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Zheng S, Liu Z, Liu H, Lim JY, Li DWH, Zhang S, Luo F, Wang X, Sun C, Tang R, Zheng W, Xie Q. Research development on gut microbiota and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25186. [PMID: 38384514 PMCID: PMC10878880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been proven. In this review, we aim to conclude the potential mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites on inducing the formation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, and to discuss the effect of intestinal metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on plaque stability. Finally, we include the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on plaque stability, to propose a new therapeutic direction for coronary heart disease. Gut microbiota regulation intervenes the progress of arteriosclerosis, especially on coronary atherosclerosis, by avoiding or reducing the formation of vulnerable plaque, to lower the morbidity rate of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiao Zheng
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiyue Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic Testing, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Ying Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dolly Wong Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiujing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wuyang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Matin S, Dadkhah M. BDNF/CREB signaling pathway contribution in depression pathogenesis: A survey on the non-pharmacological therapeutic opportunities for gut microbiota dysbiosis. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110882. [PMID: 38244808 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the gut microbiota and the brain communication in general health. This axis may affect behavior through modulating neurotransmission, and thereby involve in the pathogenesis and/or progression of different neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP response element-binding protein known as CREB/BDNF pathway plays have critical functions in the pathogenesis of depression as the same of mechanisms related to antidepressants. However, the putative causal significance of the CREB/BDNF signaling cascade in the gut-brain axis in depression remains unknown. Also interventions such as probiotics supplementation and exercise can influence microbiome also improve bidirectional communication of gut and brain. In this review we aim to explain the BDNF/CREB signaling pathway and gut microbiota dysfunction and then evaluate the potential role of probiotics, prebiotics, and exercise as a therapeutic target in the gut microbiota dysfunction induced depression. The current narrative review will specifically focus on the impact of exercise and diet on the intestinal microbiota component, as well as the effect that these therapies may have on the microbiota to alleviate depressive symptoms. Finally, we look at how BDNF/CREB signaling pathway may exert distinct effects on depression and gut microbiota dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Matin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Leduc L, Costa M, Leclère M. The Microbiota and Equine Asthma: An Integrative View of the Gut-Lung Axis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:253. [PMID: 38254421 PMCID: PMC10812655 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Both microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions can have effects beyond the local environment and influence immunological responses in remote organs such as the lungs. The crosstalk between the gut and the lungs, which is supported by complex connections and intricate pathways, is defined as the gut-lung axis. This review aimed to report on the potential role of the gut-lung gut-lung axis in the development and persistence of equine asthma. We summarized significant determinants in the development of asthma in horses and humans. The article discusses the gut-lung axis and proposes an integrative view of the relationship between gut microbiota and asthma. It also explores therapies for modulating the gut microbiota in horses with asthma. Improving our understanding of the horse gut-lung axis could lead to the development of techniques such as fecal microbiota transplants, probiotics, or prebiotics to manipulate the gut microbiota specifically for improving the management of asthma in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Leduc
- Clinical Sciences Department, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Marcio Costa
- Veterinary Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Mathilde Leclère
- Clinical Sciences Department, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
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Wang Y, Li Y, Bo L, Zhou E, Chen Y, Naranmandakh S, Xie W, Ru Q, Chen L, Zhu Z, Ding C, Wu Y. Progress of linking gut microbiota and musculoskeletal health: casualty, mechanisms, and translational values. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263207. [PMID: 37800576 PMCID: PMC10561578 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is important for balancing metabolic activity and maintaining health. Recent studies have shown that distortions in homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota are correlated with or may even contribute to abnormalities in musculoskeletal system function. Research has also shown that the intestinal flora and its secondary metabolites can impact the musculoskeletal system by regulating various phenomena, such as inflammation and immune and metabolic activities. Most of the existing literature supports that reasonable nutritional intervention helps to improve and maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, and may have a positive impact on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of organizing, summarizing and discussing the existing literature is to explore whether the intervention methods, including nutritional supplement and moderate exercise, can affect the muscle and bone health by regulating the microecology of the intestinal flora. More in-depth efficacy verification experiments will be helpful for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Bo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enyuan Zhou
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhu
- Clinical Research Centre, Orthopedic Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Orthopedic Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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Aliabadi M, Saghebjoo M, Yakhchali B, Shariati V. Interaction between high-intensity interval training and high-protein diet on gut microbiota composition and body weight in obese male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:808-828. [PMID: 37642210 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Diet and exercise are two critical factors that regulate gut microbiota, affecting weight management. The present study investigated the effect of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a high-protein diet (HPD) on gut microbiota composition and body weight changes in obese male Wistar rats. Forty obese rats were randomly divided into five groups, including HPD, HIIT + HPD, HIIT + high-fat diet (HFD) (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 1 (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 2 (cutting off HFD at the beginning of the intervention and continuing standard diet), and eight non-obese Wistar rats as a non-obese control (NOC) group (standard diet). Microbial community composition and diversity analysis by sequencing 16S rRNA genes derived from the fecal samples, body weight, and Lee index were assessed. The body weight and Lee index in the NOC, HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD groups were significantly lower than that in the OC1 and OC2 groups along with the lower body weight and Lee index in the HPD and HIIT + HPD groups compared with the HIIT + HFD group. Also, HFD consumption and switching from HFD to a standard diet or HPD increased gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, HIIT along with HFD increased the adverse effects of HFD on gut microbiota, while the HIIT + HPD increased microbial richness, improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, and changed rats' phenotype to lean. It appears that HFD discontinuation without doing HIIT does not improve gut microbiota dysbiosis. Also, the HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD slow down HFD-induced weight gain, but HIIT + HPD is a more reliable strategy for weight management due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aliabadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Shariati
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Lin Z, Zhang X, Wu M, Ming Y, Wang X, Li H, Huang F, Gao F, Zhu Y. High-fiber diet and rope-skipping benefit cardiometabolic health and modulate gut microbiota in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113421. [PMID: 37803759 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high intake of dietary fiber (DF) and efficient levels of physical activity are beneficial for cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and elderly populations with cardiometabolic disease. However, evidence from young adults with low cardiometabolic risk is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various interventions including a high-fiber (HF) diet and the rope-skipping (RS) exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) and the composition of the gut microbiota in young adults. A 12-week parallel-designed randomized controlled trial was conducted in undergraduates (n = 96), who were randomly assigned to the HF group (≥20 g/d DF), the RS group (2000 jumps/week), and the control (CON) group. Among the 84 people who completed the trial, measurements of anthropometric characteristics, biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota were taken at the beginning and end of the intervention. After the intervention, the RS exercise led to a significant decrease in the heart rate and triglyceride levels compared to the CON group (all P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in CRFs between the HF and CON groups. When compared to baseline, the 12-week HF diet intervention resulted in an increase in fat-free mass, and a decrease in the percentage of body fat and waist circumference (all P < 0.05). With regard to gut microbiota alterations after intervention, we found that compared with the CON group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased significantly in both the HF group and the RS group, Muribaculaceae decreased in the RS group, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group decreased in the HF group (all P < 0.05). Finally, shifts in 7 metabolic pathways were detected in the RS group using predictive functional profiling, while only one pathway was altered in the HF group (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the RS exercise improved body composition compared to the CON group in young adults, while the HF diet just enhanced CRFs in contrast to baseline. Furthermore, both RS and HF interventions altered Lactobacillus and various other gut microbiota. The results indicated that the HF diet and RS exercise could partly benefit cardiometabolic health and modulate gut microbiota in young adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04834687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yingan Ming
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fenglian Huang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Kononova S, Kashparov M, Xue W, Bobkova N, Leonov S, Zagorodny N. Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis as a Potential Risk Factor for Idiopathic Toe-Walking in Children: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13204. [PMID: 37686011 PMCID: PMC10488280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) occurs in about 5% of children. Orthopedic treatment of ITW is complicated by the lack of a known etiology. Only half of the conservative and surgical methods of treatment give a stable positive result of normalizing gait. Available data indicate that the disease is heterogeneous and multifactorial. Recently, some children with ITW have been found to have genetic variants of mutations that can lead to the development of toe walking. At the same time, some children show sensorimotor impairment, but these studies are very limited. Sensorimotor dysfunction could potentially arise from an imbalanced production of neurotransmitters that play a crucial role in motor control. Using the data obtained in the studies of several pathologies manifested by the association of sensory-motor dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis, we attempt to substantiate the notion that malfunction of neurotransmitter production is caused by the imbalance of gut microbiota metabolites as a result of dysbiosis. This review delves into the exciting possibility of a connection between variations in the microbiome and ITW. The purpose of this review is to establish a strong theoretical foundation and highlight the benefits of further exploring the possible connection between alterations in the microbiome and TW for further studies of ITW etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kononova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kashparov
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (N.Z.)
