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Rodríguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado Y, Santos-Mena AO, García-Hernández MH, De Jesus-Gonzalez LA, Lara-Ramirez EE, Rivas-Santiago B. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors- based drugs are effective to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and promote the sensibility for rifampicin in MDR strain. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e230143. [PMID: 38126492 PMCID: PMC10740574 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, which has been aggravated by the alarming growth of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Therefore, the development of a safer and more effective treatment is needed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was repositioning and evaluate histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors- based drugs with potential antimycobacterial activity. METHODS Using an in silico pharmacological repositioning strategy, three molecules that bind to the catalytic site of histone deacetylase were selected. Pneumocytes type II and macrophages were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated with pre-selected HDAC inhibitors (HDACi). Subsequently, the ability of each of these molecules to directly promote the elimination of M. tuberculosis was evaluated by colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL. We assessed the expression of antimicrobial peptides and respiratory burst using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). FINDINGS Aminoacetanilide (ACE), N-Boc-1,2-phenylenediamine (N-BOC), 1,3-Diphenylurea (DFU), reduce bacillary loads in macrophages and increase the production of β-defensin-2, LL-37, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). While only the use of ACE in type II pneumocytes decreases the bacterial load through increasing LL-37 expression. Furthermore, the use of ACE and rifampicin inhibited the survival of intracellular multi-drug resistance M. tuberculosis. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data support the usefulness of in silico approaches for drug repositioning to provide a potential adjunctive therapy for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Jacobo-Delgado
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Edgar E Lara-Ramirez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
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2
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Repurposing HDAC inhibitors to enhance ribonuclease 4 and 7 expression and reduce urinary tract infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213363120. [PMID: 36652479 PMCID: PMC9942862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213363120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, innovative approaches are needed for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Boosting antimicrobial peptide expression may provide an alternative to antibiotics. Here, we developed reporter cell lines and performed a high-throughput screen of clinically used drugs to identify compounds that boost ribonuclease 4 and 7 expression (RNase 4 and 7), peptides that have antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant uropathogens. This screen identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as effective RNase 4 and RNase 7 inducers. Validation studies in primary human kidney and bladder cells confirmed pan-HDAC inhibitors as well as the HDAC class I inhibitor, MS-275, induce RNase 4 and RNase 7 to protect human kidney and bladder cells from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. When we administered MS-275 to mice, RNase 4 and 7 expression increased and mice were protected from acute transurethral E. coli challenge. In support of this mechanism, MS-275 treatment increased acetylated histone H3 binding to the RNASE4 and RNASE7 promoters. Overexpression and knockdown of HDAC class I proteins identified HDAC3 as a primary regulator of RNase 4 and 7. These results demonstrate the protective effects of enhancing RNase 4 and RNase 7, opening the door to repurposing medications as antibiotic conserving therapeutics for urinary tract infection.
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3
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High-Throughput Screening for Epigenetic Compounds That Induce Human β-Defensin 1 Synthesis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020186. [PMID: 36830097 PMCID: PMC9952773 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial host defense peptides (HDPs) are critically important for innate immunity. Small-molecule compounds with the ability to induce HDP synthesis are being actively explored for antimicrobial therapy. To facilitate the discovery of the compounds that specifically activate human β-defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene transcription, we established a cell-based high-throughput screening assay that employs HT-29/DEFB1-luc, a stable reporter cell line expressing the luciferase gene driven by a 3-Kb DEFB1 gene promoter. A screening of a library of 148 small-molecule epigenetic compounds led to the identification of 28 hits, with a minimum strictly standardized mean difference of 3.0. Fourteen compounds were further selected and confirmed to be capable of inducing DEFB1 mRNA expression in human HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. Desirably, the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene was also induced by these epigenetic compounds. Benzamide-containing histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) were among the most potent HDP inducers identified in this study. Additionally, several major genes involved in intestinal barrier function, such as claudin-1, claudin-2, tight junction protein 1, and mucin 2, were differentially regulated by HDP inducers. These findings suggest the potential for the development of benzamide-based HDACi as host-directed antimicrobials for infectious disease control and prevention.
