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Miura C, Furui Y, Yamamoto T, Kanno Y, Honjo M, Yamaguchi K, Suetsugu K, Yagame T, Seo M, Shigenobu S, Yamato M, Kaminaka H. Autoactivation of mycorrhizal symbiosis signaling through gibberellin deactivation in orchid seed germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:546-563. [PMID: 37776523 PMCID: PMC10756758 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Orchids parasitically depend on external nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination. Previous findings suggest that orchids utilize a genetic system of mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, in which the plant hormone gibberellin (GA) negatively affects fungal colonization and development, to establish parasitic symbiosis. Although GA generally promotes seed germination in photosynthetic plants, previous studies have reported low sensitivity of GA in seed germination of mycoheterotrophic orchids where mycorrhizal symbiosis occurs concurrently. To elucidate the connecting mechanisms of orchid seed germination and mycorrhizal symbiosis at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of GA on a hyacinth orchid (Bletilla striata) seed germination and mycorrhizal symbiosis using asymbiotic and symbiotic germination methods. Additionally, we compared the transcriptome profiles between asymbiotically and symbiotically germinated seeds. Exogenous GA negatively affected seed germination and fungal colonization, and endogenous bioactive GA was actively converted to the inactive form during seed germination. Transcriptome analysis showed that B. striata shared many of the induced genes between asymbiotically and symbiotically germinated seeds, including GA metabolism- and signaling-related genes and AM-specific marker homologs. Our study suggests that orchids have evolved in a manner that they do not use bioactive GA as a positive regulator of seed germination and instead autoactivate the mycorrhizal symbiosis pathway through GA inactivation to accept the fungal partner immediately during seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuki Furui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Honjo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | | | - Mitsunori Seo
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamato
- Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaminaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Unused Bioresource Utilization Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
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Teng C, Li Y, Cang T, Xu H, Liu Z, Qi P, Wang Z, Zhao H, Di S, Wang X. Study on the enantioselective bioaccumulation and dissipation of uniconazole enantiomers in earthworm-soil microcosm through supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:29432-29441. [PMID: 36417071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the enantioselective bioaccumulation and dissipation of uniconazole enantiomers in earthworm-soil microcosm were studied. A fast enantioseparation method of uniconazole through supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) was established. The CHIRALCEL OZ-3 column and a mixture of CO2 and methanol (80:20, v/v) were used within 1.0 min to separate uniconazole enantiomers. The recoveries of uniconazole enantiomers in earthworm and soil samples ranged from 83.3 to 113%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation values were lower than 11%. In earthworms, the bioaccumulation concentrations of uniconazole enantiomers increased with time and reached the maximum on the 7th day and then decreased. The elimination of uniconazole enantiomers in earthworms followed the first-order kinetics equation, and the elimination half-lives were approximately 7 days. In artificial soil, the dissipation of uniconazole enantiomers was slow, and the dissipation half-lives were both 25.7 days. No enantioselectivity occurred in the earthworm-soil microcosm. These results may reduce the uncertainty of environmental risk assessment for uniconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Teng
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China.
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng M, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Liu R, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Multifaceted effects of difenoconazole in tomato fruit ripening: Physiology, flavour and nutritional quality. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:223-235. [PMID: 36434985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is widely used in crop growth, however, its effects on the quality of agricultural products are poorly studied. In this study, the application of difenoconazole on tomato plants could increase soluble sugar content, reduce organic acid and raise accumulation of nutrient-related metabolites during late fruit ripening. Consumer surveys in our study showed that the treatment of difenoconazole tomatoes group had higher sweetness and lower acidity, and those tomatoes were preferred by consumers. Alterations in fruit flavor-related attributes were at least in part corroborated by the abundance of transcripts related to sucrose (SlLin5, SlLin7, SlSuS2, SlSuS6, SlSPS1, SlSPS3) and organic acids (CS, ICDH, cMDH) anabolism. Furthermore, the difenoconazole also significantly promoted the expression of phytohormones synthesis genes, and consequently increased abscisic acid and ethylene levels. Our study not only provides theoretical support for the use of difenoconazole on tomatoes at the level of flavor quality and nutritional health, but also provides valuable information on the mechanism of triazole fungicides in the flavor quality of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yue XQ, Zhang Y, Yang CK, Li JG, Rui X, Ding F, Hu FC, Wang XH, Ma WQ, Zhou KB. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of carotenoid cleavage oxygenase genes in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:394. [PMID: 35945492 PMCID: PMC9361530 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) include the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid (NCED), which can catalize carotenoid to form various apocarotenoids and their derivatives, has been found that play important role in the plant world. But little information of CCO gene family has been reported in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) till date. RESULTS In this study, a total of 15 LcCCO genes in litchi were identified based on genome wide lever. Phylogeny analysis showed that LcCCO genes could be classified into six subfamilies (CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, CCD8, CCD-like, and NCED), which gene structure, domain and motifs exhibited similar distribution patterns in the same subfamilies. MiRNA target site prediction found that there were 32 miRNA target sites in 13 (86.7%) LcCCO genes. Cis-elements analysis showed that the largest groups of elements were light response related, following was plant hormones, stress and plant development related. Expression pattern analysis revealed that LcCCD4, LcNCED1, and LcNCED2 might be involving with peel coloration, LcCCDlike-b might be an important factor deciding fruit flavor, LcNCED2 and LcNCED3 might be related to flower control, LcNCED1 and LcNCED2 might function in fruitlet abscission, LcCCD4a1, LcCCD4a2, LcCCD1, LcCCD4, LcNCED1, and LcNCED2 might participate in postharvest storage of litchi. CONCLUSION Herein, Genome-wide analysis of the LcCCO genes was conducted in litchi to investigate their structure features and potential functions. These valuable and expectable information of LcCCO genes supplying in this study will offer further more possibility to promote quality improvement and breeding of litchi and further function investigation of this gene family in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qi Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crops Varieties, Ministry of Education, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crops Varieties, Ministry of Education, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crops Varieties, Ministry of Education, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Rui
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Fu-Chu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Xiang-He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Wu-Qiang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crops Varieties, Ministry of Education, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China.
| | - Kai-Bing Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crops Varieties, Ministry of Education, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Horticulture College, Hainan University, Hainan, 570311, Haikou, China.
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The Influence of Abiotic Factors on the Induction of Seaweed Callus. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are a major source of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Seaweed can be sustainably harvested through callus culture, which yields homogenous cells and bioproducts under controlled conditions. Callus induction is a crucial early step in callus culture and is influenced by several abiotic factors. This review aims to discuss the influence of abiotic factors on callus induction in seaweeds, a prerequisite for the application and development of seaweed callus culture. We used three online databases (Springer, Science Direct, and Wiley) to search for the literature on seaweed callus induction published between 1987 and 2020. Thirty-three articles for review were identified and analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The analysis covers 56 seaweed species (3% Chlorophyta, 44% Phaeophyta, and 53% Rhodophyta) under various abiotic treatments, including light irradiance (23%), temperature (15%), media type (21%), plant growth regulators (26%), gelling conditions (9%), and other factors (6%). The information on these abiotic factors is intended to be a practical reference and to foster the further study of the callus culture of seaweed. More studies are needed to determine how to maintain and increase callus mass in suspension culture for the industrial production of seaweed and its metabolites.
