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Variation in defensive traits against herbivores of native and invasive populations of Carpobrotus edulis. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mugnai M, Benesperi R, Viciani D, Ferretti G, Giunti M, Giannini F, Lazzaro L. Impacts of the Invasive Alien Carpobrotus spp. on Coastal Habitats on a Mediterranean Island (Giglio Island, Central Italy). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202802. [PMID: 36297826 PMCID: PMC9609148 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carpobrotus acinaciformis and C. edulis are well-known invasive alien plants native to South Africa, whose detrimental effects on native communities are widely documented in the Mediterranean basin and thus largely managed in coastal ecosystems. Most of the literature on these species focuses on their impacts on habitats of sandy coastal dunes, while the effects of Carpobrotus spp. invasion on other habitats such as rocky cliffs and coastal scrubs and garrigues are almost neglected. We present a study case conducted on a small Mediterranean island where Carpobrotus spp. invaded three different natural habitats listed within the Habitat Directive 92/43/CEE (Natura 2000 codes 1240, 1430, and 5320). We surveyed the presence and abundance of native species and Carpobrotus spp. on 44 permanent square plots of 4 m2 in invaded and uninvaded areas in each of the three habitats. We found impacts on plant alpha diversity (intended as the species diversity within each sampled plot) in all the habitats investigated in terms of a decrease in species richness, Shannon index, and abundance. Invaded communities also showed a severe change in species composition with a strong homogenization of the floras of the three habitats. Finally, the negative effect of invasion emerged even through the analyses of beta diversity (expressing the species diversity among sampled plots of the same habitat type), with Carpobrotus spp. replacing a large set of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mugnai
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Viciani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferretti
- University Museum System, Botanical Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, University of Florence, Via Micheli 3, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Michele Giunti
- Nature and Environment Management Operators s.r.l., Piazza M. D’Azeglio 11, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Quan W, Wang A, Li C, Xie L. Allelopathic potential and allelochemical composition in different soil layers of Rhododendron delavayi forest, southwest China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.963116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests habituated by Rhododendron delavayi often lack understory vegetation, which could possibly be a consequence of allelopathy. It is a phenomenon by virtue of which certain plant species produce allelochemicals that affect the growth and behavior of surrounding plants. To elucidate the allelopathic potential and allelochemicals present in the different layers of a R. delavayi forest, extracts obtained from three layers of the forest were used for seed germination bioassays and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Aqueous extracts of the litter and humus layers significantly inhibited the seed germination of R. delavayi, Festuca arundinacea, and Lolium perenne, with the litter layer causing the strongest inhibitory effect. A total of 26 allelochemicals were identified in the litter, humus, and soil layers by GC–MS analysis. The primary allelochemicals in the soil and humus layer were organic acids, while the main allelochemicals in the litter layer were phenolic acids. The redundancy analysis revealed the significance of total nitrogen (TN) and relative water content (RWC) in explaining the distribution of the allelochemicals. The results indicated that the litter layer exerted the maximum allelopathic effect due to presence of maximum amount of allelochemical especially the phenolic acids.
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Caravaca F, Torres P, Díaz G, Roldán A. Elevated functional versatility of the soil microbial community associated with the invader Carpobrotus edulis across a broad geographical scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152627. [PMID: 34963581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exotic invasive plants may shape their own rhizosphere microbial community during global invasions. Nevertheless, the impacts of such plant invasions on the functional capacities of soil microbial communities remain poorly explored. We used an approach at a broad geographical scale to estimate the composition and abundance of the fungal functional groups, as well as the bacterial metabolic functions, associated with the rhizospheres of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L. Bolus and the predominant native plants in coastal ecosystems located in different geographical regions. We used the ASV method to infer the potential functions of the soil microbial community with the PICRUSt2 and FUNGuild tools. The predictive functional profiling of the bacterial communities differed between the rhizospheres of the invasive and native plants, regardless of the biogeographic location of the invaded soil. Some predicted pathways related to the biosynthesis of nucleotides such as ppGpp and pppGpp, lipids, carbohydrates and secondary metabolites and the degradation of organic matter were enriched in the C. edulis rhizosphere. Moreover, the invasive microbiota was characterised by a greater richness and diversity of catabolic enzymes involved in nutrients cycling and higher relative abundances of saprotrophs and pathotrophs. Invasion by C. edulis promoted a shift in the potential functional versatility of the soil microbial communities, which can cope with nutrient limitations and biotic stress, and can favour the establishment of the invasive plant, but also alter the functioning and stability of the invaded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caravaca
