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Desoutter A, Deshayes T, Vorimore F, Klotoe B, Durand B, Colot J, Wagner-Lichtenegger G, Steinmetz I, Tuanyok A, Laroucau K. Isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from a goat in New Caledonia: implications for animal and human health monitoring and serological tool comparison. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:114. [PMID: 38521903 PMCID: PMC10960402 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in soil and water. It can affect both humans and animals, and is endemic in regions such as Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. In recent years, there have been reports of an emergence of human melioidosis in other areas, including New Caledonia. RESULTS During standard laboratory analysis in New Caledonia in 2021, a strain of B. pseudomallei was isolated from a goat. The strain was characterized using both MLST and WGS techniques and was found to cluster with previously described local human strains from the area. In parallel, several serological tests (CFT, ELISA, Luminex (Hcp1, GroEL, BPSS1840), arrays assay and a latex agglutination test) were performed on animals from the farm where the goat originated, and/or from three other neighboring farms. Using two commercial ELISA kits, seropositive animals were found only on the farm where the infected goat originated and tests based on recombinant proteins confirmed the usefulness of the Hcp1 protein for the diagnosis of melioidosis in animals. CONCLUSIONS Despite the regular reports of human cases, this is the first confirmed case of melioidosis in an animal in New Caledonia. These results confirm the presence of the bacterium in the region and highlight the importance of vigilance for both animal and human health. It is critical that all health partners, including breeders, veterinarians, and biologists, work together to monitor and prevent the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Desoutter
- LNC (Laboratory of New Caledonia), Animal Health Department, Paita, New Caledonia
| | - Thomas Deshayes
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fabien Vorimore
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Anses, Identypath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bernice Klotoe
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Epidemiological Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Colot
- Territorial Hospital Center Gaston-Bourret, Medical Biology Laboratory, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Gabriel Wagner-Lichtenegger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Apichai Tuanyok
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Badten AJ, Torres AG. Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex Subunit and Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Their Potential to Elicit Cross-Protection to Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38543947 PMCID: PMC10975474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that can cause a variety of diseases in at-risk populations. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, the etiological agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, are the two clinically relevant members of the B. pseudomallei complex (Bpc). The development of vaccines against Bpc species has been accelerated in recent years, resulting in numerous promising subunits and glycoconjugate vaccines incorporating a variety of antigens. However, a second group of pathogenic Burkholderia species exists known as the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of opportunistic bacteria which tend to affect individuals with weakened immunity or cystic fibrosis. To date, there have been few attempts to develop vaccines to Bcc species. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of the various subunit antigens that have been tested in Bpc species, their protective efficacy, study limitations, and known or suspected mechanisms of protection. Then, we assess the reviewed Bpc antigens for their amino acid sequence conservation to homologous proteins found in Bcc species. We propose that protective Bpc antigens with a high degree of Bpc-to-Bcc sequence conservation could serve as components of a pan-Burkholderia vaccine capable of protecting against both disease-causing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Badten
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Yadav PK, Paul M, Singh S, Kumar S, Ponmariappan S, Thavaselvam D. Development of a Novel Internally Controlled HrpB1 Gene-Based Real-Time qPCR Assay for Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:101-112. [PMID: 38085447 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis, caused by category B bioterrorism agent Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a seasonal disease of tropical and subtropical regions with a high mortality rate. An early and culture-independent detection of B. pseudomallei is required for the appropriate disease management and prevention. The present study is designed to identify novel and unique sequences of B. pseudomallei and development of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. METHODS A novel B. pseudomallei-specific target sequence was identified by in silico analysis for the qPCR assay development. The specificity of the developed assay was assessed using purified DNA of 65 different bacterial cultures, and the sensitivity was estimated using a cloned target gene. Further, a type III secretion protein HrpB1 (HrpB1) gene-based duplex qPCR assay incorporating suitable extraction and amplification control was developed, and its viability was assessed in different clinical and environmental matrices for the detection of B. pseudomallei. RESULTS In this study, an 80-nucleotide-long B. pseudomallei-specific region within the gene HrpB1 was identified by computational analysis. The developed HrpB1-based qPCR assay was highly specific for B. pseudomallei detection when evaluated with 65 different bacterial cultures. The sensitivity of the qPCR assay with the HrpB1-recombinant plasmid was found to be five copies per qPCR reaction. The assay's detection limit was found to be 5 × 102 CFU/mL for human blood and urine, 5 × 101 CFU/mL in river water, and 2 × 103 CFU/gm in paddy field soil. CONCLUSION The results of the study showed the applicability of a novel HrpB1-based qPCR assay for sensitive and specific detection of B. pseudomallei in diverse clinical and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Kumar Yadav
- Biodetector Development Test and Evaluation Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474 002, India
| | - Moumita Paul
- Biodetector Development Test and Evaluation Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474 002, India
| | - Suchetna Singh
- Biodetector Development Test and Evaluation Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474 002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biodetector Development Test and Evaluation Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474 002, India.
| | - S Ponmariappan
- Biodetector Development Test and Evaluation Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Defence Research and Development Organization, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474 002, India
| | - Duraipandian Thavaselvam
- O/o Director General Life Science (DGLS), Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, SSPL Campus, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110 054, India.
