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Zubkova E, Dergilev K, Beloglazova I, Kalinin A, Guseva A, Andreev A, Partigulov S, Lepilin M, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y. Paracrine Responses of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells to Cytokines and TLR Ligands: A Comparative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17278. [PMID: 38139105 PMCID: PMC10743612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are currently being evaluated in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine. The effectiveness of transplanted CDCs is largely attributed to their ability to release beneficial soluble factors to enhance therapeutic effects. An emerging area of research is the pretreatment of stem cells, including CDCs, with various cytokines to improve their therapeutic properties. This strategy aims to enhance their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and paracrine activities after transplantation. In our study, we investigated the differential effects of various cytokines and TLR ligands on the secretory phenotype of human CDCs. Using a magnetic bead-based immunoassay, we analyzed the CDCs-conditioned media for 41 cytokines and growth factors and detected the presence of 21 cytokines. We found that CDC incubation with lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, and the cytokine combination of TNF/IFN significantly increased the secretion of most of the cytokines detected. Specifically, we observed an increased secretion and gene expression of IP10, MCP3, IL8, and VEGFA. In contrast, the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and TGF-beta had minimal effects on CDC cytokine secretion. Additionally, TNF/IFN, but not LPS, enhanced ICAM1 expression. Our findings offer new insights into the role of cytokines in potentially modulating the biology and regenerative potential of CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zubkova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Konstantin Dergilev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Irina Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexander Kalinin
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alika Guseva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexander Andreev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Stanislav Partigulov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mikhail Lepilin
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
- The Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Dergilev K, Tsokolaeva Z, Goltseva Y, Beloglazova I, Ratner E, Parfyonova Y. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Regulates Prosurvival and Angiogenic Properties of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15554. [PMID: 37958542 PMCID: PMC10650341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the largest challenges to the implementation of cardiac cell therapy is identifying selective reparative targets to enhance stem/progenitor cell therapeutic efficacy. In this work, we hypothesized that such a target could be an urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane protein, interacting with urokinase. uPAR is able to form complexes with various transmembrane proteins such as integrins, activating intracellular signaling pathway and thus regulating multiple cell functions. We focused on studying the CD117+ population of cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), expressing uPAR on their surface. It was found that the number of CD117+ MPCs in the heart of the uPAR-/- mice is lower, as well as their ability to proliferate in vitro compared with cells from wild-type animals. Knockdown of uPAR in CD117+ MPCs of wild-type animals was accompanied by a decrease in survival rate and Akt signaling pathway activity and by an increase in the level of caspase activity in these cells. That suggests the role of uPAR in supporting cell survival. After intramyocardial transplantation of uPAR(-) MPCs, reduced cell retention and angiogenesis stimulation were observed in mice with myocardial infarction model compared to uPAR(+) cells transplantation. Taken together, the present results appear to prove a novel mechanism of uPAR action in maintaining the survival and angiogenic properties of CD117+ MPCs. These results emphasize the importance of the uPAR as a potential pharmacological target for the regulation of reparative properties of myocardial mesenchymal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Dergilev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (K.D.)
| | - Zoya Tsokolaeva
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (K.D.)
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Goltseva
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (K.D.)
| | - Irina Beloglazova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (K.D.)
| | - Elizaveta Ratner
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (K.D.)
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (K.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors negatively impact on pro-reparative characteristics of human cardiac progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10132. [PMID: 35710779 PMCID: PMC9203790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors improve cancer survival but their cardiotoxicity requires investigation. We investigated these inhibitors’ effects on human cardiac progenitor cells in vitro and rat heart in vivo. We applied imatinib, sunitinib or sorafenib to human cardiac progenitor cells, assessing cell viability, proliferation, stemness, differentiation, growth factor production and second messengers. Alongside, sunitinib effects were assessed in vivo. Inhibitors decreased (p < 0.05) cell viability, at levels equivalent to ‘peak’ (24 h; imatinib: 91.5 ± 0.9%; sunitinib: 83.9 ± 1.8%; sorafenib: 75.0 ± 1.6%) and ‘trough’ (7 days; imatinib: 62.3 ± 6.2%; sunitinib: 86.2 ± 3.5%) clinical plasma levels, compared to control (100% viability). Reduced (p < 0.05) cell cycle activity was seen with imatinib (29.3 ± 4.3% cells in S/G2/M-phases; 50.3 ± 5.1% in control). Expression of PECAM-1, Nkx2.5, Wnt2, linked with cell differentiation, were decreased (p < 0.05) 2, 2 and 6-fold, respectively. Expression of HGF, p38 and Akt1 in cells was reduced (p < 0.05) by sunitinib. Second messenger (p38 and Akt1) blockade affected progenitor cell phenotype, reducing c-kit and growth factor (HGF, EGF) expression. Sunitinib for 9 days (40 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult rats reduced (p < 0.05) cardiac ejection fraction (68 ± 2% vs. baseline (83 ± 1%) and control (84 ± 4%)) and reduced progenitor cell numbers. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce cardiac progenitor cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and reparative growth factor expression.
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Dehkordi NR, Dehkordi NR, Farjoo MH. Therapeutic properties of stem cell-derived exosomes in ischemic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tang XL, Wysoczynski M, Gumpert AM, Li Y, Wu WJ, Li H, Stowers H, Bolli R. Effect of intravenous cell therapy in rats with old myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:431-444. [PMID: 34783963 PMCID: PMC8896398 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that cell therapy provides therapeutic benefits in experimental and clinical settings of chronic heart failure. However, direct cardiac delivery of cells via transendocardial injection is logistically complex, expensive, entails risks, and is not amenable to multiple dosing. Intravenous administration would be a more convenient and clinically applicable route for cell therapy. Thus, we determined whether intravenous infusion of three widely used cell types improves left ventricular (LV) function and structure and compared their efficacy. Rats with a 30-day-old myocardial infarction (MI) received intravenous infusion of vehicle (PBS) or 1 of 3 types of cells: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs), and c-kit-positive cardiac cells (CPCs), at a dose of 12 × 106 cells. Rats were followed for 35 days after treatment to determine LV functional status by serial echocardiography and hemodynamic studies. Blood samples were collected for Hemavet analysis to determine inflammatory cell profile. LV ejection fraction (EF) dropped ≥ 20 points in all hearts at 30 days after MI and deteriorated further at 35-day follow-up in the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, deterioration of EF was halted in rats that received MSCs and attenuated in those that received CMCs or CPCs. None of the 3 types of cells significantly altered scar size, myocardial content of collagen or CD45-positive cells, or Hemavet profile. This study demonstrates that a single intravenous administration of 3 types of cells in rats with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy is effective in attenuating the progressive deterioration in LV function. The extent of LV functional improvement was greatest with CPCs, intermediate with CMCs, and least with MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Anna M Gumpert
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wen-Jian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Heather Stowers
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C, Buelna-Chontal M, Silva-Palacios A. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiac-Conditioning Strategies against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1123. [PMID: 34832998 PMCID: PMC8620839 DOI: 10.3390/life11111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central target of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning cardioprotective strategies, which consist of either the application of brief intermittent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles or the administration of pharmacological agents. Such strategies reduce cardiac I/R injury by activating protective signaling pathways that prevent the exacerbated production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibit opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduce apoptosis, maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Cardioprotection also involves the activation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes, which replace defective mitochondria or eliminate mitochondrial debris, preserving the structure and function of the network of these organelles, and consequently ensuring homeostasis and survival of cardiomyocytes. Such processes include mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial-controlled cell death. This review updates recent advances in MQC mechanisms that are activated in the protection conferred by different cardiac conditioning interventions. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial protection and turnover of these organelles will be discussed. It is concluded that modulation of MQC mechanisms and recognition of mitochondrial targets could provide a potential and selective therapeutic approach for I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Pakzad KK, Tan JJ, Anderson S, Board M, Clarke K, Carr CA. Metabolic maturation of differentiating cardiosphere-derived cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 54:102422. [PMID: 34118565 PMCID: PMC8271094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen IV promotes proliferation of cardiosphere-derived cells. Fibronectin supports differentiation of cardiosphere-derived cells. Oxidative metabolism increases as cardiac progenitors mature. Stimulating fatty acid oxidation promotes cardiac progenitor cell maturation.
