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de Ruyter H, Aitokari L, Lahti S, Riekki H, Huhtala H, Lakka T, Laivuori H, Kurppa K. Maternal gestational hypertension, smoking and pre-eclampsia are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight offspring. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:1183-1191. [PMID: 38433535 PMCID: PMC11103127 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to a steep increase in obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has also become the most common chronic hepatic condition among children and adolescents. Various maternal and pregnancy-related factors have also been implicated in the development of MAFLD, but human studies remain scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehensive data of 460 overweight or obese children aged 2-16 years were collected and combined with data on selected maternal and pregnancy-related factors for a case-control study. MALFD was defined as alanine aminotransferase >2× upper limit of normal. Children with and without MAFLD were compared regarding to the study variables and multivariable regression analysis was utilized. RESULTS Median age of the study children was 11.8 (quartiles 9.1-14.2) years; 44% were girls and 17.8% had MAFLD. Children with MAFLD were older (12.7 vs. 11.6 years, p = 0.002), while the groups did not differ age-standardized body mass index (BMI-SDS) or gender. Factors associated with MAFLD in a multivariable model considering also the offspring's present BMI-SDS, sex, and maternal prepregnancy overweight, were child's older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.28), maternal gestational smoking (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.16-3.47), gestational hypertension (OR 3.44, 95% CI: 1.08-11.0) and pre-eclampsia (OR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.15-7.45). There was no significant association between MAFLD and maternal BMI, birth anthropometrics or perinatal complications. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia were associated with MAFLD among overweight or obese children. Further prospective studies are needed to verify causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna de Ruyter
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Linnea Aitokari
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Celiac Disease Research CenterTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Siiri Lahti
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Hanna Riekki
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Celiac Disease Research CenterTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- University Consortium of SeinäjokiSeinäjokiFinland
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2
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Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ, Kagios C, Kvernby S, Lundström E, Fanni G, Lundqvist MH, Carlsson BCL, Sundbom M, Tarai S, Lubberink M, Kullberg J, Risérus U, Ahlström H. Short-term effects of obesity surgery versus low-energy diet on body composition and tissue-specific glucose uptake: a randomised clinical study using whole-body integrated 18F-FDG-PET/MRI. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06150-3. [PMID: 38656372 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity surgery (OS) and diet-induced weight loss rapidly improve insulin resistance. We aim to investigate the impact of either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery compared with a diet low in energy (low-calorie diet; LCD) on body composition, glucose control and insulin sensitivity, assessed both at the global and tissue-specific level in individuals with obesity but not diabetes. METHODS In this parallel group randomised controlled trial, patients on a waiting list for OS were randomised (no blinding, sealed envelopes) to either undergo surgery directly or undergo an LCD before surgery. At baseline and 4 weeks after surgery (n=15, 11 RYGB and 4 SG) or 4 weeks after the start of LCD (n=9), investigations were carried out, including an OGTT and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps during which concomitant simultaneous whole-body [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI was performed. The primary outcome was HOMA-IR change. RESULTS One month after bariatric surgery and initiation of LCD, both treatments induced similar reductions in body weight (mean ± SD: -7.7±1.4 kg and -7.4±2.2 kg, respectively), adipose tissue volume (7%) and liver fat content (2% units). HOMA-IR, a main endpoint, was significantly reduced following OS (-26.3% [95% CI -49.5, -3.0], p=0.009) and non-significantly following LCD (-20.9% [95% CI -58.2, 16.5). For both groups, there were similar reductions in triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were also significantly reduced only following OS. There was an increase in glucose AUC in response to an OGTT in the OS group (by 20%) but not in the LCD group. During hyperinsulinaemia, only the OS group showed a significantly increased PET-derived glucose uptake rate in skeletal muscle but a reduced uptake in the heart and abdominal adipose tissue. Both liver and brain glucose uptake rates were unchanged after surgery or LCD. Whole-body glucose disposal and endogenous glucose production were not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The short-term metabolic effects seen 4 weeks after OS are not explained by loss of body fat alone. Thus OS, but not LCD, led to reductions in fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance as well as to distinct changes in insulin-stimulated glucose fluxes to different tissues. Such effects may contribute to the prevention or reversal of type 2 diabetes following OS. Moreover, the full effects on whole-body insulin resistance and plasma glucose require a longer time than 4 weeks. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02988011 FUNDING: This work was supported by AstraZeneca R&D, the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, the European Union's Horizon Europe Research project PAS GRAS, the European Commission via the Marie Sklodowska Curie Innovative Training Network TREATMENT, EXODIAB, the Family Ernfors Foundation, the P.O. Zetterling Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Agnes and Mac Rudberg Foundation and the Uppsala University Hospital ALF grants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christakis Kagios
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Kvernby
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Lundström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn C L Carlsson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sambit Tarai
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Tudor MS, Gheorman V, Simeanu GM, Dobrinescu A, Pădureanu V, Dinescu VC, Forțofoiu MC. Evolutive Models, Algorithms and Predictive Parameters for the Progression of Hepatic Steatosis. Metabolites 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 38668326 PMCID: PMC11052048 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of evolutive models and algorithms for predicting the evolution of hepatic steatosis holds immense potential benefits. These computational approaches enable the analysis of complex datasets, capturing temporal dynamics and providing personalized prognostic insights. By optimizing intervention planning and identifying critical transition points, they promise to revolutionize our approach to understanding and managing hepatic steatosis progression, ultimately leading to enhanced patient care and outcomes in clinical settings. This paradigm shift towards a more dynamic, personalized, and comprehensive approach to hepatic steatosis progression signifies a significant advancement in healthcare. The application of evolutive models and algorithms allows for a nuanced characterization of disease trajectories, facilitating tailored interventions and optimizing clinical decision-making. Furthermore, these computational tools offer a framework for integrating diverse data sources, creating a more holistic understanding of hepatic steatosis progression. In summary, the potential benefits encompass the ability to analyze complex datasets, capture temporal dynamics, provide personalized prognostic insights, optimize intervention planning, identify critical transition points, and integrate diverse data sources. The application of evolutive models and algorithms has the potential to revolutionize our understanding and management of hepatic steatosis, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Sînziana Tudor
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.S.T.); (G.-M.S.)
| | - Veronica Gheorman
- Department 3 Medical Semiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Georgiana-Mihaela Simeanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.S.T.); (G.-M.S.)
| | - Adrian Dobrinescu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Vlad Pădureanu
- Department 3 Medical Semiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Venera Cristina Dinescu
- Department of Health Promotion and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2 Str, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu
- Department 3 Medical Semiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, 200143 Craiova, Romania;
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Mandal M, Ghosh S, Roy S, Mandal S, Dasgupta A. Association of Diabetic Retinopathy with Midlife Hepatic Steatosis Diagnosed by Elastography and Hepatic Steatosis Index in Type 2 Diabetes in an Indian Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:214-221. [PMID: 38417047 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing hepatic steatosis. We determined the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in middle-aged patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) in an Indian population. We feel this information is critical, with trends of increasing chronic liver disease-related mortality at younger ages. Method: Institution-based analytical cross-sectional study with 114 middle-aged type 2 diabetes patients; 57 in each group with <15 years of duration of DM and without excessive drinking. Hepatic steatosis was determined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), hepatic ultrasonography (USG), and elastography. Result: The HSI in DR (37.9 ± 3.9) was more (P = 0.012) than in without diabetic retinopathy (NODR) (36.3 ± 3.3). There was no difference between two groups in liver span (P = 0.829) or in the prevalence of fatty liver (P = 0.562) as determined by conventional USG. Elastography value (kPa) was more (P = 0.001) in DR (6.51 ± 1.85) than in NODR (5.14 ± 1.60). On elastography, 50.9% in DR had a likelihood ratio (Metavir score for a stiffness value) for stage 2 Metavir score. In DR, 11.8% of those missed by USG had a likelihood ratio for ≥ stage 2 Metavir score on elastography. The presence of DR was independently correlated with kPa value (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A significantly higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis was observed in DR in this population. DR can be a useful biomarker for early hepatic screening in midlife, particularly with hepatic elastography, so that timely diagnosis of hepatic steatosis can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mily Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sambuddha Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Satarupa Roy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayani Mandal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindya Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jhargram Government Medical College, Jhargram, India
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5
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Gu P, Dube S, Gellada N, Choi SY, Win S, Lee YJ, Yang S, Haritunians T, Melmed GY, Vasiliauskas EA, Bonthala N, Syal G, Yarur AJ, Ziring D, Rabizadeh S, Fleshner P, Kallman C, Devkota S, Targan SR, Li D, McGovern DPB. Pre-operative visceral adipose tissue radiodensity is a potentially novel prognostic biomarker for early endoscopic post-operative recurrence in Crohn's disease. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:740-750. [PMID: 38577075 PMCID: PMC10989343 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests inflammatory mesenteric fat is involved in post-operative recurrence (POR) of Crohn's disease (CD). However, its prognostic value is uncertain, in part, due to difficulties studying it non-invasively. AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of pre-operative radiographic mesenteric parameters for early endoscopic POR (ePOR). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of CD subjects ≥ 12 years who underwent ileocecal or small bowel resection between 1/1/2007 to 12/31/2021 with computerized tomography abdomen/pelvis ≤ 6 months pre-operatively and underwent ileocolonoscopy ≤ 15 months post-operatively. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (cm3), ratio of VAT:subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume, VAT radiodensity, and ratio of VAT:SAT radiodensity were generated semiautomatically. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy (LAD, largest lymph node > 10 mm) and severe vasa recta (VR) engorgement (diameter of the VR supplying diseased bowel ≥ 2 × VR supplying healthy bowel) were derived manually. The primary outcome was early ePOR (Rutgeert's score ≥ i2 on first endoscopy ≤ 15 months post-operatively) and the secondary outcome was ePOR severity (Rutgeert's score i0-4). Regression analyses were performed adjusting for demographic and disease-related characteristics to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Of the 139 subjects included, 45% of subjects developed early ePOR (n = 63). VAT radiodensity (aOR 0.59, 95%CI: 0.38-0.90) and VAT:SAT radiodensity (aOR 8.54, 95%CI: 1.48-49.28) were associated with early ePOR, whereas, VAT volume (aOR 1.23, 95%CI: 0.78-1.95), VAT:SAT volume (aOR 0.80, 95%CI: 0.53-1.20), severe VR engorgement (aOR 1.53, 95%CI: 0.64-3.66), and mesenteric LAD (aOR 1.59, 95%CI: 0.67-3.79) were not. Similar results were observed for severity of ePOR. CONCLUSION VAT radiodensity is potentially a novel non-invasive prognostic imaging marker to help risk stratify CD patients for POR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Gu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Shishir Dube
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Norman Gellada
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - So Yung Choi
- Department of Biostatistics Shared Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Susan Win
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, South Korea
| | - Shaohong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Eric A Vasiliauskas
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Niru Bonthala
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Gaurav Syal
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Andres J Yarur
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - David Ziring
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Shervin Rabizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Phillip Fleshner
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Cindy Kallman
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Stephan R Targan
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Dalin Li
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Dermot PB McGovern
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
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Lu F, Meng Y, Song X, Li X, Liu Z, Gu C, Zheng X, Jing Y, Cai W, Pinyopornpanish K, Mancuso A, Romeiro FG, Méndez-Sánchez N, Qi X. Artificial Intelligence in Liver Diseases: Recent Advances. Adv Ther 2024; 41:967-990. [PMID: 38286960 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases cause a significant burden on public health worldwide. In spite of great advances during recent years, there are still many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. During recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostic prediction of various diseases based on clinical datasets and medical images. Accumulative studies have shown its performance for diagnosing patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis and assessing their severity, and for predicting treatment response and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, outcomes of liver transplantation recipients, and risk of drug-induced liver injury. Herein, we aim to comprehensively summarize the current evidence regarding diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic role of AI in these common liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Lu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoting Song
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunru Gu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Jing
- Neusoft Research of Intelligent Healthcare Technology, Co. Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Neusoft Research of Intelligent Healthcare Technology, Co. Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Andrea Mancuso
- Medicina Interna 1, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale Ad Alta Specializzazione Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Xingshun Qi
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning Province, China.
