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Zhou KY, Deng LJ, Luo SY, Wang QX, Fang S. Expression of Early Growth Response 3 in Skin Cancers. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:169-175. [PMID: 38478384 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in normal skin and different types of skin tumors: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma (MM), and cutaneous adnexal tumors containing sebaceous carcinoma (SC), trichoepithelioma (TE) and clear cell hidradenoma (CCH). BACKGROUND EGR3, expressed in multiple organs, including skin, plays an important role in cell differentiation and tumor growth. Previous studies have shown that EGR3 suppresses tumor growth and is downregulated in various malignancies. However, its distribution in normal skin and its expression especially in skin tumors have not been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of normal cases (n = 4), cSCC (n = 12), BCC (n = 12), MM (n = 12), SC (n = 4), TE (n = 4), and CCH (n = 4) were collected from patients treated in our department between 2018 and 2023. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of EGR3. The results were analyzed with the description of the staining pattern and the histochemical score. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that EGR3 was uniquely expressed in normal skin in the granular layer and upper part of the stratum spinosum, as well as in sebaceous glands and hair follicles, but not in sweat glands. In skin cancers, BCC, SC, and TE showed positive EGR3 staining, whereas cSCC, MM, and CCH were negative. CONCLUSIONS EGR3 has a specific expression pattern in normal skin and in skin tumors, which is important for the differential diagnosis of skin tumors, in particular for cSCC and sebaceous gland carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Xie Y, Han X, Yu J, Yuan M, Yan Y, Qin J, Lan L, Wang Y. EGR3 and estrone are involved in the tamoxifen resistance and progression of breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:18103-18117. [PMID: 37999751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen (Tam) is an effective treatment for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. However, a significant proportion of patients develop resistance under treatment, presenting a therapeutic challenge. The study aims to determine the role of early growth response protein (EGR) 3 in tamoxifen resistance (TamR) and elucidate its molecular mechanism. METHODS TamR cell models were established and NGS was used to screening signaling alternation. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to analysis the expression of ERα, EGR3, MCL1 and factors associated with apoptosis. CCK8, colony formation and apoptosis assay were used to analysis resistance to Tam. Immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase assays were used to investigate mechanism of regulation. RESULTS We observed that EGR3, a deeply rooted ERα response factor, showed increased upregulation in response to both estrone (E1) and Tam in TamR cells with elevated level of E1 and ERα expression, indicating a potential connection between EGR3 and TamR. Mechanically, manipulating EGR3 expression revealed that it imparted resistance to Tam through increased expression of the downstream molecule MCL1 (apoptosis suppressor gene) that it regulated. Mechanismly, EGR3 directly binds to the promoter of the anti-apoptotic factor MCL1 gene, facilitating its transcription. Furthermore, apoptosis assays revealed that E1 reduces Tam induced apoptosis by upregulating EGR3 expression. Importantly, clinical public database confirmed the high expression of EGR3 in breast cancer tissue and in Tam-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on the novel estrogen/EGR3/MCL1 axis and its role in inducing TamR in ER positive breast cancer. EGR3 emerges as a promising target to overcome TamR. The elucidation of this mechanism holds potential for the development of new therapeutic modalities to overcome endocrine therapy resistance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengci Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China.
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Yamada T, Yamamori Y, Matsuda N, Nagamune H, Ohkura K, Tomoyasu T, Tabata A. Streptolysin S induces pronounced calcium-ion influx-dependent expression of immediate early genes encoding transcription factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13720. [PMID: 37608082 PMCID: PMC10444759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) are opportunistic human pathogens of the oral cavity. The β-hemolytic subgroup of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus secretes streptolysin S (SLS) and exhibits not only hemolytic activity but also cytotoxicity toward cultured human cell lines. However, the detailed mechanism of action of SLS and the cellular responses of host cells have not yet been fully clarified. To determine the pathogenic potential of SLS-producing β-hemolytic S. anginosus subsp. anginosus, the SLS-dependent response induced in the human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2 cells was investigated to determine the pathogenic potential of SLS-producing β-hemolytic S. anginosus subsp. anginosus. This study revealed that the Ca2+ influx and the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) encoding transcription factors such as early growth responses (EGRs) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were greatly increased in HSC-2 cells incubated with the culture supernatant of SLS-producing β-hemolytic S. anginosus subsp. anginosus. Moreover, this SLS-dependent increase in expression was significantly suppressed by Ca2+ chelation, except for jun. These results suggest that SLS caused Ca2+ influx into the cells following greatly enhanced expression of IEG-encoding transcription factors. The results of this study may help in understanding the pathogenicity of SLS-producing AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yugo Yamamori
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Nanami Matsuda
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohkura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-Cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan.
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Bioengineering Course, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.
