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Permatasari HK, Abshori NF, Syahputra RA, Harahap U, Amalia N, Kumalawati DA, Mayulu N, Taslim NA, Tallei TE, Tjandrawinata RR, Wiyarta E, Pramono A, Kim B, Tsopmo A, Serra-Majem L, Nurkolis F. Novel Functional Food Properties of Forest Onion ( Eleutherine bulbosa Merr.) Phytochemicals for Treating Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights from a Combined Computational and In Vitro Approach. Nutrients 2024; 16:1441. [PMID: 38794679 PMCID: PMC11124081 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a global health problem. The use of functional foods as dietary components has been increasing. One food of interest is forest onion extract (FOE). This study aimed to investigate the effect of FOE on lipid and glucose metabolism in silico and in vitro using the 3T3-L1 mouse cell line. This was a comprehensive study that used a multi-modal computational network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking in silico and 3T3-L1 mouse cells in vitro. The phytochemical components of FOE were analyzed using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Next, an in silico analysis was performed to determine FOE's bioactive compounds, and a toxicity analysis, protein target identification, network pharmacology, and molecular docking were carried out. FOE's effect on pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition was determined. Finally, we determined its effect on lipid accumulation and MAPK8, PPARG, HMGCR, CPT-1, and GLP1 expression in the preadipocyte 3T3-L1 mouse cell line. We showed that the potential metabolites targeted glucose and lipid metabolism in silico and that FOE inhibited pancreatic lipase levels, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase in vitro. Furthermore, FOE significantly (p < 0.05) inhibits targeted protein expressions of MAPK8, PPARG, HMGCR, CPT-1, and GLP-1 in vitro in 3T3-L1 mouse cells in a dose-dependent manner. FOE contains several metabolites that reduce pancreatic lipase levels, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and targeted proteins associated with lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nuril Farid Abshori
- Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim), Malang 65144, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Nurlinah Amalia
- Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65151, Indonesia
| | - Dian Aruni Kumalawati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia (F.N.)
| | - Nelly Mayulu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Muhammadiyah Manado University, Manado 95249, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Elvan Wiyarta
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Adriyan Pramono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science Program, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia (F.N.)
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Wang Y, Ren J, Ren S. Larsucosterol: endogenous epigenetic regulator for treating chronic and acute liver diseases. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E577-E587. [PMID: 38381400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Larsucosterol, a potent endogenous epigenetic regulator, has been reported to play a significant role in lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell survival. The administration of larsucosterol has demonstrated a reduction in lipid accumulation within hepatocytes and the attenuation of inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα in macrophages, alleviating LPS- and acetaminophen (ATMP)-induced multiple organ injury, and decreasing mortalities in animal models. Results from phase 1 and 2 clinical trials have shown that larsucosterol has potential as a biomedicine for the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence suggests that larsucosterol is a promising candidate for treating alcohol-associated hepatitis with positive results from a phase 2a clinical trial, and for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) from a phase 1b clinical trial. In this review, we present a culmination of our recent research efforts spanning two decades. We summarize the discovery, physiological and pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications of larsucosterol. Furthermore, we elucidate the pathophysiological pathways of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and acute liver injuries. A central focus of the review is the exploration of the therapeutic potential of larsucosterol in treating life-threatening conditions, including acetaminophen overdose, endotoxin shock, MASLD, MASH, hepatectomy, and alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jenna Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Shunlin Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Ali Bader K, Maatook MA, Zaboon IA. Metabolic syndrome distribution based on diagnostic criteria and family history among adults in Al-Basra, Iraq. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2766. [PMID: 37859705 PMCID: PMC10583497 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of cardiovascular risk factors induced by insulin resistance and an inflammatory state that increases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Objective The study aims to determine the distribution of MetS by diagnostic criteria and family history among adults in Al- Basra province, southern Iraq. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Al- Fiaha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) from October 2nd, 2022, to May 1st, 2023. Following ethical approval, data was obtained using a pre-tested questionnaire. All patient information was obtained from direct interviews as well as FDEMC's digital records, which controlled patient data via a Microsoft Access program and an internal network. Results This study included 476 people, aged 19 to 89. The sample had an equal number of males and females (238). MetS was identified in 247 people in the entire sample using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The proportion of participants with a family history was as follows: obesity (30.0%), hypertension (44.1%), diabetes mellitus (46.6%), and cardiovascular disease (9.3%). The diagnostic criteria for MetS were as follows: high wc (94.3%), elevated glucose (69.6%), reduced highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) (80.2%), elevated TG (40.5%), and hypertension (71.7%). Controlled on glycemic status (21.1%), hypertension (61.9%), and lipids (44.1%). Conclusion Large wc, reduced HDL, and family histories of obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular disease are the most important risk factors for MetS. Participants with MetS have difficulties controlling their blood sugar, but they regulate the other MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamail Ali Bader
- Department of Community Health Techniques, College of Health & Medical Technologies, Basrah, Southern Technical University
| | - Majid A. Maatook
- Department of Community Health Techniques, College of Health & Medical Technologies, Basrah, Southern Technical University
| | - Ibrahim A. Zaboon
- Al-Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, Al-Basra Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Iraq
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Wal P, Rathore S, Aziz N, Singh YK, Gupta A. Aortic stenosis: a review on acquired pathogenesis and ominous combination with diabetes mellitus. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:26. [PMID: 37027109 PMCID: PMC10082141 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease, with no pharmacological treatment. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among AS patients is higher than in the general population. DM significantly increases the risk of AS development and progression from mild to severe. The interplay between AS and DM's mechanism is not entirely known yet. MAIN BODY The increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was linked to increased valvular oxidative stress, inflammation, expression of coagulation factors, and signs of calcification, according to an analysis of aortic stenotic valves. It is interesting to note that in diabetic AS patients, valvular inflammation did not correlate with serum glucose levels but rather only with long-term glycemic management markers like glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which has been shown to be safer than surgical aortic valve replacement, is advantageous for AS patients who also have concurrent diabetes. Additionally, novel anti-diabetic medications have been proposed to lower the risk of AS development in DM patients, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that target reduction of AGEs-mediated oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS There are little data on the effects of hyperglycemia on valvular calcification, but understanding the interactions between them is essential to develop a successful treatment strategy to stop or at least slow the progression of AS in DM patients. There is a link among AS and DM and that DM negatively impacts the quality of life and longevity of AS patients. The sole successful treatment, despite ongoing efforts to find new therapeutic modalities, involves aortic valve replacement. More research is required to find methods that can slow the advancement of these conditions, enhancing the prognosis and course of people with AS and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
| | - Shruti Rathore
- LCIT School of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495220, India
| | - Namra Aziz
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Yash Kumar Singh
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
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Redondo-Castillejo R, Garcimartín A, Hernández-Martín M, López-Oliva ME, Bocanegra A, Macho-González A, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Proanthocyanidins: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Action Mechanisms in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065369. [PMID: 36982444 PMCID: PMC10049473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, which increase the probability of causing premature mortality. The consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) is a major driver of the rising incidence of MS. In fact, the altered interplay between HFD, microbiome, and the intestinal barrier is being considered as a possible origin of MS. Consumption of proanthocyanidins (PAs) has a beneficial effect against the metabolic disturbances in MS. However, there are no conclusive results in the literature about the efficacy of PAs in improving MS. This review allows a comprehensive validation of the diverse effects of the PAs on the intestinal dysfunction in HFD-induced MS, differentiating between preventive and therapeutic actions. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of PAs on the gut microbiota, providing a system to facilitate comparison between the studies. PAs can modulate the microbiome toward a healthy profile and strength barrier integrity. Nevertheless, to date, published clinical trials to verify preclinical findings are scarce. Finally, the preventive consumption of PAs in MS-associated dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction induced by HFD seems more successful than the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.J.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-394-1700 (A.B.); +34-913-941-828 (F.J.S.-M.)
