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Peach CJ, Tonello R, Gomez K, Calderon-Rivera A, Bruni R, Bansia H, Maile L, Manu AM, Hahn H, Thomsen ARB, Schmidt BL, Davidson S, des Georges A, Khanna R, Bunnett NW. Neuropilin-1 is a co-receptor for NGF and TrkA-evoked pain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.06.570398. [PMID: 38106002 PMCID: PMC10723411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are one of the few patient-validated non-opioid treatments for chronic pain, despite failing to gain FDA approval due to worsened joint damage in some osteoarthritis patients. Herein, we demonstrate that neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a nociceptor-enriched co-receptor for NGF that is necessary for tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) signaling of pain. NGF binds NRP1 with nanomolar affinity. NRP1 and G Alpha Interacting Protein C-terminus 1 (GIPC1), a NRP1/TrkA adaptor, are coexpressed with TrkA in human and mouse nociceptors. NRP1 small molecule inhibitors and blocking mAb prevent NGF-stimulated action potential firing and activation of Na+ and Ca2+ channels in human and mouse nociceptors and abrogate NGF-evoked and inflammatory nociception in mice. NRP1 knockdown blunts NGF-stimulated TrkA phosphorylation, kinase signaling and transcription, whereas NRP1 overexpression enhances NGF and TrkA signaling. As well as interacting with NGF, NRP1 forms a heteromeric complex with TrkA. NRP1 thereby chaperones TrkA from the biosynthetic pathway to the plasma membrane and then to signaling endosomes, which enhances NGF-induced TrkA dimerization, endocytosis and signaling. Knockdown of GIPC1, a PDZ-binding protein that scaffolds NRP1 and TrkA to myosin VI, abrogates NGF-evoked excitation of nociceptors and pain-like behavior in mice. We identify NRP1 as a previously unrecognized co-receptor necessary for NGF/TrkA pain signaling by direct NGF binding and by chaperoning TrkA to the plasma membrane and signaling endosomes via the adaptor protein GIPC1. Antagonism of NRP1 and GIPC1 in nociceptors offers a long-awaited alternative to systemic sequestration of NGF with mAbs for the treatment of pain.
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2
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Alexandris AS, Koliatsos VE. NAD +, Axonal Maintenance, and Neurological Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1167-1184. [PMID: 37503611 PMCID: PMC10715442 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The remarkable geometry of the axon exposes it to unique challenges for survival and maintenance. Axonal degeneration is a feature of peripheral neuropathies, glaucoma, and traumatic brain injury, and an early event in neurodegenerative diseases. Since the discovery of Wallerian degeneration (WD), a molecular program that hijacks nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism for axonal self-destruction, the complex roles of NAD+ in axonal viability and disease have become research priority. Recent Advances: The discoveries of the protective Wallerian degeneration slow (WldS) and of sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) activation as the main instructive signal for WD have shed new light on the regulatory role of NAD+ in axonal degeneration in a growing number of neurological diseases. SARM1 has been characterized as a NAD+ hydrolase and sensor of NAD+ metabolism. The discovery of regulators of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) proteostasis in axons, the allosteric regulation of SARM1 by NAD+ and NMN, and the existence of clinically relevant windows of action of these signals has opened new opportunities for therapeutic interventions, including SARM1 inhibitors and modulators of NAD+ metabolism. Critical Issues: Events upstream and downstream of SARM1 remain unclear. Furthermore, manipulating NAD+ metabolism, an overdetermined process crucial in cell survival, for preventing the degeneration of the injured axon may be difficult and potentially toxic. Future Directions: There is a need for clarification of the distinct roles of NAD+ metabolism in axonal maintenance as contrasted to WD. There is also a need to better understand the role of NAD+ metabolism in axonal endangerment in neuropathies, diseases of the white matter, and the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1167-1184.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vassilis E. Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Hansen J, Siddiq MM, Yadaw AS, Tolentino RE, Rabinovich V, Jayaraman G, Jain MR, Liu T, Li H, Xiong Y, Goldfarb J, Iyengar R. Whole cell response to receptor stimulation involves many deep and distributed subcellular biochemical processes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102325. [PMID: 35926710 PMCID: PMC9520007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is an integrated whole cell response triggered by the cannabinoid-1 receptor. We sought to identify the many different biochemical pathways that contribute to this whole cell response. To understand underlying mechanisms, we identified subcellular processes (SCPs) composed of one or more biochemical pathways and their interactions required for this response. Differentially expressed genes and proteins were obtained from bulk transcriptomics and proteomic analysis of extracts from cells stimulated with a cannabinoid-1 receptor agonist. We used these differentially expressed genes and proteins to build networks of interacting SCPs by combining the expression data with prior pathway knowledge. From these SCP networks, we identified additional genes that when ablated, experimentally validated the SCP involvement in neurite outgrowth. Our experiments and informatics modeling allowed us to identify diverse SCPs such as those involved in pyrimidine metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and mRNA splicing and stability, along with more predictable SCPs such as membrane vesicle transport and microtubule dynamics. We find that SCPs required for neurite outgrowth are widely distributed among many biochemical pathways required for constitutive cellular functions, several of which are termed ‘deep’, since they are distal to signaling pathways and the key SCPs directly involved in extension of the neurite. In contrast, ‘proximal’ SCPs are involved in microtubule growth and membrane vesicle transport dynamics required for neurite outgrowth. From these bioinformatics and dynamical models based on experimental data, we conclude that receptor-mediated regulation of subcellular functions for neurite outgrowth is both distributed, that is, involves many different biochemical pathways, and deep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hansen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Mustafa M Siddiq
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Arjun Singh Yadaw
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Rosa E Tolentino
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Vera Rabinovich
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Gomathi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Mohit Raja Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NY, 07103, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NY, 07103, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NY, 07103, United States
| | - Yuguang Xiong
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Joseph Goldfarb
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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4
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Shah SH, Schiapparelli LM, Yokota S, Ma Y, Xia X, Shankar S, Saturday S, Nahmou M, Sun C, Yates J, Cline HT, Goldberg JL. Quantitative BONCAT Allows Identification of Newly Synthesized Proteins after Optic Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4042-4052. [PMID: 35396330 PMCID: PMC9097770 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3100-20.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die after optic nerve trauma or in degenerative disease. However, acute changes in protein expression that may regulate RGC response to injury are not fully understood, and detailed methods to quantify new protein synthesis have not been tested. Here, we develop and apply a new in vivo quantitative measure of newly synthesized proteins to examine changes occurring in the retina after optic nerve injury. Azidohomoalanine, a noncanonical amino acid, was injected intravitreally into the eyes of rodents of either sex with or without optic nerve injury. Isotope variants of biotin-alkyne were used for quantitative BONCAT (QBONCAT) mass spectrometry, allowing identification of protein synthesis and transport rate changes in more than 1000 proteins at 1 or 5 d after optic nerve injury. In vitro screening showed several newly synthesized proteins regulate axon outgrowth in primary neurons in vitro This novel approach to targeted quantification of newly synthesized proteins after injury uncovers a dynamic translational response within broader proteostasis regulation and enhances our understanding of the cellular response to injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Optic nerve injury results in death and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. The specific cellular response to injury, including changes in new protein synthesis, is obscured by existing proteins and protein degradation. In this study, we introduce QBONCAT to isolate and quantify acute protein synthesis and subsequent transport between cellular compartments. We identify novel candidate protein effectors of the regenerative response and uncover their regulation of axon growth in vitro, validating the utility of QBONCAT for the discovery of novel regulatory and therapeutic candidates after optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil H Shah