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) can be expanded in vitro and induced to differentiate along the cardiac lineage. To recapitulate the phenotype of an adult cardiomyocyte, differentiating progenitors need to upregulate mitochondrial glucose and fatty acid oxidation. Here we cultured and differentiated CDCs using protocols aimed to maintain stemness or to promote differentiation, including triggering fatty acid oxidation using an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Metabolic changes were characterised in undifferentiated CDCs and during differentiation towards a cardiac phenotype. CDCs from rat atria were expanded on fibronectin or collagen IV via cardiosphere formation. Differentiation was assessed using flow cytometry and qPCR and substrate metabolism was quantified using radiolabelled substrates. Collagen IV promoted proliferation of CDCs whereas fibronectin primed cells for differentiation towards a cardiac phenotype. In both populations, treatment with 5-Azacytidine induced a switch towards oxidative metabolism, as shown by changes in gene expression, decreased glycolytic flux and increased oxidation of glucose and palmitate. Addition of a PPARα agonist during differentiation increased both glucose and fatty acid oxidation and expression of cardiac genes. We conclude that oxidative metabolism and cell differentiation act in partnership with increases in one driving an increase in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Mary Board
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
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George MJ, Jasmin NH, Cummings VT, Richard-Loendt A, Launchbury F, Woollard K, Turner-Stokes T, Garcia Diaz AI, Lythgoe M, Stuckey DJ, Hingorani AD, Gilroy DW. Selective Interleukin-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade Is More Effective Than Panantagonism in Reperfused Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:431-443. [PMID: 34095633 PMCID: PMC8165121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is an emerging therapeutic target in myocardial infarction (MI). IL-6 has 2 distinct signaling pathways: trans-signaling, which mediates inflammation, and classic signaling, which also has anti-inflammatory effects. The novel recombinant fusion protein sgp130Fc achieves exclusive trans-signaling blockade, whereas anti-IL-6 antibodies (Abs) result in panantagonism. In a rat model of reperfused MI, sgp130Fc, but not anti-IL-6-Ab, attenuated neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the myocardium, reduced infarct size, and preserved cardiac function 28 days after MI. These data demonstrate the efficacy of exclusive IL-6 trans-signaling blockade and support further investigation of sgp130Fc as a potential novel therapy in MI.
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Key Words
- AAR, area at risk
- Ab, antibody
- CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IL, interleukin
- IS, infarct size
- LGE, late-gadolinium enhancement
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment-elevation MI
- RCAEC, rat coronary artery endothelial cell
- STEMI, ST-segment-elevation MI
- TCZ, tocilizumab
- Trop-T, troponin T
- c-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3
- inflammation
- interleukin-6
- myocardial infarction
- reperfusion
- sIL-6R, soluble IL-6 receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jonathan George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Hayati Jasmin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Taylor Cummings
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Richard-Loendt
- Department of Neuropathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- UCL IQPath, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Launchbury
- UCL IQPath, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tabitha Turner-Stokes
- Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Isabel Garcia Diaz
- Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel James Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon Dinesh Hingorani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Genomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek William Gilroy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Saheera S, Jani VP, Witwer KW, Kutty S. Extracellular vesicle interplay in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1749-H1761. [PMID: 33666501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00925.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles released from cells that mediate intercellular communications and play a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes. Subtypes of EVs may include plasma membrane ectosomes or microvesicles and endosomal origin exosomes, although functional distinctions remain unclear. EVs carry cargo proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), lipids, and metabolites. By presenting or transferring this cargo to recipient cells, EVs can trigger cellular responses. We summarize contemporary understanding of EV biogenesis, composition, and function, with an emphasis on the role of EVs in the cardiovascular system. In addition, we outline the functional relevance of EVs in cardiovascular pathophysiology, further highlighting their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Saheera
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Vivek P Jani
- Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Petroniene J, Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene I, Miksiunas R, Bironaite D, Ramanaviciene A, Rucinskas K, Janusauskas V, Ramanavicius A. Scanning electrochemical microscopy for the investigation of redox potential of human myocardium-derived mesenchymal stem cells grown at 2D and 3D conditions. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Gyöngyösi M, Lukovic D, Zlabinger K, Spannbauer A, Gugerell A, Pavo N, Traxler D, Pils D, Maurer G, Jakab A, Riesenhuber M, Pircher A, Winkler J, Bergler-Klein J. Liposomal doxorubicin attenuates cardiotoxicity via induction of interferon-related DNA damage resistance. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:970-982. [PMID: 31346605 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is severely compromised by its cardiotoxic effects, which limit the therapeutic index and the cumulative dose. Liposomal encapsulation of DOX (Myocet®) provides a certain protective effect against cardiotoxicity by reducing myocardial drug accumulation. We aimed to evaluate transcriptomic responses to anthracyclines with different cardiotoxicity profiles in a translational large animal model for identifying potential alleviation strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS We treated domestic pigs with either DOX, epirubicin (EPI), or liposomal DOX and compared the cardiac, laboratory, and haemodynamic effects with saline-treated animals. Cardiotoxicity was encountered in all groups, reflected by an increase of plasma markers N-terminal pro-brain-natriuretic peptide and Troponin I and an impact on body weight. High morbidity of EPI-treated animals impeded further evaluation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium late enhancement and transthoracic echocardiography showed stronger reduction of the left and right ventricular systolic function and stronger myocardial fibrosis in DOX-treated animals than in those treated with the liposomal formulation. Gene expression profiles of the left and right ventricles were analysed by RNA-sequencing and validated by qPCR. Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), linked to DNA damage repair and cell survival, were downregulated by DOX, but upregulated by liposomal DOX in both the left and right ventricle. The expression of cardioprotective translocator protein (TSPO) was inhibited by DOX, but not its liposomal formulation. Cardiac fibrosis with activation of collagen was found in all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS All anthracycline-derivatives resulted in transcriptional activation of collagen synthesis and processing. Liposomal packaging of DOX-induced ISGs in association with lower cardiotoxicity, which is of high clinical importance in anticancer treatment. Our study identified potential mechanisms for rational development of strategies to mitigate anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS), and Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras Jakab
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstraße 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Riesenhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jutta Bergler-Klein
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Bolli R, Tang XL, Guo Y, Li Q. After the storm: an objective appraisal of the efficacy of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells in preclinical models of heart disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:129-139. [PMID: 32937086 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The falsification of data related to c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) by a Harvard laboratory has been a veritable tragedy. Does this fraud mean that CPCs are not beneficial in models of ischemic cardiomyopathy? At least 50 studies from 26 laboratories independent of the Harvard group have reported beneficial effects of CPCs in mice, rats, pigs, and cats. The mechanism of action remains unclear. Our group has shown that CPCs do not engraft in the diseased heart, do not differentiate into new cardiac myocytes, do not regenerate dead myocardium, and thus work via paracrine mechanisms. A casualty of the misconduct at Harvard has been the SCIPIO trial, a collaboration between the Harvard group and the group in Louisville. The retraction of the SCIPIO paper was caused exclusively by issues with data generated at Harvard, not those generated in Louisville. In the retraction notice, the Lancet editors stated: "Although we do not have any reservations about the clinical work in Louisville that used the preparations from Anversa's laboratory in good faith, the lack of reliability regarding the laboratory work at Harvard means that we are now retracting this paper". We must be careful not to dismiss all work on CPCs because of one laboratory's misconduct. An unbiased review of the literature supports the therapeutic potential of CPCs for heart failure at the preclinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Yiru Guo
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Qianghong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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13
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Constantinides C. Is There Preclinical and Clinical Value for 19F MRI in Stem Cell Cardiac Regeneration? Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720954434. [PMID: 33000632 PMCID: PMC7784514 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720954434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular regeneration aims to renew damaged or necrotic tissue and to enhance cardiac functional performance. Despite the hope arisen from the introduction and use of stem cells (SCs) as a novel cardiac regenerative approach, to-this-date, clinical trial findings are still ambivalent despite preclinical successes. Concurrently, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) advances have been based on nanotechnological breakthroughs that have (a) allowed fluorinated nanoparticles and ultrasmall iron oxide single-cell labeling, (b) explored imaging detection sensitivity limits (for preclinical/low-field clinical settings), and (c) accomplished cellular tracking in vivo. Nevertheless, outcomes have been far from ideal. Herein, the recently developed preclinical and clinical 1H and 19F MRI approaches for direct cardiac SC labeling techniques intended for cellular implantation and their potential for tracking these cells in health and infarcted states are summarized. To this extent, the potential preclinical and clinical values of 19F MRI and tracking of SCs for cardiac regeneration in myocardial infarction are questioned and challenged.