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4
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Whitmore MA, Li H, Lyu W, Khanam S, Zhang G. Epigenetic Regulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis: Synergy Between Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and DNA/Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874706. [PMID: 35529861 PMCID: PMC9074817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are an integral part of the innate immune system acting as the first line of defense. Modulation of HDP synthesis has emerged as a promising host-directed approach to fight against infections. Inhibition of histone deacetylation or DNA methylation is known to enhance HDP gene expression. In this study, we explored a possible synergy in HDP gene induction between histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA/histone methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi/HMTi). Two chicken macrophage cell lines were treated with structurally distinct HDACi, HMTi, or DNMTi individually or in combinations, followed by HDP gene expression analysis. Each epigenetic compound was found to be capable of inducing HDP expression. To our surprise, a combination of HDACi and HMTi or HDACi and DNMTi showed a strong synergy to induce the expressions of most HDP genes. The HDP-inducing synergy between butyrate, an HDACi, and BIX01294, an HMTi, were further verified in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, tight junction proteins such as claudin 1 were also synergistically induced by HDACi and HMTi. Overall, we conclude that HDP genes are regulated by epigenetic modifications. Strategies to increase histone acetylation while reducing DNA or histone methylation exert a synergistic effect on HDP induction and, therefore, have potential for the control and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lyu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sharmily Khanam
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Guolong Zhang,
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5
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Das S, Pradhan C, Pillai D. β-Defensin: An adroit saviour in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:417-430. [PMID: 35331882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
β-Defensin (BD) is an important first line innate defense molecule with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities in fish. The signatures of β-defensins are the presence of a net cationic charge and three intramolecular disulfide bonds mediated by six conserved cysteines. It consists of three exons and two introns. The signal peptide is usually conserved and sequence divergence is mostly seen in mature peptide region. The diverse amino acid sequences of matured peptide contribute to a strong positive selection and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It is constitutively expressed in both mucosal as well as systemic sites. Increased expression of β-defensin was mostly reported in bacterial and viral infections in fish. Its role during parasitic and fungal infections is yet to be investigated. β-Defensin isoforms such as BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4 and BD-5 can be witnessed even in early developmental days to different pathogenic exposure in fish. β-Defensins possess adjuvant properties to enhance antigen-specific immunity promoting both cellular and humoral immune response. It significantly reduces/increases bacterial colonization or viral copy numbers when overexpressed/knockdown. Based on its chemotactic and activating potentials, it can contribute to both innate and adaptive immune responses. With mediated expression, it can also control inflammation. It is potent governing resistance in early developmental days as well. Its expression in pituitary and testis suggests its participation in reproduction and endocrine regulation in fish. Overall, β-defensins is an important member of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with multifunctional role in general homeostasis and to pathogen exposure possessing tremendous therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Das
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health & Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Chiranjiv Pradhan
- Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health & Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
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6
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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7
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Rodríguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Santos-Mena AO, Rivas-Santiago B. Modulation of cathelicidin and defensins by histone deacetylase inhibitors: A potential treatment for multi-drug resistant infectious diseases. Peptides 2021; 140:170527. [PMID: 33744370 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an important growing public health problem, which perspective has worsened due to the increasing number of drug-resistant strains in the last few years. Although diverse solutions have been proposed, one viable solution could be the use of immune system modulators. The induction of the immune response can be increased by histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC), which in turn modulate the chromatin and increase the activation of different cellular pathways and nuclear factors such as STAT3, HIF-1α NF-kB, C/EBPα and, AP-1. These pathways are capable to promote several immune response-related molecules including those with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that lead to the elimination of pathogens including multi drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Alan O Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
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8
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Mahood T, Pascoe CD, Karakach TK, Jha A, Basu S, Ezzati P, Spicer V, Mookherjee N, Halayko AJ. Integrating Proteomes for Lung Tissues and Lavage Reveals Pathways That Link Responses in Allergen-Challenged Mice. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1171-1189. [PMID: 33490776 PMCID: PMC7818314 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To capture interplay between biological pathways, we analyzed the proteome from matched lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of individual allergen-naïve and house dust mite (HDM)-challenged BALB/c mice, a model of allergic asthma. Unbiased label-free liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis quantified 2675 proteins from tissues and BALF of allergen-naïve and HDM-exposed mice. In comparing the four datasets, we found significantly greater diversity in proteins between lung tissues and BALF than in the changes induced by HDM challenge. The biological pathways enriched after allergen exposure were compartment-dependent. Lung tissues featured innate immune responses and oxidative stress, while BALF most strongly revealed changes in metabolism. We combined lung tissues and BALF proteomes, which principally highlighted oxidation reduction (redox) pathways, a finding influenced chiefly by the lung tissue dataset. Integrating lung and BALF proteomes also uncovered new proteins and biological pathways that may mediate lung tissue and BALF interactions after allergen challenge, for example, B-cell receptor signaling. We demonstrate that enhanced insight is fostered when different biological compartments from the lung are investigated in parallel. Integration of proteomes from lung tissues and BALF compartments reveals new information about protein networks in response to environmental challenge and interaction between intracellular and extracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
