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Sabotič J, Janež N, Volk M, Klančnik A. Molecular structures mediating adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni to abiotic and biotic surfaces. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109918. [PMID: 38029692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Microaerophilic, Gram-negative Campylobacter jejuni is the causative agent of campylobacteriosis, the most common bacterial gastrointestinal infection worldwide. Adhesion is the crucial first step in both infection or interaction with the host and biofilm formation, and is a critical factor for bacterial persistence. Here we describe the proteins and other surface structures that promote adhesion to various surfaces, including abiotic surfaces, microorganisms, and animal and human hosts. In addition, we provide insight into the distribution of adhesion proteins among strains from different ecological niches and highlight unexplored proteins involved in C. jejuni adhesion. Protein-protein, protein-glycan, and glycan-glycan interactions are involved in C. jejuni adhesion, with different factors contributing to adhesion to varying degrees under different circumstances. As adhesion is essential for survival and persistence, it represents an interesting target for C. jejuni control. Knowledge of the adhesion process is incomplete, as different molecular and functional aspects have been studied for different structures involved in adhesion. Therefore, it is important to strive for an integration of different approaches to obtain a clearer picture of the adhesion process on different surfaces and to consider the involvement of proteins, glycoconjugates, and polysaccharides and their cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Janež
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Volk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2
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Buiatte ABG, de Melo RT, Peres PABM, Bastos CM, Grazziotin AL, Armendaris Rodriguez PM, Barreto F, Rossi DA. Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and dissemination of Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken carcasses in Brazil. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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3
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Nennig M, Clément A, Longueval E, Bernardi T, Ragimbeau C, Tresse O. Metaphenotypes associated with recurrent genomic lineages of Campylobacter jejuni responsible for human infections in Luxembourg. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901192. [PMID: 36160185 PMCID: PMC9490421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Although considered fragile, this microaerophilic bacterium is able to survive in various challenging environments, which subsequently constitutes multiple sources of transmission for human infection. To test the assumption of acquiring specific features for adaptation and survival, we established a workflow of phenotypic tests related to the survival and the persistence of recurrent and sporadic strains. A representative collection of 83 strains isolated over 13 years from human, mammal, poultry, and environmental sources in Luxembourg, representing different spreading patterns (endemic, epidemic, and sporadic), was screened for survival to oxidative stresses, for acclimating to aerobic conditions (AC), and for persistence on abiotic surfaces. Using the cgMLST Oxford typing scheme for WGS data, the collection was classified into genomic lineages corresponding to host-generalist strains (lineages A and D, CC ST-21), host-specific strains (lineage B, CC ST-257 and lineage C, CC ST-464) and sporadic strains. We established that when a strain survives concentrations beyond 0.25 mM superoxide stress, it is six times more likely to survive hyperoxide stress and that a highly adherent strain is 14 times more likely to develop a biofilm. Surprisingly, more than half of the strains could acclimate to AC but this capacity does not explain the difference between recurrent genomic lineages and sporadic strains and the survival to oxidative stresses, while recurrent strains have a significantly higher adhesion/biofilm formation capacity than sporadic ones. From this work, the genomic lineages with more stable genomes could be characterized by a specific combination of phenotypes, called metaphenotypes. From the functional genomic analyses, the presence of a potentially functional T6SS in the strains of lineage D might explain the propensity of these strains to be strong biofilm producers. Our findings support the hypothesis that phenotypical abilities contribute to the spatio-temporal adaptation and survival of stable genomic lineages. It suggests a selection of better-adapted and persistent strains in challenging stress environments, which could explain the prevalence of these lineages in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Nennig
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- UMR-1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Clément
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Longueval
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Thierry Bernardi
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Catherine Ragimbeau,
| | - Odile Tresse
- UMR-1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
- Odile Tresse,
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4
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Uddin Mahamud AGMS, Nahar S, Ashrafudoulla M, Park SH, Ha SD. Insights into antibiofilm mechanisms of phytochemicals: Prospects in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1736-1763. [PMID: 36066482 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recalcitrance of microbial aggregation or biofilm in the food industry underpins the emerging antimicrobial resistance among foodborne pathogens, exacerbating the phenomena of food spoilage, processing and safety management failure, and the prevalence of foodborne illnesses. The challenges of growing tolerance to current chemical and disinfectant-based antibiofilm strategies have driven the urgency in finding a less vulnerable to bacterial resistance, effective alternative antibiofilm agent. To address these issues, various novel strategies are suggested in current days to combat bacterial biofilm. Among the innovative approaches, phytochemicals have already demonstrated their excellent performance in preventing biofilm formation and bactericidal actions against resident bacteria within biofilms. However, the diverse group of phytochemicals and their different modes of action become a barrier to applying them against specific pathogenic biofilm-formers. This phenomenon mandates the need to elucidate the multi-mechanistic actions of phytochemicals to design an effective novel antibiofilm strategy. Therefore, this review critically illustrates the structure - activity relationship, functional sites of actions, and target molecules of diverse phytochemicals regarding multiple major antibiofilm mechanisms and reversal mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. The implementation of the in-depth knowledge will hopefully aid future studies for developing phytochemical-based next-generation antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G M Sofi Uddin Mahamud
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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5
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Middendorf PS, Jacobs-Reitsma WF, Zomer AL, den Besten HMW, Abee T. Comparative Analysis of L-Fucose Utilization and Its Impact on Growth and Survival of Campylobacter Isolates. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872207. [PMID: 35572645 PMCID: PMC9100392 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were previously considered asaccharolytic, but are now known to possess specific saccharide metabolization pathways, including L-fucose. To investigate the influence of the L-fucose utilization cluster on Campylobacter growth, survival and metabolism, we performed comparative genotyping and phenotyping of the C. jejuni reference isolate NCTC11168 (human isolate), C. jejuni Ca1352 (chicken meat isolate), C. jejuni Ca2426 (sheep manure isolate), and C. coli Ca0121 (pig manure isolate), that all possess the L-fucose utilization cluster. All isolates showed enhanced survival and prolonged spiral cell morphology in aging cultures up to day seven in L-fucose-enriched MEMα medium (MEMαF) compared to MEMα. HPLC analysis indicated L-fucose utilization linked to acetate, lactate, pyruvate and succinate production, confirming the activation of the L-fucose pathway in these isolates and its impact on general metabolism. Highest consumption of L-fucose by C. coli Ca0121 is conceivably linked to its enhanced growth performance up to day 7, reaching 9.3 log CFU/ml compared to approximately 8.3 log CFU/ml for the C. jejuni isolates. Genetic analysis of the respective L-fucose clusters revealed several differences, including a 1 bp deletion in the Cj0489 gene of C. jejuni NCTC11168, causing a frameshift in this isolate resulting in two separate genes, Cj0489 and Cj0490, while no apparent phenotype could be linked to the presumed frameshift in this isolate. Additionally, we found that the L-fucose cluster of C. coli Ca0121 was most distant from C. jejuni NCTC11168, but confirmation of links to L-fucose metabolism associated phenotypic traits in C. coli versus C. jejuni isolates requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pjotr S. Middendorf