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - P Torres
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Department of Applied Biology, Avda. Ferrocarril, s/n, Edf. Laboratorios, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - G Díaz
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Department of Applied Biology, Avda. Ferrocarril, s/n, Edf. Laboratorios, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Roldán
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Núñez-González N, Rodríguez J, González L. Managing the invasive plant Carpobrotus edulis: is mechanical control or specialized natural enemy more effective? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113554. [PMID: 34426220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carpobrotus edulis is an invasive clonal plant with drastic effects on biodiversity and functioning of coastal ecosystems. In recent years, authorities and land managers have implemented diverse management strategies that usually focus on mechanical removal and chemical control. However, applying mechanical control to remove C. edulis may cause indirect adverse effects since it could increase the probability of spreading new propagules, which do not lose their physiological activity. Therefore, reducing the physiological activity of these plant fragments should be a priority to avoid their spread and re-rooting. Our goal was to assess the plant regeneration capacity after applying mechanical control (i) when placing the plant material on different types of ground surface (on sand, on stones and using rooted plants as control) and (ii) combined with the attack of specialized herbivores (the soft scale Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi). To achieve this, we evaluated how these two factors (ground surface and herbivory) affected the plant physiological activity, its survival and re-rooting, biometric measurements, shoot and root nutrient composition and biochemical parameters (total phenols and tannins). Regardless of the ground surface type, our results indicated that the specialist herbivore greatly affected the C. edulis parameters studied. The attack of P. mesembryanthemi stimulated the plant defence mechanisms, even in those individuals with less photosynthetic activity. Furthermore, P. mesembryanthemi severely reduced the biomass and volume of plant material. Decomposition of C. edulis was accelerated by the combination between the inoculation of P. mesembryanthemi and placing the plants on the stones ground surface. Overall, preventing plant re-rooting by avoiding connection to the soil is an effective method of reducing its viability after the eighth-tenth month. After applying mechanical control, we recommend placing C. edulis fragments over an inert ground surface to avoid re-rooting, which would favour its death. We conclude that the combination of mechanical control and P. mesembryanthemi or even direct inoculation with this specialist herbivore could help authorities and land managers to improve management strategies for C. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Núñez-González
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jonatan Rodríguez
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Luís González
- Plant Ecophysiology Group, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Bazzicalupo M, Cornara L, Burlando B, Cascini A, Denaro M, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D. Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. extract as a skin preserving agent: From traditional medicine to scientific validation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:526-536. [PMID: 34538643 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. is a succulent perennial plant native to South Africa and grows invasively in the Mediterranean basin. It is commonly used for the treatment of various diseases, including skin wound healing and regeneration, for which experimental validation is lacking. We therefore evaluated the skin healing properties by testing a C. edulis aqueous leaf extract (CAE) on cell cultures and in enzymatic assays. METHODS Micro-morphological analysis of leaves was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Phytochemical features and antioxidant activity of CAE were evaluated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS), and in vitro cell-free assays. Biological activities were evaluated using keratinocytes and fibroblasts, as well as elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. RESULTS CAE showed high carbohydrates (28.59% ± 0.68%), total phenols ([101.9 ± 6.0] g gallic acid equivalents/kg dry extract [DE]), and flavonoids ([545.9 ± 26.0] g rutin equivalents/kg DE). RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS revealed the predominant presence of hydroxycinnamic acids (51.96%), followed by tannins (14.82%) and flavonols (11.32%). The extract was not cytotoxic, had a strong and dose-dependent antioxidant activity, and inhibited collagenase (> 90% at 500 µg/mL) and hyaluronidase (100% at 1000 µg/mL). In cell culture experiments, CAE increased wound closure and collagen production, which was consistent with its high polyphenol content. CONCLUSION Our data support the use of the C. edulis for skin care and the treatment of skin problems. Moreover, use of C. edulis for skin care purposes could be an eco-friendly solution to reduce its invasiveness in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bazzicalupo
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy.