- Scientific and Practical Center for Child Psychoneurology, 119602 Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenyu Xue
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (W.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Natalia Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (W.X.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Nikolaj Zagorodny
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (N.Z.)
- N.N. Priorov Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 127299 Moscow, Russia
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Aoi W, Inoue R, Mizushima K, Honda A, Björnholm M, Takagi T, Naito Y. Exercise-acclimated microbiota improves skeletal muscle metabolism via circulating bile acid deconjugation. iScience 2023; 26:106251. [PMID: 36915683 PMCID: PMC10005909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitual exercise alters the intestinal microbiota composition, which may mediate its systemic benefits. We examined whether transplanting fecal microbiota from trained mice improved skeletal muscle metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Fecal samples from sedentary and exercise-trained mice were gavage-fed to germ-free mice. After receiving fecal samples from trained donor mice for 1 week, recipient mice had elevated levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin growth factor-1 in skeletal muscle. In plasma, bile acid (BA) deconjugation was found to be promoted in recipients transplanted with feces from trained donor mice; free-form BAs also induced more AMPK signaling and glucose uptake than tauro-conjugated BAs. The transplantation of exercise-acclimated fecal microbiota improved glucose tolerance after 8 weeks of HFD administration. Intestinal microbiota may mediate exercise-induced metabolic improvements in mice by modifying circulating BAs. Our findings provide insights into the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka 5730101, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki 3000395, Japan
| | - Marie Björnholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.,Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
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Therapeutic or lifelong training effects on pancreatic morphological and functional parameters in an animal model of aging and obesity. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112144. [PMID: 36907475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity, aging, and physical training are factors influencing pancreatic functional and morphological parameters. Aiming to clarify the impact of the interaction of these factors, we analyzed the effect of therapeutic or lifelong physical training on body adiposity and pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese rats. METHODS 24 male Wistar rats were (initial age = 4 months and final age = 14 months) randomly divided into three aged and obese experimental groups (n = 8/group): untrained, therapeutic trained, and lifelong trained. Body adiposity, plasmatic concentration and pancreatic immunostaining of insulin, markers of tissue inflammation, lipid peroxidation, activity and immunostaining of antioxidant enzymes, and parameters of pancreatic morphology were evaluated. RESULTS Lifelong physical training improved the body adiposity, plasmatic insulin concentration, and macrophage immunostaining in the pancreas. The animals submitted to therapeutic and lifelong training showed an increase in the density of the pancreatic islets; lower insulin, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) immunostaining in the pancreatic parenchyma, as well as lower pancreatic tissue lipid peroxidation, lower fibrosis area, increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunostaining, with the greatest effect in the lifelong training group. CONCLUSION Lifelong training promoted greater beneficial effects on the pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese animals compared to therapeutic exercise.
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Shon WJ, Jung MH, Kim Y, Kang GH, Choi EY, Shin DM. Sugar-sweetened beverages exacerbate high-fat diet-induced inflammatory bowel disease by altering the gut microbiome. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109254. [PMID: 36572070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) and frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are potential contributors to increasing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidences. While HFDs have been implicated in mild intestinal inflammation, the role of sucrose in SSBs remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the role of SSBs in IBD pathogenesis in a mouse model and humans. C57BL6/J mice were given ad libitum access to a sucrose solution or plain water for 10 weeks, with or without an HFD. Interestingly, sucrose solution consumption alone did not induce gut inflammation in mice; however, when combined with an HFD, it dramatically increased the inflammation score, submucosal edema, and CD45+ cell infiltration. 16S ribosomal RNA gene-sequencing revealed that sucrose solution and HFD co-consumption significantly increased the relative abundance of IBD-related pathogenic bacteria when compared with HFD consumption. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry showed that co-consumption promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine synthesis, dendritic-cell expansion, and IFN-γ+TNF-α+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation. Fecal microbiota transplantation from HFD- and sucrose water-fed mice into gut-sterilized mice increased the susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in the recipient mice. Consistent herewith, high consumption of SSBs and animal fat-rich diets markedly increased systemic inflammation-associated IBD marker expression in humans. In conclusion, SSBs exacerbate HFD-induced colitis by triggering a shift of the gut microbiome into a pathobiome. Our findings provide new insights for the development of strategies aimed at preventing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jeong Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environment and Human Interface, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kirwan JP, Heintz EC, Rebello CJ, Axelrod CL. Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4559-4585. [PMID: 36815623 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:1-27, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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12
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Bonnechère B. Integrating Rehabilomics into the Multi-Omics Approach in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis: The Way for Precision Medicine? Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:63. [PMID: 36672802 PMCID: PMC9858788 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, significant improvements have been made in the understanding of (epi)genetics and neuropathophysiological mechanisms driving the different forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). For example, the role and importance of the bidirectional communications between the brain and the gut-also referred to as the gut-brain axis-in the pathogenesis of MS is receiving increasing interest in recent years and is probably one of the most promising areas of research for the management of people with MS. However, despite these important advances, it must be noted that these data are not-yet-used in rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation is a cornerstone of MS patient management, and there are many techniques available to clinicians and patients, including technology-supported rehabilitation. In this paper, we will discuss how new findings on the gut microbiome could help us to better understand how rehabilitation can improve motor and cognitive functions. We will also see how the data gathered during the rehabilitation can help to get a better diagnosis of the patients. Finally, we will discuss how these new techniques can better guide rehabilitation to lead to precision rehabilitation and ultimately increase the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- Technology-Supported and Data-Driven Rehabilitation, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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13
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Galley JC, Singh S, Awata WMC, Alves JV, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adipokines: Deciphering the cardiovascular signature of adipose tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115324. [PMID: 36309078 PMCID: PMC10509780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are intimately linked due to the various ways that the important cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), endothelial cells (EC), immune cells, and adipocytes, communicate with one another to contribute to these two pathologies. Adipose tissue is a very dynamic organ comprised primarily of adipocytes, which are well known for their role in energy storage. More recently adipose tissue has been recognized as the largest endocrine organ because of its ability to produce a vast number of signaling molecules called adipokines. These signaling molecules stimulate specific types of cells or tissues with many adipokines acting as indicators of adipocyte healthy function, such as adiponectin, omentin, and FGF21, which show anti-inflammatory or cardioprotective effects, acting as regulators of healthy physiological function. Others, like visfatin, chemerin, resistin, and leptin are often altered during pathophysiological circumstances like obesity and lipodystrophy, demonstrating negative cardiovascular outcomes when produced in excess. This review aims to explore the role of adipocytes and their derived products as well as the impacts of these adipokines on blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Galley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanessa M. C. Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliano V. Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Menendez A, Wanczyk H, Walker J, Zhou B, Santos M, Finck C. Obesity and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: From Pediatrics to Adults. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101866. [PMID: 36292751 PMCID: PMC9601855 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem that affects both children and adults. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is associated with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome due to chronic low-grade inflammation present at early stages of the disease. In pediatric patients suffering from obesity, the role of epigenetics, the gut microbiome and intrauterine environment have emerged as causative factors Interestingly, pediatric obesity is strongly associated with low birth weight. Accelerated weight gain oftentimes occurs in these individuals during the post-natal period, which can lead to increased risk of adiposity and metabolic disease. The pathophysiology of obesity is complex and involves biological and physiological factors compounded by societal factors such as family and community. On a cellular level, adipocytes contained within adipose tissue become dysregulated and further contribute to development of comorbidities similar to those present in adults with obesity. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of adipose tissue immune, inflammatory and metabolic adaptation of the adipose tissue in obesity. Early cellular changes as well as the role of immune cells and inflammation on the progression of disease in pivotal pediatric clinical trials, adult studies and mouse models are emphasized. Understanding the initial molecular and cellular changes that occur during obesity can facilitate new and improved treatments aimed at early intervention and subsequent prevention of adulthood comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Menendez
