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Hirsch BT, Kays R, Alavi S, Caillaud D, Havmoller R, Mares R, Crofoot M. Smarter foragers do not forage smarter: a test of the diet hypothesis for brain expansion. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240138. [PMID: 38808448 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A leading hypothesis for the evolution of large brains in humans and other species is that a feedback loop exists whereby intelligent animals forage more efficiently, which results in increased energy intake that fuels the growth and maintenance of large brains. We test this hypothesis for the first time with high-resolution tracking data from four sympatric, frugivorous rainforest mammal species (42 individuals) and drone-based maps of their predominant feeding trees. We found no evidence that larger-brained primates had more efficient foraging paths than smaller brained procyonids. This refutes a key assumption of the fruit-diet hypothesis for brain evolution, suggesting that other factors such as temporal cognition, extractive foraging or sociality have been more important for brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben T Hirsch
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panamá
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Roland Kays
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panamá
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shauhin Alavi
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Damien Caillaud
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rasmus Havmoller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Rafael Mares
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panamá
| | - Margaret Crofoot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panamá
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Molleman F, Granados‐Tello J, Chapman CA, Tammaru T. Fruit‐feeding butterflies depend on adult food for reproduction: Evidence from longitudinal body mass and abundance data. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Freerk Molleman
- Department of Systematic Zoology Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | | | - Colin A. Chapman
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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3
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Garzon‐Lopez CX, Barcenas EM, Ordoñez A, Jansen PA, Bohlman SA, Olff H. Recruitment limitation in three large‐seeded plant species in a tropical moist forest. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol X. Garzon‐Lopez
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Ecology and plant physiology group (Ecofiv) Universidad de los Andes Bogota Colombia
| | | | - Alejandro Ordoñez
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Bioscience Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Patrick A. Jansen
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Ancon Panama
- Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie A. Bohlman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Ancon Panama
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Han Olff
- Conservation Ecology Group Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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Havmøller LW, Loftus JC, Havmøller RW, Alavi SE, Caillaud D, Grote MN, Hirsch BT, Tórrez‐Herrera LL, Kays R, Crofoot MC. Arboreal monkeys facilitate foraging of terrestrial frugivores. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea W. Havmøller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Research and Collections University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis Davis California USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancón Republic of Panama
| | - J. Carter Loftus
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis Davis California USA
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Rasmus W. Havmøller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Research and Collections University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Shauhin E. Alavi
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Damien Caillaud
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Mark N. Grote
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Ben T. Hirsch
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancón Republic of Panama
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Douglas Queensland Australia
| | | | - Roland Kays
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancón Republic of Panama
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Margaret C. Crofoot
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis Davis California USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancón Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
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5
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Baldeck CA, Asner GP, Martin RE, Anderson CB, Knapp DE, Kellner JR, Wright SJ. Operational Tree Species Mapping in a Diverse Tropical Forest with Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118403. [PMID: 26153693 PMCID: PMC4496029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote identification and mapping of canopy tree species can contribute valuable information towards our understanding of ecosystem biodiversity and function over large spatial scales. However, the extreme challenges posed by highly diverse, closed-canopy tropical forests have prevented automated remote species mapping of non-flowering tree crowns in these ecosystems. We set out to identify individuals of three focal canopy tree species amongst a diverse background of tree and liana species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, using airborne imaging spectroscopy data. First, we compared two leading single-class classification methods--binary support vector machine (SVM) and biased SVM--for their performance in identifying pixels of a single focal species. From this comparison we determined that biased SVM was more precise and created a multi-species classification model by combining the three biased SVM models. This model was applied to the imagery to identify pixels belonging to the three focal species and the prediction results were then processed to create a map of focal species crown objects. Crown-level cross-validation of the training data indicated that the multi-species classification model had pixel-level producer's accuracies of 94-97% for the three focal species, and field validation of the predicted crown objects indicated that these had user's accuracies of 94-100%. Our results demonstrate the ability of high spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing to accurately detect non-flowering crowns of focal species within a diverse tropical forest. We attribute the success of our model to recent classification and mapping techniques adapted to species detection in diverse closed-canopy forests, which can pave the way for remote species mapping in a wider variety of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Baldeck
