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ACAT1/SOAT1 Blockade Suppresses LPS-Mediated Neuroinflammation by Modulating the Fate of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065616. [PMID: 36982689 PMCID: PMC10053317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is stored as cholesteryl esters by the enzymes acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases/sterol O:acyltransferases (ACATs/SOATs). ACAT1 blockade (A1B) ameliorates the pro-inflammatory responses of macrophages to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cholesterol loading. However, the mediators involved in transmitting the effects of A1B in immune cells is unknown. Microglial Acat1/Soat1 expression is elevated in many neurodegenerative diseases and in acute neuroinflammation. We evaluated LPS-induced neuroinflammation experiments in control vs. myeloid-specific Acat1/Soat1 knockout mice. We also evaluated LPS-induced neuroinflammation in microglial N9 cells with and without pre-treatment with K-604, a selective ACAT1 inhibitor. Biochemical and microscopy assays were used to monitor the fate of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), the receptor at the plasma membrane and the endosomal membrane that mediates pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. In the hippocampus and cortex, results revealed that Acat1/Soat1 inactivation in myeloid cell lineage markedly attenuated LPS-induced activation of pro-inflammatory response genes. Studies in microglial N9 cells showed that pre-incubation with K-604 significantly reduced the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses. Further studies showed that K-604 decreased the total TLR4 protein content by increasing TLR4 endocytosis, thus enhancing the trafficking of TLR4 to the lysosomes for degradation. We concluded that A1B alters the intracellular fate of TLR4 and suppresses its pro-inflammatory signaling cascade in response to LPS.
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2
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Tantiwong C, Dunster JL, Cavill R, Tomlinson MG, Wierling C, Heemskerk JWM, Gibbins JM. An agent-based approach for modelling and simulation of glycoprotein VI receptor diffusion, localisation and dimerisation in platelet lipid rafts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3906. [PMID: 36890261 PMCID: PMC9994409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor diffusion plays an essential role in cellular signalling via the plasma membrane microenvironment and receptor interactions, but the regulation is not well understood. To aid in understanding of the key determinants of receptor diffusion and signalling, we developed agent-based models (ABMs) to explore the extent of dimerisation of the platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific receptor for collagen glycoprotein VI (GPVI). This approach assessed the importance of glycolipid enriched raft-like domains within the plasma membrane that lower receptor diffusivity. Our model simulations demonstrated that GPVI dimers preferentially concentrate in confined domains and, if diffusivity within domains is decreased relative to outside of domains, dimerisation rates are increased. While an increased amount of confined domains resulted in further dimerisation, merging of domains, which may occur upon membrane rearrangements, was without effect. Modelling of the proportion of the cell membrane which constitutes lipid rafts indicated that dimerisation levels could not be explained by these alone. Crowding of receptors by other membrane proteins was also an important determinant of GPVI dimerisation. Together, these results demonstrate the value of ABM approaches in exploring the interactions on a cell surface, guiding the experimentation for new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukiat Tantiwong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne L Dunster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rachel Cavill
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Matthews CEP, Fussner LA, Yaeger M, Aloor JJ, Reece SW, Kilburg-Basnyat BJ, Varikuti S, Luo B, Inks M, Sergin S, Schmidt CA, Neufer PD, Pennington ER, Fisher-Wellman KH, Chowdhury SM, Fessler MB, Fenton JI, Anderson EJ, Shaikh SR, Gowdy KM. The prohibitin complex regulates macrophage fatty acid composition, plasma membrane packing, and lipid raft-mediated inflammatory signaling. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 190:102540. [PMID: 36706677 PMCID: PMC9992117 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitins (PHB1 and PHB2) are ubiquitously expressed proteins which play critical roles in multiple biological processes, and together form the ring-like PHB complex found in phospholipid-rich cellular compartments including lipid rafts. Recent studies have implicated PHB1 as a mediator of fatty acid transport as well as a membrane scaffold mediating B lymphocyte and mast cell signal transduction. However, the specific role of PHBs in the macrophage have not been characterized, including their role in fatty acid uptake and lipid raft-mediated inflammatory signaling. We hypothesized that the PHB complex regulates macrophage inflammatory signaling through the formation of lipid rafts. To evaluate our hypothesis, RAW 264.7 macrophages were transduced with shRNA against PHB1, PHB2, or scrambled control (Scr), and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which activate lipid raft-dependent receptor signaling (CD14/TLR4 and TNFR1, respectively). PHB1 knockdown was lethal, whereas PHB2 knockdown (PHB2kd), which also resulted in decreased PHB1 expression, led to attenuated nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and subsequent cytokine and chemokine production. PHB2kd macrophages also had decreased cell surface TNFR1, CD14, TLR4, and lipid raft marker ganglioside GM1 at baseline and post-stimuli. Post-LPS, PHB2kd macrophages did not increase the concentration of cellular saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This was accompanied by decreased lipid raft formation and modified plasma membrane molecular packing, further supporting the PHB complex's importance in lipid raft formation. Taken together, these data suggest a critical role for PHBs in regulating macrophage inflammatory signaling via maintenance of fatty acid composition and lipid raft structure. SUMMARY: Prohibitins are proteins found in phospholipid-rich cellular compartments, including lipid rafts, that play important roles in signaling, transcription, and multiple other cell functions. Macrophages are key cells in the innate immune response and the presence of membrane lipid rafts is integral to signal transduction, but the role of prohibitins in macrophage lipid rafts and associated signaling is unknown. To address this question, prohibitin knockdown macrophages were generated and responses to lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which act through lipid raft-dependent receptors, were analyzed. Prohibitin knockdown macrophages had significantly decreased cytokine and chemokine production, transcription factor activation, receptor expression, lipid raft assembly and membrane packing, and altered fatty acid remodeling. These data indicate a novel role for prohibitins in macrophage inflammatory signaling through regulation of fatty acid composition and lipid raft formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Psaltis Matthews
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Lynn A Fussner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael Yaeger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jim J Aloor
- Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Sky W Reece
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Brita J Kilburg-Basnyat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Morgan Inks
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Selin Sergin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Saiful M Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, FOE Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Capozzi A, Manganelli V, Riitano G, Caissutti D, Longo A, Garofalo T, Sorice M, Misasi R. Advances in the Pathophysiology of Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling through Lipid Rafts. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030891. [PMID: 36769539 PMCID: PMC9917860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological features of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are related to the activity of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) associated with vascular thrombosis and obstetric complications. Indeed, aPLs are not only disease markers, but also play a determining pathogenetic role in APS and exert their effects through the activation of cells and coagulation factors and inflammatory mediators for the materialization of the thromboinflammatory pathogenetic mechanism. Cellular activation in APS necessarily involves the interaction of aPLs with target receptors on the cell membrane, capable of triggering the signal transduction pathway(s). This interaction occurs at specific microdomains of the cell plasma membrane called lipid rafts. In this review, we focus on the key role of lipid rafts as signaling platforms in the pathogenesis of APS, and propose this pathogenetic step as a strategic target of new therapies in order to improve classical anti-thrombotic approaches with "new" immunomodulatory drugs.
