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Chang JN. Why do Chinese women experience gamophobia? Psychoanalytic theory assisted discourses analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1357795. [PMID: 38633877 PMCID: PMC11021744 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1357795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media is currently abuzz with discussions about the topic of women's gamophobia in China. Nevertheless, there is few research investigating gamophobia from a psychological perspective. This study utilizes content analysis and sentiment analysis to examine and analyze 879 individuals' texts about gamophobia on Little Red Book and uses psychoanalytic theory, which is centered on comprehending and interpreting the psychological processes of the human mind, to investigate the elements that contribute to women's gamophobia, aiming to address this knowledge gap. This investigation revealed that gamophobia might exert physical, psychological, and several other effects on individuals. This study employs a psychoanalytic framework and concludes that the rise of independent consciousness, many unhappy marriages in their environment, anxiety about dealing with unfamiliar family relationships, pursuit of personal and professional development, original family issues, changing perceptions of aging care, the media effect, the concept of parenthood, and criteria for choosing a life partner are the nine primary factors contributing to women's gamophobia. To address the societal issues and outcomes resulting from a fear of marriage, it is advisable for those who experience this phobia to examine their negative defensive mechanisms and prioritize rational thinking in their mindset. Moreover, the Government should establish a social atmosphere that ensures women are neither influenced nor constrained by the media. Furthermore, promote holistic family education to bolster the self-awareness and prospective family comprehension of young individuals. Finally, government departments should also offer promotion and supporting measures to help assuage women's concerns about marriages.
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Brown SL. Union and Family Formation During Young Adulthood: Insights From the Add Health. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:S32-S39. [PMID: 36404017 PMCID: PMC9901573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Family formation patterns among US young adults are shifting, reflecting an accelerating retreat from marriage coupled with significant increases in cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing. Drawing on a selection of published longitudinal studies, this article reviews key contributions to the literature on these trends in union and family formation that have stemmed from research conducted using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, or Add Health. Add Health is integral to deciphering the adolescent precursors to young adult union formation and childbearing, allowing researchers to gauge the roles of multiple social contexts such as family, schools, peers, and adolescent romance, with attention to variation across racial-ethnic groups and by socioeconomic status. In turn, researchers use Add Health to assess how young adult family formation behaviors are related to numerous indicators of health and well-being, ranging from mental and physical health to relationship quality and stability, interpersonal violence, and crime. With its sibling and couples samples, genetic data, and detailed partnership histories for both different- and same-sex relationships, Add Health is an invaluable data source for tracking the familial experiences (formation and dissolution) of a large cohort from adolescence into middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Brown
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH.
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3
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Abstract
The Internet has fundamentally altered how we communicate and access information and who we can interact with. However, the implications of Internet access for partnership formation are theoretically ambiguous. We examine their association using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) and Current Population Survey (CPS) in the United States. We find that the relationship between Internet access and partnership states (in the NLSY97) or partnership status (in the CPS) is age-dependent. While negative at the youngest adult ages, the association becomes positive as individuals reach their mid- to late 20s, for both same-sex and different-sex partnerships. The results suggest that Internet access is positively associated with union formation when individuals enter the stage in the young adult life course when they feel ready to commit to a long-term partnership. Our study contributes to a growing literature that highlights the implications of digital technologies for demographic processes.Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1999485.
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Guzzo KB, Hayford SR. Adolescent reproductive attitudes and knowledge effects on early adult unintended and nonmarital fertility across gender. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2021; 50:100430. [PMID: 34992512 PMCID: PMC8726112 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2021.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theory and evidence suggest strong short-term effects of attitudes toward, and knowledge about, reproduction on women's fertility. Adolescent attitudes and knowledge may also have longer-term implications about the contexts women perceive as appropriate for childbearing and their capacity to manage their preferences. Although previous research on men's fertility is limited, theory would suggest the links between adolescent attitudes and knowledge and subsequent fertility would also exist for men (though perhaps in different ways given the gendered meanings of sex, contraception, and reproduction). We analyze the relationship between reproductive attitudes and knowledge in adolescence and unintended and nonmarital first and second births in early adulthood, using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 9,431). Adolescent reproductive attitudes, especially life course consequences of early childbearing, predict the intendedness and marital status of first and second births. Adolescent reproductive knowledge is more often linked to the context of second births than first births. These associations vary by gender, but the overall results suggest that fertility schemas developed during adolescence predict behavior into early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Benjamin Guzzo
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0222, United States.
| | - Sarah R Hayford
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, 1885 Neil Avenue Mall, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
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5
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Economic Poverty: Does the Break-Up of Families Matter? SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10060224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the relationship between family structure and poverty for European countries using Eurostat and OECD data. In particular, we focus on the change in living arrangements, with the traditional type of household—couple with children—being partially replaced by single and extended families. The results of our econometric analysis show that the decline in the traditional family type affects individual poverty: the marriage rate and the share of couples, both with and without children, are inversely related to poverty; the divorce rate, the shares of extended families and singles with children are, instead, positively related to poverty.
