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Zhou Q, Qi F, Zhou C, Ji J, Jiang J, Wang C, Zhao Q, Jin Y, Wu J, Cai Q, Tian H, Zhang J. VPS35 promotes gastric cancer progression through integrin/FAK/SRC signalling-mediated IL-6/STAT3 pathway activation in a YAP-dependent manner. Oncogene 2024; 43:106-122. [PMID: 37950040 PMCID: PMC10774127 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
VPS35 is a key subunit of the retromer complex responsible for recognising cytosolic retrieval signals in cargo and is involved in neurodegenerative disease and tumour progression. However, the function and molecular mechanism of VPS35 in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that VPS35 was significantly upregulated in GC, which was associated with poor survival. VPS35 promoted GC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, VPS35 activated FAK-SRC kinases through integrin-mediated outside-in signalling, leading to the activation of YAP and subsequent IL-6 expression induction in tumour cells. What's more, combined mass spectrometry analysis of MGC-803 cell and bioinformatic analysis, we found that phosphorylation of VPS35 was enhanced in GC cells, and phosphorylated VPS35 has enhanced interaction with ITGB3. VPS35 interacted with ITGB3 and affected the recycling of ITGB3 in GC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that VPS35 promoted tumour proliferation and metastasis via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Interestingly, we also found that STAT3 directly bound to the VPS35 promoter and increased VPS35 transcription, thereby establishing a positive regulatory feedback loop. In addition, we demonstrated that VPS35 knockdown sensitised GC cells to 5-FU and cisplatin. These findings provide evidence that VPS35 promotes tumour proliferation and metastasis, and highlight the potential of targeting VPS35- and IL-6/STAT3-mediated tumour interactions as promising therapeutic strategies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qianfu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yangbing Jin
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Meindl K, Issler N, Afonso S, Cebrian-Serrano A, Müller K, Sterner C, Othmen H, Tegtmeier I, Witzgall R, Klootwijk E, Davies B, Kleta R, Warth R. A missense mutation in Ehd1 associated with defective spermatogenesis and male infertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240558. [PMID: 37900275 PMCID: PMC10600459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal function of the C-terminal Eps15 homology domain-containing protein 1 (EHD1) has previously been associated with endocytic vesicle trafficking, shaping of intracellular membranes, and ciliogenesis. We recently identified an autosomal recessive missense mutation c.1192C>T (p.R398W) of EHD1 in patients who had low molecular weight proteinuria (0.7-2.1 g/d) and high-frequency hearing loss. It was already known from Ehd1 knockout mice that inactivation of Ehd1 can lead to male infertility. However, the exact role of the EHD1 protein and its p.R398W mutant during spermatogenesis remained still unclear. Here, we report the testicular phenotype of a knockin mouse model carrying the p.R398W mutation in the EHD1 protein. Male homozygous knockin mice were infertile, whereas the mutation had no effect on female fertility. Testes and epididymes were significantly reduced in size and weight. The testicular epithelium appeared profoundly damaged and had a disorganized architecture. The composition of developing cell types was altered. Malformed acrosomes covered underdeveloped and misshaped sperm heads. In the sperm tail, midpieces were largely missing indicating disturbed assembly of the sperm tail. Defective structures, i.e., nuclei, acrosomes, and sperm tail midpieces, were observed in large vacuoles scattered throughout the epithelium. Interestingly, cilia formation itself did not appear to be affected, as the axoneme and other parts of the sperm tails except the midpieces appeared to be intact. In wildtype mice, EHD1 co-localized with acrosomal granules on round spermatids, suggesting a role of the EHD1 protein during acrosomal development. Wildtype EHD1 also co-localized with the VPS35 component of the retromer complex, whereas the p.R398W mutant did not. The testicular pathologies appeared very early during the first spermatogenic wave in young mice (starting at 14 dpp) and tubular destruction worsened with age. Taken together, EHD1 plays an important and probably multifaceted role in spermatogenesis in mice. Therefore, EHD1 may also be a hitherto underestimated infertility gene in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meindl
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Naomi Issler
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit and Research Lab, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Afonso
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alberto Cebrian-Serrano
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo- und Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Helga Othmen
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Tegtmeier
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Enriko Klootwijk
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Genetic Modification Service, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kleta
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Warth
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Butyrate limits human natural killer cell effector function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2715. [PMID: 36792800 PMCID: PMC9932090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota regulates chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of disease including autoimmunity and cancer. Microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) e.g., butyrate have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects and are thought to be key mediators of the host-microbiome interaction. Here, we investigated the effect of butyrate on effector functions of blood derived human NK cells stimulated for 18 h with a combination of IL-12/IL-15, a potent mix of cytokines that drive NK cell activation. We show that butyrate has a strong anti-inflammatory effect on NK cells. NK cells cultured in the presence of butyrate expressed lower levels of activating receptors (TRAIL, NKp30, NKp44) and produced lower levels of cytokines (IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-22, granzyme B, granzyme A, perforin) in response to IL-12/IL-15. Butyrate restricted NK cell function by downregulation of mTORC1 activity, c-Myc mRNA expression and metabolism. Using a shotgun proteomic approach, we confirmed the effect of butyrate on NK cell cytokine signaling and metabolism and identified BRD2, MAT2A and EHD1 as downstream mediators of these effects. This insight into the immunomodulatory activity of butyrate on human NK cell function might help to develop new ways to limit NK cell function during chronic inflammation.
