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Zhang T, Nickerson R, Zhang W, Peng X, Shang Y, Zhou Y, Luo Q, Wen G, Cheng Z. The impacts of animal agriculture on One Health-Bacterial zoonosis, antimicrobial resistance, and beyond. One Health 2024; 18:100748. [PMID: 38774301 PMCID: PMC11107239 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The industrialization of animal agriculture has undoubtedly contributed to the improvement of human well-being by increasing the efficiency of food animal production. At the same time, it has also drastically impacted the natural environment and human society. The One Health initiative emphasizes the interdependency of the health of ecosystems, animals, and humans. In this paper, we discuss some of the most profound consequences of animal agriculture practices from a One Health perspective. More specifically, we focus on impacts to host-microbe interactions by elaborating on how modern animal agriculture affects zoonotic infections, specifically those of bacterial origin, and the concomitant emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A key question underlying these deeply interconnected issues is how to better prevent, monitor, and manage infections in animal agriculture. To address this, we outline approaches to mitigate the impacts of agricultural bacterial zoonoses and AMR, including the development of novel treatments as well as non-drug approaches comprising integrated surveillance programs and policy and education regarding agricultural practices and antimicrobial stewardship. Finally, we touch upon additional major environmental and health factors impacted by animal agriculture within the One Health context, including animal welfare, food security, food safety, and climate change. Charting how these issues are interwoven to comprise the complex web of animal agriculture's broad impacts on One Health will allow for the development of concerted, multidisciplinary interventions which are truly necessary to tackle these issues from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Rhea Nickerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xitian Peng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Quality and Safe Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Wuhan), Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Quality and Safe Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Wuhan), Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
| | - Qingping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Mathew M, Afthab M, S S, C S, Mathew J, K RE. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among the Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria Isolated on XLD Agar from the Poultry Fecal Samples. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2318-2331. [PMID: 37540287 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Poultry products remain as one of the most popular and extensively consumed foods in the world and the introduction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producing antibiotic resistant bacterial species into it is an emerging challenge. The current study has been designed to analyze the distribution of antibiotic resistance among the H2S producing bacteria isolated from the fecal samples of chickens from different poultry farms. Here, twenty bacterial isolates were selected based on their ability to produce H2S on XLD agar, and the16S rDNA sequencing was carried out for their molecular identification. The results showed the isolates as belong to Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. and in the antibiotic susceptibility test (AST), three of the Salmonella strains were found to be resistant to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, nalidixic acid, and amikacin. Also, fourteen Citrobacter strains showed resistance towards azithromycin, and furthermore, eleven of them were also resistant to streptomycin. Resistance towards tetracycline was observed among five of the Citrobacter strains, and seven were resistant to doxycycline. Further molecular screening by the PCR has showed three of the Salmonella strains along with eight Citrobacter isolates to have tetA gene along with four of the Citrobacter strains to have co-harbored blaTEM gene. The results on biofilm formation have also demonstrated three Salmonella strains along with nine Citrobacter strains to have the ability to form moderate biofilm. The study thus describes the occurrence of H2S producing multidrug-resistant bacteria in poultry feces, which might contribute towards the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to other microorganisms including human pathogens with likely risk to treat disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mathew
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Muhammed Afthab
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sreejith S
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sandhya C
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Radhakrishnan E K
- School of Biosciencess, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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Singh H, Neha K, Kumar R, Kaushik P, Singh AK, Singh G. Role of infrastructure and operation in disease prevalence in dairy farms: groundwork for disease prevention-based antibiotic stewardship. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106158. [PMID: 38447491 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Attempts at regulating misuse of antibiotics in the dairy industry have been ineffective, especially in low- and middle-income countries, who also typically have high burden of preventable infectious disease, we propose a disease prevention-based approach to minimize the need and in turn consumption of antibiotics in dairy farms. Since the immediate environment of the animals is key to disease prevalence, we targeted the infrastructure- and operation-related factors in dairy farms and their link with prevalence of most common diseases and symptoms. We conducted four focused group discussions and a cross-sectional survey in 378 dairy farms to investigate disease prevalence and associated infrastructural (housing system, and manger shape), and operational (waste management, feed management, and type of cleaning agent) parameters. The most common diseases (Mastitis and secondary infections related to Foot-and-mouth disease) and symptoms (fever and diarrhoea) in the focus area were linked with the infrastructural and operational factors on the dairy farm with higher disease prevalence reported in dairy farms, where the animals were exposed to variations in diurnal temperatures or were hard to clean. We further used ML classifiers - Neural Network (NN), k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) - to corroborate the relationship between infrastructure and operations of the dairy farms and disease prevalence- The DT classifier on randomly sampled data could predict the prevalence of the two most common diseases (accuracy = 92%, F1-score = 0.919) Our results open new avenues for cost-effective interventions such as use of curve-edged mangers, use of rubber mats on floors, not reusing leftover feed etc. in dairy farms to prevent the most common diseases and symptoms in dairy farms and reduce the need and consumption of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kumari Neha
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Pallavi Kaushik
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Awanish Kumar Singh
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Gargi Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Goswami P, Ohura T, Suzuki R, Koike N, Watanabe M, Guruge KS. Hazardous implications of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in feedstuff: Congener specificity and toxic levels in feed ingredients and feeds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169855. [PMID: 38185150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Studies have shown that halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs), including chlorinated (ClPAHs) and brominated PAHs (BrPAHs), could be hazardous pollutants due to their pervasive occurrence in the environment. However, their accumulation properties and toxic potentials in animal feedstuffs remain unclear. This study investigated 75 congeners of parent PAHs, ClPAHs, and BrPAHs in animal-based feed ingredients and fish and swine feeds in Japan using a GC/Orbitrap MS system. The total parent PAHs ranged from below the method detection limit (
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Goswami
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Natsuki Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Mafumi Watanabe
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keerthi S Guruge
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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5
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Gao Y, Luo Y, Pan Z, Zeng Z, Fan W, Hu J, Zhang Z, Ma J, Zhou Y, Ma J. Comparative study of Fe(II)/sulfite, Fe(II)/PDS and Fe(II)/PMS for p-arsanilic acid treatment: Efficient organic arsenic degradation and contrasting total arsenic removal. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120967. [PMID: 38070343 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As a widely used feed additives, p-arsanilic acid (p-AsA) frequently detected in the environment poses serious threats to aquatic ecology and water security due to its potential in releasing more toxic inorganic arsenic. In this work, the efficiency of Fe(II)/sulfite, Fe(II)/PDS and Fe(II)/PMS systems in p-AsA degradation and simultaneous arsenic removal was comparatively investigated for the first time. Efficient p-AsA abatement was achieved in theses Fe-based systems, while notable discrepancy in total arsenic removal was observed under identical acidic condition. By using chemical probing method, quenching experiments, isotopically labeled water experiments, p-AsA degradation was ascribed to the combined contribution of high-valent Fe(IV) and SO4•-in these Fe(II)-based system. In particular, the relative contribution of Fe(IV) and SO4•- in the Fe(II)/sulfite system was highly dependent on the molar ratio of [Fe(II)] and [sulfite]. Negligible arsenic removal was observed in the Fe(II)/sulfite and Fe(II)/PDS systems, while ∼80% arsenic was removed in the Fe(II)/PMS system under identical acidic condition. This interesting phenomenon was due to that ferric precipitation only occurred in the Fe(II)/PMS system. As(V) was further removed via adsorption onto the iron precipitate or the formation of ferric arsenate-sulfate compounds, which was confirmed by particle diameter measurements, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Through tuning solution pH, complete removal of total arsenic could achieve in all three systems. Among these three Fe-based technologies, the hybrid oxidation-coagulation Fe(II)/PMS system demonstrated potential superiority for arsenic immobilization by not requiring pH adjustment for coagulation and facilitating the in-situ generation of ferric arsenate-sulfate compounds with comparably low solubility levels like scorodite. These findings would deepen the understanding of these three Fe-based Fenton-like technologies for decontamination in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yun Luo
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhao Pan
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenxia Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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6
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Yan L, Liu R, Zhang C, Fu D. Investigation into the electrochemical advanced oxidation of p-arsanilic acid: Peculiar role of electrolytes and unexpected formation of coupling byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167538. [PMID: 37797755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Although banned in some countries, p-arsanilic acid (ASA) is still widely used as feed additive in poultry production. As a result, ASA is usually released into the aquatic environment without any treatments. Although ASA exhibits low toxicity, it can be transformed into highly toxic aromatic amines and inorganic arsenic species (As (V) as H2AsO4- and HAsO42-) under natural environmental conditions. Hence, it is necessary to develop efficient technologies for its removal or degradation. In this contribution, electrochemical advanced oxidation technology with boron-doped diamond (BDD) had been initially used to degrade ASA pollutants. A five-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was implemented to optimize the various influencing factors involved, among applied current density, NaCl concentration, Na2SO4 concentration and NaHCO3 concentration on the oxidation efficiency; the latter was assessed in terms of ASA degradation percentage. The results obtained highlighted the unique and important roles of electrolytes during the electrolytic oxidations. Meanwhile, the major degradation byproducts detected were also strongly dependent on the electrolyte adopted. In particular, several oligomer byproducts with novel structures were initially identified in BDD-treated ASA solutions. Two different electrochemical transformation pathways of ASA on BDD anode were thus proposed. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of BDD technology in the degradation of ASA, as well as the potential minor risk of its application in actual ASA wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yan