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Evensen M, Lyngstad TH. Mental health problems in adolescence, first births, and union formation: Evidence from the Young HUNT Study. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2020; 43:100324. [PMID: 36726253 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While a large literature documents how mental health problems in adolescence have long-term consequences for adult socioeconomic outcomes, less is known about the relation with family-formation behavior. In this paper, we use data from a population based Norwegian health survey (the Young-HUNT study) linked to administrative registry data (N = 8,113) to examine the long-term consequences of symptoms of internalizing and externalizing problems, the two most common forms of mental health problems, on family-formation outcomes: the likelihood of a first birth, the union status of a first birth, and entering first marriage. For men, externalizing problems are associated with earlier parenthood, especially becoming a father without having a coresidential relationship with the child's mother. Internalizing problems, on the other hand, are associated with lower first-birth rates and the association grows progressively stronger with age. We also find that the associations are more pronounced among men with low childhood socioeconomic status. In contrast, women's family-formation appears for the most part unrelated to their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Evensen
- Centre for Disease Burden & Department of Health and Inequality Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO BOX 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Torkild Hovde Lyngstad
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, PO Box 1096, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
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Wagner B. Health Status and Transitions in Cohabiting Relationships of American Young Adults. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2019; 81:847-862. [PMID: 31772415 PMCID: PMC6879179 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines whether individual health predicts cohabitors' union transitions to marriage in American young adults. BACKGROUND Associations between health and subsequent marital transitions are well documented, but less is known about how health influences transitions of cohabiting relationships. As cohabitation has become a common relationship experience, understanding how health may influence cohabitors' union transitions is an important component of how health shapes relationship exposures more broadly. METHOD Data were taken from Waves III and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth), including the supplemental collection of relationship partners conducted during Wave III. Competing risk regressions for the transition of cohabiting unions to marriage were estimated in two samples: one of individuals and a smaller one of cohabiting couples with information from both partners. RESULTS Healthier cohabiters are more likely to marry than are their less healthy counterparts, but only women's health is significantly associated with the transition to marriage. In the dyadic sample with information from both partners, the significant association between the female partner's health and the transition to marriage is robust to male partner characteristics, including health. CONCLUSION Health is an important predictor of cohabitation transitions in early adulthood, but these transitions may only be sensitive to the female partner's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Wagner
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Texas Tech University. 63 Holden Hall, Lubbock, TX 79409;
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Lansford JE, Pettit GS, Rauer A, Vandenberg CE, Schulenberg JE, Staff J, Jager J, Dodge KA, Bates JE. Intergenerational continuity and stability in early family formation. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2019; 33:370-379. [PMID: 30628807 PMCID: PMC6449194 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines intergenerational continuity (mean level similarity) and stability (maintenance of rank ordering of individuals) in age and marital status at the time of becoming a young parent using prospective data from 3 generations of 585 families. G2 participants were recruited at the age of 5 years and followed until the age of 28, by which time 227 had become parents themselves. The findings suggest that despite dramatic intergenerational discontinuities with young adults, on average, now being more likely to be unmarried and older at the time of becoming parents than in previous generations, intergenerational stability in age and marital status at the time of becoming a young parent is still substantial. This intergenerational stability was, for the most part, not moderated by demographic, familial, or behavioral factors, suggesting that a developmental, multigenerational perspective is necessary to understand what has previously been considered a largely demographic issue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory S Pettit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University
| | - Amy Rauer
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee
| | | | - John E Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
| | - Jeremy Staff
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Justin Jager
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | | | - John E Bates
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
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9
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Parental Gender Expectations by Socioeconomic Status and Nativity: Implications for Contraceptive Use. SEX ROLES 2018; 78:669-684. [PMID: 29904231 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parental gender expectations, which may be egalitarian or not, may vary by nativity and socioeconomic status. Parental gender expectations provide a model for children's gender role attitudes and could also have effects on reproductive health over the life course, including women's contraceptive choices. Yet, parental gender expectations are not often studied quantitatively. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine how parental gender expectations in the United States vary by immigrant generation and socioeconomic status, whether parental gender expectations in adolescence are associated with young women's contraceptive use, and if nativity moderates that relationship. Results show that parental gender expectations vary significantly by immigrant generation and parental socioeconomic status. Both first and second generation women are significantly less likely to have lived in households with equal gender expectations compared to the third generation. Higher socioeconomic status is associated with equal gender expectations. Among participants from households with equal gender expectations, the second generation is more likely than the third generation is to use a male-controlled contraceptive method versus no method. Using a nationally representative sample, our study demonstrates that parental gender expectations vary by nativity and by the socioeconomic context of the family in which they are embedded as well as have a unique effect on the contraceptive behavior of second generation women.