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.J.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-394-1700 (A.B.); +34-913-941-828 (F.J.S.-M.)
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Ahmad H, Ahmed Z, Kashif S, Liaqat S, Afreen A. Study of metabolic syndrome indicators in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Pakistani population. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221144140. [PMID: 36514883 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221144140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) being a biological abnormality confers the highest risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM To assess MetS indicators in the newly diagnosed T2DM Pakistani population. METHODS A cross-sectional study (N = 123) with newly diagnosed T2DM patients (gender: both, MeanAge: 49.24 ± 6.84 years) was selected from Medical OPD, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Basic profile, family history, and physical activity were recorded through a predesigned questionnaire, dietary intake through seven days Food Diary and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Blood pressure and selected clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. Anthropometric measurements included mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-and-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and conicity index. Lab parameters included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, and lipid profile. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed to assess insulin resistance. RESULTS Almost all parameters related to MetS were higher than normal. The prevalence of MetS was 59.7%. BMI, MUAC, and WHtR were independently associated with HOMA-IR, but WC, WHR, and the conicity index had no relationship MetS indicators. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of MetS was found to be 59.7% in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. MUAC was found to be a better parameter for the diagnosis of central obesity and insulin resistance in the selected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 66708Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 66708Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Seemin Kashif
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 66708Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Liaqat
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 66708Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 380727University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Afreen
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 66708Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ghalandari H, Askarpour M, Setayesh L, Ghaedi E. Effect of plum supplementation on blood pressure, weight indices, and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:285-295. [PMID: 36513468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome and its components are major health concerns around the world. Among various factors, overweight/obesity, its consequent inflammation, and hypertension are of special importance. Plums are anti-oxidant-rich fruits which have long been investigated for their health benefits. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the possible impact of plum supplementation on obesity, inflammation, and blood pressure. METHODS All of the major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, Google Scholar and EMBASE) were searched to obtain the articles eligible for the review. Relevant data was extracted for the final analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was obtained using fixed and random effect models. The main outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC) and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Crude search provided 3121 articles, among which 11 were eligible to be included. After crude and subgroup analysis, we were unable to detect any significant impact of plum supplementation on body weight (weight mean difference (WMD) of 0.04 kg; 95% CI: -1.55, 1.63, p = 0.959), BMI (WMD 0.39 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.90, p = 0.125), body fat percentage (WMD = 0.59%; 95% CI: -0.41, 1.59, p = 0.249), waist circumference (WMD = 0.60 cm; 95% CI: -1.83, 3.04, p = 0.627), systolic blood pressure (WMD -1.24 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.08, 0.59, p = 0.185), diastolic blood pressure (WMD -4.32 mmHg (95% CI: -9.29, 0.65, p = 0.089), or inflammation indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = 0.23 mg/l; 95% CI: -0.27, 0.73, p = 0.371). CONCLUSION Our results show that plum supplementation has no positive effect on factors of metabolic syndrome. We recommend that further research in the form of clinical trials be conducted to make a clear conclusion as of the effectiveness of plum supplementation on parameters of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Exploration of the Mechanism of Linoleic Acid Metabolism Dysregulation in Metabolic Syndrome. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:6793346. [PMID: 36518097 PMCID: PMC9722286 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6793346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the mechanism of the linoleic acid metabolism in metabolic syndrome (MetS). RNA-seq data for 16 samples with or without MetS from the GSE145412 dataset were collected. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and gene differential expression analysis were performed. Expression data of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway were mapped to the pathway by using Pathview for visualization. There were 19 and 10 differentially expressed biological processes in the disease group and healthy group, respectively. 9 KEGG pathways were differentially expressed in the disease group. Linoleic acid metabolism was the only differentially expressed pathway in the healthy group. The GSVA enrichment score of the linoleic acid metabolism pathway in the disease group was markedly lower than that in the healthy group. The GSEA result showed that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway was significantly downregulated in the disease group. JMJD7-PLA2G4B, PLA2G1B, PLA2G2D, CYP2C8, and CYP2J2 involved in the pathway were significantly downregulated in the disease group. This study may provide novel insight into MetS from the point of linoleic acid metabolism dysregulation.
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Akter S, Akhter H, Chaudhury HS, Rahman MH, Gorski A, Hasan MN, Shin Y, Rahman MA, Nguyen MN, Choi TG, Kim SS. Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Biofactors 2022; 48:1036-1059. [PMID: 36102254 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake of carbohydrates (CHO), particularly a sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure levels is the predominant determining factor of MetS. Complex CHO, on the other hand, are a stable source of energy taking a longer time to digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber is an excellent source of prebiotics, which alter the gut microbial composition, which in turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result in the child developing MetS. Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity in combination with dietary habits may synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic and epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the common pathophysiology of MetS in connection with the nature of CHO, intrauterine nutrition, genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how dietary CHO may act as a key element in the pathogenesis and future therapeutic targets of obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Hajara Akhter
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Habib Sadat Chaudhury
- Department of Biochemistry, International Medical College Hospital, Tongi 1711, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew Gorski
- Department of Philosophy in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Pristine Pharmaceuticals, Patuakhali 8600, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7040076. [PMID: 35893323 PMCID: PMC9330874 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and frailty are associated with increased all-cause mortality, yet the complex interplay between these two conditions has not adequately been elucidated. We aim to analyse the relationship between MetS and frailty through a systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses. Methods: A literature search was conducted via MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were included if validated frameworks for defining frailty and MetS (presence of at least 3 out of the five constitutive components: abdominal obesity, high fasting blood glucose, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, and low high-density lipoprotein level) were utilised, in addition to the inclusion of participants aged 60 or older. Results: Eleven studies were included, all observational. All were in community-dwelling older people, 9 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal. Most of the studies used Fried’s frailty phenotype. The prevalence of frailty ranged from 0.9% to 14.8% in population-based studies and 35.6% in the outpatient clinic setting. The prevalence of MetS was also higher in the outpatient clinic setting at 47.5%, compared to 17.5–41.0% in the community-dwelling populations. The meta-analysis of 11 studies showed that MetS was associated with an increased risk of frailty (pooled OR 1.73, 95% CI, 1.41–2.13). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that frailty was more prevalent in older people with MetS compared to older people without MetS. The study findings suggest the importance of frailty screening in older people with MetS and a distinct role of managing MetS in preventing frailty in older people.