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Wagner GE, Stanjek TFP, Albrecht D, Lipp M, Dunachie SJ, Föderl-Höbenreich E, Riedel K, Kohler A, Steinmetz I, Kohler C. Deciphering the human antibody response against Burkholderia pseudomallei during melioidosis using a comprehensive immunoproteome approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294113. [PMID: 38146371 PMCID: PMC10749318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the often fatal and massively underreported infectious disease melioidosis. Antigens inducing protective immunity in experimental models have recently been identified and serodiagnostic tools have been improved. However, further elucidation of the antigenic repertoire of B. pseudomallei during human infection for diagnostic and vaccine purposes is required. The adaptation of B. pseudomallei to very different habitats is reflected by a huge genome and a selective transcriptional response to a variety of conditions. We, therefore, hypothesized that exposure of B. pseudomallei to culture conditions mimicking habitats encountered in the human host might unravel novel antigens that are recognized by melioidosis patients. Methods and results In this study, B. pseudomallei was exposed to various stress and growth conditions, including anaerobiosis, acid stress, oxidative stress, iron starvation and osmotic stress. Immunogenic proteins were identified by probing two-dimensional Western blots of B. pseudomallei intracellular and extracellular protein extracts with sera from melioidosis patients and controls and subsequent MALDI-TOF MS. Among B. pseudomallei specific immunogenic signals, 90 % (55/61) of extracellular immunogenic proteins were identified by acid, osmotic or oxidative stress. A total of 84 % (44/52) of intracellular antigens originated from the stationary growth phase, acidic, oxidative and anaerobic conditions. The majority of the extracellular and intracellular protein antigens were identified in only one of the various stress conditions. Sixty-three immunoreactive proteins and an additional 38 candidates from a literature screening were heterologously expressed and subjected to dot blot analysis using melioidosis sera and controls. Our experiments confirmed melioidosis-specific signals in 58 of our immunoproteome candidates. These include 15 antigens with average signal ratios (melioidosis:controls) greater than 10 and another 26 with average ratios greater than 5, including new promising serodiagnostic candidates with a very high signal-to-noise ratio. Conclusion Our study shows that a comprehensive B. pseudomallei immunoproteomics approach, using conditions which are likely to be encountered during infection, can identify novel antibody targets previously unrecognized in human melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Wagner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michaela Lipp
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine (NDM) Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Esther Föderl-Höbenreich
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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Settles EW, Sonderegger D, Shannon AB, Celona KR, Lederer R, Yi J, Seavey C, Headley K, Mbegbu M, Harvey M, Keener M, Allender C, Hornstra H, Monroy FP, Woerle C, Theobald V, Mayo M, Currie BJ, Keim P. Development and evaluation of a multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay (BurkPx) for accurate melioidosis diagnosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011072. [PMID: 36753506 PMCID: PMC9907819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative soil bacterium well recognized in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. However, wider and expanding global distribution of B. pseudomallei has been elucidated. Early diagnosis is critical for commencing the specific therapy required to optimize outcome. Serological testing using the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) antibody assay has long been used to augment diagnosis of melioidosis and to monitor progress. However, cross reactivity and prior exposure may complicate the diagnosis of current clinical disease (melioidosis). The goal of our study was to develop and initially evaluate a serology assay (BurkPx) that capitalized upon host response to multiple antigens. Antigens were selected from previous studies for expression/purification and conjugation to microspheres for multiantigen analysis. Selected serum samples from non-melioidosis controls and serial samples from culture-confirmed melioidosis patients were used to characterize the diagnostic power of individual and combined antigens at two times post admission. Multiple variable models were developed to evaluate multivariate antigen reactivity, identify important antigens, and determine sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of melioidosis. The final multiplex assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 93%, which was superior to any single antigen in side-by-side comparisons. The sensitivity of the assay started at >85% for the initial serum sample after admission and increased to 94% 21 days later. Weighting antigen contribution to each model indicated that certain antigen contributed to diagnosis more than others, which suggests that the number of antigens in the assay can be decreased. In summation, the BurkPx assay can facilitate the diagnosis of melioidosis and potentially improve on currently available serology assays. Further evaluation is now required in both melioidosis-endemic and non-endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W. Settles
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Derek Sonderegger
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Austin B. Shannon
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kimberly R. Celona
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rachel Lederer
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jinhee Yi
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Courtney Seavey
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kyle Headley
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mimi Mbegbu
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Maxx Harvey
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mitch Keener
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Chris Allender
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Heidie Hornstra
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Fernando P. Monroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Celeste Woerle
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Vanessa Theobald
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bart J. Currie
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department and Northern Territory Medical Program, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Paul Keim
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Celona KR, Shannon AB, Sonderegger D, Yi J, Monroy FP, Allender C, Hornstra H, Barnes MB, Didier ES, Bohm RP, Phillippi-Falkenstein K, Sanford D, Keim P, Settles EW. NHP BurkPx: A multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay to monitor Burkholderia pseudomallei exposures in non-human primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011067. [PMID: 36753522 PMCID: PMC9907805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, infecting humans and non-human primates (NHP) through contaminated soil or water. World-wide there are an estimated 165,000 human melioidosis cases each year, but recordings of NHP cases are sporadic. Clinical detection of melioidosis in humans is primarily by culturing B. pseudomallei, and there are no standardized detection protocols for NHP. NHP are an important animal model for melioidosis research including clinical trials and development of biodefense countermeasures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We evaluated the diagnostic potential of the multiple antigen serological assay, BurkPx, in NHP using two sera sets: (i) 115 B. pseudomallei-challenged serum samples from 80 NHP collected each week post-exposure (n = 52) and at euthanasia (n = 47), and (ii) 126 B. pseudomallei-naïve/negative serum samples. We observed early IgM antibody responses to carbohydrate antigens followed by IgG antibody recognition to multiple B. pseudomallei protein antigens during the second week of infection. B. pseudomallei negative serum samples had low to intermediate antibody cross reactivity to the antigens in this assay. Infection time was predicted as the determining factor in the variation of antibody responses, with 77.67% of variation explained by the first component of the principal component analysis. A multiple antigen model generated a binary prediction metric ([Formula: see text]), which when applied to all data resulted in 100% specificity and 63.48% sensitivity. Removal of week 1 B. pseudomallei challenged serum samples increased the sensitivity of the model to 95%. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We employed a previously standardized assay for humans, the BurkPx assay, and assessed its diagnostic potential for detection of B. pseudomallei exposure in NHP. The assay is expected to be useful for surveillance in NHP colonies, in investigations of suspected accidental releases or exposures, and for identifying vaccine correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R. Celona
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Austin B. Shannon
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Derek Sonderegger
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jinhee Yi
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Fernando P. Monroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christopher Allender
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Heidie Hornstra
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mary B. Barnes
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S. Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rudolf P. Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel Sanford
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul Keim
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erik W. Settles
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
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Protein Microarray-Guided Development of a Highly Sensitive and Specific Dipstick Assay for Glanders Serodiagnostics. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0123422. [PMID: 36541753 PMCID: PMC9879090 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01234-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders, is a clonal descendant of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, which has lost its environmental reservoir and has a restricted host range. Despite limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity, complement fixation is still the official diagnostic test for glanders. Therefore, new tools are needed for diagnostics and to study the B. mallei epidemiology. We recently developed a highly sensitive serodiagnostic microarray test for human melioidosis based on the multiplex detection of B. pseudomallei proteins. In this study, we modified our array tests by using anti-horse IgG conjugate and tested sera from B. mallei-infected horses (n = 30), negative controls (n = 39), and horses infected with other pathogens (n = 14). Our array results show a sensitivity of 96.7% (confidence interval [CI] 85.5 to 99.6%) and a specificity of 100.0% (CI, 95.4 to 100.0%). The reactivity pattern of the positive sera on our array test allowed us to identify a set of 12 highly reactive proteins of interest for glanders diagnosis. The B. mallei variants of the three best protein candidates were selected for the development of a novel dipstick assay. Our point-of-care test detected glanders cases in less than 15 min with a sensitivity of 90.0% (CI, 75.7 to 97.1%) and a specificity of 100.0% (CI, 95.4 to 100.0%). The microarray and dipstick can easily be adopted for the diagnosis of both B. mallei and B. pseudomallei infections in different animals. Future studies will show whether multiplex serological testing has the potential to differentiate between these pathogens.