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Jang BJ, Patrick ME, Schuler MS. Substance use behaviors and the timing of family formation during young adulthood. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2018; 39:1396-1418. [PMID: 30792566 PMCID: PMC6380513 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x17710285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of substance use on the life course of young adults can be substantial, yet few studies have examined to what extent early adult substance use behaviors are related to the timing of family formation, independent of confounding factors from adolescence. Using panel data from the Monitoring the Future study (N~20,000), the current study examined the associations between three substance use behaviors (i.e., cigarette use, binge drinking, and marijuana use) and the timing of family formation events in young adulthood. Survival analysis and propensity score weighting addressed pre-existing differences between substance users and non-users in the estimation of the timing of union formation (i.e., marriage, cohabitation) and parenthood. Results for young adult substance users showed general patterns of reduced rates of marriage and parenthood, and increased cohabitation during young adulthood. Variations were evident by substance and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Joy Jang
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan S. Schuler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Smith C, Crosnoe R, Cavanagh SE. Family Instability and Children's Health. FAMILY RELATIONS 2017; 66:601-613. [PMID: 38323140 PMCID: PMC10846885 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Research on family instability is fertile ground for translation into policy and practice. This article describes how basic science in this area can more effectively support work in later stages of the translational research process. To begin, the scope of family instability is outlined with trends, causes, and effects. Next, a conceptual model of the effects of family instability on children's health identifies focal aspects that could be leveraged for translational research: developmental domain, developmental time, mechanisms, and points of variation. The guidelines presented are meant to be general and applicable to a variety of topics and fields in which family scholars aim to improve basic research that can contribute to and move forward a translational family science.
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12
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Pirog MA, Jung H, Lee D. The Changing Face of Teenage Parenthood in the United States: Evidence from NLSY79 and NLSY97. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-017-9417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Kuhl DC, Chavez JM, Swisher RR, Wilczak A. Social Class, Family Formation, and Delinquency in Early Adulthood. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES : SP : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE PACIFIC SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2016; 59:345-367. [PMID: 27418713 PMCID: PMC4941958 DOI: 10.1177/0731121415586635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research suggests increasing heterogeneity in the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. This study considers how this heterogeneity may influence delinquency between these two developmental periods. We focus on the role of family transitions, educational attainment, and employment in predicting risk of nonviolent delinquency and substance use, as well as disparities in transitions across socioeconomic status subgroups. Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We find that family and neighborhood advantage are negatively associated with transitions into marriage, cohabitation, and parenthood, yet positively associated with educational attainment. In addition, adolescent family and neighborhood advantage are associated with a continuation of delinquent behavior and substance use during early adulthood. In multivariate analyses, accounting for family transitions in early adulthood largely attenuates the relationship between neighborhood advantage in adolescence and delinquency in early adulthood. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for developmental criminology.
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Jang BJ, Snyder AR. Moving and union formation in the transition to adulthood in the United States. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2015; 23:44-55. [PMID: 26047840 PMCID: PMC4455549 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although previous research has paid attention to profound changes in union formation among young adults, few studies have incorporated moving events in the estimation of union formation. Moreover, less attention has been given to detailed moving experiences in young adults' life course. Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we examine the relationship between moving and first union formation of young adults in the United States. Moving events are aggregated by distance moved, economic conditions in origin and destination places (i.e. moving within the same county, moving to new counties with better or the same economic conditions, and moving to new counties with worse economic conditions) and the time since a move. Our findings suggest that moving events, regardless of type, are significantly related to first union formation for females while the time since a move is important to union formation of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Joy Jang
- Department of Human Sciences, Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, United States.
| | - Anastasia R Snyder
- Department of Human Sciences, Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, United States.