| | - Alberta Cascini
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DiSTAV), University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
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Lorenzo P, González L, Ferrero V. Effect of plant origin and phenological stage on the allelopathic activity of the invasive species Oxalis pes-caprae. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:971-979. [PMID: 34121189 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Invasion processes involve several mechanisms, some of which have received little attention. Allelopathy has been invoked as an invasion driver according to the novel weapon hypothesis (NWH), and polyploidization can also be an important factor for invasion success. However, very few studies have addressed both topics together. We analyzed the allelopathic effect of the polyploid Oxalis pes-caprae, an invader in mediterranean-climate areas worldwide, from different origins and ploidy levels (native: South Africa; invaded: Chile, Australia, California, and the Mediterranean Basin) on Lactuca sativa as a model species. METHODS We measured seed germination, initial plant height, and aboveground and belowground biomass of Lactuca grown in field soil mixed with Oxalis material and with or without activated carbon in a common garden experiment. We performed the experiment twice, when Oxalis was vigorous and when senescent. RESULTS Vigorous plants of Oxalis tended to reduce Lactuca germination, but both vigorous and senescent Oxalis plants increased Lactuca biomass, probably due to an increase in nutrients provided by plant material. The highest increase in Lactuca traits occurred with Oxalis plants from the Iberian Peninsula. Allelopathy only happened when Oxalis was senescent and was especially strong with plants from Chile. CONCLUSIONS Although we did not find broad evidence for the NWH considering all areas together, we reported differences in the allelopathic potential of Oxalis plants depending on their origin. These results highlight the independent evolution of invasiveness traits in distant introduced ranges and the importance of the invaders' origin when testing hypotheses about invasion drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lorenzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE)-Science for People & the Planet, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís González
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, Campus da Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Victoria Ferrero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE)-Science for People & the Planet, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
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Braschi J, Torres A, Fadda S, Buisson E, Ponel P. Beetle assemblage dynamics after invasive ice plant (
Carpobrotus
) removal on a small Mediterranean island. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Braschi
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Aix‐Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD Marseille France
- Naturalia Environnement, Agence d'Avignon – Site Agroparc 20, rue Lawrence Durrell, BP 31 285 Avignon cedex 9 F‐84911 France
| | - Aurélie Torres
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Aix‐Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD Marseille France
| | - Sylvain Fadda
- Naturalia Environnement, Agence d'Avignon – Site Agroparc 20, rue Lawrence Durrell, BP 31 285 Avignon cedex 9 F‐84911 France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Aix‐Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD Marseille France
| | - Philippe Ponel
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Aix‐Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD Marseille France
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Demographic analysis of an Israeli Carpobrotus population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250879. [PMID: 33930061 PMCID: PMC8087044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpobrotus species are harmful invaders to coastal areas throughout the world, particularly in Mediterranean habitats. Demographic models are ideally suited to identify and understand population processes and stages in the life cycle of the species that could be most effectively targeted with management. However, parameterizing these models has been limited by the difficulty in accessing the cliff-side locations where its populations are typically found, as well as accurately measuring the growth and spread of individuals, which form large, dense mats. This study uses small unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to collect demographic data and parameterize an Integral Projection Model of an Israeli Carpobrotus population. We validated our data set with ground targets of known size. Through the analysis of asymptotic growth rates and population sensitivities and elasticities, we demonstrate that the population at the study site is demographically stable, and that reducing the survival and growth of the largest individuals would have the greatest effect on reducing overall population growth rate. Our results provide a first evaluation of the demography of Carpobrotus, a species of conservation and economic concern, and provide the first structured population model of a representative of the Aizoaceae family, thus contributing to our global knowledge on plant population dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate the advantages of using drones for collecting demographic data in understudied habitats such as coastal ecosystems.