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Lang M, Pramstaller PP, Pichler I. Crosstalk of organelles in Parkinson's disease - MiT family transcription factors as central players in signaling pathways connecting mitochondria and lysosomes. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35842725 PMCID: PMC9288732 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms constantly need to adapt to their surrounding environment and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to deal with stress. Mitochondria and lysosomes are central organelles in the response to energy and nutrient availability within a cell and act through interconnected mechanisms. However, when such processes become overwhelmed, it can lead to pathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by proteinaceous intracellular inclusions and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, which causes motor and non-motor symptoms. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the disease etiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been recognized as a hallmark of PD pathogenesis, and several aspects of mitochondrial biology are impaired in PD patients and models. In addition, defects of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway have extensively been observed in cell and animal models as well as PD patients' brains, where constitutive autophagy is indispensable for adaptation to stress and energy deficiency. Genetic and molecular studies have shown that the functions of mitochondria and lysosomal compartments are tightly linked and influence each other. Connections between these organelles are constituted among others by mitophagy, organellar dynamics and cellular signaling cascades, such as calcium (Ca2+) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and the activation of transcription factors. Members of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT), including MITF, TFE3 and TFEB, play a central role in regulating cellular homeostasis in response to metabolic pressure and are considered master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis. As such, they are part of the interconnection between mitochondria and lysosome functions and therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic approaches against NDD, including PD. The activation of MiT transcription factors through genetic and pharmacological approaches have shown encouraging results at ameliorating PD-related phenotypes in in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the relationship between mitochondrial and autophagy-lysosomal functions in the context of PD etiology and focus on the role of the MiT pathway and its potential as pharmacological target against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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Xie S, Dierlam C, Smith E, Duran R, Williams A, Davis A, Mathew D, Naslavsky N, Iyer J, Caplan S. The retromer complex regulates C. elegans development and mammalian ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259396. [PMID: 35510502 PMCID: PMC9189432 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retromer consists of subunits VPS26 (either VPS26A or VPS26B), VPS29 and VPS35, and a loosely associated sorting nexin (SNX) heterodimer or a variety of other SNX proteins. Despite involvement in yeast and mammalian cell trafficking, the role of retromer in development is poorly understood, and its impact on primary ciliogenesis remains unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we demonstrate that vps-26-knockout worms have reduced brood sizes, impaired vulval development and decreased body length, all of which have been linked to ciliogenesis defects. Although preliminary studies did not identify worm ciliary defects, and impaired development limited additional ciliogenesis studies, we turned to mammalian cells to investigate the role of retromer in ciliogenesis. VPS35 localized to the primary cilium of mammalian cells, and depletion of VPS26, VPS35, VPS29, SNX1, SNX2, SNX5 or SNX27 led to decreased ciliogenesis. Retromer also coimmunoprecipitated with the centriolar protein, CP110 (also known as CCP110), and was required for its removal from the mother centriole. Herein, we characterize new roles for retromer in C. elegans development and in the regulation of ciliogenesis in mammalian cells, suggesting a novel role for retromer in CP110 removal from the mother centriole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Carter Dierlam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ellie Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ramon Duran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Allana Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Angelina Davis
- School of Science and Mathematics, Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, OK 74115, USA
| | - Danita Mathew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jyoti Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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6
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Abstract
