maternal and zygotic Bsg25D do not hatch and exhibit chromosome segregation defects, as well as detachment of centrosomes from mitotic spindles. We conclude that Bsg25D is a centrosomal protein that, while dispensable for viability, nevertheless helps ensure the integrity of mitotic divisions in Drosophila. Summary: In humans, mutations in Ninein or Ninein-like protein result in microcephaly and other severe diseases. We show that while flies lacking the Ninein orthologue can survive, many die as embryos with defects in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kowanda
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Julie Bergalet
- RNA Biology Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Michal Wieczorek
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Gary Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Éric Lécuyer
- RNA Biology Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Paul Lasko
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
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46
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Negishi T, Miyazaki N, Murata K, Yasuo H, Ueno N. Physical association between a novel plasma-membrane structure and centrosome orients cell division. eLife 2016; 5:e16550. [PMID: 27502556 PMCID: PMC4978527 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last mitotic division of the epidermal lineage in the ascidian embryo, the cells divide stereotypically along the anterior-posterior axis. During interphase, we found that a unique membrane structure invaginates from the posterior to the centre of the cell, in a microtubule-dependent manner. The invagination projects toward centrioles on the apical side of the nucleus and associates with one of them. Further, a cilium forms on the posterior side of the cell and its basal body remains associated with the invagination. A laser ablation experiment suggests that the invagination is under tensile force and promotes the posterior positioning of the centrosome. Finally, we showed that the orientation of the invaginations is coupled with the polarized dynamics of centrosome movements and the orientation of cell division. Based on these findings, we propose a model whereby this novel membrane structure orchestrates centrosome positioning and thus the orientation of cell division axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Negishi
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer UMR7009, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hitoyoshi Yasuo
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer UMR7009, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Division of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
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47
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Klein HCR, Guichard P, Hamel V, Gönczy P, Schwarz US. Computational support for a scaffolding mechanism of centriole assembly. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27075. [PMID: 27272020 PMCID: PMC4897622 DOI: 10.1038/srep27075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are essential for forming cilia, flagella and centrosomes. Successful centriole assembly requires proteins of the SAS-6 family, which can form oligomeric ring structures with ninefold symmetry in vitro. While important progress has been made in understanding SAS-6 protein biophysics, the mechanisms enabling ring formation in vivo remain elusive. Likewise, the mechanisms by which a nascent centriole forms near-orthogonal to an existing one are not known. Here, we investigate possible mechanisms of centriole assembly using coarse-grained Brownian dynamics computer simulations in combination with a rate equation approach. Our results suggest that without any external factors, strong stabilization associated with ring closure would be needed to enable efficient ring formation. Strikingly, our simulations reveal that a scaffold-assisted assembly mechanism can trigger robust ring formation owing to local cooperativity, and that this mechanism can also impart orthogonalilty to centriole assembly. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the organizing principles governing the assembly of this important organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich C. R. Klein
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Guichard
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich S. Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Invasive stages of apicomplexan parasites require a host cell to survive, proliferate and advance to the next life cycle stage. Once invasion is achieved, apicomplexans interact closely with the host cell cytoskeleton, but in many cases the different species have evolved distinct mechanisms and pathways to modulate the structural organization of cytoskeletal filaments. The host cell cytoskeleton is a complex network, largely, but not exclusively, composed of microtubules, actin microfilaments and intermediate filaments, all of which are modulated by associated proteins, and it is involved in diverse functions including maintenance of cell morphology and mechanical support, migration, signal transduction, nutrient uptake, membrane and organelle trafficking and cell division. The ability of apicomplexans to modulate the cytoskeleton to their own advantage is clearly beneficial. We here review different aspects of the interactions of apicomplexans with the three main cytoskeletal filament types, provide information on the currently known parasite effector proteins and respective host cell targets involved, and how these interactions modulate the host cell physiology. Some of these findings could provide novel targets that could be exploited for the development of preventive and/or therapeutic strategies.
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Stinchcombe JC, Randzavola LO, Angus KL, Mantell JM, Verkade P, Griffiths GM. Mother Centriole Distal Appendages Mediate Centrosome Docking at the Immunological Synapse and Reveal Mechanistic Parallels with Ciliogenesis. Curr Biol 2015; 25:3239-44. [PMID: 26670998 PMCID: PMC4691242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are highly effective serial killers capable of destroying virally infected and cancerous targets by polarized release from secretory lysosomes. Upon target contact, the CTL centrosome rapidly moves to the immunological synapse, focusing microtubule-directed release at this point [1, 2, 3]. Striking similarities have been noted between centrosome polarization at the synapse and basal body docking during ciliogenesis [1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], suggesting that CTL centrosomes might dock with the plasma membrane during killing, in a manner analogous to primary cilia formation [1, 4]. However, questions remain regarding the extent and function of centrosome polarization at the synapse, and recent reports have challenged its role [9, 10]. Here, we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography analysis to show that, as in ciliogenesis, the distal appendages of the CTL mother centriole contact the plasma membrane directly during synapse formation. This is functionally important as small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting of the distal appendage protein, Cep83, required for membrane contact during ciliogenesis [11], impairs CTL secretion. Furthermore, the regulatory proteins CP110 and Cep97, which must dissociate from the mother centriole to allow cilia formation [12], remain associated with the mother centriole in CTLs, and neither axoneme nor transition zone ciliary structures form. Moreover, complete centrosome docking can occur in proliferating CTLs with multiple centriole pairs. Thus, in CTLs, centrosomes dock transiently with the membrane, within the cell cycle and without progression into ciliogenesis. We propose that this transient centrosome docking without cilia formation is important for CTLs to deliver rapid, repeated polarized secretion directed by the centrosome. Centrosome docking at the immune synapse parallels early ciliogenesis CTL mother centriole distal appendages dock directly with the membrane Cep83 depletion inhibits CTL secretion CP110 is retained on the mother centrioles and ciliogenesis is blocked
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Stinchcombe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lyra O Randzavola
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Karen L Angus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Judith M Mantell
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Paul Verkade
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Lui C, Ashton C, Sharma M, Brocardo MG, Henderson BR. APC functions at the centrosome to stimulate microtubule growth. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 70:39-47. [PMID: 26556314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor is multi-functional. APC is known to localize at the centrosome, and in mitotic cells contributes to formation of the mitotic spindle. To test whether APC contributes to nascent microtubule (MT) growth at interphase centrosomes, we employed MT regrowth assays in U2OS cells to measure MT assembly before and after nocodazole treatment and release. We showed that siRNA knockdown of full-length APC delayed both initial MT aster formation and MT elongation/regrowth. In contrast, APC-mutant SW480 cancer cells displayed a defect in MT regrowth that was unaffected by APC knockdown, but which was rescued by reconstitution of full-length APC. Our findings identify APC as a positive regulator of centrosome MT initial assembly and suggest that this process is disrupted by cancer mutations. We confirmed that full-length APC associates with the MT-nucleation factor γ-tubulin, and found that the APC cancer-truncated form (1-1309) also bound to γ-tubulin through APC amino acids 1-453. While binding to γ-tubulin may help target APC to the site of MT nucleation complexes, additional C-terminal sequences of APC are required to stimulate and stabilize MT growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lui
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Cahora Ashton
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Mariana G Brocardo
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Beric R Henderson
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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