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14
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Chen Q, Bruyneel A, Carr C, Czernuszka J. Trilayer scaffold with cardiosphere-derived cells for heart valve tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:729-737. [PMID: 31184806 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Natural polymers collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and elastin are promising candidate materials for heart valve tissue engineering scaffolds. This work produced trilayer scaffolds that resembled the layered structures of the extracellular matrices of native heart valves. The scaffolds showed anisotropic bending moduli (in both dry and hydrated statuses) depending on the loading directions (lower in the With Curvature direction than in the Against Curvature direction), which mimicked the characteristic behavior of the native heart valves. The interactions between cardiosphere-derived cells and the scaffolds were characterized by multiphoton microscopy, and relatively similar cell distributions were observed on different layers (a cell density of 3,000-4,000 mm-3 and a migration depth of 0.3-0.4 mm). The trilayer scaffold has represented a forwarding step from the previous studies, in attempting to better replicate a native heart valve structurally, mechanically, and biologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- R&D.cn, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arne Bruyneel
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Czernuszka
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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A simple method for the generation of insulin producing cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:462-471. [PMID: 31111346 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To produce insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) using a simple and cost effective method. During the initial 7 days of three-dimensional (3D) culture, BM-MSCs were cultured on 1% agar or agarose to form multicellular spheroids. Spheroids and spheroid-derived single cells (SS and SSC, respectively) were cultured in the absence of any proteinaceous growth factor in a simple specific medium for a further 7 d. The insulin content of the differentiated cells was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the expression of pancreatic beta cells-related genes other than INS as well as the in vitro responses of IPCs to different glucose concentrations were investigated. Cellular clusters generated on agar and SS conditions (agar+SS-IPCs) stained better with beta cell specific stains and were more reactive to serum-containing insulin reactive antibodies compared with agarose-SS-IPCs. Gene expression analysis revealed that in comparison to agarose + SS-IPCs, agar+SS-IPCs expressed significantly higher levels of INS-1, INS-2, PDX-1, NKX6.1, and XBP-1. Of interest, agar+SS-IPCs expressed 2215.3 ± 120.8-fold more INS-1 gene compared to BM-MSCs. The expression of β-cell associated genes was also higher in agar+SS-IPCs compared to the agar+SSC-IPCs. Moreover, the expression of INS-1 gene was significantly higher in agar+SS-IPCs compared with agar+SSC-IPCs after culture in media with high concentration of glucose. Compared to the most expensive and time-consuming protocols, 3D culture of MSCs on agar followed by 2D culture of cellular clusters in a minimally supplemented high glucose media produced highly potent IPCs which may pay the way to the treatment of diabetic patients.
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16
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Nazir R, Bruyneel A, Carr C, Czernuszka J. Collagen type I and hyaluronic acid based hybrid scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23278. [PMID: 30958569 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineers have achieved limited success so far in designing an ideal scaffold for aortic valve; scaffolds lack in mechanical compatibility, appropriate degradation rate, and microstructural similarity. This paper, therefore, has demonstrated a carbodiimide-based sequential crosslinking technique to prepare aortic valve extracellular matrix mimicking (ECM) hybrid scaffolds from collagen type I and hyaluronic acid (HA), the building blocks of heart valve ECM, with tailorable crosslinking densities. Swelling studies revealed that crosslinking densities of parent networks increased with increasing the concentration of the crosslinking agents whereas crosslinking densities of hybrid scaffolds averaged from those of parent collagen and HA networks. Hybrid scaffolds also offered a wide range of pore size (66-126 μm) which fulfilled the criteria for valvular tissue regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy and images of Alcian blue-Periodic acid Schiff stained samples suggested that our crosslinking technique yielded an ECM mimicking microstructure with interlaced bands of collagen and HA in the hybrid scaffolds. The mutually reinforcing networks of collagen and HA also resulted in increased bending moduli up to 1660 kPa which spanned the range of natural aortic valves. Cardio sphere-derived cells (CDCs) from rat hearts showed that crosslinking density affected the available cell attachment sites on the surface of the scaffold. Increased bending moduli of CDCs seeded scaffolds up to two folds (2-6 kPa) as compared to the non-seeded scaffolds (1 kPa) suggested that an increase in crosslinking density of the scaffolds could not only increase the in vitro bending modulus but also prevented its disintegration in the cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nazir
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arne Bruyneel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Czernuszka
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Oldershaw R, Owens WA, Sutherland R, Linney M, Liddle R, Magana L, Lash GE, Gill JH, Richardson G, Meeson A. Human Cardiac-Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells, a Novel Cell Population with Therapeutic Potential. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:593-607. [PMID: 30803370 PMCID: PMC6486668 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem/progenitors are being used in the clinic to treat patients with a range of cardiac pathologies. However, improvements in heart function following treatment have been reported to be variable, with some showing no response. This discrepancy in response remains unresolved. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a regenerative tool as these cells display both immunomodulatory and proregenerative activities. The purpose of this study was to derive a cardiac MSC population to provide an alternative/support to current therapies. We derived human cardiac-mesenchymal stem cell-like cells (CMSCLC), so named as they share some MSC characteristics. However, CMSCLC lack the MSC trilineage differentiation capacity, being capable of only rare adipogenic differentiation and demonstrating low/no osteogenic or chondrogenic potential, a phenotype that may have advantages following transplantation. Furthermore, CMSCLC expressed low levels of p16, high levels of MHCI, and low levels of MHCII. A lack of senescent cells would also be advantageous for cells to be used therapeutically, as would the ability to modulate the immune response. Crucially, CMSCLC display a transcriptional profile that includes genes associated with cardioprotective/cardiobeneficial effects. CMSCLC are also secretory and multipotent, giving rise to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Our findings support CMSCLC as a novel cell population suitable for use for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Oldershaw
- 1 Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - W Andrew Owens
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Linney
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Liddle
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lissette Magana
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gendie E Lash
- 4 Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason H Gill
- 5 The Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northern Institute for Cancer Research (NICR), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Richardson
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Meeson
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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18
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Leong YY, Ng WH, Umar Fuaad MZ, Ng CT, Ramasamy R, Lim V, Yong YK, Tan JJ. Mesenchymal stem cells facilitate cardiac differentiation in Sox2-expressing cardiac C-kit cells in coculture. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9104-9116. [PMID: 30548289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy offers hope to reconstitute injured myocardium and salvage heart from failing. A recent approach using combinations of derived Cardiac-derived c-kit expressing cells (CCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in transplantation improved infarcted hearts with a greater functional outcome, but the effects of MSCs on CCs remain to be elucidated. We used a novel two-step protocol to clonogenically amplify colony forming c-kit expressing cells from 4- to 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice. This method yielded highly proliferative and clonogenic CCs with an average population doubling time of 17.2 ± 0.2, of which 80% were at the G1 phase. We identified two distinctly different CC populations based on its Sox2 expression, which was found to inversely related to their nkx2.5 and gata4 expression. To study CCs after MSC coculture, we developed micron-sized particles of iron oxide-based magnetic reisolation method to separate CCs from MSCs for subsequent analysis. Through validation using the sex and species mismatch CC-MSC coculture method, we confirmed that the purity of the reisolated cells was greater than 85%. In coculture experiment, we found that MSCs prominently enhanced Ctni and Mef2c expressions in Sox2 pos CCs after the induction of cardiac differentiation, and the level was higher than that of conditioned medium Sox2 pos CCs. However, these effects were not found in Sox2 neg CCs. Immunofluorescence labeling confirmed the presence of cardiac-like cells within Sox2 pos CCs after differentiation, identified by its cardiac troponin I and α-sarcomeric actinin expressions. In conclusion, this study shows that MSCs enhance CC differentiation toward cardiac myocytes. This enhancement is dependent on CC stemness state, which is determined by Sox2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yee Leong
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mimi Zulaikha Umar Fuaad
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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19
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Constantinides C, McNeill E, Carnicer R, Al Haj Zen A, Sainz-Urruela R, Shaw A, Patel J, Swider E, Alonaizan R, Potamiti L, Hadjisavvas A, Padilla-Parra S, Kyriacou K, Srinivas M, Carr CA. Improved cellular uptake of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for in vivo murine cardiac 19F MRS/MRI and temporal tracking of progenitor cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 18:391-401. [PMID: 30448526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we maximize the labeling efficiency of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) using perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFCE-NP) and 19F MRI detectability, determine the temporal dynamics of single-cell label uptake, quantify the temporal viability/fluorescence persistence of labeled CPCs in vitro, and implement in vivo, murine cardiac CPC MRI/tracking that could be translatable to humans. FuGENEHD-mediated CPC PFCE-NP uptake is confirmed with flow cytometry/confocal microscopy. Epifluorescence imaging assessed temporal viability/fluorescence (up to 7 days [D]). Nonlocalized murine 19F MRS and cardiac MRI studied label localization in terminal/longitudinal tracking studies at 9.4 T (D1-D8). A 4-8 fold 19F concentration increase is evidenced in CPCs for FuGENE vs. directly labeled cells. Cardiac 19F signals post-CPC injections diminished in vivo to ~31% of their values on D1 by D7/D8. Histology confirmed CPC retention, dispersion, and macrophage-induced infiltration. Intra-cardiac injections of PFCE-NP-labeled CPCs with FuGENE can be visualized/tracked in vivo for the first time with 19F MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christakis Constantinides
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics.