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Degang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Low KE, Tingley JP, Klassen L, King ML, Xing X, Watt C, Hoover SER, Gorzelak M, Abbott DW. Carbohydrate flow through agricultural ecosystems: Implications for synthesis and microbial conversion of carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108245. [PMID: 37652144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are chemically and structurally diverse biomolecules, serving numerous and varied roles in agricultural ecosystems. Crops and horticulture products are inherent sources of carbohydrates that are consumed by humans and non-human animals alike; however carbohydrates are also present in other agricultural materials, such as soil and compost, human and animal tissues, milk and dairy products, and honey. The biosynthesis, modification, and flow of carbohydrates within and between agricultural ecosystems is intimately related with microbial communities that colonize and thrive within these environments. Recent advances in -omics techniques have ushered in a new era for microbial ecology by illuminating the functional potential for carbohydrate metabolism encoded within microbial genomes, while agricultural glycomics is providing fresh perspective on carbohydrate-microbe interactions and how they influence the flow of functionalized carbon. Indeed, carbohydrates and carbohydrate-active enzymes are interventions with unrealized potential for improving carbon sequestration, soil fertility and stability, developing alternatives to antimicrobials, and circular production systems. In this manner, glycomics represents a new frontier for carbohydrate-based biotechnological solutions for agricultural systems facing escalating challenges, such as the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Leeann Klassen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Marissa L King
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Caitlin Watt
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shelley E R Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Gorzelak
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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Dhakal J, Aldrich CG. Application of Acidulants to Control Salmonella spp. in Rendered Animal Fats and Oils with Different Levels of Unsaturation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081304. [PMID: 37106867 PMCID: PMC10135219 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella-contaminated pet foods could potentially become a source of human salmonellosis. This study evaluated the survival of Salmonella without and with the addition of acidulants in different fat types (chicken fat (CF), canola oil (CO), Menhaden fish oil (FO), lard (La), and tallow (Ta)) commonly used to coat dry pet food kibbles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of individual acidulants and the combination were determined using the broth microdilution method. Autoclave-sterilized rendered fats were treated with pre-determined concentrations of antimicrobial acidulants (0.5% sodium bisulfate (SBS), 0.5% phosphoric acid (PA), 0.25% lactic acid (LA), etc.) and incubated overnight at 45 °C. The treated fats were inoculated with approximately eight logs of a Salmonella cocktail. Microbiological analyses were conducted separately for the fat-phase and water-phase at predetermined time intervals (0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h) by plating them onto TSA plates. After incubating at 37 °C for 24 h, the plate count results were expressed as log CFU/mL. The MIC of SBS was 0.3125%, and of PA and LA were both 0.1953% against cocktail Salmonella serotypes. We observed a possible synergistic effect when SBS and organic acid were combined. All the acidulant tested at targeted concentrations individually as well as in combination with organic acids were highly effective against Salmonella spp. (non-detectable within 2 h) across different fat types. A potent anti-bactericidal effect leading to non-detectable Salmonella immediately (<1 h) at 45 °C was observed in the aqueous phase of the fish oil system, even without the addition of acidulants. These findings are significant for the dry pet food industries, where potential post-processing contamination of Salmonella could be controlled by treating fats and oils with acidulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak Dhakal
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Charles G Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Emamjomeh M, Mohd Hashim A, Abdul-Mutalib NA, Khairil Mokhtar NF, Mustapha NA, Maeda T, Amin-Nordin S. Profiling bacterial communities and foodborne pathogens on food-associated surface following contact with raw beef, chicken and pork using 16S amplicon metagenomics. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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10
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Paredes R, Damme M, Mantilla J, Castellanos LR, Clavijo V, Celis Y, Mehta K, Kumar A, Patiño A, Jeyashree K. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in animal feed in Colombia. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e57. [PMID: 37082538 PMCID: PMC10105593 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in animal feed samples collected between 2018 and 2021 in Colombia. Methods This was a laboratory-based cross-sectional study using routine data from the program for inspection, surveillance, and control of animal feed at the Colombian Agriculture Institute. Samples of animal feed for swine, poultry, canine, feline, leporine, piscine, and equine species were processed for detection of E. coli and Salmonella spp. using enrichment and selective culture methods. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using an automated microdilution method. Results Of 1 748 animal feed samples analyzed, 83 (4.7%) were positive for E. coli and 66 (3.8%) for Salmonella spp. The presence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. was highest in feed for poultry (6.4% and 5.5%) and swine (6.1% and 4.3%). Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed in 27 (33%) E. coli isolates and 26 (39%) Salmonella isolates. Among E. coli, resistance was most frequently observed to ampicillin (44.5%) followed by cefazolin (33.3%), ciprofloxacin (29.6%), ampicillin/sulbactam (26%), and ceftriaxone (11.1%). The highest resistance levels in Salmonella spp. isolates were against cefazolin (7.7%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (7.7%). Conclusions This is the first study from Colombia reporting on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in animal feed samples. Its results establish a baseline over a wide geographical distribution in Colombia. It highlights the need to integrate antimicrobial resistance surveillance in animal feed due to the emergence of resistant bacteria in this important stage of the supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Paredes
- Instituto Colombiano AgropecuarioMosqueraColombiaInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Mosquera, Colombia
- Rocío Paredes,
| | - Monica Damme
- Instituto Colombiano AgropecuarioMosqueraColombiaInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Jazmin Mantilla
- Instituto Colombiano AgropecuarioMosqueraColombiaInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Luis Ricardo Castellanos
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUnited KingdomQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- Ciencia y Tecnología de Fagos Sciphage S.A.SBogotáColombiaCiencia y Tecnología de Fagos Sciphage S.A.S, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yamile Celis
- Pan American Health OrganizationBogotáColombiaPan American Health Organization, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kedar Mehta
- GMERS Medical CollegeGotri VadodaraIndiaGMERS Medical College, Gotri Vadodara, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFranceInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseNew DelhiIndiaInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, New Delhi, India
- Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)MangaluruIndiaYenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - Ana Patiño
- Instituto Colombiano AgropecuarioMosqueraColombiaInstituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Kathiresan Jeyashree
- Indian Council of Medical Research–National Institute of EpidemiologyChennaiIndiaIndian Council of Medical Research–National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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Boschin G, Tesio E, Arnoldi A. A field case of pig poisoning by accidental feed contamination by alkaloid-rich lupin seeds. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2147181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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12
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Knorr D, Augustin MA. From Food to Gods to Food to Waste. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5379-5397. [PMID: 36503306 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present global food waste problem threatens food systems sustainability and our planet. The generation of food waste stems from the interacting factors of the need for food production, food access and availability, motivations and ignorance around food purchase and consumption, and market constraints. Food waste has increased over time. This is related to the change in how humans value food through the generations and altered human food consumption and food discard behaviors. There is also a lack of understanding of the impacts of current food production, processing and consumption patterns on food waste creation. This review examines the cultural, religious, social and economic factors influencing attitudes to food and their effects on food waste generation. The lessons from history about how humans strove toward zero waste are covered. We review the important drivers of food waste: waste for profit, food diversion to feed, waste for convenience, labeling, food service waste and household food waste. We discuss strategies for food waste reduction: recovery of food and food ingredients, waste conversion to energy and food, reducing waste from production/processing and reducing consumer food waste, and emphasize the need for all stakeholders to work together to reduce food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Knorr
- Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Pajurek M, Warenik-Bany M, Mikolajczyk S. Feed as a source of dioxins and PCBs. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136243. [PMID: 36055594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins (PCDD/PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of undesirable chemicals classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The main route of human exposure to these compounds is through the diet (about 80%), with food of animal origin being the predominant source. For this reason, animal feed can contribute significantly to the presence of these compounds in food. The aim of this study was to present the concentrations of dioxins and PCBs as well as congener profiles in feed exceeding the acceptable limits (277/2012/EU). In addition, an attempt was made to identify the source of contamination for the different types of contaminated feedstuffs. Among a total of 743 samples of feed materials from the Polish market tested between 2013 and 2021, exceedances of the maximum levels of dioxins and PCBs were found in 21 samples (2.8%). The largest group among the non-compliant feed samples were feed materials of plant origin (43%) followed in decreasing order by vegetable oils and fats of animal origin (24%), materials of mineral origin (9%), and fish oils and meals (5%). The exceedances of the dioxin limits in the category feed materials of plant origin were only caused by dried materials (pulp, dried alfalfa, dried apple). Furthermore, for 8 (1%) samples, the concentrations of test substances exceeding the Action Levels (AL) were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pajurek