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Tran QTL, Nguyen HV, Pham HT, Mai TV, Nguyen QHM, Le DV, Bui LNH, Hoang LTH, Hoang TQ, Trinh TT. Clinical Utility of Combined Whole-cell Antigen and Recombinant Hemolysis Co-regulated Protein 1-Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays Reveals Underdiagnosed Cases of Melioidosis in Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:tpmd211143. [PMID: 35895334 PMCID: PMC9490659 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a fatal infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. Currently, bacterial culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of the disease, but its sensitivity is relatively low. In this study, we evaluated four ELISAs using sera collected from culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis (n = 63), cases with other bacterial infections (n = 62), and healthy donors (n = 60). Antigens used for ELISAs were the whole-cell (WC) antigens and recombinant proteins of hemolysis co-regulated protein 1 (Hcp1), GroEL1, and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC). Using the cutoff values for optical density at 490 nm defined at a specificity of > 95%, the sensitivity of the WC, Hcp1, GroEL1, and AhpC ELISAs was 93.7%, 87.3%, 61.9%, and 57.1%, respectively. The combined WC/Hcp1 ELISA showed the greatest sensitivity and specificity of 98.4% and 95.1%, respectively. Of 511 and 500 sera collected from clinically suspected febrile patients admitted to the General Hospital of Ha Tinh Province and the Hue Central Hospital, respectively, combined WC/Hcp1 ELISAs showed 52 (10.2%) and 41 (8.2%) patients positive for melioidosis, respectively. The assay detected 14 of 14 (100%) and 21 of 23 (91.3%) culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis at Ha Tinh and Hue, respectively. A follow-up study of 38 patients positive for melioidosis by combined WC/Hcp1 ELISAs but negative for Burkholderia pseudomallei by culture method or not assigned to examine for bacterial culture resulted in 2 (5.3%) culture-reconfirmed patients with melioidosis, 9 (23.7%) deaths, 17 (44.7%) unhealthy patients, and 10 (26.3%) healthy persons. Combined WC/Hcp1 ELISA was a reliable serological method to detect underdiagnosed cases of melioidosis. Further investigations are needed to estimate the true sensitivity and specificity of the assay and the true number of cases of melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen T. L. Tran
- VNU-Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha V. Nguyen
- VNU-Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen T. Pham
- General Hospital of Ha Tinh Province, Ha Tinh, Vietnam
| | | | - Quyen H. M. Nguyen
- VNU-Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dzung V. Le
- General Hospital of Ha Tinh Province, Ha Tinh, Vietnam
| | - Linh N. H. Bui
- VNU-Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Trung T. Trinh
- VNU-Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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9
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Birnie E, James A, Peters F, Olajumoke M, Traore T, Bertherat E, Trinh TT, Naidoo D, Steinmetz I, Wiersinga WJ, Oladele R, Akanmu AS. Melioidosis in Africa: Time to Raise Awareness and Build Capacity for Its Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:394-397. [PMID: 35008053 PMCID: PMC8832903 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei with a mortality of up to 50% in low resource settings. Only a few cases have been reported from African countries. However, studies on the global burden of melioidosis showed that Africa holds a significant unrecognized disease burden, with Nigeria being at the top of the list. The first World Health Organization African Melioidosis Workshop was organized in Lagos, Nigeria, with representatives of health authorities, microbiology laboratories, and clinical centers from across the continent. Dedicated hands-on training was given on laboratory diagnostics of B. pseudomallei. This report summarises the meeting objectives, including raising awareness of melioidosis and building capacity for the detection, diagnosis, biosafety, treatment, and prevention across Africa. Further, collaboration with regional and international experts provided a platform for sharing ideas on best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Birnie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;,Address correspondence to Emma Birnie, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Ayorinde James
- Department of Biochemistry, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Folake Peters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Makinwa Olajumoke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tieble Traore
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Dhakar-Hub, Senegal
| | - Eric Bertherat
- Department of Infectious Hazard Management, Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Trung T. Trinh
- VNU Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Oladele
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alani S. Akanmu
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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10
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Li J, Zhong Q, Shang MY, Li M, Jiang YS, Zou JJ, Ma SS, Huang Q, Lu WP. Preliminary Evaluation of Rapid Visual Identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei Using a Newly Developed Lateral Flow Strip-Based Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (LF-RPA) System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:804737. [PMID: 35118011 PMCID: PMC8804217 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.804737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an important infectious disease pathogen that can cause melioidosis. Melioidosis is mainly prevalent in Thailand, northern Australia and southern China and has become a global public health problem. Early identification of B. pseudomallei is of great significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of melioidosis. In this study, a simple and visual device combined with lateral flow strip-based recombinase polymerase amplification (LF-RPA) was developed, and the utility of the LF-RPA assay for identifying B. pseudomallei was evaluated. In order to screen out the optimal primer probe, a total of 16 pairs of specific primers targeting the orf2 gene of B. pseudomallei type III secretion system (T3SS) cluster genes were designed for screening, and F1/R3 was selected as an optimal set of primers for the identification of B. pseudomallei, and parameters for LF-RPA were optimized. The LF-RPA can be amplified at 30-45°C and complete the entire reaction in 5-30 min. This reaction does not cross-amplify the DNA of other non-B. pseudomallei species. The limit of detection (LOD) of this assay for B. pseudomallei genomic DNA was as low as 30 femtograms (fg), which was comparable to the results of real-time PCR. Moreover, 21 clinical B. pseudomallei isolates identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were retrospectively confirmed by the newly developed LF-RPA system. Our results showed that the newly developed LF-RPA system has a simple and short time of operation and has good application prospect in the identification of B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education (M.O.E.) Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mei-Yun Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Su Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Jun Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Ping Lu, ; Qing Huang,