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Raquel Sainz-Urruela
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Cellular Imaging Core, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Edyta Swider
- Radboud University Medical Center (Radboud UMC), Department of Tumor Immunology, 278, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Postbox 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Alonaizan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louiza Potamiti
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sergi Padilla-Parra
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Cellular Imaging Core, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Radboud University Medical Center (Radboud UMC), Department of Tumor Immunology, 278, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Postbox 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Rikhtegar R, Pezeshkian M, Dolati S, Safaie N, Afrasiabi Rad A, Mahdipour M, Nouri M, Jodati AR, Yousefi M. Stem cells as therapy for heart disease: iPSCs, ESCs, CSCs, and skeletal myoblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:304-313. [PMID: 30396088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart Diseases are serious and global public health concern. In spite of remarkable therapeutic developments, the prediction of patients with Heart Failure (HF) is weak, and present therapeutic attitudes do not report the fundamental problem of the cardiac tissue loss. Innovative therapies are required to reduce mortality and limit or abolish the necessity for cardiac transplantation. Stem cell-based therapies applied to the treatment of heart disease is according to the understanding that natural self-renewing procedures are inherent to the myocardium, nonetheless may not be adequate to recover the infarcted heart muscle. Following the first account of cell therapy in heart diseases, examination has kept up to rapidity; besides, several animals and human clinical trials have been conducted to preserve the capacity of numerous stem cell population in advance cardiac function and decrease infarct size. The purpose of this study was to censoriously evaluate the works performed regarding the usage of four major subgroups of stem cells, including induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Cardiac Stem Cells (CDC), and Skeletal Myoblasts, in heart diseases, at the preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, it is aimed to argue the existing disagreements, unsolved problems, and prospect directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rikhtegar
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Afrasiabi Rad
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Jodati
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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21
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Malandraki-Miller S, Lopez CA, Al-Siddiqi H, Carr CA. Changing Metabolism in Differentiating Cardiac Progenitor Cells-Can Stem Cells Become Metabolically Flexible Cardiomyocytes? Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:119. [PMID: 30283788 PMCID: PMC6157401 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a metabolic omnivore and the adult heart selects the substrate best suited for each circumstance, with fatty acid oxidation preferred in order to fulfill the high energy demand of the contracting myocardium. The fetal heart exists in an hypoxic environment and obtains the bulk of its energy via glycolysis. After birth, the "fetal switch" to oxidative metabolism of glucose and fatty acids has been linked to the loss of the regenerative phenotype. Various stem cell types have been used in differentiation studies, but most are cultured in high glucose media. This does not change in the majority of cardiac differentiation protocols. Despite the fact that metabolic state affects marker expression and cellular function and activity, the substrate composition is currently being overlooked. In this review we discuss changes in cardiac metabolism during development, the various protocols used to differentiate progenitor cells to cardiomyocytes, what is known about stem cell metabolism and how consideration of metabolism can contribute toward maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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22
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Abstract
After a myocardial infarction, heart tissue becomes irreversibly damaged, leading to scar formation and inevitably ischemic heart failure. Of the many available interventions after a myocardial infarction, such as percutaneous intervention or pharmacological optimization, none can reverse the ischemic insult on the heart and restore cardiac function. Thus, the only available cure for patients with scarred myocardium is allogeneic heart transplantation, which comes with extensive costs, risks, and complications. However, multiple studies have shown that the heart is, in fact, not an end-stage organ and that there are endogenous mechanisms in place that have the potential to spark regeneration. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential tool to tap into and activate this endogenous framework. Particularly promising are stem cells derived from cardiac tissue itself, referred to as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). CDCs can be extracted and isolated from the patient's myocardium and then administered by intramyocardial injection or intracoronary infusion. After early success in the animal model, multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of autologous CDC therapy in humans. Clinical trials with allogeneic CDCs showed early promising results and pose a potential "off-the-shelf" therapy for patients in the acute setting after a myocardial infarction. The mechanism responsible for CDC-induced cardiac regeneration seems to be a combination of triggering native cardiomyocyte proliferation and recruitment of endogenous progenitor cells, which most prominently occurs via paracrine effects. A further understanding of the mediators involved in paracrine signaling can help with the development of a stem cell-free therapy, with all the benefits and none of the associated complications.
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23
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Constantinides C, Basnett P, Lukasiewicz B, Carnicer R, Swider E, Majid QA, Srinivas M, Carr CA, Roy I. In Vivo Tracking and 1H/ 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Polycaprolactone Blend Scaffolds Seeded with Labeled Cardiac Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25056-25068. [PMID: 29965724 PMCID: PMC6338235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs) have demonstrated exceptional properties for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) applications. Despite prior work on MCL-PHA/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends, optimal scaffold production and use as an alternative delivery route for controlled release of seeded cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in CTE applications in vivo has been lacking. We present herein applicability of MCL-PHA/PCL (95/5 wt %) blends fabricated as thin films with an improved performance compared to the neat MCL-PHA. Polymer characterization confirmed the chemical structure and composition of the synthesized scaffolds, while thermal, wettability, and mechanical properties were also investigated and compared in neat and porous counterparts. In vitro cytocompatibility studies were performed using perfluorocrown-ether-nanoparticle-labeled murine CPCs and studied using confocal microscopy and 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Seeded scaffolds were implanted and studied in the postmortem murine heart in situ and in two additional C57BL/6 mice in vivo (using single-layered and double-layered scaffolds) and imaged immediately after and at 7 days postimplantation. Superior MCL-PHA/PCL scaffold performance has been demonstrated compared to MCL-PHA through experimental comparisons of (a) morphological data using scanning electron microscopy and (b) contact angle measurements attesting to improved CPC adhesion, (c) in vitro confocal microscopy showing increased SC proliferative capacity, and (d) mechanical testing that elicited good overall responses. In vitro MRI results justify the increased seeding density, increased in vitro MRI signal, and improved MRI visibility in vivo, in the double-layered compared to the single-layered scaffolds. Histological evaluations [bright-field, cytoplasmic (Atto647) and nuclear (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stains] performed in conjunction with confocal microscopy imaging attest to CPC binding within the scaffold, subsequent release and migration to the neighboring myocardium, and increased retention in the murine myocardium in the case of the double-layered scaffold. Thus, MCL-PHA/PCL blends possess tremendous potential for controlled delivery of CPCs and for maximizing possible regeneration in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christakis Constantinides
- Radcliffe Department
of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Department
of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of
Oxford, Roosevelt Drive,
Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Pooja Basnett
- Applied Biotechnology
Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
| | - Barbara Lukasiewicz
- Applied Biotechnology
Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Radcliffe Department
of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Department
of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of
Oxford, Roosevelt Drive,
Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Edyta Swider
- Radboud University
Medical Center (Radboud UMC), Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), 278, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qasim A. Majid
- Department
of Myocardial Function, National Heart and
Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Radboud University
Medical Center (Radboud UMC), Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), 278, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K.