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - M Warenik-Bany
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - S Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
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14
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Malayil L, Ramachandran P, Chattopadhyay S, Allard SM, Bui A, Butron J, Callahan MT, Craddock HA, Murray R, East C, Sharma M, Kniel K, Micallef S, Hashem F, Gerba CP, Ravishankar S, Parveen S, May E, Handy E, Kulkarni P, Anderson-Coughlin B, Craighead S, Gartley S, Vanore A, Duncan R, Foust D, Haymaker J, Betancourt W, Zhu L, Mongodin EF, Sapkota A, Pop M, Sapkota AR. Variations in Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Across Diverse Recycled and Surface Water Irrigation Sources in the Mid-Atlantic and Southwest United States: A CONSERVE Two-Year Field Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15019-15033. [PMID: 36194536 PMCID: PMC9632240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reduced availability of agricultural water has spurred increased interest in using recycled irrigation water for U.S. food crop production. However, there are significant knowledge gaps concerning the microbiological quality of these water sources. To address these gaps, we used 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing to characterize taxonomic and functional variations (e.g., antimicrobial resistance) in bacterial communities across diverse recycled and surface water irrigation sources. We collected 1 L water samples (n = 410) between 2016 and 2018 from the Mid-Atlantic (12 sites) and Southwest (10 sites) U.S. Samples were filtered, and DNA was extracted. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were then PCR amplified and sequenced. Metagenomic sequencing was also performed to characterize antibiotic, metal, and biocide resistance genes. Bacterial alpha and beta diversities were significantly different (p < 0.001) across water types and seasons. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophilia were observed across sample types. The most common antibiotic resistance genes identified coded against macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramins, aminoglycosides, rifampin and elfamycins, and their read counts fluctuated across seasons. We also observed multi-metal and multi-biocide resistance across all water types. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive longitudinal study to date of U.S. recycled water and surface water used for irrigation. Our findings improve understanding of the potential differences in the risk of exposure to bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes originating from diverse irrigation water sources across seasons and U.S. regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Malayil
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Padmini Ramachandran
- Office
of Regulatory Science, Division of Microbiology, United States Food and Drug Administration, HFS-712, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Sarah M. Allard
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jicell Butron
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Mary Theresa Callahan
- Department
of Plant Science and Landscape Agriculture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Hillary A. Craddock
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Rianna Murray
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Cheryl East
- Northeast
Area, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Environmental Microbiology
and Food Safety Laboratory, Agriculture
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Manan Sharma
- Northeast
Area, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Environmental Microbiology
and Food Safety Laboratory, Agriculture
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Kalmia Kniel
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shirley Micallef
- Department
of Plant Science and Landscape Agriculture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Charles P. Gerba
- Department
of Environmental Science, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Sadhana Ravishankar
- School
of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Eric May
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Eric Handy
- Northeast
Area, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Environmental Microbiology
and Food Safety Laboratory, Agriculture
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Brienna Anderson-Coughlin
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shani Craighead
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Samantha Gartley
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Adam Vanore
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rico Duncan
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Derek Foust
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Joseph Haymaker
- Department
of Agriculture and Resource Sciences, University
of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Walter Betancourt
- Department
of Environmental Science, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Libin Zhu
- School
of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Emmanuel F. Mongodin
- Institute
for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Mihai Pop
- Department
of Computer Science and Center for Bioinformatics and Computational
Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amy R. Sapkota
- Maryland
Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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15
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Rodrigues LA, Panisson JC, Van Kessel AG, Columbus DA. Functional amino acid supplementation attenuates the negative effects of plant-based nursery diets on the response of pigs to a subsequent Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac267. [PMID: 35976068 PMCID: PMC9584161 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional amino acids (FAA) attenuate the effects of Salmonella challenge in pigs. However, this may be affected by protein source (PS). The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of nursery dietary PS and FAA supplementation on growth performance and immune status of pigs subsequently challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Thirty-two weanling pigs (8.7 ± 0.23 kg) were assigned to a feeding program for 31 d in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were dietary PS (plant-based [PB] vs. animal-based [AB]) and FAA profile (basal [FAA-] or supplemented [FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements]). Pigs were subsequently placed on a common grower diet and, after a 7-d adaptation, were inoculated with ST and monitored for 7 d postinoculation. Growth performance, rectal temperature, fecal score, gut health, ST shedding score, intestinal colonization and translocation, and blood parameters of acute-phase response and antioxidant balance were measured pre- and postinoculation. Data were analyzed with a 2 (AB vs. PB) × 2 (FAA- vs. FAA+) factorial arrangement of treatments and differences between means were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Postinoculation fecal score was worse, ST shedding, cecal myeloperoxidase, and cecal and colonic ST colonization were greater in PB compared to AB pigs (P < 0.05). Translocation of ST to spleen was decreased by FAA+ (P < 0.05), regardless of dietary PS. Postinoculation, AB pigs had greater average daily gain compared to PB-FAA- (P < 0.05). Pigs fed AB-FAA- showed increased average daily feed intake compared to PB-FAA- pigs (P < 0.05) and feed efficiency was increased in AB-FAA+ compared to PB-FAA- pigs (P < 0.05). Feeding PB ingredients in nursery diets seems to increase susceptibility of pigs to Salmonella. Moreover, FAA supplementation partially attenuated the negative effects of PB diets on the response of pigs to ST challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Rodrigues
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Josiane C Panisson
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew G Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
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16
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Raza S, Choi S, Lee M, Shin J, Son H, Wang J, Kim YM. Spatial and temporal effects of fish feed on antibiotic resistance in coastal aquaculture farms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113177. [PMID: 35346654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, both spatial and temporal effects of fish feed on changes in abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in South Korea via quantifying ARGs and analyzing physicochemical parameters in the influent (IN) and effluent before (BF) and 30 min after (AF) the fish feeding time of sixteen flow-through fish farms. The absolute abundance of ARGs in AF samples was 5 times higher than in BF and 12 times higher than in IN samples. Values of physicochemical parameters such as ammonia, total nitrogen, suspended solids and turbidity in the effluent significantly increased by 21.6, 4.2, 2.6 and 1.65 times, respectively, after fish feeding. Spatially, the fish farms on Jeju Island exhibited higher relative abundance (3.02 × 10-4 - 6.1 × 10-2) of ARGs compared to the farms in nearby Jeollanam-do (3.4 × 10-5 - 8.3 × 10-3). Seasonally, samples in summer and autumn showed a higher abundance of ARGs than in winter and spring. To assess risk to the food chain as well as public health, further studies are warranted to explore the pathogenic potential of these ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Raza
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangki Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyeong Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Busan, 50804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Hamani B, Moula N, Taffa AG, Leyo IH, Mahamadou C, Detilleux J, Van QCD. Effect of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of local chickens in Niger. Vet World 2022; 15:1738-1748. [PMID: 36185512 PMCID: PMC9394129 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1738-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The meat supply of local poultry for human consumption is greater than that of fast-growing poultry in Niger. However, meeting the protein needs of these local chickens is a major challenge due to the availability of protein sources and their cost. Nowadays, insect larvae such as houseflies are used and even recommended as animal feed; hence, the need to evaluate the effect of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae on the growth performance of local chickens. This study investigated the feeding effects of housefly larvae on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of local Nigerien chickens and determined the rate of fish meal substitution, in fresh or dry larvae form, whichever would be preferable.
Materials and Methods: A total of 165 3-week-old local unsexed chickens of the salmon variety, weighing 120.3 ± 15.43 g, were used to evaluate the effect of housefly (M. domestica) larvae on their growth performance and carcass yield (CY). The experiment consisted of five treatments with three replicates, that is, 15 batches of 11 animals each. Five iso-protein-caloric diets were developed with 25%, and then 50% fish meal substitution with fresh and dried housefly larvae. The chicks were reared together during the first 3 weeks for their adaptation, during which they were fed an imported starter commercial feed, ad libitum. After that, they were weighed weekly for 12 weeks. Next, the body weights (BWs) were taken weekly for all chicks, feed daily intake and mortality were recorded daily, and average daily gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and viability rate were calculated. In the end, four chickens (two males and two females) per batch were slaughtered for the CY evaluation, breast meat, drumstick and tight (legs), and wings. Statistical analyses were performed using a linear mixed model for repeated data.
Results: The weight, FCR, and carcass traits were unaffected by either the rate or larvae state. Conversely, the growth rate was improved, and feed consumption was increased. Notably, the chickens consumed more feed but grew faster with fresh larvae and at a higher substitution rate.