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303
- Neuroscience Department and Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92093
- Neurosciences Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Lucio M Schiapparelli
- Neuroscience Department and Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92093
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303
| | - Yuanhui Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Xin Xia
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303
| | - Sahana Shankar
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303
| | - Sarah Saturday
- Neuroscience Department and Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michael Nahmou
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303
| | - Catalina Sun
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303
| | - John Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Hollis T Cline
- Neuroscience Department and Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303
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5
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Wang JY, Zhang W, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MW, Roehrl MH. An Autoantigen Atlas From Human Lung HFL1 Cells Offers Clues to Neurological and Diverse Autoimmune Manifestations of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831849. [PMID: 35401574 PMCID: PMC8987778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is accompanied by a myriad of both transient and long-lasting autoimmune responses. Dermatan sulfate (DS), a glycosaminoglycan crucial for wound healing, has unique affinity for autoantigens (autoAgs) from apoptotic cells. DS-autoAg complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production. We used DS-affinity proteomics to define the autoantigen-ome of lung fibroblasts and bioinformatics analyses to study the relationship between autoantigenic proteins and COVID-induced alterations. Using DS-affinity, we identified an autoantigen-ome of 408 proteins from human HFL1 cells, at least 231 of which are known autoAgs. Comparing with available COVID data, 352 proteins of the autoantigen-ome have thus far been found to be altered at protein or RNA levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection, 210 of which are known autoAgs. The COVID-altered proteins are significantly associated with RNA metabolism, translation, vesicles and vesicle transport, cell death, supramolecular fibrils, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and interleukin signaling. They offer clues to neurological problems, fibrosis, smooth muscle dysfunction, and thrombosis. In particular, 150 altered proteins are related to the nervous system, including axon, myelin sheath, neuron projection, neuronal cell body, and olfactory bulb. An association with the melanosome is also identified. The findings from our study illustrate a connection between COVID infection and autoimmunity. The vast number of COVID-altered proteins with high intrinsic propensity to become autoAgs offers an explanation for the diverse autoimmune complications in COVID patients. The variety of autoAgs related to mRNA metabolism, translation, and vesicles suggests a need for long-term monitoring of autoimmunity in COVID. The COVID autoantigen atlas we are establishing provides a detailed molecular map for further investigation of autoimmune sequelae of the pandemic, such as "long COVID" syndrome. Summary Sentence An autoantigen-ome by dermatan sulfate affinity from human lung HFL1 cells may explain neurological and autoimmune manifestations of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Meehan SD, Abdelrahman L, Arcuri J, Park KK, Samarah M, Bhattacharya SK. Proteomics and systems biology in optic nerve regeneration. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 127:249-270. [PMID: 34340769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We present an overview of current state of proteomic approaches as applied to optic nerve regeneration in the historical context of nerve regeneration particularly central nervous system neuronal regeneration. We present outlook pertaining to the optic nerve regeneration proteomics that the latter can extrapolate information from multi-systems level investigations. We present an account of the current need of systems level standardization for comparison of proteome from various models and across different pharmacological or biophysical treatments that promote adult neuron regeneration. We briefly overview the need for deriving knowledge from proteomics and integrating with other omics to obtain greater biological insight into process of adult neuron regeneration in the optic nerve and its potential applicability to other central nervous system neuron regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Meehan
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Leila Abdelrahman
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Arcuri
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kevin K Park
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
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7
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Wang JY, Zhang W, Roehrl MW, Roehrl VB, Roehrl MH. An Autoantigen Atlas from Human Lung HFL1 Cells Offers Clues to Neurological and Diverse Autoimmune Manifestations of COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.01.24.427965. [PMID: 33501444 PMCID: PMC7836114 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.24.427965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is accompanied by a myriad of both transient and long-lasting autoimmune responses. Dermatan sulfate (DS), a glycosaminoglycan crucial for wound healing, has unique affinity for autoantigens (autoAgs) from apoptotic cells. DS-autoAg complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive B cells and autoantibody production. Using DS affinity, we identified an autoantigenome of 408 proteins from human fetal lung fibroblast HFL11 cells, at least 231 of which are known autoAgs. Comparing with available COVID data, 352 proteins of the autoantigenome have thus far been found to be altered at protein or RNA levels in SARS-Cov-2 infection, 210 of which are known autoAgs. The COVID-altered proteins are significantly associated with RNA metabolism, translation, vesicles and vesicle transport, cell death, supramolecular fibrils, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and interleukin signaling. They offer clues to neurological problems, fibrosis, smooth muscle dysfunction, and thrombosis. In particular, 150 altered proteins are related to the nervous system, including axon, myelin sheath, neuron projection, neuronal cell body, and olfactory bulb. An association with the melanosome is also identified. The findings from our study illustrate a strong connection between viral infection and autoimmunity. The vast number of COVID-altered proteins with propensity to become autoAgs offers an explanation for the diverse autoimmune complications in COVID patients. The variety of autoAgs related to mRNA metabolism, translation, and vesicles raises concerns about potential adverse effects of mRNA vaccines. The COVID autoantigen atlas we are establishing provides a detailed molecular map for further investigation of autoimmune sequelae of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | | | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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8