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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7
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Zerunian M, Masci B, Caruso D, Pucciarelli F, Polici M, Nardacci S, De Santis D, Iannicelli E, Laghi A. Liver Magnetic Resonance Elastography: Focus on Methodology, Technique, and Feasibility. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:379. [PMID: 38396418 PMCID: PMC10887609 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an imaging technique that combines low-frequency mechanical vibrations with magnetic resonance imaging to create visual maps and quantify liver parenchyma stiffness. As in recent years, diffuse liver diseases have become highly prevalent worldwide and could lead to a chronic condition with different stages of fibrosis. There is a strong necessity for a non-invasive, highly accurate, and standardised quantitative assessment to evaluate and manage patients with different stages of fibrosis from diagnosis to follow-up, as the actual reference standard for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis is biopsy, an invasive method with possible peri-procedural complications and sampling errors. MRE could quantitatively evaluate liver stiffness, as it is a rapid and repeatable method with high specificity and sensitivity. MRE is based on the propagation of mechanical shear waves through the liver tissue that are directly proportional to the organ's stiffness, expressed in kilopascals (kPa). To obtain a valid assessment of the real hepatic stiffness values, it is mandatory to obtain a high-quality examination. To understand the pearls and pitfalls of MRE, in this review, we describe our experience after one year of performing MRE from indications and patient preparation to acquisition, quality control, and image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zerunian
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
- PhD School in Translational Medicine and Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Masci
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Damiano Caruso
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesco Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Michela Polici
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
- PhD School in Translational Medicine and Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Nardacci
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Domenico De Santis
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Elsa Iannicelli
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.M.); (M.P.); (S.N.); (D.D.S.); (E.I.); (A.L.)
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8
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Badawy M, Elsayes KM, Lubner MG, Shehata MA, Fowler K, Kaoud A, Pickhardt PJ. Metabolic syndrome: imaging features and clinical outcomes. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:292-305. [PMID: 38308038 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, which affects around a quarter of adults worldwide, is a group of metabolic abnormalities characterized mainly by insulin resistance and central adiposity. It is strongly correlated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Early identification of the changes induced by metabolic syndrome in target organs and timely intervention (eg, weight reduction) can decrease morbidity and mortality. Imaging can monitor the main components of metabolic syndrome and identify early the development and progression of its sequelae in various organs. In this review, we discuss the imaging features across different modalities that can be used to evaluate changes due to metabolic syndrome, including fatty deposition in different organs, arterial stiffening, liver fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Radiologists can play a vital role in recognizing and following these target organ injuries, which in turn can motivate lifestyle modification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Meghan G Lubner
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Kathryn Fowler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Arwa Kaoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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9
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Tan AA, Demirtas D, Hizarcioglu-Gulsen H, Karakaya J, Isiyel E, Ozen H, Oguz B, Haliloglu M, Ozcan HN. Liver magnetic resonance elastography and fat fraction in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis versus healthy children. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:250-259. [PMID: 38133654 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). While liver biopsy is the gold standard for demonstrating involvement, its invasiveness prompts a search for noninvasive alternatives. OBJECTIVE To evaluate liver involvement in pediatric patients with CF (versus healthy controls) using magnetic resonance (MR) elastography/spectroscopy and to correlate the imaging findings with clinical/laboratory characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-center, prospective cross-sectional study conducted between April 2020 and March 2022 in patients with CF versus healthy controls. Patients with CF were divided into two subgroups: those with CF-related liver disease and those without. MR images were acquired on a 1.5-tesla machine. Kilopascal (kPa) values were derived from processing MR elastography images. MR spectroscopy was used to measure liver fat fraction, as an indication of hepatosteatosis. Groups were compared using either the Student's t test or the Mann‒Whitney U test. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare qualitative variables. RESULTS Fifty-one patients with CF (12 ± 3.3 years, 32 boys) and 24 healthy volunteers (11.1 ± 2.4 years, 15 boys) were included in the study. Median liver stiffness (P=0.003) and fat fraction (P=0.03) were higher in the CF patients than in the controls. Median liver stiffness values were higher in CF patients with CF-related liver disease than in those without CF-related liver disease (P=0.002). Liver stiffness values of CF patients with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high gamma-glutamyl transferase, and thrombocytopenia were found to be higher than those without (P=0.004, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Only the high ALT group showed a high fat fraction (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CF had higher liver stiffness than the control group, and patients with CF-related liver disease had higher liver stiffness than both the CF patients without CF-related liver disease and the control group. Patients with CF had a higher fat fraction than the control group. Noninvasive assessment of liver involvement using MR elastography/spectroscopy can support the diagnosis of CF-related liver disease and the follow-up of patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Anil Tan
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Demirtas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Hizarcioglu-Gulsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jale Karakaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Isiyel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mithat Haliloglu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Nursun Ozcan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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10
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Pithani KD, Vadhi R. Enhanced non-alcoholic fatty liver detection: Computed tomography scan image analysis and noise reduction with morphological dilation. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:1-12. [PMID: 38245473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of fat in the liver cells caused by means other than alcohol consumption. It is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide and can lead to severe conditions, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. NAFLD is often associated with other metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, and is closely related to lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity [1]. The diagnosis as well as management of NAFLD are complex and involve a multidisciplinary approach. The available treatment options include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and in severe cases, liver transplantation. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD highlights the urgent requirement of effective prevention and management strategies. This disease is a growing health concern in India, given the rise in the incidence of obesity and diabetes. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology in 2020, the prevalence of NAFLD in India is estimated to be between 9% and 32%. In accordance with the research population and diagnostic criteria employed, a study published in the Indian Journal of Gastroenterology in 2019 found that the prevalence of NAFLD in India ranged from 9.6% to 32.3% [2]. The same study also revealed that the prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a highly severe form of NAFLD, ranged from 1.5% to 8.4%. These statistics highlight the need for increased awareness and preventive measures to manage the growing burden of NAFLD in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Dev Pithani
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533437, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Radhika Vadhi
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533437, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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11
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de Souza Echeverria L, Mounzer DLS, Gestic MA, Utrini MP, Chaim FDM, Callejas-Neto F, Chaim EA, Cazzo E. Fibrotic NASH in Individuals with Obesity: a Cross-sectional Analysis of the Prevalence of this Significant Milestone of Disease Progression and Accuracy of a Non-invasive Marker for its Screening. Obes Surg 2024; 34:389-395. [PMID: 38110785 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), i.e., the concomitant presence of active inflammation and fibrosis, represents a milestone in the natural history of NAFLD and a critical time point in its progression. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the non-invasive Fibrotic NASH Index (FNI) in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, enrolling individuals who underwent bariatric surgery with liver biopsy at a tertiary university hospital. FNI was calculated, and a cutoff value was determined. Its diagnostic accuracy was then calculated through comparison with the gold standard test for this analysis (histopathological examination). RESULTS Of 128 participants, 83.6% were female, and the average age was 39.8 ± 8.7 years. The mean BMI was 38.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2. NAFLD was histologically confirmed in 76.6%, of which 81.6% had NASH. Histologically confirmed fibrotic NASH was observed in 22.7% of the general study population, 29.6% of individuals with NAFLD, and 36.3% of those with NASH. The mean FNI was 0.18 ± 0.19. An optimal cutoff point of 0.21 was determined, with an overall accuracy of 90.1%, an 82.8% sensitivity, a 90.8% specificity, a 72.6% positive predictive value, and a 94.7% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS FNI provided adequate accuracy in detecting and ruling out fibrotic NASH. Considering the importance of fibrotic NASH within the natural history of NAFLD progression and the fact that this marker uses simple variables, it may be of great importance in high-risk populations, and its external validation and use should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Everton Cazzo
- Dept. of Surgery, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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Hänni O, Ruby L, Paverd C, Frauenfelder T, Rominger MB, Martin A. Confounders of Ultrasound Attenuation Imaging in a Linear Probe Using the Canon Aplio i800 System: A Phantom Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:271. [PMID: 38337786 PMCID: PMC10855333 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been studies showing attenuation imaging (ATI) with ultrasound as an approach to diagnose liver diseases such as steatosis or cirrhosis. So far, this technique has only been used on a convex probe. The goal of the study was to investigate the feasibility of ATI measurements using the linear array on a canon Aplio i800 scanner on certified phantoms. Three certified liver tissue attenuation phantoms were measured in five different positions using a linear probe. The effects of positioning and depth were explored and compared. The values were compared to the certified expected value for each phantom as well as the different measurement values for each measurement position. The ATI measurements on phantoms showed significant effect for the different probe positions and region of interest (ROI) depths. Values taken in the center with the probe perpendicular to the phantom were closest to certified values. Median values at 2.5-4.5 cm depth for phantoms 1 and 2 and 0.5-2.5 cm for phantom 3 were comparable with certified values. Measurements taken at a depth greater than 6 cm in any position were the least representative of the certified values (p-value < 0.01) and had the widest range throughout the different sessions. ATI measurements can be performed with the linear probe in phantoms; however, careful consideration should be given to depth dependency, as it can significantly affect measurement values. Remaining measurements at various depths within the 0.5-6.0 cm range showed deviation from the certified values of approximately 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hänni
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Dekanat Pestalozzistrasse 3, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (M.B.R.)