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Applied Biotechnology
Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
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Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human fetus heart. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192244. [PMID: 29420637 PMCID: PMC5805293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cells for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. However, their potential may be limited, because of their restricted cardiovascular differentiation potential and decline in their number and functional characteristics with increasing donor age. We have previously shown that rat fetus heart harbors primitive MSCs and administration of these cells improved left ventricular (LV) function after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. To evaluate their potential as a new cell type for clinical cardiovascular cell therapy, we have undertaken this study on the isolation and characterization of human fetal cardiac MSCs (hfC-MSCs). Methods MSCs were isolated from the heart of five 14-16-week-old aborted human fetuses and studied for their growth characteristics, karyotypic stability and senescence over successive passages, expression of mesenchymal and embryonal markers by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, constitutive expression of cardiovascular genes by RT-PCR, differentiation into cells of the cardiovascular lineage and their immunomodulatory properties. Results The hfC-MSCs grew as adherent monolayer with spindle shaped morphology and exhibited rapid proliferation with an average population doubling time of 34 hours and expansion to up to more than 80 population doublings with maintenance of a normal karyotype and without senescence. Immunophenotyping showed that they had similar phenotype as human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) expressing CD73, CD90, CD105 and lacking expression of CD31, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR. However, hfC-MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of CD117 and SSEA-4 compared to hBM-MSCs. In addition, hfC-MSCs expressed the embryonal markers Oct-4, Nanog and Sox-2 as compared to hBM-MSCs. Further, hfC-MSCs had significantly higher expression of the cardiovascular genes viz. ISL-1, flk-1, GATA-4, NKX2.5 and MDR-1 as compared to hBM-MSCs, and could be differentiated into major cardiovascular cells (cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells). Interestingly, hfC-MSCs markedly reduced T-lymphocyte proliferation with an increased secretion of TGF-β and IL-10. Conclusions Our results show that human fetus heart is a novel source of primitive MSCs with cardiovascular commitment which may have a potential therapeutic application in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for more deaths globally than any other single disease. There are on average 1.5 million episodes of myocardial infarction (heart attack) each year in the United States alone with roughly one-third resulting in death. There is therefore a major need for developing new and effective strategies to promote cardiac repair. Intramyocardial transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a leading contender in the pursuit of clinical intervention and therapy. MSCs are potent mediators of cardiac repair and are therefore an attractive tool in the development of preclinical and clinical trials. MSCs are capable of secreting a large array of soluble factors, which have had demonstrated effects on pathogenic cardiac remolding, fibrosis, immune activation, and cardiac stem cell proliferation within the damaged heart. MSCs are also capable of differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, although the relative contribution of trilineage differentiation and paracrine effectors on cardiac repair remains the subject of active investigation.
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Encapsulating Bioactive Hydrogels Improve Rat Heart Function Post Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1415-1422. [PMID: 28988988 PMCID: PMC5830963 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers an exciting possibility for cardiac repair post myocardial infarction. We assessed the effects of combined polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG), human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM), and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy in a rat model of myocardial infarction. PEG with/out iPSC-CMs and EPO; iPSC-CMs in saline; or saline alone was injected into infarcted hearts shortly after infarction. Injection of almost any combination of the therapeutics limited acute elevations in chamber volumes. After 10 weeks, attenuation of ventricular remodeling was identified in all groups that received PEG injections, while ejection fractions were significantly increased in the gel-EPO, cell, and gel-cell-EPO groups. In all treatment groups, infarct thickness was increased and regions of muscle were identified within the scar. However, no grafted cells were detected. Hence, iPSC-CM-encapsulating bioactive hydrogel therapy can improve cardiac function post myocardial infarction and increase infarct thickness and muscle content despite a lack of sustained donor-cell engraftment. Hydrogels tailored to myocardial properties do not impair normal heart function Stem cell-encapsulating bioactive hydrogels can be delivered to infarcted hearts Bioactive hydrogels increased cardiac function, infarct thickness, and muscle content Cell-related benefits were observed even though donor cells did not stably engraft
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27
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Leong YY, Ng WH, Ellison-Hughes GM, Tan JJ. Cardiac Stem Cells for Myocardial Regeneration: They Are Not Alone. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:47. [PMID: 28770214 PMCID: PMC5511846 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the number one killer worldwide with ~50% of patients dying within 5 years of prognosis. The discovery of stem cells, which are capable of repairing the damaged portion of the heart, has created a field of cardiac regenerative medicine, which explores various types of stem cells, either autologous or endogenous, in the hope of finding the “holy grail” stem cell candidate to slow down and reverse the disease progression. However, there are many challenges that need to be overcome in the search of such a cell candidate. The ideal cells have to survive the harsh infarcted environment, retain their phenotype upon administration, and engraft and be activated to initiate repair and regeneration in vivo. Early bench and bedside experiments mostly focused on bone marrow-derived cells; however, heart regeneration requires multiple coordinations and interactions between various cell types and the extracellular matrix to form new cardiomyocytes and vasculature. There is an observed trend that when more than one cell is coadministered and cotransplanted into infarcted animal models the degree of regeneration is enhanced, when compared to single-cell administration. This review focuses on stem cell candidates, which have also been tested in human trials, and summarizes findings that explore the interactions between various stem cells in heart regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yee Leong
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Georgina M Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Centre for Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Kasai-Brunswick TH, Costa ARD, Barbosa RAQ, Farjun B, Mesquita FCP, Silva dos Santos D, Ramos IP, Suhett G, Brasil GV, Cunha STD, Brito JOR, Passipieri JDA, Carvalho AB, Campos de Carvalho AC. Cardiosphere-derived cells do not improve cardiac function in rats with cardiac failure. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:36. [PMID: 28202059 PMCID: PMC5312520 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure represents an important public health issue due to its high costs and growing incidence worldwide. Evidence showing the regenerative potential of postmitotic heart tissue has suggested the existence of endogenous cardiac stem cells in adult hearts. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDC) constitute a candidate pool of such cardiac stem cells. Previous studies using acute myocardial infarction (MI) models in rodents demonstrated an improvement in cardiac function after cell therapy with CDC. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of CDC 60 days after MI in a rat model. METHODS CDC were obtained from human discarded myocardial tissue and rat hearts by enzymatic digestion with collagenase II. At 10-15 days after isolation, small, round, phase-bright cells (PBCs) appeared on top of the adherent fibroblast-like cells. The PBCs were collected and placed on a nonadherent plate for 2 days, where they formed cardiospheres which were then transferred to adherent plates, giving rise to CDC. These CDC were characterized by flow cytometry. Wistar rats were submitted to MI through permanent occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. After 60 days, they were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A during 10 days. On the third day, infarcted animals were treated with 5 × 105 human CDC (hCDC) or placebo through intramyocardial injection guided by echocardiogram. Another group of animals was treated with rat CDC (rCDC) without immunosuppression. hCDC and rCDC were stably transduced with a viral construct expressing luciferase under control of a constitutive promoter. CDC were then used in a bioluminescence assay. Functional parameters were evaluated by echocardiogram 90 and 120 days after MI and by Langendorff at 120 days. RESULTS CDC had a predominantly mesenchymal phenotype. Cell tracking by bioluminescence demonstrated over 85% decrease in signal at 5-7 days after cell therapy. Cardiac function evaluation by echocardiography showed no differences in ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, or end-systolic volume between groups receiving human cells, rat cells, or placebo. Hemodynamic analyses and infarct area quantification confirmed that there was no improvement in cardiac remodeling after cell therapy with CDC. CONCLUSION Our study challenges the effectiveness of CDC in post-ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Hanae Kasai-Brunswick
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- 0000 0004 0481 7106grid.414444.5National Institute of Cardiology, Rua das Laranjeiras, n°374—Laranjeiras, CEP:22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging—CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, buiding M, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Andréa Rodrigues da Costa
- 0000 0004 0481 7106grid.414444.5National Institute of Cardiology, Rua das Laranjeiras, n°374—Laranjeiras, CEP:22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Raiana Andrade Quintanilha Barbosa
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- 0000 0004 0481 7106grid.414444.5National Institute of Cardiology, Rua das Laranjeiras, n°374—Laranjeiras, CEP:22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Bruna Farjun
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Paccola Mesquita
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Danúbia Silva dos Santos
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging—CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, buiding M, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Grazielle Suhett
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Guilherme Visconde Brasil
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Sandro Torrentes da Cunha
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - José Oscar R. Brito
- 0000 0004 0481 7106grid.414444.5National Institute of Cardiology, Rua das Laranjeiras, n°374—Laranjeiras, CEP:22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Juliana do Amaral Passipieri
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- 0000 0004 0481 7106grid.414444.5National Institute of Cardiology, Rua das Laranjeiras, n°374—Laranjeiras, CEP:22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Adriana Bastos Carvalho
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, room G2-053, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- 0000 0004 0481 7106grid.414444.5National Institute of Cardiology, Rua das Laranjeiras, n°374—Laranjeiras, CEP:22240-006 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- 0000 0001 2294 473Xgrid.8536.8National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging—CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, buiding M, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, n°373, CEP:21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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Bruyneel AAN, Sehgal A, Malandraki-Miller S, Carr C. Stem Cell Therapy for the Heart: Blind Alley or Magic Bullet? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:405-418. [PMID: 27542008 PMCID: PMC5153828 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When stressed by ageing or disease, the adult human heart is unable to regenerate, leading to scarring and hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. As a result, stem cell therapy has been proposed as an ultimate therapeutic strategy, as stem cells could limit adverse remodelling and give rise to new cardiomyocytes and vasculature. Unfortunately, the results from clinical trials to date have been largely disappointing. In this review, we discuss the current status of the field and describe various limitations and how future work may attempt to resolve these to make way to successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne A N Bruyneel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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30
