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Ahmed AT, Hector EC, Urena-Cirett JL, Mercado-Garcia A, Cantoral A, Hu H, Peterson KE, Tellez-Rojo MM, Martinez-Mier EA. Early Lead Exposure Associated with Molar Hypomineralization. Pediatr Dent 2023; 45:427-433. [PMID: 37904269 PMCID: PMC10936227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between prenatal and early life exposure to lead and the presence of molar hypomineralization (MH) in a group of Mexican children. Methods: A subset of participants of the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENTS) cohort study was examined for the presence of molar hypomineralization using European Academy of Pedi- atric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Prenatal lead exposure was assessed by K-ray fluorescence measurements of patella and tibia lead and by maternal blood lead levels by trimester and averaged over trimesters. Postnatal exposure was assessed by levels of maternal blood lead at delivery and child blood lead at 12 and 24 months. Results: A subset of 506 subjects from the ELEMENT cohorts (nine to 18 years old) were examined for MH; 87 subjects (17.2 percent) had MH. Maternal blood lead levels in the third trimester (odds ratio [OR] equals 1.08; 95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 1.02 to 1.15) and averaged over three trimesters (OR equals 1.10; 95% CI equals 1.02 to 1.19) were significantly associated with MH status. None of the maternal bone lead or the child's blood lead parameters was significantly associated with the presence of MH (P>0.05). Conclusions: This study documents a significant association between prenatal lead exposure especially in late pregnancy and the odds of molar hypomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Tagelsir Ahmed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA, and is an adjunct researcher, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
| | - Emily C Hector
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N. C., USA
| | - Jose Luis Urena-Cirett
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, and is a professor, Fac- ulty of Dentistry, Universidad La Salle Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA
| | | | - Esperanza A Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
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Rosa MJ, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Alcala C, Colicino E, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Mercado-Garcia A, Kloog I, Just AC, Bush D, Carroll KN, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Gennings C, Wright RJ. Associations between early-life exposure to PM 2.5 and reductions in childhood lung function in two North American longitudinal pregnancy cohort studies. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e234. [PMID: 36777528 PMCID: PMC9915957 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Data integration of epidemiologic studies across different geographic regions can provide enhanced exposure contrast and statistical power to examine adverse respiratory effects of early-life exposure to particulate matter <2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5). Methodological tools improve our ability to combine data while more fully accounting for study heterogeneity. Methods Analyses included children enrolled in two longitudinal birth cohorts in Boston, Massachusetts, and Mexico City. Propensity score matching using the 1:3 nearest neighbor with caliper method was used. Residential PM2.5 exposure was estimated from 2 months before birth to age 6 years using a validated satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Lung function was tested at ages 6-11 years and age, height, race, and sex adjusted z scores were estimated for FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%, and FEV1/FVC. Using distributed lag nonlinear models, we examined associations between monthly averaged PM2.5 levels and lung function outcomes adjusted for covariates, in unmatched and matched pooled samples. Results In the matched pooled sample, PM2.5 exposure between postnatal months 35-44 and 35-52 was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC z scores, respectively. A 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a reduction in FEV1 z score of 0.13 (95% CI = -0.26, -0.01) and a reduction in FVC z score of 0.13 (95% CI = -0.25, -0.01). Additionally PM2.5 during postnatal months 23-39 was associated with a reduction in FEF25-75% z score of 0.31 (95% CI = -0.57, -0.05). Conclusions Methodological tools enhanced our ability to combine multisite data while accounting for study heterogeneity. Ambient PM2.5 exposure in early childhood was associated with lung function reductions in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa
- Department of Perinatal Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Alcala
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Douglas Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kecia N. Carroll
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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3
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Wu H, Kupsco A, Just A, Calafat AM, Oken E, Braun JM, Sanders AP, Mercado-Garcia A, Cantoral A, Pantic I, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA, Deierlein AL. Maternal Phthalates Exposure and Blood Pressure during and after Pregnancy in the PROGRESS Study. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:127007. [PMID: 34935432 PMCID: PMC8693773 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposure is ubiquitous and may affect biological pathways related to regulators of blood pressure. Given the profound changes in vasculature during pregnancy, pregnant women may be particularly susceptible to the potential effects of phthalates on blood pressure. OBJECTIVES We examined associations of phthalate exposure during pregnancy with maternal blood pressure trajectories from mid-pregnancy through 72 months postpartum. METHODS Women with singleton pregnancies delivering a live birth in Mexico City were enrolled during the second trimester (n=892). Spot urine samples from the second and third trimesters were analyzed for 15 phthalate metabolites. Blood pressure and covariate data were collected over nine visits through 72 months postpartum. We used linear, logistic, and linear mixed models; latent class growth models (LCGMs); and Bayesian kernel machine regression to estimate the relationship of urinary phthalate biomarkers with maternal blood pressure. RESULTS As a joint mixture, phthalate biomarker concentrations during pregnancy were associated with higher blood pressure rise during mid-to-late gestation. With respect to individual biomarkers, second trimester concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate biomarkers (ΣDEHP) were associated with higher third trimester blood pressure. Two trajectory classes were identified by LCGM, characterized by increasing blood pressure through 72 months postpartum ("increase-increase") or decreased blood pressure through 18 months postpartum with a gradual increase thereafter ("decrease-increase"). Increasing exposure to phthalate mixtures during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of being in the increase-increase class. Similar associations were observed for mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl terephthalate (MECPTP) and dibutyl phthalate (ΣDBP) biomarkers. When specific time periods were examined, we observed specific temporal relationships were observed for ΣDEHP, MECPTP, MBzP, and ΣDBP. DISCUSSION In our cohort of pregnant women from Mexico City, exposure to phthalates and phthalate biomarkers was associated with higher blood pressure during late pregnancy, as well as with long-term changes in blood pressure trajectories. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allan Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alison P. Sanders