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5
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Bellotti AA, Murphy JG, O’Leary TS, Hoffman DA. Transport between im/mobile fractions shapes the speed and profile of cargo distribution in neurons. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100082. [PMID: 36425667 PMCID: PMC9680811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal function requires continuous distribution of ion channels and other proteins throughout large cell morphologies. Protein distribution is complicated by immobilization of freely diffusing subunits such as on lipid rafts or in postsynaptic densities. Here, we infer rates of immobilization for the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv4.2. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching quantifies protein diffusion kinetics, typically reported as a recovery rate and mobile fraction. We show that, implicit in the fluorescence recovery, are rates of particle transfer between mobile and immobile fractions (im/mobilization). We performed photobleaching of fluorescein-tagged ion channel Kv4.2-sGFP2 in over 450 dendrites of rat hippocampal cells. Using mass-action models, we infer rates of Kv4.2-sGFP2 im/mobilization. Using a realistic neuron morphology, we show how these rates shape the speed and profile of subunit distribution. The experimental protocol and model inference introduced here is widely applicable to other cargo and experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano A. Bellotti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan G. Murphy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Dax A. Hoffman
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Jones JH, Minshall RD. Endothelial Transcytosis in Acute Lung Injury: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:828093. [PMID: 35431977 PMCID: PMC9008570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is characterized by widespread inflammation which in its severe form, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), leads to compromise in respiration causing hypoxemia and death in a substantial number of affected individuals. Loss of endothelial barrier integrity, pneumocyte necrosis, and circulating leukocyte recruitment into the injured lung are recognized mechanisms that contribute to the progression of ALI/ARDS. Additionally, damage to the pulmonary microvasculature by Gram-negative and positive bacteria or viruses (e.g., Escherichia coli, SARS-Cov-2) leads to increased protein and fluid permeability and interstitial edema, further impairing lung function. While most of the vascular leakage is attributed to loss of inter-endothelial junctional integrity, studies in animal models suggest that transendothelial transport of protein through caveolar vesicles, known as transcytosis, occurs in the early phase of ALI/ARDS. Here, we discuss the role of transcytosis in healthy and injured endothelium and highlight recent studies that have contributed to our understanding of the process during ALI/ARDS. We also cover potential approaches that utilize caveolar transport to deliver therapeutics to the lungs which may prevent further injury or improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Richard D. Minshall,
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7
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Zhang Y, Li L, Wang J. Tuning cellular uptake of nanoparticles via ligand density: Contribution of configurational entropy. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054405. [PMID: 34942735 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivity of nanoparticles (NPs) crucially depends on their ability to cross biological membranes. A fundamental understanding of cell-NP interaction is hence essential to improve the performance of the NP-based biomedical applications. Although extensive studies of cellular uptake have converged upon the idea that the uptake process is mainly regulated by the elastic deformation of the cell membrane or NP, recent experimental observations indicate the ligand density as another critical factor in modulating NP uptake into cells. In this study, we propose a theoretical model of the wrapping of an elastic vesicle NP by a finite lipid membrane to depict the relevant energetic and morphological evolutions during the wrapping process driven by forming receptor-ligand bonds. In this model, the deformations of the membrane and the vesicle NP are assumed to follow the continuum Canham-Helfrich framework, whereas the change of configurational entropy of receptors is described from statistical thermodynamics. Results show that the ligand density strongly affects the binding energy and configurational entropy of free receptors, thereby altering the morphology of the vesicle-membrane system in the steady wrapping state. For the wrapping process by the finite lipid membrane, we also find that there exists optimal ligand density for the maximum wrapping degree. These predictions are consistent with relevant experimental observations reported in the literature. We have further observed that there are transitions of various wrapping phases (no wrapping, partial wrapping, and full wrapping) in terms of ligand density, membrane tension, and molecular binding energy. In particular, the ligand and receptor shortage regimes for the small and high ligand density are, respectively, identified. These results may provide guidelines for the rational design of nanocarriers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.,PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jizeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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8
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DeFalco TA, Zipfel C. Molecular mechanisms of early plant pattern-triggered immune signaling. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3449-3467. [PMID: 34403694 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
All eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated immune systems to appropriately respond to biotic stresses. In plants and animals, a key part of this immune system is pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Plant PRRs are cell-surface-localized receptor kinases (RKs) or receptor proteins (RPs) that sense microbe- or self-derived molecular patterns to regulate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), a robust form of antimicrobial immunity. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding how PRRs perceive their ligands, form active protein complexes, initiate cell signaling, and ultimately coordinate the cellular reprogramming that leads to PTI. Here, we discuss the critical roles of PRR complex formation and phosphorylation in activating PTI signaling, as well as the emerging paradigm in which receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) act as executors of signaling downstream of PRR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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9
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Schromm AB, Paulowski L, Kaconis Y, Kopp F, Koistinen M, Donoghue A, Keese S, Nehls C, Wernecke J, Garidel P, Sevcsik E, Lohner K, Sanchez-Gomez S, Martinez-de-Tejada G, Brandenburg K, Brameshuber M, Schütz GJ, Andrä J, Gutsmann T. Cathelicidin and PMB neutralize endotoxins by multifactorial mechanisms including LPS interaction and targeting of host cell membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101721118. [PMID: 34183393 PMCID: PMC8271772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101721118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to an effective protection against infections. The antibacterial function of AMPs depends on their interactions with microbial membranes and lipids, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin). Hyperinflammation induced by endotoxin is a key factor in bacterial sepsis and many other human diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive profile of peptide-mediated LPS neutralization by systematic analysis of the effects of a set of AMPs and the peptide antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) on the physicochemistry of endotoxin, macrophage activation, and lethality in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that the host defense peptide LL-32 and PMB each reduce LPS-mediated activation also via a direct interaction of the peptides with the host cell. As a biophysical basis, we demonstrate modifications of the structure of cholesterol-rich membrane domains and the association of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Our discovery of a host cell-directed mechanism of immune control contributes an important aspect in the development and therapeutic use of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany;
| | - Laura Paulowski
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Yani Kaconis
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Franziska Kopp
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Max Koistinen
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Annemarie Donoghue
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Keese
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Nehls
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Julia Wernecke
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Biophysikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Eva Sevcsik
- Institute of Applied Physics at TU Wien, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Susana Sanchez-Gomez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Martinez-de-Tejada
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Andrä
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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Li M, Yu Y. Innate immune receptor clustering and its role in immune regulation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/4/jcs249318. [PMID: 33597156 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of receptor clustering in the activation of adaptive immune cells has revolutionized our understanding of the physical basis of immune signal transduction. In contrast to the extensive studies of adaptive immune cells, particularly T cells, there is a lesser, but emerging, recognition that the formation of receptor clusters is also a key regulatory mechanism in host-pathogen interactions. Many kinds of innate immune receptors have been found to assemble into nano- or micro-sized domains on the surfaces of cells. The clusters formed between diverse categories of innate immune receptors function as a multi-component apparatus for pathogen detection and immune response regulation. Here, we highlight these pioneering efforts and the outstanding questions that remain to be answered regarding this largely under-explored research topic. We provide a critical analysis of the current literature on the clustering of innate immune receptors. Our emphasis is on studies that draw connections between the phenomenon of receptor clustering and its functional role in innate immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
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11
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Kataoka H, Saeki A, Hasebe A, Shibata K, Into T. Naringenin suppresses Toll-like receptor 2-mediated inflammatory responses through inhibition of receptor clustering on lipid rafts. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:963-972. [PMID: 33598179 PMCID: PMC7866581 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors that sometimes cause excessive inflammatory responses and a perpetuated inflammatory loop that can be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. TLR2 recognizes bacterial lipoproteins in association with TLR1 or TLR6, and triggers inflammatory responses through activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Naringenin, a type of citrus flavonoid, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, but its detailed action against TLR2 remains to be fully elucidated. The present study was designed to determine whether naringenin affects the inflammatory responses triggered by TLR2. Naringenin inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production and attenuated NF-κB activation in cells stimulated with a synthetic triacylated-type lipopeptide known as a TLR2/TLR1 ligand, as well as a synthetic diacylated-type lipopeptide known as a TLR2/TLR6 ligand. Moreover, a similar inhibitory effect was observed in cells stimulated with a crude lipophilic fraction extracted from Staphylococcus aureus cell walls and in cells stimulated with S. aureus cells. Furthermore, we showed that such an effect is caused by inhibition of TLR2 clustering in lipid rafts on the cell membrane. These results suggest that naringenin suppresses the inflammatory responses induced by TLR2 signal transduction. Our findings indicate a novel anti-inflammatory property of naringenin, mediated through the regulation of cell surface TLR2 functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kataoka
- Division of Oral Infections and Health SciencesDepartment of Oral MicrobiologyAsahi University School of DentistryMizuhoJapan
| | - Ayumi Saeki
- Department of Oral Molecular MicrobiologyFaculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akira Hasebe
- Department of Oral Molecular MicrobiologyFaculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ken‐ichiro Shibata
- Department of Oral Molecular MicrobiologyFaculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takeshi Into
- Division of Oral Infections and Health SciencesDepartment of Oral MicrobiologyAsahi University School of DentistryMizuhoJapan
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12