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Phenotypic plasticity of invasive Carpobrotus edulis modulates tolerance against herbivores. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Rodríguez J, Cordero-Rivera A, González L. Impacts of the invasive plant Carpobrotus edulis on herbivore communities on the Iberian Peninsula. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Novoa A, Keet JH, Lechuga-Lago Y, Pyšek P, Roux JJL. Urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion alter the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in coastal areas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5848193. [PMID: 32463431 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal dunes are ecosystems of high conservation value that are strongly impacted by human disturbances and biological invasions in many parts of the world. Here, we assessed how urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion affect soil bacterial communities on the north-western coast of Spain, by comparing the diversity, structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in invaded and uninvaded soils from urban and natural coastal dune areas. Our results suggest that coastal dune bacterial communities contain large numbers of rare taxa, mainly belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. We found that the presence of the invasive C. edulis increased the diversity of soil bacteria and changed community composition, while urbanization only influenced bacterial community composition. Furthermore, the effects of invasion on community composition were conditional on urbanization. These results were contrary to predictions, as both C. edulis invasion and urbanization have been shown to affect soil abiotic conditions of the studied coastal dunes in a similar manner, and therefore were expected to have similar effects on soil bacterial communities. Our results suggest that other factors (e.g. pollution) might be influencing the impact of urbanization on soil bacterial communities, preventing an increase in the diversity of soil bacteria in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Novoa
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Invasive Species Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, 7735 Claremont, South Africa
| | - Jan-Hendrik Keet
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Yaiza Lechuga-Lago
- Laboratorio de investigación n21, Ecofisioloxía, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Broomhead NK, Moodley R, Jonnalagadda SB. Chemical and elemental analysis of the edible fruit of five Carpobrotus species from South Africa: assessment of nutritional value and potential metal toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:357-371. [PMID: 30907626 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1595539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Edible wild fruits of five Carpobrotus species (C. acinaciformis, C. deliciosus, C. dimidiatus, C. edulis subspecies edulis and C. mellei) were assessed for their nutritional value by determining the proximate chemical composition. Fruits were high in moisture (77.6% to 90.3%), carbohydrates (58.8% to 70.3%) and energy (1240 to 1370 kJ 100 g-1), with adequate amounts of protein (8.1% to 26.0%) and low in lipids (0.9% to 2.4%). Elemental concentrations were in decreasing order of Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn ~ Cu > Cr > Se ~ Ni ~ Co. Most fruits were rich in Cr (contributing between 30% and 143% towards its RDA) and C. delicious and C. mellei being rich in Mn, contributing 49 to 156% towards its RDA. Except for C. dimidiatus, toxicity studies revealed all species to contain low levels of toxic metals (As, Cd and Pb) making them suitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Keith Broomhead
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban, South Africa
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Rodríguez J, Novoa A, Cordero-Rivera A, Richardson DM, González L. Biogeographical comparison of terrestrial invertebrates and trophic feeding guilds in the native and invasive ranges of Carpobrotus edulis. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.56.49087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasions impact on biodiversity by altering the composition of native communities by disrupting taxonomic and functional diversity. Non-native plants are often released from their natural enemies, which might result in a reduction of the attack of primary consumers. However, they can also be exposed to the attack of new herbivores that they might not be able to tolerate. Hence, invertebrate communities can be influenced by invasive non-native plants, which in turn modify interactions and change environmental conditions. In this study, we examined the compositional and trophic diversity of invertebrate species, comparing ecosystems with and without the plant species Carpobrotus edulis in coastal areas in its native (South Africa) and introduced (Iberian Peninsula) ranges. Results show that C. edulis has a clear impact on invertebrate communities in its non-native range, reducing their abundance in invaded areas, and particularly affecting certain trophic groups. Invasive C. edulis also alters the invertebrate diversity by not only reducing abundance but also by altering species composition. Overall, the physical dominance of C. edulis modifies the co-occurrence of invertebrate assemblages, reducing the number of trophic groups and leading to substantial effects on primary consumers. Results suggest that the lack of natural enemies might be an important driver of the expansion of C. edulis in its introduced range. Further work is needed to examine long-term changes caused by non-native plants on invertebrate assemblages and the subsequent modification of biological interactions.