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Asner
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Robin E. Martin
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Anderson
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - David E. Knapp
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - James R. Kellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Garzon-Lopez CX, Bohlman SA, Olff H, Jansen PA. Mapping Tropical Forest Trees Using High-Resolution Aerial Digital Photographs. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol X. Garzon-Lopez
- Community and Conservation Ecology, University of Groningen, Center of Life Sciences; Nijenborgh 7; 9747; AG Groningen; The Netherlands
| | | | - Han Olff
- Community and Conservation Ecology, University of Groningen, Center of Life Sciences; Nijenborgh 7; 9747; AG Groningen; The Netherlands
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Côrtes MC, Uriarte M. Integrating frugivory and animal movement: a review of the evidence and implications for scaling seed dispersal. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012; 88:255-72. [PMID: 23136896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2012.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
General principles about the consequences of seed dispersal by animals for the structure and dynamics of plant populations and communities remain elusive. This is in part because seed deposition patterns emerge from interactions between frugivore behaviour and the distribution of food resources, both of which can vary over space and time. Here we advocate a frugivore-centred, process-based, synthetic approach to seed dispersal research that integrates seed dispersal ecology and animal movement across multiple spatio-temporal scales. To guide this synthesis, we survey existing literature using paradigms from seed dispersal and animal movement. Specifically, studies are discussed with respect to five criteria: selection of focal organisms (animal or plant); measurement of animal movement; characterization of seed shadow; animal, plant and environmental factors included in the study; and scales of the study. Most studies focused on either frugivores or plants and characterized seed shadows directly by combining gut retention time with animal movement data or indirectly by conducting maternity analysis of seeds. Although organismal traits and environmental factors were often measured, they were seldom used to characterize seed shadows. Multi-scale analyses were rare, with seed shadows mostly characterized at fine spatial scales, over single fruiting seasons, and for individual dispersers. Novel animal- and seed-tracking technologies, remote environmental monitoring tools, and advances in analytical methods can enable effective implementation of a hierarchical mechanistic approach to the study of seed dispersal. This kind of mechanistic approach will provide novel insights regarding the complex interplay between the factors that modulate animal behaviour and subsequently influence seed dispersal patterns across spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Corrêa Côrtes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University in City of New York, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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Survival of Dipteryx oleifera (Fabaceae) trees after Hurricane Ida in Nicaragua. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467412000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The impact of hurricanes on tropical forests has been well documented in recent decades, with hurricane disturbance hypothesized to be a leading contributor to maintenance of the high diversity of trees in lowland tropical rain forests (Frangi & Lugo 1991, Vandermeer et al. 2000). Hurricanes have a heterogeneous impact both on landscapes and tree species (Liu & Fearn 2000, Walker et al. 1996). Damage to trees can take many forms, from leaf loss to stem snapping to uprooting, and is variable across the landscape due to topography, wind speed, direction and tree density (Walker 1995).
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Lasky JR, Keitt TH. The Effect of Spatial Structure of Pasture Tree Cover on Avian Frugivores in Eastern Amazonia. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Lasky
- Section of Integrative Biology; University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station A6700; 78712-0253; Austin; Texas
| | - Timothy H. Keitt
- Section of Integrative Biology; University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station A6700; 78712-0253; Austin; Texas
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved maps of species distributions are important for effective management of wildlife under increasing anthropogenic pressures. Recent advances in lidar and radar remote sensing have shown considerable potential for mapping forest structure and habitat characteristics across landscapes. However, their relative efficacies and integrated use in habitat mapping remain largely unexplored. We evaluated the use of lidar, radar and multispectral remote sensing data in predicting multi-year bird detections or prevalence for 8 migratory songbird species in the unfragmented temperate deciduous forests of New Hampshire, USA. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A set of 104 predictor variables describing vegetation vertical structure and variability from lidar, phenology from multispectral data and backscatter properties from radar data were derived. We tested the accuracies of these variables in predicting prevalence using Random Forests regression models. All data sets showed more than 30% predictive power with radar models having the lowest and multi-sensor synergy ("fusion") models having highest accuracies. Fusion explained between 54% and 75% variance in prevalence for all the birds considered. Stem density from discrete return lidar and phenology from multispectral data were among the best predictors. Further analysis revealed different relationships between the remote sensing metrics and bird prevalence. Spatial maps of prevalence were consistent with known habitat preferences for the bird species. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE Our results highlight the potential of integrating multiple remote sensing data sets using machine-learning methods to improve habitat mapping. Multi-dimensional habitat structure maps such as those generated from this study can significantly advance forest management and ecological research by facilitating fine-scale studies at both stand and landscape level.