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Teixeira JE, Bragada JA, Bragada JP, Coelho JP, Pinto IG, Reis LP, Fernandes PO, Morais JE, Magalhães PM. Structural Equation Modelling for Predicting the Relative Contribution of Each Component in the Metabolic Syndrome Status Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063384. [PMID: 35329071 PMCID: PMC8992136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factor weighting in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may help to predict the progression for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a confirmatory model to describe and explain the direct and indirect effect of each component in MetS status change. A total of 3581 individuals diagnosed with MetS, aged 18−102 years, were selected between January 2019 and December 2020 from a community-representative sample of Portuguese adults in a north-eastern Portuguese region to test the model’s goodness of fit. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach and a two-way ANOVA (age × body composition) were performed to compare the relative contribution of each MetS component using joint interim statement (JIS). Waist circumference (β = 0.189−0.373, p < 0.001), fasting glucose (β = 0.168−0.199, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.140−0.162, p < 0.001) had the highest direct effect on the change in MetS status in the overall population and concerning both sexes. Moreover, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) had a low or non-significant effect. Additionally, an indirect effect was reported for age and body composition involving the change in MetS status. The findings may suggest that other components with higher specificity and sensitivity should be considered to empirically validate the harmonised definition of MetS. Current research provides the first multivariate model for predicting the relative contribution of each component in the MetS status change, specifically in Portuguese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E. Teixeira
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.B.); (J.E.M.)
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - José A. Bragada
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.B.); (J.E.M.)
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - João P. Bragada
- North East Local Health Unit (ULSNE)—Health Care Unit of Santa Maria, 5301-852 Bragança, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.P.C.); (I.G.P.); (L.P.R.)
| | - Joana P. Coelho
- North East Local Health Unit (ULSNE)—Health Care Unit of Santa Maria, 5301-852 Bragança, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.P.C.); (I.G.P.); (L.P.R.)
| | - Isabel G. Pinto
- North East Local Health Unit (ULSNE)—Health Care Unit of Santa Maria, 5301-852 Bragança, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.P.C.); (I.G.P.); (L.P.R.)
| | - Luís P. Reis
- North East Local Health Unit (ULSNE)—Health Care Unit of Santa Maria, 5301-852 Bragança, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.P.C.); (I.G.P.); (L.P.R.)
| | - Paula O. Fernandes
- Applied Management Research Unit (UNIAG), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Jorge E. Morais
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.B.); (J.E.M.)
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Pedro M. Magalhães
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
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12
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Ambalal SM. Metabolic Syndrome and Skin: Interactions and Implications. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:138-145. [PMID: 36092223 PMCID: PMC9455100 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_155_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global crisis and is believed to affect almost one-quarter of the world's population. Its prevalence has been rising, especially in the younger age group. The interactions of the skin and MetS are myriad. Physiological functions of the skin may confer a protective role, whereas cutaneous diseases may play the role of MetS initiator or amplifier. Cutaneous signs may be some of the earliest manifestations of insulin resistance, the basic pathophysiology behind MetS. Skin changes are also prominent in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the consequence of MetS. Drugs used in dermatological disorders can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Awareness about the risk factors and early lifestyle interventions can help delay or even prevent the life-threatening complications of this syndrome. Dermatologists are in a unique position to predict and prevent MetS or its complications, a long time before the patient visits a physician for systemic problems. To write this review, an internet search was made focusing on articles on skin problems associated with MetS and its components, its risk factors, pathogenesis, and ways to prevent it. Information relevant to dermatological practice was compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mehta Ambalal
- From the Skin Clinic @ Sumeru, SHREI (Skin and Hair Research and Education Initiative), Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sujata Mehta Ambalal, Skin Clinic @ Sumeru, Opp. Campus Corner Building, St. Xavier's College Corner, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat - 380 009, India. E-mail:
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13
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Clark KC, Kwitek AE. Multi-Omic Approaches to Identify Genetic Factors in Metabolic Syndrome. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:3045-3084. [PMID: 34964118 PMCID: PMC9373910 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly heritable disease and a major public health burden worldwide. MetS diagnosis criteria are met by the simultaneous presence of any three of the following: high triglycerides, low HDL/high LDL cholesterol, insulin resistance, hypertension, and central obesity. These diseases act synergistically in people suffering from MetS and dramatically increase risk of morbidity and mortality due to stroke and cardiovascular disease, as well as certain cancers. Each of these component features is itself a complex disease, as is MetS. As a genetically complex disease, genetic risk factors for MetS are numerous, but not very powerful individually, often requiring specific environmental stressors for the disease to manifest. When taken together, all sequence variants that contribute to MetS disease risk explain only a fraction of the heritable variance, suggesting additional, novel loci have yet to be discovered. In this article, we will give a brief overview on the genetic concepts needed to interpret genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) data, summarize the state of the field of MetS physiological genomics, and to introduce tools and resources that can be used by the physiologist to integrate genomics into their own research on MetS and any of its component features. There is a wealth of phenotypic and molecular data in animal models and humans that can be leveraged as outlined in this article. Integrating these multi-omic QTL data for complex diseases such as MetS provides a means to unravel the pathways and mechanisms leading to complex disease and promise for novel treatments. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-40, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Clark
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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14
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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G, Ash M, Settineri R, Escribá PV. Fundamentals of Membrane Lipid Replacement: A Natural Medicine Approach to Repairing Cellular Membranes and Reducing Fatigue, Pain, and Other Symptoms While Restoring Function in Chronic Illnesses and Aging. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:944. [PMID: 34940446 PMCID: PMC8707623 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) uses natural membrane lipid supplements to safely replace damaged, oxidized lipids in membranes in order to restore membrane function, decrease symptoms and improve health. Oral MLR supplements contain mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, fatty acids, and other lipids, and can be used to replace and remove damaged cellular and intracellular membrane lipids. Membrane injury, caused mainly by oxidative damage, occurs in essentially all chronic and acute medical conditions, including cancer and degenerative diseases, and in normal processes, such as aging and development. After ingestion, the protected MLR glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are dispersed, absorbed, and internalized in the small intestines, where they can be partitioned into circulating lipoproteins, globules, liposomes, micelles, membranes, and other carriers and transported in the lymphatics and blood circulation to tissues and cellular sites where they are taken in by cells and partitioned into various cellular membranes. Once inside cells, the glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid carriers, globules, liposomes, chylomicrons, or by direct membrane-membrane interactions. The entire process appears to be driven by 'bulk flow' or mass action principles, where surplus concentrations of replacement lipids can stimulate the natural exchange and removal of damaged membrane lipids while the replacement lipids undergo further enzymatic alterations. Clinical studies have demonstrated the advantages of MLR in restoring membrane and organelle function and reducing fatigue, pain, and other symptoms in chronic illness and aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L. Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Michael Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 4SG, UK;
| | | | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
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15
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Asare GA, Sule DS, Oblitey JN, Ntiforo R, Asiedu B, Amoah BY, Lamptey EL, Afriyie DK, Botwe BO. High degree of prostate related LUTS in a prospective cross-sectional community study in Ghana (Mamprobi). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08391. [PMID: 34825094 PMCID: PMC8605080 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changing voiding patterns, volume and frequency, may sometimes be mistaken for anxiety, stress or increase in fluid consumption. In the aging male population, the commencement of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may be silent and perceived as “normal” and unrelated to Benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of apparently “silent LUTS” (perceived asymptomatic LUTS) in men in a Ghanaian Community as well as its underlying risk factors. Methods One hundred and eleven (111) men (40–70 years) were recruited from a community in Ghana. The International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) questionnaire (administered in the local language and English) and ultrasonographic imaging of the prostate volume (PV) were utlized to collect data. IPSS score >7 plus PV > 30 cm3 was definitive of lower urinary tract symptoms. Eighty-one (81) participants were classified “LUTS Negative” (LN) and 30, “LUTS Positive” (LP). Risk factors i.e., cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), coronary risk (CR), BMI and Blood Pressure were also determined. Results The prevalence of LUTS using only IPSS definition alone was 42.3%. However, IPSS in combination with Prostate Volume gave a prevalence of 27.0%. LN subjects had enlarged prostate (41.98%) and LP, 100%. Quality of life (QoL) was better in the LUTS Negative than LUTS Positive group (p < 0.001). In the univariant analysis coronary risk, triglyceride and VLDL contributed to LUTS (p = 0.023, 0.22, 0.22, respectively). In a multivariant analysis HDL-C (p = 0.027), BMI (p = 0.047) and triglyceride (p = 0.019) significantly contributed to LUTS. Conclusions The prevalence of LUTS (42.3%) is high. Components of Metabolic Syndrome- HDL-C, BMI, and coronary risk were associated with LUTS. This emphasizes the need for community education.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Asare
- Chemical Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - Derick S. Sule
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
| | - Jared N. Oblitey
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
| | - Reese Ntiforo
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
| | - Bernice Asiedu
- Chemical Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
| | - Brodrick Y. Amoah
- Chemical Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel L. Lamptey
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
| | - Daniel K. Afriyie
- Department of Pharmacy, Ghana Police Hospital, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benard Ohene Botwe
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, P. O Box KB 143, Korle Bu Campus, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Delpero M, Arends D, Sprechert M, Krause F, Kluth O, Schürmann A, Brockmann GA, Hesse D. Identification of four novel QTL linked to the metabolic syndrome in the Berlin Fat Mouse. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:307-315. [PMID: 34689180 PMCID: PMC8794782 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with impaired glucose metabolism using the obese lines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2, which are genetically closely related, but differ in several traits. BFMI861-S1 is insulin resistant and stores ectopic fat in the liver, whereas BFMI861-S2 is insulin sensitive. Methods In generation 10, 397 males of an advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1 × BFMI861-S2 were challenged with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and phenotyped over 25 weeks. QTL-analysis was performed after selective genotyping of 200 mice using the GigaMUGA Genotyping Array. Additional 197 males were genotyped for 7 top SNPs in QTL regions. For the prioritization of positional candidate genes whole genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines were used. Results Overlapping QTL for gonadal adipose tissue weight and blood glucose concentration were detected on chromosome (Chr) 3 (95.8–100.1 Mb), and for gonadal adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration on Chr 17 (9.5–26.1 Mb). Causal modeling suggested for Chr 3-QTL direct effects on adipose tissue weight, but indirect effects on blood glucose concentration. Direct effects on adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration were suggested for Chr 17-QTL. Prioritized positional candidate genes for the identified QTL were Notch2 and Fmo5 (Chr 3) and Plg and Acat2 (Chr 17). Two additional QTL were detected for gonadal adipose tissue weight on Chr 15 (67.9–74.6 Mb) and for body weight on Chr 16 (3.9–21.4 Mb). Conclusions QTL mapping together with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify candidate genes associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we provided evidence for direct and indirect genetic effects on blood glucose concentration in the insulin-resistant mouse line BFMI861-S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delpero
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Arends
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Sprechert
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Krause
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kluth
- Department für Experimentelle Diabetologie, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department für Experimentelle Diabetologie, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deike Hesse
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Koshovyi O, Granica S, Piwowarski JP, Stremoukhov O, Kostenko Y, Kravchenko G, Krasilnikova O, Zagayko A. Highbush Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Leaves Extract and Its Modified Arginine Preparation for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome-Chemical Analysis and Bioactivity in Rat Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:2870. [PMID: 34445028 PMCID: PMC8400930 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Highbush blueberry) as a berry crop is developing dynamically, especially in warm temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions of the world. When blueberry is cultivated on plantations, the bushes are pruned annually, and tons of leaves become waste. Thus, the aim of the present study was to create a preparation from blueberry leaves, study their chemical composition and determine their potential as a dietary supplement for the prophylactic and correction of the metabolic syndrome. Several schemes for obtaining extracts from blueberry leaves have been developed, including one with addition of arginine. A total of 18 phenolic substances were identified and quantified in the extracts by TLC and HPLC methods. Chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and rutin were shown to be dominating constituents. Quantitative determination of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and other phenolics in the extracts was performed by spectrophotometric method. The extracts administration led to a significant decrease in the level of glucose, insulin and triacylglycerols in blood serum of adult mature inbred rats with insulin resistance induced by the fructose-enriched diet. The most promising one was the extract modified with arginine. The determined hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of chemically standardized extracts from highbush blueberry leaves indicate the potential of this crop residue in utilization as a dietary supplement recommended in prevention of ailments associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Koshovyi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (O.K.); (O.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- MicrobiotaLab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- MicrobiotaLab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Oleksandr Stremoukhov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (O.K.); (O.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuliia Kostenko
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (O.K.); (O.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ganna Kravchenko
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (G.K.); (O.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Oksana Krasilnikova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (G.K.); (O.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andriy Zagayko
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (G.K.); (O.K.); (A.Z.)