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Alteration of payload in extracellular vesicles by crosstalk with mesenchymal stem cells from different origin. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:148. [PMID: 34016123 PMCID: PMC8139033 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) requires customized materials to target disease or cell damage. We hypothesized that EVs exert different inflammatory effects on one recipient cell, although stem cells of different origins in humans have similar payloads. Results Here, the payload of EVs released by crosstalk between MSCs and human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs) extracted from adipose tissue, bone marrow and tonsils significantly increased the level of anti-inflammatory factors. EVs derived from the co-culture medium decreased TNF-, COX-2, IL-1, and IL-6 levels to approximately zero within 3h in HMEECs. Expression of miR-638 and amyloid- A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 2 was analyzed using microarrays and gene ontology analysis, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, stem cells of different origins have different payloads through crosstalk with recipient-specific cells. Inducing specific factors in EVs by co-culture with MSCs could be valuable in regenerative medicine. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Parveen S, Siddharth S, Cheung LS, Kumar A, Shen J, Murphy JR, Sharma D, Bishai WR. Therapeutic targeting with DABIL-4 depletes myeloid suppressor cells in 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer model. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1330-1344. [PMID: 33682324 PMCID: PMC8096791 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In many solid tumors including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), upregulation of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) has been shown to promote cancer cell proliferation, apoptotic resistance, metastatic potential, and a Th2 response in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since immunosuppressive cells in the TME and spleen including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) also express the IL-4R, we hypothesized that selective depletion of IL-4R-bearing cells in TNBC would result in the direct killing of tumor cells and the depletion of immunosuppressive cells and lead to an enhanced antitumor response. To selectively target IL-4R+ cells, we employed DABIL-4, a fusion protein toxin consisting of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused to murine IL-4. As anticipated, DABIL-4 has potent cytotoxic activity against TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate in the murine 4T1 TNBC model that DABIL-4 significantly reduces tumor growth, splenomegaly, and lung metastases. Importantly, we also show that the administration of DABIL-4 results in the selective depletion of MDSCs, TAMs, and regulatory T cells in treated mice, with a concomitant increase in IFN-γ+ CD8 effector T cells in the TME. Since the 4T1 antitumor activity of DABIL-4 was largely diminished in IL-4R knockout mice, we postulate that DABIL-4 functions primarily as an immunotherapeutic by the depletion of MDSCs, TAMs, and regulatory T cells. NanoString analysis of control and treated tumors confirmed and extended these observations by showing a marked decline of mRNA transcripts that are associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that DABIL-4 targeting of both tumor and immunosuppressive host cells likely represents a novel and effective treatment strategy for 4T1 TNBC and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Parveen
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- Department of OncologySidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns HopkinsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Laurene S. Cheung
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jessica Shen
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - John R. Murphy
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of OncologySidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns HopkinsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - William R. Bishai
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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Zhou X, Zhang FY, Liu Y, Wei DX. A Risk Prediction Model for Breast Cancer Based on Immune Genes Related to Early Growth Response Proteins Family. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:616547. [PMID: 33614706 PMCID: PMC7887293 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.616547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response proteins (EGRs), a transcriptional regulatory family comprised of EGR1, EGR2, EGR3, and EGR 4, are reportedly involved in a vast array of functions. However, EGRs, as a whole, are rarely studied in breast cancer cases. This research was performed based on public datasets. The results demonstrated that, except EGR4, the other EGRs were differentially expressed genes in breast cancer. Subsequently, this study determined the prognosis significance of the EGR family, higher expression levels of EGRs indicating better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), except EGR4. So we attempted to explore the potential mechanism behind the prognostic value of EGRs. At the DNA level, however, neither DNA methylation status nor genetic alterations of EGRs contributed to the prognosis significance. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that EGRs were involved in several immune-related functions. Afterward, we assessed the correlation between EGRs and the immune system before establishing a risk prediction model with a 14-gene immune signature associated with EGRs, a prognostic nomogram predicting individuals’ 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities. The risk score was an independent prognosis predictor in the breast cancer cohorts. This study evidenced EGRs’ significance for tumor immunity, demonstrating that the EGR family may be a potential immunotherapeutic target for breast cancer. The 14-gene immune signature is a promising prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Dong-Xin Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
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7
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Shin SH, Kim I, Lee JE, Lee M, Park JW. Loss of EGR3 is an independent risk factor for metastatic progression in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:5839-5854. [PMID: 32796959 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of pro-metastatic genomic alterations is urgently needed to help understand and prevent the fatal course of prostate cancer. Here, we found that the transcription factor EGR3, located at chromosome 8p21.3, is a critical metastasis suppressor. Aberrant deletion of EGR3 was found in up to 59.76% (deep deletions, 16.87%; shallow deletions, 42.89%) of prostate cancer patients. In informatics analysis, EGR3 loss was associated with prostate cancer progression and low survival rates. EGR3 expression inversely correlated with the expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis-related gene sets in prostate cancer tissues. In prostate cancer cells, EGR3 blocked the EMT process and suppressed cell migration and invasion. In a mouse model for cancer metastasis, EGR3 overexpression significantly suppressed bone metastases of PC3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, EGR3 transcriptionally activated ZFP36, GADD45B, and SOCS3 genes by directly binding to their promoter regions. The EMT-inhibitory and tumor-suppressive roles of the EGR3 downstream genes were identified through in vitro and in silico analyses. Together, our results showed that EGR3 may be a biomarker to predict clinical outcomes and that it plays an important role in the metastatic progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Iljin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Singh CK, Chhabra G, Ndiaye MA, Siddiqui IA, Panackal JE, Mintie CA, Ahmad N. Quercetin-Resveratrol Combination for Prostate Cancer Management in TRAMP Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2141. [PMID: 32748838 PMCID: PMC7465013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men. Therefore, novel mechanistically-driven approaches are needed for PCa management. Here, we determined the effects of grape antioxidants quercetin and/or resveratrol (60 and 600 mg/kg, respectively, in diet) against PCa in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP)-model in prevention and intervention settings. We found resveratrol alone and in combination significantly inhibited prostate tumorigenesis in prevention setting, while the same was seen only in combination after intervention. The observed effects were associated with marked inhibition in proliferation, oxidative stress, and tumor survival markers, and induced apoptosis markers. Utilizing PCa PCR array analysis with prevention tumor tissues, we identified that quercetin-resveratrol modulates genes involved in promoter methylation, cell cycle, apoptosis, fatty acid metabolism, transcription factors, androgen response, PI3K/AKT and PTEN signaling. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified IGF1 and BCL2 as central players in two gene networks. Functional annotation predicted increased apoptosis and inhibited cell viability/proliferation, hyperplasia, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis with dual treatment. Furthermore, IPA predicted upstream inhibition of major PCa signaling VEGF, Ca2+, PI3K, CSF2, PTH). Based on PCR array, we identified decreased levels of EGFR, EGR3, and IL6, and increased levels of IGFBP7 and NKX3.1, overall supporting anti-PCa effects of quercetin-resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Mary A. Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Imtiaz A. Siddiqui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer E. Panackal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Charlotte A. Mintie
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Chrastina A, Welsh J, Rondeau G, Abedinpour P, Borgström P, Baron VT. Plumbagin‐Serum Albumin Interaction: Spectral, Electrochemical, Structure‐Binding Analysis, Antiproliferative and Cell Signaling Aspects with Implications for Anticancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1338-1347. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chrastina
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM) 505 Coast Blvd. South La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - John Welsh
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
| | - Gaelle Rondeau
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
| | - Parisa Abedinpour
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM) 505 Coast Blvd. South La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Per Borgström
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
| | - Véronique T. Baron
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD) 3030 Bunker Hill Street San Diego CA 92109 USA
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10
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Mitrea C, Bollig-Fischer A, Voichiţa C, Donato M, Romero R, Drăghici S. Detecting qualitative changes in biological systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8146. [PMID: 32424123 PMCID: PMC7235093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, most diseases are diagnosed only after significant disease-associated transformations have taken place. Here, we propose an approach able to identify when systemic qualitative changes in biological systems happen, thus opening the possibility for therapeutic interventions before the occurrence of symptoms. The proposed method exploits knowledge from biological networks and longitudinal data using a system impact analysis. The method is validated on eight biological phenomena, three synthetic datasets and five real datasets, for seven organisms. Most importantly, the method accurately detected the transition from the control stage (benign) to the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma on an eight-stage disease dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mitrea
- Wayne State University, Department of Computer Science, Detroit, 48202, USA
- Wayne State University, Department of Oncology, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Wayne State University, Department of Oncology, Detroit, 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Călin Voichiţa
- Wayne State University, Department of Computer Science, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Stanford University, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Detroit, 48201, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
- Michigan State University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, East Lansing, 48824, USA
- Wayne State University, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Sorin Drăghici
- Wayne State University, Department of Computer Science, Detroit, 48202, USA.
- Wayne State University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, 48201, USA.
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Li X, Yuan M, Song L, Wang Y. Silencing of microRNA-210 inhibits the progression of liver cancer and hepatitis B virus-associated liver cancer via targeting EGR3. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:48. [PMID: 32138690 PMCID: PMC7059654 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to investigate the regulatory role of microRNA-210 (miRNA-210) on the progression of liver cancer and Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver cancer. METHODS The expression of miRNA-210 was detected in liver tissues of HBV-associated cirrhosis and liver cancer, and in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells by qRT-PCR. MiRNA-210 was silenced in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells by the transfection of miRNA-210 inhibitor. The cell viability and apoptosis was detected by MTT assay and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, respectively. The protein expression of EGR3 was detected by Western blot. The regulatory relationship between EGR3 and miRNA-210 was predicted by TargetScan and identified by Dual luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS MiRNA-210 was overexpressed in the liver tissues of HBV-associated cirrhosis and liver cancer, and in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (P < 0.05). Silencing of miRNA-210 inhibited the viability and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (P < 0.05). EGR3 was a target of miRNA-210, which was down-regulated in the liver tissues of HBV-associated cirrhosis and liver cancer, and in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (P < 0.05). Silencing of miRNA-210 increased the mRNA and protein expression of EGR3 (P < 0.05). Silencing of EGR3 reversed the anti-tumor effect of miRNA-210 inhibitor on HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Silencing of miRNA-210 inhibits the progression of liver cancer and HBV-associated liver cancer via up-regulating EGR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- The seventh Inpatient Area, Qingdao Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 9, Fushun Road, Shibei District, Qingdao City, 266033 Shandong Province China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Inspection, Qingdao Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 9, Fushun Road, Shibei District, Qingdao City, 266033 Shandong Province China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Inspection, Qingdao Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 9, Fushun Road, Shibei District, Qingdao City, 266033 Shandong Province China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chronic Disease Management Center, Qingdao Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 9, Fushun Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266033 Shandong Province China
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12