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Aldert L. Zomer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Heidy M. W. den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Heidy M. W. den Besten,
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Tjakko Abee,
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Giaouris E. Relevance and Importance of Biofilms in the Resistance and Spreading of Campylobacter spp. Within the Food Chain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Cao H, Xu H, Ning C, Xiang L, Ren Q, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Gao R. Multi-Omics Approach Reveals the Potential Core Vaccine Targets for the Emerging Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:665858. [PMID: 34248875 PMCID: PMC8265506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.665858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans around the world. The emergence of bacterial resistance is becoming more serious; therefore, development of new vaccines is considered to be an alternative strategy against drug-resistant pathogen. In this study, we investigated the pangenome of 173 C. jejuni strains and analyzed the phylogenesis and the virulence factor genes. In order to acquire a high-quality pangenome, genomic relatedness was firstly performed with average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses, and an open pangenome of 8,041 gene families was obtained with the correct taxonomy genomes. Subsequently, the virulence property of the core genome was analyzed and 145 core virulence factor (VF) genes were obtained. Upon functional genomics and immunological analyses, five core VF proteins with high antigenicity were selected as potential core vaccine targets for humans. Furthermore, functional annotations indicated that these proteins are involved in important molecular functions and biological processes, such as adhesion, regulation, and secretion. In addition, transcriptome analysis in human cells and pig intestinal loop proved that these vaccine target genes are important in the virulence of C. jejuni in different hosts. Comprehensive pangenome and relevant animal experiments will facilitate discovering the potential core vaccine targets with improved efficiency in reverse vaccinology. Likewise, this study provided some insights into the genetic polymorphism and phylogeny of C. jejuni and discovered potential vaccine candidates for humans. Prospective development of new vaccines using the targets will be an alternative to the use of antibiotics and prevent the development of multidrug-resistant C. jejuni in humans and even other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchun Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Chunhui Ning
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Li Xiang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Qiufang Ren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Rossi DA, Dumont CF, Santos ACDS, Vaz MEDL, Prado RR, Monteiro GP, Melo CBDS, Stamoulis VJ, dos Santos JP, de Melo RT. Antibiotic Resistance in the Alternative Lifestyles of Campylobacter jejuni. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:535757. [PMID: 34055658 PMCID: PMC8155616 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.535757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the main pathogen identified in cases of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Its importance in poultry production and public health is highlighted due to the growing antimicrobial resistance. Our study comparatively investigated the effect of five different classes of antimicrobials on the planktonic and biofilm forms of 35 strains of C. jejuni with high phylogenetic distinction in 30 of them. In the planktonic form, the existence of susceptible strains to colistin (7/35 - 20%) and resistance to meropenem (3/35 - 8.6%) represent a novelty in strains evaluated in Brazil. In biofilms formed with the addition of chicken juice, the number of resistant strains was significantly higher for colistin, erythromycin and meropenem (100%), but the susceptibility to tetracycline was shown as a control strategy for specific cases. High concentrations (1,060 ± 172.1mg/L) of antibiotics were necessary to control the biofilm structure in susceptible strains in the planktonic form, which is consistent with the high biomass produced in these strains. Stainless steel and polyurethane were the most (BFI=2.1) and least (BFI=1.6) favorable surfaces for the production of biomass treated with antimicrobials. It is concluded that the antimicrobial action was detected for all tested drugs in planktonic form. In sessile forms, the biomass production was intensified, except for tetracycline, which showed an antibiofilm effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carolyne Ferreira Dumont
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Lourdes Vaz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Renata Resende Prado
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Paz Monteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Camilla Beatriz da Silva Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Vassiliki Jaconi Stamoulis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Jandra Pacheco dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Goiás University Center, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Duqué B, Rezé S, Rossero A, Membré JM, Guillou S, Haddad N. Quantification of Campylobacter jejuni gene expression after successive stresses mimicking poultry slaughtering steps. Food Microbiol 2021; 98:103795. [PMID: 33875223 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Broiler meat is considered as the most important source of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Exposure to stress conditions encountered during the slaughtering process may induce bacterial adaptation mechanisms, and enhance or decrease pathogen resistance to subsequent stress. This adaptation may result from changes in bacterial gene expression. This study aims to accurately quantify the expression of selected C. jejuni genes after stresses inspired from the poultry slaughtering process. RT-qPCR was used to quantify gene expression of 44 genes in three strains after successive heat and cold stresses. Main results indicated that 26 genes out of 44 were differentially expressed following the successive thermal stresses. Three clusters of genes were differentially expressed according to the strain and the stress condition. Up-regulated genes mainly included genes involved in the heat shock response, whereas down-regulated genes belonged to metabolic pathways (such as lipid, amino-acid metabolisms). However, four genes were similarly overexpressed in the three strains; they might represent indicators of the thermal stress response at the species scale. Advances in the molecular understanding of the stress response of pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter, in real-life processing conditions will make it possible to identify technological levers and better mitigate the microbial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Duqué
- SECALIM, INRAE, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Rezé
- SECALIM, INRAE, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Albert Rossero
- SECALIM, INRAE, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sandrine Guillou
- SECALIM, INRAE, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Nabila Haddad
- SECALIM, INRAE, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France.