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18
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Nabeel PM, Chandran DS, Kaur P, Thanikachalam S, Sivaprakasam M, Joseph J. Association of incremental pulse wave velocity with cardiometabolic risk factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15413. [PMID: 34326391 PMCID: PMC8322136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the association of incremental pulse wave velocity (ΔC; the change in pulse wave velocity over a cardiac cycle) with cardiometabolic risk factors and report the first and (currently) the largest population-level data. In a cross-sectional study performed in a cohort of 1373 general population participants, ΔC was measured using clinically validated ARTSENS devices. There were 455 participants in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) group whose average ΔC was ~ 28.4% higher than that of the non-metabolic syndrome (Non-MetS) group. Females with MetS showed ~ 10.9% elevated average ΔC compared to males of the Non-MetS group. As the number of risk factors increased from 0 to 5, the average ΔC escalated by ~ 55% (1.50 ± 0.52 m/s to 2.33 ± 0.91 m/s). A gradual increase in average ΔC was observed across each decade from the younger (ΔC = 1.53 ± 0.54 m/s) to geriatric (ΔC = 2.34 ± 0.59 m/s) populations. There was also a significant difference in ΔC among the blood pressure categories. Most importantly, ΔC ≥ 1.81 m/s predicted a constellation of ≥ 3 risks with AUC = 0.615, OR = 2.309, and RR = 1.703. All statistical trends remained significant, even after adjusting for covariates. The study provides initial evidence for the potential use of ΔC as a tool for the early detection and screening of vascular dysfunction, which opens up avenues for active clinical and epidemiological studies. Further investigations are encouraged to confirm and establish the causative mechanism for the reported associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Nabeel
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600113 India
| | - Dinu S. Chandran
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Prabhdeep Kaur
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, 600077 India
| | - Sadagopan Thanikachalam
- grid.412734.70000 0001 1863 5125Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116 India
| | - Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600113 India ,grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 India
| | - Jayaraj Joseph
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 India
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19
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Chandra NC. A comprehensive account of insulin and LDL receptor activity over the years: A highlight on their signaling and functional role. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22840. [PMID: 34227185 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) was discovered in 1970. Shortcomings in IR transcribed signals were found pro-diabetic, which could also inter-relate obesity and atherosclerosis in a time-dependent manner. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was discovered in 1974. Later studies showed that insulin could modulate LDLR expression and activity. Repression of LDLR transcription in the absence or inactivity of insulin showed a direct cause of atherosclerosis. Leptin receptor (OB-R) was found in 1995 and its resistance became responsible for developing obesity. The three interlinked pathologies namely, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and obesity were later on marked as metabolic syndrome-X (MSX). In 2012, the IR-LDLR inter-association was identified. In 2019, the proficiency of signal transmission from this IR-LDLR receptor complex was reported. LDLR was found to mimic IR-generated signaling path when it remains bound to IR in IR-DLR interlocked state. This was the first time LDLR was found sending messages besides its LDL-clearing activity from blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimai C Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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20
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Mourino-Alvarez L, Corbacho-Alonso N, Sastre-Oliva T, Corros-Vicente C, Solis J, Tejerina T, Padial LR, Barderas MG. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Implications in Aortic Stenosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126212. [PMID: 34207517 PMCID: PMC8227301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both progressive diseases that if left untreated, result in significant morbidity and mortality. Several studies revealed that the prevalence of DM is substantially higher in patients with AS and, thus, the progression from mild to severe AS is greater in those patients with DM. DM and common comorbidities associated with both diseases, DM and AS, increase patient management complexity and make aortic valve replacement the only effective treatment. For that reason, a better understanding of the pathogenesis underlying both these diseases and the relationships between them is necessary to design more appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provided an overview of the main aspects of the relationship between AS and DM, including common comorbidities and risk factors. We also discuss the established treatments/therapies in patients with AS and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (T.S.-O.); (C.C.-V.)
| | - Nerea Corbacho-Alonso
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (T.S.-O.); (C.C.-V.)
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (T.S.-O.); (C.C.-V.)
| | - Cecilia Corros-Vicente
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (T.S.-O.); (C.C.-V.)
| | - Jorge Solis
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Atria Clinic, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.G.B.); Fax: +34-925247745 (M.G.B.)
| | - Teresa Tejerina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis R. Padial
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, SESCAM, 45004 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Maria G. Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (T.S.-O.); (C.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.G.B.); Fax: +34-925247745 (M.G.B.)
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21
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Mendivil CO. Fish Consumption: A Review of Its Effects on Metabolic and Hormonal Health. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211022378. [PMID: 34158802 PMCID: PMC8182174 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211022378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits are a major determinant of the risk of chronic disease,
particularly metabolic and endocrine disorders. Fish as a food group are a
unique source of nutrients with metabolic and hormonal importance including
omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, selenium, vitamin D, taurine and carnitine. Fish
are also a source of high quality protein and have in general low caloric
density. The impact of these nutrients on cardiovascular risk has been
extensively reviewed, but the impact of fish on the broader field of endocrine
and metabolic health is sometimes not sufficiently appreciated. This article
aimed to summarize the impact the effect of regular fish consumption on
conditions like the metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism,
polycystic ovary syndrome and the menopausal transition, which are in and of
themselves significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The review
revealed that scientific evidence from food science, translational research,
epidemiologic studies and interventional trials shows that regular fish
consumption has a positive impact on thyroid homeostasis, facilitates
maintenance of a healthy body weight, reduces the magnitude of age-associated
increases in blood pressure, improves glucose homeostasis helping prevent
diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, and has a positive impact on muscle mass
preservation among the elderly. These effects are mediated by multiple
mechanisms, only some of which have been identified. For most of these effects
it holds true that the potential benefits are more substantial when baseline
fish consumption is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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22
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George Kerry R, Ukhurebor KE, Kumari S, Maurya GK, Patra S, Panigrahi B, Majhi S, Rout JR, Rodriguez-Torres MDP, Das G, Shin HS, Patra JK. A comprehensive review on the applications of nano-biosensor-based approaches for non-communicable and communicable disease detection. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3576-3602. [PMID: 34008586 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The outstretched applications of biosensors in diverse domains has become the reason for their attraction for scientific communities. Because they are analytical devices, they can detect both quantitative and qualitative biological components through the generation of detectable signals. In the recent past, biosensors witnessed significant changes and developments in their design as well as features. Nanotechnology has revolutionized sensing phenomena by increasing biodiagnostic capacity in terms of specificity, size, and cost, resulting in exceptional sensitivity and flexibility. The steep increase of non-communicable diseases across the world has emerged as a matter of concern. In parallel, the abrupt outbreak of communicable diseases poses a serious threat to mankind. For decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with various communicable and non-communicable diseases, early detection and subsequent treatment are indispensable. Detection of different biological markers generates quantifiable signals that can be electrochemical, mass-based, optical, thermal, or piezoelectric. Speculating on the incumbent applicability and versatility of nano-biosensors in large disciplines, this review highlights different types of biosensors along with their components and detection mechanisms. Moreover, it deals with the current advancements made in biosensors and the applications of nano-biosensors in detection of various non-communicable and communicable diseases, as well as future prospects of nano-biosensors for diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor
- Climatic/Environmental/Telecommunication Unit, Department of Physics, Edo University Iyamho, P.B.M. 04, Auchi, 312101, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Swati Kumari