| | - Lisa Ruby
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (M.B.R.)
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catherine Paverd
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (M.B.R.)
| | - Thomas Frauenfelder
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (M.B.R.)
| | - Marga B. Rominger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (M.B.R.)
| | - Alexander Martin
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (M.B.R.)
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Singha PS, Ghosh S, Ghosh D. Levothyroxine and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Mini Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:128-138. [PMID: 36918791 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230314113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Levothyroxine or l-thyroxine is artificially manufactured thyroxine, which is used as a drug to treat underactive thyroid conditions in humans. The drug, levothyroxine, is consumed daily in a prescribed dose to replace the missing thyroid hormone thyroxine in an individual with an underactive thyroid, and it helps to maintain normal physiological conditions. Though it is a life-maintaining drug, it replaces the missing thyroid hormone and performs the necessary daily metabolic functions in our body. Like all other allopathic drugs, it comes with certain side effects, which include joint pain, cramps in muscle, weight gain/loss, hair loss, etc. The thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is known to mobilize fat in our body, including the ones from the hepatic system. An underactive thyroid may cause an accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to a fatty liver, which is clinically termed Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The correlation between hypothyroidism and NAFLD is now well-studied and recognized. As levothyroxine performs the functions of the missing thyroxine, it is anticipated, based on certain preliminary studies, that the drug helps to mobilize hepatic fat and thus may have a crucial role in mitigating the condition of NAFDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvendu Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsura, Hooghly, 712 101, West Bengal, India
| | - Debosree Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Government General Degree College, West Bengal, India
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14
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Kadi D, Loomba R, Bashir MR. Diagnosis and Monitoring of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current State and Future Directions. Radiology 2024; 310:e222695. [PMID: 38226882 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.222695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease, with a worldwide prevalence of 25%. NAFLD is a spectrum that includes nonalcoholic fatty liver defined histologically by isolated hepatocytes steatosis without inflammation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the inflammatory subtype of NAFLD and is associated with disease progression, development of cirrhosis, and increased rates of liver-specific and overall mortality. The differentiation between NAFLD and NASH as well as staging NASH are important yet challenging clinical problems. Liver biopsy is currently the standard for disease diagnosis and fibrosis staging. However, this procedure is invasive, costly, and cannot be used for longitudinal monitoring. Therefore, several noninvasive quantitative imaging biomarkers have been proposed that can estimate the severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Despite this, noninvasive diagnosis of NASH and accurate risk stratification remain unmet needs. In this work, the most relevant available imaging biomarkers are reviewed and their application in patients with NAFLD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kadi
- From the Department of Radiology (D.K., M.R.B.), Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Department of Pathology (M.R.B.), and Division of Hepatology (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705; and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NAFLD Research Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif (R.L.)
| | - Rohit Loomba
- From the Department of Radiology (D.K., M.R.B.), Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Department of Pathology (M.R.B.), and Division of Hepatology (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705; and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NAFLD Research Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif (R.L.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Department of Radiology (D.K., M.R.B.), Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Department of Pathology (M.R.B.), and Division of Hepatology (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705; and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NAFLD Research Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif (R.L.)
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15
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Kazi IN, Kuo L, Tsai E. Noninvasive Methods for Assessing Liver Fibrosis and Steatosis. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2024; 20:21-29. [PMID: 38405045 PMCID: PMC10885415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis is crucial to the individualized management of patients with chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy remains the reference standard for the assessment of steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis. However, over the past decade, there has been an exponential growth in noninvasive tests (NITs) designed to assess liver fibrosis and steatosis. These NITs range from serum biomarkers to imaging assessments of liver tissue stiffness. Current noninvasive methods overcome the limitations of non-specific laboratory markers, conventional imaging, and invasive procedures, and are now starting to be adopted. The Fibrosis-4 index, Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test, and elastography have gained the strongest clinical footholds for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis. There remains significant interest in demonstrating superiority of any specific test or, alternatively, optimizing a sequential algorithm to provide the most accurate diagnosis of fibrosis staging. This article reviews currently available noninvasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily Kuo
- UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eugenia Tsai
- UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Texas Liver Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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16
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Tungtrongchitr N, Srivanitchapoom N, Hirunpat P, Sungkanuparph S. Correlation Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:1227-1234. [PMID: 37823314 PMCID: PMC10765231 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is a crucial global health concern. Studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease patients are at higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, there are no precise measures of the correlation between the degree of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease fibrosis and coronavirus disease 2019 severity. This study evaluated the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with varying degrees of fibrosis and coronavirus disease 2019 prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients who had liver steatosis as determined by computed tomography scan were included. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was diagnosed in accordance with international consensus criteria. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, FIB-4 and FIB-8 indexes. Coronavirus disease 2019 severity was defined using World Health Organization criteria. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between varying degrees of fibrosis and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019. RESULTS A total of 996 confirmed hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 cases with complete data were reviewed; of these, 296 (29.7%) cases of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease were diagnosed. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease patients with any fibrotic state had more severe coronavirus disease 2019 than nonmetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease patients (adjusted odds ratio 1.912, 95% CI 1.363-2.684; P < .05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease patients with significant fibrosis according to the FIB-8 score were more likely to have severe coronavirus disease 2019 (adjusted odds ratio 5.458, 95% CI 1.481-20.110; P < .05). CONCLUSION The presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients strongly correlated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019. The hepatic FIB-8 index appears to provide the best prognostic value among the fibrosis scores in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapat Tungtrongchitr
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Srivanitchapoom
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornrujee Hirunpat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somnuek Sungkanuparph
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Boeriu A, Dobru D, Fofiu C. Non-Invasive Diagnostic of NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk Stratification: Strengths and Limitations. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2262. [PMID: 38137863 PMCID: PMC10744403 DOI: 10.3390/life13122262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive potential of liver damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) towards advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocarcinoma has led to increased concern for quantifying liver injury and individual risk assessment. The combination of blood-based markers and imaging techniques is recommended for the initial evaluation in NAFLD and for regular monitoring to evaluate disease progression. Continued development of ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging methods for accurate quantification of liver steatosis and fibrosis, as well as promising tools for the detection of high-risk NASH, have been noted. In this review, we aim to summarize available evidence regarding the usefulness of non-invasive methods for the assessment of NAFLD in T2DM. We focus on the power and limitations of various methods for diagnosis, risk stratification, and patient monitoring that support their implementation in clinical setting or in research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Boeriu
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Medicine Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology “George Emil Palade” Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Gastroenterology Department, Mures County Clinical Hospital, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Daniela Dobru
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Medicine Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology “George Emil Palade” Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Gastroenterology Department, Mures County Clinical Hospital, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Crina Fofiu
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Medicine Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology “George Emil Palade” Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Internal Medicine Department, Bistrita County Clinical Hospital, 420094 Bistrita, Romania
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18
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Chen S, Pang J, Huang R, You Y, Zhang H, Xue H, Chen X. Associations of Macronutrients Intake With MRI-determined Hepatic Fat Content, Hepatic Fibroinflammation, and NAFLD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1660-e1669. [PMID: 37290038 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A healthy lifestyle is the cornerstone of management in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the associations between dietary macronutrient composition and different aspects of NAFLD pathology are unclear and dietary recommendations for NAFLD are lacking. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary macronutrient composition with hepatic steatosis, hepatic fibroinflammation, and NAFLD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 12 620 UK Biobank participants who completed both the dietary questionnaire and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were included in this study. Dietary consumption of macronutrient was self-reported and calculated. MRI-determined hepatic fat content, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD were estimated. RESULTS First, we found that saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was associated with higher hepatic steatosis, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD prevalence. In contrast, higher fiber or protein intake was reversely correlated with hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammation. Interestingly, starch or sugar intake was significantly associated with hepatic fibroinflammation, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake was negatively correlated with hepatic fibroinflammation. Isocaloric analysis revealed that replacing SFA with sugar, fiber, or protein was significantly associated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis, while replacing starch, sugar, or SFA with protein or MUFA was significantly correlated with a decrease in hepatic fibroinflammation. CONCLUSION Overall, our results demonstrate that specific macronutrients are associated with different aspects of NAFLD, and specific dietary compositions should be recommended for distinct NAFLD-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongliang Xue