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Scheik LK, Volcan Maia DS, Würfel SDFR, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Haubert L, Lopes GV, da Silva WP. Biofilm-forming ability of poultry Campylobacter jejuni strains in the presence and absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:301-309. [PMID: 33703923 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse to form biofilm in the presence and absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the effect of surface (stainless steel, polystyrene), temperature (7, 25, and 42 °C), and oxygen concentration (microaerophilic and aerobic conditions) on the formation of biofilm. The genes ahpC, cadF, clpP, dnaJ, docA, flaA, flaB, katA, kpsM, luxS, racR, and sodB, related to biofilm formation by C. jejuni, were also investigated. All isolates formed biofilm on stainless steel and on polystyrene, in both aerobic and microaerophilic atmospheres, including temperatures not optimal for C. jejuni growth (7 and 25 °C), and biofilm also was formed in the presence of P. aeruginosa. In dual-species biofilm on stainless steel, biofilm formation was 2-6 log CFU·cm-2 higher at 7 °C for all isolates, in comparison with monospecies biofilm. Ten genes (ahpC, cadF, clpP, dnaJ, docA, flaA, flaB, luxS, racR, and sodB) were detected in all isolates, but katA and kpsM were found in four and six isolates, respectively. The results obtained are of concern because the poultry C. jejuni isolates form biofilm in different conditions, which is enhanced in the presence of other biofilm formers, such as P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Darla Silveira Volcan Maia
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Simone de Fátima Rauber Würfel
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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11
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Cui H, Yang H, Abdel-Samie MA, Siva S, Lin L. Controlled-release casein/cinnamon essential oil nanospheres for the inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in duck. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 341:109074. [PMID: 33508583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most common foodborne pathogens that cause human sickness mostly through the poultry food chain. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) has excellent antibacterial ability against C. jejuni growth. This study investigated the antibacterial mechanism of CEO against C. jejuni primarily through metabolism, energy metabolism of essential enzymes (AKPase, β-galactosidase, and ATPase), and respiration metabolism. Results showed that the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) was inhibited, and that the enzyme activity of G6DPH substantially decreased upon treatment with CEO. Analysis of the effect of CEO on the expression of toxic genes was performed by the real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The expression levels of the toxic genes cadF, ciaB, fliA, and racR under CEO treatment were determined. Casein/CEO nanospheres were further prepared for the effective inhibition of C. jejuni and characterized by particle-size distribution, zeta-potential distribution, fluorescence, TEM, and GC-MS methods. Finally, the efficiency of CEO and casein/CEO nanospheres in terms of antibacterial activity against C. jejuni was verified. The casein/CEO nanospheres displayed high antibacterial activity on duck samples. The population of the test group decreased from 4.30 logCFU/g to 0.86 logCFU/g and 4.30 logCFU/g to 2.46 logCFU/g at 4 °C and at 25 °C for C. jejuni, respectively. Sensory evaluation and texture analysis were also conducted on various duck samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Samie
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Subramanian Siva
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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12
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Whelan MVX, Simpson JC, Ó Cróinín T. A novel high-content screening approach for the elucidation of C. jejuni biofilm composition and integrity. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33397288 PMCID: PMC7784365 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and the main source of infection is contaminated chicken meat. Although this important human pathogen is an obligate microaerophile, it must survive atmospheric oxygen conditions to allow transmission from contaminated chicken meat to humans. It is becoming increasingly evident that formation of biofilm plays a key role in the survival of this organism for extended periods on poultry products. We have recently demonstrated a novel inducible model for the study of adherent C. jejuni biofilm formation under aerobic conditions. By taking advantage of supercoiling mediated gene regulation, incubation of C. jejuni with subinhibitory concentrations of the Gyrase B inhibitor novobiocin was shown to promote the consistent formation of metabolically active adherent biofilm. RESULTS In this study, we implement this model in conjunction with the fluorescent markers: TAMRA (live cells) and SytoX (dead cells, eDNA) to develop a novel systematic high-content imaging approach and describe how it can be implemented to gain quantifiable information about the integrity and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition of adherent C. jejuni biofilm in aerobic conditions. We show that this produces a model with a consistent, homogenous biofilm that can be induced and used to screen a range of inhibitors of biofilm adherence and matrix formation. CONCLUSIONS This model allows for the first time a high throughput analysis of C. jejuni biofilms which will be invaluable in enabling researchers to develop mechanisms to disrupt these biofilms and reduce the viability of these bacteria under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V X Whelan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tadhg Ó Cróinín
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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13
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Guérin A, Sulaeman S, Coquet L, Ménard A, Barloy-Hubler F, Dé E, Tresse O. Membrane Proteocomplexome of Campylobacter jejuni Using 2-D Blue Native/SDS-PAGE Combined to Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:530906. [PMID: 33329413 PMCID: PMC7717971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.530906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of the human bacterial foodborne infections in the developed countries. The perception cues from biotic or abiotic environments by the bacteria are often related to bacterial surface and membrane proteins that mediate the cellular response for the adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni to the environment. These proteins function rarely as a unique entity, they are often organized in functional complexes. In C. jejuni, these complexes are not fully identified and some of them remain unknown. To identify putative functional multi-subunit entities at the membrane subproteome level of C. jejuni, a holistic non a priori method was addressed using two-dimensional blue native/Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in strain C. jejuni 81-176. Couples of acrylamide gradient/migration-time, membrane detergent concentration and hand-made strips were optimized to obtain reproducible extraction and separation of intact membrane protein complexes (MPCs). The MPCs were subsequently denatured using SDS-PAGE and each spot from each MPCs was identified by mass spectrometry. Altogether, 21 MPCs could be detected including multi homo-oligomeric and multi hetero-oligomeric complexes distributed in both inner and outer membranes. The function, the conservation and the regulation of the MPCs across C. jejuni strains were inspected by functional and genomic comparison analyses. In this study, relatedness between subunits of two efflux pumps, CmeABC and MacABputC was observed. In addition, a consensus sequence CosR-binding box in promoter regions of MacABputC was present in C. jejuni but not in Campylobacter coli. The MPCs identified in C. jejuni 81-176 membrane are involved in protein folding, molecule trafficking, oxidative phosphorylation, membrane structuration, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, motility and chemotaxis, stress signaling, efflux pumps and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Coquet
- UMR 6270 Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- UNIROUEN, Plateforme PISSARO, IRIB, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Armelle Ménard
- INSERM, UMR 1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédérique Barloy-Hubler
- UMR 6290, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dé
- UMR 6270 Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
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14
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Shagieva E, Teren M, Michova H, Strakova N, Karpiskova R, Demnerova K. Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and luxS Sequencing of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated From Water in the Czech Republic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:596613. [PMID: 33330139 PMCID: PMC7718015 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microaerophilic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. Even though it has a reputation as a fastidious organism, C. jejuni is widespread and can be easily isolated from various animals, food, and environmental sources. It is suggested that an ability to form biofilms is probably necessary for the survival of C. jejuni under harsh environmental conditions. The first step required for successful biofilm formation is adhesion to a suitable surface. Therefore, in this work, the degree of adhesion was evaluated, followed by characterization and quantification of biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 15 isolates of C. jejuni were used in the experiments (12 isolates from surface and waste waters, 1 human clinical, 1 food and 1 ACTT BAA-2151 collection strain, all samples originated from the Czech Republic). Regardless of the sample origin, all C. jejuni isolates were able to adhere to the polystyrene surface within 30 min, with the number of attached cells increasing with the time of incubation. The resulting data showed that all isolates were able to form complex voluminous biofilms after 24 h of cultivation. The average amount of biovolume ranged from 3.59 × 106 µm3 to 17.50 × 106 µm3 in isolates obtained from different sources of water, 16.79 × 106 µm3 in the food isolate and 10.92 × 106 µm3 in the collection strain. However, the highest amount of biomass was produced by the human clinical isolate (25.48 × 106 µm3). Similar to the quantity, the architecture of the biofilms also differed, from a rugged flat monolayer of cells to large clustered structures. Further, all isolates were tested for the presence of the luxS gene, as the luxS/AI-2 (autoinducer-2) quorum sensing pathway has been previously connected with enhanced biofilm formation. Two isolates originated from surface waters did not possess the luxS gene. These isolates formed thinner and sparser biofilms lacking the presence of significant clusters. However, the ability to adhere to the surface was preserved. The sequencing of the luxS-containing fragments shown a high similarity of the luxS gene among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shagieva