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Souza-Alonso P, Lechuga-Lago Y, Guisande-Collazo A, Pereiro Rodríguez D, Rosón Porto G, González Rodríguez L. Drifting away. Seawater survival and stochastic transport of the invasive Carpobrotus edulis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135518. [PMID: 31806303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas are vulnerable and fluctuating habitats that include highly valuable spaces for habitat and species conservation and, at the same time, they are among the most invaded ecosystems worldwide. Occupying large areas within Mediterranean-climate coastlines, the "ecosystem engineer" Carpobrotus edulis appears as a menace for coastal biodiversity and ecosystem services. By combining the observation, current distribution, glasshouse experiment, and dispersion modeling, we aim to achieve a better understanding of the successful invasion process and potential dispersion patterns of C. edulis. We analyzed the response of plant propagules (seeds and plant fragments) to seawater immersion during increasing periods of time (up to 144 h). After 2 months of growth, plant fragments showed a total survival rate (100%) indicating high tolerance to salinity. During this time, fragment length was increased (up to 60%) and root length was higher than control in all cases. Also, immersed fragments consistently accumulated more biomass than control fragments. After two months of growth, photosynthetic parameters (Fv'/Fm', ΦNO, and ΦII) remained stable compared to control fragments. Physiologically, osmolyte and pigment content did not evidence significant changes regardless of immersion time. Based on the capacity of propagules to survive seawater immersion, we modeled the potential transport of C. edulis by combining an oceanic model (ROMS-AGRIF) with a particle-tracking model. Results indicated that propagules may travel variable distances maintaining physiological viability. Our model suggested that short-scale circulation would be the dominant process, however, long-scale circulation of propagules may be successfully accomplished in <6 days. Furthermore, under optimal conditions (southerly winds dominance), propagules may even travel large distances (250 km alongshore). Modeling transport processes, in combination with the dynamics of introduction and expansion, will contribute to a better understanding of the invasive mechanisms of C. edulis and, consequently, to design preventive strategies to reduce the impact of plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Souza-Alonso
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Lechuga-Lago
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guisande-Collazo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Diego Pereiro Rodríguez
- Physical Oceanography Group (GOFUVI), Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rosón Porto
- Physical Oceanography Group (GOFUVI), Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Luís González Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
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Zunzunegui M, Ruiz-Valdepeñas E, Sert MA, Díaz-Barradas MC, Gallego-Fernández JB. Field comparison of ecophysiological traits between an invader and a native species in a Mediterranean coastal dune. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:278-286. [PMID: 31783203 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical efficiency, gas exchange, leaf water potential, pigment content and free proline content of Oenothera drummondii subsp. drummondii Hook (an invasive non-native species) and Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & Y.P. Guo, (an ecologically similar native species) were explored to understand the success of invasive non-native species in Mediterranean coastal dunes of southwest Spain. We have conducted a field study during a complete annual cycle, comparing both species. Fifteen pairs of neighbouring plants of the two study species of similar size were selected and measured seasonally. The results show that in spring and summer, assimilation rates of O. drummondii were significantly higher than those of the native, A. maritime, even though the native species had higher photochemical efficiency. Additionally, the non-native species presented better water content regulation than the native one, surely related to better water use efficiency and maybe linked to greater root development. The differences in leaf dry matter content values for both species might indicate a different strategy of resource use; with A. maritima displaying a more conservative strategy and O. drummondii presenting a rapid resources acquisition and use strategy as predictors of rapid growth and soil fertility. We conclude that O. drummondii utilizes light, water and probably nutrients more efficiently than the native A. maritima and suffers lower stress in Mediterranean coastal dunes where water availability is reduced (44 mm from May to October in the study area) and light radiation levels are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Zunzunegui
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elena Ruiz-Valdepeñas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria A Sert
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Biología, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Mari Cruz Díaz-Barradas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan B Gallego-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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17
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No evidence for novel weapons: biochemical recognition modulates early ontogenetic processes in native species and invasive acacias. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Effects of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the scale insect Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi on the ice plant Carpobrotus edulis from native and non-native areas: evaluation of the biocontrol potential. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Herbivore accumulation on invasive alien plants increases the distribution range of generalist herbivorous insects and supports proliferation of non-native insect pests. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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De Vitis M, Mattioni C, Mattana E, Pritchard HW, Seal CE, Ulian T, Cherubini M, Magrini S. Integration of genetic and seed fitness data to the conservation of isolated subpopulations of the Mediterranean plant Malcolmia littorea. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20 Suppl 1:203-213. [PMID: 28950440 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant autoecology and population genetics provide a perspective on the likelihood of natural regeneration, which is critical when designing conservation strategies for endangered species. The threatened coastal plant Malcolmia littorea (Brassicaceae) was sampled across its European distribution and studied for genetic diversity and seed fitness, with the aim of providing information for the conservation of isolated and declining populations. Nine microsatellite markers (five chloroplast and four nuclear) were analysed to assess population genetic diversity and structure and to conduct a spatial analysis using the software DIVA-GIS. Germination percentages and rates were assessed by incubating the seeds under eight constant temperatures (0-27 °C). The genetic diversity was found to be similar among subpopulations (chloroplast H = 0.04-0.17; nuclear Ho = 0.20-0.37), with no correlation between subpopulation diversity and the area of occupancy (AOO). The subpopulations were found to be clustered in three genetic groups, and three of them were identified as conservation priorities due to their unique genetic composition. The germination study revealed a significant influence of the maternal environment and AOO on seed germination, with the smaller subpopulations showing lower germination percentages (P < 0.05). These results highlight the importance of obtaining information on isolated subpopulations through different experimental approaches (e.g. seed germination plus population genetics) to enable planning of effective conservation actions. For M. littorea, seed collection for both in situ and ex situ conservation should take into account the local adaptation of the subpopulation and the genetic structure of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Vitis