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
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Lake JE, Taron J, Ribaudo HJ, Leon-Cruz J, Utay NS, Swaminathan S, Fitch KV, Kileel EM, Paradis K, Fulda ES, Ho KS, Luetkemeyer AF, Johnston CD, Zanni MV, Douglas PS, Grinspoon SK, Lu MT, Fichtenbaum CJ. Hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are common and associated with cardiometabolic risk in a primary prevention cohort of people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:2149-2159. [PMID: 37503623 PMCID: PMC10615699 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is common among people with HIV (PWH). We present baseline steatosis prevalence and cardiometabolic characteristics among REPRIEVE substudy participants. METHODS REPRIEVE is an international, primary cardiovascular disease prevention, randomized, controlled trial of pitavastatin calcium vs. placebo among 7769 PWH ages 40-75 years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk. A subset of participants underwent noncontrast computed tomography, with hepatic steatosis defined as mean hepatic attenuation less than 40 HU or liver/spleen ratio less than 1.0, and NAFLD defined as steatosis in the absence of frequent alcohol use or viral hepatitis. RESULTS Of 687 evaluable persons, median age was 51 years, BMI 27 kg/m 2 , CD4 + T-cell count 607 cells/μl; 17% natal female sex, 36% Black, 24% Hispanic, and 98% HIV-1 RNA less than 400 copies/ml. Hepatic steatosis prevalence was 22% (149/687), and NAFLD 21% (96/466). Steatosis/NAFLD prevalence was higher in men and with older age, non-Black race, and higher BMI and waist circumference. Both were associated with BMI greater than 30 kg/m 2 , metabolic syndrome components, higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score, HOMA-IR, LpPLA-2 and hs-CRP, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Of HIV-specific/ART-specific characteristics, only history of an AIDS-defining illness was more common among persons with steatosis/NAFLD. After adjusting for age, sex and race/ethnicity, BMI greater than 30 kg/m 2 , HOMA-IR greater than 2.0, Metabolic syndrome and each of its components were associated with NAFLD prevalence. CONCLUSION In this cohort with controlled HIV and low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk, hepatic steatosis and NAFLD were common and associated with clinically relevant metabolic and inflammatory disturbances but not current HIV-related or ART-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Lake
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jana Taron
- Department of Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather J Ribaudo
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge Leon-Cruz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Netanya S Utay
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shobha Swaminathan
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Kathleen V Fitch
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emma M Kileel
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kayla Paradis
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evelynne S Fulda
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ken S Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne F Luetkemeyer
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Markella V Zanni
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Fujito H, Fukamachi D, Ohgaku A, Kojima K, Murata N, Yoda S, Saito Y, Yamada A, Koyama Y, Arai R, Ebuchi Y, Monden M, Tamaki T, Kitano D, Okumura Y. Hepatic steatosis evidenced by computed tomography in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiol 2023; 82:414-422. [PMID: 37236437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have common pathological links. This study investigates the prognostic impact of NAFLD assessed as hepatic steatosis (HS) by computed tomography (CT) in AMI patients and explores the mechanistic role of NAFLD in cardiovascular (CV) events using coronary angioscopy (CAS). METHODS We retrospectively examined 342 AMI patients who underwent CT followed by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between January 2014 and December 2019. HS was defined as a hepatic to spleen attenuation ratio of <1.0 on CT scans. Major cardiac events (MCE) included cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization, and target-lesion revascularization. RESULTS HS was identified in 88 patients (26 %). Patients with HS were significantly younger, had a higher body mass index, and higher hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein levels (all p < 0.05). MCE occurred more frequently [27 (30.7 %) vs. 39 (15.4 %), p = 0.001] in the HS group than in the non-HS group. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of HS was an independent predictor of MCE after adjusting for metabolic risk factor and liver function markers. Among the 74 patients who underwent CAS for a median of 15 days after primary PCI, 51 (69 %) had intrastent thrombus, which was strongly associated with the presence of HS [18 (35 %) vs. 1 (4 %), p = 0.005]. CONCLUSIONS AMI patients with NAFLD detected by CT often had CAS-derived intrastent thrombi and were at a high risk for CV events. Therefore, these patients should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidesato Fujito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukamachi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akihito Ohgaku
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kojima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Murata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yoda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akimasa Yamada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riku Arai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ebuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Monden
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tamaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Biciusca T, Stan SI, Balteanu MA, Cioboata R, Ghenea AE, Danoiu S, Bumbea AM, Biciusca V. The Role of the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3316. [PMID: 37958212 PMCID: PMC10649095 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease worldwide, with a prevalence of 32%. It is much more common among men (40%) and among patients with metabolic comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Being an asymptomatic disease, the diagnosis is often established on the basis of imaging methods, with an important role given to abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In order to facilitate diagnosis, experts have introduced a series of blood biomarkers. Two biomarker panels are currently validated for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the fatty liver index, and the hepatic steatosis index. The fatty liver index has been in use in medical practice for over 17 years and has demonstrated its accuracy in various studies that compared it with other diagnostic methods, highlighted its role in screening patients with cardiovascular risk and validated the effects of different diets and drugs that are proposed for the treatment of the disease. In the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the fatty liver index is an important algorithm in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with metabolic risk. Taking into account the diversity of drugs to be approved in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the fatty liver index will become an effective tool in monitoring the effects of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Biciusca
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Sorina Ionelia Stan
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mara Amalia Balteanu
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ramona Cioboata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Alice Elena Ghenea
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ana-Maria Bumbea
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Viorel Biciusca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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22
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Kim J, Kim K. CT-based measurement of visceral adipose tissue volume as a reliable tool for assessing metabolic risk factors in prediabetes across subtypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17902. [PMID: 37864066 PMCID: PMC10589349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a well-established risk factor for the development of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes. We aimed to evaluate various adiposity and metabolic indices, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume measured by CT, in individuals with prediabetes, based on their different subtypes. This retrospective study included 78 prediabetes individuals aged ≥ 20 years whose VAT volumes were evaluated by CT. Individuals were classified into prediabetes subtypes: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined IFG and IGT (C-IFG/IGT). We conducted a comparison of the patients' adiposity indices and their associations with one other, as well as with insulin resistance, based on the different prediabetes subtypes. Individuals with C-IFG/IGT had higher levels of visceral obesity than those with IFG or IGT. VAT volume was more strongly associated with insulin resistance than other adiposity indices, regardless of prediabetes subtypes. Additionally, VAT volume and liver attenuation index showed a significant correlation with the other indices studied across the prediabetes subtypes. CT-based measurement of VAT volume may be a valuable tool for evaluating metabolic risk factors among individuals with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Song X, Wu H, Wang B, Sun H. Association of body fat and muscle tissue parameters with fatty liver disease identified by ultrasound. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:167. [PMID: 37794426 PMCID: PMC10548726 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between body fat and muscle parameters and FLD in individuals of Chinese descent. METHODS A total of 515 participants who underwent routine check-ups between November 2019 and August 2021 were reviewed. Based on ultrasound performance, the subjects were categorized into the non-FLD group and the FLD group. The prevalence of FLD in sex subgroups was analyzed using logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of body composition parameters with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS A total of 262 males and 253 females aged 20-84 years were reviewed. In both males and females, higher fat mass index (FMI) (OR: 1.989 for males vs. 1.389 for females), fat mass percent (FM%) (OR: 1.253 for males vs. 1.149 for females), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (OR: 1.002 for males vs. 1.002 for females), and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.530 for males vs. 1.247 for females)were associated with increased ORs of FLD while higher lean mass percent (LM%) (OR: 0.839 for males vs. 0.856 for females)was associated with decreased ORs of FLD. Despite accounting for confounding factors, the associations remained present. Logistic regression of the quartiles of the indices showed associations with the prevalence of FLD. The trends still existed even after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION Independently of age, lipid profiles and other confounders, lower VAT, FM, FMI, FM% and BMI tended to be associated with a lower prevalence of FLD, while lower LM% trended to be associated with a higher prevalence of FLD in both sexes of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Song
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjun Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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24