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Fei Y, Yu H, Huang S, Chen P, Pan L. Expression and prognostic analyses of early growth response proteins (EGRs) in human breast carcinoma based on database analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8183. [PMID: 31844579 PMCID: PMC6907094 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early growth response proteins (EGRs), as a transcriptional regulatory family, are involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and even carcinogenesis. However, the role of EGRs in tumors, their expression levels, and their prognostic value remain unclear. Methods Using the Oncomine database, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, bcGenExMiner v4.2, cBioPortal, and other tools, the association between the survival data of breast carcinoma (BC) patients and transcriptional levels of four EGRs was investigated. Results According to the Oncomine database, in comparison to normal tissues, the expression level of EGR2/3 mRNA in BC tissues was decreased, but there was no difference in the expression level of EGR4 mRNA. On the basis of the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grading system, the downregulated expression level of EGR1/2/3 and upregulated expression level of EGR4 were correlated with an increased histological differentiation level, with significant differences (p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier curves suggest that a reduction in EGR2/3 mRNA expression is related to recurrence-free survival (RFS) in BC patients. In addition, the mRNA expression level of EGR1/2/3 was related to metastatic relapse-free survival (MRFS) in BC patients with metastatic recurrence (p < 0.05). Conclusion EGR1/2/3 can be utilized as an important factor for evaluating prognosis and may be relevant to diagnosis. EGR4 may play a role in the occurrence and development of BC. The specific function and mechanism of EGRs in BC deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Fei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- The Third Clinical Medical Institute of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peifeng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lei Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Oncogenic Role of Secreted Engrailed Homeobox 2 (EN2) in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091400. [PMID: 31500112 PMCID: PMC6780828 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engrailed variant-2 (EN2) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic biomarker; however, its presence and functional role in prostate cancer (PCa) cells is still controversial or unknown. Here, we analyzed 1) the expression/secretion profile of EN2 in five independent samples cohorts from PCa patients and controls (prostate tissues and/or urine) to determine its utility as a PCa biomarker; and 2) the functional role of EN2 in normal (RWPE1) and tumor (LNCaP/22Rv1/PC3) prostate cells to explore its potential value as therapeutic target. EN2 was overexpressed in our two cohorts of PCa tissues compared to control and in tumor cell lines compared with normal-like prostate cells. This profile was corroborated in silico in three independent data sets [The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)/Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)/Grasso]. Consistently, urine EN2 levels were elevated and enabled discrimination between PCa and control patients. EN2 treatment increased cell proliferation in LNCaP/22Rv1/PC3 cells, migration in RWPE1/PC3 cells, and PSA secretion in LNCaP cells. These effects were associated, at least in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, with increased AKT and androgen-receptor phosphorylation levels and with modulation of key cancer-associated genes. Consistently, EN2 treatment also regulated androgen-receptor activity (full-length and splicing variants) in androgen-sensitive 22Rv1 cells. Altogether, this study demonstrates the potential utility of EN2 as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for PCa and provides novel and valuable information to further investigate its putative utility to develop new therapeutic tools in PCa.
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14
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Zhang P, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang D, Luo Q, Wang B. Overexpressing miR‑335 inhibits DU145 cell proliferation by targeting early growth response 3 in prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1981-1994. [PMID: 31081063 PMCID: PMC6521937 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-335 (miR-335) was reported to suppress cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PC), a common malignancy in males. The expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) was determined to be elevated in human PC tissues; however, the possible effects and underlying mechanism of miR-335 on PC remains unknown. In the present study, miR-335 mimics and miR-335 inhibitors were respectively transfected into DU145 cells. Stable silencing of EGR3 was observed in DU145 cells following transfection with small interfering RNA. We also used Cell Counting Kit-8 and in vitro angiogenesis assays to determine the viability and revascularization potential of DU145 cells. The expression levels of EGR and caspase-3 activity were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. We predicted the target of miR-335 by bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to determine the protein and mRNA expression of molecules. miR-335 expression was downregulated in PC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-335 significantly reduced the viability and the formation of regenerative tubes of DU145 cells, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors. EGR3 was proposed as a possible target of miR-335, and was negatively regulated by miR-335. Silencing EGR3 suppressed the viability and angiogenesis of DU145 cells, and reduced the activity of caspase-3 and inflammatory factor expression. miR-335 inhibition along with EGR3 silencing EGR3 inhibited the cell proliferation. Furthermore, miR-335 inhibited the formation of a PC solid tumor xenograft in vivo. Thus, miR-335 may exert an antitumor effect on DU145 cells by regulating the expression of EGR3. The findings of the present study may provide insight into a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Qidong Luo
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Binxian Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
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KSRP suppresses cell invasion and metastasis through miR-23a-mediated EGR3 mRNA degradation in non-small cell lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:1013-1024. [PMID: 28847731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is a single-strand RNA binding protein which regulates mRNA stability either by binding to AU-rich elements (AREs) of mRNA 3'UTR or by facilitating miRNA biogenesis to target mRNA. Unlike its well-characterized function at the molecular level in maintaining RNA homeostasis, the role of KSRP in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here we investigate the role of KSRP in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We first examined KSRP expression by immunohistochemistry in a cohort containing 196 NSCLC patients and observed a strong positive correlation between KSRP expression and survival of NSCLC patients. Multivariate analysis further identified KSRP as an independent prognostic factor. Manipulating KSRP expression significantly affected in vitro cell mobility and in vivo metastatic ability of NSCLC cells. Microarray analysis identified an ARE-containing gene, EGR3, as a downstream effector of KSRP in NSCLC. Interestingly, we found that KSRP decreased EGR3 mRNA stability in an ARE-independent manner. By screening KSRP-regulated miRNAs in NSCLC cells, we further found that miR-23a directly binds to EGR3 3'UTR, reducing EGR3 expression and thereby inhibiting NSCLC cell mobility. Our findings implicate a targetable KSRP/miR-23a/EGR3 signaling axis in advanced tumor phenotypes.