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Swatantran A, Dubayah R, Goetz S, Hofton M, Betts MG, Sun M, Simard M, Holmes R. Mapping migratory bird prevalence using remote sensing data fusion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28922. [PMID: 22235254 PMCID: PMC3250393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improved maps of species distributions are important for effective management of wildlife under increasing anthropogenic pressures. Recent advances in lidar and radar remote sensing have shown considerable potential for mapping forest structure and habitat characteristics across landscapes. However, their relative efficacies and integrated use in habitat mapping remain largely unexplored. We evaluated the use of lidar, radar and multispectral remote sensing data in predicting multi-year bird detections or prevalence for 8 migratory songbird species in the unfragmented temperate deciduous forests of New Hampshire, USA. Methodology and Principal Findings A set of 104 predictor variables describing vegetation vertical structure and variability from lidar, phenology from multispectral data and backscatter properties from radar data were derived. We tested the accuracies of these variables in predicting prevalence using Random Forests regression models. All data sets showed more than 30% predictive power with radar models having the lowest and multi-sensor synergy (“fusion”) models having highest accuracies. Fusion explained between 54% and 75% variance in prevalence for all the birds considered. Stem density from discrete return lidar and phenology from multispectral data were among the best predictors. Further analysis revealed different relationships between the remote sensing metrics and bird prevalence. Spatial maps of prevalence were consistent with known habitat preferences for the bird species. Conclusion and Significance Our results highlight the potential of integrating multiple remote sensing data sets using machine-learning methods to improve habitat mapping. Multi-dimensional habitat structure maps such as those generated from this study can significantly advance forest management and ecological research by facilitating fine-scale studies at both stand and landscape level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Swatantran
- College Park, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States of America.
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12
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Abstract
Principles of self-organization play an increasingly central role in models of human activity. Notably, individual human displacements exhibit strongly recurrent patterns that are characterized by scaling laws and can be mechanistically modelled as self-attracting walks. Recurrence is not, however, unique to human displacements. Here we report that the mobility patterns of wild capuchin monkeys are not random walks, and they exhibit recurrence properties similar to those of cell phone users, suggesting spatial cognition mechanisms shared with humans. We also show that the highly uneven visitation patterns within monkey home ranges are not entirely self-generated but are forced by spatio-temporal habitat heterogeneities. If models of human mobility are to become useful tools for predictive purposes, they will need to consider the interaction between memory and environmental heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Boyer
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF, Mexico.
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Sánchez-Azofeifa A, Rivard B, Wright J, Feng JL, Li P, Chong MM, Bohlman SA. Estimation of the distribution of Tabebuia guayacan (Bignoniaceae) using high-resolution remote sensing imagery. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 11:3831-51. [PMID: 22163825 PMCID: PMC3231335 DOI: 10.3390/s110403831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Species identification and characterization in tropical environments is an emerging field in tropical remote sensing. Significant efforts are currently aimed at the detection of tree species, of levels of forest successional stages, and the extent of liana occurrence at the top of canopies. In this paper we describe our use of high resolution imagery from the Quickbird Satellite to estimate the flowering population of Tabebuia guayacan trees at Barro Colorado Island (BCI), in Panama. The imagery was acquired on 29 April 2002 and 21 March 2004. Spectral Angle Mapping via a One-Class Support Vector machine was used to detect the presence of 422 and 557 flowering tress in the April 2002 and March 2004 imagery. Of these, 273 flowering trees are common to both dates. This study presents a new perspective on the effectiveness of high resolution remote sensing for monitoring a phenological response and its use as a tool for potential conservation and management of natural resources in tropical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sánchez-Azofeifa
- Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS) and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; E-Mails: (B.R.); (J.F.); (M.M.C.)
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama; E-Mail: (S.J.W.)
| | - Benoit Rivard
- Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS) and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; E-Mails: (B.R.); (J.F.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama; E-Mail: (S.J.W.)
| | - Ji-Lu Feng
- Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS) and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; E-Mails: (B.R.); (J.F.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Peijun Li
- Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; E-Mail:
| | - Mei Mei Chong
- Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS) and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; E-Mails: (B.R.); (J.F.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Stephanie A. Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; E-Mail:
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