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Kobyliak N, Dynnyk O, Savytska M, Solodovnyk O, Zakomornyi O, Оmеlchenko O, Kushnir A, Titorenko R. Accuracy of attenuation coefficient measurement (ACM) for real-time ultrasound hepatic steatometry: Comparison of simulator/phantom data with magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Heliyon 2023; 9:e20642. [PMID: 37818006 PMCID: PMC10560839 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of real time ultrasound (US) steatometry with the Attenuation Coefficient (AC) measurement in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging with proton density software module (MRI-PDFF). Methods This study was conducted between January 2021 and October 2021. The comparison of instrumental methods for assessing and grading hepatic steatosis using a multimodal phantom simulator of different fat and water ratios was performed. The study involved 3 radiological centers. The steatophantom was simultaneously investigated using three methods: magnetic resonance imaging with proton density software module (MRI-PDFF) and 128-slice multidetector computed tomography, and then by 2 different US scanner for steatosis assessment via Measurement Attenuation Imaging (ATI) ant Attenuation Coefficient Measurement (ACM). Results Modeling of hepatic steatosis using a series of phantom simulators allows evidence-based medicine to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the latest US techniques for steatosis. The ACM and ATI of both US systems on phantoms correlated well with each other and with MRI-PDFF and, thus, can provide good diagnostic value in the assessment of hepatic steatosis. MDCT was less sensitive to mild steatosis than AC and MRI-PDFF. Conclusion Measurement of ACs in US studies by devices from different vendors compared to other modalities of radiological imaging (MDCT and MRI-PDFF) by special phantoms is an accurate and promising method for noninvasive quantification of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Medical Laboratory CSD, 03022, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Dynnyk
- Medical Center “Institute of elastography” LLC, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryana Savytska
- Normal Physiology Department, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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25
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Buitinga M, Veeraiah P, Haans F, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Ectopic lipid deposition in muscle and liver, quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2447-2459. [PMID: 37667838 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of noninvasive imaging techniques have spurred investigations into ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and muscle and its implications in the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Computed tomography and ultrasound have been applied in the past, though magnetic resonance-based methods are currently considered the gold standard as they allow more accurate quantitative detection of ectopic lipid stores. This review focuses on methodological considerations of magnetic resonance-based methods to image hepatic and muscle fat fractions, and it emphasizes anatomical and morphological aspects and how these may influence data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Scannexus (Ultra-High Field Imaging Center), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Haans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center and Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Heinitz S, Müller J, Jenderka KV, Schlögl H, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Blank V, Karlas T. The application of high-performance ultrasound probes increases anatomic depiction in obese patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16297. [PMID: 37770538 PMCID: PMC10539468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of obesity on abdominal ultrasound diagnostics and assessed effect of high-performance ultrasound probes increased imaging quality. Lean and obese subjects (n = 40; 58% female) were categorized according to body mass index (BMI, 21 to 48 kg/m2). A highly standardized ultrasound examination of the abdomen was performed by trained examiners using three different probes in randomized order (standard probe versus two high-performance probes). Quality of B-mode and duplex ultrasound were assessed using a custom scoring approach for depiction of liver and kidney anatomy and vascularization. Across probes, imaging quality of hepatic and kidney anatomy was inversely related with BMI (P < 0.03, r < - 0.35). Age, sex, and BMI explained 51% of the variance within the ultrasound quality score, with β = - 0.35, P < 0.0001 for BMI. Compared to the standard probe, high-performance probes allowed for a better depiction of kidney and liver anatomy in subjects above BMI 35 kg/m2 (n = 20, all P < 0.05), resulting in a less pronounced deterioration of imaging quality with increased BMI (all P < 0.05). In conclusion the study shows that obesity impairs ultrasound imaging quality of abdominal anatomy. The application of high-performance probes can increase anatomic depiction in obese patients.Registration number of the German Registry of Clinical Studies: DRKS00023498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Heinitz
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Müller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Vitold Jenderka
- Department of Physics, Sensor and Ultrasound Technology, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Strasse 2, 06217, Merseburg, Germany
| | - Haiko Schlögl
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentin Blank
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound, Department of Internal Medicine I, Halle University Medical Center, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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27
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Natarajan A, Daniel AR, Mangal RK, Stead TS, Ganti L. Geographic Liver. Cureus 2023; 15:e45563. [PMID: 37868471 PMCID: PMC10585187 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors present the case of a man with a relatively benign clinical presentation who had a computed tomography scan that revealed a "geographic liver" pattern. The radiologic appearance of hepatic steatosis, its significance, and its association with metabolic syndrome highlight the importance of this radiologic finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariya Natarajan
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | | | - Rohan K Mangal
- Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Thor S Stead
- Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Latha Ganti
- Medical Sciences, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
- Emergency Medicine & Neurology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
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28
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Khorrami M, Viswanathan VS, Reddy P, Braman N, Kunte S, Gupta A, Abraham J, Montero AJ, Madabhushi A. Radiomic predicts early response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:67. [PMID: 37567880 PMCID: PMC10421862 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) is the standard of care for hormone receptor-positive (HR + ), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Currently, there are no robust biomarkers that can predict response to CDK4/6i, and it is not clear which patients benefit from this therapy. Since MBC patients with liver metastases have a poorer prognosis, developing predictive biomarkers that could identify patients likely to respond to CDK4/6i is clinically important. Here we show the ability of imaging texture biomarkers before and a few cycles after CDK4/6i therapy, to predict early response and overall survival (OS) on 73 MBC patients with known liver metastases who received palbociclib plus ET from two sites. The delta radiomic model was associated with OS in validation set (HR: 2.4; 95% CI, 1.06-5.6; P = 0.035; C-index = 0.77). Compared to RECIST response, delta radiomic features predicted response with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.88. Our study revealed that radiomics features can predict a lack of response earlier than standard anatomic/RECIST 1.1 assessment and warrants further study and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyanka Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals/Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nathaniel Braman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Siddharth Kunte
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals/Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jame Abraham
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alberto J Montero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals/Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Han JM, Cho JH, Kim HI, Suh S, Lee YJ, Lee JW, Kim KM, Bae JC. Greater Severity of Steatosis Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:418-425. [PMID: 37435662 PMCID: PMC10475961 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Fatty liver is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate whether the severity of hepatic steatosis is associated with incident diabetes. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal analysis using data from 1,798 participants who underwent a comprehensive health checkup and abdominal computed tomography (CT). We assessed the association between baseline liver attenuation value on non-contrast CT images and risk of incident diabetes. All the participants were categorized into three groups based on the baseline liver attenuation value on non-contrast CT images: without hepatic steatosis (>57 Hounsfield unit [HU]), mild hepatic steatosis (41-57 HU), and moderate to severe hepatic steatosis (≤40 HU). RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 5 years, 6.0% of the study participants progressed to diabetes. The incidence of diabetes was 17.3% in the moderate to severe hepatic steatosis group, 9.0% in the mild steatosis group, and 2.9% in those without hepatic steatosis. In a multivariate adjustment model, as compared with participants without hepatic steatosis, those with moderate to severe steatosis had a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 4.2) for the development of diabetes, and those in the mild steatosis group had a HR of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.42 to 3.80). One standard deviation decrease in mean CT attenuation values of the liver was associated with a 40% increase in the development of diabetes (multivariate adjusted HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.63). CONCLUSION We found a positive association between severity of hepatic steatosis and risk of incident diabetes. Greater severity of steatosis was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hye In Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yu-Ji Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung Won Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kwang Min Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Cesaro A, De Michele G, Fimiani F, Acerbo V, Scherillo G, Signore G, Rotolo FP, Scialla F, Raucci G, Panico D, Gragnano F, Moscarella E, Scudiero O, Mennitti C, Calabrò P. Visceral adipose tissue and residual cardiovascular risk: a pathological link and new therapeutic options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1187735. [PMID: 37576108 PMCID: PMC10421666 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1187735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogeneous disease that affects almost one-third of the global population. A clear association has been established between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, CVD risk is known to be related more to the local distribution of fat than to total body fat. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular has a high impact on CVD risk. This manuscript reviews the role of VAT in residual CV risk and the available therapeutic strategies for decreasing residual CV risk related to VAT accumulation. Among the many pathways involved in residual CV risk, obesity and particularly VAT accumulation play a major role by generating low-grade systemic inflammation, which in turn has a high prognostic impact on all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction. In recent years, many therapeutic approaches have been developed to reduce body weight. Orlistat was shown to reduce both weight and VAT but has low tolerability and many drug-drug interactions. Naltrexone-bupropion combination lowers body weight but has frequent side effects and is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Liraglutide and semaglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, are the latest drugs approved for the treatment of obesity, and both have been shown to induce significant body weight loss. Liraglutide, semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists also showed a positive effect on CV outcomes in diabetic patients. In addition, liraglutide showed to specifically reduce VAT and inflammatory biomarkers in obese patients without diabetes. GLP-1 agonists are promising compounds to limit inflammation in human visceral adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianantonio De Michele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli “V. Monaldi”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Acerbo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Scherillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Rotolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Scialla
