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Beukema M, Gong S, Al-Jaawni K, de Vries-Idema JJ, Krammer F, Zhou F, Cox RJ, Huckriede A. Prolonging the delivery of influenza virus vaccine improves the quantity and quality of the induced immune responses in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249902. [PMID: 37869002 PMCID: PMC10585035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza vaccines play a vital role in protecting individuals from influenza virus infection and severe illness. However, current influenza vaccines have suboptimal efficacy, which is further reduced in cases where the vaccine strains do not match the circulating strains. One strategy to enhance the efficacy of influenza vaccines is by extended antigen delivery, thereby mimicking the antigen kinetics of a natural infection. Prolonging antigen availability was shown to quantitatively enhance influenza virus-specific immune responses but how it affects the quality of the induced immune response is unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate whether prolongation of the delivery of influenza vaccine improves the quality of the induced immune responses over that induced by prime-boost immunization. Methods Mice were given daily doses of whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine for periods of 14, 21, or 28 days; the control group received prime-boost immunization with a 28 days interval. Results Our data show that the highest levels of cellular and humoral immune responses were induced by 28 days of extended antigen delivery, followed by 21, and 14 days of delivery, and prime-boost immunization. Moreover, prolonging vaccine delivery also improved the quality of the induced antibody response, as indicated by higher level of high avidity antibodies, a balanced IgG subclass profile, and a higher level of cross-reactive antibodies. Conclusions Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune response to influenza vaccination and have important implications for the design and development of future slow-release influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shuran Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kasem Al-Jaawni
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J. de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fan Zhou
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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2
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Chen K, Wang N, Zhang X, Wang M, Liu Y, Shi Y. Potentials of saponins-based adjuvants for nasal vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153042. [PMID: 37020548 PMCID: PMC10067588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections are a major public health concern caused by pathogens that colonize and invade the respiratory mucosal surface. Nasal vaccines have the advantage of providing protection at the primary site of pathogen infection, as they induce higher levels of mucosal secretory IgA antibodies and antigen-specific T and B cell responses. Adjuvants are crucial components of vaccine formulation that enhance the immunogenicity of the antigen to confer long-term and effective protection. Saponins, natural glycosides derived from plants, shown potential as vaccine adjuvants, as they can activate the mammalian immune system. Several licensed human vaccines containing saponins-based adjuvants administrated through intramuscular injection have demonstrated good efficacy and safety. Increasing evidence suggests that saponins can also be used as adjuvants for nasal vaccines, owing to their safety profile and potential to augment immune response. In this review, we will discuss the structure-activity-relationship of saponins, their important role in nasal vaccines, and future prospects for improving their efficacy and application in nasal vaccine for respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Shi
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Shi,
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3
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Han X, Guo J, Qin Y, Huang W, You Y, Zhan J. Dietary regulation of the SIgA-gut microbiota interaction. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6379-6392. [PMID: 35125055 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2031097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is essential for host health, and changes in the GM are related to the development of various diseases. Recently, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the most abundant immunoglobulin isotype in the intestinal mucosa, has been found to play an essential role in controlling GM. SIgA dysfunction can lead to changes in the GM and is associated with the development of various GM-related diseases. Although in early stage, recent studies have shown that assorted dietary interventions, including vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, oligo/polysaccharides, and probiotics, can influence the intestinal SIgA response and SIgA-GM interaction. Dietary intervention can enhance the SIgA response by directly regulating it (from top to bottom) or by regulating the GM structure or gene expression (from bottom to top). Furthermore, intensive studies involving the particular influence of dietary intervention on SIgA-binding to the GM and SIgA repertoire and the precise regulation of the SIgA response via dietary intervention are still exceedingly scarce and merit further consideration. This review summarizes the existing knowledge and (possible) mechanisms of the influence of dietary intervention on the SIgA-GM interaction. Key issues are considered, and the approaches in addressing these issues in future studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing
| | - Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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4
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Intradermal administration of influenza vaccine with trehalose and pullulan-based dissolving microneedle arrays. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1070-1080. [PMID: 35122832 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most influenza vaccines are administered via intramuscular injection which has several disadvantages that might jeopardize the compliance of vaccinees. Intradermal administration of dissolving-microneedle-arrays (dMNAs) could serve as minimal invasive alternative to needle injections. However, during the production process of dMNAs antigens are subjected to several stresses, which may reduce their potency. Moreover, the needles need to have sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate the skin and subsequently dissolve effectively to release the incorporated antigen. Here, we investigated whether blends of trehalose and pullulan are suitable for the production of stable dMNA fulfilling these criteria. Our results demonstrate that production of trehalose/pullulan-based dMNAs rendered microneedles that were sharp and stiff enough to pierce into ex vivo human skin and subsequently dissolve within 15 min. The mechanical properties of the dMNAs were maintained well even after four weeks of storage at temperatures up to 37°C. In addition, immunization of mice with influenza antigens via both freshly prepared dMNAs and dMNAs after storage (four weeks at 4°C or 37°C) resulted in antibody titers of similar magnitude as found in intramuscularly injected mice and partially protected mice from influenza virus infection. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of trehalose/pullulan-based dMNAs as alternative dosage form for influenza vaccination.