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16
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Kenyon A, Gavriouchkina D, Zorman J, Napolitani G, Cerundolo V, Sauka-Spengler T. Active nuclear transcriptome analysis reveals inflammasome-dependent mechanism for early neutrophil response to Mycobacterium marinum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6505. [PMID: 28747644 PMCID: PMC5529371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms governing neutrophil response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain poorly understood. In this study we utilise biotagging, a novel genome-wide profiling approach based on cell type-specific in vivo biotinylation in zebrafish to analyse the initial response of neutrophils to Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of M. tuberculosis used to model tuberculosis. Differential expression analysis following nuclear RNA-seq of neutrophil active transcriptomes reveals a significant upregulation in both damage-sensing and effector components of the inflammasome, including caspase b, NLRC3 ortholog (wu: fb15h11) and il1β. Crispr/Cas9-mediated knockout of caspase b, which acts by proteolytic processing of il1β, results in increased bacterial burden and less infiltration of macrophages to sites of mycobacterial infection, thus impairing granuloma development. We also show that a number of immediate early response genes (IEGs) are responsible for orchestrating the initial neutrophil response to mycobacterial infection. Further perturbation of the IEGs exposes egr3 as a key transcriptional regulator controlling il1β transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kenyon
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Daria Gavriouchkina
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Jernej Zorman
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
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17
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Wang ZD, Qu FY, Chen YY, Ran ZS, Liu HY, Zhang HD. Involvement of microRNA-718, a new regulator of EGR3, in regulation of malignant phenotype of HCC cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:27-36. [PMID: 28070994 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still one of the most common death-related malignancies worldwide. Because the way onset and progression are hidden most, HCC diagnoses are made at an advanced stage, when they are unsuitable for surgical resection. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs, participating in many aspects of cancers. In this study, we tried to establish the role of microRNA-718 (miR-718) in the malignant phenotype of HCC cells and its possible role in HCC diagnosis. METHODS Here we first used a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and colony formation assay to evaluate the impact of miR-718 on the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. Then, we used bioinformatic methods to predict the target gene of miR-718 and used green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter assay, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate the regulation relationship. Finally, we determined the role of the target gene in the HCC phenotype. RESULTS We found that the expression of miR-718 was significantly reduced in various HCC cell lines and HCC tissues. Re-expression of miR-718 significantly reduced the cellular viability and colony formation ability as well as inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of HCC cell lines. Early growth response protein 3 (EGR3) is a direct target of miR-718 and is negatively regulated by miR-718. EGR3 could increase the viability and proliferation of HCC cells, and promot the migration and invasion of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-718 acts as a tumor suppressive microRNA in HCC via regulating the expression of EGR3, which may provide a new diagnostic marker and treatment target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Dong Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Taishan Sanatorium of Shandong Province, Tai'an 271001, China
| | - Fan-Yong Qu
- Interventional Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Center of Health Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an 271001, China
| | - Zhang-Shen Ran
- Center of Health Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an 271001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an 271001, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an 271001, China
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18
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López-López D, Gómez-Nieto R, Herrero-Turrión MJ, García-Cairasco N, Sánchez-Benito D, Ludeña MD, López DE. Overexpression of the immediate-early genes Egr1, Egr2, and Egr3 in two strains of rodents susceptible to audiogenic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 71:226-237. [PMID: 26775236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic animal models of epilepsy are an important tool for further understanding the basic cellular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and for developing novel antiepileptic drugs. We conducted a comparative study of gene expression in the inferior colliculus, a nucleus that triggers audiogenic seizures, using two animal models, the Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) and the genetic audiogenic seizure hamster (GASH:Sal). For this purpose, both models were exposed to high intensity auditory stimulation, and 60min later, the inferior colliculi were collected. As controls, intact Wistar rats and Syrian hamsters were subjected to stimulation and tissue preparation protocols identical to those performed on the experimental animals. Ribonucleic acid was isolated, and microarray analysis comparing the stimulated Wistar and WAR rats showed that the genomic profile of these animals displayed significant (fold change, |FC|≥2.0 and p<0.05) upregulation of 38 genes and downregulation of 47 genes. Comparison of gene expression profiles between stimulated control hamsters and stimulated GASH:Sal revealed the upregulation of 10 genes and the downregulation of 5 genes. Among the common genes that were altered in both models, we identified the zinc finger immediate-early growth response gene Egr3. The Egr3 protein is a transcription factor that is induced by distinct stress-elicited factors. Based on immunohistochemistry, this protein was expressed in the cochlear nucleus complex, the inferior colliculus, and the hippocampus of both animal models as well as in lymphoma tumors of the GASH:Sal. Our results support that the overexpression of the Egr3 gene in both models might contribute to neuronal viability and development of lymphoma in response to stress associated with audiogenic seizures. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Genetic and Reflex Epilepsies, Audiogenic Seizures and Strains: From Experimental Models to the Clinic".
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Affiliation(s)
- D López-López
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Spain
| | - R Gómez-Nieto
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M J Herrero-Turrión
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - N García-Cairasco
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - D Sánchez-Benito
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Spain
| | - M D Ludeña
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - D E López
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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19
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Early growth response 3 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via upregulation of Fas ligand. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:805-814. [PMID: 28098878 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy with aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a zinc finger transcription factor, and has been studied primarily in the context of neurodevelopment, autoimmunity, inflammation and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that EGR3 is a novel suppressor gene of tumor initiation and progression in certain cancer events, but little work has been carried out in exploring the relationship between EGR3 and HCC growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of EGR3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HCC, and determine the underlying mechanisms. Here, we observed that EGR3 expression was frequently downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of EGR3 contributed to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in HCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) was significantly enhanced following upregulation of EGR3 in HCC cells, accompanied by an obvious increase of pro-apoptotic Bak and cell cycle inhibitor p21 expression. Based on nude mouse models, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of EGR3 markedly restricted tumor growth, and the expression of FasL was significantly increased in the xenograft tumor tissues which exhibited high EGR3 expression. We further established a co-transfection in HCC cells with EGR3 overexpression plasmid and FasL siRNA. We found that silencing of FasL gene impeded the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, as well as the increase of Bak and p21 expression, suggesting an essential role of FasL in EGR3-mediated growth suppression in HCC cells. Collectively, in conclusion, EGR3 contributes to cell growth inhibition via upregulation of FasL in HCC.