Interorganellar cross talk is often mediated by membrane contact sites (MCSs), which are zones where participating membranes come within 30 nm of one another. MCSs have been found in organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, endosomes, and mitochondria. Despite its seeming ubiquity, reports of MCS involving mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) present in a few anaerobic parasitic protozoa remain lacking. Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amoebiasis, possesses an MRO called the mitosome. We previously discovered several Entamoeba-specific transmembrane mitosomal proteins (ETMPs) from in silico and cell-biological analyses. One of them, ETMP1 (EHI_175060), was predicted to have one transmembrane domain and two coiled-coil regions and was demonstrated to be mitosome membrane integrated based on carbonate fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) data. Immunoprecipitation analysis detected a candidate interacting partner, EH domain-containing protein (EHD1; EHI_105270). We expressed hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged EHD1 in E. histolytica, and subsequent immunofluorescence and IEM data indicated an unprecedented MCS between the mitosome and the endosome. Live imaging of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-EHD1-expressing strain demonstrated that EHD1 is involved in early endosome formation and is observed in MCS between endosomes of various sizes. In vitro assays using recombinant His-EHD1 demonstrated ATPase activity. MCSs are involved in lipid transfer, ion homeostasis, and organelle dynamics. The serendipitous discovery of the ETMP1-interacting partner EHD1 led to the observation of the mitosome-endosome contact site in E. histolytica. It opened a new view of how the relic mitochondria of Entamoeba may likewise be involved in organelle cross talk, a conserved feature of mitochondria and other organelles in general.
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7
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Newer Methods Drive Recent Insights into Rab GTPase Biology: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34453706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1346-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The conserved Ypt/Rab GTPases regulate all major intracellular protein traffic pathways, including secretion, endocytosis and autophagy. These GTPases undergo distinct changes in conformation between their GTP- and GDP-bound forms and cycle between the cytoplasm and membranes with the aid of their upstream regulators. When activated on the membrane in the GTP-bound form, they recruit their downstream effectors, which include components of vesicular transport. Progress in the past 5 years regarding mechanisms of Rab action, functions, and the effects of disruption of these functions on the well-being of cells and organisms has been propelled by advances in methodologies in molecular and cellular biology. Here, we highlight methods used recently to analyze regulation, localization, interactions, and function of Rab GTPases and their roles in human disease. We discuss contributions of these methods to new insights into Rabs, as well as their future use in addressing open questions in the field of Rab biology.
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8
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Jayashankar V, Selwan E, Hancock SE, Verlande A, Goodson MO, Eckenstein KH, Milinkeviciute G, Hoover BM, Chen B, Fleischman AG, Cramer KS, Hanessian S, Masri S, Turner N, Edinger AL. Drug-like sphingolipid SH-BC-893 opposes ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission and corrects diet-induced obesity. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13086. [PMID: 34231322 PMCID: PMC8350895 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission drives high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. However, molecules targeting mitochondrial dynamics have shown limited benefits in murine obesity models. Here, we reveal that these compounds are either unable to block ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission or require extended incubation periods to be effective. In contrast, targeting endolysosomal trafficking events important for mitochondrial fission rapidly and robustly prevented ceramide-induced disruptions in mitochondrial form and function. By simultaneously inhibiting ARF6- and PIKfyve-dependent trafficking events, the synthetic sphingolipid SH-BC-893 blocked palmitate- and ceramide-induced mitochondrial fission, preserved mitochondrial function, and prevented ER stress in vitro. Similar benefits were observed in the tissues of HFD-fed mice. Within 4 h of oral administration, SH-BC-893 normalized mitochondrial morphology in the livers and brains of HFD-fed mice, improved mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue, and corrected aberrant plasma leptin and adiponectin levels. As an interventional agent, SH-BC-893 restored normal body weight, glucose disposal, and hepatic lipid levels in mice consuming a HFD. In sum, the sphingolipid analog SH-BC-893 robustly and acutely blocks ceramide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, correcting diet-induced obesity and its metabolic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Jayashankar
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Elizabeth Selwan
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Sarah E Hancock
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Maggie O Goodson
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Kazumi H Eckenstein
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | | | - Brianna M Hoover
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Angela G Fleischman
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Karina S Cramer
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | | | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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9