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Kaur K, Yang J, Edwards JG, Eisenberg CA, Eisenberg LM. G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294 promotes expansion of adult cardiac progenitor cells without changing their phenotype or differentiation potential. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:373-85. [PMID: 27109896 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a follow-up to our previous reports showing that the G9a histone methyltransferase-specific inhibitor BIX01294 enhances bone marrow cell cardiac potential, this drug was examined for its effects on cardiomyocytes and mouse cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiomyocytes and cardiac explants were cultured ± BIX01294, and examined for changes in cardiac function, protein and gene expression. Additionally, enriched populations of CPCs, contained in the 'phase bright cell' component of explants, were harvested from non-treated and BIX01294-treated cardiac tissue, and assayed for differences in cell phenotype and differentiation potential. Mouse CPCs were cultured with rat cardiomyocytes to allow differentiation of the progenitors to be assayed using species-specific PCR primers. RESULTS While BIX01294 had no discernible effect on myocyte function and sarcomeric organization, treatment with this drug significantly increased CPC proliferation, as indicated by enhanced MTT metabolization and BrdUrd incorporation (4.1- and 2.0-fold, respectively, P < 0.001) after 48 h labelling, and increased Ki67 expression (4.8-fold, P < 0.001) after 7 days culture. Heart explants exposed to BIX01294 generated 3.6-fold (P < 0.005) greater yields of CPCs by 2 weeks culture. Importantly, CPCs obtained from non-treated and BIX01294-treated cultures did not differ in phenotype or differentiation potential. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that BIX01294 can expand CPCs without undermining their capacity as cardiac progenitors, and suggest that this drug may have utility for generating large numbers of CPCs for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaur
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center Stem Cell Laboratory, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
| | - J Yang
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center Stem Cell Laboratory, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
- Department of Biology and Genomics, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, USA
| | - J G Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
| | - C A Eisenberg
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center Stem Cell Laboratory, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
| | - L M Eisenberg
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center Stem Cell Laboratory, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
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31
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Vahdat S, Mousavi SA, Omrani G, Gholampour M, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Ghazizadeh Z, Gharechahi J, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH, Aghdami N. Cellular and molecular characterization of human cardiac stem cells reveals key features essential for their function and safety. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 24:1390-404. [PMID: 25867933 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy of heart diseases is emerging as one of the most promising known treatments in recent years. Transplantation of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) may be one of the best strategies to cure adult or pediatric heart diseases. As these patient-derived stem cells need to be isolated from small heart biopsies, it is important to select the best isolation method and CSC subpopulation with the best cardiogenic functionality. We employed three different protocols including c-KIT(+) cell sorting, clonogenic expansion, and explants culture to isolate c-KIT(+) cells, clonogenic expansion-derived cells (CEDCs), and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), respectively. Evaluation of isolated CSC characteristics in vitro and after rat myocardial infarction (MI) model transplantation revealed that although c-KIT(+) and CDCs had higher MI regenerative potential, CEDCs had more commitment into cardiomyocytes and needed lower passages that were essential to reach a definite cell count. Furthermore, genome-wide expression analysis showed that subsequent passages caused changes in characteristics of cells, downregulation of cell cycle-related genes, and upregulation of differentiation and carcinogenic genes, which might lead to senescence, commitment, and possible tumorigenicity of the cells. Because of different properties of CSC subpopulations, we suggest that appropriate CSCs subpopulation should be chosen based on their experimental or clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,2Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mousavi
- 3Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Omrani
- 4Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Gholampour
- 4Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- 3Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,5Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- 3Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,6Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- 1Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,7Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Ekhteraei-Tousi S, Mohammad-Soltani B, Sadeghizadeh M, Mowla SJ, Parsi S, Soleimani M. Inhibitory effect of hsa-miR-590-5p on cardiosphere-derived stem cells differentiation through downregulation of TGFB signaling. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:179-91. [PMID: 25163461 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac cells generation via stem cells differentiation is a promising approach to restore the myocardial infarction. Promoted by our primary bioinformatics analysis as well as some previously published data on potential role of hsa-miR-590-3p in cardiogenesis, we have tried to decipher the role of miR-590-5p during the course of differentiation of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). The differentiation induction of CDCs by TGFB1 was confirmed by real-time PCR, ICC, and flow cytometry. The expression pattern of hsa-miR-590-5p and some related genes were examined during the differentiation process. In order to study the role of miR-590-5p in cardiac differentiation, the effect of miR-590 overexpression in CDCs was studied. Evaluating the expression patterns of miR-590 and its potential targets (TGFBRs) during the course of differentiation, demonstrated a significant downregulation of miR-590 and an upregulation of TGFBR2, following the treatment of CDCs with TGFB1. Therefore, we proposed a model in which TGFB1 exerts its differentiation induction via downregulation of miR-590, and hence the higher transcriptional expression level of TGFBR2. In accordance with our proposed model, transfection of CDCs by a pLenti-III-hsa-mir-590-GFP expression vector before or after the first TGFB1 treatment caused a significant alteration in the expression levels of TGFBRs. Moreover, our data revealed that overexpression of miR-590 before TGFB1 induction was able to attenuate the CDCs differentiation probably via the reduction of TGFBR2 expression level. Altogether, our data suggest an inhibitory role of miR-590 during the cardiac differentiation of CDCs which its suppression might elevate the rate of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Ekhteraei-Tousi
- Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Kapelios CJ, Nanas JN, Malliaras K. Allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells for myocardial regeneration: current progress and recent results. Future Cardiol 2016; 12:87-100. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.15.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-phase clinical testing of autologous cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) has yielded intriguing results, consistent with therapeutic myocardial regeneration. However, autologous therapy is associated with significant technical, timing, economic and logistic constraints, prompting researchers to explore the potential of allogeneic CDC therapy. CDCs exhibit a favorable immunologic antigenic profile and are hypoimmunogenic in vitro. Preclinical studies in immunologically mismatched animals demonstrate that allogeneic CDC transplantation without immunosuppression is safe and produces sustained functional and structural benefits through stimulation of endogenous regenerative pathways. Currently, allogeneic human CDCs are being tested clinically in the ALLSTAR and DYNAMIC trials. Potential establishment of clinical safety and efficacy of allogeneic CDCs combined with generation of highly standardized, ‘off-the-shelf’ allogeneic cellular products would facilitate broad clinical adoption of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Kapelios
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 67 Mikras Asias Street, 11 527, Athens, Greece
| | - John N Nanas
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 67 Mikras Asias Street, 11 527, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Malliaras
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 67 Mikras Asias Street, 11 527, Athens, Greece
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Bourke L, McCormick J, Taylor V, Pericleous C, Blanchet B, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Stuckey D, Lythgoe MF, Stephanou A, Ioannou Y. Hydroxychloroquine Protects against Cardiac Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo via Enhancement of ERK1/2 Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143771. [PMID: 26636577 PMCID: PMC4670100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of investigations including human studies demonstrate that pharmacological ischaemic preconditioning is a viable way to protect the heart from myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study investigated the role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the heart during I/R injury. In vitro and in vivo models of myocardial I/R injury were used to assess the effects of HCQ. It was found that HCQ was protective in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through inhibition of apoptosis, measured by TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3. This protection in vitro was mediated through enhancement of ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated by HCQ in a dose-dependent fashion. A decrease in infarct size was observed in an in vivo model of myocardial I/R injury in HCQ treated animals and furthermore this protection was blocked in the presence of the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. For the first time, we have shown that HCQ promotes a preconditioning like protection in an in vivo simulated rat myocardial I/R injury model. Moreover, it was shown that HCQ is protective via enhanced phosphorylation of the pro-survival kinase ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bourke
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine University College London, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James McCormick
- Biochemistry Research Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Taylor
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charis Pericleous
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine University College London, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Blanchet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Unité Fonctionnelle de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
- Université René Descartes; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, Service de Médecine Interne, Pôle médecine, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Stuckey
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasis Stephanou
- Medical and Molecular Biology Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Ioannou