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20
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Kim JE, Kim SK, Shin J, Se YB, Choi SH, Park SH, Choi SA, Lee JY, Phi JH, Wang KC, Park CK, Kim SK. A subpopulation of cancer stem cells identifies radiographic characteristics in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1175-1182. [PMID: 28454230 PMCID: PMC5403500 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), defined by CD133 expression, harbor heterogeneous subpopulations of cells, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). This study aimed to investigate whether a subpopulation of CSCs could affect the radiographic characteristics of glioblastoma. Tissue samples from 10 patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma were selected according to the radiographic characteristics of their tumors. The patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating contrast enhancement, necrosis and infiltrative patterns: the enhancement/necrosis group (E/N, n=5) and the non-enhancement/infiltration group (NE/I, n=5). Flow cytometry was used to assess the CSCs while immunohistochemistry was used to study microvessel density and the proliferation index. The EPC (CD34+/CD133+) fraction in CSCs (CD133+) was larger in the NE/I group. However, there was little difference in the angiogenic activity assessed using microvessel density between the two groups. The proliferation index (assessed using the antibody Ki-67) was higher in the E/N group and was negatively correlated with the EPC fraction. The non-EPC (CD34-/CD133+) fraction is a major factor responsible for radiographic characteristics of contrast enhancement, thus establishing an association between a subpopulation fraction of CSCs and radiographic characteristics in glioblastoma. Therefore, the simple non-invasive assessment of studying contrast enhancement lesions in glioblastomas may be used to estimate CSC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Eun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bem Se
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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MiR-21 and miR-205 are induced in invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 309:133-139. [PMID: 28013372 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant proliferation of keratinocytes with an uncertain molecular basis causing significant morbidity. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression on post- transcriptional level. MiRs are critical to various biological processes. To determine if miRs play a role in pathogenesis of invasive cSCC, we collected patients' specimens from in situ and invasive cSCC (n = 19) and examined miRs expression levels using qPCR. Specifically, we evaluated miR-21, miR-103a, miR-186, miR-200b, miR-203, and miR-205 expression levels due to their role in skin biology and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. MiR levels were compared between in situ and invasive cSCCs. We found statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) upregulation of miR-21 and miR-205 in invasive cSCC compared to cSCC in situ. We concluded that miR-21 and miR-205 may have diagnostic value in determining the invasive properties of cSCCs and that each cSCC displays unique miR profile, underscoring the possibility of personalized medicine approach in developing potential novel, less invasive treatments.
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Chaudhury A, Cheema S, Fachini JM, Kongchan N, Lu G, Simon LM, Wang T, Mao S, Rosen DG, Ittmann MM, Hilsenbeck SG, Shaw CA, Neilson JR. CELF1 is a central node in post-transcriptional regulatory programmes underlying EMT. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13362. [PMID: 27869122 PMCID: PMC5121338 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of translational regulation in tumour biology is increasingly appreciated. Here, we leverage polyribosomal profiling to prospectively define translational regulatory programs underlying epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast epithelial cells. We identify a group of ten translationally regulated drivers of EMT sharing a common GU-rich cis-element within the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of their mRNA. These cis-elements, necessary for the regulatory activity imparted by these 3′-UTRs, are directly bound by the CELF1 protein, which itself is regulated post-translationally during the EMT program. CELF1 is necessary and sufficient for both mesenchymal transition and metastatic colonization, and CELF1 protein, but not mRNA, is significantly overexpressed in human breast cancer tissues. Our data present an 11-component genetic pathway, invisible to transcriptional profiling approaches, in which the CELF1 protein functions as a central node controlling translational activation of genes driving EMT and ultimately tumour progression. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a key process in tumorigenesis but little is known about the molecular mechanism regulating such process at the translational level. Here, the authors identify a subset of mRNAs important for this process that are specifically modulated by the RNA-binding protein CELF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chaudhury
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shebna Cheema
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joseph M Fachini
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Natee Kongchan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guojun Lu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lukas M Simon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sufeng Mao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniel G Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joel R Neilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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23
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Patel SJ, Dao S, Darie CC, Clarkson BD. Defective quorum sensing of acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells: evidence of collective behavior of leukemic populations as semi-autonomous aberrant ecosystems. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1177-230. [PMID: 27429840 PMCID: PMC4937729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a generic term used to describe cell-cell communication and collective decision making by bacterial and social insects to regulate the expression of specific genes in controlling cell density and other properties of the populations in response to nutrient supply or changes in the environment. QS mechanisms also have a role in higher organisms in maintaining homeostasis, regulation of the immune system and collective behavior of cancer cell populations. In the present study, we used a p190(BCR-ABL) driven pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL3) cell line derived from the pleural fluid of a terminally ill patient with ALL to test the QS hypothesis in leukemia. ALL3 cells don't grow at low density (LD) in liquid media but grow progressively faster at increasingly high cell densities (HD) in contrast to other established leukemic cell lines that grow well at very low starting cell densities. The ALL3 cells at LD are poised to grow but shortly die without additional stimulation. Supernates of ALL3 cells (HDSN) and some other primary cells grown at HD stimulate the growth of the LD ALL3 cells without which they won't survive. To get further insight into the activation processes we performed microarray analysis of the LD ALL3 cells after stimulation with ALL3 HDSN at days 1, 3, and 6. This screen identified several candidate genes, and we linked them to signaling networks and their functions. We observed that genes involved in lipid, cholesterol, fatty acid metabolism, and B cell activation are most up- or down-regulated upon stimulation of the LD ALL3 cells using HDSN. We also discuss other pathways that are differentially expressed upon stimulation of the LD ALL3 cells. Our findings suggest that the Ph+ ALL population achieves dominance by functioning as a collective aberrant ecosystem subject to defective quorum-sensing regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan J Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program1275 York Avenue, Box #96, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Su Dao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program1275 York Avenue, Box #96, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Bayard D Clarkson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program1275 York Avenue, Box #96, New York, NY 10065, USA
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24
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in US men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an endocrine FGF, normally expressed by osteocytes, which plays a critical role in phosphate homeostasis via a feedback loop involving the kidney and vitamin D. We now show that FGF23 is expressed as an autocrine growth factor in all prostate cancer cell lines tested and is present at increased levels in prostate cancer tissues. Exogenous FGF23 enhances proliferation, invasion and anchorage independent growth in vitro while FGF23 knockdown in prostate cancer cell lines decreases these phenotypes. FGF23 knockdown also decreases tumor growth in vivo. Given that classical FGFs and FGF19 are also increased in prostate cancer, we analyzed expression microarrays hybridized with RNAs from of LNCaP cells stimulated with FGF2, FGF19 or FGF23. The different FGF ligands induce overlapping as well as unique patterns of gene expression changes and thus are not redundant. We identified multiple genes whose expression is altered by FGF23 that are associated with prostate cancer initiation and progression. Thus FGF23 can potentially also act as an autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine growth factor in prostate cancer that can promote prostate cancer progression.
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25
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Veskimäe K, Staff S, Tabaro F, Nykter M, Isola J, Mäenpää J. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in ovarian and fallopian tube epithelium from risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:276-87. [PMID: 25706666 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer an increased lifetime risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer risk can be decreased by risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Studies on RRSO material have altered the paradigm of serous ovarian cancer pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes possibly involved in the pathogenesis of serous ovarian cancer by carrying out a microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in BRCA1/2- mutation positive ovarian and fallopian tube epithelium derived from RRSO surgery. Freshly frozen ovarian and fallopian tube samples from nine BRCA1/2 mutation carriers scheduled for RRSO were prospectively collected together with five mutation-negative control patients undergoing salpingo-oophorectomy for benign indications. Microarray analysis of genome-wide gene expression was performed on ovarian and fallopian tube samples from the BRCA1/2 and control patients. The validation of microarray data was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in selected cases of RRSO samples and also in high grade serous carcinoma samples collected from patients with a BRCA phenotype. From 22,733 genes, 454 transcripts were identified that were differentially expressed in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers when compared with controls, pooling all ovarian and fallopian tube samples together. Of these, 299 genes were statistically significantly downregulated and 155 genes upregulated. Differentially expressed genes in BRCA1/2 samples reported here might be involved in serous ovarian carcinogenesis and provide interesting targets for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Veskimäe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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26
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Early Growth Response 3 regulates genes of inflammation and directly activates IL6 and IL8 expression in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:755-64. [PMID: 25633035 PMCID: PMC4333488 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcription factor EGR3 (Early Growth Response 3) is a little-studied member of the EGR family that is highly expressed in human prostate tumours compared with normal tissue. Its function in prostate cancer, however, is unknown. Methods: Stable shRNA silencing was achieved in naturally overexpressing prostate cancer cells, followed by Affymetrix expression analysis. Fold changes of ⩾2 and ⩽−2 were considered valid and t-tests P-values of ⩽0.01 were considered statistically significant. Potential EGR3 target genes were validated by real-time qPCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gain-of-function experiments. Promoter analysis confirmed the presence of consensus binding sites in the promoters of target genes. Results: Early Growth Response 3 regulates the expression of ∼330 genes, 35% of which are involved in immune responses and inflammatory processes, and 15% crosstalk with the NF-κB signalling pathway. In particular, EGR3 induces the expression of over 50 secreted cytokines, growth factors, and matrix remodelling factors. Two interleukins of great relevance to prostate cancer, IL6 and IL8, were further validated as EGR3 target genes: both promoters contain EGR consensus binding sites and are pulled down in intact cells by EGR3 chromatin immunoprecipitation. Silencing of EGR3 decreased IL6 and IL8 expression, whereas overexpression of EGR3 in nontransformed cells induced IL6 and IL8 expression. Conclusions: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in prostate cancer and elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL8 and IL6, in particular, contributes to disease progression and to the onset of castration resistance. It is shown for the first time that EGR3 is involved in the upregulation of both IL6 and IL8. Together with our previous observation that EGR3 is highly expressed in prostate tumours compared with normal tissue and strongly correlates with IL6 and IL8 expression in clinical samples, the present study suggests that EGR3 promotes excessive production of IL6 and IL8 observed during the progression of prostate cancer.