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Teren
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Michova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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15
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Taniguchi T, Ohki M, Urata A, Ohshiro S, Tarigan E, Kiatsomphob S, Vetchapitak T, Sato H, Misawa N. Detection and identification of adhesins involved in adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni to chicken skin. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108929. [PMID: 33157488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. Chickens are considered to be one of the major reservoirs of Campylobacter infection in humans due to colonization of their intestinal tract. When the chickens are slaughtered and processed, the entire skin of the carcass becomes contaminated with campylobacters. We observed that the number of C. jejuni attached to chicken skin was reduced significantly after treatment of the skin with sodium hydroxide followed by washing with PBS, implying that adhesion factors involved in binding to C. jejuni may exist on skin. Such potential binding-related proteins present in alkaline extracts of the skin surface were detected by a two-dimensional overlay assay and identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chicken serum albumin (CSA) was identified as a major protein in these alkaline extracts and confirmed by ELISA to bind specifically to C. jejuni. Moreover, using the same approach, flagellar hook protein E (FlgE) and major outer membrane protein (MOMP) in C. jejuni were identified as bacterial adhesins that bound to the CSA. The ability to bind CSA was also confirmed using recombinant FlgE and MOMP of C. jejuni expressed in Escherichia coli. The present findings suggest that adhesins expressed on C. jejuni cells may bind specifically via proteins present on the skin, as well as by physical attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Taniguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ohki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ayaka Urata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shoutaro Ohshiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Elpita Tarigan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Savek Kiatsomphob
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Torrung Vetchapitak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical radiology, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Naoaki Misawa
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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16
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Tram G, Day CJ, Korolik V. Bridging the Gap: A Role for Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E452. [PMID: 32210099 PMCID: PMC7143964 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. Cases of Campylobacteriosis are common, as the organism is an avian commensal and is passed on to humans through contaminated poultry meat, water, and food preparation areas. Although typically a fastidious organism, C. jejuni can survive outside the avian intestinal tract until it is able to reach a human host. It has long been considered that biofilms play a key role in transmission of this pathogen. The aim of this review is to examine factors that trigger biofilm formation in C. jejuni. A range of environmental elements have been shown to initiate biofilm formation, which are then affected by a suite of intrinsic factors. We also aim to further investigate the role that biofilms may play in the life cycle of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia;
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia;
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17
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Klančnik A, Gobin I, Jeršek B, Smole Možina S, Vučković D, Tušek Žnidarič M, Abram M. Adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni Is Increased in Association with Foodborne Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E201. [PMID: 32023990 PMCID: PMC7074767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Campylobacter jejuni NTCT 11168 adhesion to abiotic and biotic surfaces when grown in co-culture with Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and/or Listeria monocytogenes 4b. Adhesion of C. jejuni to polystyrene and to Caco-2 cells and Acanthamoeba castellanii was lower for at least 3 log CFU/mL compared to E. coli and L. monocytogenes. Electron micrographs of ultrathin sections revealed interactions of C. jejuni with host cells. In co-culture with E. coli and L. monocytogenes, adhesion of C. jejuni to all tested surfaces was significantly increased for more than 1 log CFU/mL. There was 10% higher aggregation for C. jejuni than for other pathogens, and high co-aggregation of co-cultures of C. jejuni with E. coli and L. monocytogenes. These data show that C. jejuni in co-cultures with E. coli and L. monocytogenes present significantly higher risk than C. jejuni as mono-cultures, which need to be taken into account in risk evaluation. C. jejuni adhesion is a prerequisite for their colonization, biofilm formation, and further contamination of the environment. C. jejuni survival under adverse conditions as a factor in their pathogenicity and depends on their adhesion to different surfaces, not only as individual strains, but also in co-cultures with other bacteria like E. coli and L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.G.); (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Barbara Jeršek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.J.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Darinka Vučković
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.G.); (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Maja Abram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (I.G.); (D.V.); (M.A.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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18
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Negretti NM, Clair G, Talukdar PK, Gourley CR, Huynh S, Adkins JN, Parker CT, Corneau CM, Konkel ME. Campylobacter jejuni Demonstrates Conserved Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses When Co-cultured With Human INT 407 and Caco-2 Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31031730 PMCID: PMC6470190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, have devised complex strategies to establish and foster intestinal infections. For more than two decades, researchers have used immortalized cell lines derived from human intestinal tissue to dissect C. jejuni-host cell interactions. Known from these studies is that C. jejuni virulence is multifactorial, requiring a coordinated response to produce virulence factors that facilitate host cell interactions. This study was initiated to identify C. jejuni proteins that contribute to adaptation to the host cell environment and cellular invasion. We demonstrated that C. jejuni responds to INT 407 and Caco-2 cells in a similar fashion at the cellular and molecular levels. Active protein synthesis was found to be required for C. jejuni to maximally invade these host cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic approaches were then used to define the protein and gene expression profiles of C. jejuni co-cultured with cells. By focusing on those genes showing increased expression by C. jejuni when co-cultured with epithelial cells, we discovered that C. jejuni quickly adapts to co-culture with epithelial cells by synthesizing gene products that enable it to acquire specific amino acids for growth, scavenge for inorganic molecules including iron, resist reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and promote host cell interactions. Based on these findings, we selected a subset of the genes involved in chemotaxis and the regulation of flagellar assembly and generated C. jejuni deletion mutants for phenotypic analysis. Binding and internalization assays revealed significant differences in the interaction of C. jejuni chemotaxis and flagellar regulatory mutants. The identification of genes involved in C. jejuni adaptation to culture with host cells provides new insights into the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Negretti
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Geremy Clair
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Prabhat K. Talukdar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Christopher R. Gourley
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Joshua N. Adkins
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Colby M. Corneau
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michael E. Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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19