Conclusion: This study reported that 50% fresh or dried housefly larvae substituted into the fish meal in growing local chicken's diets had no effect on their BW, FCR, and carcass traits but increased the growth rate and feed consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Hamani
- Agronomy Faculty, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, BP 10 960 Niamey-Niger
| | - Nassim Moula
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animal and Heath, Departement of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; GIGA–Animal Facilities–ULiege–B 34, Liege, Belgium
| | - Adamou Guisso Taffa
- Agronomy Faculty, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, BP 10 960 Niamey-Niger
| | - Idriss Hamidou Leyo
- Agronomy Faculty, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, BP 10 960 Niamey-Niger
| | - Chaibou Mahamadou
- Agronomy Faculty, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, BP 10 960 Niamey-Niger
| | - Johann Detilleux
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animal and Heath, Departement of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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18
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Zeng Y, Chang F, Liu Q, Duan L, Li D, Zhang H. Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Sources and Detection of Antibiotics in Aquatic Environments. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:5091181. [PMID: 35663459 PMCID: PMC9159860 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water quality and safety are vital to the ecological environment, social development, and ecological susceptibility. The extensive use and continuous discharge of antibiotics have caused serious water pollution; antibiotics are widely found in freshwater, drinking water, and reservoirs; and this pollution has become a common phenomenon and challenge in global water ecosystems, as water polluted by antibiotics poses serious risks to human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, the antibiotic content in water should be identified, monitored, and eliminated. Nevertheless, there is no single method that can detect all different types of antibiotics, so various techniques are often combined to produce reliable results. This review summarizes the sources of antibiotic pollution in water, covering three main aspects: (1) wastewater discharges from domestic sewage, (2) medical wastewater, and (3) animal physiology and aquaculture. The existing analytical techniques, including extraction techniques, conventional detection methods, and biosensors, are reviewed. The electrochemical biosensors have become a research hotspot in recent years because of their rapid detection, high efficiency, and portability, and the use of nanoparticles contributes to these outstanding qualities. Additionally, the comprehensive quality evaluation of various detection methods, including the linear detection range, detection limit (LOD), and recovery rate, is discussed, and the future of this research field is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zeng
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Fengqin Chang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Lizeng Duan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
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19
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Parker EM, Valcanis M, Edwards LJ, Andersson P, Mollenkopf DF, Wittum TE. Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is detected more frequently in feed milling equipment than in raw feed components or processed animal feed. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:213-219. [PMID: 35040117 PMCID: PMC9304270 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Food for human and animal consumption can provide a vehicle for the transfer of pathogenic and antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria into the food chain. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 453 Salmonella isolates collected from raw feed components, equipment and finished feed from 17 commercial feed mills in Australia between 2012 and 2021. Previous studies have found Salmonella prevalence and the diversity of Salmonella serotypes are greatest in the raw feed components. We, therefore, hypothesised that we would find a greater proportion of antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella isolates in the raw feed components compared to other sample types. We found that of 453 isolates tested, 356 (0.80) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, 49 (0.11) were nonsusceptible to streptomycin only and 48 (0.11) were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Of the 48 antimicrobial‐resistant isolates, 44 were found in feed milling equipment, two in raw feed components and two in finished feed. Statistical analysis, using a logistic regression with random effects model, found that the population‐adjusted mean probability of detecting antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella isolates from feed milling equipment of 0.39, was larger than the probability of detecting resistant isolates in raw feed components 0.01, (P < 0.001) and in finished feed, 0.11, (P = 0.006). This propensity for antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria to colonise feed milling equipment has not been previously reported. Further studies are required to understand the ecology of antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella in the feed milling environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Parker
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920, Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - M Valcanis
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit-Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L J Edwards
- Ridley AgriProducts Pty Ltd, 70-80, Bald Hill Road, Pakenham, Victoria, 3810, Australia
| | - P Andersson
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit-Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D F Mollenkopf
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920, Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - T E Wittum
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920, Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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20
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Chi G, Xu Y, Cao X, Li Z, Cao M, Chisti Y, He N. Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by Schizochytrium (Aurantiochytrium) spp. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107897. [PMID: 34974158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diverse health benefits are associated with dietary consumption of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Traditionally, these fatty acids have been obtained from fish oil, but limited supply, variably quality, and an inability to sustainably increase production for a rapidly growing market, are driving the quest for alternative sources. DHA derived from certain marine protists (heterotrophic thraustochytrids) already has an established history of commercial production for high-value dietary use, but is too expensive for use in aquaculture feeds, a much larger potential market for ω-3 LC-PUFA. Sustainable expansion of aquaculture is prevented by its current dependence on wild-caught fish oil as the source of ω-3 LC-PUFA nutrients required in the diet of aquacultured animals. Although several thraustochytrids have been shown to produce DHA and EPA, there is a particular interest in Schizochytrium spp. (now Aurantiochytrium spp.), as some of the better producers. The need for larger scale production has resulted in development of many strategies for improving productivity and production economics of ω-3 PUFA in Schizochytrium spp. Developments in fermentation technology and metabolic engineering for enhancing LC-PUFA production in Schizochytrium spp. are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Chi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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21
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Beef from Calves Finished with a Diet Based on Concentrate Rich in Agro-Industrial By-Products: Acceptability and Quality Label Preferences in Spanish Meat Consumers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010006. [PMID: 35011112 PMCID: PMC8749768 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjoint analysis was used to estimate the relative importance of some of the main extrinsic attributes and quality labels of beef in three Spanish cities (Córdoba, Marbella, and Santa Pola) in a study performed with 300 individuals. Consumers were segmented according to their frequency of consumption. Willingness to pay for different meats was also calculated from the conjoint analysis results. Consumer liking of beef that had been finished with an alternative concentrate rich in agro-industrial by-products and aged for three different durations as compared to conventionally finished beef was also evaluated using the same consumers. The most important attribute for Spanish consumers was the price (28%), followed by origin (25%), animal welfare certification (19%), protected geographical indication (14%), and organic agriculture certification (14%). Most consumers preferred beef from Spain at the lowest possible price and with the highest number of quality labels. Consumers were willing to pay a premium of 1.49, 3.61, and 5.53 EUR over 14 EUR/kg for organic certification, protected geographical indication, and animal welfare certification, respectively. Sensory analysis revealed that, for regular consumers, beef finished with an alternative concentrate rich in agro-industrial by-products offered several hedonic advantages (color, flavor, and tenderness) when compared to beef finished using a conventional diet, while occasional consumers did not find any difference between the two kinds of meat.
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22
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Parker EM, Parker AJ, Short G, O'Connor AM, Wittum TE. Salmonella detection in commercially prepared livestock feed and the raw ingredients and equipment used to manufacture the feed: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2021; 198:105546. [PMID: 34826732 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella contamination of livestock feed is a serious veterinary and public health issue. In this study we used a systematic review to assess the prevalence and characterization of Salmonella isolates detected in raw feed components, feed milling equipment and finished feed from 97 studies published from 1955 to 2020 across seven global regions. Eighty-five studies were included in a meta-analyses to estimate the combined prevalence of Salmonella detection and to compare the risk of contamination associated with different sample types. We found the overall combined prevalence estimate of Salmonella detection was 0.14 with a prevalence of 0.18 in raw feed components, 0.09 in finished feed and 0.08 in feed milling equipment. Animal based raw feed components were 3.9 times more likely to be contaminated with Salmonella than plant based raw feed components. Differences between studies accounted for 99 % of the variance in the prevalence estimate for all sample types and there was no effect of region on the prevalence estimates. The combined prevalence of Salmonella detection in raw feed components decreased from 0.25 in 1955 to 0.11 in 2019. The proportion of Salmonella isolates that were resistant to antimicrobials was largest for amikacin (0.20), tetracycline (0.18) streptomycin (0.17), cefotaxime (0.14) and sulfisoxazole (0.11). The prevalence of Salmonella contamination of animal feed varies widely between individual studies and is an ongoing challenge for the commercial feed industry. Control relies on the vigilant monitoring and control of Salmonella in each individual mill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Parker
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Anthony J Parker
- The Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Gwen Short
- The Wooster Campus Research Library, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Annette M O'Connor
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Thomas E Wittum
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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23
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Ban Y, Guan LL. Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:109. [PMID: 34635155 PMCID: PMC8507308 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals' health and production performance. Due to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics, DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock industry. Microorganisms used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria, lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups, and fungi containing Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. To date, the available DFMs for ruminants have been largely based on their effects on improving the feed efficiency and ruminant productivity through enhancing the rumen function such as stabilizing ruminal pH, promoting ruminal fermentation and feed digestion. Recent research has shown emerging evidence that the DFMs may improve performance and health in young ruminants, however, these positive outcomes were not consistent among studies and the modes of action have not been clearly defined. This review summarizes the DFM studies conducted in ruminants in the last decade, aiming to provide the new knowledge on DFM supplementation strategies for various ruminant production stages, and to identify what are the potential barriers and challenges for current ruminant industry to adopt the DFMs. Overall literature research indicates that DFMs have the potential to mitigate ruminal acidosis, improve immune response and gut health, increase productivity (growth and milk production), and reduce methane emissions or fecal shedding of pathogens. More research is needed to explore the mode of action of specific DFMs in the gut of ruminants, and the optimal supplementation strategies to promote the development and efficiency of DFM products for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ban
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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24
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Robson K, Dean M, Haughey SA, Elliott CT. The identification of beef crimes and the creation of a bespoke beef crimes risk assessment tool. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Golden CE, Rothrock MJ, Mishra A. Mapping foodborne pathogen contamination throughout the conventional and alternative poultry supply chains. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101157. [PMID: 34089937 PMCID: PMC8182426 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a consumer push for natural and organic food products. This has caused alternative poultry production, such as organic, pasture, and free-range systems, to grow in popularity. Due to the stricter rearing practices of alternative poultry production systems, different types of levels of microbiological risks might be present for these systems when compared to conventional production systems. Both conventional and alternative production systems have complex supply chains that present many different opportunities for flocks of birds or poultry meat to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens. As such, it is important to understand the risks involved during each step of production. The purpose of this review is to detail the potential routes of foodborne pathogen transmission throughout the conventional and alternative supply chains, with a special emphasis on the differences in risk between the two management systems, and to identify gaps in knowledge that could assist, if addressed, in poultry risk-based decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase E Golden
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, USA.