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Heather Wanczyk
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Joanne Walker
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Immunology, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Melissa Santos
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Psychology and Director of the Obesity Center, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Christine Finck
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Pediatric Bariatric Surgery, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +860-545-9520
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15
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Dai W, Liu X, Su H, Li X, Xu Y, Yu Y. Influence of adipose tissue immune dysfunction on childhood obesity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:27-38. [PMID: 35595599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a dramatic rise has been observed in the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence, along with an increase in fetal microsomia rates. The increased risk of obesity during this key period in development negatively affects the health of the individual later in life. Immune cells residing and recruited to white adipose tissue have been highlighted as important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Immune dysfunction in the context of obesity begins early in childhood, which is different from the pathological characteristics and influencing factors of adipose immunity in adults. Here, we explore the current understanding of the roles of childhood and early life events that result in high risks for obesity by influencing adipose tissue immune dysfunction under the pathological condition of obesity. Such knowledge will help in determining the mechanisms of childhood and early life obesity in efforts to ameliorate chronic inflammation-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Dai
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Zheng C, Chen XK, Tian XY, Ma ACH, Wong SHS. Does the gut microbiota contribute to the antiobesity effect of exercise? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:407-423. [PMID: 35088557 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess gut microbiota modifications after exercise in humans and animal models with obesity or type 2 diabetes and their role in exercise-induced weight loss. METHODS A systematic search of six databases was conducted on July 31, 2021. The extracted data on body fat or body weight from human and animal studies were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included, with all studies reporting exercise-induced gut microbiota modifications; however, the modified taxa varied among studies. Proteobacteria was the only taxa reported to be altered by exercise in more than one human and one animal study. Taxa belonging to Firmicutes were the most responsive to exercise in humans and mice, whereas Proteobacteria taxa were the most responsive to exercise in rats. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the weight-lowering effect of exercise based on data subgrouped by altered or unaltered α-diversity or β-diversity. The association between the weight-lowering effect of exercise and altered β-diversity was observed in humans with obesity but not in animals. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that gut microbiota modifications contribute to exercise-induced weight loss in obesity; however, their precise contributions, especially those of taxon-level variations, remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Chun-Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Abstract
Identifying ways to deal with the challenges presented by aging is an urgent task, as we are facing an aging society. External factors such as diet, exercise and drug therapy have proven to be major elements in controlling healthy aging and prolonging life expectancy. More recently, the intestinal microbiota has also become a key factor in the anti-aging process. As the intestinal microbiota changes with aging, an imbalance in intestinal microorganisms can lead to many age-related degenerative diseases and unhealthy aging. This paper reviews recent research progress on the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and anti-aging effects, focusing on the changes and beneficial effects of intestinal microorganisms under dietary intervention, exercise and drug intervention. In addition, bacteriotherapy has been used to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging. Most of these anti-aging approaches improve the aging process and age-related diseases by regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora and promoting a healthy intestinal environment. Intervention practices based on intestinal microorganisms show great potential in the field of anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Du
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Deying Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,CONTACT Mingyao Yang Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan611130, P. R. China
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18
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Exercise. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010056. [PMID: 35053205 PMCID: PMC8774162 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD begins as a relatively benign hepatic steatosis which can evolve to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases when fibrosis is present. NAFLD represents a complex process implicating numerous factors—genetic, metabolic, and dietary—intertwined in a multi-hit etiopathogenetic model. Recent data have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis, which may render the bowel more permeable, leading to increased free fatty acid absorption, bacterial migration, and a parallel release of toxic bacterial products, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proinflammatory cytokines that initiate and sustain inflammation. Although gut dysbiosis is present in each disease stage, there is currently no single microbial signature to distinguish or predict which patients will evolve from NAFLD to NASH and HCC. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the majority of patients with NAFLD/NASH exhibit increased numbers of Bacteroidetes and differences in the presence of Firmicutes, resulting in a decreased F/B ratio in most studies. They also present an increased proportion of species belonging to Clostridium, Anaerobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Lactobacillus, whereas Oscillibacter, Flavonifaractor, Odoribacter, and Alistipes spp. are less prominent. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with NASH show a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia spp., while Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila are diminished. Children with NAFLD/NASH have a decreased proportion of Oscillospira spp. accompanied by an elevated proportion of Dorea, Blautia, Prevotella copri, and Ruminococcus spp. Gut microbiota composition may vary between population groups and different stages of NAFLD, making any conclusive or causative claims about gut microbiota profiles in NAFLD patients challenging. Moreover, various metabolites may be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, bile acids, choline and trimethylamine-N-oxide, and ammonia. In this review, we summarize the role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis, and we discuss potential preventive and therapeutic interventions related to the gut microbiome, such as the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and bacteriophages, as well as the contribution of bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation in the therapeutic armamentarium against NAFLD. Larger and longer-term prospective studies, including well-defined cohorts as well as a multi-omics approach, are required to better identify the associations between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and NAFLD occurrence and progression.
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20
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Takaishi K, Oshima T, Eto H, Nishihira M, Nguyen ST, Ochi R, Fujita N, Urakawa S. Impact of Exercise and Detraining during Childhood on Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening in Obesity. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100677. [PMID: 34677392 PMCID: PMC8540482 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of childhood exercise and detraining on brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening in obesity. Four-week-old male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (n = 9) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 24) were used as non-obese and obese animals, respectively. OLETF rats were divided into non-exercise sedentary (n = 9) and exercise groups. OLETF rats in the exercise group were further divided into subgroups according to the exercise period—exercise from 10- to 12-weeks-old (n = 6); and exercise from 4- to 6-weeks-old, and detraining from 6- to 12-weeks-old (n = 9). At 12-weeks-old, immediately after exercise period, BAT whitening in OLETF rats was inhibited by exercise despite the fact that hypertrophy was not caused in the plantaris muscle. However, the effectiveness was attenuated during the detraining period. Histological BAT whitening and downregulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) were found in non-exercise sedentary OLETF rats at 12-weeks-old. The downregulation was not inhibited, even though exercise histologically inhibited BAT whitening in OLETF rats. Childhood exercise decreased BAT whitening in obesity. Detraining attenuated the inhibition of BAT whitening. These results suggest that regular exercise is needed to improve BAT whitening and downregulation of UCP-1 in obesity.
