1
|
Ebrahimi T, Keramati M, Khodabakhsh F, Cohan RA. Enzyme variants in biosynthesis and biological assessment of different molecular weight hyaluronan. AMB Express 2024; 14:56. [PMID: 38730188 PMCID: PMC11087452 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, low- and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acids (LMW-HA and HMW-HA) were synthesized in vitro by truncated Streptococcus equisimilis hyaluronan synthases (SeHAS). The enzyme kinetic parameters were determined for each enzyme variant. The MW, structure, dispersity, and biological activity of polymers were determined by electrophoresis, FTIR spectroscopy, carbazole, cell proliferation, and cell migration assay, respectively. The specific activities were calculated as 7.5, 6.8, 4.9, and 2.8 µgHA µgenzyme-1 min-1 for SeHAS, HAS123, HAS23, and HASIntra, respectively. The results revealed SeHAS produced a polydisperse HMW-HA (268 kDa), while HAS123 and HAS23 produced a polydisperse LMW-HA (< 30 kDa). Interestingly, HASIntra produced a low-disperse LMW-HA. Kinetics studies revealed the truncated variants displayed increased Km values for two substrates when compared to the wild-type enzyme. Biological assessments indicated all LMW-HAs showed a dose-dependent proliferation activity on endothelial cells (ECs), whereas HMW-HAs exhibited an inhibitory effect. Also, LMW-HAs had the highest cell migration effect at 10 µg/mL, while at 200 µg/mL, both LMW- and HMW-HAs postponed the healing recovery rate. The study elucidated that the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of SeHAS affect the enzyme kinetics, HA-titer, HA-size, and HA-dispersity. These findings open new insight into the rational engineering of SeHAS to produce size-defined HA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ebrahimi
- New Technologies Research Group, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Keramati
- New Technologies Research Group, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- New Technologies Research Group, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buruiană A, Gheban BA, Gheban-Roșca IA, Georgiu C, Crișan D, Crișan M. The Tumor Stroma of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Complex Environment That Fuels Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1727. [PMID: 38730679 PMCID: PMC11083853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex assembly of cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, plays a crucial role in driving tumor progression, shaping treatment responses, and influencing metastasis. This narrative review focuses on the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumor stroma, highlighting its key constituents and their dynamic contributions. We examine how significant changes within the cSCC ECM-specifically, alterations in fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, laminins, proteoglycans, and collagens-promote cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The cellular composition of the cSCC TME is also explored, detailing the intricate interplay of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells, pericytes, adipocytes, and various immune cell populations. These diverse players modulate tumor development, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Finally, we emphasize the TME's potential as a therapeutic target. Emerging strategies discussed in this review include harnessing the immune system (adoptive cell transfer, checkpoint blockade), hindering tumor angiogenesis, disrupting CAF activity, and manipulating ECM components. These approaches underscore the vital role that deciphering TME interactions plays in advancing cSCC therapy. Further research illuminating these complex relationships will uncover new avenues for developing more effective treatments for cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Buruiană
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Alexandru Gheban
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Gheban-Roșca
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400129 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Doința Crișan
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.B.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Crișan
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kunnathattil M, Rahul P, Skaria T. Soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:97-116. [PMID: 37982607 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the activity of cytokines and leukocyte extravasation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to limit tissue-damaging inflammatory responses and restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases. Proteoglycans embedded in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which regulate the activity of cytokines to restrict the inflammatory response in physiological conditions, are proteolytically cleaved in inflammatory diseases. Here we critically review the potential of proteolytically shed, soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans to modulate pathological inflammatory responses. Soluble forms of the proteoglycans syndecan-1, syndecan-3 and biglycan exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by the removal of chemokines, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression and leukocyte migration, and induction of autophagy of proinflammatory M1 macrophages. By contrast, soluble versikine and decorin enhance proinflammatory responses by increasing inflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte migration. Endogenous syndecan-2 and mimecan exert proinflammatory effects, syndecan-4 and perlecan mediate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and glypican regulates Hh and Wnt signaling pathways involved in systemic inflammatory responses. Taken together, targeting the vascular endothelial glycocalyx-derived, soluble syndecan-1, syndecan-2, syndecan-3, syndecan-4, biglycan, versikine, mimecan, perlecan, glypican and decorin might be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress overstimulated cytokine and leukocyte responses in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Kunnathattil
- Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Pedapudi Rahul
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmadpour F, Salim MM, Esmailinejad MR, Razei A, Talebi S, Rasouli HR. Comparison of the effects of human fetal umbilical cord-derived hyaluronic acid and fibroblast-derived exosomes on wound healing in rats. Burns 2023; 49:1983-1989. [PMID: 37357060 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exosomes and hyaluronic acid influence tissue regeneration and may be used as an alternative to more conventional wound treatment methods. This study compared how well hyaluronic acid from the human umbilical cord and exosomes from fibroblast cells heal burn wounds in a preclinical model. METHODS Ninety-six male Westar rats were used and allocated into four groups: The treatment group received 10% hyaluronic acid (HA); the treatment group received 300 l of exosome solution (EX); the treatment group received phenytoin (PC); the negative control group received no treatment (NC). The wound healing process was evaluated after 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Histopathological analysis was done on the skin biopsy taken from the wounds. Re-epithelialization, inflammatory cells (PMNs), lymphocytes (LYMs), granulation tissue, collagen maturation (fibrosis), and eschar formation parameters were assessed for histopathological evaluation. On a scale from 0 to 4, each parameter received a score. RESULTS Compared to the PC and NC groups, the median score for re-epithelialization was greater in the HA and EX groups (P < 0.05). At three days, PMN abundance distinguished the PC and NC groups from the HA and EX groups (P < 0.01). Compared to the PC and NC groups, the HA and EX groups had a lower median LYM score (P < 0.01). We found no statistical difference between the four groups for granulation tissue and fibrosis (P > 0.05). The EX group had a lower average score for eschar formation than the PC, NC, and HA groups (P < 0.01). The HA and EX groups demonstrated faster healing in the clinical and microscopic examinations than the NC and PC groups. CONCLUSION The results showed that hyaluronic acid and exosomes improved wound healing. Also, the study demonstrated that hyaluronic acid has better effects in the re-epithelization. The exosome was more effective than HA in eschar formation. Both compounds were more influential in the PMNs and LYMs parameters than other groups. The combination of both compounds should be assessed further to achieve better therapeutic effects on wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fathollah Ahmadpour
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Esmailinejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, System Biology and Poising Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Razei
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Talebi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rasouli
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeon S, Yoon S, Kim Y, Shin S, Ji H, Cho E, Park D, Jung E. The effect of Salix alba L. bark extract on dark circles in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:636-646. [PMID: 37235713 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dark circles in the infraorbital area are a common cosmetic concern among individuals because they exhibit fatigue and are undesirable across all ages. Of the dark circle etiologies, blood stasis by poor-vascular integrity can cause darkening of the lower eyelid skin, which might be alleviated by reduced endothelial permeability. In this study, we investigated the effects of Salix alba bark extract (SABE) on the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) in fibroblasts and vascular integrity protection from inflammatory cytokine. We also performed a clinical trial investigating the effect of SABE on dark circles. METHODS To confirm the effect of SABE on HA synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we performed ELISA and real-time PCR. We investigated the interaction HDF-secreted substance with vascular integrity, and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from HDF treated with or without SABE. Subsequently, we conducted a clinical study on 29 subjects by having them apply SABE containing cream for 8 weeks. RESULTS Salix alba bark extract treatment increased HA synthesis and regulated HMW-HA-related gene expressions in HDF. CM from SABE-treated HDF alleviated endothelial permeability and led to improved vascular integrity in HMEC-1 cells. Treatment with the cream containing 2% SABE for 8 weeks improved the parameters measuring dark circles, skin microcirculation and elasticity. CONCLUSION Our results showed that SABE could protect against dark circles in vitro, and that topical treatment of SABE improved the clinical indexes of dark circles in a clinical study. Therefore, SABE can be used as an active ingredient for improving dark circles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwon Jeon
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sohyun Yoon
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| | | | - Hyanggi Ji
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| | | | - Eunsun Jung
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karam J, Singer BJ, Miwa H, Chen LH, Maran K, Hasani M, Garza S, Onyekwere B, Yeh HC, Li S, Carlo DD, Seidlits SK. Molecular weight of hyaluronic acid crosslinked into biomaterial scaffolds affects angiogenic potential. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:228-242. [PMID: 37572983 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
While hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels have been used clinically for decades, the mechanisms by which HA exerts molecular weight-dependent bioactivity and how chemical modification and crosslinking may affect molecular weight-dependent bioactivity remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap presents a significant barrier to designing HA hydrogels with predictable bioactivities. As HA has been widely reported to have molecular weight-dependent effects on endothelial cells (ECs), we investigated how the molecular weight of HA in either soluble or crosslinked forms affects angiogenesis and interrogated CD44 clustering on the surface of endothelial cells as a candidate mechanism for these affects. Using soluble HA, our results show high molecular weight (HMW) HA, but not low molecular weight (LMW) HA, increased viability and tube formation in cultured human cerebral microvascular ECs (HCMVECs). No size of HA affected proliferation. When HCMVECs were cultured with crosslinked HA of varying molecular weights in the form of HA-based microporous annealed particle scaffold (HMAPS), the cell response was comparable to when cultured with soluble HA. Similarly, when implanted subcutaneously, HMAPS with HMW HA were more vascularized than those with LMW HA. We also show that antibody-mediated CD44 clustering resulted in HCMVECs with increased viability and tube-like structure formation in a manner comparable to exposure to HMW HA, suggesting that HMW acts through CD44 clustering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials based on hyaluronic acid (HA), a bioactive extracellular matrix polysaccharide, have been used in clinical products for several years. Despite the knowledge that HA molecular weight heavily influences its bioactivity, molecular weight has been largely ignored in the development of HA-based biomaterials. Given the high viscosity of high molecular weight HA typically found in native tissues, lower molecular weight polysaccharides have been used most commonly for biomaterial fabrication. By comparing the ability of injectable, microporous annealed particle scaffolds (MAPS) fabricated from variably sized HA to promote angiogenesis, this study demonstrates that MAPS with high molecular weight HA better support vascularization, likely through an unique ability to induce clustering of CD44 receptors on endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Karam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Breahna J Singer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hiromi Miwa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Limin H Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kajal Maran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mahdi Hasani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarahi Garza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bianca Onyekwere
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lehká K, Starigazdová J, Mrázek J, Nešporová K, Šimek M, Pavlík V, Chmelař J, Čepa M, Barrios-Llerena ME, Kocurková A, Kriváková E, Koukalová L, Kubala L, Velebný V. An in vitro model that mimics the foreign body response in the peritoneum: Study of the bioadhesive properties of HA-based materials. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120701. [PMID: 36925239 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A cascade of reactions known as the foreign body response (FBR) follows the implantation of biomaterials leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around the implant and subsequent health complications. The severity of the FBR is driven mostly by the physicochemical characteristics of implanted material, the method and place of implantation, and the degree of immune system activation. Here we present an in vitro model for assessing new materials with respect to their potential to induce a FBR in the peritoneum. The model is based on evaluating protein sorption and cell adhesion on the implanted material. We tested our model on the free-standing films prepared from hyaluronan derivatives with different hydrophobicity, swelling ratio, and rate of solubilization. The proteomic analysis of films incubated in the mouse peritoneum showed that the presence of fibrinogen was driving the cell adhesion. Neither the film surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity nor the quantity of adsorbed proteins were decisive for the induction of the long-term cell adhesion leading to the FBR, while the dissolution rate of the material proved to be a crucial factor. Our model thus helps determine the probability of a FBR to materials implanted in the peritoneum while limiting the need for in vivo animal testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Lehká
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Starigazdová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mrázek
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Matěj Šimek
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Pavlík
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chmelař
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Čepa
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | | | - Anna Kocurková
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriváková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Koukalová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Velebný
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020304. [PMID: 36830841 PMCID: PMC9953106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a significant glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, playing an essential role in cell localization and proliferation. However, high levels of HA may also correlate with multidrug resistance of tumor cells, an increased tendency to metastasize, or cancer progression, and thus represent a very unfavorable prognosis for cancer patients. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the results of studies describing the relationship between HA, the main ligand of the CD44 receptor, or other components of the HA signaling pathway. In addition, we review the course of selected female malignancies, i.e., breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, with the main focus on the mechanisms oriented to CD44. We also analyze reports on the beneficial use of HA-containing preparations in adjuvant therapy among patients with these types of cancer. Data from the literature suggest that HA and its family members may be critical prognostic biomarkers of selected malignancies among women. Nevertheless, the results of the available studies are inconclusive, and the actual clinical significance of HA expression analysis is still quite enigmatic. In our opinion, the HA-CD44 signaling pathway should be an attractive target for future research related to targeted therapy in gynecological cancers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Askari H, Sadeghinejad M, Fancher IS. Mechanotransduction and the endothelial glycocalyx: Interactions with membrane and cytoskeletal proteins to transduce force. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2023; 91:43-60. [PMID: 37080680 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is an extracellular matrix that coats the endothelium and extends into the lumen of blood vessels, acting as a barrier between the vascular wall and blood flowing through the vessel. This positioning of the glycocalyx permits a variety of its constituents, including the major endothelial proteoglycans glypican-1 and syndecan-1, as well as the major glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid, to contribute to the processes of mechanosensation and subsequent mechanotransduction following such stimuli as elevated shear stress. To coordinate the vast array of processes that occur in response to physical force, the glycocalyx interacts with a plethora of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins to carry out specific signaling pathways resulting in a variety of responses of endothelial cells and, ultimately, blood vessels to mechanical force. This review focuses on proposed glycocalyx-protein relationships whereby the endothelial glycocalyx interacts with a variety of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins to transduce force into a myriad of chemical signaling pathways. The established and proposed interactions at the molecular level are discussed in context of how the glycocalyx regulates membrane/cytoskeletal protein function in the many processes of endothelial mechanotransduction.
Collapse
|
10
|
Suzuki K, Miura T, Okada H. The endothelial glycocalyx-All the same? No, it is not. Acute Med Surg 2023; 10:e896. [PMID: 37808968 PMCID: PMC10551284 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx covers the lumen of blood vessels throughout the body and plays an important role in endothelial homeostasis. Advances in electron microscopy techniques have provided clues to better understand the structure and composition of identical vascular endothelial glycocalyx. The morphology and thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx differ from organ to organ. The content of the endothelial glycocalyx covering the vascular lumen differs even in the brain, heart, and lungs, which have the same continuous capillaries. Various types of inflammation are known to attenuate the endothelial glycocalyx; however, we found that the morphology of the glycocalyx damaged by acute inflammation differed from that damaged by chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation breaks the endothelial glycocalyx unevenly, whereas chronic inflammation leads to the overall shortening of the endothelial glycocalyx. The same drug has different effects on the endothelial glycocalyx, depending on the location of the target blood vessels. This difference in response may reflect not only the size and shape of the endothelial glycocalyx but also the different constituents. In the cardiac tissue, the expression of glypican-1, a core protein of the endothelial glycocalyx, was enhanced. By contrast, in the pulmonary tissue, the expression of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 significantly increased in the treatment group compared with that in the no-treatment group. In this review, we present the latest findings on the evolution of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx and consider the microstructural differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster MedicineGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
- Department of Infection ControlGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Tomotaka Miura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster MedicineGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster MedicineGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational ResearchGifu University Institute for Advanced StudyGifuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li L, Cook C, Liu Y, Li J, Jiang J, Li S. Endothelial glycocalyx in hepatopulmonary syndrome: An indispensable player mediating vascular changes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039618. [PMID: 36618396 PMCID: PMC9815560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular complication that causes respiratory insufficiency in patients with chronic liver diseases. HPS is characterized by two central pathogenic features-intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD) and angiogenesis. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) is a gel-like layer covering the luminal surface of blood vessels which is involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes including controlling vascular tone and angiogenesis. In terms of lung disorders, it has been well established that eGCX contributes to dysregulated vascular contraction and impaired blood-gas barrier and fluid clearance, and thus might underlie the pathogenesis of HPS. Additionally, pharmacological interventions targeting eGCX are dramatically on the rise. In this review, we aim to elucidate the potential role of eGCX in IPVD and angiogenesis and describe the possible degradation-reconstitution equilibrium of eGCX during HPS through a highlight of recent literature. These studies strongly underscore the therapeutic rationale in targeting eGCX for the treatment of HPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
| | - Christopher Cook