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26
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Munoz L, Pacheco W, Hauck R, Macklin K. Evaluation of commercially manufactured animal feeds to determine presence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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27
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello H, Berendonk T, Cavaco LM, Gaze W, Schmitt H, Topp E, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, Peixe L. Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06651. [PMID: 34178158 PMCID: PMC8210462 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX -M, bla VIM, bla NDM, bla OXA -48-like, bla OXA -23, mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.
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28
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Ibrahim D, Moustafa A, Shahin SE, Sherief WRIA, Abdallah K, Farag MFM, Nassan MA, Ibrahim SM. Impact of Fermented or Enzymatically Fermented Dried Olive Pomace on Growth, Expression of Digestive Enzyme and Glucose Transporter Genes, Oxidative Stability of Frozen Meat, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:644325. [PMID: 34124216 PMCID: PMC8193359 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.644325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of dried olive pomace as complementary energy sources in poultry feed is still limited due to its low protein and high fiber contents. Bioconversion of olive pomace through solid-state fermentation with or without exogenous enzymes is considered as a trial for improving its nutritional value. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented olive pomace with or without enzymatic treatment on the growth, modulations of genes encoding digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, meat oxidative stability, and economic efficiency of broiler chickens. A total of 1400 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments with 10 replicates of 20 birds/replicate. Treatments included control (basal corn-soybean diet) and other six treatments in which basal diet was replaced by three levels (7.5, 15, and 30%) of fermented olive pomace (FOPI) or enzymatically fermented olive pomace (FOPII) for 42 days. The highest body weight gain was observed in groups fed 7.5 and 15% FOPII (increased by 6.6 and 12.5%, respectively, when compared with the control group). Also, feeding on 7.5 and 15% FOPII yielded a better feed conversion ratio and improved the digestibility of crude protein, fat, and crude fiber. The expression of the SGLT-1 gene was upregulated in groups fed FOPI and FOPII when compared with the control group. Moreover, the expression of the GLUT2 gene was elevated in groups fed 7.5 and 15% FOPII. By increasing the levels of FOPI and FOPII in diets, the expression of genes encoding pancreatic AMY2A, PNLIP, and CCK was upregulated (p < 0.05) when compared with the control. Fat percentage and cholesterol content in breast meat were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by nearly 13.7 and 16.7% in groups fed FOPI and FOPII at the levels of 15 and 30%. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in breast meat were significantly increased in groups fed 15 and 30% FOPI and FOPII when compared with the control group and even after a long period of frozen storage. After 180 days of frozen storage, the inclusion of high levels of FOP significantly increased (p < 0.05) the levels of glutathione peroxide and total superoxide dismutase and meat ability to scavenge free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Furthermore, the highest net profit and profitability ratio and the lowest cost feed/kg body gain were achieved in groups fed 7.5 and 15% of FOPII, respectively. The results of this study indicated that dietary inclusion of 15% FOPII could enhance the growth performance and economic efficiency of broiler chickens. Moreover, a higher inclusion level of FOPI or FOPII could enhance the quality and increase the oxidative stability of frozen meat and extend the storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira Moustafa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara E Shahin
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Economics and Farm Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R I A Sherief
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal Breeding, and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Karima Abdallah
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F M Farag
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham M Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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29
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Wan J, Wang X, Yang T, Wei Z, Banerjee S, Friman VP, Mei X, Xu Y, Shen Q. Livestock Manure Type Affects Microbial Community Composition and Assembly During Composting. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:621126. [PMID: 33828537 PMCID: PMC8019744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.621126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting is an environmentally friendly way to turn plant and animal wastes into organic fertilizers. However, it is unclear to what extent the source of animal waste products (such as manure) affects the physicochemical and microbiological properties of compost. Here, we experimentally tested how the type of livestock manure of herbivores (sheep and cattle) and omnivores (pig and chicken) influences the bacterial and fungal communities and physicochemical properties of compost. Higher pH, NO3-N, Total carbon (TC) content and C/N were found in sheep and cattle manure composts, while higher EC, NH4-N, Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content were measured in pig and chicken manure composts. Paired clustering between herbivore and omnivore manure compost metataxonomy composition was also observed at both initial and final phases of composting. Despite this clear clustering, all communities changed drastically during the composting leading to reduced bacterial and fungal diversity and large shifts in community composition and species dominance. While Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were the major phyla in sheep and cattle manure composts, Firmicutes dominated in pig and chicken manure composts. Together, our results indicate that feeding habits of livestock can determine the biochemical and biological properties of manures, having predictable effects on microbial community composition and assembly during composting. Manure metataxonomy profiles could thus potentially be used to steer and manage composting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianjie Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Samiran Banerjee
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Ville-Petri Friman
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Xinlan Mei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Yang T, Wu S, Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Cheng H, Wang L, Guo L, Li Y, Liu M, Ma J. Efficient Degradation of Organoarsenic by UV/Chlorine Treatment: Kinetics, Mechanism, Enhanced Arsenic Removal, and Cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2037-2047. [PMID: 33435681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) has been widely used as an organoarsenic additive in animal feeding operations and poses a risk to the environment. Here, we first report the efficient degradation of ROX by UV/chlorine, where the kinetics, removal of total arsenic (As), and cytotoxicity were investigated. The kinetics study presented that reactive chlorine species (RCS) and HO• were the dominant species to react with ROX. Furthermore, the degradation rate of ROX can reach the maximum value at pH 7.5 due to the formation of more RCS. The degradation of ROX was affected by the amount of chlorine, pH, and water matrix. Through product analysis and Gauss theoretical calculation, two possible ROX degradation pathways were proposed. The free radicals attacked the As-C bond of ROX and resulted in releasing arsenate (As(V)). It was the reason that for an enhancement of the removal of total As by ferrous appeared after UV/chlorine, and over 98% of the total As was removed. In addition, cytotoxicity studies indicated that the cytotoxicity significantly enhanced during the degradation of ROX by UV/chlorine. However, by combination of UV/chlorine and adsorption, cytotoxicity can be greatly eliminated, probably due to the removal of As(V) and chlorinated products. These results further demonstrated that UV/chlorine treatment could be an effective method for the control of the potential environmental risks posed by organoarsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Chunping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Technology R&D Center for Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Haochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Minchao Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Difonzo G, Troilo M, Squeo G, Pasqualone A, Caponio F. Functional compounds from olive pomace to obtain high-added value foods - a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:15-26. [PMID: 32388855 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive pomace, the solid by-product from virgin olive oil extraction, constitutes a remarkable source of functional compounds and has been exploited by several authors to formulate high value-added foods and, consequently, to foster the sustainability of the olive-oil chain. In this framework, the aim of the present review was to summarize the results on the application of functional compounds from olive pomace in food products. Phenolic-rich extracts from olive pomace were added to vegetable oils, fish burgers, fermented milk, and in the edible coating of fruit, to take advantage of their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Olive pomace was also used directly in the formulation of pasta and baked goods, by exploiting polyunsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and dietary fiber to obtain high value-added healthy foods and / or to extend their shelf-life. With the same scope, olive pomace was also added to animal feeds, providing healthy, improved animal products. Different authors used olive pomace to produce biodegradable materials and / or active packaging able to increase the content of bioactive compounds and the oxidative stability of foods. Overall, the results highlighted, in most cases, the effectiveness of the addition of olive pomace-derived functional compounds in improving nutritional value, quality, and / or the shelf-life of foods. However, the direct addition of olive pomace was found to be more challenging, especially due to alterations in the sensory and textural features of food. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Troilo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Pasqualone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Cavalera S, Di Nardo F, Spano G, Anfossi L, Manesiotis P, Baggiani C. Stoichiometric molecular imprinting using polymerisable urea and squaramide receptors for the solid phase extraction of organo-arsenic compound roxarsone. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5729-5736. [PMID: 33220662 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design, preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers for roxarsone (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid), an organo-arsenic swine and poultry feed additive, using bi-substituted ureas and squaramide receptors as the functional monomers, are demonstrated. Pre-polymerisation studies of the template-monomer complexation performed by 1H NMR experiments show that squaramide-based monomers provide association equilibrium constant values higher than urea-based monomers. Equilibrium rebinding experiments in methanol show that two squaramide-based materials have good molecular recognition properties towards roxarsone, with high affinity (Keq = 16.85 × 103 L mol-1 and 14.65 × 103 L mol-1, respectively), high imprinting factors (4.73 and 3.64 respectively) and good selectivity towards two roxarsone-related compounds, acetarsone (3-acetamido-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) and nitarsone (4-nitrophenylarsonic acid). Polymer MIP-SQ2 was successfully used to setup an experimental protocol for the direct solid phase extraction of roxarsone from surface water samples. The method gives clean HPLC traces, with recoveries between 91% and 95% at concentration levels of 5.0, 10, and 25 mg L-1. Sample preconcentration with good recoveries between 87% and 97%, are shown, confirming that it is possible to employ the developed materials to measure roxarsone down to 1 μg L-1 in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125-Torino, Italy.