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Taylor AJ, Kelly DJ. The function, biogenesis and regulation of the electron transport chains in Campylobacter jejuni: New insights into the bioenergetics of a major food-borne pathogen. Adv Microb Physiol 2019; 74:239-329. [PMID: 31126532 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic Epsilonproteobacterium that grows in the gastrointestinal tract of birds and mammals, and is the most frequent cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. As an oxygen-sensitive microaerophile, C. jejuni has to survive high environmental oxygen tensions, adapt to oxygen limitation in the host intestine and resist host oxidative attack. Despite its small genome size, C. jejuni is a versatile and metabolically active pathogen, with a complex and highly branched set of respiratory chains allowing the use of a wide range of electron donors and alternative electron acceptors in addition to oxygen, including fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, tetrathionate and N- or S-oxides. Several novel enzymes participate in these electron transport chains, including a tungsten containing formate dehydrogenase, a Complex I that uses flavodoxin and not NADH, a periplasmic facing fumarate reductase and a cytochrome c tetrathionate reductase. This review presents an updated description of the composition and bioenergetics of these various respiratory chains as they are currently understood, including recent work that gives new insights into energy conservation during electron transport to various alternative electron acceptors. The regulation of synthesis and assembly of the electron transport chains is also discussed. A deeper appreciation of the unique features of the respiratory systems of C. jejuni may be helpful in informing strategies to control this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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20
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Nasher F, Aguilar F, Aebi S, Hermans PWM, Heller M, Hathaway LJ. Peptide Ligands of AmiA, AliA, and AliB Proteins Determine Pneumococcal Phenotype. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3013. [PMID: 30568648 PMCID: PMC6290326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ami-AliA/AliB oligopeptide permease of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been suggested to play a role in environmental sensing and colonisation of the nasopharynx by this human bacterial pathogen by binding peptides derived from bacterial neighbours of other species in the microbiota. Here, we investigated the effects of the peptide ligands of the permease’s substrate binding proteins AmiA, AliA, and AliB on pneumococcal phenotype. AmiA and AliA ligands reduced pneumococcal growth, increased biofilm production and reduced capsule size. In contrast, AliB ligand increased growth and greatly increased bacterial chain length. A decrease in transformation rate was observed in response to all three peptides. Changes in protein expression were also observed, particularly those associated with metabolism and cell wall synthesis. Understanding interspecies bacterial communication and its effect on development of colonising versus invasive phenotypes has the potential to reveal new targets to tackle and prevent pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzy Nasher
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Aguilar
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Aebi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter W M Hermans
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, Netherlands.,Julius Center, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Heller
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucy J Hathaway
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Farfán M, Lártiga N, Benavides MB, Alegría-Morán R, Sáenz L, Salcedo C, Lapierre L. Capacity to adhere to and invade human epithelial cells, as related to the presence of virulence genes in, motility of, and biofilm formation of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chicken and cattle. Can J Microbiol 2018; 65:126-134. [PMID: 30339767 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted through the "farm to fork" route. Outbreaks are generally associated with the consumption of chicken meat; however, dairy cows, birds, wild and domestic food animals, and pets are other important sources. Currently, there are not enough data comparing the virulence of strains isolated from these reservoirs. In this study, we compared C. jejuni strains isolated from broiler chickens and dairy cattle by determining their ability to adhere to and invade in vitro human colonic epithelial cells in the T84 cell line with their motility, formation of biofilms, and presence of eight virulence genes. A Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was performed to establish the relationship between presence of the studied genes and cellular invasion and adhesion, as well as differences between the animal species of origin of the isolate. A Spearman correlation was performed to assess the relationship between invasion and motility, along with invasion and biofilm generation. The virB11 gene was positively associated with the adherence capacity of the strains (mean difference = 0.21, p = 0.006), and strains isolated from chickens showed a significant difference for adherence compared with strains isolated from cattle (p = 0.0001). Our results indicate that strains of C. jejuni have a difference in their adherence capacity depending on the animal reservoir from which they came, with chicken isolates displaying higher virulence than dairy cattle isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Farfán
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Antonio Varas 360, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Lártiga
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Antonio Varas 360, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.,b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Belén Benavides
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristal Salcedo
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Oh E, Andrews KJ, Jeon B. Enhanced Biofilm Formation by Ferrous and Ferric Iron Through Oxidative Stress in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1204. [PMID: 29928267 PMCID: PMC5998592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading foodborne pathogen worldwide. Biofilm formation is an important survival mechanism that sustains the viability of Campylobacter under harsh stress conditions. Iron affects biofilm formation in some other bacteria; however, the effect of iron on biofilm formation has not been investigated in Campylobacter. In this study, we discovered that ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) iron stimulated biofilm formation in Campylobacter jejuni. The sequestration of iron with an iron chelator prevented the iron-mediated biofilm stimulation. The level of total reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biofilms was increased by iron. However, the supplementation with an antioxidant prevented the total ROS level from being increased in biofilms by iron and also inhibited iron-mediated biofilm stimulation in C. jejuni. This suggests that iron promotes biofilm formation through oxidative stress. Based on the results of fluorescence microscopic analysis, Fe2+ and Fe3+ enhanced both microcolony formation and biofilm maturation. The levels of extracellular DNA and polysaccharides in biofilms were increased by iron supplementation. The effect of iron on biofilm formation was also investigated with 70 C. jejuni isolates from raw chicken. Regardless of the inherent levels of biofilm formation, iron stimulated biofilm formation in all tested strains; however, there were strain variations in iron concentrations affecting biofilm formation. The biofilm formation of 92.9% (65 of 70) strains was enhanced by either 40 μM Fe2+ or 20 μM Fe3+ or both (the iron concentrations that enhanced biofilm formation in C. jejuni NCTC 11168), whereas different iron concentrations were required to promote biofilms in the rest of the strains. The findings in this study showed that Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributed to the stimulation of biofilm formation in C. jejuni through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katelyn J Andrews
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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23
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Guccione EJ, Kendall JJ, Hitchcock A, Garg N, White MA, Mulholland F, Poole RK, Kelly DJ. Transcriptome and proteome dynamics in chemostat culture reveal how Campylobacter jejuni modulates metabolism, stress responses and virulence factors upon changes in oxygen availability. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4326-4348. [PMID: 28892295 PMCID: PMC5656828 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, the most frequent cause of food‐borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is a microaerophile that has to survive high environmental oxygen tensions, adapt to oxygen limitation in the intestine and resist host oxidative attack. Here, oxygen‐dependent changes in C. jejuni physiology were studied at constant growth rate using carbon (serine)‐limited continuous chemostat cultures. We show that a perceived aerobiosis scale can be calibrated by the acetate excretion flux, which becomes zero when metabolism is fully aerobic (100% aerobiosis). Transcriptome changes in a downshift experiment from 150% to 40% aerobiosis revealed many novel oxygen‐regulated genes and highlighted re‐modelling of the electron transport chains. A label‐free proteomic analysis showed that at 40% aerobiosis, many proteins involved in host colonisation (e.g., PorA, CadF, FlpA, CjkT) became more abundant. PorA abundance increased steeply below 100% aerobiosis. In contrast, several citric‐acid cycle enzymes, the peptide transporter CstA, PEB1 aspartate/glutamate transporter, LutABC lactate dehydrogenase and PutA proline dehydrogenase became more abundant with increasing aerobiosis. We also observed a co‐ordinated response of oxidative stress protection enzymes and Fe‐S cluster biogenesis proteins above 100% aerobiosis. Our approaches reveal key virulence factors that respond to restricted oxygen availability and specific transporters and catabolic pathways activated with increasing aerobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Guccione
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - John J Kendall