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15
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Guzzo KB. Trends in Cohabitation Outcomes: Compositional Changes and Engagement Among Never-Married Young Adults. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2014; 76:826-842. [PMID: 26778851 PMCID: PMC4712741 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cohabitation is now the modal first union for young adults, and most marriages are preceded by cohabitation even as fewer cohabitations transition to marriage. These contrasting trends may be due to compositional shifts among cohabiting unions, which are increasingly heterogeneous in terms of cohabitation order, engagement, and the presence of children, as well as across socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The author constructs 5-year cohabitation cohorts for 18- to 34-year-olds from the 2002 and 2006-2010 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth (n = 17,890 premarital cohabitations) to examine the outcomes of cohabitations over time. Compared to earlier cohabitations, those formed after 1995 were more likely to dissolve, and those formed after 2000 were less likely to transition to marriage even after accounting for the compositional shifts among individuals in cohabiting unions. Higher instability and decreased chances of marriage occurred among both engaged and non-engaged individuals, suggesting society-wide changes in cohabitation over time.
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16
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Uecker J. Religion and Early Marriage in the United States: Evidence from the Add Health Study. JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION 2014; 53:392-415. [PMID: 25045173 PMCID: PMC4096940 DOI: 10.1111/jssr.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Early marriage has important consequences for individuals in the United States. Several studies have linked religion to early marriage but have not examined this relationship in depth. Using data from Waves 1, 3, and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I conduct multilevel event-history analysis to examine how religion, at both individual and contextual levels, is associated with early marriage. Further, I test mediators of the religion-early marriage relationship. I find significant variation in early marriage by religious tradition, religious service attendance, religious salience, belief in scriptural inerrancy, and religious context in high school. The individual religious effects-but not the school context effects-are explained in part by differential attitudes toward marriage and cohabitation.
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17
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Augustyn MB, Thornberry TP, Krohn MD. Gang Membership and Pathways to Maladaptive Parenting. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2014; 24:252-267. [PMID: 24883000 PMCID: PMC4036077 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A limited amount of research examines the short-term consequences of gang membership. Rarer, though, is the examination of more distal consequences of gang membership. This is unfortunate because it understates the true detrimental effect of gang membership across the life course, as well as the effects it may have on children of former gang members. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, this work investigates the impact of gang membership in adolescence (ages 12-18) on a particularly problematic style of parenting, child maltreatment. Using discrete time survival analysis, this study finds that gang membership increases the likelihood of child maltreatment and this relationship is mediated by the more proximal outcomes of gang membership during adolescence, precocious transitions to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bears Augustyn
- Department of Criminal Justice, DB 4.220, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, 210.458.2976
| | - Terence P. Thornberry
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2220 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, 301.405.3008
| | - Marvin D. Krohn
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, 3219 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 23611, 352.294.7178
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Willoughby BJ. Using Marital Attitudes in Late Adolescence to Predict Later Union Transitions. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2014; 46:425-440. [PMID: 24748692 PMCID: PMC3988208 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x12436700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Using a sample of 982 late adolescents and tracking them throughout young adulthood, this study investigated if marital attitudes held during the last year of high school were predictive of union transitions to both cohabitation and marriage during young adulthood. Results using both logistic regression and discrete event history models found that marital attitudes did not have significant associations with the transition to cohabitation but did significantly predict the probability of transitioning to marriage during young adulthood. Specifically, having a younger expected age of marriage and placing more importance on marriage at the end of adolescence was associated with an increased likelihood of transitioning to marriage earlier than other young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Willoughby
- Address correspondence to 2081 JFSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602.