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Chen Y, Yu H, Wang Y, Li F, Xing Y, Ge X. Uniconazole Augments Abscisic Acid in Promoting Somatic Embryogenesis in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865778. [PMID: 35444669 PMCID: PMC9014122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During somatic embryogenesis (SE), somatic cells initiate embryogenic development under appropriate conditions. Uniconazole, a plant growth regulator, was found to inhibit the proliferation of callus but promoted the conversion of callus into an embryogenic callus (EC) in cotton. The supplementation of uniconazole in the culture medium significantly suppressed the endogenous auxin [indole acetic acid (IAA)] level in callus tissues in both the callus initiation and proliferation stage but enhanced the abscisic acid (ABA) level only in the callus proliferation stage. Exogenous ABA and uniconazole showed cooperative effects on promoting the differentiation rate of callus into EC. These findings were verified by RNA-seq analysis, which elucidated that the genes involved in the IAA biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling, and ABA metabolism pathways were regulated by uniconazole during the callus development and SE. Overall, the results suggest that uniconazole could modulate callus proliferation and callus differentiation rate by regulating the endogenous levels of IAA and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yadi Xing
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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Wang S, Zhou H, Feng N, Xiang H, Liu Y, Wang F, Li W, Feng S, Liu M, Zheng D. Physiological response of soybean leaves to uniconazole under waterlogging stress at R1 stage. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153579. [PMID: 34839099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a major limiting factor in global crop production and seriously endangers growth and yield improvement in low-lying, rainfed regions. Soybean is an important economic crop affected by waterlogging stress. The current study investigates the effects of waterlogging stress on the leaf physiology and yield of two soybean varieties (Kenfeng 14, waterlogging-tolerant and Kenfeng 16, waterlogging-sensitive) and the mitigation effect of uniconazole (S3307) in promoting growth and productivity under waterlogging conditions. The results showed that waterlogging stress increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as AsA and GSH. Furthermore, the content of MDA and H2O2 increased significantly, indicating oxidative stress and O2-· production rate also improved, and the increase in the waterlogging-sensitive variety Kenfeng 16 was greater than that of the waterlogging-tolerant variety Kenfeng 14. Spraying S3307, however, increased the activities of antioxidants such as SOD, POD, CAT, and APX. GR, MDHAR, and DHAR increased the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants, effectively inhibited the increase of MDA, H2O2 content, and O2-· production rate, and alleviated the loss of yield factors caused by waterlogging stress. The waterlogging-tolerant variety Kenfeng 14 recovered better than the waterlogging-sensitive variety Kenfeng 16. In summary, S3307 ameliorated the effects of waterlogging stress on the physiological characteristics of soybean leaves and improved yield as a result of improved antioxidant defense mechanisms that impeded lipid peroxidation. Thus, S3307 could decelerate the damages caused by waterlogging stress to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Wang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Hongtao Xiang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong province, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Qiqihar Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Wan Li
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shengjie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
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9
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Brookbank BP, Patel J, Gazzarrini S, Nambara E. Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121936. [PMID: 34946886 PMCID: PMC8700873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth and development under non-stressed conditions. This review summarizes phenotypes of ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants to clarify the roles of basal ABA in growth and development. The promotive and inhibitive actions of ABA in growth are characterized by stunted and enhanced growth of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants, respectively. Growth regulation by ABA is both promotive and inhibitive, depending on the context, such as concentrations, tissues, and environmental conditions. Basal ABA regulates local growth including hyponastic growth, skotomorphogenesis and lateral root growth. At the cellular level, basal ABA is essential for proper chloroplast biogenesis, central metabolism, and expression of cell-cycle genes. Basal ABA also regulates epidermis development in the shoot, by inhibiting stomatal development, and deposition of hydrophobic polymers like a cuticular wax layer covering the leaf surface. In the root, basal ABA is involved in xylem differentiation and suberization of the endodermis. Hormone crosstalk plays key roles in growth and developmental processes regulated by ABA. Phenotypes of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants indicate prominent functions of basal ABA in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Brookbank
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jasmin Patel
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
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10
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Guo D, He R, Su W, Zheng C, Zhang W, Fan J. Stereochemistry of chiral pesticide uniconazole and enantioselective metabolism in rat liver microsomes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104964. [PMID: 34802514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, stereochemistry of uniconazole enantiomers and their metabolism behaviors in rat liver microsomes have been researched. Significance analysis has been applied in data processing. Absolute configurations of uniconazole enantiomers were identified through vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. According to their elution order from the chiral column using the CO2-methanol (80:20, v/v) mixture, two eluted fractions were determined to be (R)-uniconazole and (S)-uniconazole, respectively. A high-efficient and sensitive LC-MS/MS chiral analysis method was established for investigating the metabolism of uniconazole enantiomers in rat liver microsomes. The metabolic half-life of (R)-uniconazole (38.7 min) in rat liver microsomes was half that of (S)-enantiomer (74.5 min), and maximum velocity of metabolism, Michaelis constant of metabolism as well as the intrinsic metabolic clearance of (R)-uniconazole were significantly higher than (S)-enantiomer (p < 0.05), which indicated that (R)-uniconazole was preferentially metabolized in rat liver microsomes. By the virtue of molecular docking, (R)-uniconazole exhibited a higher binding affinity to cytochrome CYP2D2 than (S)-enantiomer, which corroborated well with the metabolism results. This work will shed light on the risk assessment of uniconazole toward human health and the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Research & Creativity Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Rujian He
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenxia Su
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chun Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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11
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Physiological and transcriptome analyses for assessing the effects of exogenous uniconazole on drought tolerance in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:14476. [PMID: 34262091 PMCID: PMC8280108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniconazole (S-(+)-uniconazole), a plant growth retardant, exerts key roles in modulating growth and development and increasing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. However, the underlying mechanisms by which uniconazole regulates drought response remain largely unknown. Here, the effects of exogenous uniconazole on drought tolerance in hemp were studied via physiological and transcriptome analyses of the drought-sensitive industrial hemp cultivar Hanma No. 2 grown under drought stress. Exogenous uniconazole treatment increased hemp tolerance to drought-induced damage by enhancing chlorophyll content and photosynthesis capacity, regulating activities of enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and altering endogenous hormone levels. Expression of genes associated with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly regulated by uniconazole compared with that by control (distilled water) under drought stress. Numerous genes were differentially expressed to increase chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, regulate carbon-nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities, and alter endogenous hormone levels. Thus, uniconazole regulated physiological and molecular characteristics of photosynthesis, carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction to enhance drought resistance in industrial hemp.
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12
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Cheng YD, Bai YX, Jia M, Chen Y, Wang D, Wu T, Wang G, Yang HW. Potential risks of nicotine on the germination, growth, and nutritional properties of broad bean. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111797. [PMID: 33340958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the allelopathy, uptake and accumulation, and potential agricultural and food safety risks of nicotine in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) during seed germination and seedling growth. Nicotine stress has an allelopathic inhibitory effect on seeds and a hormesis effect on germinated seeds and seedlings, which has an enhancement effect (<50 mg kg-1) and an inhibition effect (>100 mg kg-1) on the germinated seeds and an enhancement effect (<100 mg kg-1) and an inhibition effect (>200 mg kg-1) on the seedlings. Exogenous nicotine can be absorbed by broad bean roots from nicotine-contaminated soil and accumulated in the main organs of the seedlings, especially the leaves, which exceeded the maximum residue level (0.03 mg kg-1 DW) at 50 mg kg-1. Moreover, nicotine resulted in a bitter taste in the edible broad bean leaves, disrupting the balance of basic nutritional properties, decreasing sucrose, and increasing bitter substances such as choline and procyanidin. These results demonstrated that residual nicotine in the soil not only poses potential risks to sustainable agricultural development but also a food safety risk for consumers. The present study provides insight into the potential risks of nicotine in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Cheng
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bai
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Meng Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., LTD. Kunming 650231, China
| | - Ge Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China.
| | - Huan-Wen Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650231, China.