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Fan Q, Miao C, Huang Y, Yue H, Wu A, Wu J, Wu J, Ma G. Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan-based hydrogel as the split H5N1 mucosal adjuvant: Structure-activity relationship. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118139. [PMID: 34044953 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC)-based hydrogel was devised as a mucosal adjuvant for H5N1 vaccine. Aimed to investigate the structure activity relationship between HTCC hydrogel and immune response, we prepared a series of HTCC hydrogel with defined quaternization degrees (DQs, 0%, 21%, 41%, 60%, 80%). Results suggested that with DQ increasing, the positive charge and gelation time of HTCC hydrogel increased but the viscosity decreased. We applied in vivo imaging system and found that the moderate DQ 41% prolonged antigen residence time in nasal cavity, resulting in the most potent systemic responses (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, HI). While, the lowest DQ 0% produced the best mucosal IgA antibody responses, most likely due to the closer contact with mucosa. Furthermore, the influence of animal gender was also discussed. These data add to the growing understanding of the relationship between physicochemical features of chitosan-based hydrogel and how they influence the immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Chitosan/administration & dosage
- Chitosan/analogs & derivatives
- Chitosan/chemistry
- Chitosan/pharmacology
- Female
- Hydrogels/administration & dosage
- Hydrogels/chemistry
- Hydrogels/pharmacology
- Immunity/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nasal Mucosa/virology
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/administration & dosage
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sex Factors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingze Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Chunyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Bhide Y, Dong W, Meijerhof T, de Vries-Idema J, Niesters HG, Huckriede A. Characterization of humoral immune responses and degree of protection induced by influenza vaccine in cotton rats: Effects of low vaccine dose and single vs booster vaccination. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:279-291. [PMID: 32319216 PMCID: PMC7416045 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cotton rats are a suitable model for the study of influenza disease symptoms and responses to influenza vaccination. We have previously shown that two immunizations with 15 µg whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine could completely protect animals from infection with the H1N1pdm09 virus. Methods To further explore the cotton rat model, we here investigated the protective potential of a single intramuscular immunization and of prime/boost intramuscular immunizations with a low amount of antigen. Results A single intramuscular immunization with doses more than or equal to 0.5 µg WIV reliably evoked antibody responses and doses more than or equal to 1 µg protected the animals from virus replication in the lungs and from severe weight loss. However, clinical symptoms like an increased respiration rate were still apparent. Administration of a booster dose significantly increased the humoral immune responses but did not or only moderately improved protection from clinical symptoms. Conclusion Our data suggest that complete and partial protection by influenza vaccines can be mimicked in cotton rats by using specific vaccination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshita Bhide
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjarko Meijerhof
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert G Niesters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Feng H, Yamashita M, Wu L, Jose da Silva Lopes T, Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y. Food Additives as Novel Influenza Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E127. [PMID: 31554190 PMCID: PMC6963695 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major threat to public health. Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza; however, the current inactivated influenza vaccine has mild immunogenicity and exhibits suboptimal efficacy in clinical use. Vaccine efficacy can be improved by the addition of adjuvants, but few adjuvants have been approved for human use. To explore novel and effective adjuvants for influenza vaccines, here we screened 145 compounds from food additives approved in Japan. Of these 145 candidates, we identified 41 compounds that enhanced the efficacy of the split influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine against lethal virus challenge in a mouse model. These 41 compounds included 18 novel adjuvant candidates and 15 compounds with previously reported adjuvant effects for other antigens but not for the influenza vaccine. Our results are of value to the development of novel and effective adjuvanted influenza or other vaccines for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Feng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Li Wu
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Tiago Jose da Silva Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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8
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Yakuboğulları N, Genç R, Çöven F, Nalbantsoy A, Bedir E. Development of adjuvant nanocarrier systems for seasonal influenza A (H3N2) vaccine based on Astragaloside VII and gum tragacanth (APS). Vaccine 2019; 37:3638-3645. [PMID: 31155418 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are chemical/biological substances that are used in vaccines to increase the immunogenicity of antigens. A few adjuvants have been developed for use in human vaccines because of their limitations including lack of efficacy, unacceptable local or systemic toxicity, the difficulty of manufacturing, poor stability, and high cost. For that reasons, novel adjuvants/adjuvant systems are under search. Astragaloside VII (AST-VII), isolated from Astragalus trojanus, exhibited significant cellular and humoral immune responses. The polysaccharides (APS) obtained from the roots of Astragalus species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine and possess strong immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of a newly developed nanocarrier system (APNS: APS containing carrier) and its AST-VII containing formulation (ANS: AST-VII + APNS), on seasonal influenza A (H3N2) vaccine were investigated. Inactivated H3N2 alone or its combinations with test compounds/formulations were intramuscularly injected into Swiss albino mice. Four weeks after immunization, the immune responses were evaluated in terms of antibody and cytokine responses as well as splenocyte proliferation. APNS demonstrated Th2 mediated response by increasing IgG1 antibody titers, whereas ANS showed response towards Th1/Th2 balance and Th17 by producing of IFN-γ, IL-17A and IgG2a. Based on these results, we propose that APNS and ANS are good candidates to be utilized in seasonal influenza A vaccines as adjuvants/carrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Yakuboğulları