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics identifies neuronal differentiation pathway networks activated by cathepsin inhibition treatment in neuroblastoma cells that are enhanced by concurrent 13-cis retinoic acid treatment. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104068. [PMID: 33278663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric cancer involving the peripheral nervous system in which stage IVS metastatic tumors regress due to spontaneous differentiation. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic for its differentiation effects and although it improves outcomes, relapse is seen in half of high-risk patients. Combinatorial therapies have been shown to be more effective in oncotherapy and since cathepsin inhibition reduces tumor growth, we explored the potential of coupling 13-cis RA with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) to enhance therapeutic efficacy against neuroblastoma. Shotgun proteomics was used to identify proteins affected by K777 and dual (13-cis RA/K777) treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Cathepsin inhibition was more effective in increasing proteins involved in neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth than 13-cis RA alone, but the combination of both treatments enhanced the neuronal differentiation effect. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of more accurate diagnostic markers and more effective treatments. In this study, we established a differentiation proteomic map of SK-N-SH cells treated with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) and K777/13-cis RA (dual). Bioinformatic analysis revealed these treatments enhanced neuronal differentiation and axonogenesis pathways. The most affected proteins in these pathways may become valuable biomarkers of efficacy of drugs designed to enhance differentiation of neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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9
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Weghorst F, Mirzakhanyan Y, Samimi K, Dhillon M, Barzik M, Cunningham LL, Gershon PD, Cramer KS. Caspase-3 Cleaves Extracellular Vesicle Proteins During Auditory Brainstem Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:573345. [PMID: 33281555 PMCID: PMC7689216 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.573345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sound localization requires extremely precise development of auditory brainstem circuits, the molecular mechanisms of which are largely unknown. We previously demonstrated a novel requirement for non-apoptotic activity of the protease caspase-3 in chick auditory brainstem development. Here, we used mass spectrometry to identify proteolytic substrates of caspase-3 during chick auditory brainstem development. These auditory brainstem caspase-3 substrates were enriched for proteins previously shown to be cleaved by caspase-3, especially in non-apoptotic contexts. Functional annotation analysis revealed that our caspase-3 substrates were also enriched for proteins associated with several protein categories, including proteins found in extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound nanoparticles that function in intercellular communication. The proteome of EVs isolated from the auditory brainstem was highly enriched for our caspase-3 substrates. Additionally, we identified two caspase-3 substrates with known functions in axon guidance, namely Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) and Neuronal-glial Cell Adhesion Molecule (Ng-CAM), that were found in auditory brainstem EVs and expressed in the auditory pathway alongside cleaved caspase-3. Taken together, these data suggest a novel developmental mechanism whereby caspase-3 influences auditory brainstem circuit formation through the proteolytic cleavage of extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Weghorst
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yeva Mirzakhanyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kian Samimi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mehron Dhillon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Melanie Barzik
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul D. Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Karina S. Cramer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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10
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Igarashi M, Honda A, Kawasaki A, Nozumi M. Neuronal Signaling Involved in Neuronal Polarization and Growth: Lipid Rafts and Phosphorylation. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:150. [PMID: 32922262 PMCID: PMC7456915 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization and growth are developmental processes that occur during neuronal cell differentiation. The molecular signaling mechanisms involved in these events in in vivo mammalian brain remain unclear. Also, cellular events of the neuronal polarization process within a given neuron are thought to be constituted of many independent intracellular signal transduction pathways (the "tug-of-war" model). However, in vivo results suggest that such pathways should be cooperative with one another among a given group of neurons in a region of the brain. Lipid rafts, specific membrane domains with low fluidity, are candidates for the hotspots of such intracellular signaling. Among the signals reported to be involved in polarization, a number are thought to be present or translocated to the lipid rafts in response to extracellular signals. As part of our analysis, we discuss how such novel molecular mechanisms are combined for effective regulation of neuronal polarization and growth, focusing on the significance of the lipid rafts, including results based on recently introduced methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuko Honda
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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11
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Phosphoproteomic and bioinformatic methods for analyzing signaling in vertebrate axon growth and regeneration. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 339:108723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Sasaki Y. Local Translation in Growth Cones and Presynapses, Two Axonal Compartments for Local Neuronal Functions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050668. [PMID: 32344905 PMCID: PMC7277458 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During neural development, growth cones, very motile compartments of tips of axons, lead axonal extension to the correct targets. Subsequently, presynapses, another axonal compartment with vigorous trafficking of synaptic vesicles, emerge to form functional synapses with postsynapses. In response to extracellular stimuli, the immediate supply of proteins by local translation within these two axonal compartments far from cell bodies confers high motility of growth cones and active vesicle trafficking in presynapses. Although local translation in growth cones and presynapses occurs at a very low level compared with cell bodies and even dendrites, recent progress in omics and visualization techniques with subcellular fractionation of these compartments has revealed the actual situation of local translation within these two axonal compartments. Here, the increasing evidence for local protein synthesis in growth cones and presynapses for axonal and synaptic functions has been reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms regulating local translation in these two compartments and pathophysiological conditions caused by dysregulated local translation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Sasaki
- Functional Structure Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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13
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Curcumin-Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord and Their Effects on MPTP-Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: A New Biological Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4636397. [PMID: 32148518 PMCID: PMC7048946 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4636397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell activated by curcumin (hUC-MSCs-CUR) on Parkinson's disease (PD). hUC-MSCs can differentiate into many types of adult tissue cells including dopaminergic (DA) neurons. CUR could protect DA neurons from apoptosis induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Therefore, we used the hUC-MSCs activated by CUR for the treatment of PD in an animal model. Methods The hUC-MSCs-CUR was transplanted into the MPTP-induced PD mouse models via the tail vein. We found that hUC-MSCs-CUR significantly improved the motor ability, increased the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine (DA), and Bcl-2 levels, and reduced nitric oxide synthase, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 expression in PD mice. The supernatant of hUC-MSCs-CUR (CM-CUR) was used to stimulate the SH-SY5Y cellular model of PD; cell proliferation, differentiation, TH, and neuronal-specific marker microtubular-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expressions were examined. Results Our data showed that CM-CUR significantly promoted cell proliferation and gradually increased TH and MAP2 expression in SH-SY5Y PD cells. The beneficial effects could be associated with significant increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the hUC-MSCs-CUR, which secretes many cytokines and growth factors beneficial for PD treatment. Conclusions Transplantation of hUC-MSCs-CUR could show promise for improving the motor recovery of PD.