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yale Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiantao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guvench O. Atomic-Resolution Experimental Structural Biology and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hyaluronan and Its Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:7276. [PMID: 36364098 PMCID: PMC9658939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the atomic-resolution structural biology of hyaluronan and its complexes available in the Protein Data Bank, as well as published studies of atomic-resolution explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations on these and other hyaluronan and hyaluronan-containing systems. Advances in accurate molecular mechanics force fields, simulation methods and software, and computer hardware have supported a recent flourish in such simulations, such that the simulation publications now outnumber the structural biology publications by an order of magnitude. In addition to supplementing the experimental structural biology with computed dynamic and thermodynamic information, the molecular dynamics studies provide a wealth of atomic-resolution information on hyaluronan-containing systems for which there is no atomic-resolution structural biology either available or possible. Examples of these summarized in this review include hyaluronan pairing with other hyaluronan molecules and glycosaminoglycans, with ions, with proteins and peptides, with lipids, and with drugs and drug-like molecules. Despite limitations imposed by present-day computing resources on system size and simulation timescale, atomic-resolution explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations have been able to contribute significant insight into hyaluronan's flexibility and capacity for intra- and intermolecular non-covalent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olgun Guvench
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Administration, School of Pharmacy, Westbrook College of Health Professions, University of New England, 716 Stevens Avenue, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arrigali EM, Serban MA. Development and Characterization of a Topically Deliverable Prophylactic Against Oxidative Damage in Cochlear Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907516. [PMID: 35754472 PMCID: PMC9226984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss affects roughly 466 million people worldwide. While the causes of hearing loss are diverse, mechanistically, inflammation and oxidative stress have been identified as major players in hearing loss regardless of pathogenesis. Treatment options remain extremely limited and there is currently no FDA approved drug therapy. Studies indicate that antioxidants such as d-Methionine have shown some protective effects; however, these studies involved systemic or invasive localized delivery methods and highlighted the need for the development of minimally invasive localized therapeutic approaches. Described herein is the development of an antioxidant-conjugated system that shows prophylactic potential against oxidative damage and appears suitable for topical delivery. Specifically, our covalent conjugate of hyaluronan with d-Methionine shows cytocompatibility and protection from oxidative stress in two mouse cochlear cell lines (HEI-OC1 and SV-k1). Mechanistically, the data indicate that the protective effects of the conjugate are due to the hyaluronan-mediated cellular internalization of the antioxidant. Most notably, the conjugate can efficiently permeate through an in vitro round window membrane model without the loss of the attached antioxidant, for subsequent delivery of the therapeutic cargo to the hearing sensory cells. Collectively these findings show that the novel conjugate could be a potential topical preventive agent against hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Arrigali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Design Program, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Monica A Serban
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Design Program, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.,Montana Biotechnology Center, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng S, Liu X, Qian Y, Maitusong M, Yu K, Cao N, Fang J, Liu F, Chen J, Xu D, Zhu G, Ren T, Wang J. Double-Network Hydrogel Armored Decellularized Porcine Pericardium as Durable Bioprosthetic Heart Valves. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102059. [PMID: 34969157 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart valves have extraordinary fatigue resistance which beat ≈3 billion times in a lifetime. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) made from fixed heteroplasm that are incrementally used in heart valve replacement fail to sustain the expected durability due to thrombosis, poor endothelialization, inflammation, calcification, and especially mechanical damage induced biocompatibility change. No effective strategy has been reported to conserve the biological properties of BHV after long-term fatigue test. Here, a double-network tough hydrogel is introduced, which interpenetrate and anchor into the matrix of decellularized porcine pericardium (dCell-PP) to form robust and stable conformal coatings and reduce immunogenicity. The ionic crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) network mimics the glycocalyx on endothelium which improves antithrombosis and accelerates endothelialization; the chemical crosslinked hydrophilic polyacrylamide (PAAm) network further enhances antifouling properties and strengthens the shielding hydrogels and their interaction with dCell-PP. In vitro and rabbit ex vivo shunt assay demonstrate great hemocompatibility of polyacrylamide/HA hydrogel hybrid PP (P/H-PP). Cell experiments and rat subcutaneous implantation confirm satisfactory endothelialization, biocompatibility, and anticalcification properties. For hydrodynamic experiment, P/H-PP gains full mark at different flow conditions and sustains excellent biomechanical and biological properties after 200 000 000 cycles. P/H double-network hydrogel armoring dCell-PP is a promising progress to extend BHV durability for clinical implantation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Miribani Maitusong