H. Mahood
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Christopher D. Pascoe
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Tobias K. Karakach
- Bioinformatics
Core Laboratory, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E
3P4, Canada
| | - Aruni Jha
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Peyman Ezzati
- Manitoba
Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba
Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Manitoba
Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department
of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department
of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- DEVOTION
Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology
of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital
Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Canadian
Respiratory Research Network, Ottawa, Ontario K2E 7V7, Canada
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Wu N, Chen D, Sun H, Tan J, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Han Y, Liu H, Ouyang X, Yang XD, Niu X, Zhong J, Wang Z, Su B. MAP3K2 augments Th1 cell differentiation via IL-18 to promote T cell-mediated colitis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:389-403. [PMID: 32737854 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell-mediated immunity in the intestine is stringently controlled to ensure proper immunity against pathogenic microbes and to prevent autoimmunity, a known cause of inflammatory bowel disease. However, precisely how T cells regulate intestine immunity remains to be fully understood. In this study, we found that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2) is required for the CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammation in the intestine. Using a T cell transfer colitis model, we found that MAP3K2-deficient naïve CD4 T cells had a dramatically reduced ability to induce colitis compared to wild type T cells. In addition, significantly fewer IFN-γ- but more IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells in the intestines of mice receiving MAP3K2-deficient T cells than in those from mice receiving wild type T cells was observed. Interestingly, under well-defined in vitro differentiation conditions, MAP3K2-deficient naïve T cells were not impaired in their ability to differentiate into Th1, Th17 and Treg. Furthermore, the MAP3K2-regulated colitis severity was mediated by Th1 but not Th17 cells in the intestine. At the molecular level, we showed that MAP3K2-mediated Th1 cell differentiation in the intestine was regulated by IL-18 and required specific JNK activation. Together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of MAP3K2 in intestinal T cell immunity via the IL-18-MAP3K2-JNK axis and may provide a novel target for intervention in T cell-mediated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuheng Han
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinxing Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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10
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Identification of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae Histone Deacetylase: Epigenetic Impact on Host Gene Expression. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020132. [PMID: 32085531 PMCID: PMC7168274 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming in macrophages is termed trained innate immunity, which regulates immune tolerance and limits tissue damage during infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a strict human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted infection termed gonorrhea. Here, we report that this pathogen harbors a gene that encodes a histone deacetylase-like enzyme (Gc-HDAC) that shares high 3D-homology to human HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC8. A Gc-HDAC null mutant was constructed to determine the biologic significance of this gene. The results showed that WT gonococci reduced the expression of host defense peptides LL-37, HBD-1 and SLPI in macrophages when compared to its Gc-HDAC-deficient isogenic strain. The enrichment of epigenetic marks in histone tails control gene expression and are known to change during bacterial infections. To investigate whether gonococci exert epigenetic modifications on host chromatin, the enrichment of acetylated lysine 9 in histone 3 (H3K9ac) was investigated using the TLR-focused ChIP array system. The data showed that infection with WT gonococci led to higher H3K9ac enrichment at the promoters of pro-inflammatory mediators' genes, many TLRs, adaptor proteins and transcription factors, suggesting gene activation when compared to infection with the Gc-HDAC-deficient mutant. Taken together, the data suggest that gonococci can exert epigenetic modifications on host cells to modulate certain macrophage defense genes, leading to a maladaptive state of trained immunity.
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11
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Cruz Díaz LA, Gutiérrez Ortega A, Chávez Álvarez RDC, Velarde Félix JS, Prado Montes de Oca E. Regulatory SNP rs5743417 impairs constitutive expression of human β-defensin 1 and has high frequency in Africans and Afro-Americans. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:332-341. [PMID: 31994826 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) in proximal promoters of disease-related genes could be a useful tool for personalized medicine in both patient stratification and customized therapy. Using our previously reported method of rSNPs prediction (currently a software called SNPClinic v.1.0) as well as with PredictSNP tool, we performed in silico prediction of regulatory SNPs in the antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 1 gene in three human cell lines from 1,000 Genomes Project (1kGP), namely A549 (epithelial cell line), HL-60 (neutrophils) and TH 1 (lymphocytes). These predictions were run in a proximal pseudo-promoter comprising all common alleles on each polymorphic site according to the 1,000 Genomes Project data (1kGP: ALL). Plasmid vectors containing either the major or the minor allele of a putative rSNP rs5743417 (categorized as regulatory by SNPClinic and confirmed by PredictSNP) and a non-rSNP negative control were transfected to lung A549 human epithelial cell line. We assessed functionality of rSNPs by qPCR using the Pfaffl method. In A549 cells, minor allele of the SNP rs5743417 G→A showed a significant reduction in gene expression, diminishing DEFB1 transcription by 33% when compared with the G major allele (p-value = .03). SNP rs5743417 minor allele has high frequency in Gambians (8%, 1kGP population: GWD) and Afro-Americans (3.3%, 1kGP population: ASW). This SNP alters three transcription factors binding sites (TFBSs) comprising SREBP2 (sterols and haematopoietic pathways), CREB1 (cAMP, insulin and TNF pathways) and JUND (apoptosis, senescence and stress pathways) in the proximal promoter of DEFB1. Further in silico analysis reveals that this SNP also overlaps with GS1-24F4.2, a lincRNA gene complementary to the X Kell blood group related 5 (XKR5) mRNA. The potential clinical impact of the altered constitutive expression of DEFB1 caused by rSNP rs5743417 in DEFB1-associated diseases as tuberculosis, COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis and cancer in African and Afro-American populations deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Cruz Díaz