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21
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Kent JA, Hayes KL. Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural Sciences. KINESIOLOGY REVIEW (CHAMPAIGN, ILL.) 2021; 10:238-247. [PMID: 35464337 PMCID: PMC9022627 DOI: 10.1123/kr.2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in exercise physiology over the last four decades. Key among these is the adoption of advanced technologies by exercise physiologists to address fundamental research questions, and the expansion of research topics to range from molecular to organismal, and population scales in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and impact of physiological responses to exercise in health and disease. Collectively, these advances have ensured the position of the field as a partner in generating new knowledge across many scientific and health disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kate L Hayes
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Mokhtarzade M, Molanouri Shamsi M, Abolhasani M, Bakhshi B, Sahraian MA, Quinn LS, Negaresh R. Home-based exercise training influences gut bacterial levels in multiple sclerosis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 45:101463. [PMID: 34348201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is associated with gut microbiome alterations. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of home-based exercise on gut bacteria in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). We also examined the association of exercise-induced gut bacterial modulation with circulating levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two people with MS (female/male: 31/11, expanded disability scale status <5) participated in this study and were divided into two groups: 6 months of home-based exercise (5 sessions per week) and controls. Before and after the intervention, the following parameters were assessed: gut microbiota, including faecalibacterium prausnitzii, akkermansia muciniphila, prevotella and bacteroides counts; cytokine levels including interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); and psychosocial factors including anxiety, depression, and fatigue. RESULTS Home-based exercise significantly increased prevotella counts, and decreased akkermansia muciniphila counts (p < 0.05); however, there were no significant effects on faecalibacterium prausnitzii and bacteroides counts (p > 0.05). There were no significant effects of home-based exercise on circulating cytokine levels (p > 0.05). Moreover, home-based exercise was associated with significant improvements in anxiety and depression (p < 0.05); however, fatigue revealed no significant change (p > 0.05). Akkermansia muciniphila, prevotella and bacteroides count changes in response to the intervention were correlated with changes in IL-10 (r = -0.052, r = 0.67, and r = -0.55, respectively). CONCLUSION In general, our data revealed the effect of exercise on gut bacteria, especially prevotella, and akkermansia muciniphila counts, which can probably have a beneficial effect on MS disease pathology and course; however, the lack of changes in cytokines following exercise suggests the possible role of mechanisms other than modulation of circulating IL-10 and TNF- α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahare Mokhtarzade
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - LeBris S Quinn
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Raoof Negaresh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Smith KA, Pugh JN, Duca FA, Close GL, Ormsbee MJ. Gastrointestinal pathophysiology during endurance exercise: endocrine, microbiome, and nutritional influences. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2657-2674. [PMID: 34131799 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are abundant among athletes engaging in endurance exercise, particularly when exercising in increased environmental temperatures, at higher intensities, or over extremely long distances. It is currently thought that prolonged ischemia, mechanical damage to the epithelial lining, and loss of epithelial barrier integrity are likely contributors of gastrointestinal (GI) distress during bouts of endurance exercise, but due to the many potential causes and sporadic nature of symptoms this phenomenon has proven difficult to study. In this review, we cover known factors that contribute to GI distress symptoms in athletes during exercise, while further attempting to identify novel avenues of future research to help elucidate mechanisms leading to symptomology. We explore the link between the intestinal microbiome, the integrity of the gut epithelia, and add detail on gut hormone and peptide secretion that could potentially contribute to GI distress symptoms in athletes. The influence of nutrition and dietary supplementation strategies are also detailed, where much research has opened up new ideas and potential mechanisms for understanding gut pathophysiology during exercise. The etiology of gastrointestinal symptoms during endurance exercise is multi-factorial with neuroendocrine, microbial, and nutritional factors likely contributing to specific, individualized symptoms. Recent work in previously unexplored areas of both microbiome and gut peptide secretion are pertinent areas for future work, and the numerous supplementation strategies explored to date have provided insight into physiological mechanisms that may be targetable to reduce the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jamie N Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5UA, UK
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5UA, UK
| | - Michael J Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, 1104 Spirit Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA. .,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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24
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Kuder MM, Nyenhuis SM. Optimizing lifestyle interventions in adult patients with comorbid asthma and obesity. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 14:1753466620906323. [PMID: 32103702 PMCID: PMC7047422 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620906323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and asthma are both increasing at alarming rates. The link between obesity and asthma suggests that obesity contributes to both risk of new onset asthma and increased asthma severity. The emerging evidence demonstrating the role of obesity and other lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, on asthma outcomes warrants lifestyle interventions that can address these components of asthma care. This review examines the current literature on the pathophysiology of obesity’s role in asthma, as well as the role of diet and physical activity in weight loss and in asthma outcomes. We discuss recent studies that employ lifestyle interventions to target improved asthma outcomes. Finally, we discuss the future direction of research in this area. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Kuder
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sharmilee M Nyenhuis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Affiliate Faculty, Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St. MC 719, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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25
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Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020145. [PMID: 33546191 PMCID: PMC7913217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).
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Physical activity and cancer risk. Actual knowledge and possible biological mechanisms. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:7-17. [PMID: 33885236 PMCID: PMC7877262 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scientific evidence has shown that an increase in regular physical activity is associated with a decrease in the development of many types of cancer. Potential mechanisms that link physical activity to reduced cancer risk include a decrease in systemic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), sex hormones, pro-inflammatory leptin and other obesity-related cytokines, and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory adiponectin levels. In addition, physical activity improves immune function and the composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Moderate physical activity is important for cancer protection, but the most significant changes in the inflammatory profile are conferred by physical activity performed at higher intensities. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity for the prevention of some types of cancer and the development of effective recommendations. Conclusions There is a strong evidence that physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity protects against colon and breast cancer, and probably against cancer at all other sites.
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Physical Activity Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome and Immunity of Healthy Mice but Has No Protective Effects against Colitis in MUC2 -/- Mice. mSystems 2020; 5:5/5/e00515-20. [PMID: 33024049 PMCID: PMC7542559 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00515-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation in the gut microbial ecosystem has been associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Habitual physical activity, through its ability to modulate the gut microbiome, has recently been shown to prophylactically protect against chemically induced models of murine colitis. Here, we (i) confirm previous reports that physical activity has limited but significant effects on the gut microbiome of mice and (ii) show that such changes are associated with anti-inflammatory states in the gut, such as increased production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids and lower levels of proinflammatory immune markers implicated in human colitis; however, we also show that (iii) these physical activity-derived benefits are completely lost in the absence of a healthy intestinal mucus layer, a hallmark phenotype of human colitis. The interactions among humans, their environment, and the trillions of microbes residing within the human intestinal tract form a tripartite relationship that is fundamental to the overall health of the host. Disruptions in the delicate balance between the intestinal microbiota and host immunity are implicated in various chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is no known cure for IBD; therefore, novel therapeutics targeting prevention and symptom management are of great interest. Recently, physical activity in healthy mice was shown to be protective against chemically induced colitis; however, the benefits of physical activity during or following disease onset are not known. In this study, we examine whether voluntary wheel running is protective against primary disease symptoms in a mucin 2-deficient (Muc2−/−) lifelong model of murine colitis. We show that 6 weeks of wheel running in healthy C57BL/6 mice leads to distinct changes in fecal bacteriome, increased butyrate production, and modulation in colonic gene expression of various cytokines, suggesting an overall primed anti-inflammatory state. However, these physical activity-derived benefits are not present in Muc2−/− mice harboring a dysfunctional mucosal layer from birth, ultimately showing no improvements in clinical signs. We extrapolate from our findings that while physical activity in healthy individuals may be an important preventative measure against IBD, for those with a compromised intestinal mucosa, a commonality in IBD patients, these benefits are lost. IMPORTANCE Perturbation in the gut microbial ecosystem has been associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Habitual physical activity, through its ability to modulate the gut microbiome, has recently been shown to prophylactically protect against chemically induced models of murine colitis. Here, we (i) confirm previous reports that physical activity has limited but significant effects on the gut microbiome of mice and (ii) show that such changes are associated with anti-inflammatory states in the gut, such as increased production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids and lower levels of proinflammatory immune markers implicated in human colitis; however, we also show that (iii) these physical activity-derived benefits are completely lost in the absence of a healthy intestinal mucus layer, a hallmark phenotype of human colitis.