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Miyawaki-Kuwakado A, Wu Q, Harada A, Tomimatsu K, Fujii T, Maehara K, Ohkawa Y. Transcriptome analysis of gene expression changes upon enzymatic dissociation in skeletal myoblasts. Genes Cells 2021; 26:530-540. [PMID: 33987903 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis is one of the most effective tools for understanding specific cellular states. The use of single cells or pooled cells in RNA-seq analysis requires the isolation of cells from a tissue or culture. Although trypsin or more recently cold-active protease (CAP) has been used for cell dissociation, the extent to which the gene expression changes are suppressed has not been clarified. To this end, we conducted detailed profiling of the enzyme-dependent gene expression changes in mouse skeletal muscle progenitor cells, focusing on the enzyme treatment time, amount and temperature. We found that the genes whose expression was changed by the enzyme treatment could be classified in a time-dependent manner and that there were genes whose expression was changed independently of the enzyme treatment time, amount and temperature. This study will be useful as reference data for genes that should be excluded or considered for RNA-seq analysis using enzyme isolation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyawaki-Kuwakado
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Qianmei Wu
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tomimatsu
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeru Fujii
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Maehara
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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10
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Tábara LC, Morris JL, Prudent J. The Complex Dance of Organelles during Mitochondrial Division. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:241-253. [PMID: 33446409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo cycles of fission and fusion events depending on cellular requirements. During mitochondrial division, the GTPase dynamin-related protein-1 is recruited to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-induced mitochondrial constriction sites where it drives fission. However, the events required to complete scission of mitochondrial membranes are not well understood. Here, we emphasize the recently described roles for Golgi-derived phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)-containing vesicles in the last steps of mitochondrial division. We then propose how trans-Golgi network vesicles at mitochondria-ER contact sites and PI4P generation could mechanistically execute mitochondrial division, by recruiting PI4P effectors and/or the actin nucleation machinery. Finally, we speculate on mechanisms to explain why such a complex dance of different organelles is required to facilitate the remodelling of mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Carlos Tábara
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jordan L Morris
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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11
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Tan J, Chen SX, Lei QY, Yi SQ, Wu N, Wang YL, Xiao ZJ, Wu H. Mitochonic acid 5 regulates mitofusin 2 to protect microglia. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1813-1820. [PMID: 33510088 PMCID: PMC8328753 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial apoptosis is associated with neuroinflammation and no effective strategies are currently available to protect microglia against inflammation-induced apoptosis. Mouse microglial BV-2 cells (5 × 106) were incubated with 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides for 12 hours to mimic an inflammatory environment. Then the cells were co-cultured with mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5) for another 12 hours. MA-5 improved the survival of lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells. MA-5 decreased the activity of caspase-3, which is associated with apoptosis. MA-5 reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells, and increased adenosine triphosphate levels in cells. MA-5 decreased the open state of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduced calcium overload and diffusion of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac). MA-5 decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (mitochondrial Smac, cytoplasmic Smac, pro-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9), and increased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl2 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), mitochondria-related proteins (mitochondrial fusion protein 2, mitochondrial microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B II), and autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, p62 and autophagy related 5). However, MA-5 did not promote mitochondrial homeostasis or decrease microglial apoptosis when Mitofusin 2 expression was silenced. This shows that MA-5 increased Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy, reversed cellular energy production and maintained energy metabolism in BV-2 cells in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. These findings indicate that MA-5 may promote the survival of microglial cells via Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing-Yun Lei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shan-Qing Yi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Jian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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12
