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Makker K, Wang X. Early Life Origins of Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes in Boston Birth Cohort: Review of Findings and Future directions. PRECISION NUTRITION 2023; 2:e00050. [PMID: 38283709 PMCID: PMC10810337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartikeya Makker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Berky AJ, Weinhouse C, Vissoci J, Rivera N, Ortiz EJ, Navio S, Miranda JJ, Mallipudi A, Fixen E, Hsu-Kim H, Pan WK. In Utero Exposure to Metals and Birth Outcomes in an Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Birth Cohort in Madre de Dios, Peru. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:97008. [PMID: 37747404 PMCID: PMC10519195 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few birth cohorts in South America evaluate the joint effect of minerals and toxic metals on neonatal health. In Madre de Dios, Peru, mercury exposure is prevalent owing to artisanal gold mining, yet its effect on neonatal health is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether toxic metals are associated with lower birth weight and shorter gestational age independently of antenatal care and other maternal well-being factors. METHODS Data are from the COhorte de NAcimiento de MAdre de Dios (CONAMAD) birth cohort, which enrolled pregnant women in Madre de Dios prior to their third trimester and obtained maternal and cord blood samples at birth. We use structural equation models (SEMs) to construct latent variables for the maternal metals environment (ME) and the fetal environment (FE) using concentrations of calcium, iron, selenium, zinc, magnesium, mercury, lead, and arsenic measured in maternal and cord blood, respectively. We then assessed the relationship between the latent variables ME and FE, toxic metals, prenatal visits, hypertension, and their effect on gestational age and birth weight. RESULTS Among 198 mothers successfully enrolled and followed at birth, 29% had blood mercury levels that exceeded the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention threshold of 5.8 μ g / L and 2 mothers surpassed the former 5 - μ g / dL threshold for blood lead. The current threshold value is 3.5 μ g / dL . Minerals and toxic metals loaded onto ME and FE latent variables. ME was associated with FE (β = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.45). FE was associated with longer gestational age (β = 2.31; 95% CI: - 0.3 , 4.51) and heavier birth weight. Mercury exposure was not directly associated with health outcomes. A 1% increase in maternal blood lead shortened gestational age by 0.05 d (β = - 0.75 ; 95% CI: - 1.51 , - 0.13 ), which at the 5 - μ g / dL threshold resulted in a loss of 3.6 gestational days and 76.5 g in birth weight for newborns. Prenatal care visits were associated with improved birth outcomes, with a doubling of visits from 6 to 12 associated with 5.5 more gestational days (95% CI: 1.6, 9.4) and 319 g of birth weight (95% CI: 287.6, 350.7). DISCUSSION Maternal lead, even at low exposures, was associated with shorter gestation and lower birth weight. Studies that focus only on harmful exposures or nutrition may mischaracterize the dynamic maternal ME and FE. SEMs provide a framework to evaluate these complex relationships during pregnancy and reduce overcontrolling that can occur with linear regression. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel J Berky
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caren Weinhouse
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joao Vissoci
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelson Rivera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ernesto J Ortiz
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susy Navio
- Dirección Regional de Salud, Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Madre de Dios, Perú
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andres Mallipudi
- Bellevue Hospital Center/Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma Fixen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William K Pan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Ventre S, Desai G, Roberson R, Kordas K. Toxic metal exposures from infant diets: Risk prevention strategies for caregivers and health care professionals. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2022; 52:101276. [PMID: 36266220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concerns are growing regarding the presence of toxic elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the ingredients and prepared foods for infants and young children. There are few clear, evidence-based, guidelines on the maximum tolerable limits of toxicants in foods and little understanding of toxicant exposure or adverse health effects attributable to dietary exposure. Caregivers are faced with the burden of making decisions about which foods to select, how often to feed them to their children, and what foods to limit. This article reviews the current literature and existing recommendations on dietary exposure to toxic elements in children under 2 years of age, and their health effects in early childhood-focusing on growth, neurodevelopment, and immune function. The article also outlines best practices for healthcare providers to address the concerns of toxic element exposure through the diet in young children. Several foods consistently appear in the literature as potential sources of toxic element exposure. Contaminated drinking and cooking water, including water used to prepare infant formula, could also be a major exposure source. In the absence of stronger evidence on effects of dietary modification, exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age, followed by a diverse diet are some strategies to reduce dietary toxic element exposure while ensuring an adequate and balanced nutrient intake. Healthcare providers can support families by sharing information and encouraging blood Pb testing, the only element for which such testing is currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ventre
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, USA; New York State Children's Environmental Health Center, USA.
| | - Gauri Desai
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
| | | | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
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Goodrich JM, Tang L, Carmona YR, Meijer JL, Perng W, Watkins DJ, Meeker JD, Mercado-García A, Cantoral A, Song PX, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Trimester-specific phthalate exposures in pregnancy are associated with circulating metabolites in children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272794. [PMID: 36040907 PMCID: PMC9426875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal phthalates exposures have been related to adiposity in peripuberty in a sex-specific fashion. Untargeted metabolomics analysis to assess circulating metabolites offers the potential to characterize biochemical pathways by which early life exposures influence the development of cardiometabolic risk during childhood and adolescence, prior to becoming evident in clinical markers. Methods Among mother-child dyads from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort, we measured 9 phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in maternal spot urine samples obtained during each trimester of pregnancy, corrected for urinary specific gravity and natural log-transformed. In 110 boys and 124 girls aged 8–14 years, we used a mass-spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics platform to measure fasting serum metabolites, yielding 572 annotated metabolites. We estimated the associations between trimester-specific urinary toxicants and each serum metabolite, among all children or stratified by sex and adjusting for child age, BMI z-score, and pubertal onset. We accounted for multiple comparisons using a 10% false discovery rate (q<0.1). Results Associations between exposures and metabolites were observed among all children and in sex-stratified analyses (q<0.1). First trimester MEP, MiBP, and MCPP were associated with decreased 2-deoxy-D-glucose among all children. Among girls, third trimester concentrations of MECPP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MCPP were associated with 15, 13, 1, and 10 metabolites, respectively, including decreased choline and increased acylcarnitines and saturated FAs (FA). Among boys, third trimester MIBP was positively associated with 9 features including long chain saturated FAs, and second trimester MBzP was inversely associated with thyroxine. Conclusions Metabolomics biomarkers may reflect sex- and exposure timing-specific responses to prenatal phthalate exposures manifesting in childhood that may not be detected using standard clinical markers of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yanelli R. Carmona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Meijer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States of America
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Peter X. Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang X, Chiu YHM, Kannan S, Cowell W, Deng W, Coull BA, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Joint associations among prenatal metal mixtures and nutritional factors on birth weight z-score: Evidence from an urban U.S. population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112675. [PMID: 34995543 PMCID: PMC8916990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of nutritional factors on birth outcomes have been recognized, however, limited studies have examined the role of nutritional factors in mitigating the detrimental effects of metals exposure during gestation. We used data collected from 526 mother-infant dyads enrolled in the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms longitudinal pregnancy cohort to examine the joint effects of prenatal exposure to metals and maternal nutrition on birth weight for gestational age (BWGA) z-scores. We measured concentrations of twelve metals and trace elements in urine samples collected during pregnancy. Maternal nutritional intake was measured using the Block98 Food Frequency Questionnaire and converted into energy-adjusted consumption of individual nutrients. Using multivariable linear regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression, we found that three metals [cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)] and five metals [barium (Ba), caesium (Cs), copper (Cu), Ni, and zinc (Zn)] were associated with BWGA z-score in male and female infants, respectively. When examining the sex-specific interactions between these metals and nutrient groups [macro nutrients, minerals, A vitamins, B vitamins, anti-oxidant, methyl-donor nutrients, and inflammatory (pro- and anti-)] using a Cross-validated Kernel Ensemble model, we identified significant interactions between the macro nutrients and Co (p = 0.05), minerals and Pb (p = 0.04), and A vitamins and Ni (p = 0.001) in males. No significant interactions were found in females. Furthermore, three minerals (phosphorus, iron, potassium) and vitamin A were found to be more crucial than other nutrients in modifying the association between each respective metal and BWGA z-score in males. A better understanding of the sex-specific interactions between nutrients and metals on birth weight can guide pregnant women to protect their neonates from the adverse health impacts of metal exposures by optimizing nutrient intakes accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Srimathi Kannan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Whitney Cowell
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenying Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Betanzos‐Robledo L, Téllez‐Rojo MM, Lamadrid‐Figueroa H, Roldan‐Valadez E, Peterson KE, Jansen EC, Basu N, Cantoral A. Differential fat accumulation in early adulthood according to adolescent-BMI and heavy metal exposure. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:37-51. [PMID: 35583253 PMCID: PMC9790480 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy metals such as Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) can affect adipose tissue mass and function. Considering the high prevalence of exposure to heavy metals and obesity in Mexico, we aim to examine if exposure to Pb and Hg in adolescence can modify how fat is accumulated in early adulthood. METHODS This study included 100 participants from the ELEMENT cohort in Mexico. Adolescent Pb and Hg blood levels were determined at 14-16 years. Age- and sex-specific adolescent BMI Z-scores were calculated. At early adulthood (21-22 years), fat accumulation measurements were performed (abdominal, subcutaneous, visceral, hepatic, and pancreatic fat). Linear regression models with an interaction between adolescent BMI Z-score and Pb or Hg levels were run for each adulthood fat accumulation outcome with normal BMI as reference. RESULTS In adolescents with obesity compared to normal BMI, as Pb exposure increased, subcutaneous (p-interaction = 0.088) and visceral (p-interaction < 0.0001) fat accumulation increases. Meanwhile, Hg was associated with subcutaneous (p-interaction = 0.027) and abdominal (p-interaction = 0.022) fat deposition among adolescents with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Heavy metal exposure in adolescence may alter how fat is accumulated in later periods of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Betanzos‐Robledo
- CONACYTNational Institute of Public HealthCenter for Nutrition and Health ResearchCuernavacaMexico
| | - Martha M. Téllez‐Rojo
- CONACYTNational Institute of Public HealthCenter for Nutrition and Health ResearchCuernavacaMexico
| | - Hector Lamadrid‐Figueroa
- Department of Perinatal HealthReproductive Health DirectorateNational Institute of Public HealthCenter for Population Health ResearchCuernavacaMéxico
| | - Ernesto Roldan‐Valadez
- Directorate of Clinical ResearchHospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico CityMexico,Department of RadiologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nil Basu
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Sáez C, Sánchez A, Yusà V, Dualde P, Fernández SF, López A, Corpas-Burgos F, Aguirre MÁ, Coscollà C. Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to 15 Essential and Toxic Elements in Spanish Women of Reproductive Age: A Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13012. [PMID: 34948623 PMCID: PMC8701213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This case study investigates the exposure of 119 Spanish women of reproductive age to 5 essential (Co, Cu, Mn, V, Zn) and 10 toxic (Ba, Be, Cs, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Th, Al, U) elements and assesses their risk. The essential elements (Co, Cu, Mn, V, and Zn) showed average concentrations (GM: geometric mean) of 0.8, 35, 0.5, 0.2, and 347 μg/L, respectively. Five of the toxic elements (Ba, Cs, Ni, Al, U) exhibited detection frequencies of 100%. The GM concentrations of the novel toxic elements were 12 μg/L (Al), 0.01 μg/L (Pt), 0.02 μg/L (U), 0.12 μg/L (Th), 0.009 μg/L (Be) and 4 μg/L (Cs). The urine analysis was combined with a survey to assess any variations between subgroups and potential predictors of exposure to elements in the female population. Significant differences were obtained between the rural and urban areas studied for the toxic element Cs, with higher levels found in mothers living in urban areas. In relation to diet, statistically significantly higher levels of essential (Cu) and toxic (Ba) elements were detected in women with a high consumption of fish, while mothers who consumed a large quantity of legumes presented higher levels of the toxic element Ni (p = 0.0134). In a risk-assessment context, hazard quotients (HQs) greater than 1 were only observed for the essential elements Zn and Cu in P95. No deficiency was found regarding the only essential element for which a biomonitoring equivalent for nutritional deficit is available (Zn). For the less-studied toxic elements (Al, Pt, U, Th, Be, and Cs), HQs were lower than 1, and thus, the health risk due to exposure to these elements is expected to be low for the female population under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sáez
- Public Health Laboratory of Alicante, 6 Plaza de España, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (C.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Institute of Materials, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Public Health Laboratory of Alicante, 6 Plaza de España, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (C.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pablo Dualde