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27
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Beach TG, Adler CH, Sue LI, Serrano G, Shill HA, Walker DG, Lue L, Roher AE, Dugger BN, Maarouf C, Birdsill AC, Intorcia A, Saxon-Labelle M, Pullen J, Scroggins A, Filon J, Scott S, Hoffman B, Garcia A, Caviness JN, Hentz JG, Driver-Dunckley E, Jacobson SA, Davis KJ, Belden CM, Long KE, Malek-Ahmadi M, Powell JJ, Gale LD, Nicholson LR, Caselli RJ, Woodruff BK, Rapscak SZ, Ahern GL, Shi J, Burke AD, Reiman EM, Sabbagh MN. Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Brain and Body Donation Program. Neuropathology 2015; 35:354-89. [PMID: 25619230 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Brain and Body Donation Program (BBDP) at Banner Sun Health Research Institute (http://www.brainandbodydonationprogram.org) started in 1987 with brain-only donations and currently has banked more than 1600 brains. More than 430 whole-body donations have been received since this service was commenced in 2005. The collective academic output of the BBDP is now described as the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND). Most BBDP subjects are enrolled as cognitively normal volunteers residing in the retirement communities of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Specific recruitment efforts are also directed at subjects with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cancer. The median age at death is 82. Subjects receive standardized general medical, neurological, neuropsychological and movement disorders assessments during life and more than 90% receive full pathological examinations by medically licensed pathologists after death. The Program has been funded through a combination of internal, federal and state of Arizona grants as well as user fees and pharmaceutical industry collaborations. Subsets of the Program are utilized by the US National Institute on Aging Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Core Center and the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Brain and Tissue Resource for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders. Substantial funding has also been received from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. The Program has made rapid autopsy a priority, with a 3.0-hour median post-mortem interval for the entire collection. The median RNA Integrity Number (RIN) for frozen brain and body tissue is 8.9 and 7.4, respectively. More than 2500 tissue requests have been served and currently about 200 are served annually. These requests have been made by more than 400 investigators located in 32 US states and 15 countries. Tissue from the BBDP has contributed to more than 350 publications and more than 200 grant-funded projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Lucia I Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Holly A Shill
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - LihFen Lue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex E Roher
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Chera Maarouf
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Joel Pullen
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jessica Filon
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah Scott
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Angelica Garcia
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn J Davis
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Kathy E Long
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa D Gale
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiong Shi
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anna D Burke
- Banner Alzheimer Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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28
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Correa RG, Krajewska M, Ware CF, Gerlic M, Reed JC. The NLR-related protein NWD1 is associated with prostate cancer and modulates androgen receptor signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1666-82. [PMID: 24681825 PMCID: PMC4039239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a seminal role in prostate development and homeostasis, and dysregulation of this pathway is intimately linked to prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression. Here, we identify the cytosolic NLR-related protein NWD1 as a novel modulator of AR signaling. We determined that expression of NWD1 becomes elevated during prostate cancer progression, based on analysis of primary tumor specimens. Experiments with cultured cells showed that NWD1 expression is up-regulated by the sex-determining region Y (SRY) family proteins. Gene silencing procedures, in conjunction with transcriptional profiling, showed that NWD1 is required for expression of PDEF (prostate-derived Ets factor), which is known to bind and co-regulate AR. Of note, NWD1 modulates AR protein levels. Depleting NWD1 in PCa cell lines reduces AR levels and suppresses activity of androgen-driven reporter genes. NWD1 knockdown potently suppressed growth of androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells, thus showing its functional importance in an AR-dependent tumor cell model. Proteomic analysis suggested that NWD1 associates with various molecular chaperones commonly related to AR complexes. Altogether, these data suggest a role for tumor-associated over-expression of NWD1 in dysregulation of AR signaling in PCa.
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29
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Barbeau DJ, La KT, Kim DS, Kerpedjieva SS, Shurin GV, Tamama K. Early growth response-2 signaling mediates immunomodulatory effects of human multipotential stromal cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:155-66. [PMID: 24007274 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While most studies have suggested multipotential stromal cell or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies are useful for immune-mediated diseases, MSCs' immunomodulatory effects were not entirely reproduced in some studies, indicating the necessity to determine the underlying mechanism of MSCs' effects on immune response regulation to maximize their immunomodulatory effects. We have identified the transcription factor early growth response gene-2 (EGR2) as a novel molecular switch regulating known immunomodulatory molecules in human MSCs. EGR2 binds to the promoter regions of these genes, interleukin-6 (IL6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), indoleamine dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), and cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX2/PTGS2), and siRNA against EGR2 was shown to downregulate these genes and reduce the production of prostaglandin E2, an immunomodulatory mediator produced downstream of COX2/PTGS2. Moreover, EGR2 knockdown restores T-lymphocyte proliferation reduced by MSC coculture. Therefore, EGR2 is a potential target for the optimization of immunomodulatory properties of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique J Barbeau
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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30
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Vitamin k2, a naturally occurring menaquinone, exerts therapeutic effects on both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent prostate cancer cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:287358. [PMID: 24062781 PMCID: PMC3767046 DOI: 10.1155/2013/287358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have shown that vitamin k2 (VK2) has anticancer activity in a variety of cancer cells. The antitumor effects of VK2 in prostate cancer are currently not known. In the present study, we sought to characterize the anticancer potential of VK2 in both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells. Our investigations show that VK2 is able to suppress viability of androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells via caspase-3 and -8 dependent apoptosis. We also show that VK2 treatment reduces androgen receptor expression and PSA secretion in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Our results also implicate VK2 as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, as several inflammatory genes are downregulated in prostate cancer cells following treatment with VK2. Additionally, AKT and NF-kB levels in prostate cancer cells are reduced significantly when treated with VK2. These findings correlated with the results of the Boyden chamber and angiogenesis assay, as VK2 treatment reduced cell migration and angiogenesis potential of prostate cancer cells. Finally, in a nude mice model, VK2 administration resulted in significant inhibition of both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent tumor growth. Overall, our results suggest that VK2 may be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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