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine University College London, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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LYE JL, SOON LK, WAN AHMAD WAN, TAN SC. Knowledge and Attitude about Stem Cells and Their Application in Medicine among Nursing Students in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2015; 22:23-31. [PMID: 26715905 PMCID: PMC4683846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell research has been extensively explored worldwide to enhance human health in medical setting. Nevertheless, there is currently no full understanding of the stem cell knowledge and attitude levels among student nurses in Malaysia. This study aimed to assess the level of stem cell knowledge, attitude toward stem cell application in medicine, and its association with years of education, among Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) undergraduate nursing students. METHODS A cross-sectional study (n = 88) was conducted using self-administered questionnaire consisted of demographic information, stem cells knowledge and attitude statements. Data was analysed using Statistical Package Social Software 20.0. RESULTS The majority of participants (92%) had moderate knowledge score about stem cells. Many students (33%) worried that stem cell application might cause a harm to humanity yet had a positive (76.1%) attitude towards its therapeutic potential (45.5%). Poor correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.08) indicated that acceptance towards stem cell is not solely based on the knowledge level but also on other factors including religion and culture. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study suggests that various educational programs on stem cell should be implemented considering the religion, cultural, social, and behavioural determinants in the population to improve stem cell knowledge and encourage a more positive attitude towards stem cells in medicine among these nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Leng LYE
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lean Keng SOON
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Amir Nizam WAN AHMAD
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng TAN
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Tian S, Liu Q, Gnatovskiy L, Ma PX, Wang Z. Heart Regeneration with Embryonic Cardiac Progenitor Cells and Cardiac Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1. [PMID: 26744736 DOI: 10.19104/jstb.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Recent advances in stem cell research hold great potential for heart tissue regeneration through stem cell-based therapy. While multiple cell types have been transplanted into MI heart in preclinical studies or clinical trials, reduction of scar tissue and restoration of cardiac function have been modest. Several challenges hamper the development and application of stem cell-based therapy for heart regeneration. Application of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiac tissue engineering for cell therapy has shown great promise to repair damaged heart tissue. This review presents an overview of the current applications of embryonic CPCs and the development of cardiac tissue engineering in regeneration of functional cardiac tissue and reduction of side effects for heart regeneration. We aim to highlight the benefits of the cell therapy by application of CPCs and cardiac tissue engineering during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qihai Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Leonid Gnatovskiy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Tan SC, Gomes RSM, Yeoh KK, Perbellini F, Malandraki-Miller S, Ambrose L, Heather LC, Faggian G, Schofield CJ, Davies KE, Clarke K, Carr CA. Preconditioning of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells With Hypoxia or Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase Inhibitors Increases Stemness and Decreases Reliance on Oxidative Metabolism. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:35-53. [PMID: 25751158 PMCID: PMC6042641 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), which can be isolated from heart explants, are a promising candidate cell source for infarcted myocardium regeneration. However, current protocols used to expand CDCs require at least 1 month in vitro to obtain sufficient cells for transplantation. We report that CDC culture can be optimized by preconditioning the cells under hypoxia (2% oxygen), which may reflect the physiological oxygen level of the stem cell niche. Under hypoxia, the CDC proliferation rate increased by 1.4-fold, generating 6 × 10(6) CDCs with higher expression of cardiac stem cell and pluripotency gene markers compared to normoxia. Furthermore, telomerase (TERT), cytokines/ligands involved in stem cell trafficking (SDF/CXCR-4), erythropoiesis (EPO), and angiogenesis (VEGF) were increased under hypoxia. Hypoxic preconditioning was mimicked by treatment with two types of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitors (PHDIs): dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) and 2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido) acetic acid (BIC). Despite the difference in specificity, both PHDIs significantly increased c-Kit expression and activated HIF, EPO, and CXCR-4. Furthermore, treatment with PHDIs for 24 h increased cell proliferation. Notably, all hypoxic and PHDI-preconditioned CDCs had decreased oxygen consumption and increased glycolytic metabolism. In conclusion, cells cultured under hypoxia could have potentially enhanced therapeutic potential, which can be mimicked, in part, by PHDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Cheng Tan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Health Science, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Renata S. M. Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kar Kheng Yeoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Lucy Ambrose
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Kay E. Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Crisostomo V, Casado JG, Baez-Diaz C, Blazquez R, Sanchez-Margallo FM. Allogeneic cardiac stem cell administration for acute myocardial infarction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:285-99. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1011621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of resident endogenous c-Kit+ cardiac stem cells from the adult mouse and rat heart. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:1662-81. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Ellison GM, Smith AJ, Waring CD, Henning BJ, Burdina AO, Polydorou J, Vicinanza C, Lewis FC, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Adult Cardiac Stem Cells: Identity, Location and Potential. ADULT STEM CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9569-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ball DR, Cruickshank R, Carr CA, Stuckey DJ, Lee P, Clarke K, Tyler DJ. Metabolic imaging of acute and chronic infarction in the perfused rat heart using hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1441-1450. [PMID: 23775685 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarised (13)C MRI can be used to generate metabolic images of the heart in vivo. However, there have been no similar studies performed in the isolated perfused heart. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method for the creation of (13)C metabolite maps of the perfused rat heart and to demonstrate the technique in a study of acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Male Wistar rat hearts were isolated, perfused and imaged before and after occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, creating an acute infarct group. In addition, a chronic infarct group was generated from hearts which had their LAD coronary artery occluded in vivo. Four weeks later, hearts were excised, perfused and imaged to generate metabolic maps of infused pyruvate and its metabolites lactate and bicarbonate. Myocardial perfusion and energetics were assessed by first-pass perfusion imaging and (31)P MRS, respectively. In both acute and chronically infarcted hearts, perfusion was reduced to the infarct region, as revealed by reduced gadolinium influx and lower signal intensity in the hyperpolarised pyruvate images. In the acute infarct region, there were significant alterations in the lactate (increased) and bicarbonate (decreased) signal ratios. In the chronically infarcted region, there was a significant reduction in both bicarbonate and lactate signals. (31)P-derived energetics revealed a significant decrease between control and chronic infarcted hearts. Significant decreases in contractile function between control and both acute and chronic infracted hearts were also seen. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that hyperpolarised pyruvate can detect reduced perfusion in the rat heart following both acute and chronic infarction. Changes in lactate and bicarbonate ratios indicate increased anaerobic metabolism in the acute infarct, which is not observed in the chronic infarct. Thus, this study has successfully demonstrated a novel imaging approach to assess altered metabolism in the isolated perfused rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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42
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Telukuntla KS, Suncion VY, Schulman IH, Hare JM. The advancing field of cell-based therapy: insights and lessons from clinical trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000338. [PMID: 24113326 PMCID: PMC3835242 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik S Telukuntla
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Zakharova L, Nural-Guvener H, Nimlos J, Popovic S, Gaballa MA. Chronic heart failure is associated with transforming growth factor beta-dependent yield and functional decline in atrial explant-derived c-Kit+ cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000317. [PMID: 24088507 PMCID: PMC3835238 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac c-Kit+ cells isolated from cardiac explant-derived cells modestly improve cardiac functions after myocardial infarction; however, their full potential has not yet been realized. For instance, the majority of potential candidates for cell therapy suffer from chronic heart failure (CHF), and it is unclear how this disease affects the explant-derived progenitor cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of CHF on the number and phenotype of cardiac explant c-Kit+ progenitors and elucidate mechanisms of their regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction was created by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Sham-operated animals were used as a control group. CHF-developed infarcted animals were selected on the basis of left ventricle end-diastolic pressure ≥ 20 mm Hg and scar size ≥ 30%. Here, we found that CHF atrial explants produced less c-Kit+ cells than sham explants. CHF-derived c-Kit+ cells exhibited upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, increased level of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, and diminished expression of pluripotency markers compared with shams. We show that intervention with TGF-β signaling by inhibiting TGF-β receptor type I or Smad 2/3 using small-molecule inhibitors improved c-Kit+ cell yield, attenuated epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, stimulated the pluripotency marker Nanog, and improved efficiency of c-Kit+ cell differentiation toward cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that TGF-β inhibition positively modulates c-Kit+ cell phenotype and function in vitro, and this strategy may be considered in optimizing cardiac progenitor function and cell expansion protocols for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Zakharova
- Center for Cardiovascular Research at Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ
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44
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Cell shape and cardiosphere differentiation: a revelation by proteomic profiling. Biochem Res Int 2013; 2013:730874. [PMID: 24073335 PMCID: PMC3773893 DOI: 10.1155/2013/730874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (embryonic stem cells, somatic stem cells such as neural stem cells, and cardiac stem cells) and cancer cells are known to aggregate and form spheroid structures. This behavior is common in undifferentiated cells and may be necessary for adapting to certain conditions such as low-oxygen levels or to maintain undifferentiated status in microenvironments including stem cell niches. In order to decipher the meaning of this spheroid structure, we established a cardiosphere clone (CSC-21E) derived from the rat heart which can switch its morphology between spheroid and nonspheroid. Two forms, floating cardiospheres and dish-attached flat cells, could be switched reversibly by changing the cell culture condition. We performed differential proteome analysis studies and obtained protein profiles distinct between spherical forms and flat cells. From protein profiling analysis, we found upregulation of glycolytic enzymes in spheroids with some stress proteins switched in expression levels between these two forms. Evidence has been accumulating that certain chaperone/stress proteins are upregulated in concert with cellular changes including proliferation and differentiation. We would like to discuss the possible mechanism of how these aggregates affect cell differentiation and/or other cellular functions.