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
| | - Sandra F. Fernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
| | - Francisca Corpas-Burgos
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Institute of Materials, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
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Wang R, Wu Z, Liu M, Wu Y, Li Q, Ba Y, Zhang H, Cheng X, Zhou G, Huang H. Resveratrol reverses hippocampal synaptic markers injury and SIRT1 inhibition against developmental Pb exposure. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147567. [PMID: 34175265 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure damages synaptic structural plasticity that results in cognitive impairment. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is one of the most potent agonists of silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) discovered to date. However, the effects of SIRT1 on synaptic functional plasticity in early life Pb exposure are not well studied. Herein, the purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of synaptic markers and SIRT1 in rats exposed to Pb and to evaluate the regulatory effect of resveratrol during this process. The Pb exposed male SD pups were treated with resveratrol (50 mg/kg/d) or EDTA (150 mg/kg/d) followed by hippocampal and blood sampling for analysis at postnatal day 21 (PND21). In the Morrris water maze test, resveratrol treatement protected the rats against Pb-induced impairment of learning and memory (P < 0.05). Resveratrol also enhanced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, P < 0.001 vs 0.2% Pb group), and reversed the effects of Pb exposure on SIRT1(P < 0.001 vs 0.2% Pb group). The DG, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus showed a considerable increase in the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins (P < 0.001 vs 0.2% Pb group). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that resveratrol, through the activation of SIRT1, played a protective role against Pb-induced defects in synaptic plasticity, and suggested a new potential adjuvant treatment for Pb poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Zuntao Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
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Betanzos-Robledo L, Cantoral A, Peterson KE, Hu H, Hernández-Ávila M, Perng W, Jansen E, Ettinger AS, Mercado-García A, Solano-González M, Sánchez B, Téllez-Rojo MM. Association between cumulative childhood blood lead exposure and hepatic steatosis in young Mexican adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110980. [PMID: 33691159 PMCID: PMC8119339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental toxicants may play a role in the pathogenesis of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Cumulative exposure to lead (Pb) has chronic and permanent effects on liver function. Pediatric populations are vulnerable to the toxic effects of Pb, even at low exposure levels. The purpose of the study was to estimate the association between cumulative Pb exposure during childhood and hepatic steatosis biomarkers in young Mexican adults. METHODS A subsample of 93 participants from the ELEMENT cohort were included in this study. Childhood blood samples were collected annually from ages 1-4 years and were used to calculate the Cumulative Childhood Blood Lead Levels (CCBLL). Hepatic steatosis during adulthood was defined as an excessive accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (>5%) determined using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Liver enzymes were also measured at this time, and elevated liver enzyme levels were defined as ALT (≥30 IU/L), AST (≥30 IU/L), and GGT (≥40 IU/L). Adjusted linear regression models were fit to examine the association between CCBLL (quartiles) and the hepatic steatosis in young adulthood. RESULTS In adulthood, the mean age was 21.4 years, 55% were male. The overall prevalence of hepatic steatosis by MRI was 19%. Elevate levels of the enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT were present in 25%, 15%, and 17% of the sample, respectively. We found a positive association between the highest quartile of CCBLL with the steatosis biomarkers of hepatic triglycerides (Q4 vs. Q1: β = 6.07, 95% CI: 1.91-10.21), elevated ALT (Q4 vs. Q1: β = 14.5, 95% CI: 1.39-27.61) and elevated AST (Q4 vs. Q1: β = 7.23, 95% CI: 0.64-13.82). No significant associations were found with GGT. CONCLUSIONS Chronic Pb exposure during early childhood is associated with a higher levels of hepatic steatosis biomarkers and hepatocellular injury in young adulthood. More actions should be taken to eliminate sources of Pb during the first years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Betanzos-Robledo
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, MX, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, MX, Mexico.
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA
| | | | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erica Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Adriana Mercado-García
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, MX, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, MX, Mexico
| | - Brisa Sánchez
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, MX, Mexico
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11
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Taylor CM, Golding J, Kordas K. Prenatal lead exposure: associations with growth and anthropometry in early childhood in a UK observational birth cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16338.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal that crosses the placenta freely. It has adverse effects on a range of birth outcomes. The few studies reporting on the associations of prenatal exposure to lead and child growth have had conflicting results. This study aimed to examine the effect of prenatal exposure to lead on children’s growth from 4 to 61 months of age. Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood samples for pregnancies with a live birth were analysed for lead (n=4140). A 10% subsample of the offspring cohort (Children in Focus) were invited to clinics at 10 time points (4–61 months) at which anthropometric measurements were carried out; z-scores for height, weight and BMI were calculated using the 1990 British Growth Reference Standards. Associations between prenatal log10-lead concentrations and z-scores and other anthropometric measures were modelled using adjusted linear regression models in an imputed dataset for children who attended at least one clinic (n=574). Results: The median prenatal blood lead concentration was 3.60 (IQR 2.61–4.16) µg/dl. There was no evidence for any associations of prenatal lead exposure with z-scores for BMI, height or weight in adjusted models from age 4 to 61 months. There were no associations for other anthropometric measures including mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and waist circumference. There was some evidence for a weakly positive effect of prenatal lead exposure on head circumference in girls at age 43 and 61 months (at 61 months unstandardised B coefficient 1.59 (95% CI 0.12, 3.16) cm, p=0.048) but not at other ages. Conclusions: There was no consistent evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to lead and measures of growth and anthropometry from age 4 to 61 months in this cohort of children in the UK.
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12
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Muciño-Sandoval K, Ariza AC, Ortiz-Panozo E, Pizano-Zárate ML, Mercado-García A, Wright R, Maria Téllez-Rojo M, Sanders AP, Tamayo-Ortiz M. Prenatal and Early Childhood Exposure to Lead and Repeated Measures of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Indicators From Childhood to Preadolescence. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:750316. [PMID: 34778140 PMCID: PMC8586085 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.750316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to lead (Pb) during the early life stages has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Longitudinal studies of Pb exposure in critical developmental windows in children are limited. Methods: Our study included 601 mother-child dyads from the PROGRESS (Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors) birth cohort. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were assessed during the second and third gestational trimesters, in cord blood at delivery, and at ages 1, 2, and 4 years. Bone lead levels in the patella and tibia were assessed at 1 month postpartum and evaluated in separate models. To account for cumulative exposure (prenatal, postnatal, and cumulative), we dichotomized the BLLs at each stage visit and determined the following: "higher" if a BLL was at least once above the median (HPb) and "lower" if all BLLs were below the median (LPb). We analyzed fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cLDL), body mass index, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at two study visits between 6 and 12 years of age and created cutoff points based on the clinical guidelines for each indicator. Mixed effects models were used to analyze each outcome longitudinally for each BLL score, adjusting for child's sex, size for gestational age, child's age, maternal parity, mother's age, and socioeconomic status. Results: We observed associations for HPb exposure and TC in all stages (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.32-0.86) and postnatally (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.36-0.94) and for prenatal HPb and TGs (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.44-0.95). HPb at all stages was associated with WC (OR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.08-0.86), BMI (OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.11-0.99), SBP (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.32-0.85), and DBP (OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.34-0.95). Pb levels in the patella were associated with cHDL (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.00-1.07) and those in the tibia with TGs (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.91-0.99). Conclusion: Early life exposure to Pb may alter early indicators of MetS. A follow-up of these children will allow for more definition on the impact of longer-term exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Muciño-Sandoval
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Ariza
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo
- Research Center for Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Pizano-Zárate
- Division for Research and Community Interventions, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Robert Wright
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alison P Sanders
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Goodrich JM, Hector EC, Tang L, LaBarre JL, Dolinoy DC, Mercado-Garcia A, Cantoral A, Song PX, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Integrative Analysis of Gene-Specific DNA Methylation and Untargeted Metabolomics Data from the ELEMENT Cohort. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720977888. [PMID: 33354655 PMCID: PMC7734565 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720977888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, influence gene expression and cardiometabolic phenotypes that are manifest in developmental periods in later life, including adolescence. Untargeted metabolomics analysis provide a comprehensive snapshot of physiological processes and metabolism and have been related to DNA methylation in adults, offering insights into the regulatory networks that influence cellular processes. We analyzed the cross-sectional correlation of blood leukocyte DNA methylation with 3758 serum metabolite features (574 of which are identifiable) in 238 children (ages 8-14 years) from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. Associations between these features and percent DNA methylation in adolescent blood leukocytes at LINE-1 repetitive elements and genes that regulate early life growth (IGF2, H19, HSD11B2) were assessed by mixed effects models, adjusting for sex, age, and puberty status. After false discovery rate correction (FDR q < 0.05), 76 metabolites were significantly associated with LINE-1 DNA methylation, 27 with HSD11B2, 103 with H19, and 4 with IGF2. The ten identifiable metabolites included dicarboxylic fatty acids (five associated with LINE-1 or H19 methylation at q < 0.05) and 1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol (q < 0.0001 for association with H19 and q = 0.04 for association with LINE-1). We then assessed the association between these ten known metabolites and adiposity 3 years later. Two metabolites, dicarboxylic fatty acid 17:3 and 5-oxo-7-octenoic acid, were inversely associated with measures of adiposity (P < .05) assessed approximately 3 years later in adolescence. In stratified analyses, sex-specific and puberty-stage specific (Tanner stage = 2 to 5 vs Tanner stage = 1) associations were observed. Most notably, hundreds of statistically significant associations were observed between H19 and LINE-1 DNA methylation and metabolites among children who had initiated puberty. Understanding relationships between subclinical molecular biomarkers (DNA methylation and metabolites) may increase our understanding of genes and biological pathways contributing to metabolic changes that underlie the development of adiposity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Deptartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily C Hector
- Deptartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Deptartment of Statistics, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Lu Tang
- Deptartment of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jennifer L LaBarre
- Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Deptartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Peter Xk Song
- Deptartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Deptartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lermen D, Weber T, Göen T, Bartel-Steinbach M, Gwinner F, Mueller SC, Conrad A, Rüther M, von Briesen H, Kolossa-Gehring M. Long-term time trend of lead exposure in young German adults - Evaluation of more than 35 Years of data of the German Environmental Specimen Bank. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 231:113665. [PMID: 33221633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a ubiquitous pollutant with well-known effects on human health. As there is no lower toxicological threshold for lead in blood and since data gaps on lead exposure still exist in many European countries, HBM data on lead is of high importance. To address this, the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative HBM4EU classified lead as a priority substance. The German Environmental Specimen Bank (German ESB) has monitored lead exposure since more than 35 years. Using data from the early 1980s to 2019 we reveal and discuss long-term trends in blood lead levels (BLLs) and current internal exposure of young adults in Germany. BLLs in young adults decreased substantially in the investigated period. As results from the ESB sampling site Muenster demonstrate, the geometric mean of BLLs of young adults decreased from 1981 (78,7 μg/L) to 2019 (10.4 μg/L) by about 87%. Trends in human exposure closely correlate with air lead levels (ALLs) provided by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). Hence, the decrease of BLLs largely reflects the drop in air lead pollution. Known associations of sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and housing situation with BLLs are confirmed with data of the German ESB. Although internal lead exposure in Germany decreased substantially, the situation might be different in other European countries. Since 2010, BLLs of young adults in Germany levelled out at approximately 10 μg/L. The toxicity of lead even at low levels is known to cause adverse health effects especially in children following exposure of the child or the mother during pregnancy. To identify current exposure sources and to minimize future lead exposure, continuous monitoring of lead intake and exposure levels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lermen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany.