| | - Wei-Ping Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Ping Lu, ; Qing Huang,
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11
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Chewapreecha C, Pensar J, Chattagul S, Pesonen M, Sangphukieo A, Boonklang P, Potisap C, Koosakulnirand S, Feil EJ, Dunachie S, Chantratita N, Limmathurotsakul D, Peacock SJ, Day NPJ, Parkhill J, Thomson NR, Sermswan RW, Corander J. Co-evolutionary Signals Identify Burkholderia pseudomallei Survival Strategies in a Hostile Environment. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6400259. [PMID: 34662416 PMCID: PMC8760936 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality in many tropical and subtropical countries. The species notoriously survives harsh environmental conditions but the genetic architecture for these adaptations remains unclear. Here we employed a powerful combination of genome-wide epistasis and co-selection studies (2,011 genomes), condition-wide transcriptome analyses (82 diverse conditions), and a gene knockout assay to uncover signals of "co-selection"-that is a combination of genetic markers that have been repeatedly selected together through B. pseudomallei evolution. These enabled us to identify 13,061 mutation pairs under co-selection in distinct genes and noncoding RNA. Genes under co-selection displayed marked expression correlation when B. pseudomallei was subjected to physical stress conditions, highlighting the conditions as one of the major evolutionary driving forces for this bacterium. We identified a putative adhesin (BPSL1661) as a hub of co-selection signals, experimentally confirmed a BPSL1661 role under nutrient deprivation, and explored the functional basis of co-selection gene network surrounding BPSL1661 in facilitating the bacterial survival under nutrient depletion. Our findings suggest that nutrient-limited conditions have been the common selection pressure acting on this species, and allelic variation of BPSL1661 may have promoted B. pseudomallei survival during harsh environmental conditions by facilitating bacterial adherence to different surfaces, cells, or living hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chewapreecha
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Insitute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Program, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ; ;
| | - Johan Pensar
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Supaksorn Chattagul
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Maiju Pesonen
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Apiwat Sangphukieo
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Program, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phumrapee Boonklang
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chotima Potisap
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirikamon Koosakulnirand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward J Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nick P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Insitute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Rasana W Sermswan
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ; ;
| | - Jukka Corander
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Insitute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ; ;
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12
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Xu K, Lian F, Quan Y, Liu J, Yin L, Li X, Tian S, Pei H, Xia Q. Septicemic Melioidosis Detection Using Support Vector Machine with Five Immune Cell Types. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8668978. [PMID: 34912476 PMCID: PMC8668356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8668978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), predominantly occurs in the tropical regions. Of various types of melioidosis, septicemic melioidosis is the most lethal one with a mortality rate of 40%. Early detection of the disease is paramount for the better chances of cure. In this study, we developed a novel approach for septicemic melioidosis detection, using a machine learning technique-support vector machine (SVM). Several SVM models were built, and 19 features characterized by the corresponding immune cell types were generated by Cell type Identification Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT). Using these features, we trained a binomial SVM model on the training set and evaluated it on the independent testing set. Our findings indicated that this model performed well with means of sensitivity and specificity up to 0.962 and 0.979, respectively. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis gave area under curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.952 to 1.000. Furthermore, we found that a concise SVM model, built upon a combination of CD8+ T cells, resting CD4+ memory T cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages, and activated mast cells, worked perfectly on the detection of septicemic melioidosis. Our data showed that its mean of sensitivity was up to 0.976 while that of specificity up to 0.993. In addition, the ROC curve analysis gave AUC close to 1.000. Taken together, this SVM model is a robust classification tool and may serve as a complementary diagnostic technique to septicemic melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fang Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yunfan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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13
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Lantong K, Songsri J, Wisessombat S, Mala W, Prommachote W, Senghoi W, Kotepui M, Kaewrakmuk J, Jiranantasak T, Tuanyok A, Klangbud WK. Use of Recombinant Escherichia coli Strains in Immunofluorescence Assays for Melioidosis Diagnosis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050559. [PMID: 34066462 PMCID: PMC8148196 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis in humans and animals in the tropics. The clinical manifestations of melioidosis are diverse, ranging from localized infections to whole-body sepsis. The effective serological method is crucial for the point-of-care diagnosis of melioidosis. The aim of this study was to develop indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA)-based methods for detecting immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in melioidosis patients. These methods use whole-cell antigens made from recombinant E. coli strains that express major B. pseudomallei antigens, including TssM, OmpH, AhpC, BimA, and Hcp1. A total of 271 serum samples from culture-confirmed melioidosis patients (n = 81), patients with other known infections (n = 70), and healthy donors (n = 120) were tested. Our study showed that the recombinant TssM strain had the highest performance, with 92.6% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 96.9% negative predictive value, 97.8% efficiency, 97.0% accuracy, and no cross-reactivity. The method agreement analysis based on k efficiency calculations showed that all five IFA methods perfectly agreed with the standard culturing method, while the traditional indirect hemagglutination (IHA) method moderately agreed with the culture. In summary, our investigations showed that the TssM-IFA method could be used for melioidosis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoknart Lantong
- Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
- Center of Excellent Research for Melioidosis (CERM), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (J.S.); (S.W.); (W.M.); (W.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Jirarat Songsri
- Center of Excellent Research for Melioidosis (CERM), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (J.S.); (S.W.); (W.M.); (W.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Sueptrakool Wisessombat
- Center of Excellent Research for Melioidosis (CERM), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (J.S.); (S.W.); (W.M.); (W.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Wanida Mala
- Center of Excellent Research for Melioidosis (CERM), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (J.S.); (S.W.); (W.M.); (W.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Warinda Prommachote
- Center of Excellent Research for Melioidosis (CERM), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (J.S.); (S.W.); (W.M.); (W.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Wilaiwan Senghoi
- Center of Excellent Research for Melioidosis (CERM), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (J.S.); (S.W.); (W.M.); (W.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Jedsada Kaewrakmuk
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Treenate Jiranantasak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Apichai Tuanyok
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (T.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
- Center of Excellent Research for Melioidosis (CERM), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (J.S.); (S.W.); (W.M.); (W.P.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-75-67-2618
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14
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BipD of Burkholderia pseudomallei: Structure, Functions, and Detection Methods. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040711. [PMID: 33808203 PMCID: PMC8067316 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), a Gram-negative environmental bacterium. It is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, but it is underreported in many other countries. The principal routes of entry for B. pseudomallei are skin penetration, inhalation, and ingestion. It mainly affects immunocompromised populations, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis is challenging due to its non-specific clinical manifestations, which mimic other severe infections. The culture method is considered an imperfect gold standard for the diagnosis of melioidosis due to its low sensitivity. Antibody detection has low sensitivity and specificity due to the high seropositivity among healthy people in endemic regions. Antigen detection using various proteins has been tested for the rapid determination of B. pseudomallei; however, it presents certain limitations in terms of its sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this review aims to frame the present knowledge of a potential target known as the Burkholderia invasion protein D (BipD), including future directions for its detection using an aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor).
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15
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Kritsiriwuthinan K, Wajanarogana S, Choosang K, Pimklang T. Comparison of Dot ELISA Using GroEL Recombinant Protein as an Antigen and an Indirect Hemagglutination Assay for Serodiagnosis of Melioidosis. Open Microbiol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802115010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Melioidosis is a disease caused by the Burkholderia pseudomallei bacterium. The mortality rate of infected patients is quite high because the symptoms are similar to those of various diseases, making it difficult to diagnose clinically and preventing the immediate treatment with effective antibiotics that is required for the management of acute infections. To provide appropriate treatment, accurate and rapid diagnosis is required.
Objective:
The aims of this study were to develop Dot ELISA using purified GroEL B. pseudomallei recombinant protein as an antigen and to compare the newly developed assay with an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of melioidosis.
Methods:
The GroEL recombinant protein was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography before being used as an antigen. The optimal conditions of the Dot ELISA were determined and used for subsequent experiments. A total of 291 serum samples were evaluated by the established Dot ELISA and IHA, using the bacterial culture method as the gold standard of melioidosis diagnosis.
Results:
The results from Dot ELISA and IHA revealed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.7% (Dot ELISA)/64.3% (IHA), 94.4%/85.5%, and 93.1%/82.5%, respectively.
Conclusion:
These results indicate that the Dot ELISA developed is an efficient, simple, rapid and cost-effective technique for the early diagnosis of melioidosis and can be used in a local laboratory without specialized equipment.
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16
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Welkos S, Blanco I, Okaro U, Chua J, DeShazer D. A DUF4148 family protein produced inside RAW264.7 cells is a critical Burkholderia pseudomallei virulence factor. Virulence 2020; 11:1041-1058. [PMID: 32835600 PMCID: PMC7549894 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1806675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei: is the etiological agent of the disease melioidosis and is a Tier 1 select agent. It survives and replicates inside phagocytic cells by escaping from the endocytic vacuole, replicating in the cytosol, spreading to other cells via actin polymerization and promoting the fusion of infected and uninfected host cells to form multinucleated giant cells. In this study, we utilized a proteomics approach to identify bacterial proteins produced inside RAW264.7 murine macrophages and host proteins produced in response to B. pseudomallei infection. Cells infected with B. pseudomallei strain K96243 were lysed and the lysate proteins digested and analyzed using nanoflow reversed-phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Approximately 160 bacterial proteins were identified in the infected macrophages, including BimA, TssA, TssB, Hcp1 and TssM. Several previously uncharacterized B. pseudomallei proteins were also identified, including BPSS1996 and BPSL2748. Mutations were constructed in the genes encoding these novel proteins and their relative virulence was assessed in BALB/c mice. The 50% lethal dose for the BPSS1996 mutant was approximately 55-fold higher than that of the wild type, suggesting that BPSS1996 is required for full virulence. Sera from B. pseudomallei-infected animals reacted with BPSS1996 and it was found to localize to the bacterial surface using indirect immunofluorescence. Finally, we identified 274 host proteins that were exclusively present or absent in infected RAW264.7 cells, including chemokines and cytokines involved in controlling the initial stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Welkos