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13
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Ahmad I, Kamran M, Meng X, Ali S, Ahmad S, Gao Z, Liu T, Han Q. Hormonal changes with uniconazole trigger canopy apparent photosynthesis and grain filling in wheat crop in a semi-arid climate. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:139-150. [PMID: 32968872 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are important for the growth and development of plants. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of foliar application of uniconazole (UCZ) at the four-leaf stage on hormone crosstalk and production of winter wheat. An experiment was carried out during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growth season in a semi-arid region, where UCZ at a concentration of 0 (CK, distilled water), 15 (FU15), 30 (FU30), and 45 (FU45) mg L-1 were sprayed on wheat crop at the four-leaf stage at a rate of 138.8 mL m-2. UCZ alters the endogenous hormone contents in flag leaves and in grains. UCZ inhibited gibberellic acid (GA) in flag leaves and in grains where the lower GA with UCZ improved the zeatin + zeatin riboside (Z + ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents. The lower GA and higher Z + ZR and ABA contents with UCZ-treated plants improved the chlorophyll content and canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) as well as the grain-filling characteristics. The Z + ZR and ABA in flag leaves were positively correlated with chlorophyll content and CAP value while negatively with GA. Moreover, the Z + ZR and ABA were positively correlated with maximum grain weight, mean grain-filling rate, and maximum grain-filling rate, while negatively with GA level. Treatment FU30 significantly improved the chlorophyll content, CAP value, spike weight, grain-filling characteristics, and hormone contents of Z + ZR and ABA while it decreased the GA level. The hormone crosstalk with UCZ significantly increased the yield of wheat crop, where FU30 treatment performs better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Tiening Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingfang Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Hewage KAH, Yang J, Wang D, Hao G, Yang G, Zhu J. Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001265. [PMID: 32999840 PMCID: PMC7509701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best-known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small-molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA-based agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalani Achala H. Hewage
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biologyand CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai20032P. R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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15
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Tominaga T, Miura C, Takeda N, Kanno Y, Takemura Y, Seo M, Yamato M, Kaminaka H. Gibberellin Promotes Fungal Entry and Colonization during Paris-Type Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Eustoma grandiflorum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:565-575. [PMID: 31790118 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) are divided into two types according to morphology: Arum- and Paris-type AMs. Gibberellins (GAs) mainly inhibit the establishment of Arum-type AM symbiosis in most model plants, whereas the effects of GAs on Paris-type AM symbiosis are unclear. To provide insight into the mechanism underlying this type of symbiosis, the roles of GAs were investigated in Eustoma grandiflorum when used as the host plant for Paris-type AM establishment. Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings were inoculated with the model AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, and the effects of GA and the GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole-P on the symbiosis were quantitatively evaluated. Exogenous GA significantly increased hyphopodium formation at the epidermis, thus leading to the promotion of fungal colonization and arbuscule formation in the root cortex. By contrast, the suppression of GA biosynthesis and signaling attenuated fungal entry to E. grandiflorum roots. Moreover, the exudates from GA-treated roots strongly induced the hyphal branching of R. irregularis. Our results show that GA has an contrasting effect on Paris-type AM symbiosis in E. grandiflorum compared with Arum-type AM symbiosis. This finding could be explained by the differential regulation of the early colonization stage, where fungal hyphae make contact with and penetrate the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Tominaga
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553 Japan
| | - Chihiro Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553 Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1337 Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | | | - Mitsunori Seo
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Masahide Yamato
- Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
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16
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Ahmad I, Kamran M, Meng X, Ali S, Bilegjargal B, Cai T, Liu T, Han Q. Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Filling, Endogenous Hormone Contents and Maize Production in Semiarid Regions. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2019; 38:1467-1480. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-019-09949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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17
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Rozhon W, Akter S, Fernandez A, Poppenberger B. Inhibitors of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction. Molecules 2019; 24:E4372. [PMID: 31795392 PMCID: PMC6930552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating protein function in reverse genetic approaches. Their application bears many advantages over mutant generation and characterization. Inhibitors can overcome functional redundancy, their application is not limited to species for which tools of molecular genetics are available and they can be applied to specific tissues or developmental stages, making them highly convenient for addressing biological questions. The use of inhibitors has helped to elucidate hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and here we review compounds that were developed for the plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs). BRs are steroids that have strong growth-promoting capacities, are crucial for all stages of plant development and participate in adaptive growth processes and stress response reactions. In the last two decades, impressive progress has been made in BR inhibitor development and application, which has been instrumental for studying BR modes of activity and identifying and characterizing key players. Both, inhibitors that target biosynthesis, such as brassinazole, and inhibitors that target signaling, such as bikinin, exist and in a comprehensive overview we summarize knowledge and methodology that enabled their design and key findings of their use. In addition, the potential of BR inhibitors for commercial application in plant production is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Rozhon
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
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18
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Fujiyama K, Hino T, Kanadani M, Watanabe B, Jae Lee H, Mizutani M, Nagano S. Structural insights into a key step of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and its inhibition. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:589-594. [PMID: 31182839 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development1. The most potent BR, brassinolide, is produced by addition of many oxygen atoms to campesterol by several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). CYP90B1 (also known as DWF4) catalyses the 22(S)-hydroxylation of campesterol and is the first and rate-limiting enzyme at the branch point of the biosynthetic pathway from sterols to BRs2. Here we show the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana CYP90B1 complexed with cholesterol as a substrate. The substrate-binding conformation explains the stereoselective introduction of a hydroxy group at the 22S position, facilitating hydrogen bonding of brassinolide with the BR receptor3-5. We also determined the crystal structures of CYP90B1 complexed with uniconazole6,7 or brassinazole8, which inhibit BR biosynthesis. The two inhibitors are structurally similar; however, their binding conformations are unexpectedly different. The shape and volume of the active site pocket varies depending on which inhibitor or substrate is bound. These crystal structures of plant CYPs that function as membrane-anchored enzymes and exhibit structural plasticity can inform design of novel inhibitors targeting plant membrane-bound CYPs, including those involved in BR biosynthesis, which could then be used as plant growth regulators and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanadani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shingo Nagano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
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19
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,3-Dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-One Derivatives as Plant Growth Regulators. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Rubio S, Noriega X, Pérez FJ. ABA promotes starch synthesis and storage metabolism in dormant grapevine buds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:1-8. [PMID: 30639992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) buds, the short day (SD)-photoperiod induces endodormancy and increases the level of ABA and the expression of ABA key biosynthesis genes, which suggests that ABA could be the mediator of the photoperiodic induction of endodormancy. In the present study, it was established that during the development of the endodormancy, the content of ABA and the accumulation of starch increased in parallel in the buds; however, these increases occurred after the buds were already in the state of endodormancy. Despite this finding the exogenous applications of ABA to single-bud cuttings increased the starch content and up-regulated the expression of starch synthesis genes (VvSS1 and VvSS3) and down-regulated the expression of sucrose metabolism genes, invertase (VvINV) and sucrose phosphate synthase (VvSUPS). In addition, the manipulation of the endogenous content of ABA in the grapevine buds by applications of hydrogen cyanamide and uniconazole-P, revealed that the depth of the endodormancy depends on the ABA levels. Taken together, the results indicate that the development of the endodormancy in grapevine buds is associated with the accumulation of starch and a shift in metabolism towards a storage metabolism; as ABA stimulates both processes, it must play an important role in the maintenance and release but not the induction of endodormancy in grapevine buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Rubio
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Li J, Ren GY, Zhang Y, Yang MY, Ma HX. Two Cu(II) complexes of 1,2,4-triazole fungicides with enhanced antifungal activities. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Ahmad I, Kamran M, Ali S, Cai T, Bilegjargal B, Liu T, Han Q. Seed filling in maize and hormones crosstalk regulated by exogenous application of uniconazole in semiarid regions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33225-33239. [PMID: 30255270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In semiarid regions, deficit and unpredictable precipitation results in yield losses. Uniconazole is a plant growth regulator and its application is beneficial in water saving agriculture and improves maize production in semiarid regions. In order to determine the effects of uniconazole application on seed filling and hormonal changes of maize, a field study was conducted in the summer of 2015 and 2016. Seeds were soaked in uniconazole at concentration of 0 (SCK), 25 (S25), 50 (S50), and 75 (S75) mg kg-1, while in the second experiment, uniconazole was applied to the foliage at concentration of 0 (FCK), 25 (F25), 50 (F50), and 75 (F75) mg L-1 at the eight-leaf. Uniconazole application significantly improves the seed filling rates by regulating the endogenous hormones contents. Uniconazole seed soaking treatments improved significantly the seed filling rate of superior, middle, and inferior seeds compared with foliar application treatments. Uniconazole improved significantly the zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents while reducing the gibberellic acid (GA) content in the seeds during the process of seed filling. The Z + ZR and ABA contents were significantly positively correlated while the GA content was negatively correlated with maximum seed weight, maximum seed filling rates, and mean seed filling rates. Treatments S25 and F25 significantly improved the above dry matter accumulation plant-1, seed filling rates, ABA, Z + ZR contents, characters of ear, and grain yield while reduced the GA content. It is concluded from our results that the uniconazole application at concentration of 25 mg kg-1 as seed soaking or 25 mg L-1 foliar applied at the eight-leaf stage is beneficial to improve the seed filling rates and grain yield of maize in semiarid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shahzad Ali