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Gwinner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Sabine C Mueller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - André Conrad
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Rüther
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
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15
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Taylor CM, Golding J, Kordas K. Prenatal lead exposure: associations with growth and anthropometry in early childhood in a UK observational birth cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16338.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal that crosses the placenta freely. It has adverse effects on a range of birth outcomes. The few studies reporting on the associations of prenatal exposure to lead and child growth have had conflicting results. This study aimed to examine the effect of low-level prenatal exposure to lead on children’s growth from 4 to 61 months old. Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood samples for pregnancies with a live birth were analysed for lead (n=4140). A 10% subsample of the offspring cohort (Children in Focus) were invited to clinics at 10 time points (4–61 months) at which anthropometric measurements were carried out; z-scores for height, weight and BMI were calculated using the 1990 British Growth Reference Standards. Associations between prenatal log10-lead concentrations and z-scores and other anthropometric measures were modelled using adjusted linear regression models in an imputed dataset for children who attended at least one clinic (n=574). Results: The mean prenatal blood lead concentration was 3.59±1.50 (range 1.22–14.70) µg/dl. There was no evidence for any associations of low-level prenatal lead exposure with z-scores for BMI, height or weight in adjusted models from age 4 to 61 months. There were no associations for other anthropometric measures including mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and waist circumference. There was some evidence for a weakly positive effect of prenatal lead exposure on head circumference in girls at age 43 and 61 months (at 61 months unstandardised B coefficient 1.59 (95% CI 0.12, 3.16) cm, p=0.048) but not at other ages. Conclusions: There was no consistent evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to lead and measures of growth and anthropometry from age 4 to 61 months in this cohort of children in the UK.
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16
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Klis K, Wronka I. Associations between childhood and adolescence exposure to air pollution and adult height in polish women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109965. [PMID: 32739685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne substances harmful to health during pre- and postnatal stage may significantly affect the correct development of organs and systems. Many studies analyze the relationship between air quality and health, but data on the impact of air pollution on human biological development are scanty. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between adult body height and air quality in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence. The parameters measured included absolute stature (cm) and relative stature defined as a percentage of mean stature of both parents. The analysis covered data collected from 1257 women. Subject's height was measured. Data on parental height were obtained using a questionnaire. The level of each analysed environmental pollution in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence: particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitric dioxide (NO2) and benzene (C6H6) in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence was determined on the basis of the data made available by the Polish Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. Results of our study show that mean stature decreases with growing air pollution level. Significant differences were observed both in absolute stature and relative stature (expressed as percentage of mean stature of both parents) depending on PM10 and PM2.5 levels in place of residence during childhood and adolescence as well as on the total index of air quality. The differences remain statistically significant also after adjustment for the degree of urbanisation of the place of residence and factors related to socio-economic status. Our findings suggest that air pollution level in the place of residence during childhood and adolescence has significant impact on the children growth, potentially leading to worse health status later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Klis
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Wronka
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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17
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Vigeh M, Yokoyama K, Matsukawa T, Shinohara A, Ohtani K, Shariat M. Hair Metal Levels and Childhood Weight Gain. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:1510-1519. [PMID: 33083328 PMCID: PMC7554378 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i8.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Exposure to toxic metals remains a public health problem with lifelong impacts on childhood growth and development. We aimed to investigate metals effects on preschool children’s anthropometric variables. Methods: The study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from Jul 2013 to Mar 2016. We measured scalp hair metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, arsenic, zinc, manganese, and cobalt), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in 207 preschool children’s (36 to 72 months old). Results: A significant negative correlation between children’s hair lead levels and children’s weight was found (r= −0.178, P<0.05). Linear regression analysis confirmed the relationship when adjusted for the confounders, including children’s age, sex, height, family income, and maternal education (β= −0.191; t= −3.426, P< 0.01). The ANOVA analysis showed a significant (P<0.01) difference between hair lead level and children’s weight-for-age percentiles. Totally and separately, in almost all weight percentiles, hair lead levels were higher in girls than boys. Conclusion: The present study on Iranian children showed the current levels of lead exposure might negatively influence on children growth, with higher risk for girls than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shinohara
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ohtani
- Occupational Epidemiology Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Kponee-Shovein KZ, Weisskopf MG, Grashow R, Rotem RS, Coull BA, Schnaas L, Hernández-Chávez MDC, Sanchez B, Peterson K, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM. Estimating the causal effect of prenatal lead exposure on prepulse inhibition deficits in children and adolescents. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:116-126. [PMID: 32126243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal lead from earlier exposures mobilizes and crosses placental barriers, placing the developing fetus at risk for lead exposure and neurodevelopmental deficits. Some neuronal circuits known to be affected in neurodevelopment disorders can be probed with simple physiological behavioral paradigms. One such neural biomarker is Pre-Pulse Inhibition (PPI), an indicator of adequate sensorimotor gating processing. In clinical studies, deficits in PPI have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in human subjects. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the use of PPI as a biomarker of toxicant effects on the brain in epidemiological studies. We aimed to estimate the causal effect of prenatal lead exposure, assessed by maternal cortical bone lead concentrations, on PPI in 279 children from Mexico City. in vivo maternal cortical bone lead measurements were taken at four weeks postpartum at the mid-tibia shaft using a K-Shell X-ray fluorescence instrument. PPI recording occurred in an isolated clinical setting and eye blink responses were measured using electromyography. We assessed if the conditions for causal inference held in our study and used the results of our assessment to estimate the causal effect of prenatal lead exposure on PPI using an ordinary least squares regression model, a marginal structural model, and the parametric g-formula. Results were consistent across the three modeling approaches. For the parametric g-formula, a one standard deviation (10.0 μg/g) increase in prenatal lead significantly reduced PPI by approximately 19.0 % (95 % CI: 5.4 %, 34.3 %). This decrease is similar in magnitude to clinical studies on schizophrenia, which have observed PPI impairments in patients with schizophrenia as compared to controls. Our results are consistent with findings from other studies establishing an association between lead exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and suggest that PPI may be useful as an objective biomarker of toxicant effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalé Z Kponee-Shovein
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Grashow
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ran S Rotem
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Departments of Biostatistics and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional De Perinatología Isidro Espinosa De Los Reyes, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Maria Del Carmen Hernández-Chávez
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional De Perinatología Isidro Espinosa De Los Reyes, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Brisa Sanchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen Peterson
- Departments of Global Public Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
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Liu Y, Ettinger AS, Téllez-Rojo M, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Cantoral A, Hu H, Peterson KE. Prenatal Lead Exposure, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Mexican Children at Age 10-18 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgz038. [PMID: 31608940 PMCID: PMC7037075 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several cross-sectional studies have assessed the association of lead exposure with type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults; however, studies of such associations in childhood are rare. OBJECTIVE We assessed the prospective associations of prenatal exposure to lead with type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. DESIGN The Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants is a birth cohort study of pregnant women and their offspring. SETTING Public hospitals in Mexico City. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Women were recruited during pregnancy; their offspring were recruited for a follow-up visit at age 10 to 18 years (n = 369). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured fasting serum markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in children, including fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids. The index of insulin resistance was calculated. RESULTS The geometric mean of maternal blood lead levels (BLLs) during pregnancy was 4.3 µg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]): 4.0-4.6 µg/dL) in the entire sample. In boys, those with maternal BLLs ≥ 5 µg/dL (compared with those with BLLs < 5 µg/dL) had significantly lower z scores for total cholesterol (β = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.12), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -0.52, 95% CI: -0.81, -0.22), adjusting for covariates. No associations were detected in girls. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that higher prenatal exposure to lead was associated with lower levels of cholesterol in children following a sex-specific pattern. Further studies with a larger sample size that examine whether sex is a potential modifier are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adrienne S Ettinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martha Téllez-Rojo
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Influence of post-partum BMI change on childhood obesity and energy intake. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224830. [PMID: 31830761 PMCID: PMC6908440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Association between parent’s Body Mass Index (BMI) and their children, has been widely documented. Individual, familiar and structural factors play a role in this relation. We analyzed the association between maternal BMI change during the first year post-partum and their offspring’s growth-trajectories and energy intake in their first five years of life. Objective Compare growth-trajectories and children’s caloric intake according to post-partum mother´s BMI classification. Methods The anthropometric assessment was taken in 935 mother-child pairs along the study period. Mothers were classified into four groups according to their BMI-trajectories in the post-partum. Children’s weight for height z-scores (WHZ) was compared among groups using random-effects regression models. A longitudinal comparison of children’s caloric intake by the maternal group was carried out. Results At 42 months of age, infants from mothers that remained overweight during the first year post-partum had, on average, 0.61 SD higher WHZ than those from mothers who remained in a recommended BMI group (R-BMI) in the same period. At 60 months of age, children´s prevalence of obesity was almost twice in the maternal overweight group vs R-BMI group (14.2% and 7.3% respectively). Chances for a child of having an over caloric intake were 36.5% (95% IC: 6.6%, 74.8%) and significantly higher among children from overweight mothers than those from R-BMI mothers. The difference in children’s WHZ trajectory remained significant after adjusting for caloric intake, suggesting that contextual factors play a role in shaping children’s obesity. A concurrent ethnographic study with the study subjects provides suggestions as to what these factors might be, including changes in the food landscape. Conclusion Children from overweight mothers tended to have a more caloric diet yielding a higher propensity to obesity. Contextual factors such as food landscape might contribute to childhood obesity beyond having an overweight mother. Pregnancy and post-partum is a window of opportunity for interventions to decrease the incidence of children’s overweight.