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Macías-Calvio V, Fuentealba LM, Marzolo MP. An update on cellular and molecular determinants of Parkinson's disease with emphasis on the role of the retromer complex. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:163-179. [PMID: 32633426 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition. The disease involves the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Among late-onset, familial forms of Parkinson are cases with mutations in the PARK17 locus encoding the vacuolar protein sorting 35 (Vps35), a subunit of the retromer complex. The retromer complex is composed of a heterotrimeric protein core (Vps26-Vps35-Vps29). The best-known role of retromer is the retrieval of cargoes from endosomes to the Golgi complex or the plasma membrane. However, recent literature indicates that retromer performs roles associated with lysosomal and mitochondrial functions and degradative pathways such as autophagy. A common point mutation affecting the retromer subunit Vps35 is D620N, which has been linked to the alterations in the aforementioned cellular processes as well as with neurodegeneration. Here, we review the main aspects of the malfunction of the retromer complex and its implications for PD pathology. Besides, we highlight several controversies still awaiting clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Macías-Calvio
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz-María Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Paz Marzolo
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Yañez MJ, Marín T, Balboa E, Klein AD, Alvarez AR, Zanlungo S. Finding pathogenic commonalities between Niemann-Pick type C and other lysosomal storage disorders: Opportunities for shared therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165875. [PMID: 32522631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are diseases characterized by the accumulation of macromolecules in the late endocytic system and are caused by inherited defects in genes that encode mainly lysosomal enzymes or transmembrane lysosomal proteins. Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD), a LSD characterized by liver damage and progressive neurodegeneration that leads to early death, is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. Both proteins are involved in the transport of cholesterol from the late endosomal compartment to the rest of the cell. Loss of function of these proteins causes primary cholesterol accumulation, and secondary accumulation of other lipids, such as sphingolipids, in lysosomes. Despite years of studying the genetic and molecular bases of NPCD and related-lysosomal disorders, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these diseases are not fully understood. In this review we will summarize the pathogenic mechanisms described for NPCD and we will discuss their relevance for other LSDs with neurological components such as Niemann- Pick type A and Gaucher diseases. We will particularly focus on the activation of signaling pathways that may be common to these three pathologies with emphasis on how the intra-lysosomal accumulation of lipids leads to pathology, specifically to neurological impairments. We will show that although the primary lipid storage defect is different in these three LSDs, there is a similar secondary accumulation of metabolites and activation of signaling pathways that can lead to common pathogenic mechanisms. This analysis might help to delineate common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yañez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Marín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Balboa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - A R Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; CARE UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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DNA and RNA sequencing identified a novel oncogene VPS35 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:3229-3244. [PMID: 32071398 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although cancer driver genes identified so far have been considered to be saturated or nearly saturated, challenges remain in discovering novel genes underlying carcinogenesis due to significant tumor heterogeneity. Here, in a small cohort of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated LIHC, we investigated the transcriptional patterns of tumor-mutated alleles using both whole-exome and RNA sequencing data. A graph clustering of the transcribed tumor-mutated alleles characterized overlapped functional clusters, and thus prioritized potentially novel oncogenes. We validated the function of the potentially novel oncogenes in vitro and in vivo. We showed that a component of the retromer complex-the vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35)-promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In VPS35-knockout hepatoma cells, a significantly reduced distribution of membrane fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) demonstrated the effects of VPS35 on sorting and trafficking of transmembrane receptor. This study provides insight into the roles of the retromer complex on carcinogenesis and has important implications for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for LIHC.
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15
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Deus CM, Yambire KF, Oliveira PJ, Raimundo N. Mitochondria-Lysosome Crosstalk: From Physiology to Neurodegeneration. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:71-88. [PMID: 31791731 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular function requires coordination between different organelles and metabolic cues. Mitochondria and lysosomes are essential for cellular metabolism as major contributors of chemical energy and building blocks. It is therefore pivotal for cellular function to coordinate the metabolic roles of mitochondria and lysosomes. However, these organelles do more than metabolism, given their function as fundamental signaling platforms in the cell that regulate many key processes such as autophagy, proliferation, and cell death. Mechanisms of crosstalk between mitochondria and lysosomes are discussed, both under physiological conditions and in diseases that affect these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - King Faisal Yambire
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany.