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Wickrama KKAS, O'Neal CW, Oshri A. Are stressful developmental processes of youths leading to health problems amplified by genetic polymorphisms? The case of body mass index. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 43:1096-109. [PMID: 24609842 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although previous research has documented the adverse influence of early socioeconomic disadvantage on youths' physical health outcomes and the increase in health inequalities over the early life course, little is known about genetically informed sequential life course developmental processes leading to health outcomes. Consistent with the life course-stress process perspective, we hypothesized that early socioeconomic adversity initiates a stress process over the early life course. This process involves the disrupted transition from adolescence to young adulthood, which increases the risk of health problems during young adulthood. Behavioral, psychosocial, and genetic data were collected from 12,424 adolescents (53 % female) over a period of 13 years participating in the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Early cumulative socioeconomic adversity and the polygenic influence were measured using composite indices. The study provided evidence for stressful developmental processes of adolescents, involving parental rejection, depressive symptoms, and adolescents' precocious transition. This longitudinal process was initiated by early cumulative socioeconomic adversity and eventuated with young adults' increased body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, the study provided evidence for the influence of life context-gene interactions (G × E) on adolescents' precocious development and young adult BMI (after controlling for the lagged measure) amplifying the stress process over the early life course. These findings emphasize the need for incorporating individual genetic characteristics in a longitudinal context into life course stress research. Furthermore, policies focused on eradicating childhood/adolescent adversities are necessary as well as youth programs and policies that promote youth competencies that aid in their successful transition to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandauda K A S Wickrama
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, 103 Family Science Center I, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,
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20
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Manning WD, Smock PJ, Dorius C, Cooksey E. Cohabitation Expectations among Young Adults in the United States: Do They Match Behavior? POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2014; 33:287-305. [PMID: 25147419 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-013-9316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cohabitation continues to rise, but there is a lack of knowledge about expectations to cohabit and the linkage between expectations and subsequent cohabitation. We capitalize on a new opportunity to study cohabitation expectations by drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY79) main youth and two waves (2008 and 2010) of the NLSY young adult (YA) surveys (n=1,105). We find considerable variation in cohabitation expectations: 39.9% have no expectation of cohabiting in the future and 16.6% report high odds of cohabiting in the next two years. Cohabitation expectations are associated with higher odds of entering a cohabiting relationship, but are not perfectly associated. Only 38% of young adults with certain cohabitation expectations in 2008 entered a cohabiting union by 2010. Further investigation of the mismatch between expectations and behaviors indicates that a substantial minority (30%) who entered a cohabiting union had previously reported no or low expectations, instances of what we term "unplanned cohabitation." Our findings underscore the importance of considering not just behavior, but also individuals' expectations for understanding union formation, and more broadly, family change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D Manning
- Sociology Department and Center for Family and Demographic Research, 233 Williams Hall, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43402, , 419-372-2850 (phone), 419-372-8306 (fax)
| | - Pamela J Smock
- Sociology Department and Population Studies Center, 426 Thompson Street, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106
| | - Cassandra Dorius
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Elizabeth Cooksey
- Department of Sociology, 104 Townhend Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Family Trajectories and Health: A Life Course Perspective. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10680-013-9296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Kane JB, Frisco ML. Obesity, school obesity prevalence, and adolescent childbearing among U.S. young women. Soc Sci Med 2013; 88:108-15. [PMID: 23702216 PMCID: PMC3782080 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, adolescent obesity reduces young women's odds of forming romantic and sexual partnerships but increases the likelihood of risky sexual behavior when partnerships occur. This led us to conduct a study examining the relationship between adolescent obesity and adolescent childbearing. Our study has two aims. We draw from prior research to develop and test competing hypotheses about the association between adolescent obesity and young women's risk of an adolescent birth. Drawing from risk regulation theory, we also examine whether the association between obesity and young women's risk of an adolescent birth may vary across high schools with different proportions of obese adolescents. Multilevel logistic regression models are used to analyze data from 4242 female students in 102 U.S. high schools who participated in Wave I (1994-1995) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results are the first to show that obesity reduces female adolescents' odds of childbearing, but that this association is not uniform across schools with different proportions of obese students. As the obesity prevalence in a school increases, so do obese young women's odds of childbearing. We conclude that understanding whether and how obesity is associated with young women's odds of having an adolescent birth requires attention to the weight context of high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Kane
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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23