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tie Cai
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bayasgalan Bilegjargal
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiening Liu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingfang Han
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Jiang K, Asami T. Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1265-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1462693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Plant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Dejonghe W, Okamoto M, Cutler SR. Small Molecule Probes of ABA Biosynthesis and Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1490-1499. [PMID: 29986078 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ABA mediates many physiological and developmental responses, and its key role in plant water relations has fueled efforts to improve crop water productivity by manipulating ABA responses. ABA's core signaling components are encoded by large gene families, which has hampered functional studies using classical genetic approaches due to redundancy. Chemical approaches can complement genetic approaches and have the advantage of delivering both biological probes and potential agrochemical leads; these benefits have spawned the discovery and design of new chemical modulators of ABA signaling and biosynthesis, which have contributed to the identification of ABA receptors and helped to define PYR1 and related subfamily III receptors as key cellular targets for chemically manipulating water productivity. In this review, we provide an overview of small molecules that have helped dissect both ABA signaling and metabolic pathways. We further discuss how the insights gleaned using ABA probe molecules might be translated to improvements in crop water productivity and future opportunities for development of small molecules that affect ABA metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Dejonghe
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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25
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Best NB, Johal G, Dilkes BP. Phytohormone inhibitor treatments phenocopy brassinosteroid-gibberellin dwarf mutant interactions in maize. PLANT DIRECT 2017; 1:PLD39. [PMID: 31240275 PMCID: PMC6508556 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone biosynthesis produces metabolites with profound effects on plant growth and development. Modulation of hormone levels during developmental events, in response to the environment, by genetic polymorphism, or by chemical application, can reveal the plant processes most responsive to a phytohormone. Applications of chemical inhibitors and subsequent measurements of specific phytohormones can determine whether, and which, phytohormone is affected by a molecule. In many cases, the sensitivity of biochemical testing has determined multiple pathways affected by a single inhibitor. Genetic studies are not subject to this problem, and a wealth of data about the morphological impacts of hormone biosynthetic inhibition have accumulated through the study of enzyme mutants. In this work, we sought to assess the specificity of three triazole inhibitors of cytochrome P450s by determining their abilities to recapitulate the phenotypes of single and double mutants affected in the production of brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. The GA biosynthetic inhibitors uniconazole (UCZ) and paclobutrazol (PAC) were applied to the BR biosynthetic mutant nana plant2 (na2), and all double-mutant phenotypes were recovered in the UCZ treatment. PAC was unable to suppress the retention of pistils in the tassels of na2 mutant plants. The BR biosynthetic inhibitor propiconazole (PCZ) suppressed tiller outgrowth in the GA biosynthetic mutant dwarf5 (d5). All treatments were additive with genetic mutants for effects on plant height. Due to additional measurements performed here but not in previous studies of the double mutants, we detected new interactions between GA and BR biosynthesis affecting the days to tassel emergence and tassel branching. These experiments, a refinement of our previous model, and a discussion of the extension of this type of work are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman B. Best
- Department of Horticulture & Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Guri Johal
- Department of Botany & Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Brian P. Dilkes
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
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26
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Wang J, Baskin JM, Baskin CC, Liu G, Yang X, Huang Z. Seed dormancy and germination of the medicinal holoparasitic plant Cistanche deserticola from the cold desert of northwest China. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:279-285. [PMID: 28412632 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola is a holoparasitic plant with high medicinal value that reproduces only by seeds. However, the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination of this species remain unclear. The freshly matured dust-like seeds consist of a water-permeable seed coat and an undifferentiated oval-shaped embryo embedded in endosperm. No fresh seeds germinated in water or a 10-5 M fluridone solution at any incubation temperature within 60 days. Length of embryos in seeds incubated in warm- and cold-started stratification sequences had increased 10.4 and 11.7% after 50 and 40 weeks, respectively. After 6 months, length of embryos in seeds stratified at 5 °C had increased by 12%. Germination of fresh seeds and of seeds stratified at 5 °C for 6 months and then incubated in mixed fluridone/gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) solutions at 30/20 °C germinated to only 2.6 and 11.7%, respectively. Embryos of fresh seeds and of cold-stratified seeds had increased 29.4 and 15.8% in length, respectively, at the time of germination, but they never differentiated into organs. The highest germination (54.4%) was for seeds incubated in a 10-5 M solution of fluridone in darkness in spring that had overwinter on the soil surface in the natural habitat. Our study indicates that breaking of physiological dormancy (PD) occurs first and then the embryo grows to a critical length (0.44 mm) without differentiation into organs prior to seed germination. Seeds for which PD had been broken were induced to germinate by fluridone and GA3 at high temperature. Taken together, these results suggest that C. deserticola seeds have a specialized kind of morphophysiological dormancy. This study reveals possible ways to release seed dormancy that will be useful in propagating this medicinal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Guofang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Zhenying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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27
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Wei Y, Dong C, Zhang H, Zheng X, Shu B, Shi S, Li W. Transcriptional changes in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) inflorescences treated with uniconazole. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176053. [PMID: 28419137 PMCID: PMC5395186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, treating shoots with uniconazole can result in enhanced primary root elongation and bolting delay. Uniconazole spraying has become an important cultivation technique in controlling the flowering and improving the fruit-setting of litchi. However, the mechanism by which uniconazole regulates the complicated developmental processes in litchi remains unclear. This study aimed to determine which signal pathways and genes drive the responses of litchi inflorescences to uniconazole treatment. We monitored the transcriptional activity in inflorescences after uniconazole treatment by Illumina sequencing technology. The global expression profiles of uniconazole-treated litchi inflorescences were compared with those of the control, and 4051 differentially expressed genes were isolated. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway served key functions in the flower developmental stage under uniconazole treatment. Basing on the transcriptional analysis of genes involved in flower development, we hypothesized that uniconazole treatment increases the ratio of female flowers by activating the transcription of pistil-related genes. This phenomenon increases opportunities for pollination and fertilization, thereby enhancing the fruit-bearing rate. In addition, uniconazole treatment regulates the expression of unigenes involved in numerous transcription factor families, especially the bHLH and WRKY families. These findings suggest that the uniconazole-induced morphological changes in litchi inflorescences are related to the control of hormone signaling, the regulation of flowering genes, and the expression levels of various transcription factors. This study provides comprehensive inflorescence transcriptome data to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of litchi flowers to uniconazole treatment and enumerates possible candidate genes that can be used to guide future research in controlling litchi flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuewen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Shu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shengyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Yin X, Hiraga S, Hajika M, Nishimura M, Komatsu S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the flooding tolerant mechanism in flooding tolerant line and abscisic acid treated soybean. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:479-496. [PMID: 28012053 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is highly sensitive to flooding stress and exhibits markedly reduced plant growth and grain yield under flooding conditions. To explore the mechanisms underlying initial flooding tolerance in soybean, RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis was performed using a flooding-tolerant line and ABA-treated soybean. A total of 31 genes included 12 genes that exhibited similar temporal patterns were commonly changed in these plant groups in response to flooding and they were mainly involved in RNA regulation and protein metabolism. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 1, and cytochrome P450 77A1 was up-regulated in wild-type soybean under flooding conditions; however, no changes were detected in the flooding-tolerant line or ABA-treated soybean. The mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 77A1 was specifically up-regulated in root tips by flooding stress, but returned to the level found in control plants following treatment with the P450 inhibitor uniconazole. The survival ratio and root fresh weight of plants were markedly improved by 3-h uniconazole treatment under flooding stress. Taken together, these results suggest that cytochrome P450 77A1 is suppressed by uniconazole treatment and that this inhibition may enhance soybean tolerance to flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Yin
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Susumu Hiraga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Makita Hajika
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Minoru Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life and Food Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan.