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Hu G, Jia G, Tang S, Zheng P, Hu L. Association of low-level blood lead with serum uric acid in U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2019; 18:86. [PMID: 31619249 PMCID: PMC6794798 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty remains regarding the association between blood lead levels (BLL) and serum uric acid (SUA) with relatively low BLL exposure because of limited data in the adolescent population. We examined the association between BLL and SUA in U.S. adolescents. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 8303 adolescents aged 12-19 years from NHANES 1999-2006 were analyzed. BLL was Ln-transformed for analysis for the skewed distribution. Elevated SUA was defined as ≥5.5 mg/dL. Multivariate linear and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of BLL with SUA and elevated SUA. Moreover, a generalized additive model (GAM) and a fitted smoothing curve (penalized spline method) were conducted. RESULTS The overall mean BLL was 1.3 μg/dL. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that LnBLL was independently and positively correlated with SUA level (β = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.09-0.17). Multiple logistic analyses showed that LnBLL was associated with a 24% increased prevalence of elevated SUA (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1.38). Analyses using restricted cubic spline confirmed that the associations of LnBLL with SUA and elevated SUA were linear. Subgroup analyses showed that stronger associations between LnBLL and SUA were detected in adolescents with lower levels of education and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (all P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BLL was independently and positively correlated with SUA level and elevated SUA among U.S. adolescents, particularly with lower levels of education and eGFR. The data suggest that there is no "safe" threshold level of exposure to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Hu
- School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083 China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Shichuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing, 100054 China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
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22
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Jansen EC, Dunietz GL, Dababneh A, Peterson KE, Chervin RD, Baek J, O’Brien L, Song PX, Cantoral A, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM. Cumulative Childhood Lead Levels in Relation to Sleep During Adolescence. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:1443-1449. [PMID: 31596209 PMCID: PMC6778356 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Lead exposure has been linked to adverse cognitive outcomes among children, and sleep disturbances could potentially mediate these relationships. As a first step, whether childhood lead levels are linked to sleep disturbances must be ascertained. Prior studies of lead and sleep are scarce and rely on parent-reported sleep data. METHODS The study population included 395 participants from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants project, a group of sequentially enrolled birth cohorts from Mexico City. Blood lead levels measured from ages 1 to 4 years were used to calculate a cumulative measure of early childhood lead levels. Average sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and movement index were assessed once between the ages of 9 and 18 years with wrist actigraphs worn for a continuous 7-day interval. Linear regression models were fit with average sleep duration, fragmentation, or movement as the outcome and cumulative lead levels divided into quartiles as the exposure, adjusted for age, sex, and maternal education. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation) age at follow-up was 13.8 (1.9) years, and 48% of participants were boys. Median (interquartile range) cumulative childhood lead level was 13.7 (10.8, 18.0) μg/dL. Patients in the highest quartile of the cumulative childhood lead group had on average 23 minutes less sleep than those in the first quartile in adolescence (95% confidence interval [7, 39]; P, trend = .02). Higher cumulative lead level was associated with higher sleep fragmentation in younger adolescents (younger than 14 years) only (P, interaction = .02). CONCLUSIONS Shorter sleep duration may represent an as-yet unrecognized adverse consequence of lead exposure in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Galit Levi Dunietz
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aleena Dababneh
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ronald D. Chervin
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonggyu Baek
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Louise O’Brien
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter X.K. Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Wang G, DiBari J, Bind E, Steffens AM, Mukherjee J, Azuine RE, Singh GK, Hong X, Ji Y, Ji H, Pearson C, Zuckerman BS, Cheng TL, Wang X. Association Between Maternal Exposure to Lead, Maternal Folate Status, and Intergenerational Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1912343. [PMID: 31577354 PMCID: PMC6777254 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The first pediatric lead screening typically occurs at 1-year well-child care visits. However, data on the extent of maternal lead exposure and its long-term consequences for child health are lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between maternal red blood cell (RBC) lead levels and intergenerational risk of overweight or obesity (OWO) and whether adequate maternal folate status is associated with a reduction in OWO risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective birth cohort study. The analysis was conducted from July 14, 2018, to August 2, 2019, at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. This study included 1442 mother-child pairs recruited at birth from October 27, 2002, to October 10, 2013, and followed up prospectively at Boston Medical Center. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child body mass index (BMI) z score, calculated according to US national reference data, and OWO, defined as BMI at or exceeding the 85th percentile for age and sex. Maternal RBC lead levels and plasma folate levels were measured in samples obtained 24 to 72 hours after delivery; child whole-blood lead level was obtained from the first pediatric lead screening. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of mothers and children was 28.6 (6.5) years and 8.1 (3.1) years, respectively; 50.1% of children were boys. The median maternal RBC lead level and plasma folate level were 2.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.7-3.8) μg/dL and 32.2 (IQR, 22.1-44.4) nmol/L, respectively. The median child whole-blood lead level and child BMI z score were 1.4 (IQR, 1.4-2.0) μg/dL and 0.78 (IQR, -0.08 to 1.71), respectively. Maternal RBC lead level was associated with child OWO risk in a dose-response fashion, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.18-2.32) for high maternal RBC lead level (≥5.0 μg/dL) compared with low maternal RBC lead level (<2.0 μg/dL). Child OWO was highest among children of OWO mothers with high RBC lead levels (adjusted OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.64-6.82) compared with children of non-OWO mothers with low RBC lead levels. Children of OWO mothers with high RBC lead levels had 41% lower OWO risk (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95; P = .03) if their mothers had adequate plasma folate levels (≥20.4 nmol/L) compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this sample of a US urban population, findings suggest that maternal elevated lead exposure was associated with increased risk of intergenerational OWO independent of postnatal blood lead levels. Adequate maternal folate status appeared to be associated with lower OWO risk. If confirmed by additional studies, these findings have implications for prenatal lead screening and management to minimize adverse health consequences on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica DiBari
- Division of Research, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric Bind
- Metals Laboratory, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services, State of New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton
| | - Andrew M. Steffens
- Metals Laboratory, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services, State of New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton
| | - Jhindan Mukherjee
- Metals Laboratory, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services, State of New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton
| | - Romuladus E. Azuine
- Division of Research, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Gopal K. Singh
- Office of Health Equity, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry S. Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Perng W, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Tang L, Sánchez BN, Cantoral A, Meeker JD, Dolinoy DC, Roberts EF, Martinez-Mier EA, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Song PXK, Ettinger AS, Wright R, Arora M, Schnaas L, Watkins DJ, Goodrich JM, Garcia RC, Solano-Gonzalez M, Bautista-Arredondo LF, Mercado-Garcia A, Hu H, Hernandez-Avila M, Tellez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) Project. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030427. [PMID: 31455712 PMCID: PMC6720157 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) Project is a mother-child pregnancy and birth cohort originally initiated in the mid-1990s to explore: (1) whether enhanced mobilisation of lead from maternal bone stores during pregnancy poses a risk to fetal and subsequent offspring neurodevelopment; and (2) whether maternal calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can suppress bone lead mobilisation and mitigate the adverse effects of lead exposure on offspring health and development. Through utilisation of carefully archived biospecimens to measure other prenatal exposures, banking of DNA and rigorous measurement of a diverse array of outcomes, ELEMENT has since evolved into a major resource for research on early life exposures and developmental outcomes. PARTICIPANTS n=1643 mother-child pairs sequentially recruited (between 1994 and 2003) during pregnancy or at delivery from maternity hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico. FINDINGS TO DATE Maternal bone (eg, patella, tibia) is an endogenous source for fetal lead exposure due to mobilisation of stored lead into circulation during pregnancy and lactation, leading to increased risk of miscarriage, low birth weight and smaller head circumference, and transfer of lead into breastmilk. Daily supplementation with 1200 mg of elemental calcium during pregnancy and lactation reduces lead resorption from maternal bone and thereby, levels of circulating lead. Beyond perinatal outcomes, early life exposure to lead is associated with neurocognitive deficits, behavioural disorders, higher blood pressure and lower weight in offspring during childhood. Some of these relationships were modified by dietary factors; genetic polymorphisms specific for iron, folate and lipid metabolism; and timing of exposure. Research has also expanded to include findings published on other toxicants such as those associated with personal care products and plastics (eg, phthalates, bisphenol A), other metals (eg, mercury, manganese, cadmium), pesticides (organophosphates) and fluoride; other biomarkers (eg, toxicant levels in plasma, hair and teeth); other outcomes (eg, sexual maturation, metabolic syndrome, dental caries); and identification of novel mechanisms via epigenetic and metabolomics profiling. FUTURE PLANS As the ELEMENT mothers and children age, we plan to (1) continue studying the long-term consequences of toxicant exposure during the perinatal period on adolescent and young adult outcomes as well as outcomes related to the original ELEMENT mothers, such as their metabolic and bone health during perimenopause; and (2) follow the third generation of participants (children of the children) to study intergenerational effects of in utero exposures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00558623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth F Roberts
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adrienne S Ettinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robin C Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mauricio Hernandez-Avila
- Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Dietary Intake of Selenium in Relation to Pubertal Development in Mexican Children. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071595. [PMID: 31337124 PMCID: PMC6682956 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in pubertal timing have been associated with long-term health outcomes. While a few reports have shown that dietary intake of selenium is associated with fertility and testosterone levels in men, no human studies have considered the association between selenium and pubertal development in children. We examined the cross-sectional association of childhood dietary intake of selenium with pubertal development among 274 girls and 245 boys aged 10–18 years in Mexico City. Multiple logistic and ordinal regression models were used to capture the association between energy-adjusted selenium intake (below Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) vs. above RDA) and stages of sexual maturity in children, adjusted for covariates. We found that boys with consumption of selenium below the RDA had lower odds of a higher stage for pubic hair growth (odds ratio (OR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.27–0.97) and genital development (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28–0.99) as well as a lower probability of having matured testicular volume (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.88) compared with boys who had adequate daily dietary intake of selenium (above RDA). No associations were found in girls. According to our results, it is possible that inadequate consumption of selenium may be associated with later pubertal development in boys, suggesting a sex-specific pattern. Future work with a larger sample size and measures of selenium biomarkers is needed to confirm our findings and improve understanding of the role of this mineral in children’s sexual development.