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Sundararaj K, Rodgers J, Angel P, Wolf B, Nowling TK. The role of neuraminidase in TLR4-MAPK signalling and the release of cytokines by lupus serum-stimulated mesangial cells. Immunology 2021; 162:418-433. [PMID: 33314123 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated neuraminidase (NEU) activity or NEU1 expression, specifically, is increased in the kidneys of lupus mice and urine of human patients with nephritis. Additionally, NEU activity mediates IL-6 secretion from lupus-prone MRL/lpr primary mouse mesangial cells (MCs) in response to an IgG mimic. IL-6 mediates glomerular inflammation and promotes tissue damage in patients and mouse strains with lupus nephritis. This study further elucidates the mechanisms by which NEU activity and NEU1 specifically mediates the release of IL-6 and other cytokines from lupus-prone MCs. We demonstrate significantly increased release of multiple cytokines and NEU activity in MRL/lpr MCs in response to serum from MRL/lpr mice (lupus serum). Inhibiting NEU activity significantly reduced secretion of three of those cytokines: IL-6, GM-CSF and MIP1α. Message levels of Il-6 and Gm-csf were also increased in response to lupus serum and reduced when NEU activity was inhibited. Neutralizing antibodies to cell-surface receptors and MAPK inhibitors in lupus serum- or LPS-stimulated MCs indicate TLR4 and p38 or ERK MAP kinase signalling play key roles in the NEU-mediated secretion of IL-6. Significantly reduced IL-6 release was observed in C57BL/6 (B6) Neu1+/+ primary MCs compared with wild-type (Neu1+/+) B6 MCs in response to lupus serum. Additional results show inhibiting NEU activity significantly increases sialic acid-containing N-glycan levels. Together, our novel observations support a role for NEU activity, and specifically NEU1, in mediating release of IL-6 from lupus-prone MCs in response to lupus serum through a TLR4-p38/ERK MAPK signalling pathway that likely includes desialylation of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Sundararaj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jessalyn Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peggi Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tamara K Nowling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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13
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Li M, Wang H, Li W, Xu XG, Yu Y. Macrophage activation on "phagocytic synapse" arrays: Spacing of nanoclustered ligands directs TLR1/2 signaling with an intrinsic limit. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabc8482. [PMID: 33268354 PMCID: PMC7821875 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The activation of Toll-like receptor heterodimer 1/2 (TLR1/2) by microbial components plays a critical role in host immune responses against pathogens. TLR1/2 signaling is sensitive to the chemical structure of ligands, but its dependence on the spatial distribution of ligands on microbial surfaces remains unexplored. Here, we reveal the quantitative relationship between TLR1/2-triggered immune responses and the spacing of ligand clusters by designing an artificial "phagocytic synapse" nanoarray platform to mimic the cell-microbe interface. The ligand spacing dictates the proximity of receptor clusters on the cell surface and consequently the pro-inflammatory responses of macrophages. However, cell responses reach their maximum at small ligand spacings when the receptor nanoclusters become adjacent to one another. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using spatially patterned ligands to modulate innate immunity. It shows that the receptor clusters of TLR1/2 act as a driver in integrating the spatial cues of ligands into cell-level activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Lateral diffusion of CD14 and TLR2 in macrophage plasma membrane assessed by raster image correlation spectroscopy and single particle tracking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19375. [PMID: 33168941 PMCID: PMC7652837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of membrane receptors is central to many biological processes, such as signal transduction, molecule translocation, and ion transport, among others; consequently, several advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques have been developed to measure membrane receptor mobility within live cells. The membrane-anchored receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and the transmembrane toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) are important receptors in the plasma membrane of macrophages that activate the intracellular signaling cascade in response to pathogenic stimuli. The aim of the present work was to compare the diffusion coefficients of CD14 and TLR2 on the apical and basal membranes of macrophages using two fluorescence-based methods: raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) and single particle tracking (SPT). In the basal membrane, the diffusion coefficients obtained from SPT and RICS were found to be comparable and revealed significantly faster diffusion of CD14 compared with TLR2. In addition, RICS showed that the diffusion of both receptors was significantly faster in the apical membrane than in the basal membrane, suggesting diffusion hindrance by the adhesion of the cells to the substrate. This finding highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate membrane (i.e., basal or apical) and corresponding method when measuring receptor diffusion in live cells. Accurately knowing the diffusion coefficient of two macrophage receptors involved in the response to pathogen insults will facilitate the study of changes that occur in signaling in these cells as a result of aging and disease.
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15
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Janciauskiene S, Vijayan V, Immenschuh S. TLR4 Signaling by Heme and the Role of Heme-Binding Blood Proteins. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1964. [PMID: 32983129 PMCID: PMC7481328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), also known as pattern recognition receptors, respond to exogenous pathogens and to intrinsic danger signals released from damaged cells and tissues. The tetrapyrrole heme has been suggested to be an agonist for TLR4, the receptor for the pro-inflammatory bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS), synonymous with endotoxin. Heme is a double-edged sword with contradictory functions. On the one hand, it has vital cellular functions as the prosthetic group of hemoproteins including hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes. On the other hand, if released from destabilized hemoproteins, non-protein bound or “free” heme can have pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. In this review, the complex interactions between heme and TLR4 are discussed with a particular focus on the role of heme-binding serum proteins in handling extracellular heme and its impact on TLR4 signaling. Moreover, the role of heme as a direct and indirect trigger of TLR4 activation and species-specific differences in the regulation of heme-dependent TLR4 signaling are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Pulmonology, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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16
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Cabrini G, Rimessi A, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Finotti A, Pinton P, Gambari R. Role of Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelium in Neutrophil Chemotaxis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1438. [PMID: 32849500 PMCID: PMC7427443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) chronic respiratory disease is an extensive neutrophil infiltrate in the mucosa filling the bronchial lumen, starting early in life for CF infants. The genetic defect of the CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) ion channel promotes dehydration of the airway surface liquid, alters mucus properties, and decreases mucociliary clearance, favoring the onset of recurrent and, ultimately, chronic bacterial infection. Neutrophil infiltrates are unable to clear bacterial infection and, as an adverse effect, contribute to mucosal tissue damage by releasing proteases and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the rapid cellular turnover of lumenal neutrophils releases nucleic acids that further alter the mucus viscosity. A prominent role in the recruitment of neutrophil in bronchial mucosa is played by CF bronchial epithelial cells carrying the defective CFTR protein and are exposed to whole bacteria and bacterial products, making pharmacological approaches to regulate the exaggerated neutrophil chemotaxis in CF a relevant therapeutic target. Here we revise: (a) the major receptors, kinases, and transcription factors leading to the expression, and release of neutrophil chemokines in bronchial epithelial cells; (b) the role of intracellular calcium homeostasis and, in particular, the calcium crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria; (c) the epigenetic regulation of the key chemokines; (d) the role of mutant CFTR protein as a co-regulator of chemokines together with the host-pathogen interactions; and (e) different pharmacological strategies to regulate the expression of chemokines in CF bronchial epithelial cells through novel drug discovery and drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cabrini
- Center for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Center for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Center for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Center for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Center for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Center for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Center for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Syga Ł, de Vries RH, van Oosterhout H, Bartelds R, Boersma AJ, Roelfes G, Poolman B. A Trifunctional Linker for Palmitoylation and Peptide and Protein Localization in Biological Membranes. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1320-1328. [PMID: 31814256 PMCID: PMC7317724 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of lipophilic groups is an important post-translational modification of proteins, which involves the coupling of one or more anchors such as fatty acids, isoprenoids, phospholipids, or glycosylphosphatidyl inositols. To study its impact on the membrane partitioning of hydrophobic peptides or proteins, we designed a tyrosine-based trifunctional linker. The linker allows the facile incorporation of two different functionalities at a cysteine residue in a single step. We determined the effect of the lipid modification on the membrane partitioning of the synthetic α-helical model peptide WALP with or without here and in all cases below; palmitoyl groups in giant unilamellar vesicles that contain a liquid-ordered (Lo ) and liquid-disordered (Ld ) phase. Introduction of two palmitoyl groups did not alter the localization of the membrane peptides, nor did the membrane thickness or lipid composition. In all cases, the peptide was retained in the Ld phase. These data demonstrate that the Lo domain in model membranes is highly unfavorable for a single membrane-spanning peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Syga
- Department of BiochemistryGroningen Biomolecular Sciences andBiotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Reinder H. de Vries
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and CatalysisStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hugo van Oosterhout
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and CatalysisStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rianne Bartelds
- Department of BiochemistryGroningen Biomolecular Sciences andBiotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. Boersma
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstrasse 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and CatalysisStratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department of BiochemistryGroningen Biomolecular Sciences andBiotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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18
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Dominant role of splenic marginal zone lipid rafts in the classical complement pathway against S. pneumoniae. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:133. [PMID: 31531231 PMCID: PMC6733876 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts (LRs) play crucial roles in complex physiological processes, modulating innate and acquired immune responses to pathogens. The transmembrane C-type lectins human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and its mouse homolog SIGN-R1 are distributed in LRs and expressed on splenic marginal zone (MZ) macrophages. The DC-SIGN-C1q or SIGN-R1-C1q complex could mediate the immunoglobulin (Ig)-independent classical complement pathway against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Precise roles of LRs during this complement pathway are unknown. Here we show that LRs are indispensable for accelerating the DC-SIGN- or SIGN-R1-mediated classical complement pathway against S. pneumoniae, thus facilitating rapid clearance of the pathogen. The trimolecular complex of SIGN-R1-C1q-C4 was exclusively enriched in LRs of splenic MZ macrophages and their localization was essential for activating C3 catabolism and enhancing pneumococcal clearance, which were abolished in SIGN-R1-knockout mice. However, DC-SIGN replacement on splenic MZ macrophage’s LRs of SIGN-R1-depleted mice reversed these defects. Disruption of LRs dramatically reduced pneumococcal uptake and decomposition. Additionally, DC- SIGN, C1q, C4, and C3 were obviously distributed in splenic LRs of cadavers. Therefore, LRs on splenic SIGN-R1+ or DC-SIGN+ macrophages could provide spatially confined and optimal bidirectional platforms, not only for usual intracellular events, for example recognition and phagocytosis of pathogens, but also an unusual extracellular event such as the complement system. These findings improve our understanding of the orchestrated roles of the spleen, unraveling a new innate immune system initiated from splenic MZ LRs, and yielding answers to several long-standing problems, including the need to understand the profound role of LRs in innate immunity, the need to identify how such a small portion of splenic SIGN-R1+ macrophages (<0.05% of splenic macrophages) effectively resist S. pneumoniae, and the need to understand how LRs can promote the protective function of DC-SIGN against S. pneumoniae in the human spleen.