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29
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Tao X, Fang Y, Huang MJ, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Ma XR, Zhao H. High flavonoid accompanied with high starch accumulation triggered by nutrient starvation in bioenergy crop duckweed (Landoltia punctata). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:166. [PMID: 28201992 PMCID: PMC5310006 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the fastest growing plant, duckweed can thrive on anthropogenic wastewater. The purple-backed duckweed, Landoltia punctata, is rich in starch and flavonoids. However, the molecular biological basis of high flavonoid and low lignin content remains largely unknown, as does the best method to combine nutrients removed from sewage and the utilization value improvement of duckweed biomass. Results A combined omics study was performed to investigate the biosynthesis of flavonoid and the metabolic flux changes in L. punctata grown in different culture medium. Phenylalanine metabolism related transcripts were identified and carefully analyzed. Expression quantification results showed that most of the flavonoid biosynthetic transcripts were relatively highly expressed, while most lignin-related transcripts were poorly expressed or failed to be detected by iTRAQ based proteomic analyses. This explains why duckweed has a much lower lignin percentage and higher flavonoid content than most other plants. Growing in distilled water, expression of most flavonoid-related transcripts were increased, while most were decreased in uniconazole treated L. punctata (1/6 × Hoagland + 800 mg•L-1 uniconazole). When L. punctata was cultivated in full nutrient medium (1/6 × Hoagland), more than half of these transcripts were increased, however others were suppressed. Metabolome results showed that a total of 20 flavonoid compounds were separated by HPLC in L. punctata grown in uniconazole and full nutrient medium. The quantities of all 20 compounds were decreased by uniconazole, while 11 were increased and 6 decreased when grown in full nutrient medium. Nutrient starvation resulted in an obvious purple accumulation on the underside of each frond. Conclusions The high flavonoid and low lignin content of L. punctata appears to be predominantly caused by the flavonoid-directed metabolic flux. Nutrient starvation is the best option to obtain high starch and flavonoid accumulation simultaneously in a short time for biofuels fermentation and natural products isolation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3559-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng-Jun Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,College of Life Science & Forestry, Chongqing University of Art & Science, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin-Rong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hai Zhao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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30
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Fanourakis D, Bouranis D, Giday H, Carvalho DRA, Rezaei Nejad A, Ottosen CO. Improving stomatal functioning at elevated growth air humidity: A review. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 207:51-60. [PMID: 27792901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown at high relative air humidity (RH≥85%) are prone to lethal wilting upon transfer to conditions of high evaporative demand. The reduced survival of these plants is related to (i) increased cuticular permeability, (ii) changed anatomical features (i.e., longer pore length and higher stomatal density), (iii) reduced rehydration ability, (iv) impaired water potential sensitivity to leaf dehydration and, most importantly, (v) compromised stomatal closing ability. This review presents a critical analysis of the strategies which stimulate stomatal functioning during plant development at high RH. These include (a) breeding for tolerant cultivars, (b) interventions with respect to the belowground environment (i.e., water deficit, increased salinity, nutrient culture and grafting) as well as (c) manipulation of the aerial environment [i.e., increased proportion of blue light, increased air movement, temporal temperature rise, and spraying with abscisic acid (ABA)]. Root hypoxia, mechanical disturbance, as well as spraying with compounds mimicking ABA, lessening its inactivation or stimulating its within-leaf redistribution are also expected to improve stomatal functioning of leaves expanded in humid air. Available evidence leaves little doubt that genotypic and phenotypic differences in stomatal functioning following cultivation at high RH are realized through the intermediacy of ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fanourakis
- School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, GR 71004 Heraklio, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Habtamu Giday
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dália R A Carvalho
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark
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31
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Takeuchi J, Okamoto M, Mega R, Kanno Y, Ohnishi T, Seo M, Todoroki Y. Abscinazole-E3M, a practical inhibitor of abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase for improving drought tolerance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37060. [PMID: 27841331 PMCID: PMC5107945 DOI: 10.1038/srep37060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone that regulates plant water use and drought tolerance. However, agricultural applications of ABA have been limited because of its rapid inactivation in plants, which involves hydroxylation of ABA by ABA 8′-hydroxylase (CYP707A). We previously developed a selective inhibitor of CYP707A, (−)-Abz-E2B, by structurally modifying S-uniconazole, which functions as an inhibitor of CYP707A and as a gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme. However, its synthetic yield is too low for practical applications. Therefore, we designed novel CYP707A inhibitors, Abz-T compounds, that have simpler structures in which the 1,2,3-triazolyl ring of (−)-Abz-E2B has been replaced with a triple bond. They were successfully synthesised in shorter steps, resulting in greater yields than that of (−)-Abz-E2B. In the enzymatic assays, one of the Abz-T compounds, (−)-Abz-E3M, acted as a strong and selective inhibitor of CYP707A, similar to (−)-Abz-E2B. Analysis of the biological effects in Arabidopsis revealed that (−)-Abz-E3M enhanced ABA’s effects more than (−)-Abz-E2B in seed germination and in the expression of ABA-responsive genes. Treatment with (−)-Abz-E3M induced stomatal closure and improved drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, (−)-Abz-E3M also increased the ABA response in rice and maize. Thus, (−)-Abz-E3M is a more practical and effective inhibitor of CYP707A than (−)-Abz-E2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takeuchi
- College of Global-Interdisciplinary Studies, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mega
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Reseach Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Reseach Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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32
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Liu X, Hu P, Huang M, Tang Y, Li Y, Li L, Hou X. The NF-YC-RGL2 module integrates GA and ABA signalling to regulate seed germination in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12768. [PMID: 27624486 PMCID: PMC5027291 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antagonistic crosstalk between gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) plays a pivotal role in the modulation of seed germination. However, the molecular mechanism of such phytohormone interaction remains largely elusive. Here we show that three Arabidopsis NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y C (NF-YC) homologues NF-YC3, NF-YC4 and NF-YC9 redundantly modulate GA- and ABA-mediated seed germination. These NF-YCs interact with the DELLA protein RGL2, a key repressor of GA signalling. The NF-YC–RGL2 module targets ABI5, a gene encoding a core component of ABA signalling, via specific CCAAT elements and collectively regulates a set of GA- and ABA-responsive genes, thus controlling germination. These results suggest that the NF-YC–RGL2–ABI5 module integrates GA and ABA signalling pathways during seed germination. Crosstalk between gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulates seed germination. Here the authors show that NF-YC transcription factors can interact with the RGL2 DELLA protein to regulate expression of ABI5 and therefore modulate ABA- and GA-responsive gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Pengwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingkun Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Gasperl A, Morvan-Bertrand A, Prud'homme MP, van der Graaff E, Roitsch T. Exogenous Classic Phytohormones Have Limited Regulatory Effects on Fructan and Primary Carbohydrate Metabolism in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1251. [PMID: 26834764 PMCID: PMC4719101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are polymers of fructose and one of the main constituents of water-soluble carbohydrates in forage grasses and cereal crops of temperate climates. Fructans are involved in cold and drought resistance, regrowth following defoliation and early spring growth, seed filling, have beneficial effects on human health and are used for industrial processes. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) serves as model species to study fructan metabolism. Fructan metabolism is under the control of both synthesis by fructosyltransferases (FTs) and breakdown through fructan exohydrolases (FEHs). The accumulation of fructans can be triggered by high sucrose levels and abiotic stress conditions such as drought and cold stress. However, detailed studies on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of fructan metabolism are scarce. Since different phytohormones, especially abscisic acid (ABA), are known to play an important role in abiotic stress responses, the possible short term regulation of the enzymes involved in fructan metabolism by the five classical phytohormones was investigated. Therefore, the activities of enzymes involved in fructan synthesis and breakdown, the expression levels for the corresponding genes and levels for water-soluble carbohydrates were determined following pulse treatments with ABA, auxin (AUX), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), or kinetin (KIN). The most pronounced fast effects were a transient increase of FT activities by AUX, KIN, ABA, and ET, while minor effects were evident for 1-FEH activity with an increased activity in response to KIN and a decrease by GA. Fructan and sucrose levels were not affected. This observed discrepancy demonstrates the importance of determining enzyme activities to obtain insight into the physiological traits and ultimately the plant phenotype. The comparative analyses of activities for seven key enzymes of primary carbohydrate metabolism revealed no co-regulation between enzymes of the fructan and sucrose pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasperl
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Normandie UniversitéCaen, France
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCSCaen, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- Normandie UniversitéCaen, France
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCSCaen, France
| | | | - Thomas Roitsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazGraz, Austria
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34
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Serra AA, Couée I, Heijnen D, Michon-Coudouel S, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Metabolic Analysis Uncover Multiple Molecular Responses of the Grass Species Lolium perenne Under Low-Intensity Xenobiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1124. [PMID: 26734031 PMCID: PMC4681785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lolium perenne, which is a major component of pastures, lawns, and grass strips, can be exposed to xenobiotic stresses due to diffuse and residual contaminations of soil. L. perenne was recently shown to undergo metabolic adjustments in response to sub-toxic levels of xenobiotics. To gain insight in such chemical stress responses, a de novo transcriptome analysis was carried out on leaves from plants subjected at the root level to low levels of xenobiotics, glyphosate, tebuconazole, and a combination of the two, leading to no adverse physiological effect. Chemical treatments influenced significantly the relative proportions of functional categories and of transcripts related to carbohydrate processes, to signaling, to protein-kinase cascades, such as Serine/Threonine-protein kinases, to transcriptional regulations, to responses to abiotic or biotic stimuli and to responses to phytohormones. Transcriptomics-based expressions of genes encoding different types of SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting 1)-related kinases involved in sugar and stress signaling or encoding key metabolic enzymes were in line with specific qRT-PCR analysis or with the important metabolic and regulatory changes revealed by metabolomic analysis. The effects of pesticide treatments on metabolites and gene expression strongly suggest that pesticides at low levels, as single molecule or as mixture, affect cell signaling and functioning even in the absence of major physiological impact. This global analysis of L. perenne therefore highlighted the interactions between molecular regulation of responses to xenobiotics, and also carbohydrate dynamics, energy dysfunction, phytohormones and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Antonella Serra
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - David Heijnen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Sophie Michon-Coudouel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMS 3343 OSURRennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
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35
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Huang M, Fang Y, Liu Y, Jin Y, Sun J, Tao X, Ma X, He K, Zhao H. Using proteomic analysis to investigate uniconazole-induced phytohormone variation and starch accumulation in duckweed (Landoltia punctata). BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:81. [PMID: 26369558 PMCID: PMC4570701 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duckweed (Landoltia punctata) has the potential to remediate wastewater and accumulate enormous amounts of starch for bioethanol production. Using systematical screening, we determined that the highest biomass and starch percentage of duckweed was obtained after uniconazole application. Uniconazole contributes to starch accumulation of duckweed, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS To elucidate the mechanisms of high starch accumulation, in the study, the responses of L. punctata to uniconazole were investigated using a quantitative proteomic approach combined with physiological and biochemical analysis. A total of 3327 proteins were identified. Among these identified proteins, a large number of enzymes involved in endogenous hormone synthetic and starch metabolic pathways were affected. Notably, most of the enzymes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis showed up-regulated expression, which was consistent with the content variation. The increased endogenous ABA may up-regulate expression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase to promote starch biosynthesis. Importantly, the expression levels of several key enzymes in the starch biosynthetic pathway were up-regulated, which supported the enzymatic assay results and may explain why there is increased starch accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These generated data linked uniconazole with changes in expression of enzymes involved in hormone biosynthesis and starch metabolic pathways and elucidated the effect of hormones on starch accumulation. Thus, this study not only provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of uniconazole-induced hormone variation and starch accumulation but also highlighted the potential for duckweed to be feedstock for biofuel as well as for sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yang Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yanling Jin
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiaolong Sun
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiang Tao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xinrong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Kaize He
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hai Zhao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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36
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Liu Y, Fang Y, Huang M, Jin Y, Sun J, Tao X, Zhang G, He K, Zhao Y, Zhao H. Uniconazole-induced starch accumulation in the bioenergy crop duckweed (Landoltia punctata) I: transcriptome analysis of the effects of uniconazole on chlorophyll and endogenous hormone biosynthesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:57. [PMID: 25866562 PMCID: PMC4392464 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duckweed is a novel aquatic bioenergy crop that is found ubiquitously throughout the world. Uniconazole plays an important role in improving crop production through the regulation of endogenous hormone levels. We found that a high quantity and quality of duckweed growth can be achieved by uniconazole application, although the mechanisms are unknown. RESULTS The fronds of Landoltia punctata were sprayed evenly with 800 mg/L uniconazole. The dry weight following treatment increased by 10% compared to the controls at 240 h. Endogenous cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) content both increased compared to the control, while the level of gibberellins (GAs) decreased. Additionally, gene expression profiling results showed that the expression of transcripts encoding key enzymes involved in endogenous CK and ABA biosynthesis were up-regulated, while the transcripts of key enzymes for GAs biosynthesis were down-regulated. On the other hand, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents were both increased compared with the control. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate was elevated to 25.6 μmol CO2/m(2)/s compared with the control value of 22.05 μmol CO2/m(2)/s. Importantly, the expression of some chlorophyll biosynthesis-related transcripts was up-regulated. CONCLUSION Uniconazole treatment altered endogenous hormone levels and enhanced chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in duckweed by regulating key enzymes involved in endogenous hormone and chlorophyll biosynthesis. The alterations of endogenous hormones and the increase of chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate data support the increase of biomass and starch accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yang Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiaolong Sun
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Kaize He
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Takeuchi J, Okamoto M, Akiyama T, Muto T, Yajima S, Sue M, Seo M, Kanno Y, Kamo T, Endo A, Nambara E, Hirai N, Ohnishi T, Cutler SR, Todoroki Y. Designed abscisic acid analogs as antagonists of PYL-PP2C receptor interactions. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:477-82. [PMID: 24792952 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is critical for several abiotic stress responses. ABA signaling is normally repressed by group-A protein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs), but stress-induced ABA binds Arabidopsis PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYL) receptors, which then bind and inhibit PP2Cs. X-ray structures of several receptor-ABA complexes revealed a tunnel above ABA's 3' ring CH that opens at the PP2C binding interface. Here, ABA analogs with sufficiently long 3' alkyl chains were predicted to traverse this tunnel and block PYL-PP2C interactions. To test this, a series of 3'-alkylsulfanyl ABAs were synthesized with different alkyl chain lengths. Physiological, biochemical and structural analyses revealed that a six-carbon alkyl substitution produced a potent ABA antagonist that was sufficiently active to block multiple stress-induced ABA responses in vivo. This study provides a new approach for the design of ABA analogs, and the results validated structure-based design for this target class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takeuchi