- Interinstitutional Posgrade in Science and Technology (PICYT), Research Center of Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State, (CIATEJ A.C.), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Laboratory of Regulatory SNPs, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology, Central Unit, CIATEJ A.C., National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Abel Gutiérrez Ortega
- Laboratory of Regulatory SNPs, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology, Central Unit, CIATEJ A.C., National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rocío Del Carmen Chávez Álvarez
- Laboratory of Regulatory SNPs, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology, Central Unit, CIATEJ A.C., National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jesús Salvador Velarde Félix
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico.,Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico.,Genomic Medicine Center, Dr. Bernardo J. Gastélum Primary Care Hospital, Sinaloa Health Ministry, Culiacan, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Laboratory of Regulatory SNPs, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology, Central Unit, CIATEJ A.C., National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Preventive Medicine, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology, Central Unit, CIATEJ A.C., CONACYT, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Kallel A, Ben Salem T, Hammami MB, Said F, Jemaa R, Houman MH, Feki M. Association of systemic beta-defensin-1 and -20G/A DEFB1 gene polymorphism with Behçet's disease. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 65:58-62. [PMID: 30819604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Beta-defensins are antimicrobial peptides involved in epithelial host defense. To explore whether beta-defensins might be involved in BD pathogenesis, we examined plasma human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) and DEFB1 -20G/A polymorphism in BD patients. METHODS This case-control study included 106 BD patients fulfilling the criteria of the International Study Group for BD and 156 controls. The -20G/A genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis in all participants, and plasma hBD-1 was assessed by ELISA in 77 BD patients and 44 controls, only. Stepwise multiple regression models were applied to determine independent predictors for plasma hBD-1 in BD patients. RESULTS Distribution of -20G/A genotypes was different between BD patients and controls. Compared to GG genotype, "GA" genotype [OR (95% CI), 3.12 (1.56-6.16); p = .001] and "AA" genotype [2.57 (1.10-5.96); p = .027)] were associated with increased risk for BD. Plasma hBD-1 concentrations were significantly higher in BD patients than controls (9.81 ± 3.52 ng/mL vs. 5.30 ± 3.02 ng/mL; p < .001), and in BD patients with neurological involvement than those without (11.1 ± 4.12 ng/mL vs. 9.19 ± 3.10 ng/mL; p = .040). No variation was noted according to other clinical features, treatment received or -20G/A genotypes. In multivariate analysis, neurological involvement was the only predictor for plasma hBD-1 (β, 0.274; p = .029). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that hBD-1 and its encoding gene DEFB1 could modulate the risk for BD, especially for BD neurological involvement. Further work is needed for a better understanding of role of hBD-1 and its genetic variants in the pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Kallel
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Ben Salem
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Internal Medicine, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bassem Hammami
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Said
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Internal Medicine, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Jemaa
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Habib Houman
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Internal Medicine, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia..
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13
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Bedenbender K, Scheller N, Fischer S, Leiting S, Preissner KT, Schmeck BT, Vollmeister E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:9017-9029. [PMID: 31039328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900451r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease 1 (RNase1) is a circulating extracellular endonuclease that regulates the vascular homeostasis of extracellular RNA and acts as a vessel- and tissue-protective enzyme. Upon long-term inflammation, high amounts of proinflammatory cytokines affect endothelial cell (EC) function by down-regulation of RNase1. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of RNase1 upon inflammation in HUVECs. TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation reduced the expression of RNase1 relative to the acetylation state of histone 3 at lysine 27 and histone 4 of the RNASE1 promoter. Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 2, and 3 by the specific class I HDAC inhibitor MS275 abolished the TNF-α- or IL-1β-mediated effect on the mRNA and chromatin levels of RNase1. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation kinetics revealed that HDAC2 accumulates at the RNASE1 promoter upon TNF-α stimulation, indicating an essential role for HDAC2 in regulating RNase1 expression. Thus, proinflammatory stimulation induced recruitment of HDAC2 to attenuate histone acetylation at the RNASE1 promoter site. Consequently, treatment with HDAC inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy to stabilize vascular homeostasis in the context of inflammation by preventing RNase1 down-regulation in ECs.-Bedenbender, K., Scheller, N., Fischer, S., Leiting, S., Preissner, K. T., Schmeck, B. T., Vollmeister, E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bedenbender
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Scheller
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Leiting
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd T Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Vollmeister
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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14