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Nnolim NE, Udenigwe CC, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Microbial Keratinase: Next Generation Green Catalyst and Prospective Applications. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580164. [PMID: 33391200 PMCID: PMC7775373 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel renewable products over synthetics hallmarked this decade and those of the recent past. Most economies that are prospecting on biodiversity for improved bio-economy favor renewable resources over synthetics for the potential opportunity they hold. However, this field is still nascent as the bulk of the available resources are non-renewable based. Microbial metabolites, emphasis on secondary metabolites, are viable alternatives; nonetheless, vast microbial resources remain under-exploited; thus, the need for a continuum in the search for new products or bio-modifying existing products for novel functions through an efficient approach. Environmental distress syndrome has been identified as a factor that influences the emergence of genetic diversity in prokaryotes. Still, the process of how the change comes about is poorly understood. The emergence of new traits may present a high prospect for the industrially viable organism. Microbial enzymes have prominence in the bio-economic space, and proteases account for about sixty percent of all enzyme market. Microbial keratinases are versatile proteases which are continuously gaining momentum in biotechnology owing to their effective bio-conversion of recalcitrant keratin-rich wastes and sustainable implementation of cleaner production. Keratinase-assisted biodegradation of keratinous materials has revitalized the prospects for the utilization of cost-effective agro-industrial wastes, as readily available substrates, for the production of high-value products including amino acids and bioactive peptides. This review presented an overview of keratin structural complexity, the potential mechanism of keratin biodegradation, and the environmental impact of keratinous wastes. Equally, it discussed microbial keratinase; vis-à-vis sources, production, and functional properties with considerable emphasis on the ecological implication of microbial producers and catalytic tendency improvement strategies. Keratinase applications and prospective high-end use, including animal hide processing, detergent formulation, cosmetics, livestock feed, and organic fertilizer production, were also articulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonso E. Nnolim
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Kreling V, Falcone FH, Kehrenberg C, Hensel A. Campylobacter sp.: Pathogenicity factors and prevention methods-new molecular targets for innovative antivirulence drugs? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10409-10436. [PMID: 33185702 PMCID: PMC7662028 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacterial species from the genus Campylobacter are one of the four main causes of strong diarrheal enteritis worldwide. Campylobacteriosis, a typical food-borne disease, can range from mild symptoms to fatal illness. About 550 million people worldwide suffer from campylobacteriosis and lethality is about 33 million p.a. This review summarizes the state of the current knowledge on Campylobacter with focus on its specific virulence factors. Using this knowledge, multifactorial prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in the food chain. In particular, antiadhesive strategies with specific adhesion inhibitors seem to be a promising concept for reducing Campylobacter bacterial load in poultry production. Antivirulence compounds against bacterial adhesion to and/or invasion into the host cells can open new fields for innovative antibacterial agents. Influencing chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, secretion systems, or toxins by specific inhibitors can help to reduce virulence of the bacterium. In addition, the unusual glycosylation of the bacterium, being a prerequisite for effective phase variation and adaption to different hosts, is yet an unexplored target for combating Campylobacter sp. Plant extracts are widely used remedies in developing countries to combat infections with Campylobacter. Therefore, the present review summarizes the use of natural products against the bacterium in an attempt to stimulate innovative research concepts on the manifold still open questions behind Campylobacter towards improved treatment and sanitation of animal vectors, treatment of infected patients, and new strategies for prevention. KEY POINTS: • Campylobacter sp. is a main cause of strong enteritis worldwide. • Main virulence factors: cytolethal distending toxin, adhesion proteins, invasion machinery. • Strong need for development of antivirulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kreling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, University of Gießen, Frankfurterstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Ovarian activity and antioxidant indices during estrous cycle of Barki ewes under effect of thyme, celery and salinomycin as feed additives. ZYGOTE 2020; 29:155-160. [PMID: 33228827 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199420000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the effects of thyme, celery and salinomycin on ovarian sex hormones, reproductive traits and antioxidant status during the estrous cycle. Seventy-five mature Barki ewes aged 2-3 years with an average weight of 40 ± 1.5 kg were assigned randomly into five groups (15 head/group). Group 1 was kept as the control; groups 2 and 3 received 20 g/head/day thyme (T) and celery (C) as dried herbs, respectively. Group 4 (T×C) received 10 g thyme + 10 g celery/head/day, and group 5 was treated with salinomycin 1 g/head/day. Blood samples were collected during follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Thyme and celery and the mixture of T×C increased (P < 0.01) estradiol-17β (E2) during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, while only the celery group showed a marked (P < 0.001) increase in progesterone (P4) during the luteal phase compared with the control. Salinomycin supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) E2 concentrations during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Supplementation with thyme and celery enhanced (P < 0.001) antioxidant capacity in the luteal phase compared with the follicular stage. The salinomycin group showed increased (P < 0.01) levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with the control group throughout luteal phase. For the interaction between estrous phases and treatments, thyme, celery, and T×C supplementation revealed an increase (P < 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels compared with the control group during the follicular and luteal phases. Thyme and celery supplementation improved the number of services per conception and fertilization from 1st and 2nd inseminations, respectively. In conclusion, the applied treatment had significant effects on reproductive performance and antioxidant status in ewes throughout the estrous cycle.