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Kponee-Shovein KZ, Grashow R, Coull BA, Téllez-Rojo MM, Schnaas L, Del Carmen Hernández-Chávez M, Sánchez B, Peterson K, Hu H, Hernandez-Avila M, Weisskopf MG. Socio-demographic predictors of prepulse inhibition: A prospective study in children and adolescents from Mexico City. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:8-16. [PMID: 30940478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a sensorimotor gating mechanism that reduces interfering influences to the neural processing of incoming stimuli, and is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. To date, research on PPI and neurodevelopmental disorders has primarily been in cross-sectional, clinical settings. In this prospective, epidemiologic study, we used a data-driven prediction model to identify socio-demographic predictors of PPI in children and adolescents from Mexico City to inform future etiologic studies evaluating PPI. We conducted variable selection and validation using a modified version of the multiple imputation random lasso (MIRL) variable selection algorithm. MIRL identified six predictors of PPI at a stimulus onset asynchrony of 120 ms or 240 ms. Of those six predictors, maternal education, birthweight, and total breastfeeding months were highlighted as previously unstudied variables associated with enhanced PPI. Our findings highlight the potential value of PPI as an adjunct screening tool for identifying children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and underscore the relevance for validation research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalé Z Kponee-Shovein
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rachel Grashow
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Departments of Biostatistics and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Maria Del Carmen Hernández-Chávez
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Brisa Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen Peterson
- Departments of Global Public Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Early lead exposure and childhood adiposity in Mexico city. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:965-970. [PMID: 31257186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and early childhood lead exposures have been associated with reduced weight in infants and young children, while studies that have examined such associations in children during peripubescence are rare. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations of prenatal and early-life exposure to lead with indices of adiposity in peripubertal children living in Mexico City. METHODS Maternal bone lead (as a proxy for cumulative fetal exposure) was assessed at 1 month postpartum. Blood samples were obtained from children annually from 1 to 4 years. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between each lead biomarker and BMI z-score, waist circumference, sum of skinfolds and body fat percentage in 248 children aged 8-16 years. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, maternal patella lead was associated with lower child BMI z-score (β = -0.02, 95% CI: 0.03, -0.01, p = 0.004), waist circumference (β = -0.12 cm, 95% CI: 0.22, -0.03, p = 0.01), sum of skinfolds (β = -0.29 mm, 95% CI: 0.50, -0.08, p = 0.007) and body fat percentage (β = -0.09%, 95% CI: 0.17, -0.01, p = 0.03). No significant associations were detected from the postnatal exposure period. CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant and inverse association of prenatal lead exposure with body composition in Mexican children, suggesting the potential role of early lead exposure in the fetal programming of child growth. Further research on the biological mechanisms underlying these associations is needed.
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Johnston JE, Franklin M, Roh H, Austin C, Arora M. Lead and Arsenic in Shed Deciduous Teeth of Children Living Near a Lead-Acid Battery Smelter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6000-6006. [PMID: 31056909 PMCID: PMC6996839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a potent neurotoxicant with no safe level of exposure. Elevated levels of Pb and arsenic (As) are found in the air and soil near facilities that recycle lead-acid batteries in the United States. In urban Los Angeles County, California, a facility processed ∼11 million batteries per year and operated for decades without proper environmental review. Measuring Pb and As in shed deciduous teeth is a promising technique to assess prenatal and early life exposure. In this pilot study coined the "Truth Fairy" Project, 50 shed deciduous teeth from 43 children living their entire lives within 2 miles of the smelter were analyzed to understand retrospective exposure to toxic metals using a community-driven research approach. Concentrations of Pb and As in teeth were assessed using laser-ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Soil Pb concentrations were determined using spatial kriging of surface soil measurements. The mean prenatal calcium normalized Pb levels in teeth samples (reported as a ratio 208Pb:43Ca) was 4.104 × 10-4 (SD 4.123 × 10-4), and the mean postnatal 208Pb:43Ca level was 4.109 × 10-4 (SD 3.369 × 10-4). Adjusted for maternal education and batch, we observe positive significant relationship between prenatal teeth Pb per 100 ppm increase in soil Pb (β = 3.48, 95% CI 1.11, 5.86). The Truth Fairy study suggests prenatal and early life exposure to toxic metals is associated with legacy soil contamination in an urban community near a smelter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles California 90032 , United States
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles California 90032 , United States
| | - Hannah Roh
- Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles California 90032 , United States
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
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Moynihan M, Telléz-Rojo MM, Colacino J, Jones A, Song PXK, Cantoral A, Mercado-García A, Peterson KE. Prenatal Cadmium Exposure Is Negatively Associated With Adiposity in Girls Not Boys During Adolescence. Front Public Health 2019; 7:61. [PMID: 31032242 PMCID: PMC6473031 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cadmium is a pervasive toxic metal that remains a public health concern and exposure in early life has been associated with growth deficits in infancy and childhood. Growth during adolescence also may be sensitive to effects of cadmium exposure, given the changes in distribution of lean and adipose tissue that vary by sex during puberty. This study examines whether prenatal and concurrent cadmium exposures are associated with adiposity measures at ages 8-15 years in a well-characterized birth cohort. Methods: The sample included 185 participants from the ELEMENT birth cohorts in Mexico City with complete data on urinary cadmium exposures, anthropometry and covariates [child age and sex, household socioeconomic status, and maternal smoking history and body mass index (BMI)]. Maternal third trimester and adolescent urines were analyzed for cadmium using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. Trained personnel obtained anthropometry including height, weight, waist circumference and subscapular, suprailiac, and triceps skinfold thickness. BMI z-scores for age and sex were calculated using the World Health Organization's reference standard. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association of prenatal and concurrent urinary cadmium levels with adolescent anthropometry, adjusting for covariates. Results: Among 87 males and 98 females, median age was 10 years (IQR 9 -11 years). Pregnant women and children had median urinary cadmium concentrations of 0.19 μg/L (IQR 0.12- 0.27 μg/L) and 0.14 μg/L (IQR 0.11- 0.18 μg/L), respectively. Regression models showed inverse relationships between prenatal cadmium exposure and adolescent adiposity. An IQR increase in prenatal cadmium was associated with percent decreases in BMI z-score (-27%, p = 0.01), waist circumference (-3%, p = 0.01), and subscapular (-11%, p = 0.01), suprailiac (-11%, p = 0.02), and triceps (-8%, p < 0.01) skinfold thickness. When stratified by sex, these relationships remained statistically significant in females but not males. Conclusions: Prenatal cadmium exposure was negatively associated with measures of both abdominal and peripheral adiposity in girls, but not in boys. These results emphasize the sex-dependent effects of in utero cadmium exposure on adiposity in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Moynihan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Martha Maria Telléz-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Justin Colacino
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Yun S, Wu Y, Niu R, Feng C, Wang J. Effects of lead exposure on brain glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathway in the hippocampus of rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:23-30. [PMID: 30980912 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether Pb affects glucose metabolism in the hippocampus of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were orally administered a 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% lead acetate solution in deionized water for 65 days. Then, the weight of the rats; brain Pb content; brain glucose levels; activities of hexokinase, fructose-6-phosphate kinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; expression of genes related to the insulin signaling pathway; as well as the gene and protein expression of glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 and GLUT-3 in the hippocampus were evaluated. The results showed that Pb content in the brain tissue of rats in the dose groups significantly increased, whereas the body weight gain, activities of glucose metabolism-related enzymes, and expression of the insulin signaling pathway-related genes significantly decreased compared to the corresponding values in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the brain glucose levels increased significantly in the low-dose group, but there were no significant differences with the middle- and high-dose groups. Furthermore, the mRNA of GLUT-1 in the three dose groups and the GLUT-3 in the middle- and high-dose groups rose markedly, while the GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 protein expression significantly increased in the middle- and high-dose groups and in the high-dose group, respectively. Taken together, the results showed that Pb exposure resulted in a lower body weight gain, higher brain Pb content and also affected brain glucose metabolism and the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Liu Y, Téllez-Rojo MM, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Afeiche MC, Mercado-García A, Hu H, Meeker JD, Peterson KE. Early lead exposure and pubertal development in a Mexico City population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:445-451. [PMID: 30763831 PMCID: PMC6472946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the association between blood lead levels and pubertal timing in adolescent girls; however, the evidence is lacking on the role of lead exposure during sensitive developmental periods on sexual maturation. OBJECTIVES To examine the association of prenatal and early childhood lead exposure with pubertal stages among 264 boys and 283 girls aged 9.8-18.0 years in Mexico City. METHODS We measured maternal bone lead (a proxy for cumulative fetal exposure to lead from maternal bone stores mobilized during pregnancy) at 1 month postpartum. Blood lead was measured annually from 1 to 4 years. Pubertal stage was assessed by a pediatrician. We examined the association between lead and pubertal stages of breast, pubic hair and genitalia using ordinal regression. Age at menarche was evaluated using Cox proportional-hazard models. RESULTS Multivariate models showed that maternal patella lead and early childhood blood lead were inversely associated with breast growth (patella OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51-1.00; blood OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.93) in girls. Girls with maternal patella lead in the 3rd tertile and child blood lead in the 2nd tertile had a later age at menarche compared with girls in the 1st tertile (patella HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.88; blood HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.91). Additionally, early childhood blood lead was negatively associated with pubic hair growth (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.90) in girls. No associations were found in boys. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that higher prenatal and early childhood exposure to lead may be associated with delayed pubertal development in girls but not boys. Our findings are consistent with previous analyses and reinforce the reproductive effects of lead for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Myriam C Afeiche
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrianna Mercado-García
- Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liu Y, Téllez-Rojo M, Hu H, Sánchez BN, Martinez-Mier EA, Basu N, Mercado-García A, Solano-González M, Peterson KE. Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City. Environ Health 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30922319 PMCID: PMC6439980 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous animal and ecological studies have provided evidence for an earlier sexual maturation in females in relation to fluoride exposure; however, no epidemiological studies have examined the association between fluoride exposure and pubertal development in both boys and girls using individual-level biomarkers of fluoride. Capitalizing on an ongoing Mexican birth cohort study, we examined the association between concurrent urinary fluoride levels and physical markers of pubertal development in children. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 157 boys and 176 girls at age 10-17 years living in Mexico City. We used ion-selective electrode-based diffusion methods to assess fluoride levels in urine, adjusting for urinary specific gravity. Pubertal stages were evaluated by a trained physician. Associations of fluoride with pubertal stages and age at menarche were studied using ordinal regression and Cox proportional-hazard regression, respectively. RESULTS In the entire sample, the geometric mean and interquartile range (IQR) of urinary fluoride (specific gravity adjusted) were 0.59 mg/L and 0.31 mg/L, respectively. In boys, our analysis showed that a one-IQR increase in urinary fluoride was associated with later pubic hair growth (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98, p = 0.03) and genital development (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found in girls, although the direction was negative. CONCLUSIONS Childhood fluoride exposure, at the levels observed in our study, was associated with later pubertal development among Mexican boys at age 10-17 years. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martha Téllez-Rojo
- Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ave. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62100, México.