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Meade KG, O'Farrelly C. β-Defensins: Farming the Microbiome for Homeostasis and Health. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3072. [PMID: 30761155 PMCID: PMC6362941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse commensal populations are now regarded as key to physiological homeostasis and protection against disease. Although bacteria are the most abundant component of microbiomes, and the most intensively studied, the microbiome also consists of viral, fungal, archael, and protozoan communities, about which comparatively little is known. Host-defense peptides (HDPs), originally described as antimicrobial, now have renewed significance as curators of the pervasive microbial loads required to maintain homeostasis and manage microbiome diversity. Harnessing HDP biology to transition away from non-selective, antibiotic-mediated treatments for clearance of microbes is a new paradigm, particularly in veterinary medicine. One family of evolutionarily conserved HDPs, β-defensins which are produced in diverse combinations by epithelial and immune cell populations, are multifunctional cationic peptides which manage the cross-talk between host and microbes and maintain a healthy yet dynamic equilibrium across mucosal systems. They are therefore key gatekeepers to the oral, respiratory, reproductive and enteric tissues, preventing pathogen-associated inflammation and disease and maintaining physiological normality. Expansions in the number of genes encoding these natural antibiotics have been described in the genomes of some species, the functional significance of which has only recently being appreciated. β-defensin expression has been documented pre-birth and disruptions in their regulation may play a role in maladaptive neonatal immune programming, thereby contributing to subsequent disease susceptibility. Here we review recent evidence supporting a critical role for β-defensins as farmers of the pervasive and complex prokaryotic ecosystems that occupy all body surfaces and cavities. We also share some new perspectives on the role of β-defensins as sensors of homeostasis and the immune vanguard particularly at sites of immunological privilege where inflammation is attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran G. Meade
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Witkin SS, Nasioudis D, Leizer J, Minis E, Boester A, Forney LJ. Epigenetics and the vaginal microbiome: influence of the microbiota on the histone deacetylase level in vaginal epithelial cells from pregnant women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:171-175. [PMID: 30318873 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase (HDAC) influences the acetylation status of histones at gene promotor loci, providing an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression. METHODS We determined if variations in the composition of the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women were associated with alterations in the level of HDAC1 in vaginal epithelial cells and whether this influenced the concentration of compounds present in vaginal fluid. Vaginal epithelial cells were obtained from 150 women in their first trimester of pregnancy, lysed and assayed for HDAC1 by ELISA. Composition of the vaginal microbiome was determined by classification of sequences amplified from the V1-V3 region of bacterial ribosomal 16S rRNA genes. Vaginal secretions were assayed for total protein, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, the 70kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and the D- and L-lactic acid isomers. RESULTS Lactobacilli were numerically dominant in 119 (79.3%) of the women, with Lactobacillus crispatus being the most prevalent (45.3% of women). Gardnerella was the most prevalent non-Lactobacillus species (10.7% of women). The median HDAC1 level in epithelial cells was 6.1 ng/mL when lactobacilli predominated vs. 20.5 ng/mL when non-lactobacilli were dominant (P=0.0039). Levels were lowest when L. crispatus was dominant (3.8 ng/mL) and highest with Streptococcus dominance (38.1 ng/mL). The concentration of HDAC1 was negatively correlated with the D-lactic acid level (P=0.0183) and positively correlated with concentrations of MMP-8 and hsp70 (P<0.0001) in the vaginal fluid. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the composition of the vaginal microbiome and level of D-lactic acid, by influencing the HDAC1 level in vaginal epithelial cells, may epigenetically contribute to variations in the concentration of compounds in vaginal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA -
| | - Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Leizer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn Minis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Boester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry J Forney
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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16
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Álvarez ÁH, Martínez Velázquez M, Prado Montes de Oca E. Human β-defensin 1 update: Potential clinical applications of the restless warrior. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:133-137. [PMID: 30236992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is a multifaceted antimicrobial peptide being a tumour suppressor and, depending on call of duty, capable of inducing self-nets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and/or kill bacteria, participates in inflammatory responses in chronic diseases including hBD-3 upregulation and also capable of up/downregulation in the presence of certain species of Lactobacillus sp. Thus, is regulated by host microbiota. Alleles, genotypes and/or altered gene expression of its coding gene, DEFB1, have been associated with several human diseases/conditions ranging from metabolic/chronic (e.g. cancer), infectious (e.g. tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS), inflammatory (gastrointestinal diseases), male infertility and more recently, neurologic (e.g. depression and Alzheimer) and autoimmune diseases (e.g. vitiligo and systemic lupus erythematosus). The present update focuses on novel DEFB1/hBD-1 properties and biomarker features, its biological function and the pharmaceutical potential uses of antimicrobial peptide elicitors (APEs) or the engineered peptide in the treatment of hBD-1-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel H Álvarez
- Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Research Center of Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Moisés Martínez Velázquez
- Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Research Center of Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Research Center of Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Mexico.
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17
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Lyu W, Deng Z, Sunkara LT, Becker S, Robinson K, Matts R, Zhang G. High Throughput Screening for Natural Host Defense Peptide-Inducing Compounds as Novel Alternatives to Antibiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:191. [PMID: 29942796 PMCID: PMC6004375 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in antimicrobial resistance demands novel alternatives to antimicrobials for disease control and prevention. As an important component of innate immunity, host defense peptides (HDPs) are capable of killing a broad spectrum of pathogens and modulating a range of host immune responses. Enhancing the synthesis of endogenous HDPs has emerged as a novel host-directed antimicrobial therapeutic strategy. To facilitate the identification of natural products with a strong capacity to induce HDP synthesis, a stable macrophage cell line expressing a luciferase reporter gene driven by a 2-Kb avian β-defensin 9 (AvBD9) gene promoter was constructed through lentiviral transduction and puromycin selection. A high throughput screening assay was subsequently developed using the stable reporter cell line to screen a library of 584 natural products. A total of 21 compounds with a minimum Z-score of 2.0 were identified. Secondary screening in chicken HTC macrophages and jejunal explants further validated most compounds with a potent HDP-inducing activity in a dose-dependent manner. A follow-up oral administration of a lead natural compound, wortmannin, confirmed its capacity to enhance the AvBD9 gene expression in the duodenum of chickens. Besides AvBD9, most other chicken HDP genes were also induced by wortmannin. Additionally, butyrate was also found to synergize with wortmannin and several other newly-identified compounds in AvBD9 induction in HTC cells. Furthermore, wortmannin acted synergistically with butyrate in augmenting the antibacterial activity of chicken monocytes. Therefore, these natural HDP-inducing products may have the potential to be developed individually or in combinations as novel antibiotic alternatives for disease control and prevention in poultry and possibly other animal species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Lyu