- Biopioneer Private limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Bijayananda Panigrahi
- Biopioneer Private limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India and School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | | | - María Del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres
- Departamento de Ingeniería Molecular de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Prince MRU, Zihad SMNK, Ghosh P, Sifat N, Rouf R, Al Shajib GM, Alam MA, Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ. Amaranthus spinosus Attenuated Obesity-Induced Metabolic Disorders in High-Carbohydrate-High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:653918. [PMID: 34041259 PMCID: PMC8142894 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.653918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus spinosus is a common vegetable of Bangladesh and well-known for its ethnomedicinal uses. In this study, we have evaluated the ability of powdered supplementation, methanol extract, and aqueous extract of A. spinosus in attenuating in high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic disorders in female obese rates. Several parameters have been analyzed in this study including body weight, organ weight, fat deposition, glycemic status, lipid levels, hepatic and renal biomarkers, hepatic antioxidant status, and hepatosteatosis. All three samples of A. spinosus significantly reduced weight gain, organ weight, and abdominal fat deposition. Improved glucose tolerance and lipid parameters were seen in obese rats administered with A. spinosus powder, methanol extract, and aqueous extract. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine kinase levels were normalized by the test samples. A. spinosus boosted hepatic antioxidant levels including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Histopathology of liver tissue revealed increased fat infiltration and higher steatosis score in HCHF diet-fed obese rats which was brought down by A. spinosus. Analyzing all the results it can be concluded that this medicinal herb is beneficial in the management of obesity and obesity-induced metabolic disorders, making it a prospective food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. M. Neamul Kabir Zihad
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Razina Rouf
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gazi Mohammad Al Shajib
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh J. Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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24
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Garg R, Kumariya S, Katekar R, Verma S, Goand UK, Gayen JR. JNK signaling pathway in metabolic disorders: An emerging therapeutic target. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174079. [PMID: 33812885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome is a multifactorial disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, etc. Various stress stimuli such as reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased cytokines, or free fatty acids are known to aggravate progressive development of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Although the exact mechanism contributing to altered metabolism is unclear. Evidence suggests stress kinase role to be a crucial one in metabolic syndrome. Stress kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase activation (JNK) is involved in various metabolic manifestations including obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease as well as cardiometabolic disorders. It emerged as a foremost mediator in regulating metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue as well as pancreatic β cells. It has three isoforms each having a unique and tissue-specific role in altered metabolism. Current findings based on genetic manipulation or chemical inhibition studies identified JNK isoforms to play a central role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism, suggesting it to be a novel therapeutic target. Hence, it is imperative to elucidate its role in metabolic syndrome onset and progression. The purpose of this review is to elucidate in vitro and in vivo implications of JNK signaling along with the therapeutic strategy to inhibit specific isoform. Since metabolic syndrome is an array of diseases and complex pathway, carefully examining each tissue will be important for specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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25
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Narayanan S, Wang S, Vasukuttan V, Vyas Devambatla RK, Dai D, Jin C, Snyder R, Laudermilk L, Runyon SP, Maitra R. Pyrazole Agonist of the Apelin Receptor Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3006-3025. [PMID: 33705126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apelin receptor agonism improves symptoms of metabolic syndrome. However, endogenous apelin peptides have short half-lives, making their utility as potential drugs limited. Previously, we had identified a novel pyrazole-based agonist scaffold. Systematic modification of this scaffold was performed to produce compounds with improved ADME properties. Compound 13 with favorable agonist potency (cAMPi EC50 = 162 nM), human liver microsome stability (T1/2 = 62 min), and pharmacokinetic profile in rodents was identified. The compound was tested in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and metabolic syndrome for efficacy. Treatment with 13 led to significant weight loss, hypophagia, improved glucose utilization, reduced liver steatosis, and improvement of disease-associated biomarkers. In conclusion, a small-molecule agonist of the apelin receptor has been identified that is suitable for in vivo investigation of the apelinergic system in DIO and perhaps other diseases where this receptor has been implicated to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Narayanan
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Vineetha Vasukuttan
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | - Donghua Dai
- Sterling Pharma Solutions Limited, Sheldon Drive, Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Rodney Snyder
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lucas Laudermilk
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Scott P Runyon
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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26
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Khan N, Laudermilk L, Ware J, Rosa T, Mathews K, Gay E, Amato G, Maitra R. Peripherally Selective CB1 Receptor Antagonist Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:757-764. [PMID: 33860199 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder that stems from the additive effects of multiple underlying causes such as obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation. The endocannabinoid system plays a central role in appetite regulation, energy balance, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function. The type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant) showed promising antiobesity effects, but its use was discontinued due to adverse psychiatric events in some users. These adverse effects are due to antagonism of CB1R in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, CNS-sparing CB1R antagonists are presently being developed for various indications. In this study, we report that a recently described compound, 3-{1-[8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-1-[6-(difluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]urea (RTI1092769), a pyrazole based weak inverse agonist/antagonist of CB1 with very limited brain exposure, improves MetS related complications. Treatment with RTI1092769 inhibited weight gain and improved glucose utilization in obese mice maintained on a high fat diet. Hepatic triglyceride content and steatosis significantly improved with treatment. These phenotypes were supported by improvement in several biomarkers associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). These results reinforce the idea that CB1 antagonists with limited brain exposure should be pursued for MetS and other important indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayaab Khan
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lucas Laudermilk
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jalen Ware
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Taylor Rosa
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kelly Mathews
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Elaine Gay
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - George Amato
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Sillen M, Declerck PJ. A Narrative Review on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Its (Patho)Physiological Role: To Target or Not to Target? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052721. [PMID: 33800359 PMCID: PMC7962805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main physiological inhibitor of plasminogen activators (PAs) and is therefore an important inhibitor of the plasminogen/plasmin system. Being the fast-acting inhibitor of tissue-type PA (tPA), PAI-1 primarily attenuates fibrinolysis. Through inhibition of urokinase-type PA (uPA) and interaction with biological ligands such as vitronectin and cell-surface receptors, the function of PAI-1 extends to pericellular proteolysis, tissue remodeling and other processes including cell migration. This review aims at providing a general overview of the properties of PAI-1 and the role it plays in many biological processes and touches upon the possible use of PAI-1 inhibitors as therapeutics.
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28