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea L. Deierlein
- Public Health Nutrition, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Goodrich JM, Hector EC, Tang L, LaBarre JL, Dolinoy DC, Mercado-Garcia A, Cantoral A, Song PX, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Integrative Analysis of Gene-Specific DNA Methylation and Untargeted Metabolomics Data from the ELEMENT Cohort. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720977888. [PMID: 33354655 PMCID: PMC7734565 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720977888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, influence gene expression and cardiometabolic phenotypes that are manifest in developmental periods in later life, including adolescence. Untargeted metabolomics analysis provide a comprehensive snapshot of physiological processes and metabolism and have been related to DNA methylation in adults, offering insights into the regulatory networks that influence cellular processes. We analyzed the cross-sectional correlation of blood leukocyte DNA methylation with 3758 serum metabolite features (574 of which are identifiable) in 238 children (ages 8-14 years) from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. Associations between these features and percent DNA methylation in adolescent blood leukocytes at LINE-1 repetitive elements and genes that regulate early life growth (IGF2, H19, HSD11B2) were assessed by mixed effects models, adjusting for sex, age, and puberty status. After false discovery rate correction (FDR q < 0.05), 76 metabolites were significantly associated with LINE-1 DNA methylation, 27 with HSD11B2, 103 with H19, and 4 with IGF2. The ten identifiable metabolites included dicarboxylic fatty acids (five associated with LINE-1 or H19 methylation at q < 0.05) and 1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol (q < 0.0001 for association with H19 and q = 0.04 for association with LINE-1). We then assessed the association between these ten known metabolites and adiposity 3 years later. Two metabolites, dicarboxylic fatty acid 17:3 and 5-oxo-7-octenoic acid, were inversely associated with measures of adiposity (P < .05) assessed approximately 3 years later in adolescence. In stratified analyses, sex-specific and puberty-stage specific (Tanner stage = 2 to 5 vs Tanner stage = 1) associations were observed. Most notably, hundreds of statistically significant associations were observed between H19 and LINE-1 DNA methylation and metabolites among children who had initiated puberty. Understanding relationships between subclinical molecular biomarkers (DNA methylation and metabolites) may increase our understanding of genes and biological pathways contributing to metabolic changes that underlie the development of adiposity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Deptartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily C Hector
- Deptartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Deptartment of Statistics, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Lu Tang
- Deptartment of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jennifer L LaBarre
- Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Deptartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Peter Xk Song
- Deptartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Deptartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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Wu Y, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Sánchez BN, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Banker M, Cantoral A, Mercado-Garcia A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity, Reproductive Hormones, and DNA Methylation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:598-607. [PMID: 31652236 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Limited studies have examined the association of physical activity with reproductive hormones, DNA methylation, and pubertal status among adolescents. METHODS Among 248 boys and 271 girls, we estimated daily physical activity levels based on 7 d of wrist-worn accelerometer data. We used an isotemporal substitution paradigm and sex-stratified regression models to examine the association of physical activity levels with 1) testosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and androstenedione concentrations; 2) DNA methylation of long interspersed nucleotide (LINE-1) repeats and the genes H19, hydroxysteroid (11-Beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) from blood leukocytes; and 3) Tanner stages, adjusted for age, BMI, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS In boys, substituting 30 min of moderate physical activity for 30 min of sedentary behavior per day was associated with 29% (-49%, 0%) of lower testosterone and 29% (4%, 61%) of higher progesterone. Substituting 30 min of light physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 13% (-22%, -2%) of lower progesterone. Among girls, 30 min of additional sedentary behavior was associated with 8% (-15%, 0%) of lower testosterone and 24% (8%, 42%) of higher progesterone concentrations. Substituting 30 min of moderate physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 15% (0%, 31%) of higher cortisol, whereas substituting the same amount of light physical activity for sedentary behavior was associated with 22% (-39%, 0%) of lower progesterone. Substituting 30 min of vigorous physical activity for sedentary behavior per day was associated with almost six times higher levels (5.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.79-9.86) of HSD11B2 methylation in boys. CONCLUSIONS Accelerometer-measured daily physical activity was associated with reproductive hormones and HSD11B2 DNA methylation, differed by sex and activity intensity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narváez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Margaret Banker
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MEXICO
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MEXICO
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MEXICO