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 35433 Gülbahçe, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rükan Genç
- Mersin University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Fethiye Çöven
- Bornova Veterinary Control and Research Institute, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Erdal Bedir
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 35433 Gülbahçe, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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9
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Bhide Y, Dong W, Gribonika I, Voshart D, Meijerhof T, de Vries-Idema J, Norley S, Guilfoyle K, Skeldon S, Engelhardt OG, Boon L, Christensen D, Lycke N, Huckriede A. Cross-Protective Potential and Protection-Relevant Immune Mechanisms of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines Are Determined by Adjuvants and Route of Immunization. Front Immunol 2019; 10:646. [PMID: 30984200 PMCID: PMC6450434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvanted whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccines show promise as broadly protective influenza vaccine candidates. Using WIV as basis we assessed the relative efficacy of different adjuvants by carrying out a head-to-head comparison of the liposome-based adjuvants CAF01 and CAF09 and the protein-based adjuvants CTA1-DD and CTA1-3M2e-DD and evaluated whether one or more of the adjuvants could induce broadly protective immunity. Mice were immunized with WIV prepared from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus intramuscularly with or without CAF01 or intranasally with or without CAF09, CTA1-DD, or CTA1-3M2e-DD, followed by challenge with homologous, heterologous or heterosubtypic virus. In general, intranasal immunizations were significantly more effective than intramuscular immunizations in inducing virus-specific serum-IgG, mucosal-IgA, and splenic IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells. Intranasal immunizations with adjuvanted vaccines afforded strong cross-protection with milder clinical symptoms and better control of virus load in lungs. Mechanistic studies indicated that non-neutralizing IgG antibodies and CD4 T cells were responsible for the improved cross-protection while IgA antibodies were dispensable. The role of CD4 T cells was particularly pronounced for CTA1-3M2e-DD adjuvanted vaccine as evidenced by CD4 T cell-dependent reduction of lung virus titers and clinical symptoms. Thus, intranasally administered WIV in combination with effective mucosal adjuvants appears to be a promising broadly protective influenza vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshita Bhide
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniëlle Voshart
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tjarko Meijerhof
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephen Norley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Skeldon
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Tomar J, Patil HP, Bracho G, Tonnis WF, Frijlink HW, Petrovsky N, Vanbever R, Huckriede A, Hinrichs WLJ. Advax augments B and T cell responses upon influenza vaccination via the respiratory tract and enables complete protection of mice against lethal influenza virus challenge. J Control Release 2018; 288:199-211. [PMID: 30218687 PMCID: PMC7111335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Administration of influenza vaccines via the respiratory tract has potential benefits over conventional parenteral administration, inducing immunity directly at the site of influenza exposure as well as being needle free. In this study, we investigated the suitability of Advax™, a stable particulate polymorph of inulin, also referred to as delta inulin, as a mucosal adjuvant for whole inactivated influenza vaccine (WIV) administered either as a liquid or dry powder formulation. Spray freeze-drying produced Advax-adjuvanted WIV powder particles in a size range (1-5 μm) suitable for inhalation. The physical and biological characteristics of both WIV and Advax remained unaltered both by admixing WIV with Advax and by spray freeze drying. Upon intranasal or pulmonary immunization, both liquid and dry powder formulations containing Advax induced significantly higher systemic, mucosal and cellular immune responses than non-adjuvanted WIV formulations. Furthermore, pulmonary immunization with Advax-adjuvanted WIV led to robust memory B cell responses along with an increase of lung localization factors i.e. CXCR3, CD69, and CD103. A less pronounced but still positive effect of Advax was seen on memory T cell responses. In contrast to animals immunized with WIV alone, all animals pulmonary immunized with a single dose of Advax-adjuvanted WIV were fully protected with no visible clinical symptoms against a lethal dose of influenza virus. These data confirm that Advax is a potent mucosal adjuvant that boosts vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses both in the lung and systemically with major positive effects on B-cell memory and complete protection against live virus. Hence, respiratory tract immunization, particularly via the lungs, with Advax-adjuvanted WIV formulation as a liquid or dry powder is a promising alternative to parenteral influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harshad P Patil
- Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Bracho