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Zhuo Deng
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Lakshmi T Sunkara
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Sage Becker
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Kelsy Robinson
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Robert Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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18
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Alaskhar Alhamwe B, Khalaila R, Wolf J, von Bülow V, Harb H, Alhamdan F, Hii CS, Prescott SL, Ferrante A, Renz H, Garn H, Potaczek DP. Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 14:39. [PMID: 29796022 PMCID: PMC5966915 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review covers basic aspects of histone modification and the role of posttranslational histone modifications in the development of allergic diseases, including the immune mechanisms underlying this development. Together with DNA methylation, histone modifications (including histone acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, etc.) represent the classical epigenetic mechanisms. However, much less attention has been given to histone modifications than to DNA methylation in the context of allergy. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to provide an unbiased and comprehensive update on the involvement of histone modifications in allergy and the mechanisms underlying this development. In addition to covering the growing interest in the contribution of histone modifications in regulating the development of allergic diseases, this review summarizes some of the evidence supporting this contribution. There are at least two levels at which the role of histone modifications is manifested. One is the regulation of cells that contribute to the allergic inflammation (T cells and macrophages) and those that participate in airway remodeling [(myo-) fibroblasts]. The other is the direct association between histone modifications and allergic phenotypes. Inhibitors of histone-modifying enzymes may potentially be used as anti-allergic drugs. Furthermore, epigenetic patterns may provide novel tools in the diagnosis of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alaskhar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Wolf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena von Bülow
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Present Address: Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Charles S. Hii
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital Campus, North Adelaide, SA Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital Campus, North Adelaide, SA Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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19
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Dou X, Han J, Song W, Dong N, Xu X, Zhang W, Shan A. Sodium butyrate improves porcine host defense peptide expression and relieves the inflammatory response upon Toll-like receptor 2 activation and histone deacetylase inhibition in porcine kidney cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26532-26551. [PMID: 28460447 PMCID: PMC5432277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are an important component of the innate immune system and possess direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Dietary regulation of HDPs synthesis has emerged as a novel non-antibiotic approach to combat pathogen infection. There are species- and tissue-dependent characteristics of the regulation and mechanism of HDPs. In this study, we investigated whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) sodium butyrate (NaB) could induce HDP expression and the mechanism underlying NaB-regulated HDP expression in PK-15 cells. Our results revealed that NaB augmented HDP expression in PK-15 cells, including porcine β-defensin 3 (pBD3), epididymis protein 2 splicing variant C (pEP2C), pBD128, pBD123, and pBD115, but no inflammatory response occurred. Inhibition of HDAC activity was not sufficient to induce the expression of pBD3 and pEP2C in comparisons of NaB and another HDACi, trichostatin A (TSA). Concomitantly, NF-κB activation was involved in the induction of HDP expression by NaB. MAPK pathway inhibition also prevented pBD3 and pEP2C induction by NaB. Furthermore, NaB could still promote pBD3 and pEP2C expression and inhibit IL-6 production in the presence of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand peptidoglycan. Moreover, TLR2 could be activated by both NaB and peptidoglycan, and blocking TLR2 expression suppressed HDP induction. Finally, we further showed that increased pBD3 could decrease cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) and increase porcine claudin 15 (pCLDN15) contents, suggesting an immunoregulatory function of pBD3. In conclusion, this work paves the way for using HDACi-NaB to induce porcine kidney defense peptides while limiting the deleterious risk of an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junlan Han
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Na Dong
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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Dietary modulation of endogenous host defense peptide synthesis as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:160-169. [PMID: 30140755 PMCID: PMC6104571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, antibiotics are included in animal feed at subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion and disease prevention. However, recent links between in-feed antibiotics and a rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens have led to a ban of all antibiotics in livestock production by the European Union in January 2006 and a removal of medically important antibiotics in animal feeds in the United States in January 2017. An urgent need arises for antibiotic alternatives capable of maintaining animal health and productivity without triggering antimicrobial resistance. Host defense peptides (HDP) are a critical component of the animal innate immune system with direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. While in-feed supplementation of recombinant or synthetic HDP appears to be effective in maintaining animal performance and alleviating clinical symptoms in the context of disease, dietary modulation of the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides has emerged as a cost-effective, antibiotic-alternative approach to disease control and prevention. Several different classes of small-molecule compounds have been found capable of promoting HDP synthesis. Among the most efficacious compounds are butyrate and vitamin D. Moreover, butyrate and vitamin D synergize with each other in enhancing HDP synthesis. This review will focus on the regulation of HDP synthesis by butyrate and vitamin D in humans, chickens, pigs, and cattle and argue for potential application of HDP-inducing compounds in antibiotic-free livestock production.