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nitanshu Garg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Francis Mulholland
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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24
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Melo RT, Mendonça EP, Monteiro GP, Siqueira MC, Pereira CB, Peres PABM, Fernandez H, Rossi DA. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspects on Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1332. [PMID: 28769900 PMCID: PMC5513903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm represents a way of life that allows greater survival of microorganisms in hostile habitats. Campylobacter jejuni is able to form biofilms in vitro and on surfaces at several points in the poultry production chain. Genetic determinants related to their formation are expressed differently between strains and external conditions are decisive in this respect. Our approach combines phylogenetic analysis and the presence of seven specific genes linked to biofilm formation in association with traditional microbiology techniques, using Mueller Hinton and chicken juice as substrates in order to quantify, classify, determine the composition and morphology of the biomass of simple and mixed biofilms of 30 C. jejuni strains. It also evaluates the inhibition of its formation by biocides commonly used in industry and also by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Genetic analysis showed high heterogeneity with the identification of 23 pulsotypes. Despite the diversity, the presence of flaA, cadF, luxS, dnaJ, htrA, cbrA, and sodB genes in all strains shows the high potential for biofilm formation. This ability was only expressed in chicken juice, where they presented phenotype of a strong biofilm producer, with a mean count of 7.37 log CFU/mL and an ultrastructure characteristic of mature biofilm. The composition of simple and mixed biofilms was predominantly composed by proteins. The exceptions were found in mixed biofilms with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which includes a carbohydrate-rich matrix, lower ability to sessile form in chicken juice and compact architecture of the biofilm, this aspects are intrinsic to this species. Hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid were more effective in controlling viable cells of C. jejuni in biofilm, but the existence of tolerant strains indicates exposure to sublethal concentrations and development of adaptation mechanisms. This study shows that in chicken juice C. jejuni presents greater potential in producing mature biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta T. Melo
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliane P. Mendonça
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Siqueira
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara B. Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Phelipe A. B. M. Peres
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heriberto Fernandez
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Daise A. Rossi
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Ayllón N, Jiménez-Marín Á, Argüello H, Zaldívar-López S, Villar M, Aguilar C, Moreno A, De La Fuente J, Garrido JJ. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Differences in Host-Pathogen Interaction between Infectious and Commensal Relationship with Campylobacter jejuni. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:145. [PMID: 28491823 PMCID: PMC5405767 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading food-borne poisoning in industrialized countries. While the bacteria causes disease in humans, it merely colonizes the gut in poultry or pigs, where seems to establish a commensal relationship. Until now, few studies have been conducted to elucidate the relationship between C. jejuni and its different hosts. In this work, a comparative proteomics approach was used to identify the underlying mechanisms involved in the divergent outcome following C. jejuni infection in human and porcine host. Human (INT-407) and porcine (IPEC-1) intestinal cell lines were infected by C. jejuni for 3 h (T3h) and 24 h (T24h). C. jejuni infection prompted an intense inflammatory response at T3h in human intestinal cells, mainly characterized by expression of proteins involved in cell spreading, cell migration and promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proteomic analysis evidenced significantly regulated biofunctions in human cells related with engulfment and endocytosis, and supported by canonical pathways associated to infection such as caveolar- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis signaling. In porcine IPEC-1 cells, inflammatory response as well as signaling pathways that control cellular functions such as cell migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression resulted downregulated. These differences in the host response to infection were supported by the different pattern of adhesion and invasion proteins expressed by C. jejuni in human and porcine cells. No marked differences in expression of virulence factors involved in adaptive response and iron acquisition functions were observed. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that both host and pathogen factors are responsible for commensal or infectious character of C. jejuni in different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Ayllón
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jiménez-Marín
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Angela Moreno
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - José De La Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK, USA
| | - Juan J. Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
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26
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Rodrigues RC, Haddad N, Tresse O. Methods for Proteome Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Using 2-D Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1512:233-244. [PMID: 27885611 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6536-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes protocols used for two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the proteome or subproteome of Campylobacter jejuni, a major human food-borne pathogen. The following protocols, adapted to Campylobacter strains, include all the steps from cultivation to gel-support protein separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila C Rodrigues
- INRA, UMR 1014 Secalim, Nantes, F-44307, France
- LUNAM Université Oniris, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Nabila Haddad
- INRA, UMR 1014 Secalim, Nantes, F-44307, France
- LUNAM Université Oniris, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Odile Tresse
- INRA, UMR 1014 Secalim, Nantes, F-44307, France.
- LUNAM Université Oniris, Nantes, F-44307, France.
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27
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Rodrigues RC, Haddad N, Chevret D, Cappelier JM, Tresse O. Comparison of Proteomics Profiles of Campylobacter jejuni Strain Bf under Microaerobic and Aerobic Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1596. [PMID: 27790195 PMCID: PMC5061731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni accounts for one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial enteritis in humans. Despite being considered an obligate microaerobic microorganism, C. jejuni is regularly exposed to oxidative stress. However, its adaptive strategies to survive the atmospheric oxygen level during transmission to humans remain unclear. Recently, the clinical C. jejuni strain Bf was singled out for its unexpected ability to grow under ambient atmosphere. Here, we aimed to understand better the biological mechanisms underlying its atypical aerotolerance trait using two-dimensional protein electrophoresis, gene expression, and enzymatic activities. Forty-seven proteins were identified with a significantly different abundance between cultivation under microaerobic and aerobic conditions. The over-expressed proteins in aerobiosis belonged mainly to the oxidative stress response, enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, iron uptake, and regulation, and amino acid uptake when compared to microaerobic conditions. The higher abundance of proteins related to oxidative stress was correlated to dramatically higher transcript levels of the corresponding encoding genes in aerobic conditions compared to microaerobic conditions. In addition, a higher catalase-equivalent activity in strain Bf was observed. Despite the restricted catabolic capacities of C. jejuni, this study reveals that strain Bf is equipped to withstand oxidative stress. This ability could contribute to emergence and persistence of particular strains of C. jejuni throughout food processing or macrophage attack during human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramila C. Rodrigues
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de NantesNantes, France
- INRA, UMR 1014 SECALIMNantes, France
| | - Nabila Haddad
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de NantesNantes, France
- INRA, UMR 1014 SECALIMNantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Cappelier
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de NantesNantes, France
- INRA, UMR 1014 SECALIMNantes, France
| | - Odile Tresse
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de NantesNantes, France
- INRA, UMR 1014 SECALIMNantes, France
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28
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Draft Genome Sequences of Three Multiantibiotic-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) Isolated from Poultry at Retail Outlets in Malaysia. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00331-16. [PMID: 27151799 PMCID: PMC4859181 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00331-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of human bacterial gastrointestinal foodborne disease worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in this species is of public health concern. The draft genome sequences of three multiantibiotic-resistant C. jejuni strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) isolated from poultry at retail outlets in Malaysia are presented here.