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14
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Chauhan MZ, Arcuri J, Park KK, Zafar MK, Fatmi R, Hackam AS, Yin Y, Benowitz L, Goldberg JL, Samarah M, Bhattacharya SK. Multi-Omic Analyses of Growth Cones at Different Developmental Stages Provides Insight into Pathways in Adult Neuroregeneration. iScience 2020; 23:100836. [PMID: 32058951 PMCID: PMC6997871 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth cones (GCs) are structures associated with growing neurons. GC membrane expansion, which necessitates protein-lipid interactions, is critical to axonal elongation in development and in adult neuritogenesis. We present a multi-omic analysis that integrates proteomics and lipidomics data for the identification of GC pathways, cell phenotypes, and lipid-protein interactions, with an analytic platform to facilitate the visualization of these data. We combine lipidomic data from GC and adult axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush. Our results reveal significant molecular variability in GCs across developmental ages that aligns with the upregulation and downregulation of lipid metabolic processes and correlates with distinct changes in the lipid composition of GC plasmalemma. We find that these processes also define the transition into a growth-permissive state in the adult central nervous system. The insight derived from these analyses will aid in promoting adult regeneration and functional innervation in devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Simultaneous proteomics and lipidomics analyses of developmental growth cones Combined multi-omics analyses of regenerating optic nerves and growth cones Integrating protein-protein with protein-lipid interactions in growth cones
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain Chauhan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jennifer Arcuri
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maroof Khan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Rabeet Fatmi
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Larry Benowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad Samarah
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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15
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics reveals novel differentiation proteins in neuroblastoma cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103491. [PMID: 31472280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is the second most common pediatric cancer. A unique feature of neuroblastoma is remission in some patients due to spontaneous differentiation of metastatic tumors. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic to treat neuroblastoma due to its differentiation inducing effects. In this study, we used shotgun proteomics to identify proteins affected by 13-cis RA treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Our results showed that 13-cis RA reduced proteins involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and organization and increased proteins involved in cell adhesion and neurofilament formation. These changes indicate that 13-cis RA induces tumor cell differentiation by decreasing extracellular matrix rigidity and increasing neurite overgrowth. Differentially-affected proteins identified in this study may be novel biomarkers of drug efficacy in the treatment of neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of novel treatments. 13-cis retinoic acid is currently used in the clinic as a differentiation inducer. Here we have established a proteome map of SK-N-SH cells treated with 13-cis retinoic acid. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the involvement of development, differentiation, extracellular matrix assembly, collagen biosynthesis, and neurofilament bundle association. This proteome map provides information as to which proteins are important for differentiation and identifies networks that can be targeted by drugs to treat neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Formicola N, Vijayakumar J, Besse F. Neuronal ribonucleoprotein granules: Dynamic sensors of localized signals. Traffic 2019; 20:639-649. [PMID: 31206920 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-less organelles, because of their capacity to dynamically, selectively and reversibly concentrate molecules, are very well adapted for local information processing and rapid response to environmental fluctuations. These features are particularly important in the context of neuronal cells, where synapse-specific activation, or localized extracellular cues, induce signaling events restricted to specialized axonal or dendritic subcompartments. Neuronal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles, or granules, are nonmembrane bound macromolecular condensates that concentrate specific sets of mRNAs and regulatory proteins, promoting their long-distance transport to axons or dendrites. Neuronal RNP granules also have a dual function in regulating the translation of associated mRNAs: while preventing mRNA translation at rest, they fuel local protein synthesis upon activation. As revealed by recent work, rapid and reversible switches between these two functional modes are triggered by modifications of the networks of interactions underlying RNP granule assembly. Such flexible properties also come with a cost, as neuronal RNP granules are prone to transition into pathological aggregates in response to mutations, aging, or cellular stresses, further emphasizing the need to better understand the mechanistic principles governing their dynamic assembly and regulation in living systems.