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C Kuhl D, Warner DF, Wilczak A. Adolescent Violent Victimization and Precocious Union Formation. CRIMINOLOGY : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL 2012; 50:1089-1127. [PMID: 24431471 PMCID: PMC3889713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article bridges scholarship in criminology and family sociology by extending arguments about "precocious exits" from adolescence to consider early union formation as a salient outcome of violent victimization for youths. Research indicates that early union formation is associated with several negative outcomes; yet the absence of attention to union formation as a consequence of violent victimization is noteworthy. We address this gap by drawing on life course theory and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine the effect of violent victimization ("street" violence) on the timing of first co-residential union formation-differentiating between marriage and cohabitation-in young adulthood. Estimates from Cox proportional hazard models show that adolescent victims of street violence experience higher rates of first union formation, especially marriage, early in the transition to adulthood; however, this effect declines with age, as such unions become more normative. Importantly, the effect of violent victimization on first union timing is robust to controls for nonviolent delinquency, substance abuse, and violent perpetration. We conclude by discussing directions for future research on the association between violent victimization and coresidential unions with an eye toward the implications of such early union formation for desistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David F Warner
- Department of Sociology, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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24
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Zeng Y, Morgan SP, Wang Z, Gu D, Yang C. A Multistate Life Table Analysis of Union Regimes in the United States: Trends and Racial Differentials, 1970-2002. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2012; 31:10.1007/s11113-011-9217-2. [PMID: 24179311 PMCID: PMC3810991 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-011-9217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We estimate trends and racial differentials in marriage, cohabitation, union formation and dissolution (union regimes) for the period 1970-2002 in the United States. These estimates are based on an innovative application of multistate life table analysis to pooled survey data. Our analysis demonstrates (1) a dramatic increase in the lifetime proportions of transitions from never-married, divorced or widowed to cohabiting; (2) a substantial decrease in the stability of cohabiting unions; (3) a dramatic increase in mean ages at cohabiting after divorce and widowhood; (4) a substantial decrease in direct transition from never-married to married; (5) a significant decrease in the overall lifetime proportion of ever marrying and re-marrying in the 1970s to 1980s but a relatively stable pattern in the 1990s to 2000-2002; and (6) a substantial decrease in the lifetime proportion of transition from cohabiting to marriage. We also present, for the first time, comparable evidence on differentials in union regimes between four racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development at the Medical
School, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Box 3003, Durham, NC
27710, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School
of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock,
Germany
| | - S. Philip Morgan
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Box 3003, Durham, NC
27710, USA
| | - Zhenglian Wang
- Center for Population Health and Aging Studies, Population Research
Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Danan Gu
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development at the Medical
School, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chingli Yang
- Institute of Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan,
Taiwan
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25
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Abstract
This study extends research on the relationship between wealth accumulation and union experiences, such as marriage and cohabitation. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we explore the wealth trajectories of married individuals in light of their premarital cohabitation histories. Over time, marriage positively correlates with wealth accumulation. Most married persons with a premarital cohabitation history have wealth trajectories that are indistinguishable from those without cohabitation experience, with one exception: individuals who marry their one and only cohabiting partner experience a wealth premium that is twice as large as that for married individuals who never cohabited prior to marrying. Results remain robust over time despite cohabiters' selection out of marriage, yet vary by race/ethnicity. We conclude that relationship history may shape long-term wealth accumulation, and contrary to existing literature, individuals who marry their only cohabiting partners experience a beneficial marital outcome. It is therefore important to understand the diversity of cohabitation experiences among the married.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vespa
- Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Attitudes formed in adolescence create a foundation for family-formation decisions in adulthood. Drawing on qualitative interviews with fifty American adolescents, this article details five relationship-relevant factors that emerge in the teens’ discussions of their relationship views. These are personal communication style, divorce acceptance, relationship efficacy, preferred family-formation timing and sequencing, and romantic relationship examples seen growing up. There is systematic variation in the teens’ views along these factors, which cluster together into distinct relationship orientations that range in their skepticism of romantic relationships in general and marriage specifically. These relationship orientations among adolescents are compared with those in previous research on college student samples. The importance of these findings for adolescent-focused relationship education is discussed.
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27
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Amato PR, Kane JB. Parents' Marital Distress, Divorce, and Remarriage: Links with Daughters' Early Family Formation Transitions. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2011; 32:1073-1103. [PMID: 21785523 PMCID: PMC3140424 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x11404363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We used data from the Add Health study to estimate the effects of parents' marital status and relationship distress on daughters' early family formation transitions. Outcomes included traditional transitions (marriage and marital births) and nontraditional transitions (cohabitation and nonmarital births). Relationship distress among continuously married parents was not related to any outcome. Offspring with single parents and remarried parents had an elevated risk of nonmarital births and nonmarital cohabitation. Offspring with remarried parents with a high-distress relationship had an elevated risk of early marriages and marital births. These results, combined with analyses of mediating variables, provide the strongest support for a modeling perspective, although some support also was found for a perspective based on escape from stress.