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16
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Mitochondrial interaction with the endosomal compartment in endocytosis and mitochondrial transfer. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:284-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Ren KD, Liu WN, Tian J, Zhang YY, Peng JJ, Zhang D, Li NS, Yang J, Peng J, Luo XJ. Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 promotes brain injury by disturbing mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Smith GA, Lin TH, Sheehan AE, Van der Goes van Naters W, Neukomm LJ, Graves HK, Bis-Brewer DM, Züchner S, Freeman MR. Glutathione S-Transferase Regulates Mitochondrial Populations in Axons through Increased Glutathione Oxidation. Neuron 2019; 103:52-65.e6. [PMID: 31101394 PMCID: PMC6616599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential in long axons to provide metabolic support and sustain neuron integrity. A healthy mitochondrial pool is maintained by biogenesis, transport, mitophagy, fission, and fusion, but how these events are regulated in axons is not well defined. Here, we show that the Drosophila glutathione S-transferase (GST) Gfzf prevents mitochondrial hyperfusion in axons. Gfzf loss altered redox balance between glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and initiated mitochondrial fusion through the coordinated action of Mfn and Opa1. Gfzf functioned epistatically with the thioredoxin peroxidase Jafrac1 and the thioredoxin reductase 1 TrxR-1 to regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Altering GSH:GSSG ratios in mouse primary neurons in vitro also induced hyperfusion. Mitochondrial changes caused deficits in trafficking, the metabolome, and neuronal physiology. Changes in GSH and oxidative state are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Our demonstration that GSTs are key in vivo regulators of axonal mitochondrial length and number provides a potential mechanistic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor A Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Tzu-Huai Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy E Sheehan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - Lukas J Neukomm
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne VD, Switzerland
| | - Hillary K Graves
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dana M Bis-Brewer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephan Züchner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marc R Freeman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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19
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Chen K, Healy MD, Collins BM. Towards a molecular understanding of endosomal trafficking by Retromer and Retriever. Traffic 2019; 20:465-478. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐En Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Michael D. Healy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
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20
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Kitamata M, Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Maruyama K, Suetsugu S. Membrane-Deformation Ability of ANKHD1 Is Involved in the Early Endosome Enlargement. iScience 2019; 17:101-118. [PMID: 31255983 PMCID: PMC6606961 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin-repeat domains (ARDs) are conserved in large numbers of proteins. ARDs are composed of various numbers of ankyrin repeats (ANKs). ARDs often adopt curved structures reminiscent of the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain, which is the dimeric scaffold for membrane tubulation. BAR domains sometimes have amphipathic helices for membrane tubulation and vesiculation. However, it is unclear whether ARD-containing proteins exhibit similar membrane deformation properties. We found that the ARD of ANK and KH domain-containing protein 1 (ANKHD1) dimerize and deform membranes into tubules and vesicles. Among 25 ANKs of ANKHD1, the first 15 ANKs can form a dimer and the latter 10 ANKs enable membrane tubulation and vesiculation through an adjacent amphipathic helix and a predicted curved structure with a positively charged surface, analogous to BAR domains. Knockdown and localization of ANKHD1 suggested its involvement in the negative regulation of early endosome enlargement owing to its membrane vesiculation. ANKHD1 is a large protein of 270 kDa, containing 25 ankyrin repeats ANKHD1 generates membrane tubules and vesicles by its ankyrin-repeat domain (ARD). The ARD has an amphipathic helix and a predicted curved structure, like BAR domains ANKHD1 negatively regulates early endosome enlargement by its vesiculation ability
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kitamata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hanawa-Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kohei Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
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21
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Farmer T, O'Neill KL, Naslavsky N, Luo X, Caplan S. Retromer facilitates the localization of Bcl-xL to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1138-1146. [PMID: 30840537 PMCID: PMC6724524 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl-xL plays a critical role in cell survival by protecting the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The mechanism through which Bcl-xL is recruited to the MOM has not been fully discerned. The retromer is a conserved endosomal scaffold complex involved in membrane trafficking. Here we identify VPS35 and VPS26, two core components of the retromer, as novel regulators of Bcl-xL. We observed interactions and colocalization between Bcl-xL, VPS35, VPS26, and MICAL-L1, a protein involved in recycling endosome biogenesis that also interacts with the retromer. We also found that upon VPS35 depletion, levels of nonmitochondrial Bcl-xL were increased. In addition, retromer-depleted cells displayed more rapid Bax activation and apoptosis. These results suggest that the retromer regulates apoptosis by facilitating Bcl-xL's transport to the MOM. Importantly, our studies suggest a previously uncharacterized relationship between the machineries of cell death/survival and endosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Katelyn L O'Neill
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870
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22