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Leigh SJ, Kaakoush NO, Escorihuela RM, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Treadmill exercise has minimal impact on obesogenic diet-related gut microbiome changes but alters adipose and hypothalamic gene expression in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:71. [PMID: 32831895 PMCID: PMC7437044 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has been extensively utilised as an effective therapy for overweight- and obesity-associated changes that are linked to health complications. Several preclinical rodent studies have shown that treadmill exercise alongside an unhealthy diet improves metabolic health and microbiome composition. Furthermore, chronic exercise has been shown to alter hypothalamic and adipose tissue gene expression in diet-induced obesity. However, limited work has investigated whether treadmill exercise commenced following exposure to an obesogenic diet is sufficient to alter microbiome composition and metabolic health. Methods To address this gap in the literature, we fed rats a high-fat/high-sugar western-style cafeteria diet and assessed the effects of 4 weeks of treadmill exercise on adiposity, diet-induced gut dysbiosis, as well as hypothalamic and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue gene expression. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to either regular chow or cafeteria diet and after 3 weeks half the rats on each diet were exposed to moderate treadmill exercise for 4 weeks while the remainder were exposed to a stationary treadmill. Results Microbial species diversity was uniquely reduced in exercising chow-fed rats, while microbiome composition was only changed by cafeteria diet. Despite limited effects of exercise on overall microbiome composition, exercise increased inferred microbial functions involved in metabolism, reduced fat mass, and altered adipose and hypothalamic gene expression. After controlling for diet and exercise, adipose Il6 expression and liver triglyceride concentrations were significantly associated with global microbiome composition. Conclusions Moderate treadmill exercise induced subtle microbiome composition changes in chow-fed rats but did not overcome the microbiome changes induced by prolonged exposure to cafeteria diet. Predicted metabolic function of the gut microbiome was increased by exercise. The effects of exercise on the microbiome may be modulated by obesity severity. Future work should investigate whether exercise in combination with microbiome-modifying interventions can synergistically reduce diet- and obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Kraeuter AK, Phillips R, Sarnyai Z. The Gut Microbiome in Psychosis From Mice to Men: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:799. [PMID: 32903683 PMCID: PMC7438757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is rapidly becoming the focus of interest as a possible factor involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia emphasizes the role of systemic components, including immune/inflammatory and metabolic processes, which are influenced by and interacting with the gut microbiome. Here we systematically review the current literature on the gut microbiome in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and in their animal models. We found that the gut microbiome is altered in psychosis compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified potential factors related to psychosis, which may contribute to the gut microbiome alterations. However, further research is needed to establish the disease-specificity and potential causal relationships between changes of the microbiome and disease pathophysiology. This can open up the possibility of. manipulating the gut microbiome for improved symptom control and for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Riana Phillips
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Targeting perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue inflammation: therapeutic opportunities for cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:827-851. [PMID: 32271386 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major shifts in human lifestyle and dietary habits toward sedentary behavior and refined food intake triggered steep increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders including obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Patients with metabolic disease are at a high risk of cardiovascular complications ranging from microvascular dysfunction to cardiometabolic syndromes including heart failure. Despite significant advances in the standards of care for obese and diabetic patients, current therapeutic approaches are not always successful in averting the accompanying cardiovascular deterioration. There is a strong relationship between adipose inflammation seen in metabolic disorders and detrimental changes in cardiovascular structure and function. The particular importance of epicardial and perivascular adipose pools emerged as main modulators of the physiology or pathology of heart and blood vessels. Here, we review the peculiarities of these two fat depots in terms of their origin, function, and pathological changes during metabolic deterioration. We highlight the rationale for pharmacological targeting of the perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue or associated signaling pathways as potential disease modifying approaches in cardiometabolic syndromes.
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Guo C, Zhao L, Li Y, Deng X, Yuan G. Relationship between FGF21 and drug or nondrug therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:55-67. [PMID: 32583417 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary and high-calorie diets are associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, while exercise and diet control are also important nondrug treatments for diabetes. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important cytokine, which is mainly expressed in liver, fat and muscle tissue responding to nutrition and exercise, and plays an important role in the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism. Due to the increasing serum FGF21 level in obesity and diabetes, FGF21 can be used as a predictor or biomarker of diabetes. A variety of clinical antidiabetic drugs can reduce the content of FGF21, possibly for the improvement of FGF21 sensitivity. In this paper, we reviewed the interactions between FGF21 and nondrug therapy (diet and exercise) for diabetes and explored the potential value of the combined application of clinical antidiabetic drugs and FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Rettedal EA, Cree JME, Adams SE, MacRae C, Skidmore PML, Cameron-Smith D, Gant N, Blenkiron C, Merry TL. Short-term high-intensity interval training exercise does not affect gut bacterial community diversity or composition of lean and overweight men. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1268-1279. [PMID: 32478429 DOI: 10.1113/ep088744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does short-term high-intensity interval training alter the composition of the microbiome and is this associated with exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity? What is the main finding and its importance? Although high-intensity interval training increased insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular fitness, it did not alter the composition of the microbiome. This suggests that changes in the composition of the microbiome that occur with prolonged exercise training might be in response to changes in metabolic health rather than driving exercise training-induced adaptations. ABSTRACT Regular exercise reduces the risk of metabolic diseases, and the composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with metabolic function. We investigated whether short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) altered the diversity and composition of the bacterial community and whether there were associations with markers of insulin sensitivity or aerobic fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness ( V ̇ O 2 peak ) and body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan) were assessed and faecal and fasted blood samples collected from 14 lean (fat mass 21 ± 2%, aged 29 ± 2 years) and 15 overweight (fat mass 33 ± 2%, aged 31 ± 2 years) men before and after 3 weeks of HIIT training (8-12 × 60 s cycle ergometer bouts at V ̇ O 2 peak power output interspersed by 75 s rest, three times per week). Gut microbiome composition was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The HIIT significantly increased the aerobic fitness of both groups (P < 0.001) and improved markers of insulin sensitivity (lowered fasted insulin and HOMA-IR; P < 0.001) in the overweight group. Despite differences in the abundance of several bacterial taxa being evident between the lean and overweight group, HIIT did not affect the overall bacterial diversity or community structure (α-diversity or β-diversity). No associations were found between the top 50 most abundant bacterial genera and cardiorespiratory fitness markers; however, significant associations (P < 0.05) were observed between the abundance of the bacterial species Coprococcus_3, Blautia, Lachnospiraceae_ge and Dorea and insulin sensitivity markers in the overweight group. Our results suggest that short-term HIIT does not greatly impact the overall composition of the gut microbiome, but that certain microbiome genera are associated with insulin sensitivity markers that were improved by HIIT in overweight participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rettedal
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Julia M E Cree
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shannon E Adams
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin MacRae
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Gant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Through diverse mechanisms, obesity contributes to worsened cardiometabolic health and increases rates of cardiovascular events. Effective treatment of obesity is necessary to reduce the associated burdens of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and death. Despite increasing cardiovascular outcome data on obesity interventions, only a small fraction of the population with obesity are optimally treated. This is a primary impetus for this article in which we describe the typical weight loss, as well as the associated impact on both traditional and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors, provided by the 4 primary modalities for obtaining weight loss in obesity-dietary modification, increasing physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. We also attempt to highlight instances where changes in metabolic risk are relatively specific to particular interventions and appear at least somewhat independent of weight loss. Finally, we suggest important areas for further research to reduce and prevent adverse cardiovascular consequences due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Heffron
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY,NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY,Corresponding author: Sean P. Heffron, 227 East 30 St., #834, New York, NY 10016, 646-501-2735 ,
| | - Johnathon S. Parham
- NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jay Pendse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
| | - José O. Alemán