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19
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Jia GL, Huang Q, Cao YN, Xie CS, Shen YJ, Chen JL, Lu JH, Zhang MB, Li J, Tao YX, Cao H. Cav-1 participates in the development of diabetic neuropathy pain through the TLR4 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2060-2070. [PMID: 31318049 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether caveolin-1 (Cav-1) participates in the process of diabetic neuropathic pain by directly regulating the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the subsequent phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit (NR2B) in the spinal cord. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (120-150 g) were continuously fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks, and received a single low-dose of intraperitoneal streptozocin injection in preparation for the type-II diabetes model. Then, these rats were divided into five groups according to the level of blood glucose, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency values. The pain thresholds were measured at 3, 7, and 14 days after animal grouping. Then, eight rats were randomly chosen from each group and killed. Lumbar segments 4-6 of the spinal cord were removed for western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. Cav-1 was persistently upregulated in the spinal cord after diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. The downregulation of Cav-1 through the subcutaneous injection of Cav-1 inhibitor daidzein ameliorated the pain hypersensitivity and TLR4 expression in the spinal cord in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) rats. Furthermore, it was found that Cav-1 directly bound with TLR4, and the subsequent phosphorylation of NR2B in the spinal cord contributed to the modulation of DNP. These findings suggest that Cav-1 plays a vital role in DNP processing at least in part by directly regulating the expression of TLR4, and through the subsequent phosphorylation of NR2B in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai-Li Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Nan Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ci-Shan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Jing Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Hui Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mao-Biao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Pain Medicine Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Moosova Z, Pekarova M, Sindlerova LS, Vasicek O, Kubala L, Blaha L, Adamovsky O. Immunomodulatory effects of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin on innate immune cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:439-446. [PMID: 30951938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanobacterial toxin, is an important water pollutant with broad biological activity. It has been known mainly from tropical areas, but the area of occurrence of its producers is spreading to temperate climates. It can be found in high concentrations in the environment as well as in purified drinking waters. The aim of the study is to bring a basic information on the ability of CYN to interfere with mammalian innate immunity cells and thus increase the understanding of the immunomodulatory potency of CYN. This study investigated whether immune cells can be a target of CYN either alone or in combination with a model immunomodulatory agent, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We examined the effects on cellular viability and inflammation signaling of CYN on murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Macrophages were treated either with pure toxin (1 μM) or together with a known stimulator of immunologically active cells, bacterial or cyanobacterial LPS. CYN has had a significant effect on production on pro-inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) which correlates with its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that CYN potentiated the effect of bacterial and cyanobacterial LPS that was documented by activation of inflammatory signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 as well as consequent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our study brings one of the first information that contributes to the elucidation of immunomodulatory role of CYN in macrophages under normal and pro-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Moosova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Svihalkova Sindlerova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vasicek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kubala
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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21
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Liu JJ, Hezghia A, Shaikh SR, Cenido JF, Stark RE, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. Regulation of monoamine transporters and receptors by lipid microdomains: implications for depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2165-2179. [PMID: 30022062 PMCID: PMC6135777 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid microdomains ("rafts") are dynamic, nanoscale regions of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, that possess distinctive physicochemical properties including higher order than the surrounding membrane. Lipid microdomain integrity is thought to affect neurotransmitter signaling by regulating membrane-bound protein signaling. Among the proteins potentially affected are monoaminergic receptors and transporters. As dysfunction of monoaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in major depressive disorder and other neuropsychiatric conditions, interactions with lipid microdomains may be of clinical importance. This systematic review evaluates what is known about the molecular relationships of monoamine transporter and receptor regulation to lipid microdomains. The PubMed/MeSH database was searched for original studies published in English through August 2017 concerning relationships between lipid microdomains and serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine transporters and receptors. Fifty-seven publications were identified and assessed. Strong evidence implicates lipid microdomains in the regulation of serotonin and norepinephrine transporters; serotonin 1A, 2A, 3A, and 7A receptors; and dopamine D1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Results were conflicting or more complex regarding lipid microdomain associations with the dopamine transporter, D2, D3, and D5 receptors; and negative with respect to β1 adrenergic receptors. Indirect evidence suggests that antidepressants, lipid-lowering drugs, and polyunsaturated fatty acids may exert effects on depression and suicide by altering the lipid milieu, thereby affecting monoaminergic transporter and receptor signaling. The lipid composition of membrane subdomains is involved in localization and trafficking of specific monoaminergic receptors and transporters. Elucidating precise mechanisms whereby lipid microdomains modulate monoamine neurotransmission in clinical contexts can have critical implications for pharmacotherapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Chestnut Hill Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrienne Hezghia
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua F Cenido
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth E Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Are Sphingolipids and Serine Dipeptide Lipids Underestimated Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis? Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00035-18. [PMID: 29632248 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00035-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The keystone periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis produces phosphorylated dihydroceramide lipids (sphingolipids) such as phosphoethanolamine dihydroceramide (PE DHC) and phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide (PG DHC) lipids. Phosphorylated DHCs (PDHCs) from P. gingivalis can affect a number of mammalian cellular functions, such as potentiation of prostaglandin secretion from gingival fibroblasts, promotion of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, promotion of apoptosis, and enhancement of autoimmunity. In P. gingivalis, these lipids affect anchoring of surface polysaccharides, resistance to oxidative stress, and presentation of surface polysaccharides (anionic polysaccharides and K-antigen capsule). In addition to phosphorylated dihydroceramide lipids, serine dipeptide lipids of P. gingivalis are implicated in alveolar bone loss in chronic periodontitis through interference with osteoblast differentiation and function and promotion of osteoclast activity. As a prerequisite for designation as bacterial virulence factors, bacterial sphingolipids and serine dipeptide lipids are recovered in gingival/periodontal tissues, tooth calculus, human blood, vascular tissues, and brain. In addition to P. gingivalis, other bacteria of the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Porphyromonas, Tannerella, and Prevotella produce sphingolipids and serine dipeptide lipids. The contribution of PDHCs and serine dipeptide lipids to the pathogenesis of periodontal and extraoral diseases may be an underappreciated area in microbe-host interaction and should be more intensively investigated.
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Lipid rafts promote liver cancer cell proliferation and migration by up-regulation of TLR7 expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63856-63869. [PMID: 27588480 PMCID: PMC5325409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immune responses and TLR signaling has been associated with various chronic liver diseases. Lipid rafts provide the necessary microenvironment for certain specialized signaling events to take place, such as the innate immune recognition. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of TLR7 expression in HCC, how to recruit TLR7 into lipid rafts responded to ligands and whether targeting TLR7 might have beneficial effects. The study group was comprised of 130 human liver tissues: 23 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 18 liver cirrhosis (LC), 68 HCC and 21 normal livers. The expression of TLR7 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Proliferation and migration of human HepG2 cells were studied following stimulation of TLR7 using the agonist gardiquimod and inhibition with a specific antagonist 20S-protopanaxadiol (aPPD). The activation of lipid raft-associated TLR7 signaling was measured using western blotting, double immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation in liver tissues and HepG2 cells. TLR7 expression was up-regulated in human HCC tissues and hepatoma cell line. Proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells in vitro increased significantly in response to stimulation of TLR7. TLR7 inhibition using aPPD significantly reduced HepG2 cell migration in vitro. The lipid raft protein caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 were involved with enhanced TLR7 signaling in HCC.