- 1] Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [2]
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- 1] Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. [2] Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA. [3]
| | - Tomonori Akiyama
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Muto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsunashi Kamo
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- 1] Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2]
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- 1] Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [2] Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- 1] Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [2] Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [3] Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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38
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Couée I, Serra AA, Ramel F, Gouesbet G, Sulmon C. Physiology and toxicology of hormone-disrupting chemicals in higher plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:933-41. [PMID: 23553555 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants are exposed to natural environmental organic chemicals, associated with plant-environment interactions, and xenobiotic environmental organic chemicals, associated with anthropogenic activities. The effects of these chemicals result not only from interaction with metabolic targets, but also from interaction with the complex regulatory networks of hormone signaling. Purpose-designed plant hormone analogues thus show extensive signaling effects on gene regulation and are as such important for understanding plant hormone mechanisms and for manipulating plant growth and development. Some natural environmental chemicals also act on plants through interference with the perception and transduction of endogenous hormone signals. In a number of cases, bioactive xenobiotics, including herbicides that have been designed to affect specific metabolic targets, show extensive gene regulation effects, which are more in accordance with signaling effects than with consequences of metabolic effects. Some of these effects could be due to structural analogies with plant hormones or to interference with hormone metabolism, thus resulting in situations of hormone disruption similar to animal cell endocrine disruption by xenobiotics. These hormone-disrupting effects can be superimposed on parallel metabolic effects, thus indicating that toxicological characterisation of xenobiotics must take into consideration the whole range of signaling and metabolic effects. Hormone-disruptive signaling effects probably predominate when xenobiotic concentrations are low, as occurs in situations of residual low-level pollutions. These hormone-disruptive effects in plants may thus be of importance for understanding cryptic effects of low-dosage xenobiotics, as well as the interactive effects of mixtures of xenobiotic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Couée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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39
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Ito S, Umehara M, Hanada A, Yamaguchi S, Asami T. Effects of strigolactone-biosynthesis inhibitor TIS108 on Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e24193. [PMID: 23511201 PMCID: PMC3907539 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
TIS108 is a triazole-type strigolactone (SL)-biosynthesis inhibitor that reduces the level of 2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol (epi-5DS) in rice. Here we report the effects of TIS108 on Arabidopsis. Treatment of TIS108 increased the number of branches and repressed root hair elongation as was observed in SL-deficient mutants, and co-application of GR24, a synthetic SL analog, recovered the TIS108-induced phenotype to that of wild-type. In addition, MAX3 and MAX4 genes in the SL-biosynthesis pathway were upregulated in TIS108-treated Arabidopsis, probably due to feedback regulation caused by SL deficiency. These results indicate that TIS108 is an effective tool for regulating SL production in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioscience; Faculty of Applied Bioscience; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Umehara
- Department of Applied Biosciences; Faculty of Life Sciences; Toyo University; Ora-gun, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hanada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency; CREST; Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence to: Tadao Asami,
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40
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Sasaki E, Ogura T, Takei K, Kojima M, Kitahata N, Sakakibara H, Asami T, Shimada Y. Uniconazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, inhibits trans-zeatin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 87:30-8. [PMID: 23280040 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is a plant hormone that plays important regulatory roles in many aspects of plant growth and development. Although functions of CK and its biosynthesis pathway have been studied extensively, there is still no efficient biosynthesis inhibitor, which would be useful for studying CK from a chemical genetic approach. Here, CK biosynthesis inhibitor candidates were searched for using a systematic approach. In silico screening of candidates were carried out using genome-wide gene expression profiles and prediction of target sites using global CK accumulation profile analysis. As a result of these screenings, it was found that uniconazole, a well known inhibitor of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, prevents the biosynthesis of trans-zeatin, and that its target is CYP735As in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Sasaki
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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41
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Horn R, Chudobova I, Hänsel U, Herwartz D, Koskull-Döring PV, Schillberg S. Simultaneous Treatment with Tebuconazole and Abscisic Acid Induces Drought and Salinity Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by Maintaining Key Plastid Protein Levels. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1266-81. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300931u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Horn
- Department Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen,
Germany
| | - Ivana Chudobova
- Department Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen,
Germany
| | | | - Denise Herwartz
- Department Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen,
Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schillberg
- Department Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen,
Germany
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42
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Lechat MM, Pouvreau JB, Péron T, Gauthier M, Montiel G, Véronési C, Todoroki Y, Le Bizec B, Monteau F, Macherel D, Simier P, Thoiron S, Delavault P. PrCYP707A1, an ABA catabolic gene, is a key component of Phelipanche ramosa seed germination in response to the strigolactone analogue GR24. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5311-22. [PMID: 22859674 PMCID: PMC3431000 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
After a conditioning period, seed dormancy in obligate root parasitic plants is released by a chemical stimulus secreted by the roots of host plants. Using Phelipanche ramosa as the model, experiments conducted in this study showed that seeds require a conditioning period of at least 4 d to be receptive to the synthetic germination stimulant GR24. A cDNA-AFLP procedure on seeds revealed 58 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) whose expression pattern changed upon GR24 treatment. Among the isolated TDFs, two up-regulated sequences corresponded to an abscisic acid (ABA) catabolic gene, PrCYP707A1, encoding an ABA 8'-hydroxylase. Using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, two full-length cDNAs, PrCYP707A1 and PrCYP707A2, were isolated from seeds. Both genes were always expressed at low levels during conditioning during which an initial decline in ABA levels was recorded. GR24 application after conditioning triggered a strong up-regulation of PrCYP707A1 during the first 18 h, followed by an 8-fold decrease in ABA levels detectable 3 d after treatment. In situ hybridization experiments on GR24-treated seeds revealed a specific PrCYP707A1 mRNA accumulation in the cells located between the embryo and the micropyle. Abz-E2B, a specific inhibitor of CYP707A enzymes, significantly impeded seed germination, proving to be a non-competitive antagonist of GR24 with reversible inhibitory activity. These results demonstrate that P. ramosa seed dormancy release relies on ABA catabolism mediated by the GR24-dependent activation of PrCYP707A1. In addition, in situ hybridization corroborates the putative location of cells receptive to the germination stimulants in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Marie Lechat
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Thomas Péron
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Mathieu Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Grégory Montiel
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Christophe Véronési
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka UniversityShizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - David Macherel