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Jansen EC, Dolinoy DC, O'Brien LM, Peterson KE, Chervin RD, Banker M, Téllez-Rojo MM, Cantoral A, Mercado-Garcia A, Sanchez B, Goodrich JM. Sleep duration and fragmentation in relation to leukocyte DNA methylation in adolescents. Sleep 2020; 42:5513437. [PMID: 31181146 PMCID: PMC7255500 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation and low sleep quality are widespread among adolescents, and associate with obesity risk. Plausible mediators include diet and physical activity. Another potential interrelated pathway, as yet unexplored in adolescents, could involve epigenetic modification of metabolism genes. METHODS In a cohort of 351 Mexico City adolescents (47% male; mean [SD] age = 14 [2] years), 7-day actigraphy was used to assess average sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and movement index. DNA isolated from blood leukocytes was bisulfite-converted, amplified, and pyrosequenced at four candidate regions. Linear mixed models evaluated sex-stratified associations between sleep characteristics (split into quartiles [Q]) and DNA methylation of each region, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Mean sleep duration was 8.5 [0.8] hours for boys and 8.7 [1] hours for girls. There were sex-specific associations between sleep duration and LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear element) methylation. Boys with longer sleep duration (Q4) had lower LINE-1 methylation than boys in the 3rd quartile reference category, while girls with both longer and shorter sleep duration had higher LINE-1 methylation compared to Q3. Longer sleep duration was associated with higher H19 methylation among girls (comparing highest to third quartile, -0.9% [-2.2, 0.5]; p, trend = 0.047). Sleep fragmentation was inversely associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) methylation among girls (comparing highest to lowest fragmentation quartile, 0.9% [0.1 to 1.8]). Girls also showed an inverse association between sleep fragmentation and hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2; Q4 to Q1, 0.6% [-1.2%, 0%]). CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration and fragmentation in adolescents show sex-specific associations with leukocyte DNA methylation patterns of metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Jansen
- Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ronald D Chervin
- Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Margaret Banker
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Brisa Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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7
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Wu H, Kupsco AJ, Deierlein AL, Just AC, Calafat AM, Oken E, Braun JM, Mercado-Garcia A, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA. Trends and Patterns of Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives Exposure in Pregnant Women from Mexico City during 2007-2010. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:1740-1749. [PMID: 31944681 PMCID: PMC7094762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are associated with several adverse health outcomes, but few studies have evaluated phthalate exposures in Mexican populations, particularly pregnant women. Between 2007 and 2011, 948 pregnant women from Mexico City were recruited as part of the PROGRESS cohort. We quantified 17 metabolites of phthalates and phthalate alternatives in urine samples collected during the second and third trimesters and examined temporal trends of metabolite concentrations, within-person reproducibility, and relations of individual metabolites with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and occupational factors. Concentrations of mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl terephthalate, a metabolite of the alternative phthalate di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, increased monotonically from 2007 to 2010 (31% per year; 95% confidence interval = 23 and 39%). We observed moderate to high correlations among metabolites collected at the same visit, but there was high variability between second and third trimester phthalate metabolite concentrations (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.17-0.35). In general, higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher phthalate concentrations. Some metabolites were associated with maternal age and education, but no consistent patterns were observed. Women working in the home and those who worked in administration had higher concentrations of several phthalate metabolites relative to students, professionals, and those in customer service. Biomonitoring efforts are warranted to investigate present and future exposure trends and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison J. Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea L. Deierlein
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Perng W, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Tang L, Sánchez BN, Cantoral A, Meeker JD, Dolinoy DC, Roberts EF, Martinez-Mier EA, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Song PXK, Ettinger AS, Wright R, Arora M, Schnaas L, Watkins DJ, Goodrich JM, Garcia RC, Solano-Gonzalez M, Bautista-Arredondo LF, Mercado-Garcia A, Hu H, Hernandez-Avila M, Tellez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) Project. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030427. [PMID: 31455712 PMCID: PMC6720157 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) Project is a mother-child pregnancy and birth cohort originally initiated in the mid-1990s to explore: (1) whether enhanced mobilisation of lead from maternal bone stores during pregnancy poses a risk to fetal and subsequent offspring neurodevelopment; and (2) whether maternal calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can suppress bone lead mobilisation and mitigate the adverse effects of lead exposure on offspring health and development. Through utilisation of carefully archived biospecimens to measure other prenatal exposures, banking of DNA and rigorous measurement of a diverse array of outcomes, ELEMENT has since evolved into a major resource for research on early life exposures and developmental outcomes. PARTICIPANTS n=1643 mother-child pairs sequentially recruited (between 1994 and 2003) during pregnancy or at delivery from maternity hospitals in Mexico City, Mexico. FINDINGS TO DATE Maternal bone (eg, patella, tibia) is an endogenous source for fetal lead exposure due to mobilisation of stored lead into circulation during pregnancy and lactation, leading to increased risk of miscarriage, low birth weight and smaller head circumference, and transfer of lead into breastmilk. Daily supplementation with 1200 mg of elemental calcium during pregnancy and lactation reduces lead resorption from maternal bone and thereby, levels of circulating lead. Beyond perinatal outcomes, early life exposure to lead is associated with neurocognitive deficits, behavioural disorders, higher