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Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins impair pro-inflammatory macrophage responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6458. [PMID: 29691463 PMCID: PMC5915385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing soft tissue infections are lethal polymicrobial infections. Two key microbes that cause necrotizing soft tissue infections are Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium perfringens. These pathogens evade innate immunity using multiple virulence factors, including cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs). CDCs are resisted by mammalian cells through the sequestration and shedding of pores during intrinsic membrane repair. One hypothesis is that vesicle shedding promotes immune evasion by concomitantly eliminating key signaling proteins present in cholesterol-rich microdomains. To test this hypothesis, murine macrophages were challenged with sublytic CDC doses. CDCs suppressed LPS or IFNγ-stimulated TNFα production and CD69 and CD86 surface expression. This suppression was cell intrinsic. Two membrane repair pathways, patch repair and intrinsic repair, might mediate TNFα suppression. However, patch repair did not correlate with TNFα suppression. Intrinsic repair partially contributed to macrophage dysfunction because TLR4 and the IFNγR were partially shed following CDC challenge. Intrinsic repair was not sufficient for suppression, because pore formation was also required. These findings suggest that even when CDCs fail to kill cells, they may impair innate immune signaling responses dependent on cholesterol-rich microdomains. This is one potential mechanism to explain the lethality of S. pyogenes and C. perfringens during necrotizing soft tissue infections.
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Gianfrancesco MA, Paquot N, Piette J, Legrand-Poels S. Lipid bilayer stress in obesity-linked inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:168-183. [PMID: 29462590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of the characteristic lipid compositions and physicochemical properties of biological membranes is essential for their proper function. Mechanisms allowing to sense and restore membrane homeostasis have been identified in prokaryotes for a long time and more recently in eukaryotes. A membrane remodeling can result from aberrant metabolism as seen in obesity. In this review, we describe how such lipid bilayer stress can account for the modulation of membrane proteins involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-linked inflammatory and metabolic disorders. We address the case of the Toll-like receptor 4 that is implicated in the obesity-related low grade inflammation and insulin resistance. The lipid raft-mediated TLR4 activation is promoted by an enrichment of the plasma membrane with saturated lipids or cholesterol increasing the lipid phase order. We discuss of the plasma membrane Na, K-ATPase that illustrates a new concept according to which direct interactions between specific residues and particular lipids determine both stability and activity of the pump in parallel with indirect effects of the lipid bilayer. The closely related sarco(endo)-plasmic Ca-ATPase embedded in the more fluid ER membrane seems to be more sensitive to a lipid bilayer stress as demonstrated by its inactivation in cholesterol-loaded macrophages or its inhibition mediated by an increased PtdCho/PtdEtn ratio in obese mice hepatocytes. Finally, we describe the model recently proposed for the activation of the conserved IRE-1 protein through alterations in the ER membrane lipid packing and thickness. Such IRE-1 activation could occur in response to abnormal lipid synthesis and membrane remodeling as observed in hepatocytes exposed to excess nutrients. Since the IRE-1/XBP1 branch also stimulates the lipid synthesis, this pathway could create a vicious cycle "lipogenesis-ER lipid bilayer stress-lipogenesis" amplifying hepatic ER pathology and the obesity-linked systemic metabolic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Gianfrancesco
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Paquot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Legrand-Poels
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Vibrio cholerae OmpU induces IL-8 expression in human intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2017; 93:47-54. [PMID: 29145158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although Vibrio cholerae colonizes the small intestine and induces acute inflammatory responses, less is known about the molecular mechanisms of V. cholerae-induced inflammatory responses in the intestine. We recently reported that OmpU, one of the most abundant outer membrane proteins of V. cholerae, plays an important role in the innate immunity of the whole bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the role of OmpU in induction of IL-8, a representative chemokine that recruits various inflammatory immune cells, in the human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) line, HT-29. Recombinant OmpU (rOmpU) of V. cholerae induced IL-8 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, IL-8 was secreted through both apical and basolateral sides of the polarized HT-29 cells upon apical exposure to rOmpU but not upon basolateral exposure. rOmpU-induced IL-8 expression was inhibited by interference of lipid raft formation with nystatin, but not by blocking the formation of clathrin-coated pits with chlorpromazine. In addition, rOmpU-induced IL-8 expression was mediated via ERK1/2 and p38 kinase pathways, but not via JNK signaling pathway. Finally, V. cholerae lacking ompU elicited decreased IL-8 expression and adherence to HT-29 cells compared to the parental strain. Collectively, these results suggest that V. cholerae OmpU might play an important role in intestinal inflammation by inducing IL-8 expression in human IECs.
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27
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Visualising pattern recognition receptor signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1077-1085. [PMID: 28842530 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Signalling by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for protecting the host against pathogens. Disruption of these signalling pathways has been implicated in many diseases ranging from infection susceptibility to cancer and autoimmune disease. Understanding how PRRs signal is of critical importance due to their potential as therapeutic targets to ameliorate symptoms of inflammatory diseases. The recent advances in microscopy, such as the discovery of fluorescent proteins and the breaking of the diffraction limit of light, offer a unique opportunity to visualise receptor signalling at a single protein level within living cells. Many different microscopy techniques have been developed and used for dissecting different aspects of PRR signalling pathways. This review will provide an overview of the main microscopy techniques used for dissecting these pathways with a focus on Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signalling.
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Lv X, Jing Y, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Julian R, Lin J. Membrane microdomains and the cytoskeleton constrain AtHIR1 dynamics and facilitate the formation of an AtHIR1-associated immune complex. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:3-16. [PMID: 28081290 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis hypersensitive-induced reaction (AtHIR) proteins function in plant innate immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which AtHIRs participate in plant immunity remain elusive. Here, using VA-TIRFM and FLIM-FRET, we revealed that AtHIR1 is present in membrane microdomains and co-localizes with the membrane microdomain marker REM1.3. Single-particle tracking analysis revealed that membrane microdomains and the cytoskeleton, especially microtubules, restrict the lateral mobility of AtHIR1 at the plasma membrane and facilitate its oligomerization. Furthermore, protein proximity index measurements, fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, and biochemical experiments demonstrated that the formation of the AtHIR1 complex upon pathogen perception requires intact microdomains and cytoskeleton. Taken together, these findings suggest that microdomains and the cytoskeleton constrain AtHIR1 dynamics, promote AtHIR1 oligomerization, and increase the efficiency of the interactions of AtHIR1 with components of the AtHIR1 complex in response to pathogens, thus providing valuable insight into the mechanisms of defense-related responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lv
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongdeng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Russell Julian
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jinxing Lin
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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29
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Borges PV, Moret KH, Raghavendra NM, Maramaldo Costa TE, Monteiro AP, Carneiro AB, Pacheco P, Temerozo JR, Bou-Habib DC, das Graças Henriques M, Penido C. Protective effect of gedunin on TLR-mediated inflammation by modulation of inflammasome activation and cytokine production: Evidence of a multitarget compound. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Hajishengallis G, Arce S, Gockel CM, Connell TD, Russell MW. Immunomodulation with Enterotoxins for the Generation of Secretory Immunity or Tolerance: Applications for Oral Infections. J Dent Res 2016; 84:1104-16. [PMID: 16304439 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat-labile enterotoxins, such as cholera toxin (CT), and the labile toxins types I and II (LT-I and LT-II) of Escherichia coli have been extensively studied for their immunomodulatory properties, which result in the enhancement of immune responses. Despite superficial similarity in structure, in which a toxic A subunit is coupled to a pentameric binding B subunit, different toxins have different immunological properties. Administration of appropriate antigens admixed with or coupled to these toxins by oral, intranasal, or other routes in experimental animals induces mucosal IgA and circulating IgG antibodies that have protective potential against a variety of enteric, respiratory, or genital infections. These include the generation of salivary antibodies that may protect against colonization with mutans streptococci and the development of dental caries. However, exploitation of these adjuvants for human use requires an understanding of their mode of action and the separation of their desirable immunomodulatory properties from their toxicity. Recent findings have revealed that adjuvant action is not critically dependent upon the enzymic activity of the A subunits, and that the isolated B subunits may exert different effects on cells of the immune system than do the intact toxins. Interaction of the toxins with immunocompetent cells is not exclusively dependent upon their conventional ganglioside receptors. Immunomodulatory effects have been observed on dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and B-cells. Numerous factors—including the precise form of the toxin adjuvant, properties of the antigen, whether and how they are coupled, route of administration, and species of animal model—affect the outcome, whether this is enhanced humoral and cellular immunity, or specific induced tolerance toward the antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, and Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Ciesielska A, Sas-Nowosielska H, Kwiatkowska K. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate inhibits TLR4-dependent RANTES production in macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 83:15-26. [PMID: 27939812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggering production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which help eradicate the bacteria but could also be harmful when overproduced. The signaling activity of TLR4 is modulated by cholesterol level in cellular membranes, which in turn is affected by bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a phospholipid enriched in late endosomes. We found that exogenously added BMP isomers become incorporated into the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles of macrophages and strongly reduced LPS-stimulated production of a chemokine RANTES, which was correlated with inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) controlling Rantes expression. To investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of BMP on TLR4 signaling we applied Laurdan and studied the impact of BMP incorporation on lipid packing, a measure for membrane order. Enrichment of model and cellular membranes with BMP significantly reduced their order and the reduction was maintained during stimulation of cells with LPS. This effect of BMP was abolished by enrichment of macrophages with cholesterol. In parallel, the inhibitory effect of BMP exerted on the TLR4-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 was also reversed. Taken together our results indicate that BMP reduces the order of macrophage membranes which contributes to the inhibition of TLR4-dependent RANTES production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Sas-Nowosielska