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Naifang Cao
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Dilin Xu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Gangjie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310009 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Synergistic Effect of L-Carnosine and Hyaluronic Acid in Their Covalent Conjugates on the Antioxidant Abilities and the Mutual Defense against Enzymatic Degradation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040664. [PMID: 35453350 PMCID: PMC9030210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (Hy) is a natural linear polymer that is widely distributed in different organisms, especially in the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid. During tissue injury due to oxidative stress, Hy plays an important protective role. All the beneficial properties of Hy make the polymer attractive for many biomedical uses; however, the low stability and short biological half-life limit Hy application. To overcome these problems, the addition of small antioxidant molecules to Hy solution has been employed to protect the molecular integrity of Hy or delay its degradation. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine, Car) protects cells from the damage due to the reactive species derived from oxygen (ROS), nitrogen (RNS) or carbonyl groups (RCS). Car inhibits the degradation of hyaluronan induced by free radical processes in vitro but, like Hy, the potential protective action of Car is drastically hampered by the enzymatic hydrolysis in vivo. Recently, we conjugated Hy to Car and the derivatives (HyCar) showed protective effects in experimental models of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in vivo. Here we report the antioxidant activity exerted by HyCar against ROS, RNS and RCS. Moreover, we tested if the covalent conjugation between Hy and Car inhibits the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polymer and the dipeptide backbone. We found that the antioxidant properties and the resistance to the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hy and Car are greatly improved by the conjugation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Richter RP, Payne GA, Ambalavanan N, Gaggar A, Richter JR. The endothelial glycocalyx in critical illness: A pediatric perspective. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 14:100106. [PMID: 35392182 PMCID: PMC8981764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx thins with age and cardiovascular comorbidities. Endothelial glycocalyx is affected by and integral to severe pediatric illnesses. Mechanistic insight into cause/effect of endothelial glycocalyx injury is paramount. Vascular glycocalyx damage in pediatric critical illness warrants further study.
The vascular endothelium is the interface between circulating blood and end organs and thus has a critical role in preserving organ function. The endothelium is lined by a glycan-rich glycocalyx that uniquely contributes to endothelial function through its regulation of leukocyte and platelet interactions with the vessel wall, vascular permeability, coagulation, and vasoreactivity. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx can thus promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation propagation, and organ injury. The endothelial glycocalyx and its role in vascular pathophysiology has gained increasing attention over the last decade. While studies characterizing vascular glycocalyx injury and its downstream consequences in a host of adult human diseases and in animal models has burgeoned, studies evaluating glycocalyx damage in pediatric diseases are relatively few. As children have unique physiology that differs from adults, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the causes and effects of endothelial glycocalyx disintegrity in pediatric critical illness. In this narrative literature overview, we offer a unique perspective on the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in pediatric critical illness, drawing from adult and preclinical data in addition to pediatric clinical experience to elucidate how marked derangement of the endothelial surface layer may contribute to aberrant vascular biology in children. By calling attention to this nascent field, we hope to increase research efforts to address important knowledge gaps in pediatric vascular biology that may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 5 Avenue South, CPPI Suite 102, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
| | - Gregory A. Payne
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Translational Research in Normal and Disordered Development Program, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jillian R. Richter
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xia Y, Li Y, Fu BM. Differential effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on glycocalyx of endothelial and tumor cells and potential targets for tumor metastasis. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:016101. [PMID: 35071967 PMCID: PMC8769769 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
On the surface of every mammalian cell, there is a matrix-like glycocalyx (GCX) consisting of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Disruption of endothelial cell (EC) GCX by a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGF-A165), a tumor secretion, was found to be an early event in tumor cell (TC) metastasis across vascular barriers. However, how the TC secretion VEGF affects its own GCX is unknown. To investigate the VEGF effect on TC GCX and to elucidate the ultrastructural organization of EC and TC GCX and their alteration by VEGF, we employed super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to observe the spatio-chemical organizations of the heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), two representative GAGs of GCX, on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC) and malignant breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (MB231). We found that HS and HA have distinct organizations on hCMEC and MB231. Only HS of hCMEC is perpendicular to the cell surface, while HA of hCMEC as well as HS and HA of MB231 all lie in the same plane as the cell surface where they appear to weave into a 2D network covering the cell. We also found that VEGF significantly reduces the length and coverage of HS on hCMEC but does not change the thickness and coverage of HA on hCMEC. On the contrary, VEGF significantly enhances the coverage of HS and HA on MB231 although it does not alter the thickness. The differential effects of VEGF on the GCX of TC and that of EC may favor TC adhesion and transmigration across EC barriers for their metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Bingmei M. Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han J, Zhang H, Li N, Aziz AUR, Zhang Z, Liu B. The raft cytoskeleton binding protein complexes personate functional regulators in cell behaviors. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151859. [PMID: 35123353 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Several cytoskeleton proteins interact with raft proteins to form raft-cytoskeleton binding protein complexes (RCPCs) that control cell migration and adhesion. The purpose of this paper is to review the latest research on the modes and mechanisms by which a RCPC controls different cellular functions. This paper discusses RCPC composition and its role in cytoskeleton reorganization, as well as the latest developments in molecular mechanisms that regulate cell adhesion and migration under normal conditions. In addition, the role of some external stimuli (such as stress and chemical signals) in this process is further debated, and meanwhile potential mechanisms for RCPC to regulate lipid raft fluidity is proposed. Thus, this review mainly contributes to the understanding of RCPC signal transduction in cells. Additionally, the targeted signal transduction of RCPC and its mechanism connection with cell behaviors will provide a logical basis for the development of unified interventions to combat metastasis related dysfunction and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Walker SC, Richter RP, Zheng L, Ashtekar AR, Jansen JO, Kerby JD, Richter JR. Increased Plasma Hyaluronan Levels are Associated With Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy. Shock 2022; 57:113-117. [PMID: 34608101 PMCID: PMC8678307 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is an endogenous impairment in hemostasis that often contributes to early mortality after trauma. Endothelial glycocalyx damage is associated with trauma-induced coagulation abnormalities; however, the specific relationship between hyaluronan (HA), a key glycocalyx constituent, and ATC has not been evaluated. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from a recent study in which trauma patients (>18 years) admitted to our Level I trauma center with an ABC Score≥2 were enrolled. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and thromboelastography (TEG) parameters were recorded at arrival. Injury characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained. Plasma HA levels were measured in healthy controls (HC) and in trauma subjects at arrival (t = 0 h) and 12, 24, and 48 h. ATC was defined as admission INR>1.2 or PTT≥36.5 s. Comparisons of HA levels were assessed, and Spearman's correlations were performed between 0 h and 24 h HA levels, coagulation measures and clinical outcomes. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Forty-eight trauma patients and 22 controls were enrolled for study. Sixteen trauma subjects were coagulopathic at admission. HA levels in subjects with ATC were higher than non-coagulopathic subjects at all time points and elevated above HC levels at 24 and 48 h. At arrival, HA levels correlated with TEG R-time, PTT, and INR. HA levels at 24 h correlated with increased transfusion requirements and intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay. CONCLUSION Shed HA is associated with early coagulation abnormalities in trauma patients, which may contribute to worse outcomes. These findings highlight the need for additional studies to evaluate the mechanistic role of HA in ATC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C Walker
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert P Richter
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lei Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amit R Ashtekar
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jan O Jansen
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey D Kerby
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jillian R Richter
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ballermann BJ, Nyström J, Haraldsson B. The Glomerular Endothelium Restricts Albumin Filtration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766689. [PMID: 34912827 PMCID: PMC8667033 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activation and/or dysfunction of the glomerular endothelium triggers proteinuria in many systemic and localized vascular disorders. Among them are the thrombotic microangiopathies, many forms of glomerulonephritis, and acute inflammatory episodes like sepsis and COVID-19 illness. Another example is the chronic endothelial dysfunction that develops in cardiovascular disease and in metabolic disorders like diabetes. While the glomerular endothelium is a porous sieve that filters prodigious amounts of water and small solutes, it also bars the bulk of albumin and large plasma proteins from passing into the glomerular filtrate. This endothelial barrier function is ascribed predominantly to the endothelial glycocalyx with its endothelial surface layer, that together form a relatively thick, mucinous coat composed of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids, sialomucins and other glycoproteins, as well as secreted and circulating proteins. The glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer not only covers the glomerular endothelium; it extends into the endothelial fenestrae. Some glycocalyx components span or are attached to the apical endothelial cell plasma membrane and