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Wouter F Tonnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Advanced Drug Delivery & Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Passive inhalation of dry powder influenza vaccine formulations completely protects chickens against H5N1 lethal viral challenge. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:85-95. [PMID: 30312742 PMCID: PMC7126314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bird to human transmission of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) poses a significant risk of triggering a flu pandemic in the human population. Therefore, vaccination of susceptible poultry during an HPAIV outbreak might be the best remedy to prevent such transmissions. To this end, suitable formulations and an effective mass vaccination method that can be translated to field settings needs to be developed. Our previous study in chickens has shown that inhalation of a non-adjuvanted dry powder influenza vaccine formulation during normal breathing results in partial protection against lethal influenza challenge. The aim of the present study was to improve the effectiveness of pulmonary vaccination by increasing the vaccine dose deposited in the lungs and by the use of suitable adjuvants. Two adjuvants, namely, Bacterium-like Particles (BLP) and Advax, were spray freeze dried with influenza vaccine into dry powder formulations. Delivery of dry formulations directly at the syrinx revealed that BLP and Advax had the potential to boost either systemic or mucosal immune responses or both. Upon passive inhalation of dry influenza vaccine formulations in an optimized set-up, BLP and Advax/BLP adjuvanted formulations induced significantly higher systemic immune responses than the non-adjuvanted formulation. Remarkably, all vaccinated animals not only survived a lethal influenza challenge, but also did not show any shedding of challenge virus except for two out of six animals in the Advax group. Overall, our results indicate that passive inhalation is feasible, effective and suitable for mass vaccination of chickens if it can be adapted to field settings.
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12
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Bhide Y, Tomar J, Dong W, de Vries-Idema J, Frijlink HW, Huckriede A, Hinrichs WLJ. Pulmonary delivery of influenza vaccine formulations in cotton rats: site of deposition plays a minor role in the protective efficacy against clinical isolate of H1N1pdm virus. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:533-545. [PMID: 29451040 PMCID: PMC6058687 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1435748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of influenza vaccines to the lungs could be an attractive alternative to conventional parenteral administration. In this study, we investigated the deposition site of pulmonary delivered liquid and powder influenza vaccine formulations and its relation to their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. In vivo deposition studies in cotton rats revealed that, the powder formulation was mainly deposited in the trachea ( ∼ 65%) whereas the liquid was homogenously distributed throughout the lungs ( ∼ 96%). In addition, only 60% of the antigen in the powder formulation was deposited in the respiratory tract with respect to the liquid formulation. Immunogenicity studies showed that pulmonary delivered liquid and powder influenza formulations induced robust systemic and mucosal immune responses (significantly higher by liquids than by powders). When challenged with a clinical isolate of homologous H1N1pdm virus, all animals pulmonary administered with placebo had detectable virus in their lungs one day post challenge. In contrast, none of the vaccinated animals had detectable lung virus titers, except for two out of eight animals from the powder immunized group. Also, pulmonary vaccinated animals showed no or little signs of infection like increase in breathing frequency or weight loss upon challenge as compared to animals from the negative control group. In conclusion, immune responses induced by liquid formulation were significantly higher than responses induced by powder formulation, but the overall protective efficacy of both formulations was comparable. Thus, pulmonary immunization is capable of inducing protective immunity and the site of antigen deposition seems to be of minor relevance in inducing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshita Bhide
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jasmine Tomar
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wei Dong
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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13
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Citron MP, Patel M, Purcell M, Lin SA, Rubins DJ, McQuade P, Callahan C, Gleason A, Petrescu I, Knapp W, Orekie C, Chamarthy S, Wen Z, Touch S, Pine M, Fontenot J, Douglas C, Liang X, Espeseth AS. A novel method for strict intranasal delivery of non-replicating RSV vaccines in cotton rats and non-human primates. Vaccine 2018; 36:2876-2885. [PMID: 29599087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children twelve months of age or younger and a significant cause of lower respiratory disease in older adults. As various clinical and preclinical candidates advance, cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and non-human primates (NHP) continue to play a valuable role in RSV vaccine development, since both animals are semi-permissive to human RSV (HRSV). However, appropriate utilization of the models is critical to avoid mis-interpretation of the preclinical findings. Using a multimodality imaging approach; a fluorescence based optical imaging technique for the cotton rat and a nuclear medicine based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging technique for monkeys, we demonstrate that many common practices for intranasal immunization in both species result in inoculum delivery to the lower respiratory tract, which can result in poor translation of outcomes from the preclinical to the clinical setting. Using these technologies we define a method to limit the distribution of intranasally administered vaccines solely to the upper airway of each species, which includes volume restrictions in combination with injectable anesthesia. We show using our newly defined methods for strict intranasal immunization that these methods impact the immune responses and efficacy observed when compared to vaccination methods resulting in distribution to both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. These data emphasize the importance of well-characterized immunization methods in the preclinical assessment of intranasally delivered vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Citron