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Irma Blanco
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Udoka Okaro
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Chua
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David DeShazer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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17
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Wagner GE, Föderl-Höbenreich E, Assig K, Lipp M, Berner A, Kohler C, Lichtenegger S, Stiehler J, Karoonboonyanan W, Thanapattarapairoj N, Promkong C, Koosakulnirand S, Chaichana P, Ehricht R, Gad AM, Söffing HH, Dunachie SJ, Chantratita N, Steinmetz I. Melioidosis DS rapid test: A standardized serological dipstick assay with increased sensitivity and reliability due to multiplex detection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008452. [PMID: 32658917 PMCID: PMC7416965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a severe infectious disease with high mortality rates, but is under-recognized worldwide. In endemic areas, there is a great need for simple, low-cost and rapid diagnostic tools. In a previous study we showed, that a protein multiplex array with 20 B. pseudomallei-specific antigens detects antibodies in melioidosis patients with high sensitivity and specificity. In a subsequent study the high potential of anti-B. pseudomallei antibody detection was confirmed using a rapid Hcp1 single protein-based assay. Our protein array also showed that the antibody profile varies between patients, possibly due to a combination of host factors but also antigen variations in the infecting B. pseudomallei strains. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid test, combining Hcp1 and the best performing antigens BPSL2096, BPSL2697 and BPSS0477 from our previous study, to take advantage of simultaneous antibody detection. Methods and principal findings The 4-plex dipstick was validated with sera from 75 patients on admission plus control groups, achieving 92% sensitivity and 97–100% specificity. We then re-evaluated melioidosis sera with the 4-plex assay that were previously misclassified by the monoplex Hcp1 rapid test. 12 out of 55 (21.8%) false-negative samples were positive in our new dipstick assay. Among those, 4 sera (7.3%) were Hcp1 positive, whereas 8 (14.5%) sera remained Hcp1 negative but gave a positive reaction with our additional antigens. Conclusions Our dipstick rapid test represents an inexpensive, standardized and simple diagnostic tool with an improved serodiagnostic performance due to multiplex detection. Each additional band on the test strip makes a false-positive result more unlikely, contributing to its reliability. Future prospective studies will seek to validate the gain in sensitivity and specificity of our multiplex rapid test approach in different melioidosis patient cohorts. The Gram-negative environmental pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, causes the severe disease melioidosis. It is highly endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia, but recent studies suggest that it is also present in many other parts of the world where it is severely underreported. The latter results from the extremely variable and non-specific clinical manifestations of the disease, lack of clinical recognition, and the global scarcity of good quality laboratories to allow diagnosis from microbiological culture. This is even more unfortunate, as early diagnosis of the disease is indispensable for an effective therapy, since B. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics used for empirical treatment in endemic areas. Therefore, the development of new, standardized and sensitive tools is of high importance for both diagnostics and epidemiology. We focused on the development of a dipstick assay, which is based on the detection of serum antibodies against four B. pseudomallei specific protein antigens. Here we present a cost effective, simple and rapid melioidosis assay with improved sensitivity that does not depend on sophisticated laboratory equipment and therefore addresses most of the before mentioned obstacles and is easy to manufacture in large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Wagner
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esther Föderl-Höbenreich
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karoline Assig
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Lipp
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Berner
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute for Medical Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Lichtenegger
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Stiehler
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Chidchanok Promkong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Nakhon Phanom Hospital, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
| | - Sirikamon Koosakulnirand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panjaporn Chaichana
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Gad
- Senova Gesellschaft für Biowissenschaft und Technik mbH, Weimar, Germany
| | - Hans H. Söffing
- Senova Gesellschaft für Biowissenschaft und Technik mbH, Weimar, Germany
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Adapting Microarray Gene Expression Signatures for Early Melioidosis Diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.01906-19. [PMID: 32350042 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01906-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and is predominantly seen in tropical regions. The clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are nonspecific and often result in misdiagnosis, failure of treatment, and poor clinical outcome. Septicemia with septic shock is the most common cause of death, with mortality rates above 40%. Bacterial culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it has low sensitivity and takes days to produce definitive results. Early laboratory diagnosis can help guide physicians to provide treatment specific to B. pseudomallei In our study, we adapted host gene expression signatures obtained from microarray data of B. pseudomallei-infected cases to develop a real-time PCR diagnostic test using two differentially expressed genes, AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) and FAM26F (family with sequence similarity 26, member F). We tested blood from 33 patients with B. pseudomallei infections and 29 patients with other bacterial infections to validate the test and determine cutoff values for use in a cascading diagnostic algorithm. Differentiation of septicemic melioidosis from other sepsis cases had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 93%, and negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) of 82% and 93%, respectively. Separation of cases likely to be melioidosis from those unlikely to be melioidosis in nonbacteremic situations showed a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 54%, and NPV and PPV of 44% and 50%, respectively. We suggest that our AIM2 and FAM26F expression combination algorithm could be beneficial for early melioidosis diagnosis, offering a result within 24 h of admission.