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Meng Y, Chen L, Lin W, Wang H, Xu G, Weng X. Exercise Reverses the Alterations in Gut Microbiota Upon Cold Exposure and Promotes Cold-Induced Weight Loss. Front Physiol 2020; 11:311. [PMID: 32431620 PMCID: PMC7212826 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been reported to contribute to reduced diet-induced obesity upon cold exposure. Furthermore, gut microbiome fermentation determines the efficacy of exercise for diabetes prevention and enhances exercise performance. However, there have been no systematic examinations of changes in gut microbiome composition in relation to exercise performed under low-temperature conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of exercise performed under different conditions (room temperature, acute cold, intermittent cold, and sustained cold) in obese rats maintained on a high-fat diet at four time points during experimental trials (days 0, 1, 3, and 35), including observations on white fat browning, weight loss, cardiovascular effects, and changes in gut microbiota among treatment groups. We found that exercise under sustained cold conditions produced a remarkable shift in microbiota composition. Unexpectedly, exercise was found to reverse the alterations in gut microbiota alpha-diversity and the abundance of certain bacterial phyla observed in response to cold exposure (e.g., Proteobacteria decreased upon cold exposure but increased in response to exercise under cold conditions). Moreover, exercise under cold conditions (hereafter referred to “cold exercise”) promoted a considerably higher level of white fat browning and greater weight loss and protected against the negative cardiovascular effects of cold exposure. Correlation analysis revealed that cold exercise-related changes in gut microbial communities were significantly correlated with white fat browning and cardiovascular phenotypes. These results could reveal novel mechanisms whereby additional health benefits attributable to both cold and exercise are mediated via altered gut microbes differently compared with either of them alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Wentao Lin
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Shenzhen Health Time Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqin Xu
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Weng
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Panagiotou M, Koulouris NG, Rovina N. Physical Activity: A Missing Link in Asthma Care. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030706. [PMID: 32150999 PMCID: PMC7141291 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the commonest respiratory disease and one of unceasingly increasing prevalence and burden. As such, asthma has attracted a major share or scientific interest and clinical attention. With the various clinical and pathophysiological aspects of asthma having been extensively investigated, the important association between asthma and physical activity remains underappreciated and insufficiently explored. Asthma impacts adversely on physical activity. Likewise, poor physical activity may lead to worse asthma outcomes. This concise clinical review presents the current recommendations for physical activity, discusses the available evidence on physical activity in asthma, and examines the causes of low physical activity in adult asthmatic patients. It also reviews the effect of daily physical activity and exercise training on the pathology and clinical outcomes of asthma. Finally, it summarizes the evidence on interventions targeting physical activity in asthma.
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36
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Hughes RL. A Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition. Front Nutr 2020; 6:191. [PMID: 31998739 PMCID: PMC6966970 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key factor in determining inter-individual variability in response to diet. Thus, far, research in this area has focused on metabolic health outcomes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, understanding the role of the gut microbiome in determining response to diet may also lead to improved personalization of sports nutrition for athletic performance. The gut microbiome has been shown to modify the effect of both diet and exercise, making it relevant to the athlete's pursuit of optimal performance. This area of research can benefit from recent developments in the general field of personalized nutrition and has the potential to expand our knowledge of the nexus between the gut microbiome, lifestyle, and individual physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L. Hughes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Chen KY, Brychta RJ, Abdul Sater Z, Cassimatis TM, Cero C, Fletcher LA, Israni NS, Johnson JW, Lea HJ, Linderman JD, O'Mara AE, Zhu KY, Cypess AM. Opportunities and challenges in the therapeutic activation of human energy expenditure and thermogenesis to manage obesity. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1926-1942. [PMID: 31914415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current obesity pandemic results from a physiological imbalance in which energy intake chronically exceeds energy expenditure (EE), and prevention and treatment strategies remain generally ineffective. Approaches designed to increase EE have been informed by decades of experiments in rodent models designed to stimulate adaptive thermogenesis, a long-term increase in metabolism, primarily induced by chronic cold exposure. At the cellular level, thermogenesis is achieved through increased rates of futile cycling, which are observed in several systems, most notably the regulated uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from ATP generation by uncoupling protein 1, a tissue-specific protein present in mitochondria of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Physiological activation of BAT and other organ thermogenesis occurs through β-adrenergic receptors (AR), and considerable effort over the past 5 decades has been directed toward developing AR agonists capable of safely achieving a net negative energy balance while avoiding unwanted cardiovascular side effects. Recent discoveries of other BAT futile cycles based on creatine and succinate have provided additional targets. Complicating the current and developing pharmacological-, cold-, and exercise-based methods to increase EE is the emerging evidence for strong physiological drives toward restoring lost weight over the long term. Future studies will need to address technical challenges such as how to accurately measure individual tissue thermogenesis in humans; how to safely activate BAT and other organ thermogenesis; and how to sustain a negative energy balance over many years of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Zahraa Abdul Sater
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Thomas M Cassimatis
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Laura A Fletcher
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nikita S Israni
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - James W Johnson
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Hannah J Lea
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Joyce D Linderman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Alana E O'Mara
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kenneth Y Zhu
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Nagano T, Yano H. Effect of dietary cellulose nanofiber and exercise on obesity and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat-diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:613-620. [PMID: 31718523 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1690975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber (CN) consumption with exercise could be a potential strategy to control obesity. Here, we studied the effects of CN supplementation and voluntary exercise on obesity and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Consumption of CN increased voluntary wheel running activity. CN intake and exercise together suppressed the increase in body weight and fat mass, and improved glucose tolerance. The fecal gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Principal component analysis revealed a shift in the microbiota composition resulting from exercise, but not from CN supplementation. Erysipelotrichaceae and Rikenellaceae decreased with exercise. Exercise also increased Ruminococcaceae, whereas exercise and CN intake together increased Eubacteriaceae. These two families are butyrate producers. Exercise increased the amount of acetate in the cecum. These results suggest that CN consumption improves exercise performance and exerts anti-obesity effects by modulating the balance of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Nagano
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yano
- Department of Health & Sports Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
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Ganci M, Suleyman E, Butt H, Ball M. The role of the brain-gut-microbiota axis in psychology: The importance of considering gut microbiota in the development, perpetuation, and treatment of psychological disorders. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01408. [PMID: 31568686 PMCID: PMC6851798 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of psychological disorders remains stable despite steady increases in pharmacological treatments suggesting the need for auxiliary treatment options. Consideration of the brain-gut-microbiota axis (BGMA) has made inroads into reconceptualizing psychological illness from a more holistic perspective. While our understanding of the precise role of gut microbiota (GM) in psychological illness is in its infancy, it represents an attractive target for novel interventions. METHOD An extensive review of relevant literature was undertaken. RESULTS Gut microbiota are proposed to directly and indirectly influence mood, cognition, and behavior which are key components of mental health. This paper outlines how GM may be implicated in psychological disorders from etiology through to treatment and prevention using the Four P model of case formulation. CONCLUSION Moving forward, integration of GM into the conceptualization and treatment of psychological illness will require the discipline of psychology to undergo a significant paradigm shift. While the importance of the GM in psychological well-being must be respected, it is not proposed to be a panacea, but instead, an additional arm to a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ganci
- Psychology Department, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Emra Suleyman
- Psychology Department, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Henry Butt