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR 1345 INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Séverine Thoiron
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM UniversityNantes, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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43
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Okazaki M, Kittikorn M, Ueno K, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Kondo S, Ohnishi T, Todoroki Y. Abscinazole-E2B, a practical and selective inhibitor of ABA 8′-hydroxylase CYP707A. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3162-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Saito S, Motawia MS, Olsen CE, Møller BL, Bak S. Biosynthesis of rhodiocyanosides in Lotus japonicus: rhodiocyanoside A is synthesized from (Z)-2-methylbutanaloxime via 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 77:260-7. [PMID: 22385904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus contains the two cyanogenic glucosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, and the non cyanogenic hydroxynitriles, rhodiocyanoside A and D, with rhodiocyanoside A as the major rhodiocyanoside. Rhodiocyanosides are structurally related to cyanogenic glucosides but are not cyanogenic. In vitro administration of intermediates of the lotaustralin pathway to microsomes prepared from selected L. japonicus accessions identified 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile as an intermediate in the rhodiocyanoside biosynthetic pathway. In vitro inhibitory studies with carbon monoxide and tetcyclacis indicate that the conversion of (Z)-2-methylbutanal oxime to 2-methyl-2-butenenitrile is catalyzed by cytochrome P450(s). Carbon monoxide inhibited cyanogenic glucosides as well as rhodiocyanosides synthesis, but inhibition of the latter pathway was much stronger. These results demonstrate that the cyanogenic glucoside and rhodiocyanosides pathways share CYP79Ds to obtain (Z)-2-methylbutanaloxime from l-isoleucine, whereas the subsequent conversions are catalyzed by different P450s. The aglycon of rhodiocyanoside A forms the cyclic product 3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone. Furanones are known to possess antimicrobial properties indicating that rhodiocyanoside A may have evolved to serve as a phytoanticipin that following β-glucosidase activation and cyclization of the aglycone formed, give rise to a potent defense compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Saito
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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45
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A conformationally restricted uniconazole analogue as a specific inhibitor of rice ent-kaurene oxidase, CYP701A6. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3240-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Wei KF, Chen J, Chen YF, Wu LJ, Jia WS. [Molecular mechanism for dynamic regulation of endogenous ABA signal level]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:296-306. [PMID: 22425948 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The process from stress signal perception and the trigger of ABA biosynthesis to dynamic regulation of ABA level is an important stress signaling pathway in cells. Compared to the downstream events in ABA signal transduction, the researches in this field are relatively lagged. Expression of synthase genes, such as ZEP in roots and rate-limiting enzyme genes NCED, AtRGS1 and ABA2, can be activated in response to stresses. However, the expression of genes encoding degradative enzymes, including 7'-, 8'-, 9'-hydroxylase and glucosyltransferase, negatively regulates ABA accumulation. Meanwhile, the expressions of the synthases, such as ZEP and NCED3, are induced by increasing endogenous ABA contents. Additionally, the analyses of gene expression and source-sink dynamics indicates that sustained supply from root-sourced ABA is required for the maintenance of leaf ABA dynamic pool. It is notable that miRNAs should be involved in ABA signal origin and ABA level dynamic adjustment. Further dynamic analysis of ABA metabolism revealed that endogenous ABA signal levels are synergistically controlled by the expressions of synthases and degradative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fa Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhangzhou Normal University, China.
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47
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Kondo S, Sugaya S, Sugawa S, Ninomiya M, Kittikorn M, Okawa K, Ohara H, Ueno K, Todoroki Y, Mizutani M, Hirai N. Dehydration tolerance in apple seedlings is affected by an inhibitor of ABA 8'-hydroxylase CYP707A. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:234-41. [PMID: 22024733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase inhibitor (Abz-F1) on ABA catabolism, stomatal aperture, and water potential were examined in apple seedlings under dehydration and rehydration conditions. In this study, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxigenase (MdNCED) and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (MdCYP707A) genes were isolated and their expressions were investigated under dehydration and rehydration conditions. The stomatal aperture decreased up to 4 h after spraying with Abz-F1 and the stomatal aperture in the Abz-F1-treated leaves was generally lower than that in the untreated control-leaves during the dehydration condition. Although the water potential in untreated control-leaves decreased with the progress of dehydration, it was maintained at a higher level in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves than in the untreated control-leaves during dehydration. Endogenous ABA concentrations increased with dehydration in both the Abz-F1 treated- and untreated-control-leaves, but the ABA levels in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were higher than those in the untreated control-leaves throughout dehydration. In contrast, the phaseic acid (PA) concentrations in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were lower than those in the untreated control-leaves during dehydration. The expressions of MdNCEDs in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were lower than those in the untreated control-leaves regardless of the higher endogenous ABA concentrations. Moreover, the expressions of MdCYP707As in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were also lower than those in the untreated control-leaves. Higher 50% effective concentrations (EC(50)) and ascorbic acid concentrations were observed in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves, which show that the oxidative damage under dehydration may be reduced by Abz-F1 application. These results suggest that prompt stomata closure is required for survival under dehydration, and Abz-F1 application may therefore be of practical use. The increase of endogenous ABA, which induced prompt stomata closure in Abz-F1 treated-leaves may depend on inhibition of the expression of MdCYP707As. Furthermore, the results showed the close relationship between MdNCEDs and MdCYP707As on ABA catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kondo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
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Okamoto M, Kushiro T, Jikumaru Y, Abrams SR, Kamiya Y, Seki M, Nambara E. ABA 9'-hydroxylation is catalyzed by CYP707A in Arabidopsis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:717-22. [PMID: 21414645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism is important for regulating endogenous ABA levels. To date, most effort has focused on catabolism of ABA to phaseic acid (PA), which is generated spontaneously after 8'-hydroxylation of ABA by cytochrome P450s in the CYP707A subfamily. Neophaseic acid (neoPA) is another well-documented ABA catabolite that is produced via ABA 9'-hydroxylation, but the 9'-hydroxylase has not yet been defined. Here, we show that endogenous neoPA levels are reduced in loss-of-function mutants defective in CYP707A genes. In addition, in planta levels of both neoPA and PA are reduced after treatment of plants with uniconazole-P, a P450 inhibitor. These lines of evidence suggest that CYP707A genes also encode the 9'-hydroxylase required for neoPA synthesis. To test this, in vitro enzyme assays using microsomal fractions from CYP707A-expressing yeast strains were conducted and these showed that all four Arabidopsis CYP707As are 9'-hydroxylases, although this activity is minor. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ABA 9'-hydroxylation is catalyzed by CYP707As as a side reaction.
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49
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The CYP701B1 of Physcomitrella patens
is an ent
-kaurene oxidase that resists inhibition by uniconazole-P. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1879-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Okazaki M, Nimitkeatkai H, Muramatsu T, Aoyama H, Ueno K, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Kondo S, Ohnishi T, Todoroki Y. Abscinazole-E1, a novel chemical tool for exploring the role of ABA 8'-hydroxylase CYP707A. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:406-13. [PMID: 21115253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed abscinazole-E1 (Abz-E1), a specific inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A). This inhibitor was designed and synthesized as an enlarged analogue of uniconazole (UNI), a well-known plant growth retardant, which inhibits a gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme (ent-kaurene oxidase, CYP701A) as well as CYP707A. Our results showed that Abz-E1 functions as a potent inhibitor of CYP707A and a poor inhibitor of CYP701A both in vitro and in vivo. Abz-E1 application to plants resulted in improved desiccation tolerance and an increase in endogenous ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Okazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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