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19
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Pumpuang A, Phunpang R, Ekchariyawat P, Dulsuk A, Loupha S, Kwawong K, Charoensawat Y, Thiansukhon E, Day NPJ, Burtnick MN, Brett PJ, West TE, Chantratita N. Distinct classes and subclasses of antibodies to hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 and O-polysaccharide and correlation with clinical characteristics of melioidosis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13972. [PMID: 31562344 PMCID: PMC6764960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei that results in high mortality. Hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 (Hcp1) and O-polysaccharide (OPS) are vaccine candidates and potential diagnostic antigens. The correlation of classes/subclasses of antibodies against these antigens with clinical characteristics of melioidosis patients is unknown. Antibodies in plasma samples from melioidosis patients and healthy donors were quantified by ELISA and compared with clinical features. In melioidosis patients, Hcp1 induced high IgG levels. OPS induced high IgG and IgA levels. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) to discriminate melioidosis cases from healthy donors was highest for anti-Hcp1 IgG (0.92) compared to anti-Hcp1 IgA or IgM. In contrast, AUROCC for anti-OPS for IgG (0.91) and IgA (0.92) were comparable. Anti-Hcp1 IgG1 and anti-OPS IgG2 had the greatest AUROCCs (0.87 and 0.95, respectively) compared to other IgG subclasses for each antigen. Survivors had significantly higher anti-Hcp1 IgG3 levels than non-survivors. Male melioidosis patients with diabetes had higher anti-OPS IgA levels than males without diabetes. Thus, diverse and specific antibody responses are associated with distinct clinical characteristics in melioidosis, confirming the diagnostic utility of these responses and providing new insights into immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Pumpuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Phunpang
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peeraya Ekchariyawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adul Dulsuk
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriorn Loupha
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kochnipa Kwawong
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowaree Charoensawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary N Burtnick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Paul J Brett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - T Eoin West
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, and International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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20
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Monecke S, Syed MA, Khan MA, Ahmed S, Tabassum S, Gawlik D, Müller E, Reissig A, Braun SD, Ehricht R. Genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from sepsis patients in Pakistan and detection of antibodies against staphylococcal virulence factors. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:85-92. [PMID: 31482419 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain more information on the MRSA population structure in the border region of Afghanistan and Pakistan, we collected and genotyped MRSA causing bloodstream infections from a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, that serves the local population as well as Afghan immigrants and refugees. Thirty-one MRSA isolates from 30 patients were included and characterized by microarray hybridisation. For 25 patients, serum samples were tested using protein microarrays in order to detect antibodies against staphylococcal virulence factors. The most conspicuous result was the high rate of PVL-positive MRSA. Twenty-two isolates (71%) harboured lukF/S-PV genes. The most common lineage was CC772-MRSA-V/VT (PVL+) to which eleven isolates were assigned. The second most common strain was, surprisingly, CC8-MRSA-[IV+ACME] (PVL+), "USA300" (9 isolates). Two isolates were tst1 positive CC22-MRSA-IV, matching the Middle Eastern "Gaza Epidemic Strain". Another two were PVL-positive CC30-MRSA-IV. The remaining isolates belonged to, possibly locally emerging, CC1, CC5, and CC8 strains with SCC mec IV elements. Twenty-three patient sera were positive for anti-PVL-IgG antibodies. Several questions arise from the present study. It can be assumed that MRSA and high rates of PVL-positive S. aureus/MRSA are a public health issue in the Afghanistan/Pakistan border region. A possible emergence of the "USA300" clone as well as of the CC772 lineage warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany. .,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
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21
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Loreck K, Mitrenga S, Meemken D, Heinze R, Reissig A, Mueller E, Ehricht R, Engemann C, Greiner M. Development of a miniaturized protein microarray as a new serological IgG screening test for zoonotic agents and production diseases in pigs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217290. [PMID: 31116794 PMCID: PMC6530865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to monitor the occurrence of zoonotic agents in pig herds as well as to improve herd health management, the development of new cost-effective diagnostic methods for pigs is necessary. In this study, a protein microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against different zoonotic agents and pathogens causing production diseases in pigs was developed. Therefore, antigens of ten different important swine pathogens (Toxoplasma gondii, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Trichinella spp., Mycobacterium avium, Hepatitis E virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Influenza A virus) were spotted and covalently immobilized as 'antigen-spots' on microarray chips in order to test pig serum for the occurrence of antibodies. Pig serum was sampled at three German abattoirs and ELISA tests for the different pathogens were conducted with the purpose of creating a panel of reference samples for microarray analysis. To evaluate the accuracy of the antigens on the microarray, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using the ELISA test results as reference was performed for the different antigens. High area under curve values were achieved for the antigens of two zoonotic agents: Toxoplasma gondii (0.91), Yersinia enterocolitica (0.97) and for three production diseases: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (0.77), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (0.94) and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (0.87). With the help of the newly developed microarray assay, collecting data on the occurrence of antibodies against zoonotic agents and production diseases in pig herds could be minimized to one measurement, resulting in an efficient screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Loreck
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sylvia Mitrenga
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Meemken
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Annett Reissig
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Department for Optical Molecular Diagnostics and Systems Technology, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Mueller
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Department for Optical Molecular Diagnostics and Systems Technology, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Department for Optical Molecular Diagnostics and Systems Technology, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Centre for Applied Research, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Greiner
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Exposure, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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22
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Yi J, Simpanya MF, Settles EW, Shannon AB, Hernandez K, Pristo L, Keener ME, Hornstra H, Busch JD, Soffler C, Brett PJ, Currie BJ, Bowen RA, Tuanyok A, Keim P. Caprine humoral response to Burkholderia pseudomallei antigens during acute melioidosis from aerosol exposure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006851. [PMID: 30811382 PMCID: PMC6411198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a common source of pneumonia and sepsis in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia that results in high mortality rates. A caprine melioidosis model of aerosol infection that leads to a systemic infection has the potential to characterize the humoral immune response. This could help identify immunogenic proteins for new diagnostics and vaccine candidates. Outbred goats may more accurately mimic human infection, in contrast to the inbred mouse models used to date. B. pseudomallei infection was delivered as an intratracheal aerosol. Antigenic protein profiling was generated from the infecting strain MSHR511. Humoral immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and western blot, and the antigenic proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Throughout the course of the infection the assay results demonstrated a much greater humoral response with IgG antibodies, in both breadth and quantity, compared to IgM antibodies. Pre-infection sera showed multiple immunogenic proteins already reactive for IgG (7-20) and IgM (0-12) in most of the goats despite no previous exposure to B. pseudomallei. After infection, the number of IgG reactive proteins showed a marked increase as the disease progressed. Early stage infection (day 7) showed immune reaction to chaperone proteins (GroEL, EF-Tu, and DnaK). These three proteins were detected in all serum samples after infection, with GroEL immunogenically dominant. Seven common reactive antigens were selected for further analysis using ELISA. The heat shock protein GroEL1 elicited the strongest goat antibody immune response compared to the other six antigens. Most of the six antigens showed the peak IgM reactivity at day 14, whereas the IgG reactivity increased further as the disease progressed. An overall MSHR511 proteomic comparison between the goat model and human sera showed that many immune reactive proteins are common between humans and goats with melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Yi