- Bioscreen Yarraville (Aust) Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Melbourne University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Psychology Department, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Elolimy A, Alharthi A, Zeineldin M, Parys C, Helmbrecht A, Loor JJ. Supply of Methionine During Late-Pregnancy Alters Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome in Neonatal Dairy Calves Without Changes in Daily Feed Intake. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2159. [PMID: 31608024 PMCID: PMC6761860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, most studies demonstrating the role of manipulating maternal nutrition on hindgut (i.e., large intestine) microbiota in the offspring have been performed in non-ruminants. Whether this phenomenon exists in cattle is largely unknown. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the impact of maternal post-ruminal supply of methionine during late-pregnancy in dairy cows on fecal microbiota and metabolome in neonatal calves, and their association with body development and growth performance during the preweaning period. To achieve this, heifer calves, i.e., neonatal female offspring, born to Holstein cows receiving either a control (CON) diet (n = 13) or CON plus rumen-protected methionine (MET; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH) during the last 28 days of pregnancy were used. Fecal samples from heifers were collected from birth until 6 weeks of age, i.e., the preweaning period. Fecal microbiota was analyzed with QIIME 2 whereas fecal metabolites were measured using an untargeted LC-MS approach. At birth, MET heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW, HH, and WH. During the preweaning period, no differences between groups were detected for starter intake (P = 0.77). However, MET heifers maintained greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW, HH and tended (P = 0.06) to have greater WH and average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.10). Fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles through 42 days of age in MET heifers indicated greater capacity for hindgut production of endogenous antibiotics and enhanced hindgut functionality and health. Enhancing maternal post-ruminal supply of methionine during late-gestation in dairy cows has a positive effect on hindgut functionality and health in their offspring through alterations in the fecal microbiota and metabolome without affecting feed intake. Those alterations could limit pathogen colonization of the hindgut while providing essential nutrients to the neonate. Together, such responses contribute to the ability of young calves to achieve better rates of nutrient utilization for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elolimy
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Alharthi
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Claudia Parys
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Tung YT, Hsu YJ, Liao CC, Ho ST, Huang CC, Huang WC. Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Intrinsically High and Low Exercise Capacities Through Multiomics Approaches. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31620020 PMCID: PMC6759823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise prevents lipid abnormalities and conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity; it considerably benefits sedentary individuals. However, individuals exhibit highly variable responses to exercise, probably due to genetic variations. Animal models are typically used to investigate the relationship of intrinsic exercise capacity with physiological, pathological, psychological, behavioral, and metabolic disorders. In the present study, we investigated differential physiological adaptations caused by intrinsic exercise capacity and explored the regulatory molecules or mechanisms through multiomics approaches. Outbred ICR mice (n = 100) performed an exhaustive swimming test and were ranked based on the exhaustive swimming time to distinguish intrinsically high- and low-capacity groups. Exercise performance, exercise fatigue indexes, glucose tolerance, and body compositions were assessed during the experimental processes. Furthermore, the gut microbiota, transcriptome, and proteome of soleus muscle with intrinsically high exercise capacity (HEC) and low exercise capacity (LEC) were further analyzed to reveal the most influential factors associated with differential exercise capacities. HEC mice outperformed LEC mice in physical activities (exhaustive swimming and forelimb grip strength tests) and exhibited higher glucose tolerance than LEC mice. Exercise-induced peripheral fatigue and the level of injury biomarkers (lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase, and aspartate aminotransferase) were also significantly lower in HEC mice than in LEC mice. Furthermore, the gut of the HEC mice contained significantly more Butyricicoccus than that of the LEC mice. In addition, transcriptome data of the soleus muscle revealed that the expression of microRNAs that are strongly associated with exercise performance-related physiological and metabolic functions (i.e., miR-383, miR-107, miR-30b, miR-669m, miR-191, miR-218, and miR-224) was higher in HEC mice than in LEC mice. The functional proteome data of soleus muscle indicated that the levels of key proteins related to muscle function and carbohydrate metabolism were also significantly higher in HEC mice than in LEC mice. Our study demonstrated that the mice with various intrinsic exercise capacities have different gut microbiome as well as transcriptome and proteome of soleus muscle by using multiomics approaches. The specific bacteria and regulatory factors, including miRNA and functional proteins, may be highly correlated with the adaptation of physiological functions and exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Structured exercise alters the gut microbiota in humans with overweight and obesity-A randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:125-135. [PMID: 31467422 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that exercise affects the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, yet this has not been investigated in a randomized controlled trial. The primary aim of this study was to assess if exercise alters the diversity, composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota in free-living humans. A secondary aim was to test whether alpha diversity was associated with phenotypical outcomes. METHODS Eighty eight participants with overweight or obesity completed a 6-month randomized controlled trial with 4 arms; habitual living (CON), active commuting by bike (BIKE) and leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD) or vigorous intensity (VIG). Faecal samples for 16 s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected prior to randomization and again after 3 and 6 months, with simultaneous registration of phenotypical outcomes and diet. RESULTS Shannon's diversity index increased by 5% in VIG (CI95 1-9%, P = 0.012) at 3 months compared with CON. No associations were observed between alpha diversity and phenotypical outcomes. Beta diversity changed in all exercise groups compared with CON, particularly the participants in VIG showed decreased heterogeneity. No genera changed significantly. The inferred functional potential of the microbiota in the exercise groups was increased, primarily at 3 months and in MOD. CONCLUSION Structured exercise induced subtle changes to the human gut microbiota. Cardiorespiratory fitness and fat mass were not associated with alpha diversity.
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43
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Sohail MU, Yassine HM, Sohail A, Al Thani AA. Impact of Physical Exercise on Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and the Pathobiology of Metabolic Disorders. Rev Diabet Stud 2019; 15:35-48. [PMID: 31380886 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2019.15.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors a complex and diverse microbial composition that outnumbers our own body cells and their gene contents. These microbes play a significant role in host metabolism and energy homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the GIT microbiome significantly contributes to host health and that impairments in the microbiome may cause the development of metabolic diseases. The microbiome architecture is shaped by several genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. Physical exercise has preventive or therapeutic effects in respiratory, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and muscular diseases. Yet, we still have little information of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on GIT health and microbial composition. Furthermore, we are not aware whether exercise-derived benefits on microbiome diversity can beneficially influence other tissues and body organs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to review the available literature on exercise-induced microbiome changes and to explain how these changes may induce inflammatory, immune, and oxidative responses that may contribute to the improvement of metabolic disorders. METHODS A systemic and comprehensive search of the relevant literature using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases was conducted during fall 2018 and spring 2019. The search identified sixty-two research and review articles that discussed exercise-induced microbiome changes. RESULTS The review of the relevant literature suggests that exercise-induced microbial changes affect the host's immune pathways and improve energy homeostasis. Microbes release certain neuroendocrine and immune-modulatory factors that may lower inflammatory and oxidative stress and relieve patients suffering from metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Exercise-induced changes in microbial diversity are able to improve tissue metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Sohail
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aaqib Sohail
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Vemuri R, Gundamaraju R, Shinde T, Perera AP, Basheer W, Southam B, Gondalia SV, Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Tristram S, Ahuja KDK, Ball M, Martoni CJ, Eri R. Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 Modulates Intestinal-Specific Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Immunological Profiles in Aging Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1297. [PMID: 31181695 PMCID: PMC6627711 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Distribution of the microbiota varies according to the location in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Thus, dysbiosis during aging may not be limited to faecal microbiota and extend to the other parts of the GI tract, especially the cecum and colon. Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, a probiotic strain, has been shown to modulate faecal microbiota and its associated metabolic phenotype in aging mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of L. acidophilus DDS-1 supplementation on caecal- and mucosal-associated microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and immunological profiles in young and aging C57BL/6J mice. Besides differences in the young and aging control groups, we observed microbial shifts in caecal and mucosal samples, leading to an alteration in SCFA levels and immune response. DDS-1 treatment increased the abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia spp. and Lactobacillus spp. more effectively in caecal samples than in mucosal samples. DDS-1 also enhanced the levels of butyrate, while downregulating the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1α, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-12 and IFN-γ) in serum and colonic explants. Our findings suggest distinct patterns of intestinal microbiota, improvements in SCFA and immunological profiles with DDS-1 supplementation in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Tanvi Shinde
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Agampodi Promoda Perera
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Waheedha Basheer
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Benjamin Southam
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Shakuntla V Gondalia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Stephen Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
| | - Madeleine Ball
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3082 Australia.
| | | | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250 Australia.