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Virgen-Carrillo CA, de Los Ríos DLH, Torres KR, Moreno AGM. Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in Diet-Induced Rodent Models: A Systematic Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e140421192834. [PMID: 33855947 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210414103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of publications in recent years have addressed the induction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rodents. However, the criteria and the reference values for diagnosing this disease have not been defined. OBJECTIVE Our main objective was to carry out a systematic review to gather evidence about the criteria for biochemical and anthropometric parameters in which scientific studies have relied on to report that rats developed MetS from a previous dietary manipulation. METHODS We compiled characteristics and findings of diet-induced MetS with high-fat, high-carbohydrate, high-fat/high-carbohydrates, and cafeteria diet from PubMed and Science Direct databases published in the last 5 years. RESULTS The results on the principal determinants for the syndrome, published in the reviewed articles, were chosen to propose reference values in the rat models of food induction. CONCLUSION The values obtained will serve as reference cut-of points in the development of the disease; in addition, the compilation of data will be useful in planning and executing research protocols in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alejandrina Virgen-Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Diana Laura Hernández de Los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina Ruíz Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alma Gabriela Martínez Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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29
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Bello-Chavolla OY, Vargas-Vázquez A, Antonio-Villa NE, Del Razo-Olvera FM, Elías-López D, A Aguilar-Salinas C. A High Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Traits in Mexicans Points at Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1073-1082. [PMID: 33727840 PMCID: PMC7955682 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s266568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a construct relating to a series of metabolic dysfunctions attributable to insulin resistance and obesity. Here, we estimate the incidence of MS according to their individual components using a Mexican open-population cohort. METHODS We evaluated data of 6144 Mexicans amongst whom 3340 did not have MS either by IDF or ATP-III definitions using data from an open-population cohort. We estimated the incidence of MS and each of its traits after a median follow-up of 2.24 (IQR 2.05-2.58) years and evaluated risk factors for MS incidence and each of its traits. We also explored individuals without any MS trait to evaluate trait and MS incidence after follow-up. RESULTS We observed a high incidence of MS-IDF (115.11 cases per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 107.76-122.47), followed by MS-ATP-III (75.77 cases per 1000 person-years, 95% CI). The MS traits with the highest incidence were low HDL-C and abdominal obesity, which was consistent for subjects without MS and those without any MS trait. When assessing predictors of MS incidence, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased apolipoprotein B levels predicted MS incidence. Weight loss >5% of body weight and physical activity were the main protective factors. Obesity was a main determinant for incident MS traits in our population, with weight loss being also a protective factor for most MS traits. CONCLUSION We observed a high incidence of MS in apparently healthy Mexican adults. Low HDL-C and abdominal obesity were the most frequent incident MS traits, with obesity being the main determinant of its incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Research, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Mabel Del Razo-Olvera
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Elías-López
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, CP 14080, MéxicoTel +525554870900, 5703 Email
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30
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Castillo-Díaz LA, Ruiz-Pacheco JA, Elsawy MA, Reyes-Martínez JE, Enríquez-Rodríguez AI. Self-Assembling Peptides as an Emerging Platform for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10349-10370. [PMID: 33376325 PMCID: PMC7762440 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s278189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of comorbidities that represent a major risk of developing chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. Alarmingly, metabolic syndrome reaches epidemic proportions worldwide. Today, lifestyle changes and multiple drug-based therapies represent the gold standard to address metabolic syndrome. However, such approaches face two major limitations: complicated drug therapeutic regimes, which in most cases could lead to patient incompliance, and limited drug efficacy. This has encouraged scientists to search for novel routes to deal with metabolic syndrome and related diseases. Within such approaches, self-assembled peptide formulations have emerged as a promising alternative for treating metabolic syndrome. In particular, self-assembled peptide hydrogels, either as acellular or cell-load three-dimensional scaffoldings have reached significant relevance in the biomedical field to prevent and restore euglycemia, as well as for controlling cardiovascular diseases and obesity. This has been possible thanks to the physicochemical tunability of peptides, which are developed from a chemical toolbox of versatile amino acids enabling flexibility of designing a wide range of self-assembled/co-assembled nanostructures forming biocompatible viscoelastic hydrogels. Peptide hydrogels can be combined with several biological entities, such as extracellular matrix proteins, drugs or cells, forming functional biologics with therapeutic ability for treatment of metabolic syndrome-comorbidities. Additionally, self-assembly peptides combine safety, tolerability, and effectivity attributes; by this presenting a promising platform for the development of novel pharmaceuticals capable of addressing unmet therapeutic needs for diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and obesity. In this review, recent advances in developing self-assembly peptide nanostructures tailored for improving treatment of metabolic syndrome and related diseases will be discussed from basic research to preclinical research studies. Challenges facing the development of approved medicinal products based on self-assembling peptide nanomaterials will be discussed in light of regulatory requirement for clinical authorization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Alberto Ruiz-Pacheco
- West Biomedical Research Center, National Council of Science and Technology, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Elsawy
- Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
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Anderson AK, Lambert JM, Montefusco DJ, Tran BN, Roddy P, Holland WL, Cowart LA. Depletion of adipocyte sphingosine kinase 1 leads to cell hypertrophy, impaired lipolysis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1328-1340. [PMID: 32690594 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have become established participants in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated maladies. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which generates S1P, has been shown to increase in liver and adipose of obese humans and mice and to regulate inflammation in hepatocytes and adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation in mouse models of obesity. Previous studies by us and others have demonstrated that global sphingosine kinase 1 KO mice are protected from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and NAFLD, suggesting that SPHK1 may mediate pathological outcomes of obesity. As adipose tissue dysfunction has gained recognition as a central instigator of obesity-induced metabolic disease, we hypothesized that SPHK1 intrinsic to adipocytes may contribute to HFD-induced metabolic pathology. To test this, we depleted Sphk1 from adipocytes in mice (SK1fatKO) and placed them on a HFD. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, SK1fatKO mice displayed greater weight gain on HFD and exacerbated impairment in glucose clearance. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil content of adipose tissue were similar, as were levels of circulating leptin and adiponectin. However, SPHK1-null adipocytes were hypertrophied and had lower basal lipolytic activity. Interestingly, hepatocyte triacylglycerol accumulation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and collagen 1a1 were exacerbated in SK1fatKO mice on a HFD, implicating a specific role for adipocyte SPHK1 in adipocyte function and inter-organ cross-talk that maintains overall metabolic homeostasis in obesity. Thus, SPHK1 serves a previously unidentified essential homeostatic role in adipocytes that protects from obesity-associated pathology. These findings may have implications for pharmacological targeting of the SPHK1/S1P signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Johana M Lambert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David J Montefusco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bao Ngan Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrick Roddy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA .,Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Circulating miRNAs as a Predictive Biomarker of the Progression from Prediabetes to Diabetes: Outcomes of a 5-Year Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072184. [PMID: 32664305 PMCID: PMC7408684 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is an urgent need for early identification of prediabetes, as these people have the highest risk of developing diabetes. Circulating miRNAs have shown potential as progression biomarkers in other diseases. This study aimed to conduct a baseline comparison of serum-circulating miRNAs in prediabetic individuals, with the distinction between those who later progressed to T2DM and those who did not. The expression levels of 798 miRNAs using NanoString technology were examined. Spearman correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression modeling were performed. Gene ontology (GO) and canonical pathway analysis were used to explore the biological functions of the miRNA target genes. The study revealed that three miRNAs were upregulated in the serum samples of patients who later progressed to T2DM. Pathway analysis showed that the miRNA target genes were mainly significantly enriched in neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) signaling in neurons, amyloid processing, and hepatic cholestasis. ROC analysis demonstrated that miR-491-5p, miR-1307-3p, and miR-298 can be introduced as a diagnostic tool for the prediction of T2DM (area under the curve (AUC) = 94.0%, 88.0%, and 84.0%, respectively). Validation by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed our findings. The results suggest that circulating miRNAs can potentially be used as predictive biomarkers of T2DM in prediabetic patients.