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mukoma F. Simpanya
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erik W. Settles
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Austin B. Shannon
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen Hernandez
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lauren Pristo
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mitchell E. Keener
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Heidie Hornstra
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Busch
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Carl Soffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Brett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Bart J. Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research and Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Apichai Tuanyok
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paul Keim
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
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23
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Chaichana P, Jenjaroen K, Amornchai P, Chumseng S, Langla S, Rongkard P, Sumonwiriya M, Jeeyapant A, Chantratita N, Teparrukkul P, Limmathurotsakul D, Day NPJ, Wuthiekanun V, Dunachie SJ. Antibodies in Melioidosis: The Role of the Indirect Hemagglutination Assay in Evaluating Patients and Exposed Populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:1378-1385. [PMID: 30298810 PMCID: PMC6283516 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a major neglected tropical disease with high mortality, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp). Microbiological culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis, but a simpler and more readily available test such as an antibody assay is highly desirable. In this study, we conducted a serological survey of blood donors (n = 1,060) and adult melioidosis patients (n = 200) in northeast Thailand to measure the antibody response to Bp using the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). We found that 38% of healthy adults (aged 17-59 years) have seropositivity (IHA titer ≥ 1:80). The seropositivity in healthy blood donors was associated with having a declared occupation of rice farmer and with residence in a nonurban area, but not with gender or age. In the melioidosis cohort, the seropositivity rate was higher in adult patients aged between 18 and 45 years (90%, 37/41) compared with those aged ≥ 45 years (68%, 108/159, P = 0.004). The seropositivity rate was significantly higher in people with diabetes (P = 0.008). Seropositivity was associated with decreased mortality on univariable analysis (P = 0.005), but not on multivariable analysis when adjusted for age, diabetes status, preexisting renal disease, and neutrophil count. This study confirms the presence of high background antibodies in an endemic region and demonstrates the limitations of using IHA during acute melioidosis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjaporn Chaichana
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kemajittra Jenjaroen
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Premjit Amornchai
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchintana Chumseng
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sayan Langla
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patpong Rongkard
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Atthanee Jeeyapant
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapit Teparrukkul
- Medical Department, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. J. Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Clinical presentation and treatment of melioidosis in the head and neck region. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2018; 132:827-831. [PMID: 30180912 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215118001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although melioidosis in the head and neck region is uncommon, it is a potentially life-threatening infection. Thus, early diagnosis and proper management are very important. OBJECTIVES To report the clinical presentation and management of melioidosis in the head and neck. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted from 1 January 2013 to 31 October 2016 in Mukdahan Hospital, Thailand. Case records of patients who had presented with culture-positive melioidosis were analysed. RESULTS Medical records of 49 patients (23 males and 26 females) were analysed. Patients ranged in age from 1 to 75 years. Clinical presentations included 22 parotid abscesses, 16 neck abscesses and 11 suppurative lymphadenitis cases. Only 35 patients (71 per cent) had high indirect haemagglutination assay titres of ≥ 1:160 (95 per cent confidence interval = 45.35-88.28). Almost half of the patients received intravenous ceftazidime and subsequently oral co-trimoxazole. Oral antibiotic regimens were prescribed for mild localised melioidosis. Overall, 95.65 per cent of patients were in remission and no relapses were observed (95 per cent confidence interval = 85.47-98.80). CONCLUSION Careful clinical correlation and proper investigation are required to establish an early diagnosis of melioidosis and to initiate appropriate treatment.
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25
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A novel synthetic peptide microarray assay detects Chlamydia species-specific antibodies in animal and human sera. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4701. [PMID: 29549361 PMCID: PMC5856796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological analysis of Chlamydia (C.) spp. infections is still mainly based on micro-immunofluorescence and ELISA. To overcome the limitations of conventional serology, we have designed a novel microarray carrying 52 synthetic peptides representing B-cell epitopes from immunodominant proteins of all 11 chlamydial species. The new assay has been validated using monospecific mouse hyperimmune sera. Subsequently, serum samples from cattle, sheep and humans with a known history of chlamydial infection were examined. For instance, the specific humoral response of sheep to treatment with a C. abortus vaccine has been visualized against a background of C. pecorum carriership. In samples from humans, dual infection with C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae could be demonstrated. The experiments revealed that the peptide microarray assay was capable of simultaneously identifying specific antibodies to each Chlamydia spp. The actual assay represents an open platform test that can be complemented through future advances in Chlamydia proteome research. The concept of the highly parallel multi-antigen microarray proven in this study has the potential to enhance our understanding of antibody responses by defining not only a single quantitative response, but also the pattern of this response. The added value of using peptide antigens will consist in unprecedented serodiagnostic specificity.
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26
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Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium and the aetiological agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening infection that is estimated to account for ∼89,000 deaths per year worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for melioidosis, and the global diabetes pandemic could increase the number of fatalities caused by melioidosis. Melioidosis is endemic across tropical areas, especially in southeast Asia and northern Australia. Disease manifestations can range from acute septicaemia to chronic infection, as the facultative intracellular lifestyle and virulence factors of B. pseudomallei promote survival and persistence of the pathogen within a broad range of cells, and the bacteria can manipulate the host's immune responses and signalling pathways to escape surveillance. The majority of patients present with sepsis, but specific clinical presentations and their severity vary depending on the route of bacterial entry (skin penetration, inhalation or ingestion), host immune function and bacterial strain and load. Diagnosis is based on clinical and epidemiological features as well as bacterial culture. Treatment requires long-term intravenous and oral antibiotic courses. Delays in treatment due to difficulties in clinical recognition and laboratory diagnosis often lead to poor outcomes and mortality can exceed 40% in some regions. Research into B. pseudomallei is increasing, owing to the biothreat potential of this pathogen and increasing awareness of the disease and its burden; however, better diagnostic tests are needed to improve early confirmation of diagnosis, which would enable better therapeutic efficacy and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Joost Wiersinga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Rm. G2-132, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harjeet S Virk
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bart J Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A B Dance
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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