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28
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Abstract
Despite the burgeoning cohabitation literature, research has failed to examine social class variation in processes of forming and advancing such unions. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 122 working- and middle-class cohabitors, we examine the duration between dating and moving in together, reasons for cohabiting, and subsequent plans. Transitions to cohabitation are more rapid among the working class. Respondents often cohabited for practical reasons-out of financial necessity, because it was convenient, or to meet a housing need. Regardless of social class status, few couples move in together as a "trial marriage." Nonetheless, middle-class cohabitors were more likely to have become engaged than their working-class counterparts. Our findings indicate the need to reassess common beliefs regarding the role served by cohabitation and suggest that cohabitation has become another location where family outcomes are diverging by social class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J. Miller
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Box 182, Edmund, OK 73034
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29
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Wickrama KAS, Baltimore DL. Adolescent Precocious Development and Young Adult Health Outcomes. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2010; 15:121-131. [PMID: 21499551 PMCID: PMC3076936 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A S Wickrama
- Institute for Social and Behavioral Research, Iowa State University Research Park, 2625 North Loop Drive, Suite 500, Ames, IA 50010-8296, Tel: 515-294-4704
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30
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Stanley SM, Rhoades GK, Amato PR, Markman HJ, Johnson CA. The Timing of Cohabitation and Engagement: Impact on First and Second Marriages. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2010; 72:906-918. [PMID: 20640241 PMCID: PMC2904561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using a multi-state sample of marriages that took place in the 1990s, this study examined associations between premarital cohabitation history and marital quality in first (N = 437) and second marriages (N = 200), and marital instability in first marriages (intact N = 521, divorced N = 124). For first marriages, cohabiting with the spouse without first being engaged or married was associated with more negative interaction, higher self-reported divorce proneness, and a greater probability of divorce compared to cohabiting after engagement or marriage (with patterns in the same direction for marital positivity). In contrast, there was a general risk associated with premarital cohabitation for second marriages on self-reported indices of marital quality, with or without engagement when cohabitation began.
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31
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Sassler S. Partnering Across the Life Course: Sex, Relationships, and Mate Selection. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2010; 72:557-575. [PMID: 22822268 PMCID: PMC3399251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Marital delay, relationship dissolution and churning, and high divorce rates have extended the amount of time individuals in search of romantic relationships spend outside of marital unions. The scope of research on intimate partnering now includes studies of "hooking up," Internet dating, visiting relationships, cohabitation, marriage following childbirth, and serial partnering, as well as more traditional research on transitions into marriage. Collectively, we know much more about relationship formation and development, but research often remains balkanized among scholars employing different theoretical approaches, methodologies, or disciplinary perspectives. The study of relationship behavior is also segmented into particular life stages, with little attention given to linkages between stages over the life course. Recommendations for future research are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sassler
- Department of Policy Analysis & Management, Cornell University, 120 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 ( )
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32
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Landale NS, Schoen R, Daniels K. Early Family Formation among White, Black and Mexican American Women. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2010; 31:445-474. [PMID: 20368754 PMCID: PMC2847296 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x09342847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using data from Waves I and III of Add Health, we examine early family formation among 6,144 White, Black, and Mexican American women. Drawing on cultural and structural perspectives, we estimate models of the first and second family transitions (cohabitation, marriage, or childbearing) using discrete time multinomial logistic regression. Complex differences by race/ethnicity and generation are partially explained by differences in attitudes and values in adolescence and family SES; marriage values are especially important in first-generation Mexican women's early entry into marriage. Examination of sequential family transitions sheds light on race/ethnic differences in the meaning and consequences of early cohabitation and pre-union births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S. Landale
- Department of Sociology & Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State
University 601 Oswald Tower University Park PA 16802; (814) 863-7276 work; (814) 863-8342 (fax)
| | - Robert Schoen
- Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University;
| | - Kimberly Daniels
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin 1800 Main Building;
Austin, TX 78705 (512) 471-8474 (work); (512) 471-4886 (fax)
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33
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Falci CD, Mortimer JT, Noel H. Parental Timing and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adulthood. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2010; 15:1-10. [PMID: 21197392 PMCID: PMC3011890 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a panel of 459 women, we find that early parents (< 20 years old at first birth) report higher levels of depressive symptoms in young adulthood (roughly age 29) compared to later parents (first birth in their 20's) or nonparents. Early parenting is also associated with more stressors and fewer resources in young adulthood. As young adults, early parents have lower educational attainment, less secure employment and a weaker sense of personal control; they also experience greater financial strain and more traumatic life events than later and nonparents. By the end of their twenties, early parents are also more likely to be single compared to late parents. The higher levels of depressive symptoms reported among early parents, compared to both later parents and nonparents, are primarily explained by their greater financial strain and lower sense of personal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D. Falci
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Sociology, 711 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, USA
| | - Jeylan T. Mortimer
- University of Minnesota, Department of Sociology, 909 Social Sciences, 267 19 Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - HarmoniJoie Noel
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Sociology, 711 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, USA
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34