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Li X, Zhang D, Bai Y, Xiao J, Jiao H, He R. Ginaton improves neurological function in ischemic stroke rats via inducing autophagy and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1813-1822. [PMID: 31308674 PMCID: PMC6613354 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s205612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was carried out to confirm the protective effect of extract of Ginkgo biloba (Ginaton) against ischemic neuronal damage post-treatment at 24 h after reperfusion in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and further reveal its possible mechanisms. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were modeled by MCAO for 2 h. The rats were divided into three groups: sham, model, and Ginaton (50 mg/kg). All animals received treatment once a day for 14 days from 24 h after reperfusion. Modified neurological severity score test was performed in 1, 7 and 14 days after MCAO, and beam walking test was performed only 14 days after MCAO. Hematoxylin-eosin straining was implemented to measure infarct volume and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to calculate the number of neurons in ischemic cortex penumbra. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of autophagy (Beclin1, LC3, AMPK, mTOR, ULK), mitochondrial dynamic protein (Parkin, DRP1, OPA1) and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax). RESULTS Post-treatment with Ginaton for 14 days decreased neurological deficit score, promoted the recovery of motor function, and noticeably reduced infarct size. Besides, Ginaton also alleviated the loss of NeuN-positive cells in ischemic cortex penumbra. In ischemic cortex, Ginaton increased the expression of Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ, elevated the AMPK, mTOR and ULK1, and induced autophagy. Moreover, Ginaton treatment upregulated Parkin, DRP1, and OPA1, and elevated the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in 14 days after MCAO reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION Ginaton exhibited obvious neuroprotective effects in MCAO rats with initial administered 24 h after MCAO. The mechanism of Ginaton included induction of autophagy via activation of the AMPK pathway, maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinliang Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxia He
- Department of Gynecology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China
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23
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Miller DR, Tzeng CC, Farmer T, Keller ET, Caplan S, Chen YS, Chen YL, Lin MF. Novel CIL-102 derivatives as potential therapeutic agents for docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:96-108. [PMID: 30077739 PMCID: PMC6278836 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The standard-of-care treatment for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Nevertheless, most tumors eventually relapse and develop into lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Docetaxel is a FDA-approved agent for the treatment of CRPC; however, the tumor often quickly develops resistance to this drug. Thus, there is an immediate need for novel therapies to treat docetaxel-resistant PCa. In this study, we modified the structure of CIL-102 and investigated the efficacy of the derivatives against CRPC and docetaxel-resistant PCa. These novel CIL-102 derivatives inhibit CRPC tumorigenicity, including proliferation, migration and colony formation, and importantly, selectively inhibit CRPC cell proliferation over non-cancerous prostate epithelia. Computational modeling indicated the derivatives bind to β-tubulin and immunocytochemistry revealed the depolymerization of microtubules upon treatment. Western blot analyses reveal that pro-apoptotic and anti-oxidant pathways are activated, and MitoSOX and DCF-DA analyses confirmed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon treatments. Furthermore, CIL-102 derivatives effectively reduce the proliferation of docetaxel-resistant CR PCa cell lines. Our data indicate the potential of these compounds as promising therapeutic agents for CRPC as well as docetaxel-resistant CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannah R Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cherng-Chyi Tzeng
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Trey Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Shuin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Farmer T, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Tying trafficking to fusion and fission at the mighty mitochondria. Traffic 2018; 19:569-577. [PMID: 29663589 PMCID: PMC6043374 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a unique organelle that serves as the main site of ATP generation needed for energy in the cell. However, mitochondria also play essential roles in cell death through apoptosis and necrosis, as well as a variety of crucial functions related to stress regulation, autophagy, lipid synthesis and calcium storage. There is a growing appreciation that mitochondrial function is regulated by the dynamics of its membrane fusion and fission; longer, fused mitochondria are optimal for ATP generation, whereas fission of mitochondria facilitates mitophagy and cell division. Despite the significance of mitochondrial homeostasis for such crucial cellular events, the intricate regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission is only partially understood. Until very recently, only a single mitochondrial fission protein had been identified. Moreover, only now have researchers turned to address the upstream machinery that regulates mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins. Herein, we review the known GTPases involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission, but also highlight recent studies that address the mechanisms by which these GTPases are regulated. In particular, we draw attention to a substantial new body of literature linking endocytic regulatory proteins, such as the retromer VPS35 cargo selection complex subunit, to mitochondrial homeostasis. These recent studies suggest that relationships and cross-regulation between endocytic and mitochondrial pathways may be more widespread than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Farmer
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steve Caplan
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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25