- Tuscia Germplasm Bank, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - C Mattioni
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - E Mattana
- Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, UK
| | - H W Pritchard
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, UK
| | - C E Seal
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, UK
| | - T Ulian
- Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, UK
| | - M Cherubini
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - S Magrini
- Tuscia Germplasm Bank, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
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21
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Understanding the influence of urbanization on invasibility: Carpobrotus edulis as an exemplar. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chenot J, Affre L, Gros R, Dubois L, Malecki S, Passetti A, Aboucaya A, Buisson E. Eradication of invasive Carpobrotus
sp.: effects on soil and vegetation. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chenot
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Laurence Affre
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Raphael Gros
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Laura Dubois
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Sarah Malecki
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Aurélie Passetti
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
| | - Annie Aboucaya
- Parc National de Port Cros, Allée du Castel Ste-Claire, BP 70220; 83406 Hyères Cedex France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie; France
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Don’t leave me behind: viability of vegetative propagules of the clonal invasive Carpobrotus edulis and implications for plant management. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Abiotic barriers limit tree invasion but do not hamper native shrub recruitment in invaded stands. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Lechuga-Lago Y, Sixto-Ruiz M, Roiloa SR, González L. Clonal integration facilitates the colonization of drought environments by plant invaders. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw023. [PMID: 27154623 PMCID: PMC4925925 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasion represents one of the main threats for biodiversity conservation at the global scale. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the process of biological invasions is a crucial objective in the prediction of scenarios of future invasions and the mitigation of their impacts. In this sense, some plant attributes might better explain the success of invasive plant species than others. Recently, clonal growth has been identified as an attribute that could contribute to the invasiveness of plants. In this experiment, we aim to determine the effect of physiological integration (one of the most striking attributes associated with clonal growth) in the performance (at morphological and physiological levels) of the aggressive invader Carpobrotus edulis, when occupying stressful environments. To achieve this objective we performed a greenhouse experiment in which apical ramets of C. edulis were water-stressed and the connection with the basal ramets was either left intact (physiological integration is allowed) or severed (physiological integration is impeded). Our results show that clonal integration allowed apical ramets to buffer drought stress in terms of photochemical activity, and as a consequence, to increase their growth in comparison with severed apical ramets. Interestingly, this increase in biomass was mainly due to the production of aboveground structures, increasing the spread along the soil surface, and consequently having important implications for the colonization success of new environments by this aggressive invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Lechuga-Lago
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Marta Sixto-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Sergio R Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Luís González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
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26
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Impacts of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. on the germination, establishment and survival of native plants: a clue for assessing its competitive strength. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107557. [PMID: 25210924 PMCID: PMC4161477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Does Carpobrotus edulis have an impact on native plants? How do C. edulis' soil residual effects affect the maintenance of native populations? What is the extent of interspecific competition in its invasion process? In order to answer those questions, we established pure and mixed cultures of native species and C. edulis on soil collected from invaded and native areas of Mediterranean coastal dunes in the Iberian Peninsula. We examined the impact of the invader on the germination, growth and survival of seeds and adult plants of two native plant species (Malcolmia littorea (L.) R.Br, and Scabiosa atropurpurea L.) growing with ramets or seeds of C. edulis. Residual effects of C. edulis on soils affected the germination process and early growth of native plants in different ways, depending on plant species and density. Interspecific competition significantly reduced the germination and early growth of native plants but this result was soil, density, timing and plant species dependent. Also, at any density of adult individuals of C. edulis, established native adult plants were not competitive. Moreover, ramets of C. edulis had a lethal effect on native plants, which died in a short period of time. Even the presence of C. edulis seedlings prevents the recruitment of native species. In conclusion, C. edulis have strong negative impacts on the germination, growth and survival of the native species M. littorea and S. atropurpurea. These impacts were highly depended on the development stages of native and invasive plants. Our findings are crucial for new strategies of biodiversity conservation in coastal habitats.
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Chenot J, Affre L, Passetti A, Buisson E. Consequences of iceplant (Carpobrotus) invasion on the vegetation and seed bank structure on a Mediterranean island: response elements for their local eradication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.910473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Soil quality: a key factor in understanding plant invasion? The case of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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