blood pressure and lower weight in offspring during childhood. Some of these relationships were modified by dietary factors; genetic polymorphisms specific for iron, folate and lipid metabolism; and timing of exposure. Research has also expanded to include findings published on other toxicants such as those associated with personal care products and plastics (eg, phthalates, bisphenol A), other metals (eg, mercury, manganese, cadmium), pesticides (organophosphates) and fluoride; other biomarkers (eg, toxicant levels in plasma, hair and teeth); other outcomes (eg, sexual maturation, metabolic syndrome, dental caries); and identification of novel mechanisms via epigenetic and metabolomics profiling. FUTURE PLANS As the ELEMENT mothers and children age, we plan to (1) continue studying the long-term consequences of toxicant exposure during the perinatal period on adolescent and young adult outcomes as well as outcomes related to the original ELEMENT mothers, such as their metabolic and bone health during perimenopause; and (2) follow the third generation of participants (children of the children) to study intergenerational effects of in utero exposures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00558623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- National Council of Science and Technology, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth F Roberts
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adrienne S Ettinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robin C Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mauricio Hernandez-Avila
- Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Bowman A, Peterson KE, Dolinoy DC, Meeker JD, Sánchez BN, Mercado-Garcia A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Goodrich JM. Phthalate Exposures, DNA Methylation and Adiposity in Mexican Children Through Adolescence. Front Public Health 2019; 7:162. [PMID: 31275917 PMCID: PMC6593088 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals with near ubiquitous exposure to populations around the world. Phthalates have been associated with children's adiposity in previous studies, though discrepancies exist across studies that may be due to timing of exposure or outcome assessment and population differences (i.e., genetics, other confounders). DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification involved in gene regulation, may mediate the effects of early life phthalate exposures on health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the mediating effect of DNA methylation at growth-related genes on the association between phthalate exposure and repeat measures of adiposity (BMI-for-age z-score, waist circumference, and skinfolds thickness) in Mexican children. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were quantified in mothers at each of the three trimesters of pregnancy and in children at the first peri-adolescent study visit. Blood leukocyte DNA methylation at H19 and HSD11B2 was quantified during the first peri-adolescent visit, and adiposity was measured at the first visit and again ~3 years later among participants (n = 109 boys, 114 girls) from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) project. Associations between phthalates or DNA methylation and repeat outcome measures were assessed separately in boys and girls using generalized estimating equation models including covariates (urinary specific gravity, maternal education, and child's age). Sobel tests were used to assess DNA methylation as a mediator in models adjusting for the same covariates. Associations between phthalates and adiposity varied by phthalate and timing of exposure. Early gestation MBP, MIBP, and MBzP were associated with adiposity among girls. For example, among girls first trimester maternal urine concentrations of MIBP were associated with increases in skinfold thickness, BMI-for-age, and waist circumference (p < 0.01). Second trimester and adolescent MBzP were associated with adiposity among boys in opposite directions. In girls, H19 methylation was positively associated with skinfold thickness. No significant mediation of phthalate exposure on adiposity by DNA methylation of H19 or HSD11B2 was observed (Sobel p > 0.05). However, the mediation analysis was underpowered to detect small to medium effect sizes, and the role of DNA methylation as a mediator between phthalates and outcomes merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bowman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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10
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Wu Y, Sánchez BN, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Cantoral A, Mercado-Garcia A, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Dietary exposures, epigenetics and pubertal tempo. Environ Epigenet 2019; 5:dvz002. [PMID: 30863553 PMCID: PMC6404688 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression changes mediated by DNA methylation may play a role in pubertal tempo regulation, and availability of methyl donor nutrients affects these pathways. We examined first trimester maternal and adolescent diet patterns that may be associated with DNA methylation at long interspersed nucleotide (LINE-1) repetitive elements in adolescence using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and calculated an 'Epigenetics-Associated Diet Score' (EADS) for each pattern; then tested the associations of these scores with pubertal tempo among adolescent boys and girls. The analytic sample included 118 boys and 132 girls aged 10-18 years. DNA methylation at LINE-1 repetitive elements was quantified. Typical maternal and adolescent nutrient intakes were estimated using food frequency questionnaires. Interval-censored time to event and ordinal regression models were used to examine associations EADS scores with pubertal tempo using physician-assessed Tanner stages and self-reported menarche, respectively, adjusted for confounders. We observed associations between maternal EADS and pubertal onset, but not pubertal progression. Each standard deviation (SD) greater maternal EADS was associated with 52% higher odds of having later onset of menarche in both cross-sectional and prospective analysis (P = 0.031 and 0.028, respectively). In contrast, we observed associations between adolescent EADS and pubertal progression, but not pubertal onset. Among boys, for each SD higher adolescent EADS, there was 13% increase in odds of slower genital progression (P = 0.050), as well as 26 and 27% increase in odds of slower left and right testicular development, respectively (P = 0.001). Epigenetic-associated diet influences pubertal tempo in a sex- and timing-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narváez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Correspondence address. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, I-1867, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. Tel: +1-734-647-1923; Fax: +1-734-936-7283; E-mail:
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11