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Mona Purcell
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Daniel J Rubins
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Paul McQuade
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Cheryl Callahan
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Alexa Gleason
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Ioan Petrescu
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Walter Knapp
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Chinedu Orekie
- Biopharmaceutics & Specialty DF/Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Sai Chamarthy
- Biopharmaceutics & Specialty DF/Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Zhiyun Wen
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Sinoeun Touch
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Matthew Pine
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Jane Fontenot
- The University of Louisiana New Iberia Research Center, New Iberia, LA 70560, United States
| | - Cameron Douglas
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Amy S Espeseth
- Infectious Disease/Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
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14
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Dong W, Bhide Y, Sicca F, Meijerhof T, Guilfoyle K, Engelhardt OG, Boon L, de Haan CAM, Carnell G, Temperton N, de Vries-Idema J, Kelvin D, Huckriede A. Cross-Protective Immune Responses Induced by Sequential Influenza Virus Infection and by Sequential Vaccination With Inactivated Influenza Vaccines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2312. [PMID: 30356772 PMCID: PMC6189474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential infection with antigenically distinct influenza viruses induces cross-protective immune responses against heterologous virus strains in animal models. Here we investigated whether sequential immunization with antigenically distinct influenza vaccines can also provide cross-protection. To this end, we compared immune responses and protective potential against challenge with A(H1N1)pdm09 in mice infected sequentially with seasonal A(H1N1) virus followed by A(H3N2) virus or immunized sequentially with whole inactivated virus (WIV) or subunit (SU) vaccine derived from these viruses. Sequential infection provided solid cross-protection against A(H1N1)pdm09 infection while sequential vaccination with WIV, though not capable of preventing weight loss upon infection completely, protected the mice from reaching the humane endpoint. In contrast, sequential SU vaccination did not prevent rapid and extensive weight loss. Protection correlated with levels of cross-reactive but non-neutralizing antibodies of the IgG2a subclass, general increase of memory T cells and induction of influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Adoptive serum transfer experiments revealed that despite lacking neutralizing activity, serum antibodies induced by sequential infection protected mice from weight loss and vigorous virus growth in the lungs upon A(H1N1)pdm09 virus challenge. Antibodies induced by WIV vaccination alleviated symptoms but could not control virus growth in the lung. Depletion of T cells prior to challenge revealed that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, contributed to cross-protection. These results imply that sequential immunization with WIV but not SU derived from antigenically distinct viruses could alleviate the severity of infection caused by a pandemic and may improve protection to unpredictable seasonal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yoshita Bhide
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Federica Sicca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tjarko Meijerhof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Othmar G. Engelhardt
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - George Carnell
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Anke Huckriede
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15
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Patil HP, Herrera Rodriguez J, de Vries-Idema J, Meijerhof T, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ, Huckriede A. Adjuvantation of Pulmonary-Administered Influenza Vaccine with GPI-0100 Primarily Stimulates Antibody Production and Memory B Cell Proliferation. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5030019. [PMID: 28749414 PMCID: PMC5620550 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are key components in vaccines, they help in reducing the required antigen dose but also modulate the phenotype of the induced immune response. We previously showed that GPI-0100, a saponin-derived adjuvant, enhances antigen-specific mucosal and systemic antibody responses to influenza subunit and whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) vaccine administered via the pulmonary route. However, the impact of the GPI-0100 dose on immune stimulation and the immune mechanisms stimulated by GPI-0100 along with antigen are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study we immunized C57BL/6 mice via the pulmonary route with vaccine consisting of WIV combined with increasing amounts of GPI-0100, formulated as a dry powder. Adjuvantation of WIV enhanced influenza-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses, with intermediate doses of 5 and 7.5 μg GPI-0100 being most effective. The predominant antibody subtype induced by GPI-0100-adjuvanted vaccine was IgG1. Compared to non-adjuvanted vaccine, GPI-0100-adjuvanted WIV vaccine gave rise to higher numbers of antigen-specific IgA- but not IgG-producing B cells in the lungs along with better mucosal and systemic memory B cell responses. The GPI-0100 dose was negatively correlated with the number of influenza-specific IFNγ- and IL17-producing T cells and positively correlated with the number of IL4-producing T cells observed after immunization and challenge. Overall, our results show that adjuvantation of pulmonary-delivered WIV with GPI-0100 mostly affects B cell responses and effectively induces B cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad P Patil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