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Sanganalmath SK, Bolli R. Cell therapy for heart failure: a comprehensive overview of experimental and clinical studies, current challenges, and future directions. Circ Res 2013; 113:810-34. [PMID: 23989721 PMCID: PMC3892665 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advances, the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) remains poor, and current therapeutic approaches are palliative in the sense that they do not address the underlying problem of the loss of cardiac tissue. Stem cell-based therapies have the potential to fundamentally transform the treatment of HF by achieving what would have been unthinkable only a few years ago-myocardial regeneration. For the first time since cardiac transplantation, a therapy is being developed to eliminate the underlying cause of HF, not just to achieve damage control. Since the initial report of cell therapy (skeletal myoblasts) in HF in 1998, research has proceeded at lightning speed, and numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been performed that support the ability of various stem cell populations to improve cardiac function and reduce infarct size in both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, we are still at the dawn of this therapeutic revolution. Many important issues (eg, mechanism(s) of action of stem cells, long-term engraftment, optimal cell type(s), and dose, route, and frequency of cell administration) remain to be resolved, and no cell therapy has been conclusively shown to be effective. The purpose of this article is to critically review the large body of work performed with respect to the use of stem/progenitor cells in HF, both at the experimental and clinical levels, and to discuss current controversies, unresolved issues, challenges, and future directions. The review focuses specifically on chronic HF; other settings (eg, acute myocardial infarction, refractory angina) are not discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sanganalmath
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Potential of cardiac stem/progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac repair in ischaemic heart disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 125:319-27. [PMID: 23746375 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cardiac and vascular repair. The ultimate goal is to rebuild functional myocardium by transplanting exogenous stem cells or by activating native stem cells to induce endogenous repair. CS/PCs (cardiac stem/progenitor cells) are one type of adult stem cell with the potential to differentiate into cardiac lineages (cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells). iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) also have the capacity to differentiate into necessary cells to rebuild injured cardiac tissue. Both types of stem cells have brought promise for cardiac repair. The present review summarizes recent advances in cardiac cell therapy based on these two cell sources and discusses the advantages and limitations of each candidate. We conclude that, although both types of stem cells can be considered for autologous transplantation with promising outcomes in animal models, CS/PCs have advanced more in their clinical application because iPSCs and their derivatives possess inherent obstacles for clinical use. Further studies are needed to move cell therapy forward for the treatment of heart disease.
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Tang YL, Wang YJ, Chen LJ, Pan YH, Zhang L, Weintraub NL. Cardiac-derived stem cell-based therapy for heart failure: progress and clinical applications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:294-300. [PMID: 23598975 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213477982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising strategy to treat end-stage heart failure, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Stem cells can be isolated from a variety of sources and exhibit unique characteristics that impact their potential therapeutic utility. The adult heart contains small populations of committed, multipotent cardiac stem cells (CSC), which are adapted to the cardiac microenvironment and participate in postnatal physiological and pathological cardiac renewal or repair. These cells can be isolated, expanded in culture, and administered therapeutically to improve cardiac function in the setting of heart failure. CSC can be differentiated into three distinct cardiovascular lineages and exhibit enhanced paracrine factor production and engraftment as compared with other types of mesenchymal stem cells, which in turn may translate into improved therapeutic efficacy. The cell surface marker expression and phenotype of these CSC, however, depends on the method of isolation, selection and propagation, which likely explains the variable experimental results obtained to date. Moreover, invasive procedures are required to obtain CSC from humans. Early trials using autologous CSC in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy have demonstrated feasibility and safety, along with variable degrees of therapeutic efficacy in terms of enhancing myocardial viability and cardiac function. Further studies are needed to optimize methods of CSC isolation, manipulation and delivery. If fully realized, the potential of CSC therapy could fundamentally change the approach to the treatment of end-stage heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoliang L Tang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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Pendergrass KD, Boopathy AV, Seshadri G, Maiellaro-Rafferty K, Che PL, Brown ME, Davis ME. Acute preconditioning of cardiac progenitor cells with hydrogen peroxide enhances angiogenic pathways following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2414-24. [PMID: 23544670 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a limited number of therapies available to prevent heart failure following myocardial infarction. One novel therapy that is currently being pursued is the implantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs); however, their responses to oxidative stress during differentiation have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment on CPC differentiation in vitro, as well as the effect of H2O2 preconditioning before implantation following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. CPCs were isolated and cloned from adult rat hearts, and then cultured in the absence or presence of H2O2 for 2 or 5 days. CPC survival was assessed with Annexin V, and cellular differentiation was evaluated through mRNA expression for cardiogenic genes. We found that 100 μM H2O2 decreased serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis by at least 45% following both 2 and 5 days of treatment. Moreover, 100 μM H2O2 treatment for 2 days significantly increased endothelial and smooth muscle markers compared to time-matched untreated CPCs. However, continued H2O2 treatment significantly decreased these markers. Left ventricular cardiac function was assessed 28 days after I/R and I/R with the implantation of Luciferase/GFP(+) CPCs, which were preconditioned with 100 μM H2O2 for 2 days. Hearts implanted with Luciferase/GFP(+) CPCs had significant improvement in both positive and negative dP/dT over I/R. Furthermore, cardiac fibrosis was significantly decreased in the preconditioned cells versus both I/R alone and I/R with control cells. We also observed a significant increase in endothelial cell density in the preconditioned CPC hearts compared to untreated CPC hearts, which also coincided with a higher density of Luciferase(+) vessels. These findings suggest that preconditioning of CPCs with H2O2 for 2 days stimulates neoangiogenesis in the peri-infarct area following I/R injury and could be a viable therapeutic option to prevent heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl D Pendergrass
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Cell transplantation as an initiator of endogenous stem cell-based tissue repair. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 17:670-4. [PMID: 23111645 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e328359a617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings of endogenous cell-based tissue repair triggered by a multitude of approaches, especially stem cell therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The emerging evidence has demonstrated that an important role of transplanted cells is to act as an initiator to trigger endogenous stem cell-mediated tissue repair after injury. Multiple approaches may orchestrate endogenous regeneration. The low efficacy of endogenous stem cells may be due to deficiency of cytokines to activate and induce endogenous stem cell homing, relatively insufficient endogenous stem cell pool, diseases or aging-related dysfunction of endogenous stem cells, and hostile microenvironments that limit the capacity of endogenous stem cells to repair damaged tissue. In certain situations, external stimulation and/or exogenous stem cells may be required to catalyze the repair. SUMMARY Endogenous stem cells are playing an important role in tissue repair. An important role of transplanted cells is to act as an initiator to trigger endogenous stem cell-based tissue repair.
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50
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Kreke M, Smith RR, Marbán L, Marbán E. Cardiospheres and cardiosphere-derived cells as therapeutic agents following myocardial infarction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 10:1185-94. [PMID: 23098154 DOI: 10.1586/erc.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cellular therapies hold significant promise for patients with heart disease. Heart-derived progenitor cells are capable of repairing a diseased heart through modulation of growth factor milieu and temporary engraftment leading to endogenous repair. The proof-of-concept CADUCEUS clinical trial using cardiosphere-derived cells has shown evidence of therapeutic cardiac tissue regeneration. Future clinical trials are now being planned to generate additional safety and efficacy data in the hopes of building toward an approved cellular therapy for heart disease.
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