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21
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Showalter MR, Nonnecke EB, Linderholm AL, Cajka T, Sa MR, Lönnerdal B, Kenyon NJ, Fiehn O. Obesogenic diets alter metabolism in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190632. [PMID: 29324762 PMCID: PMC5764261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and accompanying metabolic disease is negatively correlated with lung health yet the exact mechanisms by which obesity affects the lung are not well characterized. Since obesity is associated with lung diseases as chronic bronchitis and asthma, we designed a series of experiments to measure changes in lung metabolism in mice fed obesogenic diets. Mice were fed either control or high fat/sugar diet (45%kcal fat/17%kcal sucrose), or very high fat diet (60%kcal fat/7% sucrose) for 150 days. We performed untargeted metabolomics by GC-TOFMS and HILIC-QTOFMS and lipidomics by RPLC-QTOFMS to reveal global changes in lung metabolism resulting from obesity and diet composition. From a total of 447 detected metabolites, we found 91 metabolite and lipid species significantly altered in mouse lung tissues upon dietary treatments. Significantly altered metabolites included complex lipids, free fatty acids, energy metabolites, amino acids and adenosine and NAD pathway members. While some metabolites were altered in both obese groups compared to control, others were different between obesogenic diet groups. Furthermore, a comparison of changes between lung, kidney and liver tissues indicated few metabolic changes were shared across organs, suggesting the lung is an independent metabolic organ. These results indicate obesity and diet composition have direct mechanistic effects on composition of the lung metabolome, which may contribute to disease progression by lung-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Showalter
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Nonnecke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - A. L. Linderholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Tomas Cajka
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Sa
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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22
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Noguchi S, Eitoku M, Moriya S, Kondo S, Kiyosawa H, Watanabe T, Suganuma N. Regulation of Gene Expression by Sodium Valproate in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Lung 2015; 193:691-700. [PMID: 26286207 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism in cancer metastasis and pulmonary fibrosis. Previous studies demonstrated effect of histone H3 and H4 acetylation in cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, so we hypothesized that histone modification might play a crucial role in gene regulation during EMT. In this study, we investigated the mechanism behind EMT by analyzing comprehensive gene expression and the effect of sodium valproate (VPA), a class I histone deacetylase inhibitory drug, on histone modification. METHODS EMT was induced in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) using 5 ng/mL of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Various concentrations of VPA were then administered, and Western blotting was used to analyze histone acetylation or methylation. Comprehensive gene expression analysis was carried out by RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed with an anti-acetyl histone H3 lysine 27 antibody. RESULTS TGF-β1 stimulation led to a decrease in histone acetylation, especially that of histone H3K27, and H3K27ac localization was decreased at particular gene loci. This decrease was recovered by VPA treatment, which also up-regulated the mRNA expression of genes down-regulated by TGF-β1, and correlated with the localization of H3K27ac. However, genes up-regulated by TGF-β1 stimulation were not suppressed by VPA, with the exception of COL1A1. CONCLUSIONS Histone acetylation was down-regulated by TGF-β1 stimulation in A549 cells. VPA partially inhibited EMT and the decrease of histone acetylation, which plays an important role in the progression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Noguchi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Moriya
- Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Research Integration Center, Research Organization of Information and Systems, National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kiyosawa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Organization for Regional Alliances, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
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23
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Huang YP, Wang TY, Wang W, Sun HZ. Association between Genetic Polymorphisms in DEFB1 and Susceptibility to Digestive Diseases. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2240-50. [PMID: 26232989 PMCID: PMC4527116 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of defensins is implicated in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases. However, the contribution of specific defensins and the influence of their genetic polymorphisms on the progression of digestive diseases remain controversial. In the present meta-analysis, we investigated the association between DEFB1 SNPs and the susceptibility to digestive diseases. Material/Methods Case-control studies that reported the correlation between DEFB1 SNPs and the susceptibility to digestive diseases were identified through electronic databases searches, and high-quality studies that satisfied our inclusion criteria were selected for this meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing STATA software version 12.0. Results The present meta-analysis revealed that patients with digestive diseases exhibited higher frequencies of the DEFB1 genetic variants rs11362G>A, rs1800972C>G, and rs1799946G>A compared to healthy controls under the allele model. Subgroup analysis based on country showed that the rs1800972C>G variant under allele model and rs1799946G>A are associated with the susceptibility to digestive diseases in Hungarian and Italian populations, respectively. Subgroup analysis based on disease type showed that: (1) rs11362G>A variant was strongly associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and chronic gastritis, (2) frequency of rs1800972C>G variant was higher in SAP subgroup, and (3) frequency of rs1799946G>A variant was positively associated with the susceptibility to Crohn’s disease (CD) under the allele model and with SAP. Conclusions Our meta-analysis provides evidence that DEFB1 genetic polymorphisms rs11362G>A, rs1800972C>G and rs1799946G>A are important contributing factors to the development of digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Tian-Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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24
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Zhang LW, Koci J, Jeffery B, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Safety assessment of potential food ingredients in canine hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:105-15. [PMID: 25660481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to develop in vitro methods to assess hazard of canine food ingredients. Canine hepatocytes were harvested and cell viability of clove-leaf oil (CLO), eugenol (EUG), lemongrass oil (LGO), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), sorbose, ginger-root extract (GRE), cinnamon-bark oil (CBO), cinnamaldehyde (CINA), thymol oil (TO), thymol (THYM), and citric acid were assessed with positive controls: acetaminophen (APAP), aflatoxin B1 and xylitol. Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder array (MTPF) analyzed toxicity mechanisms for LGO. LC50 for APAP was similar among human (3.45), rat (2.35), dog (4.26 mg/ml). Aflatoxin B1 had an LC50 of 4.43 (human), 5.78 (rat) and 6.05 (dog) µg/ml; xylitol did not decrease viability. LC50 of CLO (0.185 ± 0.075(SD)), EUG (0.165 ± 0.112), LGO (0.220 ± 0.012), GRE (1.54 ± 0.31) mg/ml; GMP (166.03 ± 41.83), GMP + IMP (208.67 ± 15.27) mM; CBO (0.08 ± 0.03), CINA (0.11 ± 0.01), TO (0.21 ± 0.03), THYM (0.05 ± 0.01), citric acid (1.58 ± 0.08) mg/ml, while sorbose was non-toxic. LGO induced upregulation of 16 and down-regulation of 24 genes, which CYP and heat shock most affected. These results suggest that in vitro assays such as this may be useful for hazard assessment of food ingredients for altered hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshuai W Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Juraj Koci