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17
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Farias J, Sotelo JR, Sotelo‐Silveira J. Toward Axonal System Biology: Genome Wide Views of Local mRNA Translation. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900054. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquina Farias
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos NucleicosInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
- Departamento de GenómicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
| | - José Roberto Sotelo
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos NucleicosInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
| | - José Sotelo‐Silveira
- Departamento de GenómicaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo CP 11600 Uruguay
- Sección Biología CelularFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Montevideo CP 11400 Uruguay
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18
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Trzeciecka A, Bhattacharya SK. Dataset of growth cone-enriched lipidome and proteome of embryonic to early postnatal mouse brain. Data Brief 2019; 24:103865. [PMID: 31016214 PMCID: PMC6468181 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A growth cone is a part of a neuron considered as a hub for axon growth, motility and guidance functions. Growth cones are thought to play a critical role during development of neurons. Growth cones also play a significant role in adult regeneration. Here, we present a dataset on the lipid and protein profiling of the growth cone-enriched fractions derived from C57BL/6J mice forebrains of developmental stage: E18, P0, P3, P6, and P9. For comparison, we analyzed non-growth cone membranes from the same samples. Lipid data is available at the Metabolomics Workbench [http://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org (Project ID: PR000746)]. Protein data is available at Proteomics Identifications (PRIDE) partner repository (PRIDE identifier PXD012134).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trzeciecka
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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19
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A novel Microproteomic Approach Using Laser Capture Microdissection to Study Cellular Protrusions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051172. [PMID: 30866487 PMCID: PMC6429397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell communication is vital to multicellular organisms, and distinct types of cellular protrusions play critical roles during development, cell signaling, and the spreading of pathogens and cancer. The differences in the structure and protein composition of these different types of protrusions and their specific functions have not been elucidated due to the lack of a method for their specific isolation and analysis. In this paper, we described, for the first time, a method to specifically isolate distinct protrusion subtypes, based on their morphological structures or fluorescent markers, using laser capture microdissection (LCM). Combined with a unique fixation and protein extraction protocol, we pushed the limits of microproteomics and demonstrate that proteins from LCM-isolated protrusions can successfully and reproducibly be identified by mass spectrometry using ultra-high field Orbitrap technologies. Our method confirmed that different types of protrusions have distinct proteomes and it promises to advance the characterization and the understanding of these unique structures to shed light on their possible role in health and disease.
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20
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IGARASHI M. Molecular basis of the functions of the mammalian neuronal growth cone revealed using new methods. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:358-377. [PMID: 31406059 PMCID: PMC6766448 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal growth cone is a highly motile, specialized structure for extending neuronal processes. This structure is essential for nerve growth, axon pathfinding, and accurate synaptogenesis. Growth cones are important not only during development but also for plasticity-dependent synaptogenesis and neuronal circuit rearrangement following neural injury in the mature brain. However, the molecular details of mammalian growth cone function are poorly understood. This review examines molecular findings on the function of the growth cone as a result of the introduction of novel methods such superresolution microscopy and (phospho)proteomics. These results increase the scope of our understating of the molecular mechanisms of growth cone behavior in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro IGARASHI
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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21
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Gouveia Roque C, Holt CE. Growth Cone Tctp Is Dynamically Regulated by Guidance Cues. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:399. [PMID: 30459552 PMCID: PMC6232380 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (Tctp) contributes to retinal circuitry formation by promoting axon growth and guidance, but it remains unknown to what extent axonal Tctp specifically influences axon development programs. Various genome-wide profiling studies have ranked tctp transcripts among the most enriched in the axonal compartment of distinct neuronal populations, including embryonic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), suggesting its expression can be regulated locally and that this may be important during development. Here, we report that growth cone Tctp levels change rapidly in response to Netrin-1 and Ephrin-A1, two guidance cues encountered by navigating RGC growth cones. This regulation is opposite in effect, as we observed protein synthesis- and mTORC1-dependent increases in growth cone Tctp levels after acute treatment with Netrin-1, but a decline upon exposure to Ephrin-A1, an inhibitor of mTORC1. Live imaging with translation reporters further showed that Netrin-1-induced synthesis of Tctp in growth cones is driven by a short 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) tctp mRNA isoform. However, acute inhibition of de novo Tctp synthesis in axons did not perturb the advance of retinal projections through the optic tract in vivo, indicating that locally produced Tctp is not necessary for normal axon growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Gouveia Roque
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Distal Axonal Proteins and Their Related MiRNAs in Cultured Cortical Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2703-2713. [PMID: 30054858 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) within the axon locally regulate axonal development. However, protein profiles of distal axons of cortical neurons have not been fully investigated. In particular, networks of genes encoding axonal proteins and their related miRNAs in sub compartments of neurons such as axons remain unknown. Using embryonic cortical neurons cultured in a microfluidic device and proteomic approaches, we found that distal axons contain 883 proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 94 out of these 883 proteins are related to regulating axonal growth. Of the 94 genes encoding these proteins, there were 56 candidate genes that can be putatively targeted by axon-enriched 62 miRNAs with 8mer sites that exactly match these target genes. Among them, we validated 11 proteins and 11 miRNAs, by means of western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Treatment of distal axons with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that inhibit axonal growth elevated miR-133b, -203a, -29a, and -92a, which were associated with reduced protein level of AKT, MTOR, PI3K, DPYSL2, MAP1B, and PPP2CA. In contrast, reduction of miR-128, -15b, -195, -26b, -34b, -376b, and -381 by CSPGs was accompanied by increased EZR, KIF5A, DCX, GSK3B, and ROCK2 proteins. In silico pathway analysis revealed an interconnected network of these miRNAs and protein coding genes that is highly related to regulating axonal growth. Our data provide new insights into networks of miRNAs and their related proteins in distal axons in mediating axonal growth.