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Ryan S, Franzetta K, Schelar E, Manlove J. Family Structure History: Links to Relationship Formation Behaviors in Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2009; 71:935-953. [PMID: 20890404 PMCID: PMC2947371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=4,538), we examine the intergenerational link between parental family structure history and relationship formation in young adulthood. We investigate: (a) first, whether parental family structure history is associated with young adults' own relationship formation behaviors; (b) second, which dimensions of family structure history are most predictive of children's later relationship formation behaviors; and (c) third, if the association between family structure history and young adulthood relationship formation differs by gender. Our findings provide evidence of an intergenerational link between parent relationship histories and their offspring's own relationship formation behaviors in young adulthood, over and above confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ryan
- Child Trends 4301 Connecticut Ave, Suite 350 Washington D.C., 20008
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35
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The long arm of community: the influence of childhood community contexts across the early life course. J Youth Adolesc 2009; 39:894-910. [PMID: 20596817 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-009-9411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the longitudinal effects of childhood community contexts on young adult outcomes. The study uses a sample of 14,000 adolescents (52% female) derived from the 1990 US Census and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Addhealth). The study examines whether community and family environments exert separate and/or joint long-term influences on young adult achievement and depression. We found both direct and indirect long-term influences of childhood community adversity on young adult educational attainment. The indirect influences of childhood community adversity operated through family and individual-level factors. The long-term influence of childhood community adversity on young adult depression was only indirect. Overall, community influences on young adult achievement outcomes were mediated by family context and by the adolescents' adjustments and transitions, including adolescent depression, school adjustment, and disruptive transitional events. The moderating effect of childhood community adversity suggests that the protective effects of family resources on young adult outcomes dissipate significantly in extremely adverse neighborhoods. The findings demonstrate the importance of integrating multiple theoretical perspectives for longitudinal research to capture pathways of community influence on adolescent developmental and young adulthood outcomes.
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36
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Meier A, Allen G. Romantic Relationships from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. THE SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY 2009; 50:308-335. [PMID: 25332511 PMCID: PMC4201847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2009.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Theories on romantic relationship development posit a progression of involvement and intensity with age, relationship duration, and experience in romantic relationships. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study tests these propositions by considering relationship type and patterns of relationships over the course of adolescence and their influence on relationship formation in young adulthood. Findings indicate that relationships become more exclusive, dyadic, of longer duration, and more emotionally and sexually intimate over the course of adolescence. Moreover, relationship experience in adolescence is associated with an increased likelihood of cohabitation and marriage in young adulthood. These findings indicate that instead of being trivial or fleeting, adolescent romantic relationships are an integral part of the social scaffolding on which young adult romantic relationships rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Meier
- Direct all correspondence to Ann Meier, Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, 267 19th Avenue S., Minneapolis, MN 55455;
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37
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Wickrama KAS, Conger RD, Lorenz FO, Jung T. Family antecedents and consequences of trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood: a life course investigation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2008; 49:468-83. [PMID: 19181050 PMCID: PMC2741725 DOI: 10.1177/002214650804900407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Using prospective data from 485 adolescents over a 10-year period, the present study identifies distinct segments of depressive symptom trajectories--a nonsignificant slope during adolescence and a significant negative slope during the transition to adulthood. The study hypothesized that different age-graded life experiences would differentially influence these depressive symptom growth parameters. The findings show that early stressful experiences associated with family-of-origin SES affect the initial level of depressive symptoms. Experiences with early transitional events during adolescence explain variation in the slope of depressive symptoms during the transition to adulthood. The growth parameters of depressive symptoms and an early transition from adolescence to adulthood constrain young adult social status attainment. Consistent with the life-course perspective, family-of-origin adversity is amplified across the life-course by successively contingent adverse circumstances involving life-transition difficulties and poor mental health. The findings also provide evidence for intergenerational transmission of social adversity through health trajectories and social pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S Wickrama
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies/Institute of Social and Behavioral Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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38
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Amato PR, Landale NS, Havasevich TC, Booth A, Eggebeen DJ, Schoen R, McHale SM. Precursors of Young Women's Family Formation Pathways. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2008; 70:1271-1286. [PMID: 22719134 PMCID: PMC3376712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We used latent class analysis to create family formation pathways for women between the ages of 18 and 23. Input variables included cohabitation, marriage, parenthood, full-time employment, and attending school. Data (n = 2,290) came from Waves I and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The analysis revealed seven latent pathways: college-no family formation (29%), high school-no family formation (19%), cohabitation without children (15%), married mothers (14%), single mothers (10%), cohabiting mothers (8%), and inactive (6%). Three sets of variables distinguished between the groups: personal and social resources in adolescence, family socioeconomic resources and adolescent academic achievement, and conservative values and behavior in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Amato
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6207
| | - Nancy S. Landale
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6207
| | - Tara C. Havasevich
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6207
| | - Alan Booth
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6207
| | | | - Robert Schoen
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6207
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39
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Abstract
Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high-school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals' marriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E Uecker
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1700, Austin, TX 78712-0118
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