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Moore JL, Siciliano PD, Pratt-Phillips SE. Effects of Diet Versus Exercise on Morphometric Measurements, Blood Hormone Concentrations, and Oral Sugar Test Response in Obese Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 78:38-45. [PMID: 31203982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss plans in horses typically use dietary restriction, but exercise may have additional benefits. This study aimed to compare the effects of a diet or exercise protocol resulting in comparable caloric restriction in obese horses. Ten obese horses were paired according to sex, age, and breed or breed type. One horse from each pair was randomly assigned to either diet (DIET)-intake restricted to approximately 85% of digestible energy requirements or exercise (EX)-exercised to expend approximately 15% of digestible energy requirements, resulting in 85% of requirements available, for 4 weeks. Body weight (BW), heart girth (HG), girth-to-height ratio (G:H), neck circumference (NC), neck circumference-to-height ratio (NC:H), belly girth (BG), body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), serum insulin, plasma leptin, and plasma ghrelin concentrations were measured weekly. An oral sugar test was conducted on days 0 and 28 to measure insulin to glucose ratio (Ins:glc) and 60-minute insulin sensitivity index (ISI60). Results were analyzed using repeated measures. A P ≤ .05 was considered significant, and .05 <P ≤ .10 was considered a tendency. Both groups showed similar decreases over time in BW, HG, G:H, BG, BCS, and CNS, but the EX group showed significantly greater losses in NC (and NC:H). The EX group showed significant improvements in (log) Ins:glc, as well as a tendency for improvements in (log) ISI60 and plasma leptin concentrations, while the DIET group showed no change. Horses showed no changes in (log) plasma ghrelin with weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Moore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
| | - Paul D Siciliano
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Liao Y, Peng Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Nüssler AK, Bao W, Liu L, Yang W. Prospective Views for Whey Protein and/or Resistance Training Against Age-related Sarcopenia. Aging Dis 2019; 10:157-173. [PMID: 30705776 PMCID: PMC6345331 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is characterized by decline in skeletal muscle mass and function along with growing age, which consequently leads to age-related sarcopenia, if without any preventive timely treatment. Moreover, age-related sarcopenia in elder people would contribute to falls and fractures, disability, poor quality of life, increased use of hospital services and even mortality. Whey protein (WP) and/or resistance training (RT) has shown promise in preventing and treating age-related sarcopenia. It seems that sex hormones could be potential contributors for gender differences in skeletal muscle and age-related sarcopenia. In addition, skeletal muscle and the development of sarcopenia are influenced by gut microbiota, which in turn is affected by WP or RT. Gut microbiota may be a key factor for WP and/or RT against age-related sarcopenia. Therefore, focusing on sex hormones and gut microbiota may do great help for preventing, treating and better understanding age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liao
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- 3Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wei Bao
- 4Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Liegang Liu
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
The microbiome in the gut is a diverse environment, housing the majority of our bacterial microbes. This microecosystem has a symbiotic relationship with the surrounding multicellular organism, and a balance and diversity of specific phyla of bacteria support general health. When gut bacteria diversity diminishes, there are systemic consequences, such as gastrointestinal and psychological distress. This pathway of communication is known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Interventions such as probiotic supplementation that influence microbiome also improve both gut and brain disorders. Recent evidence suggests that aerobic exercise improves the diversity and abundance of genera from the Firmcutes phylum, which may be the link between the positive effects of exercise on the gut and brain. The purpose of this review is to explain the complex communication pathway of the microbiome-gut-brain axis and further examine the role of exercise on influencing this communication highway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Dalton
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christine Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Micah Zuhl
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,CONTACT Micah Zuhl Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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48
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Ribeiro FM, Ribeiro CFA, G ACM, Castro AP, Almeida JA, Franco OL, Petriz BA. Limited Effects of Low-to-Moderate Aerobic Exercise on the Gut Microbiota of Mice Subjected to a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010149. [PMID: 30641996 PMCID: PMC6357116 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that diet and exercise may modulate the gut microbiota in obese subjects. Both interventions were shown to alter the microbiota orthogonally. However, this relationship has not been fully explored. This study analyzed the effects of low-to-moderate aerobic training on the fecal microbiota of mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, 40 male mice (C57Bl/6) were divided into two groups with standard diet (SD; 12.4% lipid) and HFD (60.3% lipid) for four months. These groups were divided into four, named SD control, HF control, SD trained and HF trained. All animals were submitted to an incremental test to estimate low-to-moderate maximum speed. Training consisted of 30 min·day−1, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. The HFD increased the body weight (p < 0.0001) and adiposity index (p < 0.05). HFD also negatively influenced performance in exercise training. Moreover, the diversity of gut microbiota was reduced by the HFD in all groups. A low-to-moderate exercise was ineffective in modulating the gut microbiota composition in mice subjected to HFD. These findings suggest that two months of low-to-moderate exercise does not achieve a preponderant modulatory effect on shaping microbiota when submitted to the high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M Ribeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
- University Center-UDF, Research Group of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Brasilia, 70390-045 DF, Brazil.
| | - Camila F A Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, 79000-000, MS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia M G
- University Center-UDF, Research Group of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Brasilia, 70390-045 DF, Brazil.
| | - Alinne P Castro
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, 79000-000, MS, Brazil.
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro Oeste-PPGSD, Faculdade de Medicina-FAMED, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 71966-700, MS, Brazil.
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, 79000-000, MS, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo A Petriz
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
- University Center-UDF, Research Group of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Brasilia, 70390-045 DF, Brazil.
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49
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MITCHELL CASSIEM, DAVY BRENDAM, HULVER MATTHEWW, NEILSON ANDREWP, BENNETT BRIANJ, DAVY KEVINP. Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:160-167. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Langsetmo L, Johnson A, Demmer RT, Fino N, Orwoll ES, Ensrud KE, Hoffman AR, Cauley JA, Shmagel A, Meyer K, Shikany JM. The Association between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and the Gut Microbiome among Older Community Dwelling Men. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:538-546. [PMID: 31233075 PMCID: PMC6618308 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and the gut microbiome among community-dwelling older men. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort participants at Visit 4 (2014-16). PARTICIPANTS Eligible men (n=373, mean age 84 y) included participants with 5-day activity assessment with at least 90% wear time and analyzed stool samples. MEASUREMENTS PA was measured with the SenseWear Pro3 Armband and stool samples analyzed for 16S v4 rRNA marker genes using Illumina MiSeq technology. Armband data together with sex, height, and weight were used to estimate total steps, total energy expenditure, and level of activity. 16S data was analyzed using standard UPARSE workflow. Shannon and Inverse Simpson indices were measures of (within-participant) α-diversity. Weighted and unweighted Unifrac were measures of (between-participant) β-diversity. We used linear regression analysis, principal coordinate analysis, zero-inflated Gaussian models to assess association between PA and α-diversity, β-diversity, and specific taxa, respectively, with adjustments for age, race, BMI, clinical center, library size, and number of chronic conditions. RESULTS PA was not associated with α-diversity. There was a slight association between PA and β-diversity (in particular the second principal coordinate). Compared to those who were less active, those who had higher step counts had higher relative abundance of Cetobacterium and lower relative abundance of taxa from the genera Coprobacillus, Adlercreutzia, Erysipelotrichaceae CC-115 after multivariable adjustment including age, BMI, and chronic conditions. There was no consistent pattern by phylum. CONCLUSION There was a modest association between levels of PA and specific gut microbes among community-dwelling older men. The observed associations are consistent with the hypothesis that underlying health status and composition of the host microbiome are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Langsetmo
- Lisa Langsetmo, University of Minnesota, Epidemiology and Community Health, 1300 S. 2nd St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, Phone: 612-467-1649; Fax: 612-467-2118,
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