- Laboratory for Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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Płóciennikowska A, Hromada-Judycka A, Dembinńska J, Roszczenko P, Ciesielska A, Kwiatkowska K. Contribution of CD14 and TLR4 to changes of the PI(4,5)P2
level in LPS-stimulated cells. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1363-1373. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2vma1215-577r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Moolla N, Killick M, Papathanasopoulos M, Capovilla A. Thioredoxin (Trx1) regulates CD4 membrane domain localization and is required for efficient CD4-dependent HIV-1 entry. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1854-63. [PMID: 27233453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surfaces of certain immune cells. On lymphocytes, an important function of CD4 is to co-engage Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules with the T Cell Receptor (TCR), a process that is essential for antigen-specific activation of T cells. CD4 localizes dynamically into distinct membrane microdomains, an important feature of its immunoregulatory function that has also been shown to influence the efficiency of HIV replication. However, the mechanism by which CD4 localization is regulated and the biological significance of this is incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, we used confocal microscopy, density-gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry to analyze dynamic redox-dependent effects on CD4 membrane domain localization. RESULTS Blocking cell surface redox exchanges with both a membrane-impermeable sulfhydryl blocker (DTNB) and specific antibody inhibitors of Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) induces translocation of CD4 into detergent-resistant membrane domains (DRM). In contrast, Trx1 inactivation does not change the localization of the chemokine receptor CCR5, suggesting that this effect is targeted. Moreover, DTNB treatment and Trx1 depletion coincide with strong inhibition of CD4-dependent HIV entry, but only moderate reductions in the infectivity of a CD4-independent HIV pseudovirion. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the extracellular redox environment, potentially mediated by allosteric consequences of functional disulfide bond oxidoreduction, may represent a signal for translocation of CD4 into DRM clusters, and this sequestration, another potential mechanism by which the anti-HIV effects of cell surface oxidoreductase inhibition are exerted. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Extracellular redox conditions may regulate CD4 function by potentiating changes in its membrane domain localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naazneen Moolla
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Killick
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maria Papathanasopoulos
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexio Capovilla
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Qin L, Zhu N, Ao BX, Liu C, Shi YN, Du K, Chen JX, Zheng XL, Liao DF. Caveolae and Caveolin-1 Integrate Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:429. [PMID: 27011179 PMCID: PMC4813279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorder and inflammation play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport is a key event in lipid metabolism. Caveolae and caveolin-1 are in the center stage of cholesterol transportation and inflammation in macrophages. Here, we propose that reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation in atherosclerosis can be integrated by caveolae and caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Bao-Xue Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Chan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Sharma N, Akhade AS, Qadri A. Src kinases central to T-cell receptor signaling regulate TLR-activated innate immune responses from human T cells. Innate Immun 2016; 22:238-44. [PMID: 26888964 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916632305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TLRs have a fundamental role in immunity. We have recently reported that stimulation of TLR2 and TLR5 in freshly isolated and activated human T cells with microbial ligands without concomitant activation through the TCR brings about secretion of neutrophil chemoattractant, CXCL8, and effector cytokine, IFN-γ, respectively. However, the mechanism of TLR signaling in T cells has not been worked out. Here, we show that the Src family kinases, p56(lck)(Lck) and p59(fyn)(Fyn), which are essential for activation of T cells through the TCR, are also critical for signal transduction through TLRs in human T cells. The secretion of CXCL8 following stimulation of the model human T cell line, Jurkat, with the TLR5 ligand, flagellin, was reduced in presence of the Src-kinase inhibitor, PP2 and specific inhibitors of Lck and Fyn. These inhibitors suppressed generation of activated JNK and p38, which were both required for TLR-induced CXCL8 production. The Lck-deficient derivative of Jurkat, JCam1.6, responded poorly to TLR2, TLR5 and TLR7 agonists, and did not generate active signaling intermediates. Lck and Fyn inhibitors also reduced TLR5-induced IFN-γ secretion from the activated T cell phenotype-representing T cell line, HuT78, without modulating JNK and p38 activation. These results reveal that TCR and TLRs share key proximal signaling regulators in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Suresh Akhade
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ayub Qadri
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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36
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Köberlin MS, Heinz LX, Superti-Furga G. Functional crosstalk between membrane lipids and TLR biology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:28-36. [PMID: 26895312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important transmembrane proteins of the innate immune system that detect invading pathogens and subsequently orchestrate an immune response. The ensuing inflammatory processes are connected to lipid metabolism at multiple levels. Here, we describe different aspects of how membrane lipids can shape the response of TLRs. Recent reports have uncovered the role of individual lipid species on membrane protein function and mouse models have contributed to the understanding of how changes in lipid metabolism alter TLR signaling, endocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Finally, we discuss the importance of systematic approaches to identify the function of individual lipid species or the composition of membrane lipids in TLR-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle S Köberlin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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37
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Kopp F, Kupsch S, Schromm AB. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is bound and internalized by host cells and colocalizes with LPS in the cytoplasm: Implications for a role of LBP in intracellular LPS-signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:660-72. [PMID: 26804480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is critically involved in innate immune responses to Gram-negative infections. We show here that human peripheral blood-derived monocytes, but not lymphocytes, stain positive for endogenous LBP on the cell surface. Studies on human macrophages demonstrate LBP binding at normal serum concentrations of 1-10 μg/ml. Binding was increased in a concentration-dependent manner by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fluorescence quenching experiments and confocal microscopy revealed constitutive and LPS-induced internalization of LBP by macrophages. Experiments with macrophages and HEK293 cell lines showed that binding and uptake of LBP do not depend on the LPS receptors CD14 and TLR4/MD-2. Fractionation of Triton X-100 solubilized cytoplasmic membranes revealed that LBP was primarily localized in non-raft domains under resting conditions. Cellular LPS stimulation elevated LBP levels and induced enrichment in fractions marking the transition between non-raft and raft domains. LBP was found to colocalize with LPS at the cytoplasmic membrane and in intracellular compartments of macrophages. In macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATP for inflammasome activation, LBP was observed in close vicinity to activated caspases. Furthermore, LBP conferred IL-1β production by LPS in the absence of ATP. These data establish that LBP serves not only as an extracellular LPS shuttle but in addition facilitates intracellular transport of LPS. This observation adds a new function to this central immune regulator of LPS biology and raises the possibility for a role of LBP in the delivery of LPS to TLR4-independent intracellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kopp
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Sarah Kupsch
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
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Mannic T, Satta N, Pagano S, Python M, Virzi J, Montecucco F, Frias MA, James RW, Maturana AD, Rossier MF, Vuilleumier N. CD14 as a Mediator of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Dependent Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 IgG Chronotropic Effect on Cardiomyocytes. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4707-19. [PMID: 26393305 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and animal studies point to autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) as possible mediators of cardiovascular (CV) disease involving several mechanisms such as basal heart rate interference mediated by a mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent L-type calcium channel activation, and a direct pro-inflammatory effect through the engagement of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/CD14 complex. Nevertheless, the possible implication of these receptors in the pro-arrhythmogenic effect of anti-apoA-1 antibodies remains elusive. We aimed at determining whether CD14 and TLRs could mediate the anti-apoA-1 IgG chronotropic response in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVC). Blocking CD14 suppressed anti-apoA-1 IgG binding to NRVC and the related positive chronotropic response. Anti-apoA-1 IgG alone induced the formation of a TLR2/TLR4/CD14 complex, followed by the phosphorylation of Src, whereas aldosterone alone promoted the phosphorylation of Akt by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), without affecting the chronotropic response. In the presence of both aldosterone and anti-apoA-1 IgG, the localization of TLR2/TLR4/CD14 was increased in membrane lipid rafts, followed by PI3K and Src activation, leading to an L-type calcium channel-dependent positive chronotropic response. Pharmacological inhibition of the Src pathway led to the decrease of L-type calcium channel activity and abrogated the NRVC chronotropic response. Activation of CD14 seems to be a key regulator of the mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent anti-apoA-1 IgG positive chronotropic effect on NRVCs, involving relocation of the CD14/TLR2/TLR4 complex into lipid rafts followed by PI3K and Src-dependent L-type calcium channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Mannic