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raucci
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Domenico Panico
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
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Tan HC, Shumbayawonda E, Beyer C, Cheng LTE, Low A, Lim CH, Eng A, Chan WH, Lee PC, Tay MF, Kin S, Chang JPE, Bee YM, Goh GBB. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Elastography to Evaluate the Early Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Biomed Imaging 2023; 2023:4228321. [PMID: 37521027 PMCID: PMC10372298 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4228321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and reduces the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the long term. Less is known about the effects of bariatric surgery on liver fat, inflammation, and fibrosis during the early stages following bariatric surgery. Aims This exploratory study utilises advanced imaging methods to investigate NAFLD and fibrosis changes during the early metabolic transitional period following bariatric surgery. Methods Nine participants with morbid obesity underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) were performed at baseline, during the immediate (1 month), and late (6 months) postsurgery period. Liver fat was measured using proton density fat fraction (PDFF), disease activity using iron-correct T1 (cT1), and liver stiffness using MRE. Repeated measured ANOVA was used to assess longitudinal changes and Dunnett's method for multiple comparisons. Results All participants (Age 45.1 ± 9.0 years, BMI 39.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2) had elevated hepatic steatosis at baseline (PDFF >5%). In the immediate postsurgery period, PDFF decreased significantly from 14.1 ± 7.4% to 8.9 ± 4.4% (p = 0.016) and cT1 from 826.9 ± 80.6 ms to 768.4 ± 50.9 ms (p = 0.047). These improvements continued to the later postsurgery period. Bariatric surgery did not reduce liver stiffness measurements. Conclusion Our findings support using MRI as a noninvasive tool to monitor NAFLD in patient with morbid obesity during the early stages following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alvin Eng
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Timaná J, Chahuara H, Basavarajappa L, Basarab A, Hoyt K, Lavarello R. Simultaneous imaging of ultrasonic relative backscatter and attenuation coefficients for quantitative liver steatosis assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8898. [PMID: 37264043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of liver disease is continuously increasing and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common etiology. We present an approach to detect the progression of liver steatosis based on quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging. This study was performed on a group of 55 rats that were subjected to a control or methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet known to induce NAFLD. Ultrasound (US) measurements were performed at 2 and 6 weeks. Thereafter, animals were humanely euthanized and livers excised for histological analysis. Relative backscatter and attenuation coefficients were simultaneously estimated from the US data and envelope signal-to-noise ratio was calculated to train a regression model for: (1) fat fraction percentage estimation and (2) performing classification according to Brunt's criteria in grades (0 <5%; 1, 5-33%; 2, >33-66%; 3, >66%) of liver steatosis. The trained regression model achieved an [Formula: see text] of 0.97 (p-value < 0.01) and a RMSE of 3.64. Moreover, the classification task reached an accuracy of 94.55%. Our results suggest that in vivo QUS is a promising noninvasive imaging modality for the early assessment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Timaná
- Laboratorio de Imágenes Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector Chahuara
- Laboratorio de Imágenes Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Lokesh Basavarajappa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Adrian Basarab
- INSA-Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220 U1294, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Lavarello
- Laboratorio de Imágenes Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
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Gopal P, Krishnan SK, Malleswaran S, Srinivas S, Mouleeswaran S, Patcha R, Varghese J, Reddy MS. Novel radiological technique to recognize acute liver failure caused by yellow phosphorous containing rodenticides. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:425-430. [PMID: 37145234 PMCID: PMC10161160 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Yellow phosphorous rodenticide (YPR) poisoning is the commonest cause for acute liver failure (ALF) in southern and western India. Due to medicolegal issues, history of YPR ingestion may not be available. As early recognition of YPR poisoning is important and there are no specific biochemical assays, other early predictors to identify this entity is necessary. We evaluated the diagnostic role of plain computed tomography (CT) in identifying YPR-induced ALF. All patients admitted to the liver unit with a diagnosis of ALF underwent a plain CT scan abdomen. Demographic details, clinical history, laboratory parameters, liver attenuation index (LAI) calculated on CT scan, treatment details, need for liver transplantation and clinical outcome were analyzed. Parameters for YPR-induced ALF (ALF-YPR) and other causes (ALF-OTH) were compared. Ability of LAI to distinguish ALF-YPR and ALF-OTH was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Twenty-four patients (15 female [62.5%]) were included in the study. Thirteen patients (54%) had YPR poisoning, while the rest formed the ALF-OTH group (11,46%). ALF-YPR patients had higher transaminase levels, lower peak serum bilirubin levels. ALF-YPR livers had significantly lower LAI as compared to ALF-OTH (- 30 vs. - 8, p = 0.001). On ROC curve analysis, an LAI greater than - 18 ruled out YPR as the cause for ALF with 91% sensitivity and 85% specificity. On regression analysis, LAI was the only independent factor predicting ALF-YPR (odds ratio - 0.86, [0.76, 0.96] p = 0.008). Our data shows that LAI on plain abdominal CT scan can be used to quickly recognize ALF-YPR in unclear cases so that necessary treatment protocol can be activated, or patient transfer arranged. Our analysis shows that an LAI greater than - 18 can reliably rule out YPR ingestion as the cause for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Gopal
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Krishnan
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Selvakumar Malleswaran
- Department of Liver Anesthesia and Critical Care, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Sripriya Srinivas
- Department of Radiology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | | | - Rajanikanth Patcha
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Joy Varghese
- Department of Hepatology and Transplant Hepatology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600 100, India.
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Haq A, Fraum TJ, Tao Y, Dehdashti F, LeBlanc M, Hoegger MJ, Luo J, Weilbaecher K, Peterson LL. Frequency of Hepatic Metastatic Disease in Patients with Stage IV Breast Cancer Is Similar for Steatotic and Non-Steatotic Livers. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2023; 17:11782234231166476. [PMID: 37181949 PMCID: PMC10170590 DOI: 10.1177/11782234231166476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease; diagnosis at an early stage renders it potentially curable, whereas advanced metastatic disease carries a worse prognosis. Objectives To investigate whether hepatic steatosis (HS) is associated with liver metastases in patients with newly diagnosed stage IV female breast cancer patients (either de novo metastatic breast cancer or recurrent metastatic breast cancer) using non-contrast computed tomography (CT) as a marker of HS. Design Retrospective analysis. Methods We retrospectively identified 168 patients with stage IV breast cancer with suitable imaging from a prospectively maintained oncologic database. Three radiologists manually defined hepatic regions of interest on non-contrast CT images, and attenuation data were extracted. HS was defined as a mean attenuation <48 Hounsfield units. The frequency of hepatic metastatic disease was calculated for patient with and without HS. Relationships between HS and various patient (age, body mass index, race) and tumor (hormone receptor status, HER2 status, tumor grade) characteristics were also analyzed. Results There were 4 patients with liver metastasis in the HS group (41 patients) versus 20 patients with liver metastases in the non-HS group (127 patients). The difference in frequencies of liver metastases among patients with (9.8%) versus without (15.7%) hepatic steatosis (odds ratio = 1.72 [0.53-7.39]) was not statistically significant (P = .45). Body mass index was significantly higher (P = .01) among patients with hepatic steatosis (32.2 ± 7.3 vs 28.8 ± 7.1 kg/m2). Otherwise, there were no significant differences between patients with versus without HS with respect to regarding age, race, hormone receptor status, HER2 status, or tumor grade. Conclusion The frequency of hepatic metastatic disease in patients with stage IV breast cancer is similar for steatotic and non-steatotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Haq
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maverick LeBlanc
- Department of Radiology, Ochsner Medical Center, Jefferson, LA, USA
| | - Mark J Hoegger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Weilbaecher
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsay L Peterson
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Li J, Lu H, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhao Q. Comprehensive Approach to Assessment of Liver Viability During Normothermic Machine Perfusion. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:466-479. [PMID: 36643041 PMCID: PMC9817053 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment of advanced liver disease, and the use of extended criteria donor organs has broadened the source of available livers. Although normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has become a useful tool in liver transplantation, there are no consistent criteria that can be used to evaluate the viability of livers during NMP. This review summarizes the criteria, indicators, and methods used to evaluate liver viability during NMP. The shape, appearance, and hemodynamics of the liver can be analyzed at a macroscopic level, while markers of liver injury, indicators of liver and bile duct function, and other relevant indicators can be evaluated by biochemical analysis. The liver can also be assessed by tissue biopsy at the microscopic level. Novel methods for assessment of liver viability are introduced. The limitations of evaluating liver viability during NMP are discussed and suggestions for future clinical practice are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiang Zhao
- Correspondence to: Qiang Zhao, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-1393. Tel: +86-15989196835, E-mail:
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Liu Y, Wang C. An efficient 3D reconstruction method based on WT-TV denoising for low-dose CT images. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:463-475. [PMID: 37038798 DOI: 10.3233/thc-236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to reduce the impact of CT radiation, low-dose CT is often used, but low-dose CT will bring more noise, affecting image quality and subsequent 3D reconstruction results. OBJECTIVE The study presents a reconstruction method based on wavelet transform-total variation (WT-TV) for low-dose CT. METHODS First, the low-dose CT images were denoised using WT and TV denoising methods. The WT method could preserve the features, and the TV method could preserve the edges and structures. Second, the two sets of denoised images were fused so that the features, edges, and structures could be preserved at the same time. Finally, FBP reconstruction was performed to obtain the final 3D reconstruction result. RESULTS The results show that The WT-TV method can effectively denoise low-dose CT and improve the clarity and accuracy of 3D reconstruction models. CONCLUSION Compared with other reconstruction methods, the proposed reconstruction method successfully addressed the issue of low-dose CT noising by further denoising the CT images before reconstruction. The denoising effect of low-dose CT images and the 3D reconstruction model were compared via experiments.