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Marchant-Forde JN, Boyle LA. COVID-19 Effects on Livestock Production: A One Welfare Issue. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:585787. [PMID: 33195613 PMCID: PMC7554581 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.585787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights that we exist in a global community. From a single city, it spread to 188 countries across the world and infected 30 million people by September 18, 2020. Decades of modeling pandemics predicted potential consequences, but COVID-19's impact on the food supply chain, and specifically livestock production was unexpected. Clusters of cases among workers in meat processing plants evolved quickly to affect human, animal, and environmental welfare in several countries. In processing plants, the hygiene focus is on product quality and food safety. Because of their close proximity to one another, COVID-19 spread rapidly between workers and the lack of sick leave and health insurance likely resulted in workers continuing to work when infectious. In the United States (U.S.) many processing plants shut down when they identified major outbreaks, putting pressure especially on pig and poultry industries. At one point, there was a 45% reduction in pig processing capacity meaning about 250,000 pigs per day were not slaughtered. This resulted in longer transport distances to plants in operation with extra capacity, but also to crowding of animals on farm. Producers were encouraged to slow growth rates, but some had to cull animals on farm in ways that likely included suffering and caused considerable upset to owners and workers. Carcass disposal was also associated with potential biosecurity risks and detrimental effects on the environment. Hence, this is a One Welfare issue, affecting human, animal, and environmental welfare and highlighting the fragility of intensive, high-throughput livestock production systems. This model needs to be re-shaped to include the animal, human, and environmental elements across the farm to fork chain. Such a One Welfare approach will ensure that food production systems are resilient, flexible, and fair in the face of future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N Marchant-Forde
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Laura A Boyle
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
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Hubbard LE, Givens CE, Griffin DW, Iwanowicz LR, Meyer MT, Kolpin DW. Poultry litter as potential source of pathogens and other contaminants in groundwater and surface water proximal to large-scale confined poultry feeding operations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139459. [PMID: 32485450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Manure from livestock production has been associated with the contamination of water resources. To date, research has primarily focused on runoff of these contaminants from animal operations into surface water, and the introduction of poultry-derived pathogenic zoonoses and other contaminants into groundwater is under-investigated. We characterized pathogens and other microbial and chemical contaminants in poultry litter, groundwater, and surface water near confined poultry feeding operations (chicken layer, turkey) at 9 locations in Iowa and one in Wisconsin from May and June 2016. Results indicate that poultry litter from large-scale poultry confined feeding operations is a likely source of environmental contamination and that groundwater is also susceptible to such poultry-derived contamination. Poultry litter, groundwater, and surface water samples had detections of viable bacteria growth (Salmonella spp., enterococci, staphylococci, lactobacilli), multi-drug resistant Salmonella DT104 flost and int genes, F+ RNA coliphage (group I and IV), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs; blaDHA, blaOXA-48, blaTEM, blaCMY-2, tetM), phytoestrogens (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin), and a progestin (progesterone). In addition, mcr-1 (a colistin ARG), was detected in a groundwater sample and in another groundwater sample, antibiotic resistant isolates were positive for Brevibacterium spp., a potential signature of poultry in the environment. Detectable estrogenicity was not measured in poultry litter, but was observed in 67% of the surface water samples and 22% were above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency trigger level of 1 ng/L. The transport of microbial pathogens to groundwater was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the transport of trace organic contaminants to groundwater in this study. In addition to viable pathogens, several clinically important ARGs were detected in litter, groundwater, and surface water, highlighting the need for additional research on sources of these contaminants in livestock dominated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Hubbard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
| | - C E Givens
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 5840 Enterprise Drive, Lansing, MI 48911, USA
| | - D W Griffin
- U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, 600 4th Street South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - L R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - M T Meyer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, 1217 Biltmore Drive, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - D W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Science Center, 400 South Clinton Street Suite 269, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
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“What a Waste”—Can We Improve Sustainability of Food Animal Production Systems by Recycling Food Waste Streams into Animal Feed in an Era of Health, Climate, and Economic Crises? SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food waste has been a major barrier to achieving global food security and environmental sustainability for many decades. Unfortunately, food waste has become an even bigger problem in many countries because of supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic and African Swine Fever epidemic. Although Japan and South Korea have been leaders in recycling food waste into animal feed, countries that produce much greater amounts of food waste, such as the United States and the European Union, have lagged far behind. Concerns about the risk of transmission of bacteria, prions, parasites, and viruses have been the main obstacles limiting the recycling of food waste streams containing animal-derived tissues into animal feed and have led to government regulations restricting this practice in the U.S. and EU. However, adequate thermal processing is effective for inactivating all biological agents of concern, perhaps except for prions from infected ruminant tissues. The tremendous opportunity for nitrogen and phosphorus resource recovery along with several other environmental benefits from recycling food waste streams and rendered animal by-products into animal feed have not been fully appreciated for their substantial contribution toward solving our climate crisis. It is time to revisit our global approach to improving economic and environmental sustainability by more efficiently utilizing the abundant supply of food waste and animal tissues to a greater extent in animal feed while protecting human and animal health in food animal production systems.
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Ehleringer JR, Covarrubias Avalos S, Tipple BJ, Valenzuela LO, Cerling TE. Stable isotopes in hair reveal dietary protein sources with links to socioeconomic status and health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20044-20051. [PMID: 32747534 PMCID: PMC7443935 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in hair sampled from 65 communities across the central and intermountain regions of the United States and more intensively throughout 29 ZIP codes in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, revealed a dietary divergence related to socioeconomic status as measured by cost of living, household income, and adjusted gross income. Corn-fed, animal-derived proteins were more common in the diets of lower socioeconomic status populations than were plant-derived proteins, with individual estimates of animal-derived protein diets as high as 75%; United States towns and cities averaged 57%. Similar patterns were seen across the socioeconomic status spectrum in the Salt Lake Valley. It is likely that corn-fed animal proteins were associated with concentrated animal-feeding operations, a common practice for industrial animal production in the United States today. Given recent studies highlighting the negative impacts of animal-derived proteins in our diets, hair carbon isotope ratios could provide an approach for scaling assessments of animal-sourced foods and health risks in communities across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Ehleringer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | | | - Brett J Tipple
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Luciano O Valenzuela
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CP 7631 Quequén, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thure E Cerling
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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Wang P, He X, Zhang W, Ma J, Jiang J, Huang Z, Cheng H, Pang S, Zhou Y, Zhai X. Highly efficient removal of p-arsanilic acid with Fe(II)/peroxydisulfate under near-neutral conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115752. [PMID: 32283433 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a common animal feed additive, p-arsanilic acid (p-AsA) is thought to be excreted with little uptake and unchanged chemical structure, threatening the environment by potentially releasing more toxic inorganic arsenic. We herein investigated the removal of arsenic by in situ formed ferric (oxyhydr)oxides with the promotion of p-AsA degradation in Fe(II)/peroxydisulfate (PDS) system. Results showed that under acid conditions, p-AsA degraded very quickly and over 99% of p-AsA (5 μM) was degraded within 10 min at the optimal dosage of Fe(II) (100 μM) and PDS (150 μM) at pH 3, while less than 66.4% of arsenic was removed at pH 3-5. Higher pH (3-7) would inhibit the degradation of p-AsA but promote the arsenic removal. At pH 6-7, over 98.5% of total arsenic was removed, while the degradation efficiency of p-AsA was lower than 52.4%. HPLC-ICP-MS results indicated that the arsenic group was cleaved from p-AsA in the form of As(III) and then rapidly oxidized to As(V). FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that both As(V) products and residual p-AsA were bonded to ferric (oxyhydr)oxides via hydroxyl groups. Common cations (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions such as Cl-, SO42-, CO32- had no significant influence on arsenic removal, while SiO32-, PO43- and HA inhibited the removal of total arsenic, mainly by affecting the zeta potential of iron particles. In summary, the Fe(II)/PDS process, as an efficient method for partial oxidation and simultaneous adsorption of p-AsA under near-neutral conditions, is expected to control the potential environmental risks of p-AsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China
| | - Xu He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China.
| | - Jin Jiang
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Zhuangsong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China
| | - Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China
| | - Suyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xuedong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China
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Pandey P, Vidyarthi SK, Vaddella V, Venkitasamy C, Pitesky M, Weimer B, Pires AFA. Improving Biosecurity Procedures to Minimize the Risk of Spreading Pathogenic Infections Agents After Carcass Recycling. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:623. [PMID: 32390969 PMCID: PMC7188909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal proteins are essential elements of human and animal feed chain and improving the safety of human and animal feed requires understanding and controlling of the transmission of infectious agents in food chain. Many pathogenic infectious agents, such as prion protein is known to damage the central nervous system in the cattle. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) results from infection agent (prion), and affects number of species such as cattle, human, and cats. In addition, Salmonella, pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes were found in animal by-products used in the human and animal feed production. Increased interest in controlling microbial risks in human and animal feed is evidenced by a large number of publications, which highlights the need for examining the animal disposal method such as rendering process and provides a broader perspective of rendering process. While existing practices help greatly in controlling microbial contamination, this overview study showed that additional biosafety measures are necessary to ensure microbial safety in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sriram K. Vidyarthi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- The Morning Star Company, Woodland, CA, United States
| | - Venkata Vaddella
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chandrasekar Venkitasamy
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maurice Pitesky
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bart Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alda F. A. Pires
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Kwasek K, Thorne-Lyman AL, Phillips M. Can human nutrition be improved through better fish feeding practices? a review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3822-3835. [PMID: 31983214 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1708698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 of zero hunger and malnutrition by 2030 will require dietary shifts that include increasing the consumption of nutrient dense foods by populations in low- and middle-income countries. Animal source foods are known to be rich in a number of highly bioavailable nutrients that otherwise are not often consumed in the staple-food based diets of poorer populations throughout the world. Fish is the dominant animal source food in many low- and middle-income countries in the global south and is available from both fisheries and aquaculture. Consumers often perceive that wild caught fish have higher nutritional value than fish produced through aquaculture, and this may be true for some nutrients, for example omega-3 fatty acid content. However, there is potential to modify the nutritional value of farmed fish through feeds and through production systems, illustrated by the common practice of supplementing omega-3 fatty acids in fish diets to optimize their fatty acid profile. This manuscript reviews the evidence related to fish feeds and the nutritional composition of fish with respect to a number of nutrients of interest to human health, including iron, zinc, vitamins A and D, selenium, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids, with low- and middle-income country populations in mind. In general, we find that the research on fortification of fish diet particularly with vitamins and minerals has not been directed toward human health but rather toward improvement of fish growth and health performance. We were unable to identify any studies directly exploring the impact of fish feed modification on the health of human consumers of fish, but as nutrition and health rises in the development agenda and consumer attention, the topic requires more urgent attention in future feed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,WorldFish Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- WorldFish Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.,Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sea lice exposure to non-lethal levels of emamectin benzoate after treatments: a potential risk factor for drug resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:932. [PMID: 31969584 PMCID: PMC6976678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The avermectin derivative emamectin benzoate (EMB) has been widely used by salmon industries around the world to control sea lice infestations. Resistance to this anti-parasitic drug is also commonly reported in these industries. The objective of this study was to quantify the number of sea lice potentially exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of EMB while fish clear the drug after treatments. We assessed juvenile sea lice abundance after 38 EMB treatments on six Atlantic salmon farms, in a small archipelago in British Colombia, Canada, between 2007 and 2018. We fitted a standard EMB pharmacokinetic curve to determine the time when fish treated with this product would have EMB tissue concentrations below the recommended target therapeutic level. During the study, we estimated that for each sea lice treatment there was, on average, an abundance of 0.12 juvenile sea lice per fish during the time period when the concentrations of EMB would have been lower than 60ppb, the recommended therapeutic treatment level for sea lice. The findings from this study on metaphylactic anti-parasitic treatments identify a potential driver for drug resistance in sea lice that should be further explored.