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Satta
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Pagano
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Magaly Python
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Julien Virzi
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Frias
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Richard W James
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Andres D Maturana
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michel F Rossier
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Chemistry and Proteomic Group, Auto-immunity and Atherogenesis group; and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine (T.M., N.S., J.V., F.M., N.V., M.F.R.), Geneva University Hospitals, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition (M.P., M.A.F., R.W.J.), Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Bioengineering Sciences (A.D.M.), Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Nagoya University, Japan; and Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais (M.F.R.), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
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Płóciennikowska A, Zdioruk MI, Traczyk G, Świątkowska A, Kwiatkowska K. LPS-induced clustering of CD14 triggers generation of PI(4,5)P2. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4096-111. [PMID: 26446256 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces strong pro-inflammatory reactions after sequential binding to CD14 protein and TLR4 receptor. Here, we show that CD14 controls generation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] in response to LPS binding. In J774 cells and HEK293 cells expressing CD14 exposed to 10-100 ng/ml LPS, the level of PI(4,5)P2 rose in a biphasic manner with peaks at 5-10 min and 60 min. After 5-10 min of LPS stimulation, CD14 underwent prominent clustering in the plasma membrane, accompanied by accumulation of PI(4,5)P2 and type-I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) isoforms Iα and Iγ (encoded by Pip5k1a and Pip5k1c, respectively) in the CD14 region. Clustering of CD14 with antibodies, without LPS and TLR4 participation, was sufficient to trigger PI(4,5)P2 elevation. The newly generated PI(4,5)P2 accumulated in rafts, which also accommodated CD14 and a large portion of PIP5K Iα and PIP5K Iγ. Silencing of PIP5K Iα and PIP5K Iγ, or application of drugs interfering with PI(4,5)P2 synthesis and availability, abolished the LPS-induced PI(4,5)P2 elevation and inhibited downstream pro-inflammatory reactions. Taken together, these data indicate that LPS induces clustering of CD14, which triggers PI(4,5)P2 generation in rafts that is required for maximal pro-inflammatory signaling of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Płóciennikowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Mykola I Zdioruk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Gabriela Traczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Świątkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, 3 Pasteur St., Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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Borges PV, Moret KH, Maya-Monteiro CM, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR, Batista PR, Caffarena ER, Pacheco P, Henriques MDG, Penido C. Gedunin Binds to Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2 and Impairs Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Macrophages. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:949-61. [PMID: 26330549 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by innate immune system is mediated by the cluster of differentiation 14/Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) complex. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effect of gedunin, a limonoid from species of the Meliaceae family described as a heat shock protein Hsp90 inhibitor, on LPS-induced response in immortalized murine macrophages. The pretreatment of wild-type (WT) macrophages with gedunin (0.01-100 µM, noncytotoxic concentrations) inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced calcium influx, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. The selective effect of gedunin on MyD88-adapter-like/myeloid differentiation primary response 88- and TRIF-related adaptor molecule/TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β-dependent signaling pathways was further investigated. The pretreatment of WT, TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β knockout, and MyD88 adapter-like knockout macrophages with gedunin (10 µM) significantly inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production, at 6 hours and 24 hours, suggesting that gedunin modulates a common event between both signaling pathways. Furthermore, gedunin (10 µM) inhibited LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 production, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and nuclear factor κB translocation into the nucleus of WT macrophages, demonstrating a wide-range effect of this chemical compound. In addition to the ability to inhibit LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators, gedunin also triggered anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10, heme oxygenase-1, and Hsp70 in macrophages stimulated or not with LPS. In silico modeling studies revealed that gedunin efficiently docked into the MD-2 LPS binding site, a phenomenon further confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Our results reveal that, in addition to Hsp90 modulation, gedunin acts as a competitive inhibitor of LPS, blocking the formation of the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2/LPS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Villani Borges
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katelim Hottz Moret
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Raúl Caffarena
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pacheco
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen Penido
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Heinz LX, Baumann CL, Köberlin MS, Snijder B, Gawish R, Shui G, Sharif O, Aspalter IM, Müller AC, Kandasamy RK, Breitwieser FP, Pichlmair A, Bruckner M, Rebsamen M, Blüml S, Karonitsch T, Fauster A, Colinge J, Bennett KL, Knapp S, Wenk MR, Superti-Furga G. The Lipid-Modifying Enzyme SMPDL3B Negatively Regulates Innate Immunity. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1919-28. [PMID: 26095358 PMCID: PMC4508342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism and receptor-mediated signaling are highly intertwined processes that cooperate to fulfill cellular functions and safeguard cellular homeostasis. Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) leads to a complex cellular response, orchestrating a diverse range of inflammatory events that need to be tightly controlled. Here, we identified the GPI-anchored Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase, Acid-Like 3B (SMPDL3B) in a mass spectrometry screening campaign for membrane proteins co-purifying with TLRs. Deficiency of Smpdl3b in macrophages enhanced responsiveness to TLR stimulation and profoundly changed the cellular lipid composition and membrane fluidity. Increased cellular responses could be reverted by re-introducing affected ceramides, functionally linking membrane lipid composition and innate immune signaling. Finally, Smpdl3b-deficient mice displayed an intensified inflammatory response in TLR-dependent peritonitis models, establishing its negative regulatory role in vivo. Taken together, our results identify the membrane-modulating enzyme SMPDL3B as a negative regulator of TLR signaling that functions at the interface of membrane biology and innate immunity. Identification of SMPDL3B as lipid-modulating phosphodiesterase on macrophages Negative regulatory role for SMPDL3B in Toll-like receptor function Strong influence of SMPDL3B on membrane lipid composition and fluidity Smpdl3b-deficient mice show enhanced responsiveness in TLR-dependent peritonitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph L Baumann
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marielle S Köberlin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Berend Snijder
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Riem Gawish
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Omar Sharif
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Aspalter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - André C Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian P Breitwieser
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Bruckner
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuele Rebsamen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Karonitsch
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Fauster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Ciesielska A, Kwiatkowska K. Modification of pro-inflammatory signaling by dietary components: The plasma membrane as a target. Bioessays 2015; 37:789-801. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciesielska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology; Warsaw Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology; Warsaw Poland
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Klein DCG, Skjesol A, Kers-Rebel ED, Sherstova T, Sporsheim B, Egeberg KW, Stokke BT, Espevik T, Husebye H. CD14, TLR4 and TRAM Show Different Trafficking Dynamics During LPS Stimulation. Traffic 2015; 16:677-90. [PMID: 25707286 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is responsible for the immediate response to Gram-negative bacteria and signals via two main pathways by recruitment of distinct pairs of adaptor proteins. Mal-MyD88 [Mal (MyD88-adaptor-like) - MYD88 (Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88))] is recruited to the plasma membrane to initiate the signaling cascade leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while TRAM-TRIF [TRAM (TRIF-related adaptor molecule)-TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β)] is recruited to early endosomes to initiate the subsequent production of type I interferons. We have investigated the dynamics of TLR4 and TRAM during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that LPS induced a CD14-dependent immobile fraction of TLR4 in the plasma membrane. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) revealed that LPS stimulation induced clustering of TLR4 into small punctate structures in the plasma membrane containing CD14/LPS and clathrin, both in HEK293 cells and the macrophage model cell line U373-CD14. These results suggest that laterally immobilized TLR4 receptor complexes are being formed and prepared for endocytosis. RAB11A was found to be involved in localizing TRAM to the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) and to early sorting endosomes. Moreover, CD14/LPS but not TRAM was immobilized on RAB11A-positive endosomes, which indicates that TRAM and CD14/LPS can independently be recruited to endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne C G Klein
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Skjesol
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Present address: Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatyana Sherstova
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjartan W Egeberg
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn T Stokke
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Harald Husebye