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Qin ZW, Ren QN, Zhang HX, Liu YR, Huang K, Wu W, Dong GP, Ni Y, Fu JF. Development and validation of a novel non-invasive test for diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children. World J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s12519-023-00704-y. [PMID: 37004681 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the exploding prevalence of obesity, many children are at risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Using anthropometric and laboratory parameters, our study aimed to develop a model to quantitatively evaluate liver fat content (LFC) in children with obesity. METHODS A well-characterized cohort of 181 children between 5 and 16 years of age were recruited to the study in the Endocrinology Department as the derivation cohort. The external validation cohort comprised 77 children. The assessment of liver fat content was performed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anthropometry and laboratory metrics were measured in all subjects. B-ultrasound examination was carried out in the external validation cohort. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman bivariate correlation analyses, univariable linear regressions and multivariable linear regression were used to build the optimal predictive model. RESULTS The model was based on indicators including alanine aminotransferase, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides, waist circumference and Tanner stage. The adjusted R2 of the model was 0.589, which presented high sensitivity and specificity both in internal [sensitivity of 0.824, specificity of 0.900, area under curve (AUC) of 0.900 with a 95% confidence interval: 0.783-1.000] and external validation (sensitivity of 0.918 and specificity of 0.821, AUC of 0.901 with a 95% confidence interval: 0.818-0.984). CONCLUSIONS Our model based on five clinical indicators was simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive; it had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting LFC in children. Thus, it may be useful for identifying children with obesity who are at risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Wen Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qian-Nan Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Hong-Xi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Ya-Ru Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Guan-Ping Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jun-Fen Fu
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's HospitalDepartment of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Naume MM, Jørgensen MH, Høi-Hansen CE, Born AP, Vissing J, Borgwardt L, Staerk DMR, Ørngreen MC. Metabolic assessment in children with neuromuscular disorders shows risk of liver enlargement, steatosis and fibrosis. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:846-853. [PMID: 36579362 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to conduct a metabolic and nutritional assessment of children with neuromuscular disorders, including the investigation of the liver and bone mineral density. METHODS In this observational study, we included 44 children with neuromuscular disorders. The nutritional status, bone health and liver were assessed by ultrasound, transient elastography, dual X-ray absorptiometry scan, blood samples, anthropometric measurements and 3-day diet registration. RESULTS Liver involvement was found in 31.0%: liver enlargement in 7.1%, steatosis in 4.8%, fibrosis in 14.3% and liver enlargement together with steatosis or fibrosis was found in 4.8%. These changes were found in 9/23 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 4/9 patients with spinal muscular atrophy type II and 0/12 patients with other neuromuscular diagnoses. Low bone mineral density was found in 44.0% of the patients, though the majority used daily vitamin D and calcium supplements. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was found in 22.6%. CONCLUSION The metabolic assessment in children with neuromuscular disorders shows an increased risk of liver enlargement, steatosis and fibrosis. Possible causes are obesity, decreased mobility, low skeletal muscle mass and for a subgroup the use of glucocorticoids. The findings suggest that monitoring liver function should be part of the nutritional assessment in patients with neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mostue Naume
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hørby Jørgensen
- Department of Paediatrics and adolescent medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Engel Høi-Hansen
- Department of Paediatrics and adolescent medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alfred Peter Born
- Department of Paediatrics and adolescent medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Borgwardt
- Department of Clinical physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Cathrine Ørngreen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics and adolescent medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tsai HJ, Hung WC, Hung WW, Lee YJ, Chen YC, Lee CY, Tsai YC, Dai CY. Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071712. [PMID: 37049552 PMCID: PMC10097193 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health concern. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD has been related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the relationship between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and NAFLD severity is ambiguous in T2D subjects. This study aimed to explore the association of SCFAs with the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. (2) Methods: We employed echography to examine the severity of hepatic steatosis. The serum levels of nine SCFAs, namely, formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, methylbutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and methylvalerate, were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. (3) Results: A total of 259 T2D patients was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Of these participants, 117 with moderate to severe NAFLD had lower levels of formate, isobutyrate, and methylbutyrate than the 142 without NAFLD or with mild NAFLD. Lower circulating levels of isobutyrate and methylbutyrate were associated with an increased severity of NAFLD. A relationship between NAFLD severity and circulating isobutyrate and methylbutyrate levels was found independently of a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level of 7.0%. (4) Conclusion: Circulating levels of isobutyrate and methylbutyrate were significantly and negatively correlated with NAFLD severity in the enrolled T2D patients. SCFAs may be related to NAFLD severity in T2D patients.
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Takakusagi MN, Zhang R, Thomas BJI, Yoon HC. Computerized Tomography-Based Screening for Moderate to Severe Hepatic Steatosis in a Multiethnic Population. Perm J 2023; 27:21-27. [PMID: 36891646 PMCID: PMC10013719 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/22.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Data on prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Hawaii is limited. This study determined the prevalence of moderate to severe hepatic steatosis within a multicultural, multiethnic, and multiracial cohort in Hawaii undergoing computerized tomography (CT) for reasons unrelated to fatty liver disease. Methods The authors performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who were members of an integrated health care system with CT scans including the liver between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Moderate to severe hepatic steatosis was determined by an average attenuation value < 40 Hounsfield units for non-contrast-enhanced CT and a mean attenuation value < 90 Hounsfield units for contrast-enhanced CT. Patients' electronic medical records were reviewed for existing diagnoses of hepatic steatosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus type 2 and data to calculate a Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. Results Approximately 26.6% had moderate to severe hepatic steatosis, while only 11.3% of those patients had an active diagnosis of fatty liver disease. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (33.1%) had the greatest prevalence of hepatic steatosis, followed by White people (28.4%), Asian people (27.7%), and other ethnicities (10.8%). About 61.4% patients with fatty liver had a diagnosis of obesity, while 33.4% had a body mass index < 30.0 kg/m2. Finally, 86.2% patients had enough information in their electronic medical records from which to calculate a FIB-4 score and the mean FIB-4 index was 1.66 ± 3.50. Conclusions Moderate to severe hepatic steatosis is common among patients undergoing CT studies for reasons not related to hepatic steatosis in this multiethnic population most of whom did not have a diagnosis of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Hyo-Chun Yoon
- Diagnostic Imaging, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Boraschi P, Donati F, Ambrosini I, Bruni L, Mazzeo ML, Tintori R, Tonerini M, Neri E. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology of the GI Tract, Liver, and Pancreas in Patients with COVID. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:185-200. [PMID: 36813425 PMCID: PMC9626443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pulmonary involvement has been extensively reported in the literature. Current data highlight how COVID-19 is a systemic disease, affecting many other organs, including the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic organs. Recently, these organs have been investigated using imaging modalities of ultrasound and particularly computed tomography. Radiological findings of the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic involvement in patients with COVID-19 are generally nonspecific but are nonetheless helpful to evaluate and manage COVID-19 patients with involvement of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Boraschi
- 2nd Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Francescamaria Donati
- 2nd Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ambrosini
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Luciana Bruni
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Mazzeo
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rachele Tintori
- 2nd Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Tonerini
- Unit of Emergency Radiology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Emanuele Neri
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
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Prinz S, Murray JM, Strack C, Nattenmüller J, Pomykala KL, Schlemmer HP, Badde S, Kleesiek J. Novel measures for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis using contrast-enhanced computer tomography images. Eur J Radiol 2023; 160:110708. [PMID: 36724687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic steatosis is often diagnosed non-invasively. Various measures and accompanying diagnostic thresholds based on contrast-enhanced CT and virtual non-contrast images have been proposed. We compare these established criteria to novel and fully automated measures. METHOD CT data sets of 197 patients were analyzed. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn for the liver, spleen, portal vein, and aorta to calculate four established measures of liver-fat. Two novel measures capturing the deviation between the empirical distributions of HU measurements across all voxels within the liver and spleen were calculated. These measures were calculated with both manual ROIs and using fully automated organ segmentations. Agreement between the different measures was evaluated using correlational analysis, as well as their ability to discriminate between fatty and healthy liver. RESULTS Established and novel measures of fatty liver were at a high level of agreement. Novel methods were statistically indistinguishable from the established ones when taking established diagnostic thresholds or physicians' diagnoses as ground truth and this high performance level persisted for automatically selected ROIs. CONCLUSION Automatically generated organ segmentations led to comparable results as manual ROIs, suggesting that the implementation of automated methods can prove to be a valuable tool for incidental diagnosis. Differences in the distribution of HU measurements across voxels between liver and spleen can serve as surrogate markers for the liver-fat-content. Novel measures do not exhibit a measurable disadvantage over established methods based on simpler measures such as across-voxel averages in a population with low incidence of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Prinz
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jacob M Murray
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM), University Medicine Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Strack
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Nattenmüller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kelsey L Pomykala
- Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM), University Medicine Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Badde
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 02511 Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jens Kleesiek
- Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM), University Medicine Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Sites Heidelberg and Essen, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen, West German Cancer Center Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Tahmasebi A, Wang S, Wessner CE, Vu T, Liu JB, Forsberg F, Civan J, Guglielmo FF, Eisenbrey JR. Ultrasound-Based Machine Learning Approach for Detection of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023. [PMID: 36807314 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) relies on biopsy or MR-based fat quantification. This prospective study explored the use of ultrasound with artificial intelligence for the detection of NAFLD. METHODS One hundred and twenty subjects with clinical suspicion of NAFLD and 10 healthy volunteers consented to participate in this institutional review board-approved study. Subjects were categorized as NAFLD and non-NAFLD according to MR proton density fat fraction (PDFF) findings. Ultrasound images from 10 different locations in the right and left hepatic lobes were collected following a standard protocol. MRI-based liver fat quantification was used as the reference standard with >6.4% indicative of NAFLD. A supervised machine learning model was developed for assessment of NAFLD. To validate model performance, a balanced testing dataset of 24 subjects was used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy with 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS A total of 1119 images from 106 participants was used for model development. The internal evaluation achieved an average precision of 0.941, recall of 88.2%, and precision of 89.0%. In the testing set AutoML achieved a sensitivity of 72.2% (63.1%-80.1%), specificity of 94.6% (88.7%-98.0%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.1% (86.0%-96.7%), negative predictive value of 77.3% (71.6%-82.1%), and accuracy of 83.4% (77.9%-88.0%). The average agreement for an individual subject was 92%. CONCLUSIONS An ultrasound-based machine learning model for identification of NAFLD showed high specificity and PPV in this prospective trial. This approach may in the future be used as an inexpensive and noninvasive screening tool for identifying NAFLD in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Tahmasebi
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corinne E Wessner
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trang Vu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jesse Civan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Flavius F Guglielmo
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Three segments sampling strategy for the assessment of liver steatosis using magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction. Eur J Radiol 2023; 159:110653. [PMID: 36563563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aims to determine the best liver segments representing the whole-liver fat fraction (FF) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measurement of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF). METHOD This retrospective study included 989 adult subjects who underwent MRI-PDFF from March 2018 to January 2021. Three regions of interest (ROI) were measured and averaged for each hepatic segment and the volume-weighted hepatic FF was calculated. Intrahepatic fat variability was assessed by standard deviation between all ROIs. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were done for the factors associated with intrahepatic fat variability among clinical characteristics, blood parameters and the volume-weighted FF. The arithmetic means of specific hepatic segments that were the closest to the volume-weighted FF were identified in all subjects and those with moderate or severe fatty liver. RESULTS The volume-weighted FF was 8.18% and variability was 1.33%. Volume-weighted FF was the only associated factor with intrahepatic variability. The arithmetic mean of segments V, VI, and IV was closest to the volume-weighted FF in all subjects and in subjects with moderate or severe fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS There was considerable heterogeneity in hepatic steatosis between each segment of the liver, and the variability was significantly affected by the volume-weighted FF. The mean hepatic FF from segments V, VI, and IV could be used to estimate the volume-weighted FF of the whole liver, not only in the general population but also in patients with moderate or severe fatty liver.