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23
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Kawasaki A, Okada M, Tamada A, Okuda S, Nozumi M, Ito Y, Kobayashi D, Yamasaki T, Yokoyama R, Shibata T, Nishina H, Yoshida Y, Fujii Y, Takeuchi K, Igarashi M. Growth Cone Phosphoproteomics Reveals that GAP-43 Phosphorylated by JNK Is a Marker of Axon Growth and Regeneration. iScience 2018; 4:190-203. [PMID: 30240740 PMCID: PMC6147025 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal growth cones are essential for nerve growth and regeneration, as well as for the formation and rearrangement of the neural network. To elucidate phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways and establish useful molecular markers for axon growth and regeneration, we performed a phosphoproteomics study of mammalian growth cones, which identified >30,000 phosphopeptides of ∼1,200 proteins. The phosphorylation sites were highly proline directed and primarily MAPK dependent, owing to the activation of JNK, suggesting that proteins that undergo proline-directed phosphorylation mediate nerve growth in the mammalian brain. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that phosphoproteins were enriched in microtubules and the cortical cytoskeleton. The most frequently phosphorylated site was S96 of GAP-43 (growth-associated protein 43-kDa), a vertebrate-specific protein involved in axon growth. This previously uncharacterized phosphorylation site was JNK dependent. S96 phosphorylation was specifically detected in growing and regenerating axons as the most frequent target of JNK signaling; thus it represents a promising new molecular marker for mammalian axonal growth and regeneration. Phosphoproteomics of mammalian growth cone membranes reveals activation of MAPK JNK is the activated MAPK in growth cones and phosphorylates S96 of GAP-43 pS96 of GAP-43, the most frequent site, is observed in growing axons pS96 is biochemically detected in the regenerating axons of the peripheral nerves
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Trans-disciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Trans-disciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Trans-disciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Trans-disciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Yokoyama
- K.K. Sciex Japan, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0001, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Center for Coordination of Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Takeuchi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Trans-disciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Center for Trans-disciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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Chuang CF, King CE, Ho BW, Chien KY, Chang YC. Unbiased Proteomic Study of the Axons of Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1953-1966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
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25
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Abstract
Koppel & Fainzilber review translatomics and proteomics methods for studying protein synthesis at subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Koppel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 76100 Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- 76100 Rehovot
- Israel
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26
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Luarte A, Cornejo VH, Bertin F, Gallardo J, Couve A. The axonal endoplasmic reticulum: One organelle-many functions in development, maintenance, and plasticity. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:181-208. [PMID: 29134778 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is highly conserved in eukaryotes and neurons. Indeed, the localization of the organelle in axons has been known for nearly half a century. However, the relevance of the axonal ER is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss the structure of the ER in axons, examining the role of ER-shaping proteins and highlighting reticulons. We analyze the multiple functions of the ER and their potential contribution to axonal physiology. First, we examine the emerging roles of the axonal ER in lipid synthesis, protein translation, processing, quality control, and secretory trafficking of transmembrane proteins. We also review the impact of the ER on calcium dynamics, focusing on intracellular mechanisms and functions. We describe the interactions between the ER and endosomes, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we analyze available proteomic data of axonal preparations to reveal the dynamic functionality of the ER in axons during development. We suggest that the dynamic proteome and a validated axonal interactome, together with state-of-the-art methodologies, may provide interesting research avenues in axon physiology that may extend to pathology and regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 181-208, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Luarte
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Hugo Cornejo
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Bertin
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Gallardo
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Couve
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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27
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The Basic Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 pUS9 Recruits Kinesin-1 To Facilitate Egress from Neurons. J Virol 2015; 90:2102-11. [PMID: 26656703 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03041-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The alphaherpesviral envelope protein pUS9 has been shown to play a role in the anterograde axonal transport of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), yet the molecular mechanism is unknown. To address this, we used an in vitro pulldown assay to define a series of five arginine residues within the conserved pUS9 basic domain that were essential for binding the molecular motor kinesin-1. The mutation of these pUS9 arginine residues to asparagine blocked the binding of both recombinant and native kinesin-1. We next generated HSV-1 with the same pUS9 arginine residues mutated to asparagine (HSV-1pUS9KBDM) and then restored them being to arginine (HSV-1pUS9KBDR). The two mutated viruses were analyzed initially in a zosteriform model of recurrent cutaneous infection. The primary skin lesion scores were identical in severity and kinetics, and there were no differences in viral load at dorsal root ganglionic (DRG) neurons at day 4 postinfection (p.i.) for both viruses. In contrast, HSV-1pUS9KBDM showed a partial reduction in secondary skin lesions at day 8 p.i. compared to the level for HSV-1pUS9KBDR. The use of rat DRG neuronal cultures in a microfluidic chamber system showed both a reduction in anterograde axonal transport and spread from axons to nonneuronal cells for HSV-1pUS9KBDM. Therefore, the basic domain of pUS9 contributes to anterograde axonal transport and spread of HSV-1 from neurons to the skin through recruitment of kinesin-1. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 cause genital herpes, blindness, encephalitis, and occasionally neonatal deaths. There is also increasing evidence that sexually transmitted genital herpes increases HIV acquisition, and the reactivation of HSV increases HIV replication and transmission. New antiviral strategies are required to control resistant viruses and to block HSV spread, thereby reducing HIV acquisition and transmission. These aims will be facilitated through understanding how HSV is transported down nerves and into skin. In this study, we have defined how a key viral protein plays a role in both axonal transport and spread of the virus from nerve cells to the skin.
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28
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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 is a novel target to promote axonal regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15220-5. [PMID: 26598704 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509754112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for the restoration of neurological functions after acute axonal injury are severely limited. In addition to limiting neuronal loss, effective treatments face the challenge of restoring axonal growth within an injury environment where inhibitory molecules from damaged myelin and activated astrocytes act as molecular and physical barriers. Overcoming these barriers to permit axon growth is critical for the development of any repair strategy in the central nervous system. Here, we identify poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) as a previously unidentified and critical mediator of multiple growth-inhibitory signals. We show that exposure of neurons to growth-limiting molecules--such as myelin-derived Nogo and myelin-associated glycoprotein--or reactive astrocyte-produced chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans activates PARP1, resulting in the accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the cell body and axon and limited axonal growth. Accordingly, we find that pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of PARP1 markedly facilitates axon regeneration over nonpermissive substrates. Together, our findings provide critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of axon growth inhibition and identify PARP1 as an effective target to promote axon regeneration.