| | - José Herrera Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tjarko Meijerhof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Lambkin-Williams R, Gelder C, Broughton R, Mallett CP, Gilbert AS, Mann A, He D, Oxford JS, Burt D. An Intranasal Proteosome-Adjuvanted Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Is Safe, Immunogenic & Efficacious in the Human Viral Influenza Challenge Model. Serum IgG & Mucosal IgA Are Important Correlates of Protection against Illness Associated with Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163089. [PMID: 28005959 PMCID: PMC5179046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A Proteosome-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (P-TIV) administered intra-nasally was shown to be safe, well tolerated and immunogenic in both systemic and mucosal compartments, and effective at preventing illness associated with evidence of influenza infection. METHODS In two separate studies using the human viral challenge model, subjects were selected to be immunologically naive to A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2) virus and then dosed via nasal spray with one of three regimens of P-TIV or placebo. One or two doses, 15 μg or 30 μg, were given either once only or twice 14 days apart (1 x 30 μg, 2 x 30 μg, 2 x 15 μg) and subjects were challenged with A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2) virus. Immune responses to the vaccine antigens were measured by haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) and nasal wash secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies. RESULTS Vaccine reactogenicity was mild, predictable and generally consistent with earlier Phase I studies with this vaccine. Seroconversion to A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2), following vaccination but prior to challenge, occurred in 57% to 77% of subjects in active dosing groups and 2% of placebo subjects. The greatest relative rise in sIgA, following vaccination but prior to challenge, was observed in groups that received 2 doses. CONCLUSION Intranasal vaccination significantly protected against influenza (as defined by influenza symptoms combined with A/Panama seroconversion) following challenge with A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2). When data were pooled from both studies, efficacy ranged from 58% to 82% in active dosing groups for any influenza symptoms with seroconversion, 67% to 85% for systemic or lower respiratory illness and seroconversion, and 65% to 100% for febrile illness and seroconversion. The two dose regimen was found to be superior to the single dose regimen. In this study, protection against illness associated with evidence of influenza infection (evidence determined by seroconversion) following challenge with virus, significantly correlated with pre-challenge HAI titres (p = 0.0003) and mucosal sIgA (p≤0.0001) individually, and HAI (p = 0.028) and sIgA (p = 0.0014) together. HAI and sIgA levels were inversely related to rates of illness. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02522754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Lambkin-Williams
- hVIVO Group PLC., Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Gelder
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS
- Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Broughton
- ID Biomedical Corporation of Québec, 7150 Frederick Banting, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada
| | - Corey P Mallett
- ID Biomedical Corporation of Québec, 7150 Frederick Banting, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada
| | - Anthony S Gilbert
- hVIVO Group PLC., Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Mann
- hVIVO Group PLC., Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - David He
- Analytical Solutions Group, Inc., 14730 Soft Wind Drive, North Potomac, MD, United States of America
| | - John S Oxford
- Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Burt
- ID Biomedical Corporation of Québec, 7150 Frederick Banting, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada
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Liu H, Frijlink HW, Huckriede A, van Doorn E, Schmidt E, Leroy O, Rimmelzwaan G, McCullough K, Whelan M, Hak E. Influenza Vaccine Research funded by the European Commission FP7-Health-2013-Innovation-1 project. Vaccine 2016; 34:5845-5854. [PMID: 27793486 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to influenza viruses continuously displaying antigenic variation, current seasonal influenza vaccines must be updated annually to include the latest predicted strains. Despite all the efforts put into vaccine strain selection, vaccine production, testing, and administration, the protective efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines is greatly reduced when predicted vaccine strains antigenically mismatch with the actual circulating strains. Moreover, preparing for a pandemic outbreak is a challenge, because it is unpredictable which strain will cause the next pandemic. The European Commission has funded five consortia on influenza vaccine development under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) in 2013. The call of the EU aimed at developing broadly protective influenza vaccines. Here we review the scientific strategies used by the different consortia with respect to antigen selection, vaccine delivery system, and formulation. The issues related to the development of novel influenza vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Doorn
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Odile Leroy
- European Vaccine Initiative (EEIG), Im Neuerheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guus Rimmelzwaan
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Keneth McCullough
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Mike Whelan