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Wu Y, Peterson KE, Sánchez BN, Dolinoy DC, Mercado-Garcia A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Goodrich JM. Association of blood leukocyte DNA methylation at LINE-1 and growth-related candidate genes with pubertal onset and progression. Epigenetics 2018; 13:1222-1233. [PMID: 30582410 PMCID: PMC6986794 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1556198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a developmentally plastic phase. Variations in pubertal tempo have implications for the risk of later adult diseases. Influences on pubertal tempo have been widely discussed, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Epigenetic modifications are known to regulate development processes; they could play an important role in affecting pubertal outcomes. We conducted a population-based analysis to investigate the association of peripubertal blood DNA methylation at LINE-1 and growth-related candidate genes with pubertal onset and progression in healthy adolescents. The analytic sample included 114 males and 129 females aged 10 to 18 years. DNA methylation at growth-related candidate loci IGF2, H19, HSD11B2, as well as LINE-1 repetitive elements were quantified. Cox survival and ordinal regression models were used to examine sex- and locus-specific associations of epigenetic markers with pubertal development using physician-assessed Tanner stages and self-reported menarche, adjusted for covariates. Among boys, DNA methylation at H19 was associated with later pubarche. HSD11B2 methylation was associated with earlier onset of pubic hair and genitalia development and slower pubertal progression. IGF2 was associated with later onset of genital development. Among girls, LINE-1 methylation was associated with later onset of breast development. For each percent increase of methylation at H19, there was 5% increased odds in the earlier onset of breast development. DNA methylation of IGF2 was associated with earlier onset of pubic hair. DNA methylation at genes known to influence early-life growth may also influence pubertal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Sanders AP, Gennings C, Svensson K, Motta V, Mercado-Garcia A, Solano M, Baccarelli AA, Tellez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Burris HH. Bacterial and cytokine mixtures predict the length of gestation and are associated with miRNA expression in the cervix. Epigenomics 2016; 9:33-45. [PMID: 27936911 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Bacterial vaginosis may lead to preterm birth through epigenetic programming of the inflammatory response, specifically via miRNA expression. METHODS We quantified bacterial 16S rRNA, cytokine mRNA and 800 miRNA from cervical swabs obtained from 80 women at 16-19 weeks' gestation. We generated bacterial and cytokine indices using weighted quantile sum regression and examined associations with miRNA and gestational age at delivery. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Each decile of the bacterial and cytokine indices was associated with shorter gestations (p < 0.005). The bacterial index was associated with miR-494, 371a, 4286, 185, 320e, 888 and 23a (p < 0.05). miR-494 remained significant after false discovery rate correction (q < 0.1). The cytokine index was associated with 27 miRNAs (p < 0.05; q < 0.01). CONCLUSION Future investigation into the role of bacterial vaginosis- and inflammation-associated miRNA and preterm birth is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P Sanders
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Valeria Motta
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology & Risk Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health University of Milan - Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Evaluation Research & Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Center for Evaluation Research & Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology & Risk Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martha M Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Evaluation Research & Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Thomas DB, Basu N, Martinez-Mier EA, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Parajuli RP, Peterson K, Mercado-Garcia A, Bashash M, Hernández-Avila M, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM. Urinary and plasma fluoride levels in pregnant women from Mexico City. Environ Res 2016; 150:489-495. [PMID: 27423051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride. Our knowledge of prenatal fluoride exposure is challenged as few population-based studies have been conducted and these generally date back several decades, provide incomplete data on sociodemographic variables, and have methodological limitations. OBJECTIVE To measure urinary and plasma fluoride levels across three time points in pregnant mothers who were enrolled in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort study. METHODS Fluoride levels were characterized in archived urine and plasma from 872 pregnant mothers sampled from the ELEMENT cohort. Various statistical methods were used to analyze the fluoride data with particular consideration for changes across three stages of pregnancy and against sociodemographic variables. RESULTS All samples had detectable levels of fluoride. The mean urinary and plasma fluoride levels were 0.91 and 0.0221mg/L respectively, and these were not statistically different across three stages of pregnancy. Fluoride levels correlated across the stages of pregnancy studied, with stronger correlations between neighboring stages. Urinary fluoride changed as pregnancy progressed with levels increasing until ~23 weeks and then decreasing until the end of pregnancy. For plasma fluoride, there was a decreasing trend but this was not of statistical significance. Creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride levels did not associate consistently with any of the sociodemographic variables studied. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the most extensive characterization to date of fluoride exposure throughout pregnancy. These results provide the foundation to explore exposure-related health outcomes in the ELEMENT cohort and other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena B Thomas
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Karen Peterson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Morteza Bashash
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Avila
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Howard Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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14