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29
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Islam MA, Sharif SR, Lee H, Moon IS. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Kinase Promotes the Axonal Growth of Developing Neurons. Mol Cells 2015; 38:876-85. [PMID: 26467288 PMCID: PMC4625069 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase (NAGK) plays an enzyme activity-independent, non-canonical role in the dendritogenesis of hippocampal neurons in culture. In this study, we investigated its role in axonal development. We found NAGK was distributed throughout neurons until developmental stage 3 (axonal outgrowth), and that its axonal expression remarkably decreased during stage 4 (dendritic outgrowth) and became negligible in stage 5 (mature). Immunocytochemistry (ICC) showed colocalization of NAGK with tubulin in hippocampal neurons and with Golgi in somata, dendrites, and nascent axons. A proximity ligation assay (PLA) for NAGK and Golgi marker protein followed by ICC for tubulin or dynein light chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) in stage 3 neurons showed NAGK-Golgi complex colocalized with DYNLRB1 at the tips of microtubule (MT) fibers in axonal growth cones and in somatodendritic areas. PLAs for NAGK-dynein combined with tubulin or Golgi ICC showed similar signal patterns, indicating a three way interaction between NAGK, dynein, and Golgi in growing axons. In addition, overexpression of the NAGK gene and of kinase mutant NAGK genes increased axonal lengths, and knockdown of NAGK by small hairpin (sh) RNA reduced axonal lengths; suggesting a structural role for NAGK in axonal growth. Finally, transfection of 'DYNLRB1 (74-96)', a small peptide derived from DYNLRB1's C-terminal, which binds with NAGK, resulted in neurons with shorter axons in culture. The authors suggest a NAGK-dynein-Golgi tripartite interaction in growing axons is instrumental during early axonal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714,
Korea
| | - Syeda Ridita Sharif
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714,
Korea
| | - HyunSook Lee
- Dongguk Medical Institute, College of Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714,
Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714,
Korea
- Dongguk Medical Institute, College of Medicine Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714,
Korea
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30
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Analysis of Cdk5-related phosphoproteomics in growth cones. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 52:384-91. [PMID: 24234032 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurons establish interactions with target cells via elongation and guidance of axons, and the growth cone plays pivotal roles in this process. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)is a key regulator of nervous system development. Cdk5 regulates several significant events by phosphorylating substrates that are involved in neurogenesis, and previous studies of Cdk5 have typically focused on single substrates. Here, we took anew approach to investigate Cdk5 substrates using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analyses. Axonal growth cones were isolated and analyzed by HPLC-MALDI-MS/MS. In total, 178,617 MS/MS spectra were detected. Candidates were analyzed by GPS 2.1 and Scansite 3, which predicted that 2,664 and 275 sites, respectively, were potential phosphorylation sites of Cdk5. There were 190 overlapped phosphorylation sites, corresponding to 89 proteins. Those proteins correlated with axonal functions were classified, and two of them were verified using a classic site-specific mutation strategy. This is the first study in which the phosphoproteome of axonal growth cones was identified. The systematic examination of Cdk5 substrates could provide a reference for further study of molecular mechanisms of axonal growth cones, and new insights into treatments of neuronal disorders.
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31
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Igarashi M. Proteomic identification of the molecular basis of mammalian CNS growth cones. Neurosci Res 2014; 88:1-15. [PMID: 25066522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growth cone, which is a unique structure with high motility that forms at the tips of extending axons and dendrites, is crucial to neuronal network formation. Axonal growth of the mammalian CNS is most likely achieved by the complicated coordination of cytoskeletal rearrangement and vesicular trafficking via many proteins. Before recent advances, no methods to identify numerous proteins existed; however, proteomics revolutionarily resolved such problems. In this review, I summarize the profiles of the mammalian growth cone proteins revealed by proteomics as the molecular basis of the growth cone functions, with molecular mapping. These results should be used as a basis for understanding the mechanisms of the complex mammalian CNS developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Trans-disciplinary Program, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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32
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Fernández-Irigoyen J, Zelaya MV, Santamaría E. Applying mass spectrometry-based qualitative proteomics to human amygdaloid complex. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:80. [PMID: 24688456 PMCID: PMC3960493 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdaloid complex is a key brain structure involved in the expression of behaviors and emotions such as learning, fear, and anxiety. Brain diseases including depression, epilepsy, autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease, have been associated with amygdala dysfunction. For several decades, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, volumetric, and cognitive approaches have been the gold standard techniques employed to characterize the amygdala functionality. However, little attention has been focused specifically on the molecular composition of the human amygdala from the perspective of proteomics. We have performed a global proteome analysis employing protein and peptide fractionation methods followed by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS), detecting expression of at least 1820 protein species in human amygdala, corresponding to 1814 proteins which represent a nine-fold increase in proteome coverage with respect to previous proteomic profiling of the rat amygdala. Gene ontology analysis were used to determine biological process represented in human amygdala highlighting molecule transport, nucleotide binding, and oxidoreductase and GTPase activities. Bioinformatic analyses have revealed that nearly 4% of identified proteins have been previously associated to neurodegenerative syndromes, and 26% of amygdaloid proteins were also found to be present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In particular, a subset of amygdaloid proteins was mainly involved in axon guidance, synaptic vesicle release, L1CAM interactome, and signaling pathways transduced by NGF and NCAM1. Taken together, our data contributes to the repertoire of the human brain proteome, serving as a reference library to provide basic information for understanding the neurobiology of the human amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María V Zelaya
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet Pamplona, Spain
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33