| | - Howard Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - E Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ave. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62100, México
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ave. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62100, México
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Kerr BT, Ochs-Balcom HM, López P, García-Vargas GG, Rosado JL, Cebrián ME, Kordas K. Effects of ALAD genotype on the relationship between lead exposure and anthropometry in a Cohort of Mexican children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:65-72. [PMID: 30557693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lead exposure is associated with children's growth, but this relationship may depend on the presence of susceptibility factors, including genetic variation. Blood lead levels (BLL) differ by ALAD (aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) genotype. We investigated the association between BLL and growth in Mexican first-graders with different ALAD genotypes. METHODS Children between the ages of 6-8 years (n = 602) attending first grade in schools within the vicinity of a metal foundry in Torreón, Mexico were enrolled into a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the efficacy of iron and/or zinc supplementation on blood lead levels (BLL) and cognition. BLL and anthropometry were assessed at baseline (height, height-for-age z-score (HAZ), knee height, head circumference), after 6 (head circumference) and 12 months (height, HAZ, knee height). Children with ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2/2-2 were compared. The study sample included 538 and 470 participants who had complete data at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Separate multivariable linear regression models adjusted for covariates were used to test the association between BLL at baseline and each anthropometric measure. Covariates included age, sex, hemoglobin, crowding, and maternal education. BLL x ALAD genotype interaction term was tested. RESULTS Median BLL (10.1 μg/dL) did not differ by ALAD genotype. After covariate adjustment, baseline BLL was inversely associated with baseline height, HAZ, and knee height. The association (β [95% CI]) between BLL and baseline height (-0.38[-0.68, -0.09]), HAZ (-0.07[-0.12, -0.02]) and knee height (-0.14[-0.25, -0.02]), was somewhat stronger in children with ALAD1-2/2-2 than ALAD1-1 (-0.09[-0.16, -0.02], -0.02[-0.03, -0.004] and -0.04[-0.06, -0.01], respectively). No associations between BLL and growth at 6 or 12 months were detected irrespective of ALAD genotype. CONCLUSIONS BLL was adversely associated with anthropometric measures among Mexican children. ALAD genotype may be a susceptibility factor for the effects of lead on child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Kerr
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Patricia López
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge L Rosado
- Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Baek J, Zhu B, Song PXK. BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF INFANT'S GROWTH DYNAMICS WITH IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS. Ann Appl Stat 2019; 13:297-320. [PMID: 37908222 PMCID: PMC10617987 DOI: 10.1214/18-aoas1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Early infancy from at-birth to 3 years is critical for cognitive, emotional and social development of infants. During this period, infant's developmental tempo and outcomes are potentially impacted by in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. We investigate effects of ten ubiquitous EDCs on the infant growth dynamics of body mass index (BMI) in a birth cohort study.Modeling growth acceleration is proposed to understand the "force of growth" through a class of semiparametric stochastic velocity models. The great flexibility of such a dynamic model enables us to capture subject-specific dynamics of growth trajectories and to assess effects of the EDCs on potential delay of growth. We adopted a Bayesian method with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as the prior for the growth rate function, in which the World Health Organization global infant's growth curves were integrated into our analysis. We found that BPA and most of phthalates exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy were inversely associated with BMI growth acceleration, resulting in a delayed achievement of infant BMI peak. Such early growth deficiency has been reported as a profound impact on health outcomes in puberty (e.g., timing of sexual maturation) and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggyu Baek
- University of Michigan, University of Massachusetts Medical School and National Institutes of Health
| | - Bin Zhu
- University of Michigan, University of Massachusetts Medical School and National Institutes of Health
| | - Peter X K Song
- University of Michigan, University of Massachusetts Medical School and National Institutes of Health
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Wu Y, Jansen EC, Peterson KE, Foxman B, Goodrich JM, Hu H, Solano-González M, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martinez-Mier EA. The associations between lead exposure at multiple sensitive life periods and dental caries risks in permanent teeth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:1048-1055. [PMID: 30841379 PMCID: PMC6407640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is an important public health problem in Mexico, a country also faced with high exposure to toxicants including lead (Pb). METHODS Participants were 386 children living in Mexico City. Prenatal (trimester 1-3), early-childhood (12, 24, 36, and 48 months of age) and peri-pubertal (10-18 years of age) blood Pb levels were quantified using graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Maternal patella and tibia bone Pb at 1 month postpartum were quantified with K X-ray fluorescence instrument. Dental caries presence was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores. Peri-pubertal sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was estimated using a 116-item, interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total energy adjusted daily SSB intake was generated using the residual approach. Zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between Pb with D1MFT and D4MFT at adolescence. RESULTS Maternal second and third trimester and cumulative early childhood Pb exposure were positively associated with peri-pubertal D1MFT scores in unadjusted ZINB models (2nd trimester: RR = 1.17 (1.00, 1.37); 3rd trimester: RR = 1.20 (1.03, 1.40); early childhood: RR = 1.22 (1.02, 1.48)). These effect sizes were attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. When stratified by high/low SSB intake, a one unit increase of log-transformed 2nd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.41 times (1.06, 1.86) higher D1MFT count, and 3rd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.50 times (1.18, 1.90) higher D1MFT count among those with higher than median peri-pubertal SSB. Associations among those with lower SSB intake were roughly half those of the higher group and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Pb exposure during sensitive developmental periods was not statistically significantly associated with caries risk after accounting for confounders among our cohort. However, evidence from stratified analysis suggested a Pb-caries association among children with high SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Bashash M, Marchand M, Hu H, Till C, Martinez-Mier EA, Sanchez BN, Basu N, Peterson KE, Green R, Schnaas L, Mercado-García A, Hernández-Avila M, Téllez-Rojo MM. Prenatal fluoride exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children at 6-12 years of age in Mexico City. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:658-666. [PMID: 30316181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and animal-based studies have raised concern over the potential impact of fluoride exposure on neurobehavioral development as manifested by lower IQ and deficits in attention. To date, no prospective epidemiologic studies have examined the effects of prenatal fluoride exposure on behavioral outcomes using fluoride biomarkers and sensitive measures of attention. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association between prenatal fluoride exposure and symptoms associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD 213 Mexican mother-children pairs of the Early Life Exposures to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort study had available maternal urinary samples during pregnancy and child assessments of ADHD-like behaviors at age 6-12. We measured urinary fluoride levels adjusted for creatinine (MUFcr) in spot urine samples collected during pregnancy. The Conners' Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) was completed by mothers, and the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) was administered to the children. RESULTS Mean MUFcr was 0.85 mg/L (SD = 0.33) and the Interquartile Range (IQR) was 0.46 mg/L. In multivariable adjusted models using gamma regression, a 0.5 mg/L higher MUFcr (approximately one IQR higher) corresponded with significantly higher scores on the CRS-R for DSM-IV Inattention (2.84 points, 95% CI: 0.84, 4.84) and DSM-IV ADHD Total Index (2.38 points, 95% CI: 0.42, 4.34), as well as the following symptom scales: Cognitive Problems and Inattention (2.54 points, 95% CI: 0.44, 4.63) and ADHD Index (2.47 points; 95% CI: 0.43, 4.50). The shape of the associations suggested a possible celling effect of the exposure. No significant associations were found with outcomes on the CPT-II or on symptom scales assessing hyperactivity. CONCLUSION Higher levels of fluoride exposure during pregnancy were associated with global measures of ADHD and more symptoms of inattention as measured by the CRS-R in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bashash
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Maelle Marchand
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Christine Till
- Faculty of Health - Department of Psychology, York University, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brisa N Sanchez
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karen E Peterson
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Harvard W.T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rivka Green
- Faculty of Health - Department of Psychology, York University, ON, Canada
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Babiker F, Al-Kouh A, Kilarkaje N. Lead exposure induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and attenuates protection of cardiac myocytes against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:147-156. [PMID: 29400093 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1429460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Disrupting role of lead toxicity in heart functions and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases is not well known. This study investigated the interference of lead in heart functions and pacing postconditioning-mediated protection to the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Lead exposure decreased the body weight and increased the heart weight in male rats (p < 0.001). Long-term lead exposure (45 days exposure to lead) increased total oxidant levels (p < 0.001) in the heart. Furthermore, lead exposure abrogated the pacing postconditioning-mediated protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The latter effect showed an association with reduced total antioxidants levels (p < 0.001). In the short-term study (5 days exposure to lead), pacing postconditioning protected the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury despite the reduced total antioxidant levels (p < 0.001). Lead toxicity caused a drastic increase in the heart weight in male rats and apoptosis. The induced oxidative stress showed association with the lack of pacing postconditioning-mediated protection of the heart. However, long-term lead exposure eliminated pacing postconditioning-mediated protection of the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Babiker
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center , Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
| | - Aisha Al-Kouh
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center , Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
| | - Narayana Kilarkaje
- b Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center , Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
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Lichtveld K, Thomas K, Tulve NS. Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:1-12. [PMID: 28952603 PMCID: PMC6097845 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity in the United States has doubled over the last three decades and currently affects 17% of children and adolescents. While much research has focused on individual behaviors impacting obesity, little research has emphasized the complex interactions of numerous chemical and non-chemical stressors found in a child's environment and how these interactions affect a child's health and well-being. The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to (1) identify potential chemical stressors in the context of non-chemical stressors that impact childhood obesity; and, (2) summarize our observations for chemical and non-chemical stressors in regards to child-specific environments within a community setting. A review was conducted to identify chemical and non-chemical stressors related to childhood obesity for the childhood life stages ranging from prenatal to adolescence. Stressors were identified and grouped into domains: individual behaviors, family/household behaviors, community stressors, and chemical exposures. Stressors were related to the child and the child's everyday environments and used to characterize child health and well-being. This review suggests that the interactions of chemical and non-chemical stressors are important for understanding a child's overall health and well-being. By considering these relationships, the exposure science research community can better design and implement strategies to reduce childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lichtveld