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Fasoula NA, Karlas A, Prokopchuk O, Katsouli N, Bariotakis M, Liapis E, Goetz A, Kallmayer M, Reber J, Novotny A, Friess H, Ringelhan M, Schmid R, Eckstein HH, Hofmann S, Ntziachristos V. Non-invasive multispectral optoacoustic tomography resolves intrahepatic lipids in patients with hepatic steatosis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100454. [PMID: 36794122 PMCID: PMC9922962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by intrahepatic lipid accumulation and may lead to irreversible liver damage if untreated. Here, we investigate whether multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) can offer label-free detection of liver lipid content to enable non-invasive characterization of hepatic steatosis by analyzing the spectral region around 930 nm, where lipids characteristically absorb. In a pilot study, we apply MSOT to measure liver and surrounding tissues in five patients with liver steatosis and five healthy volunteers, revealing significantly higher absorptions at 930 nm in the patients, while no significant difference was observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the two groups. We further corroborated the human observations with corresponding MSOT measurements in high fat diet (HFD) - and regular chow diet (CD)-fed mice. This study introduces MSOT as a potential non-invasive and portable technique for detecting/monitoring hepatic steatosis in clinical settings, providing justification for larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina-Alexia Fasoula
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Katsouli
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michail Bariotakis
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Liapis
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Goetz
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kallmayer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Novotny
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Hofmann
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Efficacy of Submicron Dispersible Free Phytosterols on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030979. [PMID: 36769628 PMCID: PMC9918217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No pharmacological treatment is yet approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Plant sterols have shown healthy properties beyond lowering LDL-cholesterol, including lowering triglycerides and lipoprotein plasma levels. Despite pre-clinical data suggesting their involvement in liver fat control, no clinical study has yet been successful. AIMS Testing a sub-micron, free, phytosterol dispersion efficacy on NAFLD. METHODS A prospective, uncontrolled pilot study was carried out on 26 patients with ≥17.4% liver steatosis quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects consumed daily a sub-micron dispersion providing 2 g of phytosterols. Liver fat, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, liver enzymes, glycemia, insulinemia, phytosterols, liposoluble vitamins and C-reactive protein were assessed at baseline and after one year of treatment. RESULTS Liver steatosis relative change was -19%, and 27% of patients reduced liver fat by more than 30%. Statistically and clinically significant improvements in plasma triglycerides, HDL-C, VLDL and HDL particle number and C-reactive protein were obtained, despite the rise of aspartate aminotransferase, glycemia and insulinemia. Though phytosterol plasma levels were raised by >30%, no adverse effects were presented, and even vitamin D increased by 23%. CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first evidence in humans of the efficacy of submicron dispersible phytosterols for the treatment of liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and inflammatory status in NAFLD.
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Rana M, Saini M, Das R, Gupta S, Joshi T, Mehta DK. Circulating MicroRNAs: Diagnostic Value as Biomarkers in the Detection of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Microrna 2023; 12:99-113. [PMID: 37005546 DOI: 10.2174/2211536612666230330083146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic-related disorder, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease which, if left untreated, can progress from simple steatosis to advanced fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the leading cause of hepatic damage globally. Currently available diagnostic modalities for NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma are mostly invasive and of limited precision. A liver biopsy is the most widely used diagnostic tool for hepatic disease. But due to its invasive procedure, it is not practicable for mass screening. Thus, noninvasive biomarkers are needed to diagnose NAFLD and HCC, monitor disease progression, and determine treatment response. Various studies indicated that serum miRNAs could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for both NAFLD and HCC diagnosis because of their association with different histological features of the disease. Although microRNAs are promising and clinically useful biomarkers for hepatic diseases, larger standardization procedures and studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Rana
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Rina Das
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Tanishq Joshi
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
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Zheng Y, Yang S, Chen X, Lv J, Su J, Yu S. The Correlation between Type 2 Diabetes and Fat Fraction in Liver and Pancreas: A Study using MR Dixon Technique. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:7073647. [PMID: 36685051 PMCID: PMC9822734 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7073647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective The increased obesity results in ectopic fat deposits in liver and pancreas, which will affect insulin resistance and elevated plasma glucose with type 2 diabetes. To assess the relationship between obesity and ectopic fat deposits and diabetes, this study used the MR Dixon method for the quantification of liver and pancreas fat fraction (FF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy controls. Methods The FF of whole liver (FFWL) and pancreas (FFWP), the maximum diameters of the pancreas, the abdominal subcutaneous adipose area (SAT), the visceral adipose tissue area (VAT), and the total abdominal adipose tissue area (TAT) were measured for 157 subjects using the MR Dixon data. Four groups were established on the basis of BMI value. For statistics, intra- and intergroup comparisons were made by employing independent sample t-test. Results FFWL, FFWP, and VAT varied significantly between T2DM (BMI < 25) and control group (BMI < 25), T2DM (BMI ≥ 25) and control group (BMI ≥ 25), T2DM (BMI < 25) and T2DM (BMI ≥ 25) (all P < 0.05). The FF of pancreas tail, SAT, and TAT varied significantly between control group (BMI < 25) and control group (BMI ≥ 25) (P < 0.05). FFWP and the FF of pancreas tail varied significantly between T2DM and normal volunteers (P < 0.05), with normal or mild liver fat content. Conclusion The tissue FF, which has a close relationship with T2DM, can be assessed by the MR Dixon technique. T2DM patients should pay attention to tissue fat content regardless of BMI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengsheng Yang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianyuan Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieqin Lv
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Su
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
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Updates on Quantitative MRI of Diffuse Liver Disease: A Narrative Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1147111. [PMID: 36619303 PMCID: PMC9812615 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1147111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse liver diseases are highly prevalent conditions around the world, including pathological liver changes that occur when hepatocytes are damaged and liver function declines, often leading to a chronic condition. In the last years, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is reaching an important role in the study of diffuse liver diseases moving from qualitative to quantitative assessment of liver parenchyma. In fact, this can allow noninvasive accurate and standardized assessment of diffuse liver diseases and can represent a concrete alternative to biopsy which represents the current reference standard. MRI approach already tested for other pathologies include diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and radiomics, able to quantify different aspects of diffuse liver disease. New emerging MRI quantitative methods include MR elastography (MRE) for the quantification of the hepatic stiffness in cirrhotic patients, dedicated gradient multiecho sequences for the assessment of hepatic fat storage, and iron overload. Thus, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the technical principles and clinical application of new quantitative MRI techniques for the evaluation of diffuse liver disease.
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50
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Lessons on Drug Development: A Literature Review of Challenges Faced in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010158. [PMID: 36613602 PMCID: PMC9820446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, occurring in both obese and lean patients. It can lead to life-threatening liver diseases and nonhepatic complications, such as cirrhosis and cardiovascular diseases, that burden public health and the health care system. Current care is weight loss through diet and exercise, which is a challenging goal to achieve. However, there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for NAFLD. This review thoroughly examines the clinical trial findings from 22 drugs (Phase 2 and above) and evaluates the future direction that trials should take for further drug development. These trialed drugs can broadly be categorized into five groups-hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, bile-pathway, anti-inflammatory, and others, which include nutraceuticals. The multitude of challenges faced in these yet-to-be-approved NAFLD drug trials provided insight into a few areas of improvement worth considering. These include drug repurposing, combinations, noninvasive outcomes, standardization, adverse event alleviation, and the need for precision medicine with more extensive consideration of NAFLD heterogenicity in drug trials. Understandably, every evolution of the drug development landscape lies with its own set of challenges. However, this paper believes in the importance of always learning from lessons of the past, with each potential improvement pushing clinical trials an additional step forward toward discovering appropriate drugs for effective NAFLD management.
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