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Śliwa-Dominiak J, Maciejewska D, Janda K, Stachowska E, Łoniewska B, Malinowski D, Borecki K, Marlicz W, Łoniewski I. The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061788. [PMID: 32521799 PMCID: PMC7357153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of probiotic/synbiotic formulations to counteract cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in healthy people not receiving adjunctive medication. The systematic search (PubMed/MEDLINE/Embase) until 1 August 2019 was performed for randomized controlled trials in >20 adult patients. Random-effect meta-analysis subgroup and meta-regression analysis of co-primary (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), glucose, insulin, body weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, and blood pressure) and secondary outcomes (uric acid, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-PAI-1, fibrinogen, and any variable related to inflammation/endothelial dysfunction). We included 61 trials (5422 persons). The mean time of probiotic administration was 67.01 ± 38.72 days. Most of probiotic strains were of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. The other strains were Streptococci, Enterococci, and Pediococci. The daily probiotic dose varied between 106 and 1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/gram. Probiotics/synbiotics counteracted CMR factors (endpoint data on BMI: standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.156, p = 0.006 and difference in means (DM) = -0.45, p = 0.00 and on WC: SMD = -0.147, p = 0.05 and DM = -1.21, p = 0.02; change scores on WC: SMD = -0.166, p = 0.04 and DM = -1.35, p = 0.03) in healthy persons. Overweight/obese healthy people might additionally benefit from reducing total cholesterol concentration (change scores on WC in overweight/obese: SMD: -0.178, p = 0.049). Poor quality of probiotic-related trials make systematic reviews and meta-analyses difficult to conduct and draw definite conclusions. "Gold standard" methodology in probiotic studies awaits further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Janda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Borecki
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
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Escalante-Araiza F, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G. Traditional Mexican foods as functional agents in the treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1353-1364. [PMID: 32338032 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1758028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Major cardiometabolic risk phenotypes include insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia, which contribute to the current prevalent chronic disease pandemia worldwide. Among traditional treatments, dietary habits represent one of the most difficult and controversial aspects to implement in handling metabolic disturbances. The use of herbal remedies by latinos and hispanics, as part of self-care of metabolic diseases has been well documented in several studies, mainly because they are "natural", consistent with their culture, family-related, accessible, and affordable. Phytochemicals are present in fruits, vegetables and various plants, and constitute nonessential nutrients such as vitamins or minerals, many of them being consumed in a popular way or used as herbal remedies or dietary supplements. In this narrative review, we present evidence on traditional endemic Mexican foods such as cacao, corn, common bean, prickle pear, chili, avocado and salba-chia as functional agents to improve the metabolic status in risk phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Escalante-Araiza
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, México
| | - Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, México
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Brown JL, Bansiddhi P, Khonmee J, Thitaram C. Commonalities in Management and Husbandry Factors Important for Health and Welfare of Captive Elephants in North America and Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E737. [PMID: 32340256 PMCID: PMC7222785 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: This review paper is a synthesis of results from multiple studies that we have conducted over the past several years using similar methodologies to identify factors related to welfare of captive populations of elephants in North American zoos and Thailand tourist camps. Using multiple conservation physiology tools, we found that, despite vastly disparate management systems, there are commonalities in how environmental and husbandry factors affect physical and physiological outcomes. Elephants appear to have better welfare, based on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analyses, when housed under conditions that provide a more enriched, stimulating, and less restrictive environment. We also found it is essential to balance diet and exercise for good body condition and metabolic function. In Thailand, use of tools to control elephants, such as the ankus (i.e., guide, hook) and chains, did not equate to poor welfare per se, nor did riding; however, improper uses were associated with higher wound scores and FGM concentrations. Foot health was good overall in both regions, with cracks being the most common problem, and better foot scores were found in elephants kept on softer substrates. Based on these findings, science-based guidelines are being developed in Thailand, while in North America, changes are being incorporated into elephant standards and husbandry resource guides. Management across venues can be improved by encouraging elephant exploration and exercise, establishing socially compatibility groups, ensuring proper use of tools, and providing balanced diets. We contend there is no "one-size-fits-all" management strategy to guarantee good welfare for elephants, but there are essential needs that must be met regardless of where or how they are managed. Future studies are needed to find ways to better socialize elephants; determine how temperament affects coping styles and resilience; study the importance of good handler-elephant relationships; identify more ways for elephants to engage with the environment; and assess the effect of life history on subsequent physiological and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine L. Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Pakkanut Bansiddhi
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.B.); (J.K.)
- Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Khonmee
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.B.); (J.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chatchote Thitaram
- Center of Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.B.); (J.K.)
- Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Biondo LA, Teixeira AAS, de O. S. Ferreira KC, Neto JCR. Pharmacological Strategies for Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity and Cancer: Thiazolidinediones and Metformin. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:932-945. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200122124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chronic diseases, such as obesity and cancer, have high prevalence rates. Both diseases
have hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, high levels of IGF-1 and inflammatory cytokines in common. Therefore,
these can be considered triggers for cancer development and growth. In addition, low-grade inflammation that
modulates the activation of immune cells, cellular metabolism, and production of cytokines and chemokines are
common in obesity, cancer, and insulin resistance. Pharmacological strategies are necessary when a change in
lifestyle does not improve glycemic homeostasis. In this regard, thiazolidinediones (TZD) possess multiple molecular
targets and regulate PPARγ in obesity and cancer related to insulin resistance, while metformin acts
through the AMPK pathway.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to review TZD and metformin as pharmacological treatments for insulin
resistance associated with obesity and cancer.
Conclusions:
Thiazolidinediones restored adiponectin secretion and leptin sensitivity, reduced lipid droplets in
hepatocytes and orexigen peptides in the hypothalamus. In cancer cells, TZD reduced proliferation, production of
reactive oxygen species, and inflammation by acting through the mTOR and NFκB pathways. Metformin has
similar effects, though these are AMPK-dependent. In addition, both drugs can be efficient against certain side
effects caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana A. Biondo
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. S. Teixeira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen C. de O. S. Ferreira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose C. R. Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Srivastava MC, Srivastava R, Verma PK, Gautam A. Metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease: An overview for physicians. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3492-3495. [PMID: 31803642 PMCID: PMC6881921 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_866_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) (also known as insulin resistance syndrome, syndrome X) is a cluster of factors associated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several studies in the past have reviewed an association between MetS and periodontitis. Periodontal disease is considered an infectious and chronic inflammatory disease, and it has been considered to be a potential risk in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and diabetes, and has implications in adverse pregnancy outcomes, osteoporosis, and so on. These systemic disorders have been documented as capable of affecting the periodontium or treatment of periodontal disease. Oral inflammatory lesions have different basic mechanisms concerning the possible association with systemic diseases. They concern local spread, metastatic spread, or immunologic cross-reactivity. In many studies, sometimes contrasting, periodontal pathogens have been evaluated in atheromatous plaques isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis. Oral inflammatory lesions have been shown unequivocally to contribute to elevated systemic inflammatory responses. In some studies, intensive periodontal therapy showed a significant reduction in c-reactive protein levels, interleukin-6, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after 2 months. The aim of this article is to reflect the association between MetS and periodontitis and to suggest an understanding to promote interprofessional practice; with proper oral care and plaque control, we can reduce the severity of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh C Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Banthara, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anju Gautam
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Geddo F, Scandiffio R, Antoniotti S, Cottone E, Querio G, Maffei ME, Bovolin P, Gallo MP. PipeNig ®-FL, a Fluid Extract of Black Pepper ( Piper Nigrum L.) with a High Standardized Content of Trans-β-Caryophyllene, Reduces Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Improves Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112788. [PMID: 31731718 PMCID: PMC6893583 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural sesquiterpene hydrocarbon with several important pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardioprotective functions. These properties are mainly due to its selective interaction with the peripherally expressed cannabinoid receptor 2. In addition, BCP activates peroxisome proliferated activator receptors α and γ and inhibits the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Given the growing scientific interest in BCP, the aim of our study was to investigate the metabolic effects of a black pepper extract (PipeNig®-FL), containing a high standardized content of BCP. In particular our interest was focused on its potential activity on lipid accumulation and glucose uptake. The extract PipeNig®-FL was chemically characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC–FID), confirming a high content (814 mg/g) of BCP. Experiments were performed on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and on C2C12 myotubes. Lipid content following 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation was quantified with AdipoRed fluorescence staining. Glucose uptake and GLUT4 membrane translocation were studied in C2C12 myotubes with the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG and by immunofluorescence analysis. Here we show that PipeNig®-FL reduces 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Moreover, acute exposure of C2C12 myotubes to PipeNig®-FL improves glucose uptake activity and GLUT4 migration. Taken together, these results reveal interesting and novel properties of BCP, suggesting potential applications in the prevention of lipid accumulation and in the improvement of glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-4671
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