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Igwaran A, Okoh AI. Human campylobacteriosis: A public health concern of global importance. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02814. [PMID: 31763476 PMCID: PMC6861584 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are among the leading cause of bacterial foodborne and waterborne infections. In addition, Campylobacter is one of the major causative agent of bacterial gastrointestinal infections and the rise in the incidence of Campylobacter infections have been reported worldwide. Also, the emergence of some Campylobacter species as one of the main causative agent of diarrhea and the propensity of these bacteria species to resist the actions of antimicrobial agents; position them as a serious threat to the public health. This paper reviews Campylobacter pathogenicity, infections, isolation and diagnosis, their reservoirs, transmission pathways, epidemiology of Campylobacter outbreaks, prevention and treatment option, antibiotics resistance and control of antibiotics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Dhakal J, Aldrich CG, Knueven C. Assessing the Efficacy of Sodium Bisulfate and Organic Acid Treatments for Control of Salmonella Typhimurium in Rendered Chicken Fat Applied to Pet Foods. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1864-1869. [PMID: 31613163 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium bisulfate (SBS), lactic acid (LA), phosphoric acid (PA), and combinations of organic acids with SBS on Salmonella in rendered chicken fat and in water. The MICs of the antimicrobials individually and in combination were determined. Efficacies of the antimicrobials against Salmonella were tested in both media. The MICs of SBS, LA, and PA were 0.5, 0.5, and 0.25%, respectively. At the given concentrations in the water phase, 0.5% SBS was more effective (P < 0.05; 2.7-log reduction) than LA and PA at 0 h. SBS and LA were more effective (P < 0.05) than PA with >4-log reductions at 2 h and complete kill at 6 h. After 24 h, each of the chemicals completely eliminated the Salmonella. However, because of low recovery in the fat phase, Salmonella was not detected after 12 h and all three chemicals effectively reduced (P < 0.05) Salmonella at 6 h compared with the control. When combinations were used in the water phase, SBS plus butyric acid decreased (P < 0.05) Salmonella by >5.5 log CFU/mL after 12 h. The SBS+LA combinations were effective (P < 0.05) after 2 h. The combinations of SBS+PA resulted in ∼3.5-log reductions in Salmonella (P < 0.05) after 6 h. In the fat phase, except for the SBS+PA combination, Salmonella reduction was not different from that for the positive control. When SBS was combined with organic acids, Salmonella inhibition was achieved at a lower SBS concentration, indicating a possibly synergistic effect of these chemicals. These results suggest that inclusion of SBS or LA at 0.5% individually or a combination of SBS with organic acids could reduce Salmonella in rendered chicken fat contaminated by residual water encountered during storage and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak Dhakal
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Charles G Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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Chen Y, Lin C, Zhou Y, Long L, Li L, Tang M, Liu Z, Pozdnyakov IP, Huang LZ. Transformation of roxarsone during UV disinfection in the presence of ferric ions. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:431-439. [PMID: 31176907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of roxarsone (ROX) during UV disinfection with Fe(III) has been investigated. Fe(OH)2+, as the main Fe(III) species at pH = 3, produces HO under UV irradiation leading to the oxidation of ROX. Dissolved oxygen plays a very important role in the continuous conversion of generated Fe2+ to Fe3+, which ensures a Fe(III)-Fe(II) cycle in the system. The presence of Cl-/HCO3-/NO3- has little influence on the ROX transformation, whereas PO43- achieves an obvious inhibitory effect. The transformation of ROX leads to the formation of inorganic arsenic consisting of a much higher amount of As(V) than As(III). LC-MS analysis shows that phenol, o-nitrophenol and arsenic acid were the main transformation products. Both the radical scavenger experiment and electron spin resonance data confirm that the HO is responsible for ROX transformation. The toxic transformation products are found to have potential environmental risks for the natural environment, organisms and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Engineering Research Center of Urban Disasters Prevention and Fire Rescue Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuanjing Lin
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yiyi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Long
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lili Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Engineering Research Center of Urban Disasters Prevention and Fire Rescue Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Engineering Research Center of Urban Disasters Prevention and Fire Rescue Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Ivan P Pozdnyakov
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Li-Zhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Engineering Research Center of Urban Disasters Prevention and Fire Rescue Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Parker EM, Edwards LJ, Mollenkopf DF, Ballash GA, Wittum TE, Parker AJ. Salmonella monitoring programs in Australian feed mills: a retrospective analysis. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:336-342. [PMID: 31328262 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The availability of safe, commercially prepared stock feed for production animals is an important step in ensuring animal health and welfare and the safety of food animal products for human consumption. Animal feed quality assurance programs include microbiological monitoring of raw materials, mill equipment and finished feed. Over a period of 16 years, 23,963 samples for Salmonella culture and serotyping were collected from 22 stock feed mills. A multivariable generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify mill and sample type factors that increase the odds of detecting Salmonella. The odds of detecting a Salmonella positive sample was greatest in samples from raw materials and in mills that processed restricted animal material (RAM). The percentage of positive samples ranged from 7.2% in 2003 to 2.8% in 2017. Of the 1,069 positive samples, 976 were serotyped with 61 different Salmonella serotypes isolated. The serotype most frequently isolated from raw materials was S. Agona, (n = 108) whilst S. Anatum was the serotype most frequently isolated from equipment and finished feed (n = 156). The diversity of Salmonella serotypes differed between mills and different stages of the production line. Microbiological monitoring in the commercial preparation of animal feed in Australian stock feed mills guides the implementation of quality control measures and risk mitigation strategies thereby reducing the prevalence and diversity of potentially zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella, enhancing food safety for both animal and consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Parker
- The Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, Ohio, 446911
| | - L J Edwards
- Ridley AgriProducts Pty Ltd, 70-80, Bald Hill Road, Pakenham, Victoria, 3810, Australia
| | - D F Mollenkopf
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - G A Ballash
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - T E Wittum
- The Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - A J Parker
- The Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, Ohio, 446911
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Trinetta V, McDaniel A, Magossi G, Yucel U, Jones C. Effects of different moisture and temperature levels on Salmonella survival in poultry fat. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:1369-1374. [PMID: 32704899 PMCID: PMC7200420 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat products have been historically thought to have too low water activity to harbor pathogens. However, it has been recently reported that high moisture levels in fats may lead to Salmonella presence and growth. Limited research on strategies to eliminate pathogens in these environments is available, and the mechanisms contributing to microbial presence and growth are not yet well understood. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of moisture levels and storage temperatures on the growth and survival of Salmonella in poultry fat. Samples were stored for 7 d at 48°C or 76°C and remaining Salmonella was evaluated. When poultry fat was challenged with a wet high inoculum, more than a 4 log CFU/mL difference in Salmonella population was observed with 1% and 3% moisture levels at 48°C after 5 d (P < 0.05). No differences between moisture levels (P > 0.05) were observed when samples were tested with a wet low inoculum. Counts below detectable limits were observed after 24 h in samples challenged at 76°C, regardless of inoculum level. When poultry fat was stored at 48°C and inoculated with low levels of Salmonella spp., bacterial growth was influenced only by time (P < 0.05) and not affected (P > 0.05) by moisture level. However, when poultry fat was stored at 48°C and inoculated with high levels of Salmonella spp., bacterial decrease was easier (P < 0.05) in samples containing greater moisture. This research suggests that residual moisture in containers during transportation of poultry fat largely does not affect Salmonella spp. growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin McDaniel
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Umut Yucel
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Cassandra Jones
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Edwards LJ. What are you having for dinner tonight? AMS: a stock feed miller's perspective. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:295-297. [PMID: 31209853 PMCID: PMC6772125 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L J Edwards
- Ridley Corporation, 565 Bourke Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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Sustainability of feeding plant by-products: A review of the implications for ruminant meat production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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