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Brubaker SW, Bonham KS, Zanoni I, Kagan JC. Innate immune pattern recognition: a cell biological perspective. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33:257-90. [PMID: 25581309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 985] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptors of the innate immune system detect conserved determinants of microbial and viral origin. Activation of these receptors initiates signaling events that culminate in an effective immune response. Recently, the view that innate immune signaling events rely on and operate within a complex cellular infrastructure has become an important framework for understanding the regulation of innate immunity. Compartmentalization within this infrastructure provides the cell with the ability to assign spatial information to microbial detection and regulate immune responses. Several cell biological processes play a role in the regulation of innate signaling responses; at the same time, innate signaling can engage cellular processes as a form of defense or to promote immunological memory. In this review, we highlight these aspects of cell biology in pattern-recognition receptor signaling by focusing on signals that originate from the cell surface, from endosomal compartments, and from within the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky W Brubaker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , , ,
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45
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Lane L, Smith AM, Lian T, Nie S. Compact and blinking-suppressed quantum dots for single-particle tracking in live cells. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14140-7. [PMID: 25157589 PMCID: PMC4266335 DOI: 10.1021/jp5064325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) offer distinct advantages over organic dyes and fluorescent proteins for biological imaging applications because of their brightness, photostability, and tunability. However, a major limitation is that single QDs emit fluorescent light in an intermittent on-and-off fashion called "blinking". Here we report the development of blinking-suppressed, relatively compact QDs that are able to maintain their favorable optical properties in aqueous solution. Specifically, we show that a linearly graded alloy shell can be grown on a small CdSe core via a precisely controlled layer-by-layer process, and that this graded shell leads to a dramatic suppression of QD blinking in both organic solvents and water. A substantial portion (>25%) of the resulting QDs does not blink (more than 99% of the time in the bright or "on" state). Theoretical modeling studies indicate that this type of linearly graded shell not only can minimize charge carrier access to surface traps but also can reduce lattice defects, both of which are believed to be responsible for carrier trapping and QD blinking. Further, we have evaluated the biological utility of blinking-suppressed QDs coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based ligands and multidentate ligands. The results demonstrate that their optical properties are largely independent of surface coatings and solvating media, and that the blinking-suppressed QDs can provide continuous trajectories in live-cell receptor tracking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas
A. Lane
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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46
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Płóciennikowska A, Hromada-Judycka A, Borzęcka K, Kwiatkowska K. Co-operation of TLR4 and raft proteins in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:557-581. [PMID: 25332099 PMCID: PMC4293489 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria to induce production of pro-inflammatory mediators aiming at eradication of the bacteria. Dysregulation of the host responses to LPS can lead to a systemic inflammatory condition named sepsis. In a typical scenario, activation of TLR4 is preceded by binding of LPS to CD14 protein anchored in cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane called rafts. CD14 then transfers the LPS to the TLR4/MD-2 complex which dimerizes and triggers MyD88- and TRIF-dependent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. The TRIF-dependent signaling is linked with endocytosis of the activated TLR4, which is controlled by CD14. In addition to CD14, other raft proteins like Lyn tyrosine kinase of the Src family, acid sphingomyelinase, CD44, Hsp70, and CD36 participate in the TLR4 signaling triggered by LPS and non-microbial endogenous ligands. In this review, we summarize the current state of the knowledge on the involvement of rafts in TLR4 signaling, with an emphasis on how the raft proteins regulate the TLR4 signaling pathways. CD14-bearing rafts, and possibly CD36-rich rafts, are believed to be preferred sites of the assembly of a multimolecular complex which mediates the endocytosis of activated TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Płóciennikowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Borzęcka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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47
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Ishida A, Akita K, Mori Y, Tanida S, Toda M, Inoue M, Nakada H. Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor-4 signaling through the binding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein, CD14, with the sialic acid-binding lectin, CD33. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25341-50. [PMID: 25059667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.523480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
When monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (imDCs) were stimulated with LPS in the presence of anti-CD33/Siglec-3 mAb, the production of IL-12 and phosphorylation of NF-κB decreased significantly. The cell surface proteins of imDCs were chemically cross-linked, and CD33-linked proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. It was CD14 that was found to be cross-linked with CD33. A proximity ligation assay also indicated that CD33 was colocalized with CD14 on the cell surface of imDCs. Sialic acid-dependent binding of CD33 to CD14 was confirmed by a plate assay using recombinant CD33 and CD14. Three types of cells (HEK293T cells expressing the LPS receptor complex (Toll-like receptor (TLR) cells), and the LPS receptor complex plus either wild-type CD33 (TLR/CD33WT cells) or mutated CD33 without sialic acid-binding activity (TLR/CD33RA cells)) were prepared, and then the binding and uptake of LPS were investigated. Although the level of LPS bound on the cell surface was similar among these cells, the uptake of LPS was reduced in TLR/CD33WT cells. A higher level of CD14-bound LPS and a lower level of TLR4-bound LPS were detected in TLR/CD33WT cells compared with the other two cell types, probably due to reduced presentation of LPS from CD14 to TLR4. Phosphorylation of NF-κB after stimulation with LPS was also compared. Wild-type CD33 but not mutated CD33 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB. These results suggest that CD14 is an endogenous ligand for CD33 and that ligation of CD33 with CD14 modulates with the presentation of LPS from CD14 to TLR4, leading to down-regulation of TLR4-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ishida
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Akita
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yugo Mori
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tanida
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Munetoyo Toda
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Mizue Inoue
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- From the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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48
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Sender V, Stamme C. Lung cell-specific modulation of LPS-induced TLR4 receptor and adaptor localization. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:e29053. [PMID: 25136402 PMCID: PMC4134348 DOI: 10.4161/cib.29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung infection by Gram-negative bacteria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), located in the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, is a highly potent stimulus of immune and structural cells via the TLR4/MD2 complex whose function is sequentially regulated by defined subsets of adaptor proteins. Regulatory mechanisms of lung-specific defense pathways point at the crucial role of resident alveolar macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells, the TLR4 receptor pathway, and lung surfactant in shaping the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacteria and LPS. During the past decade intracellular spatiotemporal localization of TLR4 emerged as a key feature of TLR4 function. Here, we briefly review lung cell type- and compartment-specific mechanisms of LPS-induced TLR4 regulation with a focus on primary resident hematopoietic and structural cells as well as modifying microenvironmental factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Sender
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cordula Stamme
- Division of Cellular Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences; Borstel, Germany ; Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Farlow J, Seo D, Broaders KE, Taylor MJ, Gartner ZJ, Jun YW. Formation of targeted monovalent quantum dots by steric exclusion. Nat Methods 2013; 10:1203-5. [PMID: 24122039 PMCID: PMC3968776 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over interfacial chemistry between nanoparticles and other materials remains a major challenge that limits broad application of nanotechnology in biology. To address this challenge, we used 'steric exclusion' to completely convert commercial quantum dots (QDs) into monovalent imaging probes by wrapping each QD with a functionalized oligonucleotide. We demonstrated the utility of these QDs as modular and nonperturbing imaging probes by tracking individual Notch receptors on live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Farlow
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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50
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Snodgrass RG, Huang S, Choi IW, Rutledge JC, Hwang DH. Inflammasome-mediated secretion of IL-1β in human monocytes through TLR2 activation; modulation by dietary fatty acids. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4337-47. [PMID: 24043885 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that TLR4- and TLR2-deficient mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, suggesting that saturated fatty acids derived from the high-fat diet activate TLR-mediated proinflammatory signaling pathways and induce insulin resistance. However, evidence that palmitic acid, the major dietary saturated fatty acid, can directly activate TLR has not been demonstrated. In this article, we present multiple lines of evidence showing that palmitic acid directly activates TLR2, a major TLR expressed on human monocytes, by inducing heterodimerization with TLR1 in an NADPH oxidase-dependent manner. Dimerization of TLR2 with TLR1 was inhibited by the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. Activation of TLR2 by palmitic acid leads to expression of pro-IL-1β that is cleaved by caspase-1, which is constitutively present in monocytes, to release mature IL-1β. Our results reveal mechanistic insight about how palmitic acid activates TLR2, upregulates NALP3 expression, and induces inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in human monocytes, which can trigger enhanced inflammation in peripheral tissues, and suggest that these processes are dynamically modulated by the types of dietary fat we consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Snodgrass
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616
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