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Brett Jeffery
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, Beijing, P.R. China 101407
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
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Phenylbutyrate induces cathelicidin expression via the vitamin D receptor: Linkage to inflammatory and growth factor cytokines pathways. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:530-9. [PMID: 25458314 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute an indispensable arm of innate immunity against infectious microbes in humans. Induction of endogenous AMPs may become an alternative therapy against infections. Our previous studies have demonstrated phenylbutyrate (PBA) as a novel inducer of the AMPs cathelicidin (encoded by the CAMP gene) and human beta-defensin-1 in the human bronchial epithelial cell line VA10. In this work, we have continued by studying molecular mechanisms of PBA mediated induction of LL-37 expression and associated pathways in the human bronchial epithelial cell line VA10. In this study we demonstrate vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a key transcription factor required for PBA mediated up-regulation of the CAMP gene expression. PBA also increases mRNA expression of the vitamin D3 regulated genes CYP24A1 and CD14. The siRNA knockdown of VDR reduced PBA mediated increase in CAMP, CYP24A1 and CD14 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PBA enhances Toll-Like Receptor 5 ligand flagellin regulated mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα and chemokine CXCL8. PBA also up-regulates the expression of the genes encoding the growth factor cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF) α, TGFβ1 and TGFβ2. Our results indicate that TGFβ type I receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor are involved in PBA mediated CAMP regulation. Finally, we show that co-treatment with PBA and vitamin D3 reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in vitro.
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Augmentation of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Production with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as a Novel Epigenetic Therapy for Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:44-61. [PMID: 27025614 PMCID: PMC4790325 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance seriously threatens our ability to treat many common and medically important bacterial infections. Novel therapeutics are needed that can be used alone or in conjunction with antibiotics. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are important effectors of the host innate defense that exhibit broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of microorganisms. CAMPs are carried within phagocytic granules and are constitutively or inducibly expressed by multiple cell types, including epithelial cells. The role of histone modification enzymes, specifically the histone deacetylases (HDAC), in down-regulating the transcription of CAMP-encoding genes is increasingly appreciated as is the capacity of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) to block the action of HDACs to increase CAMP expression. The use of synthetic and natural HDACi molecules to increase CAMPs on mucosal surfaces, therefore, has potential therapeutic applications. Here, we review host and pathogen regulation of CAMP expression through the induction of HDACs and assess the therapeutic potential of natural and synthetic HDACi based on evidence from tissue culture systems, animal models, and clinical trials.
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pH modulates the activity and synergism of the airway surface liquid antimicrobials β-defensin-3 and LL-37. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18703-8. [PMID: 25512526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422091112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary airways are continuously exposed to bacteria. As a first line of defense against infection, the airway surface liquid (ASL) contains a complex mixture of antimicrobial factors that kill inhaled and aspirated bacteria. The composition of ASL is critical for antimicrobial effectiveness. For example, in cystic fibrosis an abnormally acidic ASL inhibits antimicrobial activity. Here, we tested the effect of pH on the activity of an ASL defensin, human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3), and the cathelicidin-related peptide, LL-37. We found that reducing pH from 8.0 to 6.8 reduced the ability of both peptides to kill Staphylococcus aureus. An acidic pH also attenuated LL-37 killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, we discovered synergism between hBD-3 and LL-37 in killing S. aureus. LL-37 and lysozyme were also synergistic. Importantly, an acidic pH reduced the synergistic effects of combinations of ASL antibacterials. These results indicate that an acidic pH reduces the activity of individual ASL antimicrobials, impairs synergism between them, and thus may disrupt an important airway host defense mechanism.
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Histone deacetylases and their inhibitors: new implications for asthma and chronic respiratory conditions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 14:44-8. [PMID: 24322009 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The importance of the role of histone deacetylase enzymes in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic respiratory diseases is increasingly being recognized. Similarly, the potential clinical utility of histone deacetylase enzymes in the treatment of disease is emerging. In this review, the role of histone deacetylases (HDAC) and their inhibitors in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS HDAC are able to catalyze the hydrolysis of acetyl groups on lysine residues of histones, causing the condensation and coiling of chromosomal DNA around histones, and therefore regulating gene expression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors act specifically or broadly on HDAC and also on nonhistone targets. Some have been used in the oncology therapeutic field for some years, but it is only more recently that they have been suggested in the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory lung diseases. SUMMARY Important developments have been made in the understanding of histone deacetylase expression in normal and diseased airways and pulmonary tissue as well as effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on structural and inflammatory cells in the lung, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and senescence. Many of these discoveries may have implications in addressing airway inflammation, airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma.
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Liu YQ, Li Y, Qin J, Wang Q, She YL, Luo YL, He JX, Li JY, Xie XD. Matrine Reduces Proliferation of Human Lung Cancer Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Changing miRNA Expression Profiles. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2169-77. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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