- ORISE Post-Doctoral Participant, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Current Affiliation: Assistant Professor, The University of Findlay, Department of Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health, Findlay, OH
| | - Kent Thomas
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicolle S. Tulve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Montrose L, Faulk C, Francis J, Dolinoy D. Perinatal lead (Pb) exposure results in sex and tissue-dependent adult DNA methylation alterations in murine IAP transposons. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:540-550. [PMID: 28833526 PMCID: PMC5784428 DOI: 10.1002/em.22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and animal data suggest that adult chronic disease is influenced by early-life exposure-induced changes to the epigenome. Previously, we observed that perinatal lead (Pb) exposure results in persistent murine metabolic- and activity-related effects. Using phylogenetic and DNA methylation analysis, we have also identified novel intracisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposons exhibiting regions of variable methylation as candidate loci for environmental effects on the epigenome. Here, we now evaluate brain and kidney DNA methylation profiles of four representative IAPs in adult mice exposed to human physiologically relevant levels of Pb two weeks prior to mating through lactation. When IAPs across the genome were evaluated globally, average (sd) methylation levels were 92.84% (3.74) differing by tissue (P < 0.001), but not sex or dose. By contrast, the four individual IAPs displayed tissue-specific Pb and sex effects. Medium Pb-exposed mice had 3.86% less brain methylation at IAP 110 (P < 0.01), while high Pb-exposed mice had 2.83% less brain methylation at IAP 236 (P = 0.01) and 1.77% less at IAP 506 (P = 0.05). Individual IAP DNA methylation differed by sex for IAP 110 in the brain and kidney, IAP 236 in the kidney, and IAP 1259 in the kidney. Using Tomtom, we identified three binding motifs that matched to each of our novel IAPs impacted by Pb, one of which (HMGA2) has been linked to metabolic-related conditions in both mice and humans. Thus, these recently identified IAPs display tissue-specific environmental lability as well as sex-specific differences supporting an epigenetic link between early exposure to Pb and later-in-life health outcomes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:540-550, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Montrose
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan
| | - C. Faulk
- Animal Science, University of Minnesota
| | - J. Francis
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan
| | - D.C. Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan
- Corresponding author: Dana C. Dolinoy, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, Tel: 734 647-3155,
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Bashash M, Thomas D, Hu H, Martinez-Mier EA, Sanchez BN, Basu N, Peterson KE, Ettinger AS, Wright R, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Schnaas L, Mercado-García A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Hernández-Avila M. Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Cognitive Outcomes in Children at 4 and 6-12 Years of Age in Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:097017. [PMID: 28937959 PMCID: PMC5915186 DOI: 10.1289/ehp655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence suggests that fluoride may be neurotoxic to children. Few of the epidemiologic studies have been longitudinal, had individual measures of fluoride exposure, addressed the impact of prenatal exposures or involved more than 100 participants. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to estimate the association of prenatal exposure to fluoride with offspring neurocognitive development. METHODS We studied participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) project. An ion-selective electrode technique was used to measure fluoride in archived urine samples taken from mothers during pregnancy and from their children when 6-12 y old, adjusted for urinary creatinine and specific gravity, respectively. Child intelligence was measured by the General Cognitive Index (GCI) of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at age 4 and full scale intelligence quotient (IQ) from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) at age 6-12. RESULTS We had complete data on 299 mother-child pairs, of whom 287 and 211 had data for the GCI and IQ analyses, respectively. Mean (SD) values for urinary fluoride in all of the mothers (n=299) and children with available urine samples (n=211) were 0.90 (0.35) mg/L and 0.82 (0.38) mg/L, respectively. In multivariate models we found that an increase in maternal urine fluoride of 0.5mg/L (approximately the IQR) predicted 3.15 (95% CI: -5.42, -0.87) and 2.50 (95% CI -4.12, -0.59) lower offspring GCI and IQ scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, higher prenatal fluoride exposure, in the general range of exposures reported for other general population samples of pregnant women and nonpregnant adults, was associated with lower scores on tests of cognitive function in the offspring at age 4 and 6-12 y. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP655.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bashash
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deena Thomas
- University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brisa N Sanchez
- University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karen E Peterson
- University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Robert Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Burns JS, Williams PL, Lee MM, Revich B, Sergeyev O, Hauser R, Korrick SA. Peripubertal blood lead levels and growth among Russian boys. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:53-59. [PMID: 28599171 PMCID: PMC5561550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood blood lead levels (BLL) have been associated with growth impairment. OBJECTIVES We assessed associations of peripubertal BLL with adolescent growth and near adult height in a longitudinal cohort of Russian boys. METHODS 481 boys were enrolled at ages 8-9years and followed annually to age 18. At enrollment, BLL was measured, and height, weight, and pubertal staging were obtained annually during 10years of follow-up. Mixed effects models were used to assess the associations of BLL with longitudinal age-adjusted World Health OrganizationZ-scores for height (HT-Z) and body mass index (BMI-Z), and annual height velocity (HV). Interactions between boys' age and BLL on growth outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The median (range) BLL was 3.0 (0.5-31.0) μg/dL. At age 18years, 79% of boys had achieved near adult height (HV <1.0cm/year), and means (SD) for HT-Z and BMI-Z were 0.15 (0.92) and -0.32 (1.24). Over 10years of follow-up, after covariate adjustment, boys with higher (≥5μg/dL) BLL compared with lower BLL were shorter (adjusted mean difference in HT-Z=-0.43, 95% CI -0.60, -0.25, p-value <0.001), translating to a 2.5cm lower height at age 18years. The decrement in height for boys with higher BLL was most pronounced at 12 to 15years of age (interaction p=0.03). Boys with higher BLL were leaner (adjusted mean difference in BMI-Z=-0.22, 95% CI: -0.45, 0.01, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Higher peripubertal BLLs were associated with shorter height through age 18years, suggesting a persistent effect of lead on linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary M Lee
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Boris Revich
- Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Nakhimovsky Prosp, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str. 3, Moscow 119333, Russia; Chapaevsk Medical Association, Meditsinskaya Str., 3a, Chapaevsk, Samara Region 446100, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wu S, Hivert MF, Cardenas A, Zhong J, Rifas-Shiman SL, Agha G, Colicino E, Just AC, Amarasiriwardena C, Lin X, Litonjua AA, DeMeo DL, Gillman MW, Wright RO, Oken E, Baccarelli AA. Exposure to Low Levels of Lead in Utero and Umbilical Cord Blood DNA Methylation in Project Viva: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:087019. [PMID: 28858830 PMCID: PMC5783669 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to lead is associated with deficits in neurodevelopment and with hematopoietic system toxicity. DNA methylation may be one of the underlying mechanisms for the adverse effects of prenatal lead on the offspring, but epigenome-wide methylation data for low levels of prenatal lead exposure are lacking. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between prenatal maternal lead exposure and epigenome-wide DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood nucleated cells in Project Viva, a prospective U.S.-based prebirth cohort with relatively low levels of lead exposure. METHODS Among 268 mother-infant pairs, we measured lead concentrations in red blood cells (RBC) from prenatal maternal blood samples, and using HumanMethylation450 Bead Chips, we measured genome-wide methylation levels at 482,397 CpG loci in umbilical cord blood and retained 394,460 loci after quality control. After adjustment for batch effects, cell types, and covariates, we used robust linear regression models to examine associations of prenatal lead exposure with DNA methylation in cord blood at epigenome-wide significance level [false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05]. RESULTS The mean [standard deviation (SD)] maternal RBC lead level was 1.22 (0.63) μg/dL. CpG cg10773601 showed an epigenome-wide significant negative association with prenatal lead exposure (-1.4% per doubling increase in lead exposure; p=2.3×10-7) and was annotated to C-Type Lectin Domain Family 11, Member A (CLEC11A), which functions as a growth factor for primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. In sex-specific analyses, we identified more CpGs with FDR<0.05 among female infants (n=38) than among male infants (n=2). One CpG (cg24637308), which showed a strong negative association with prenatal lead exposure among female infants (-4.3% per doubling increase in lead exposure; p=1.1×10-06), was annotated to Dynein Heavy Chain Domain 1 gene (DNHD1) which is highly expressed in human brain. Interestingly, there were strong correlations between blood and brain methylation for CpG (cg24637308) based on another independent set of samples with a high proportion of female participants. CONCLUSION Prenatal low-level lead exposure was associated with newborn DNA methylation, particularly in female infants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Golareh Agha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA
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Kim JH, Park Y, Kim SK, Moon HB, Park J, Choi K, Kim S. Timing of an accelerated body mass increase in children exposed to lead in early life: A longitudinal study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:72-77. [PMID: 28135615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure to lead is known to cause various adverse health outcomes and early life obesity can affect permanent metabolic alterations leading to adverse health outcomes. To examine the relation between perinatal lead exposure and childhood obesity, lead level in cord bloods and growth- and obesity-related markers at birth were measured from 280 mother-child pairs. The weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) of children were measured at birth and followed up several times up to 27months of age. The relations between lead level and growth- and obesity-related markers were evaluated using a generalized linear model after adjustment for maternal age, maternal BMI, gestational period, cesarean section, and smoking status. The changes of child weight, height, and BMI z-scores at followed-up months of age after birth by lead exposure were evaluated using a generalized linear model after adjustment for covariates used in the analyses for growth- and obesity-related markers and child's gender. The lead level was positively associated with an increase of birth height (p=0.019) and a decrease of ponderal index at birth (p=0.027) in boys, but not in girls. Moreover, the lead level was positively associated with increases of BMI z-score after 18months of age (p=0.070 at 18months of age; p=0.003 at 24months of age; and p=0.002 at 27months of age). Perinatal lead exposure affected accelerated body mass increases at specific times of the children' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sun H, Wang N, Nie X, Zhao L, Li Q, Cang Z, Chen C, Lu M, Cheng J, Zhai H, Xia F, Ye L, Lu Y. Lead Exposure Induces Weight Gain in Adult Rats, Accompanied by DNA Hypermethylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169958. [PMID: 28107465 PMCID: PMC5249225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have revealed the association of lead (Pb) exposure with obesity. DNA methylation alteration has been suggested to be one of the regulatory mechanisms of obesity. We aimed to explore whether Pb exposure is related with weight gain and DNA methylation alteration. Methods Male adult 8 week Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: the normal chow diet (NCD); the NCD+0.05%Pb; the NCD+0.15%Pb; the NCD+0.45%Pb and the high fat diet. Rats were exposed to different dosages of Pb through drinking water for 21 weeks. Body weight, fasted blood glucose level, fasted insulin level, homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and lipid profile were detected. Intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was constructed to evaluate the glucose tolerance. Lipid accumulation of liver was detected and liver DNA underwent whole genome bisulfite sequencing. Results The NCD+0.05%Pb group had significantly greater weight, HOMA-IR and triglycerides, and lower glucose intolerance than the NCD group (P <0.05). This group also showed hepatic lipid accumulation. These metabolic changes were not observed in the other two Pb dosage groups. Furthermore, DNA hypermethylation extended along pathways related to glucose and lipid metabolism in NCD+0.05%Pb group. Conclusion Pb exposure resulted in dose-specific weight gain in adult Wistar rats, accompanied by alteration of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Nie