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Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Sánchez BN, Zhang Z, Meeker JD, Mercado-Garcia A, Solano-González M, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. Adolescent epigenetic profiles and environmental exposures from early life through peri-adolescence. Environ Epigenet 2016; 2:dvw018. [PMID: 29492298 PMCID: PMC5804533 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic perturbations induced by environmental exposures at susceptible lifestages contribute to disease development. Even so, the influence of early life and ongoing exposures on the adolescent epigenome is rarely examined. We examined the association of exposure biomarkers for lead (Pb), bisphenol A (BPA), and nine phthalates metabolites with blood leukocyte DNA methylation at LINE-1 repetitive elements and environmentally responsive genes ( IGF2 , H19 , and HSD11B2 ) in peri-adolescents. Participants ( n = 247) from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohorts were followed-up once between the ages of 8 and 14 years, and concurrent exposures were measured in biospecimen collected at that time (blood Pb, urinary BPA, and phthalate metabolites). Prenatal and childhood exposures to Pb were previously approximated using maternal and child samples. BPA and phthalate metabolites were measured in third trimester maternal urine samples. Significant associations ( P < 0.05) were observed between DNA methylation and exposure biomarkers that were gene and biomarker specific. For example, Pb was only associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation during pregnancy ( P = 0.04), while early childhood Pb was instead associated with H19 hypermethylation ( P = 0.04). Concurrent urinary mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) was associated with HSD11B2 hypermethylation ( P = 0.005). Sex-specific associations, particularly among males, were also observed. In addition to single exposure models, principal component analysis was employed to examine exposure mixtures. This method largely corroborated the findings of the single exposure models. This study along with others in the field suggests that environment-epigenetic relationships vary by chemical, exposure timing, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. Tel: +1 734 647 1923; Fax: +1 734 936 7283; E-mail:
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15
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Sen A, Cingolani P, Senut MC, Land S, Mercado-Garcia A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Ruden DM. Lead exposure induces changes in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine clusters in CpG islands in human embryonic stem cells and umbilical cord blood. Epigenetics 2016; 10:607-21. [PMID: 26046694 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1050172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to neurotoxicants such as lead (Pb) may cause stable changes in the DNA methylation (5mC) profile of the fetal genome. However, few studies have examined its effect on the DNA de-methylation pathway, specifically the dynamic changes of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profile. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the relationship between Pb exposure and 5mC and 5hmC modifications during early development. To study the changes in the 5hmC profile, we use a novel modification of the Infinium™ HumanMethylation450 assay (Illumina, Inc.), which we named HMeDIP-450K assay, in an in vitro human embryonic stem cell model of Pb exposure. We model Pb exposure-associated 5hmC changes as clusters of correlated, adjacent CpG sites, which are co-responding to Pb. We further extend our study to look at Pb-dependent changes in high density 5hmC regions in umbilical cord blood DNA from 48 mother-infant pairs from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort. For our study, we randomly selected umbilical cord blood from 24 male and 24 female children from the 1st and 4th quartiles of Pb levels. Our data show that Pb-associated changes in the 5hmC and 5mC profiles can be divided into sex-dependent and sex-independent categories. Interestingly, differential 5mC sites are better markers of Pb-associated sex-dependent changes compared to differential 5hmC sites. In this study we identified several 5hmC and 5mC genomic loci, which we believe might have some potential as early biomarkers of prenatal Pb exposure.
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Key Words
- 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5-methylcytosine
- A-clustering approach for grouping HM450K CpG sites into clusters based on correlations
- Aclust
- CpG island, CpG islands are usually in the promoter and 5' untranslated regions of genes
- CpG islands
- CpG, sites, CG dinucleotide methylation site in the genome corresponding with probes on HM450K
- DMRs, Differentially methylated regions (clusters) identified by GEE
- DhMRs, Differentially Hydroxymethylated regions (clusters) identified by GEE
- ELEMENT, Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants
- GEE, Generalized Estimating Equations, used to measure the estimated change in DNA methylation in co-regulated regions of the genome
- HM450K
- HM450K, Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip array from Illumina
- HMeDIP-450K
- HMeDIP-450K, Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip array from Illumina coupled with immunoprecipitation with 5hmC antibodies
- LINE-1, Long Interspersed Element 1, a common retrotransposon in humans
- MRs, Methylation regions (clusters) identified by A-clustering
- clusters
- hMRs, Hydroxymethylated regions (clusters) identified by A-clustering
- lead
- umbilical cord blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Sen
- a Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Wayne State University ; Detroit , MI , USA
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Sanders AP, Burris HH, Just AC, Motta V, Svensson K, Mercado-Garcia A, Pantic I, Schwartz J, Tellez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA. microRNA expression in the cervix during pregnancy is associated with length of gestation. Epigenetics 2015; 10:221-8. [PMID: 25611922 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1006498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant mortality and can lead to poor life-long health and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The pathophysiologic mechanisms that precede preterm labor remain elusive, and the role that epigenetic phenomena play is largely unstudied. The objective of this study was to assess the association between microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in cervical cells obtained from swabs collected during pregnancy and the length of gestation. We analyzed cervical samples obtained between 16 and 19 weeks of gestation from 53 women in a prospective cohort from Mexico City, and followed them until delivery. Cervical miRNA was extracted and expression was quantified using the NanoString nCounter Analysis System. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between miRNA expression levels and gestational age at delivery, adjusted for maternal age, education, parity, body mass index, smoke exposure, and inflammation assessed on a Papanicolaou smear. We identified 6 miRNAs that were significantly associated with gestational age at the time of delivery, including miR-21, 30e, 142, 148b, 29b, and 223. Notably, per each doubling in miR-21 expression, gestations were 0.9 (95% CI: 0.2-1.5) days shorter on average (P = 0.009). Per each doubling in miR-30e, 142, 148b, 29b, and 223 expression, gestations were shorter by 1.0 to 1.6 days. The predicted targets of the miRNAs were enriched for molecules involved in DNA replication and inflammatory processes. The levels of specific miRNAs in the human cervix during pregnancy are predictive of gestational age at delivery, and should be validated in future studies as potential biomarkers of preterm birth risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P Sanders