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Naslavsky N, Caplan S. The enigmatic endosome - sorting the ins and outs of endocytic trafficking. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/13/jcs216499. [PMID: 29980602 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early endosome (EE), also known as the sorting endosome (SE) is a crucial station for the sorting of cargoes, such as receptors and lipids, through the endocytic pathways. The term endosome relates to the receptacle-like nature of this organelle, to which endocytosed cargoes are funneled upon internalization from the plasma membrane. Having been delivered by the fusion of internalized vesicles with the EE or SE, cargo molecules are then sorted to a variety of endocytic pathways, including the endo-lysosomal pathway for degradation, direct or rapid recycling to the plasma membrane, and to a slower recycling pathway that involves a specialized form of endosome known as a recycling endosome (RE), often localized to the perinuclear endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). It is striking that 'the endosome', which plays such essential cellular roles, has managed to avoid a precise description, and its characteristics remain ambiguous and heterogeneous. Moreover, despite the rapid advances in scientific methodologies, including breakthroughs in light microscopy, overall, the endosome remains poorly defined. This Review will attempt to collate key characteristics of the different types of endosomes and provide a platform for discussion of this unique and fascinating collection of organelles. Moreover, under-developed, poorly understood and important open questions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naava Naslavsky
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA .,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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26
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Williams M, Caino MC. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:211. [PMID: 29755415 PMCID: PMC5934432 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that control various aspects of cellular and organism homeostasis. Quality control mechanisms are in place to ensure maximal mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis at the cellular level. Dysregulation of these pathways is a common theme in human disease. In this mini-review, we discuss how alterations of the mitochondrial network influences mitochondrial function, focusing on the molecular regulators of mitochondrial dynamics (organelle's shape and localization). We highlight similarities and critical differences in the mitochondrial network of cancer and type 2 diabetes, which may be relevant for treatment of these diseases.
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Thornton C, Jones A, Nair S, Aabdien A, Mallard C, Hagberg H. Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and biogenesis in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:812-830. [PMID: 29265370 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, resulting from asphyxia during birth, affects 2-3 in every 1000 term infants and depending on severity, brings about life-changing neurological consequences or death. This hypoxic-ischaemia (HI) results in a delayed neural energy failure during which the majority of brain injury occurs. Currently, there are limited treatment options and additional therapies are urgently required. Mitochondrial dysfunction acts as a focal point in injury development in the immature brain. Not only do mitochondria become permeabilised, but recent findings implicate perturbations in mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion), mitophagy and biogenesis. Mitoprotective therapies may therefore offer a new avenue of intervention for babies who suffer lifelong disabilities due to birth asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Thornton
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adam Jones
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Syam Nair
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Afra Aabdien
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Perinatal Center, Department of Clinical Sciences & Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Torres S, Balboa E, Zanlungo S, Enrich C, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa JC. Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Liaisons in Niemann-Pick Disease. Front Physiol 2017; 8:982. [PMID: 29249985 PMCID: PMC5714892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are characterized by the accumulation of diverse lipid species in lysosomes. Niemann-Pick type A/B (NPA/B) and type C diseases Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) are progressive LSD caused by loss of function of distinct lysosomal-residing proteins, acid sphingomyelinase and NPC1, respectively. While the primary cause of these diseases differs, both share common biochemical features, including the accumulation of sphingolipids and cholesterol, predominantly in endolysosomes. Besides these alterations in lysosomal homeostasis and function due to accumulation of specific lipid species, the lysosomal functional defects can have far-reaching consequences, disrupting intracellular trafficking of sterols, lipids and calcium through membrane contact sites (MCS) of apposed compartments. Although MCS between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria have been well studied and characterized in different contexts, emerging evidence indicates that lysosomes also exhibit close proximity with mitochondria, which translates in their mutual functional regulation. Indeed, as best illustrated in NPC disease, alterations in the lysosomal-mitochondrial liaisons underlie the secondary accumulation of specific lipids, such as cholesterol in mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and defective antioxidant defense, which contribute to disease progression. Thus, a better understanding of the lysosomal and mitochondrial interactions and trafficking may identify novel targets for the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Torres
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Intituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit and Hospital Clinc I Provincial, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Balboa
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidad de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica CELLEX, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Intituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit and Hospital Clinc I Provincial, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jose C Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Intituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit and Hospital Clinc I Provincial, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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