- iQur Limited, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, NW1-0NH London, United Kingdom
| | - Eelko Hak
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Tomar J, Born PA, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Dry influenza vaccines: towards a stable, effective and convenient alternative to conventional parenteral influenza vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1431-1447. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1182869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Comparison of adjuvants for a spray freeze-dried whole inactivated virus influenza vaccine for pulmonary administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:231-41. [PMID: 25896446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stable vaccines administered to the lungs by inhalation could circumvent many of the problems associated with current immunizations against respiratory infections. We earlier provided proof of concept in mice that pulmonary delivered whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine formulated as a stable dry powder effectively elicits influenza-specific antibodies in lung and serum. Yet, mucosal IgA, considered particularly important for protection at the site of virus entry, was poorly induced. Here we investigate the suitability of various Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and the saponin-derived compound GPI-0100 to serve as adjuvant for influenza vaccine administered to the lungs as dry powder. The TLR ligands palmitoyl-3-cysteine-serine-lysine-4 (Pam3CSK4), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) as well as GPI-0100 tolerated the process of spray freeze-drying well. While Pam3CSK4 had no effect on systemic antibody titers, all the other adjuvants significantly increased influenza-specific serum and lung IgG titers. Yet, only GPI-0100 also enhanced mucosal IgA titers. Moreover, only GPI-0100-adjuvanted WIV provided partial protection against heterologous virus challenge. Pulmonary immunization with GPI-0100-adjuvanted vaccine did not induce an overt inflammatory response since influx of neutrophils and production of inflammatory cytokines were moderate and transient and lung histology was normal. Our results indicate that a GPI-0100-adjuvanted dry powder influenza vaccine is a safe and effective alternative to current parenteral vaccines.
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20
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Zhang N, Zheng BJ, Lu L, Zhou Y, Jiang S, Du L. Advancements in the development of subunit influenza vaccines. Microbes Infect 2014; 17:123-34. [PMID: 25529753 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing threat of influenza epidemics and pandemics has emphasized the importance of developing safe and effective vaccines against infections from divergent influenza viruses. In this review, we first introduce the structure and life cycle of influenza A viruses, describing major influenza A virus-caused pandemics. We then compare different types of influenza vaccines and discuss current advancements in the development of subunit influenza vaccines, particularly those based on nucleoprotein (NP), extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) and hemagglutinin (HA) proteins. We also illustrate potential strategies for improving the efficacy of subunit influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naru Zhang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo-Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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GASPARINI R, AMICIZIA D, LAI P, BRAGAZZI N, PANATTO D. Compounds with anti-influenza activity: present and future of strategies for the optimal treatment and management of influenza. Part II: Future compounds against influenza virus. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2014; 55:109-29. [PMID: 26137785 PMCID: PMC4718316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this overview, we described the life cycle of the influenza virus and the pharmacological action of the currently available drugs. This second part provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and targets of still-experimental drugs for the treatment and management of influenza. Briefly, we can distinguish between compounds with anti-influenza activity that target influenza virus proteins or genes, and molecules that target host components that are essential for viral replication and propagation. These latter compounds have been developed quite recently. Among the first group, we will focus especially on hemagglutinin, M2 channel and neuraminidase inhibitors. The second group of compounds may pave the way for personalized treatment and influenza management. Combination therapies are also discussed. In recent decades, few antiviral molecules against influenza virus infections have been available; this has conditioned their use during human and animal outbreaks. Indeed, during seasonal and pandemic outbreaks, antiviral drugs have usually been administered in mono-therapy and, sometimes, in an uncontrolled manner to farm animals. This has led to the emergence of viral strains displaying resistance, especially to compounds of the amantadane family. For this reason, it is particularly important to develop new antiviral drugs against influenza viruses. Indeed, although vaccination is the most powerful means of mitigating the effects of influenza epidemics, antiviral drugs can be very useful, particularly in delaying the spread of new pandemic viruses, thereby enabling manufacturers to prepare large quantities of pandemic vaccine. In addition, antiviral drugs are particularly valuable in complicated cases of influenza, especially in hospitalized patients. To write this overview, we mined various databases, including Embase, PubChem, DrugBank and Chemical Abstracts Service, and patent repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. GASPARINI
- Correspondence: R. Gasparini, Department of Health Sciences of Genoa University, via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy - E-mail:
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Sawaengsak C, Mori Y, Yamanishi K, Mitrevej A, Sinchaipanid N. Chitosan nanoparticle encapsulated hemagglutinin-split influenza virus mucosal vaccine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:317-25. [PMID: 24343789 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit/split influenza vaccines are less reactogenic compared with the whole virus vaccines. However, their immunogenicity is relatively low and thus required proper adjuvant and/or delivery vehicle for immunogenicity enhancement. Influenza vaccines administered intramuscularly induce minimum, if any, mucosal immunity at the respiratory mucosa which is the prime site of the infection. In this study, chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were prepared by ionic cross-linking of the CS with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) at the CS/TPP ratio of 1:0.6 using 2 h mixing time. The CS/TPP nanoparticles were used as delivery vehicle of an intranasal influenza vaccine made of hemagglutinin (HA)-split influenza virus product. Innocuousness, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the CS/TPP-HA vaccine were tested in influenza mouse model in comparison with the antigen alone vaccine. The CS/TPP-HA nanoparticles had required characteristics including nano-sizes, positive charges, and high antigen encapsulation efficiency. Mice that received two doses of the CS/TPP-HA vaccine intranasally showed no adverse symptoms indicating the vaccine innocuousness. The animals developed higher systemic and mucosal antibody responses than vaccine made of the HA-split influenza virus alone. The CS/TPP-HA vaccine could induce also a cell-mediated immune response shown as high numbers of IFN-γ-secreting cells in spleens while the HA vaccine alone could not. Besides, the CS nanoparticle encapsulated HA-split vaccine reduced markedly the influenza morbidity and also conferred 100% protective rate to the vaccinated mice against lethal influenza virus challenge. Overall results indicated that the CS nanoparticles invented in this study is an effective and safe delivery vehicle/adjuvant for the influenza vaccine.
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Liu H, de Vries-Idema J, Ter Veer W, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Influenza virosomes supplemented with GPI-0100 adjuvant: a potent vaccine formulation for antigen dose sparing. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 203:47-55. [PMID: 24062182 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants can stimulate vaccine-induced immune responses and can contribute decisively to antigen dose sparing when vaccine antigen production is limited, as for example during a pandemic influenza outbreak. We earlier showed that GPI-0100, a semi-synthetic saponin derivative with amphiphilic structure, significantly stimulates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of influenza subunit vaccine administered via a systemic route. Here, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of GPI-0100 on a virosomal influenza vaccine formulation. In contrast to influenza subunit vaccine adjuvanted with GPI-0100, virosomal vaccine supplemented with the same dose of GPI-0100 provided full protection of mice against infection at the extremely low antigen dose of 2 × 8 ng hemagglutinin. Overall, adjuvanted virosomes elicited higher antibody and T-cell responses than did adjuvanted subunit vaccine. The enhanced immunogenicity of the GPI-0100-adjuvanted virosomes, particularly at low antigen doses, is possibly due to a physical association of the amphiphilic adjuvant with the virosomal membrane. These results show that a combination of GPI-0100 and a virosomal influenza vaccine formulation is highly immunogenic and allows the use of very low antigen doses without compromising the protective potential of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O.Box 30.001, EB 88, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands,
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Liu H, Patil HP, de Vries-Idema J, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Evaluation of mucosal and systemic immune responses elicited by GPI-0100- adjuvanted influenza vaccine delivered by different immunization strategies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69649. [PMID: 23936066 PMCID: PMC3729563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines for protection against respiratory infections should optimally induce a mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract in addition to a systemic immune response. However, current parenteral immunization modalities generally fail to induce mucosal immunity, while mucosal vaccine delivery often results in poor systemic immunity. In order to find an immunization strategy which satisfies the need for induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, we compared local and systemic immune responses elicited by two mucosal immunizations, given either by the intranasal (IN) or the intrapulmonary (IPL) route, with responses elicited by a mucosal prime followed by a systemic boost immunization. The study was conducted in BALB/c mice and the vaccine formulation was an influenza subunit vaccine supplemented with GPI-0100, a saponin-derived adjuvant. While optimal mucosal antibody titers were obtained after two intrapulmonary vaccinations, optimal systemic antibody responses were achieved by intranasal prime followed by intramuscular boost. The latter strategy also resulted in the best T cell response, yet, it was ineffective in inducing nose or lung IgA. Successful induction of secretory IgA, IgG and T cell responses was only achieved with prime-boost strategies involving intrapulmonary immunization and was optimal when both immunizations were given via the intrapulmonary route. Our results underline that immunization via the lungs is particularly effective for priming as well as boosting of local and systemic immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cell Line
- Drug Administration Routes
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Immunity/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Immunization/methods
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Saponins/administration & dosage
- Saponins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harshad P. Patil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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