form the formal glycocalyx. Other components, including small proteoglycans and circulating proteins like albumin and orosomucoid, form the endothelial surface layer and are bound to the glycocalyx due to weak intermolecular interactions. Indeed, bound plasma albumin is a major constituent of the endothelial surface layer and contributes to its barrier function. A role for glomerular endothelial cells in the barrier of the glomerular capillary wall to protein filtration has been demonstrated by many elegant studies. However, it can only be fully understood in the context of other components, including the glomerular basement membrane, the podocytes and reabsorption of proteins by tubule epithelial cells. Discovery of the precise mechanisms that lead to glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer disruption within glomerular capillaries will hopefully lead to pharmacological interventions that specifically target this important structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Börje Haraldsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vernon RB, Gooden MD, Chan CK, Workman G, Obika M, Wight TN. Autocrine Hyaluronan Influences Sprouting and Lumen Formation During HUVEC Tubulogenesis In Vitro. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:415-428. [PMID: 34080894 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211022703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have focused on a role for hyaluronan (HA) of interstitial extracellular matrix (presumably produced by non-vascular "stromal" cells) in regulating vascular growth, we herein examine the influence of "autocrine HA" produced by vascular endothelial cells themselves on tubulogenesis, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in angiogenic and vasculogenic three-dimensional collagen gel cultures. Relative to unstimulated controls, tubulogenic HUVECs upregulated HAS2 mRNA and increased the synthesis of cell-associated HA (but not HA secreted into media). Confocal microscopy/immunofluorescence on cultures fixed with neutral-buffered 10% formalin (NBF) revealed cytoplasmic HAS2 in HUVEC cords and tubes. Cultures fixed with NBF (with cetylpyridinium chloride added to retain HA), stained for HA using "affinity fluorescence" (biotinylated HA-binding protein with streptavidin-fluor), and viewed by confocal microscopy showed HA throughout tube lumens, but little/no HA on the abluminal sides of the tubes or in the surrounding collagen gel. Lumen formation in angiogenic and vasculogenic cultures was strongly suppressed by metabolic inhibitors of HA synthesis (mannose and 4-methylumbelliferone). Hyaluronidase strongly inhibited lumen formation in angiogenic cultures, but not in vasculogenic cultures (where developing lumens are not open to culture medium). Collectively, our results point to a role for autocrine, luminal HA in microvascular sprouting and lumen development. (J Histochem Cytochem 69: 415-428, 2021).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Vernon
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michel D Gooden
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina K Chan
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gail Workman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Masanari Obika
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:118-149. [PMID: 33838253 PMCID: PMC8355044 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and selected extracellular matrix constituents are emerging as intrinsic and critical regulators of evolutionarily conversed, intracellular catabolic pathways. Often, these secreted molecules evoke sustained autophagy in a variety of cell types, tissues, and model systems. The unique properties of proteoglycans have ushered in a paradigmatic shift to broaden our understanding of matrix-mediated signaling cascades. The dynamic cellular pathway controlling autophagy is now linked to an equally dynamic and fluid signaling network embedded in a complex meshwork of matrix molecules. A rapidly emerging field of research encompasses multiple matrix-derived candidates, representing a menagerie of soluble matrix constituents including decorin, biglycan, endorepellin, endostatin, collagen VI and plasminogen kringle 5. These matrix constituents are pro-autophagic and simultaneously anti-angiogenic. In contrast, perlecan, laminin α2 chain, and lumican have anti-autophagic functions. Mechanistically, each matrix constituent linked to intracellular catabolic events engages a specific cell surface receptor that often converges on a common core of the autophagic machinery including AMPK, Peg3 and Beclin 1. We consider this matrix-evoked autophagy as non-canonical given that it occurs in an allosteric manner and is independent of nutrient availability or prevailing bioenergetics control. We propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is an important outside-in signaling mechanism for proper tissue homeostasis that could be therapeutically leveraged to combat a variety of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Merry CLR. Exciting New Developments and Emerging Themes in Glycosaminoglycan Research. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 69:9-11. [PMID: 33180636 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420974361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In times where many people have suffered loss and others of us are dealing with stress, disruption, and fear, there is a lot of comfort to be taken in reading. If we are not able to meet up and discuss our work in person, exploring published studies provides some succor, even without the cheese, wine, and other traditions of our usual get-togethers. Fortunately, recent months have seen many high-quality papers around the topic of glycosaminoglycans. I can only pick up on a very few here, those that I have particularly enjoyed, but the following collection of reviews will also be a treat and hopefully tide us over until our research community can regroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L R Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|