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29
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Koolman L, Whyte P, Burgess C, Bolton D. Virulence gene expression, adhesion and invasion of Campylobacter jejuni exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2). Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 220:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Turonova H, Neu TR, Ulbrich P, Pazlarova J, Tresse O. The biofilm matrix of Campylobacter jejuni determined by fluorescence lectin-binding analysis. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:597-608. [PMID: 27097059 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1169402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the most common bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis. Despite its fastidious growth, it can survive harsh conditions through biofilm formation. In this work, fluorescence lectin-binding analysis was used to determine the glycoconjugates present in the biofilm matrix of two well-described strains. Screening of 72 lectins revealed strain-specific patterns with six lectins interacting with the biofilm matrix of both strains. The most common sugar moiety contained galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine. Several lectins interacted with N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid, probably originated from the capsular polysaccharides, lipooligosaccharides and N-glycans of C. jejuni. In addition, glycoconjugates containing mannose and fucose were detected within the biofilm, which have not previously been found in the C. jejuni envelope. Detection of thioflavin T and curcumin highlighted the presence of amyloids in the cell envelope without association with specific cell appendages. The lectins ECA, GS-I, HMA and LEA constitute a reliable cocktail to detect the biofilm matrix of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Turonova
- a Department of Microbiology & Food Chain , SECALIM UMR1014, INRA , Nantes , France
- b LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
- c Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Thomas R Neu
- d Department of River Ecology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Pavel Ulbrich
- c Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Pazlarova
- c Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Odile Tresse
- a Department of Microbiology & Food Chain , SECALIM UMR1014, INRA , Nantes , France
- b LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
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31
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de Cárdenas I, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, de la Cruz ML, Domínguez L, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Gómez-Barrero S. Efficacy of a typing scheme for Campylobacter based on the combination of true and questionable CRISPR. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 119:147-53. [PMID: 26518609 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates an improved scheme for Campylobacter genotyping based on the combination of true and questionable CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) elements. A total of 180 Campylobacter strains (Campylobacter jejuni n=93 and Campylobacter coli n=87), isolated from neck skin and caecal content of broilers, poultry meat and sewage water were analysed. Another 97 C. jejuni DNA samples from cases of human campylobacteriosis were assessed. Sixty-three genotypes were found in C. jejuni considering only true CRISPR, and 16 additional genotypes were identified when questionable CRISPR were also taken into account. Likewise in C. coli the number of genotypes increased from eight for only true CRISPR to 14 after including questionable CRISPR elements. The number of typeable C. jejuni and C. coli isolates was 115 (60.5%) and 17 (19.5%) respectively considering only true CRISPR. These percentages increased to 92.7% (n=176) and 39.1% (n=34) respectively when both true and questionable CRISPR were considered. 60.9% of the C. coli isolates were non-typeable by CRISPR due to the lack of any PCR amplifiable CRISPR loci, which raises questions about CRISPR analysis as an appropriate method for C. coli typing. However the assessment of true and questionable CRISPR has proved to be fairly useful for typing C. jejuni due to its high discriminatory power (Simpson's index=0.960) and typeability (92.7%) values. The results of the present work show that our genotyping method based on the combination of true and questionable CRISPR elements may be used as a suitable complementary tool to existing C. jejuni genotyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés de Cárdenas
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José F Fernández-Garayzábal
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Pascoe B, Méric G, Murray S, Yahara K, Mageiros L, Bowen R, Jones NH, Jeeves RE, Lappin-Scott HM, Asakura H, Sheppard SK. Enhanced biofilm formation and multi-host transmission evolve from divergent genetic backgrounds in Campylobacter jejuni. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4779-89. [PMID: 26373338 PMCID: PMC4862030 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular biofilms are an ancient bacterial adaptation that offers a protective environment for survival in hostile habitats. In microaerophilic organisms such as Campylobacter, biofilms play a key role in transmission to humans as the bacteria are exposed to atmospheric oxygen concentrations when leaving the reservoir host gut. Genetic determinants of biofilm formation differ between species, but little is known about how strains of the same species achieve the biofilm phenotype with different genetic backgrounds. Our approach combines genome‐wide association studies with traditional microbiology techniques to investigate the genetic basis of biofilm formation in 102 Campylobacter jejuni isolates. We quantified biofilm formation among the isolates and identified hotspots of genetic variation in homologous sequences that correspond to variation in biofilm phenotypes. Thirteen genes demonstrated a statistically robust association including those involved in adhesion, motility, glycosylation, capsule production and oxidative stress. The genes associated with biofilm formation were different in the host generalist ST‐21 and ST‐45 clonal complexes, which are frequently isolated from multiple host species and clinical samples. This suggests the evolution of enhanced biofilm from different genetic backgrounds and a possible role in colonization of multiple hosts and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Pascoe
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Guillaume Méric
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Susan Murray
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Koji Yahara
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leonardos Mageiros
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ryan Bowen
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nathan H Jones
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rose E Jeeves
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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33
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Macé S, Haddad N, Zagorec M, Tresse O. Influence of measurement and control of microaerobic gaseous atmospheres in methods for Campylobacter growth studies. Food Microbiol 2015; 52:169-76. [PMID: 26338132 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in the world. For this reason, this pathogen is widely studied. As a microaerophilic and capnophilic microorganism, this foodborne pathogen requires an atmosphere with reduced oxygen (O2) and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations for its optimal growth in vitro. According to the procedure for Campylobacter spp. isolation and cultivation from food products and environmental samples, European and American standards recommend gas proportions of 5% O2 and 10% CO2, complemented with nitrogen (N2). However, in the literature, the reported proportion of O2 for microaerobic growth conditions of Campylobacter spp. can range from 2.5% to 15% and the reason for this variation is usually not explained. The use of different gas generating systems and media to detect and to grow Campylobacter from foodstuff and the lack of information about gas producing systems are the main sources of the loss of consistancy between data. In this review, the relevance, strengths and weaknesses of these methods and their impact on Campylobacter biology are discussed. In conclusion the minimum information concerning microaerobic gaseous atmospheres are suggested in order to better harmonize data obtained from research studies for a better understanding of Campylobacter features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Macé
- INRA, UMR 1014 Secalim, Nantes, F-44307, France; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Nabila Haddad
- INRA, UMR 1014 Secalim, Nantes, F-44307, France; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Monique Zagorec
- INRA, UMR 1014 Secalim, Nantes, F-44307, France; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Odile Tresse
- INRA, UMR 1014 Secalim, Nantes, F-44307, France; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Nantes, F-44307, France.