- a Department of Preventive Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ; New York , NY USA
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Sanders AP, Burris HH, Just AC, Motta V, Amarasiriwardena C, Svensson K, Oken E, Solano-Gonzalez M, Mercado-Garcia A, Pantic I, Schwartz J, Tellez-Rojo MM, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO. Altered miRNA expression in the cervix during pregnancy associated with lead and mercury exposure. Epigenomics 2015; 7:885-96. [PMID: 26418635 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Toxic metals including lead and mercury are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to assess the association between miRNA expression in the cervix during pregnancy with lead and mercury levels. MATERIALS & METHODS We obtained cervical swabs from pregnant women (n = 60) and quantified cervical miRNA expression. Women's blood lead, bone lead and toenail mercury levels were analyzed. We performed linear regression to examine the association between metal levels and expression of 74 miRNAs adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Seventeen miRNAs were negatively associated with toenail mercury levels, and tibial bone lead levels were associated with decreased expression of miR-575 and miR-4286. CONCLUSION The findings highlight miRNAs in the human cervix as novel responders to maternal chemical exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P Sanders
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, RO 318, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valeria Motta
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology & Risk Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health University of Milan - Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology & Risk Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez
- Center for Nutrition & Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Nutrition & Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology & Risk Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Research in Public Health, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martha M Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition & Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology & Risk Program, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Burris HH, Baccarelli AA, Motta V, Byun HM, Just AC, Mercado-Garcia A, Schwartz J, Svensson K, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO. Association between length of gestation and cervical DNA methylation of PTGER2 and LINE 1-HS. Epigenetics 2014; 9:1083-91. [PMID: 24827772 DOI: 10.4161/epi.29170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 1 in 10 infants is born prior to 37 weeks gestation. Preterm birth can lead to increased mortality risk and poor life-long health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Whether environmental risk factors affect preterm birth through epigenetic phenomena is largely unstudied. We sought to determine whether preterm risk factors, such as smoke exposure and education, were associated with cervical DNA methylation in the prostaglandin E receptor 2 gene (PTGER2) and a repetitive element, long interspersed nuclear element-1 Homo sapiens-specific (LINE 1-HS). Second, we aimed to determine whether mid-pregnancy DNA methylation of these regions in cervical samples could predict the length of gestation. We obtained a cervical swab between 16-19 weeks gestation from 80 women participating in a Mexico City birth cohort, used pyrosequencing to analyze DNA methylation of PTGER2 and LINE 1-HS, and examined associations with maternal covariates. We used accelerated failure time models to analyze associations of DNA methylation with the length of gestation. DNA methylation of both sequences was associated with Pap smear inflammation. LINE 1-HS methylation was associated with smoke exposure, BMI and parity. In adjusted models, gestations were 3.3 days longer (95%CI 0.6, 6.0) for each interquartile range of PTGER2 DNA methylation. Higher LINE 1-HS methylation was associated with shorter gestations (-3.3 days, 95%CI -6.5, -0.2). In conclusion, cervical DNA methylation was associated with risk factors for preterm birth and the length of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather H Burris
- Department of Neonatology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Newborn Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics; Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA; Department of Environmental Health; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA
| | - Valeria Motta
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics; Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan, Italy
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics; Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA; Department of Environmental Health; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Health; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys; National Institute of Public Health; Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys; National Institute of Public Health; Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY USA
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Braun JM, Hoffman E, Schwartz J, Sanchez B, Schnaas L, Mercado-Garcia A, Solano-Gonzalez M, Bellinger DC, Lanphear BP, Hu H, Tellez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Hernandez-Avila M. Assessing windows of susceptibility to lead-induced cognitive deficits in Mexican children. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1040-7. [PMID: 22579785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of susceptible periods to Pb-induced decrements in childhood cognitive abilities remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To draw inferences about windows of susceptibility using the pattern of associations between serial childhood blood lead (BPb) concentrations and children's cognitive abilities at 4 years of age among 1035 mother-child pairs enrolled in 4 prospective birth cohorts from Mexico City. METHODS Multiple longitudinally collected BPb measurements were obtained from children (1, 2, 3, and 4 years) between 1994 and 2007. Child cognitive abilities were assessed at 4 years using the general cognitive index (GCI) of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate the change in cognitive abilities at 4 years of age with a 10 μg/dL increase in childhood BPb concentrations adjusting for maternal IQ, education, marital status, child sex, breastfeeding duration, and cohort. RESULTS In separate models for each BPb measurement, 2 year BPb concentrations were most strongly associated with reduced GCI scores at 4 years after adjusting for confounders (β: -3.8; 95% confidence interval CI: -6.3, -1.4). Mutual adjustment for other BPb concentrations in a single model resulted in larger, but less precise estimate between 2 year BPb concentrations and GCI scores at 4 years of age (β: -7.1; 95% CI: -12, -2.0). The association between 2 year BPb and GCI was not heterogeneous (p=0.89), but some BPb and GCI associations varied in magnitude and direction across the cohorts. Additional adjustment for child hemoglobin, birth weight, gestational age, gestational BPb concentrations, or test examiner did not change the pattern of associations. CONCLUSIONS Higher BPb concentrations at 2 years of age were most predictive of decreased cognitive abilities among these Mexico City children; however, the observed pattern may be due to exposure, outcome, or cohort related factors. These results may help developing countries more efficiently implement childhood Pb prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe M Braun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Téllez-Rojo MM, Hernández-Avila M, Trejo-Valdivia B, Solano-González M, Mercado-Garcia A, Smith D, Hu H, Wright RO. Association between the plasma/whole blood lead ratio and history of spontaneous abortion: a nested cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7:22. [PMID: 17900368 PMCID: PMC2148053 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood lead has been associated with an elevated risk of miscarriage. The plasmatic fraction of lead represents the toxicologically active fraction of lead. Women with a tendency to have a higher plasma/whole blood Pb ratio could tend towards an elevated risk of miscarriage due to a higher plasma Pb for a given whole blood Pb and would consequently have a history of spontaneous abortion. Methods We studied 207 pregnant Mexico City residents during the 1st trimester of pregnancy, originally recruited for two cohorts between 1997 and 2004. Criteria for inclusion in this study were having had at least one previous pregnancy, and having valid plasma and blood Pb measurements. Pb was measured in whole blood and plasma by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ultra-clean techniques. History of miscarriage in previous pregnancies was obtained by interview. The incidence rate of spontaneous abortion was defined as the proportion of previous pregnancies that resulted in miscarriage. Data were analyzed by means of Poisson regression models featuring the incidence rate of spontaneous abortion as the outcome and continuous or categorized plasma/blood Pb ratios as predictor variables. All models were adjusted for age and schooling. Additionally, logistic regression models featuring inclusion in the study sample as the outcome were fitted to assess potential selection bias. Results The mean number of miscarriages was 0.42 (range 0 to 4); mean Pb concentrations were 62.4 and 0.14 μg/L in whole blood and plasma respectively. Mean plasma/blood Pb ratio was 0.22%. We estimated that a 0.1% increment in the plasma/blood Pb ratio lead was associated to a 12% greater incidence of spontaneous abortion (p = 0.02). Women in the upper tertile of the plasma/blood Pb ratio had twice the incidence rate of those in the lower tertile (p = 0.02). Conditional on recruitment cohort, inclusion in the study sample was unrelated to observable characteristics such as number of abortions, number of pregnancies, blood Pb levels, age schooling, weight and height. Conclusion Women with a large plasma/whole blood Pb ratio may be at higher risk of miscarriage, which could be due to a greater availability of placental barrier-crossing Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa
- Division of Program Evaluation and Biostatistics, Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Division of Program Evaluation and Biostatistics, Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Belem Trejo-Valdivia
- Division of Program Evaluation and Biostatistics, Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
- Center for Research in Mathematics (CIMAT), Aguascalientes, México
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Division of Program Evaluation and Biostatistics, Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Adriana Mercado-Garcia
- Division of Environmental Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Donald Smith
- Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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Mercado-Garcia A, Hernandez-Cadena L, Tellez-Rojo MM, Lamadrid H, Hernandez-Avila M, Hu H. Interaction of Maternal Bone Lead Levels and Lactation Habits and its Effect on Infant Blood Lead Levels. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s117-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a time of increased need for calcium. The role of calcium supplements in altering maternal responses to fetal demand for calcium is not fully understood. This article describes the results of a randomized, crossover trial of calcium supplementation on bone resorption among pregnant women. DESIGN/SETTING PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-one Mexican women at 25-35 weeks gestation participated in the study for 20 days. Each woman received a 1200 mg calcium supplement on 10 consecutive days and a multivitamin without calcium for 10 days. Urine samples were collected daily. Two pooled specimens from each subject (representing urine from multivitamin days and from calcium days) were preserved, and levels of cross-linked, N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX), a biomarker of bone resorption, were measured. Dietary calcium intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 31 participants, 27 (87.1%) showed reductions in urinary NTX levels while ingesting calcium supplements. When not ingesting calcium, NTX levels for the 31 subjects had a mean of 96.8 nM BCE/mM creatinine; this was significantly higher (p<0.001) than the mean urinary NTX levels of 83.2 nM BCE/mM creatinine during ingestion of the calcium supplements. Neither age nor dietary calcium intake was a significant predictor of treatment effect. CONCLUSION A bedtime, 1200-mg calcium supplement during the third trimester of pregnancy reduces maternal bone resorption by an average of 13.6 nM BCE/mM creatinine (14%), as reflected by urinary NTX levels. These results suggest that calcium supplements reduce maternal skeletal-bone turnover during the third trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Janakiraman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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