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Gomes C, Merianda TT, Lee SJ, Yoo S, Twiss JL. Molecular determinants of the axonal mRNA transcriptome. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:218-32. [PMID: 23959706 PMCID: PMC3933445 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Axonal protein synthesis has been shown to play a role in developmental and regenerative growth, as well as in cell body responses to axotomy. Recent studies have begun to identify the protein products that contribute to these autonomous responses of axons. In the peripheral nervous system, intra-axonal protein synthesis has been implicated in the localized in vivo responses to neuropathic stimuli, and there is emerging evidence for protein synthesis in CNS axons in vivo. Despite that hundreds of mRNAs have now been shown to localize into the axonal compartment, knowledge of what RNA binding proteins are responsible for this is quite limited. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of RNA transport mechanisms and highlight recently uncovered mechanisms for dynamically altering the axonal transcriptome. Both changes in the levels or activities of components of the RNA transport apparatus and alterations in transcription of transported mRNAs can effectively shift the axonal mRNA population. Consistent with this, the axonal RNA population shifts with development, with changes in growth state, and in response to extracellular stimulation. Each of these events must impact the transcriptional and transport apparatuses of the neuron, thus directly and indirectly modifying the axonal transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gomes
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Tanuja T. Merianda
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Soonmoon Yoo
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803 USA
| | - Jeffery L. Twiss
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201
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34
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Kaplan A, Kent CB, Charron F, Fournier AE. Switching responses: spatial and temporal regulators of axon guidance. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1077-86. [PMID: 24271658 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the axonal growth cone to switch between attraction and repulsion in response to guidance cues in the extracellular environment during nervous system development is fundamental to the precise wiring of complex neural circuits. Regulation of cell-surface receptors by means of transcriptional control, local translation, trafficking and proteolytic processing are powerful mechanisms to regulate the response of the growth cone. Important work has also revealed how intracellular signalling pathways, including calcium and cyclic nucleotide signalling, can alter the directional response elicited by a particular cue. Here, we describe how these multiple regulatory mechanisms influence growth cone turning behaviour. We focus on recent evidence that suggests a significant role for 14-3-3 adaptor proteins in modifying growth cone turning behaviour and mediating directional polarity switches during development. Characterizing how 14-3-3 s regulate growth cone signalling will provide invaluable insight into nervous system development and may facilitate the identification of novel targets for promoting nerve regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kaplan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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35
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Sun Y, Zhao G, Liu R, Zheng M, Hu Y, Wu D, Zhang L, Li P, Wen J. The identification of 14 new genes for meat quality traits in chicken using a genome-wide association study. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:458. [PMID: 23834466 PMCID: PMC3707761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat quality is an important economic trait in chickens. To identify loci and genes associated with meat quality traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of F2 populations derived from a local Chinese breed (Beijing-You chickens) and a commercial fast-growing broiler line (Cobb-Vantress). Results In the present study, 33 association signals were detected from the compressed mixed linear model (MLM) for 10 meat quality traits: dry matter in breast muscle (DMBr), dry matter in thigh muscle (DMTh), intramuscular fat content in breast muscle (IMFBr), meat color lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values, skin color L*, a* (redness) and b* values, abdominal fat weight (AbFW) and AbFW as a percentage of eviscerated weight (AbFP). Relative expressions of candidate genes identified near significant signals were compared using samples of chickens with High and Low phenotypic values. A total of 14 genes associated with IMFBr, meat color L*, AbFW, and AbFP, were differentially expressed between the High and Low phenotypic groups. These genes are, therefore, prospective candidate genes for meat quality traits: protein tyrosine kinase (TYRO3) and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) for IMFBr; collagen, type I, alpha 2 (COL1A2) for meat color L*; and RET proto-oncogene (RET), natriuretic peptide B (NPPB) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) for the abdominal fat (AbF) traits. Conclusions Based on the association signals and differential expression of nearby genes, 14 candidate loci and genes for IMFBr, meat L* and b* values, and AbF are identified. The results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying meat quality traits in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfa Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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36
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Hörnberg H, Holt C. RNA-binding proteins and translational regulation in axons and growth cones. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:81. [PMID: 23734093 PMCID: PMC3661996 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA localization and regulation play an important role in the developing and adult nervous system. In navigating axons, extrinsic cues can elicit rapid local protein synthesis that mediates directional or morphological responses. The mRNA repertoire in axons is large and dynamically changing, yet studies suggest that only a subset of these mRNAs are translated after cue stimulation, suggesting the need for a high level of translational regulation. Here, we review the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as local regulators of translation in developing axons. We focus on their role in growth, guidance, and synapse formation, and discuss the mechanisms by which they regulate translation in axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hörnberg
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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37
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Sosa LJ, Bergman J, Estrada-Bernal A, Glorioso TJ, Kittelson JM, Pfenninger KH. Amyloid precursor protein is an autonomous growth cone adhesion molecule engaged in contact guidance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64521. [PMID: 23691241 PMCID: PMC3653867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is well known for its involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease of the aging brain, but its normal function is unclear. APP is a prominent component of the adult as well as the developing brain. It is enriched in axonal growth cones (GCs) and has been implicated in cell adhesion and motility. We tested the hypothesis that APP is an extracellular matrix adhesion molecule in experiments that isolated the function of APP from that of well-established adhesion molecules. To this end we plated wild-type, APP-, or β1-integrin (Itgb1)- misexpressing mouse hippocampal neurons on matrices of either laminin, recombinant L1, or synthetic peptides binding specifically to Itgb1 s or APP. We measured GC adhesion, initial axonal outgrowth, and substrate preference on alternating matrix stripes and made the following observations: Substrates of APP-binding peptide alone sustain neurite outgrowth; APP dosage controls GC adhesion to laminin and APP-binding peptide as well as axonal outgrowth in Itgb1- independent manner; and APP directs GCs in contact guidance assays. It follows that APP is an independently operating cell adhesion molecule that affects the GC's phenotype on APP-binding matrices including laminin, and that it is likely to affect axon pathfinding in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Sosa
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jared Bergman
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Adriana Estrada-Bernal
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Glorioso
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John M. Kittelson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Karl H. Pfenninger
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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