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34
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Turonova H, Briandet R, Rodrigues R, Hernould M, Hayek N, Stintzi A, Pazlarova J, Tresse O. Biofilm spatial organization by the emerging pathogen Campylobacter jejuni: comparison between NCTC 11168 and 81-176 strains under microaerobic and oxygen-enriched conditions. Front Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26217332 PMCID: PMC4499754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, Campylobacter has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne infections in developed countries. Described as an obligate microaerophile, Campylobacter has puzzled scientists by surviving a wide range of environmental oxidative stresses on foods farm to retail, and thereafter intestinal transit and oxidative damage from macrophages to cause human infection. In this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to explore the biofilm development of two well-described Campylobacter jejuni strains (NCTC 11168 and 81-176) prior to or during cultivation under oxygen-enriched conditions. Quantitative and qualitative appraisal indicated that C. jejuni formed finger-like biofilm structures with an open ultrastructure for 81-176 and a multilayer-like structure for NCTC 11168 under microaerobic conditions (MAC). The presence of motile cells within the biofilm confirmed the maturation of the C. jejuni 81-176 biofilm. Acclimation of cells to oxygen-enriched conditions led to significant enhancement of biofilm formation during the early stages of the process. Exposure to these conditions during biofilm cultivation induced an even greater biofilm development for both strains, indicating that oxygen demand for biofilm formation is higher than for planktonic growth counterparts. Overexpression of cosR in the poorer biofilm-forming strain, NCTC 11168, enhanced biofilm development dramatically by promoting an open ultrastructure similar to that observed for 81-176. Consequently, the regulator CosR is likely to be a key protein in the maturation of C. jejuni biofilm, although it is not linked to oxygen stimulation. These unexpected data advocate challenging studies by reconsidering the paradigm of fastidious requirements for C. jejuni growth when various subpopulations (from quiescent to motile cells) coexist in biofilms. These findings constitute a clear example of a survival strategy used by this emerging human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Turonova
- SECALIM UMR1014, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Nantes, France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes Nantes, France ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romain Briandet
- MICALIS UMR1319, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Massy, France
| | - Ramila Rodrigues
- SECALIM UMR1014, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Nantes, France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes Nantes, France
| | | | - Nabil Hayek
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jarmila Pazlarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Odile Tresse
- SECALIM UMR1014, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Nantes, France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes Nantes, France
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Brown HL, Reuter M, Hanman K, Betts RP, van Vliet AHM. Prevention of biofilm formation and removal of existing biofilms by extracellular DNases of Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121680. [PMID: 25803828 PMCID: PMC4372405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The fastidious nature of the foodborne bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni contrasts with its ability to survive in the food chain. The formation of biofilms, or the integration into existing biofilms by C. jejuni, is thought to contribute to food chain survival. As extracellular DNA (eDNA) has previously been proposed to play a role in C. jejuni biofilms, we have investigated the role of extracellular DNases (eDNases) produced by C. jejuni in biofilm formation. A search of 2791 C. jejuni genomes highlighted that almost half of C. jejuni genomes contains at least one eDNase gene, but only a minority of isolates contains two or three of these eDNase genes, such as C. jejuni strain RM1221 which contains the cje0256, cje0566 and cje1441 eDNase genes. Strain RM1221 did not form biofilms, whereas the eDNase-negative strains NCTC 11168 and 81116 did. Incubation of pre-formed biofilms of NCTC 11168 with live C. jejuni RM1221 or with spent medium from a RM1221 culture resulted in removal of the biofilm. Inactivation of the cje1441 eDNase gene in strain RM1221 restored biofilm formation, and made the mutant unable to degrade biofilms of strain NCTC 11168. Finally, C. jejuni strain RM1221 was able to degrade genomic DNA from C. jejuni NCTC 11168, 81116 and RM1221, whereas strain NCTC 11168 and the RM1221 cje1441 mutant were unable to do so. This was mirrored by an absence of eDNA in overnight cultures of C. jejuni RM1221. This suggests that the activity of eDNases in C. jejuni affects biofilm formation and is not conducive to a biofilm lifestyle. These eDNases do however have a potential role in controlling biofilm formation by C. jejuni strains in food chain relevant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Brown
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Reuter
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Hanman
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Roy P. Betts
- Campden BRI, Station Road, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, GL55 6LD, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud H. M. van Vliet
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chao Y, Marks LR, Pettigrew MM, Hakansson AP. Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and dispersion during colonization and disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 4:194. [PMID: 25629011 PMCID: PMC4292784 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common colonizer of the human nasopharynx. Despite a low rate of invasive disease, the high prevalence of colonization results in millions of infections and over one million deaths per year, mostly in individuals under the age of 5 and the elderly. Colonizing pneumococci form well-organized biofilm communities in the nasopharyngeal environment, but the specific role of biofilms and their interaction with the host during colonization and disease is not yet clear. Pneumococci in biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and this phenotype can be recapitulated when pneumococci are grown on respiratory epithelial cells under conditions found in the nasopharyngeal environment. Pneumococcal biofilms display lower levels of virulence in vivo and provide an optimal environment for increased genetic exchange both in vitro and in vivo, with increased natural transformation seen during co-colonization with multiple strains. Biofilms have also been detected on mucosal surfaces during pneumonia and middle ear infection, although the role of these biofilms in the disease process is debated. Recent studies have shown that changes in the nasopharyngeal environment caused by concomitant virus infection, changes in the microflora, inflammation, or other host assaults trigger active release of pneumococci from biofilms. These dispersed bacteria have distinct phenotypic properties and transcriptional profiles different from both biofilm and broth-grown, planktonic bacteria, resulting in a significantly increased virulence in vivo. In this review we discuss the properties of pneumococcal biofilms, the role of biofilm formation during pneumococcal colonization, including their propensity for increased ability to exchange genetic material, as well as mechanisms involved in transition from asymptomatic biofilm colonization to dissemination and disease of otherwise sterile sites. Greater understanding of pneumococcal biofilm formation and dispersion will elucidate novel avenues to interfere with the spread of antibiotic resistance and vaccine escape, as well as novel strategies to target the mechanisms involved in induction of pneumococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuan Chao
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund UniversityMalmö, Sweden
| | - Laura R. Marks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melinda M. Pettigrew
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public HealthNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anders P. Hakansson
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund UniversityMalmö, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY, USA
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Watson E, Sherry A, Inglis NF, Lainson A, Jyothi D, Yaga R, Manson E, Imrie L, Everest P, Smith DGE. Proteomic and genomic analysis reveals novel Campylobacter jejuni outer membrane proteins and potential heterogeneity. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014; 4:184-194. [PMID: 27525220 PMCID: PMC4975774 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane proteins play important roles in the interaction of bacteria with their environment including nutrient acquisition, adhesion and invasion, and antibiotic resistance. In this study we identified 47 proteins within the Sarkosyl-insoluble fraction of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176, using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Comparative analysis of outer membrane protein sequences was visualised to reveal protein distribution within a panel of Campylobacter spp., identifying several C. jejuni-specific proteins. Smith-Waterman analyses of C. jejuni homologues revealed high sequence conservation amongst a number of hypothetical proteins, sequence heterogeneity of other proteins and several proteins which are absent in a proportion of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Watson
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Sherry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neil F Inglis
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Lainson
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raja Yaga
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Manson
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Imrie
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Everest
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David G E Smith
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Penicuik, United Kingdom; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Fraqueza M, Martins A, Borges A, Fernandes M, Fernandes M, Vaz Y, Bessa R, Barreto A. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from different poultry production systems at slaughterhouse level. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1578-86. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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