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Cang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualing Zhai
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (LY)
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (LY)
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Renzetti S, Just AC, Burris HH, Oken E, Amarasiriwardena C, Svensson K, Mercado-García A, Cantoral A, Schnaas L, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Téllez-Rojo MM. The association of lead exposure during pregnancy and childhood anthropometry in the Mexican PROGRESS cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:226-232. [PMID: 27810680 PMCID: PMC5135667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure during pregnancy remains a public health problem with potential lifelong impacts on children's growth and development. Mexico is unique in that stunting and obesity are both major public health concerns in children. This situation might be exacerbated by lead exposure which remains more common in Mexico than in the United States due in part to the use of lead glazed pottery in food preparation and storage. Our objective is to determine how lead exposure during pregnancy is associated with children's growth parameters, including height, weight, body mass index and percentage body fat measured between ages 4-6 years old in a Mexico City pregnancy cohort. Blood lead was collected in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy as well as at delivery. Bone lead was assessed in mothers as a long term exposure biomarker. We performed multivariable linear regression analyses to assess the association between each of these lead exposure biomarkers and child anthropometry. We found a significant negative association between maternal 3rd trimester blood lead concentration and offspring height for age (β-0.10; 95% CI -0.19, -0.01), and a negative association between maternal 3rd trimester blood lead concentration and weight for age (β-0.11; 95% CI -0.22,-0.003). Our results in this Mexican population add to previous findings of an association of lead and decreased stature and weight in early childhood. Ongoing follow-up and longitudinal analyses may help elucidate how this impacts growth trajectory and other children's health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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46
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Moynihan M, Peterson KE, Cantoral A, Song PXK, Jones A, Solano-González M, Meeker JD, Basu N, Téllez-Rojo MM. Dietary predictors of urinary cadmium among pregnant women and children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1255-1262. [PMID: 27707662 PMCID: PMC5433527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a toxic metal with modifiable exposure sources including diet. In pregnant women and children, unique dietary habits may contribute to DCd, and the relationship of diet to overall cadmium exposure can depend on specific factors during these transitional time periods. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify and quantify food sources of DCd, describe the distribution of UCd, and determine the relationship of DCd and intake of specific foods with UCd, stratified by maternal smoking history, among pregnant women and children in a well-characterized Mexico City birth cohort. METHODS Our sample included 192 pregnant women (third trimester) and 223 children (7-15years). DCd was calculated using FFQ and the U.S. TDS. We also measured UCd, maternal history of smoking, and additional covariates. RESULTS Pregnant women and children had geometric mean UCd concentrations of 0.19±0.78μg/L and 0.14±0.60μg/L, respectively. On average, estimated daily DCd intake was 9.3±3.5μg for women and 12.2±5.4μg for children. Adjusted linear regression models showed a positive association between DCd and UCd among women (p=0.03) and children (p=0.03) without a maternal history of smoking. Intake of fruit and vegetables among women and potato consumption among children were positively associated with UCd. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women and their children are exposed to cadmium at dietary and urinary levels similar to those previously reported. Higher estimated DCd for children than for women could be attributed to the different FFQs or related to dietary pattern changes between age groups. DCd contributed to UCd in those without a maternal smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Moynihan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has been increasing at a staggering pace, with few indications of any decline, and is now one of the major public health challenges worldwide. While obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have historically thought to be largely driven by increased caloric intake and lack of exercise, this is insufficient to account for the observed changes in disease trends. There is now increasing evidence to suggest that exposure to synthetic chemicals in our environment may also play a key role in the etiology and pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Importantly, exposures occurring in early life (in utero and early childhood) may have a more profound effect on life-long risk of obesity and MetS. This narrative review explores the evidence linking early-life exposure to a suite of chemicals that are common contaminants associated with food production (pesticides; imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and glyphosate) and processing (acrylamide), in addition to chemicals ubiquitously found in our household goods (brominated flame retardants) and drinking water (heavy metals) and changes in key pathways important for the development of MetS and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E De Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Correspondence: Alison C Holloway, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, RM HSC-3N52, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada, Tel +1 905 525 9140 ext 22130, Fax +1 905 524 2911, Email
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48
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Thomas DB, Basu N, Martinez-Mier EA, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Parajuli RP, Peterson K, Mercado-Garcia A, Bashash M, Hernández-Avila M, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM. Urinary and plasma fluoride levels in pregnant women from Mexico City. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:489-495. [PMID: 27423051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride. Our knowledge of prenatal fluoride exposure is challenged as few population-based studies have been conducted and these generally date back several decades, provide incomplete data on sociodemographic variables, and have methodological limitations. OBJECTIVE To measure urinary and plasma fluoride levels across three time points in pregnant mothers who were enrolled in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort study. METHODS Fluoride levels were characterized in archived urine and plasma from 872 pregnant mothers sampled from the ELEMENT cohort. Various statistical methods were used to analyze the fluoride data with particular consideration for changes across three stages of pregnancy and against sociodemographic variables. RESULTS All samples had detectable levels of fluoride. The mean urinary and plasma fluoride levels were 0.91 and 0.0221mg/L respectively, and these were not statistically different across three stages of pregnancy. Fluoride levels correlated across the stages of pregnancy studied, with stronger correlations between neighboring stages. Urinary fluoride changed as pregnancy progressed with levels increasing until ~23 weeks and then decreasing until the end of pregnancy. For plasma fluoride, there was a decreasing trend but this was not of statistical significance. Creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride levels did not associate consistently with any of the sociodemographic variables studied. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the most extensive characterization to date of fluoride exposure throughout pregnancy. These results provide the foundation to explore exposure-related health outcomes in the ELEMENT cohort and other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena B Thomas
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Karen Peterson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Morteza Bashash
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Avila
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Howard Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Meeker JD, Mercado-Garcia A, Solano-González M, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Adolescent epigenetic profiles and environmental exposures from early life through peri-adolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw018. [PMID: 29492298 PMCID: PMC5804533 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic perturbations induced by environmental exposures at susceptible lifestages contribute to disease development. Even so, the influence of early life and ongoing exposures on the adolescent epigenome is rarely examined. We examined the association of exposure biomarkers for lead (Pb), bisphenol A (BPA), and nine phthalates metabolites with blood leukocyte DNA methylation at LINE-1 repetitive elements and environmentally responsive genes ( IGF2 , H19 , and HSD11B2 ) in peri-adolescents. Participants ( n = 247) from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohorts were followed-up once between the ages of 8 and 14 years, and concurrent exposures were measured in biospecimen collected at that time (blood Pb, urinary BPA, and phthalate metabolites). Prenatal and childhood exposures to Pb were previously approximated using maternal and child samples. BPA and phthalate metabolites were measured in third trimester maternal urine samples. Significant associations ( P < 0.05) were observed between DNA methylation and exposure biomarkers that were gene and biomarker specific. For example, Pb was only associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation during pregnancy ( P = 0.04), while early childhood Pb was instead associated with H19 hypermethylation ( P = 0.04). Concurrent urinary mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) was associated with HSD11B2 hypermethylation ( P = 0.005). Sex-specific associations, particularly among males, were also observed. In addition to single exposure models, principal component analysis was employed to examine exposure mixtures. This method largely corroborated the findings of the single exposure models. This study along with others in the field suggests that environment-epigenetic relationships vary by chemical, exposure timing, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. Tel: +1 734 647 1923; Fax: +1 734 936 7283; E-mail:
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50
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Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and Metabolic Changes in Children. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2016; 46:255-85. [PMID: 27401018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other forms of metabolic disease have been rising over the past several decades. Although diet and physical activity play important roles in these trends, other environmental factors also may contribute to this significant public health issue. In this article, we discuss the possibility that widespread exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases in children. We summarize the epidemiological evidence on exposure to environmental chemicals during early development and metabolic outcomes in infants and children. Prenatal exposure to EDCs, particularly the persistent organic pollutant DDT and its metabolite DDE, may influence growth patterns during infancy and childhood. The altered growth patterns associated with EDCs vary according to exposure level, sex, exposure timing, pubertal status, and age at which growth is measured. Early exposure to air pollutants also is linked to impaired metabolism in infants and children. As a result of these and other studies, professional health provider societies have called for a reduction in environmental chemical exposures. We summarize the resources available to health care providers to counsel patients on how to reduce chemical exposures. We conclude with a discussion of environmental policies that address chemical exposures and ultimately aim to improve public health.
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